4-(2-(6-Methylpyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl)quinolin-6-carboxamide monohydrate 

Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₁₉N₅O·H₂O: C, 68.20; H, 5.46; N, 18.08. Found: C, 68.18; H, 5.34; N, 17.90.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆: δ) 1.74 (s, 3H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.82 (br s, 2H), 4.30 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.58 (m, 1H), 8.04, (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (dd, J = 8.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.87 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H).

¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆: δ) 22.56, 23.24, 25.58, 48.01, 109.36, 117.74, 121.26, 122.95, 126.73, 127.16 (2C), 129.01, 131.10, 136.68, 142.98, 147.20, 148.99, 151.08, 151.58, 152.13, 156.37, 167.47.

IR (KBr): 3349, 3162, 3067, 2988, 2851, 1679, 1323, 864, 825 cm^–1.

HRMS (m/z M + 1): Calcd for C₂₂H₁₉N₅O: 370.1653. Found: 370.1662.

• OriginatorEli Lilly
• DeveloperEli Lilly; National Cancer Institute (USA); Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College
• ClassAntineoplastics; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyrroles; Quinolines; Small molecules
• Mechanism of ActionPhosphotransferase inhibitors; Transforming growth factor beta1 inhibitors
• • Phase II/IIIMyelodysplastic syndromes
  • Phase IIBreast cancer; Glioblastoma; Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Phase I/IIGlioma; Non-small cell lung cancer; Pancreatic cancer
  • Phase ICancer; Solid tumours

  Most Recent Events

  • 26 Apr 2016Eli Lilly plans a pharmacokinetics phase I trial in Healthy volunteers in United Kingdom (PO) (NCT02752919)
  • 16 Apr 2016Pharmacodynamics data from a preclinical study in Cancer presented at the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR-2016)
  • 06 Apr 2016Eli Lilly and AstraZeneca plan a phase Ib trial for Pancreatic cancer (Second-line therapy or greater, Metastatic disease, Recurrent, Combination therapy) in USA, France, Italy, South Korea and Spain (PO) (NCT02734160)

Bristol-Myers Squibb and Lilly Enter Clinical Collaboration Agreement to Evaluate Opdivo (nivolumab) in Combination with Galunisertib in Advanced Solid Tumors

NEW YORK & INDIANAPOLIS–(BUSINESS WIRE)– Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (NYSE:BMY) and Eli Lilly and Company (NYSE:LLY) announced today a clinical trial collaboration to evaluate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of Bristol-Myers Squibb’s immunotherapy Opdivo (nivolumab) in combination with Lilly’s galunisertib (LY2157299). The Phase 1/2 trial will evaluate the investigational combination of Opdivo and galunisertib as a potential treatment option for patients with advanced (metastatic and/or unresectable) glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

Opdivo is a human programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blocking antibody that binds to the PD-1 receptor expressed on activated T-cells. Galunisertib (pronounced gal ue” ni ser’tib) is a TGF beta R1 kinase inhibitor that in vitro selectively blocks TGF beta signaling. TGF beta promotes tumor growth, suppresses the immune system and increases the ability of tumors to spread in the body. This collaboration will address the hypothesis that co-inhibition of PD-1 and TGF beta negative signals may lead to enhanced anti-tumor immune responses than inhibition of either pathway alone.

“Advanced solid tumors represent a serious unmet medical need among patients with cancer,” said Michael Giordano, senior vice president, Head of Development, Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb. “Our clinical collaboration with Lilly underscores Bristol-Myers Squibb’s continued commitment to explore combination regimens from our immuno-oncology portfolio with other mechanisms of action that may accelerate the development of new treatment options for patients.”

“Combination therapies will be key to addressing tumor heterogeneity and the inevitable resistance that is likely to develop to even the most promising new tailored therapies,” said Richard Gaynor, M.D., senior vice president, Product Development and Medical Affairs, Lilly Oncology. “To that end, having multiple cancer pathways and technology platforms will be critical in an era of combinations to ensure sustainability beyond any single asset.”

The study will be conducted by Lilly. Additional details of the collaboration were not disclosed.

About Galunisertib

Galunisertib (pronounced gal ue” ni ser’tib) is Lilly’s TGF beta R1 kinase inhibitor that in vitro selectively blocks TGF beta signaling. TGF beta promotes tumors growth, suppresses the immune system, and increases the ability of tumors to spread in the body.

Immune function is suppressed in cancer patients, and TGF beta worsens immunosuppression by enhancing the activity of immune cells called T regulatory cells. TGF beta also reduces immune proteins, further decreasing immune activity in patients

Galunisertib is currently under investigation as an oral treatment for advanced/metastatic malignancies, including Phase 2 evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), glioblastoma, and pancreatic cancer.

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/US7872020

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of 2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl-5,6-dihydro-4H -pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole monohydrate

Step 1: Preparation of 6-cyano-4-methyl-quinoline hydrochloride

Add 95% ethanol (EtOH) (270 L, 9 vol.), 4-aminobenzonitrile (30.0 kg, 1 equiv) and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, (66.81 kg 1.07 equiv) to a 200 gallon reaction vessel equipped with nitrogen purge, condenser, thermocouple, and overhead agitation. Stir for 2-5 min, then add concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) (62.56 L, 3.0 equiv), then heat to 75° C. Dilute methyl vinylketone (33.06 L, 1.5 equiv) in 95% EtOH (30 L, 1 vol.) then add slowly to reaction mixture over 30 min. Monitor for reaction completion by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Add tetrahydrofuran (THF) (11 vol., 330 L), at 75° C., then stir for 1 hour at 60° C. Cool to room temperature and stir for 1 additional hour. Filter on agitated filter/dryer, then rinse with THF (240 L, 8 volumes). Dry overnight under vacuum at 70° C. to give the title compound (42.9 kg, 82.55%).

¹H NMR (DMSO d6): δ=9.047 ppm (d, 4.4 Hz, 1H); 8.865 ppm (d, 1.6 Hz, 1H); 8.262 ppm (d, 8.8 Hz, 1H); 8.170 ppm (dd, 2.2 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H); 7.716 ppm (d, 4.4 Hz, 1H); 2.824 ppm (s, 3H). MS ES+: 169.1; Exact: 168.07.

Step 2: Preparation of 2-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl)-1-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone

Combine the 6-cyano-4-methyl-quinoline (28 kg) and THF (9.5 vol.) and cool to 5° C. Add sodium t-butoxide solid (3.3 equiv.) in portions to the cooled slurry to keep the batch temperature ≦25° C. Stir the resulting mixture at 20° C. for 30 min. To a separate vessel, charge with liquid 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, methyl ester (1.5 equiv.) and dilute with THF (2.0 vols.). The 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, methyl ester solution is slowly added (20-40 min) while maintaining a temperature of ≦25° C. Stir the reaction mixture for 2 hours at 20° C. and monitor by HPLC/TLC (thin layer chromatography on silica gel) to confirm reaction completion. In a separate vessel, dilute 1.03 kg conc. HCl per kg of 2-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl)-1-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone with 7.7 vol water. Cool both the reaction mixture and the HCl solution to 5° C. Perform a pH adjustment on the reaction mixture by the slow addition of the acid solution, keeping the temperature <15° C. Acid solution is added until the pH of the mixture is 8.0-9.0. After the pH endpoint is obtained, extract the mixture with ethyl acetate (7 vol.). Wash the organic layer with an aqueous sodium chloride/sodium bicarbonate solution [0.78 kg sodium chloride per kg of 2-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl)-1-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl) -ethanone, and 0.20 kg of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) per kg of 2-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl)-1-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone in 6.6 vol.]. Distill the organic layer at one atmosphere to remove THF and ethylacetate (EA) until 5 vol. of concentrated solution remains. Using methanol (10 vol.) perform a solvent exchange to methanol using a constant add/distill operation while maintaining 5 vol. Add warm methanol (MeOH) (10 vol. @ 60° C.). Cool the solution to 50° C., then add seed crystals obtained by Preparation 2. Cool the mixture gradually to 5° C., stir for 1 hour, and filter. Wash the product cake with chilled methanol (5 vols. @ 5° C.) and dry under vacuum at 40° C. until a loss on drying (LOD) specification of <1% is satisfied. Gives the title compound (31.6 kg, 81%).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ=8.978 ppm (d, 4.4 Hz, 1H); 8.627 ppm (d, 1.6 Hz, 1H); 8.199 ppm (d, 8.8 Hz, 1H); 7.874 ppm (d, 7.7 Hz, 1H); 7.837 ppm (dd, 2.2 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H); 7.759 ppm (t, 7.7 Hz, 1H); 7.546 ppm (d, 4.4 Hz, 1H); 7.416 ppm (d, 7.7 Hz, 1H); 5.036 ppm (s, 2H); 2.720 ppm (s, 3H). MS ES+: 288.1; Exact: 287.11.

Step 3a: Preparation of 1-(amino)-2-pyrrolidinone, p-toluene sulfonate

Combine 1-[(Diphenylmethylene)amino]-2-pyrrolidinone (35.36 g, 134 mmoles) with 15 volumes of toluene (530 mL) in a 1 L reaction flask, add 1 equiv of water (2.43 g, 134.9 mmoles) and heat to 40° C. Add 1 equiv of p-toluensulfonic acid monohydrate (25.978 g, 133.8 mmoles). Monitor reaction by TLC, then cool to 20-25° C. Filter the slurry and rinse the filter cake with 3 volumes of toluene (105 mL). Dry to a constant weight in a vacuum dryer at 50° C. to give the title compound (36.14 g, 99.2%).

¹H NMR (DMSO): δ=7.472 ppm (dt, 8.2 Hz, 1.9Hz, 2H); 7.112 ppm (m, 2H); 3.472 ppm (t, 7.0 Hz, 2H); 2.303 ppm (m, 5H); 2.012 ppm (m, 2H). MS: ES+=179; 157. ES−=171. Exact: 272.08.

Step 3b and 3c: Preparation of Intermediates 1-[(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-2-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl) -ethylideneamino]-pyrrolidin-2-one and 3-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl)-2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl) -5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole

Into a 3-neck, 1 L flask equipped with mechanical stirring, a Dean-Stark condenser, thermocouple and N₂ purge charge 2-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl)-1-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl) -ethanone (25 g, 1 equiv), 1-(amino)-2-pyrrolidinone, p-toluene sulfonate (27.3 g, 1 equiv), dimethylformamide (DMF) (150 mL, 6 vol), toluene (250 mL, 10 vol) and 2,6-lutidine (26 mL, 1 vol). Heat the mixture to reflux and periodically remove water from the trap. Monitor the reaction by HPLC or TLC analysis (5% MeOH/methylene chloride, silica). After 4 hours, most of the ketone is converted into 1-[(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-2-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl)-ethylideneamino]-pyrrolidin-2-one as indicated by TLC.

Cool the reaction mixture to 50 to 55° C. and charge potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) (20.42 g, 1.66 equiv) into the reaction mixture over a couple of minutes and heat the reaction mixture back up to reflux. Continue to remove the water collected in the trap and monitor the reaction by HPLC for the disappearance of hydrazone. After completion of reaction distill off most of the toluene (total distillate is 350 mL) until the reaction mixture reaches a temperature of 145° C. Cool the reaction mixture to ˜30° C. and dilute with water (450 mL) and stir for 1.5 hours at room temperature (RT). Filter the formed product by filtration and rinse the cake with water 200 mL. After 1 hour under vacuum, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 70° C. to a consistent weight. The dried solid weighed 28.5 g, 93.2% yield and the purity by HPLC is 97%. The product is used as is in the next step.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ=9.018 ppm (d, 4.5 Hz, 1H); 8.233 ppm (d, 8.7 Hz, 1H); 8.198 ppm (dd, 0.5 Hz, 1.8 Hz, 1H); 7.808 ppm (dd, 1.8 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H); 7.483-7.444 ppm (m, 2H); 7.380 ppm (d, 7.9 Hz, 1H); 6.936 ppm (d, 7.6 Hz, 1H); 4.422 ppm (t, 7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.970-2897 ppm (m, 2H); 2.776 ppm (p, 7.2 Hz, 2H); 2.065 ppm (s, 3H). MS ES+: 352.4 Exact: 351.15.

Step 4: Preparation of 2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-(6-amido-quinolin-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole, monohydrate

Slurry 3-(6-cyano-quinolin-4-yl)-2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo [1,2-b]pyrazole (25.515 kg) and potassium carbonate (0.2 eq.) in 6 volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Add dilute hydrogen peroxide solution [35% hydrogen peroxide (1.25 eq.) to 0.5 volumes of purified water] to the slurry over 2-3.3 hours while maintaining the temperature between 20-38° C. Monitor the reaction by HPLC (1 hour). Add sodium sulfite (0.6 eq.) to 9.1 volumes of purified water. Add the product slurry to dilute sodium sulfite solution [sodium sulfite (0.6 eq.) in 9.1 volumes of purified water] while maintaining a temperature of 20-39° C., stir this slurry for 1-2 hours to ensure all remaining hydrogen peroxide is completely neutralized. Check for peroxide. Add 1.08 vol. of 32.1% HCl Food Grade to this slurry and stir for 20-30 min. Add activated charcoal (10% by wt.) to the solution and stir for 20-40 minutes. Filter the crude product (mostly monohydrate), rinsing the cake with purified water. Add 1.05 vol. of methanol to the filtrate. Add 5.5 vol. of 2N sodium hydroxide to the filtrate while maintaining a temperature of 20-30° C. Stir the slurry for 20-30 min. Ensure pH is >8.

Filter the slurry, and rinse the cake with purified water. Suspend the wet cake in 28 vol. of a 75%/25% acetone/purified water solution. Heat this slurry to reflux (60° C.) and stir for 30-45 minutes after the product dissolves. Filter the product solution. Start the distillation, and add milled seed when the pot temperature reaches 63° C. Continue distilling until the distillate volume is 50% of the initial volume. Cool the slurry to 20-25° C. over 90 minutes. Then cool the slurry to 0-5° C. over 30-40 minutes. Stir for 2-3 hours at 0-5° C. Filter the slurry and rinse the product cake on the filter with purified water. Dry the product under vacuum at 45° C. to furnish the title compound (25.4 kg, 90%). Water content by Karl Fischer of 4.6% in monohydrate. Theory: 4.65%.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ=9.0 ppm (d, 4.4 Hz, 1H); 8.23-8.19 ppm (m, 2H); 8.315 ppm (dd, 1.9 Hz, 8.9 Hz, 1H); 7.455 ppm (d, 4.4 Hz, 1H); 7.364 ppm (t, 7.7 Hz, 1H); 7.086 ppm (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H); 6.969 ppm (d, 7.7 Hz, 1H); 6.022 ppm (m, 1H); 5.497 ppm (m, 1H); 4.419 ppm (t, 7.3 Hz, 2H); 2.999 ppm (m, 2H); 2.770 ppm (p, 7.2 Hz, 7.4 Hz, 2H); 2.306 ppm (s, 3H); 1.817 ppm (m, 2H). MS ES+: 370.2; Exact: 369.16.

Alternatively, the monohydrate of the present invention can be prepared by recrystallization of 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H -pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole.

EXAMPLE 2 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo [1,2-b]pyrazole monohydrate

Suspend 2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo [1,2-b]pyrazole in 28 vol. of a 75%/25% acetone/purified water solution. Heat this slurry to reflux (60° C.) and stir for 30-45 minutes after the product dissolves. Filter the product solution. Start the distillation, and add milled seed when the pot temperature reaches 63° C. Continue distilling until the distillate volume is 50% of the initial volume. Cool the slurry to 20-25° C. over 90 minutes. Then cool the slurry to 0-5° C. over 30-40 minutes. Stir for 2-3 hours at 0-5° C. Filter the slurry and rinse the product cake on the filter with purified water. Dry the product under vacuum at 45° C. to furnish the title compound. The reaction yield is >80%. Product purity is >98% with low total related substances.

Alternatively, the monohydrate of the present invention can be prepared by reslurrying of 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H -pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole.

EXAMPLE 3 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo [1,2-b]pyrazole monohydrate

Prepare 2-(6-Methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl-5,6-dihydro-4H -pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole monohydrate by stirring the compound or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in 10 volumes of water at room temperature for 1-2 hours, filtering, and drying at 45° C. under vacuum.

PATENT

WO 2004048382

The disclosed invention also relates to the select compound of Formula II:

Formula II

2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yI)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[l,2- bjpyrazole and the phannaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compound above is genetically disclosed and claimed in PCT patent application PCT/US02/11884, filed 13 May 2002, which claims priority from U.S. patent application U. S . S .N. 60/293 ,464, filed 24 May 2001 , and incorporated herein by reference. The above compound has been selected for having a surprisingly superior toxicology profile over the compounds specifically disclosed in application cited above.

The following scheme illustrates the preparation of the compound of Formula II.

Scheme II

Cs₂C0₃

The following examples further illustrate the preparation of the compounds of this invention as shown schematically in Schemes I and II. Example 1

Preparation of 7-(2-morpholin-4-yI-ethoxy)-4-(2-pyridin-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-4H- pyrroIo[l,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl)-q inoline

A. Preparation of 4-(2-pyridin-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[l,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl)- 7-[2-(tetrahydropyran-2-yIoxy)ethoxy]quinoIine

Heat 4-(2-pyridm-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[l,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl)-quinolin-7-ol (376 mg, 1.146 mmol), cesium carbonate (826 mg, 2.54 mmol), and 2-(2- bromoethoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (380 μL, 2.52 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) at 120 °C for 4 hours. Quench the reaction with saturated sodium chloride and then extract with chloroform. Dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate and concentrate in vacuo. Purify the reaction mixture on a silica gel column eluting with dichloromethane to 10% methanol in dichloromethane to give the desired subtitled intermediate as a yellow oil (424 mg, 81%). MS ES⁺m/e 457.0 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 2

Preparation of 2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[l,2- b]pyrazole

A. Preparation of 6-bromo-4-methyI-quinoline

Stir a solution of 4-bromo-phenylamine (1 eq), in 1,4-dioxane and cool to approximately 12 °C. Slowly add sulfuric acid (2 eq) and heat at reflux. Add methyl vinyl ketone (1.5 eq) drop wise into the refluxing solution. Heat the solution for 1 hour after addition is complete. Evaporate the reaction solution to dryness and dissolve in methylene chloride. Adjust the solution to pH 8 with 1 M sodium carbonate and extract three times with water. Chromatograph the residue on SiO (70/30 hexane/ethyl acetate) to obtain the desired subtitled inteπnediate. MS ES+ m e = 158.2 (M+l). B. Preparation of 6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Suspend 6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (10 g, 72.9 mmol) in methylene chloride (200 mL). Cool to 0 °C. Add methanol (10 mL), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (11.6 g, 94.8 mmol), and l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)

(18.2 g, 94.8 mmol). Stir the mixture at room temperature for 6 hours, wash with water and brine, and dry over sodium sulfate. Filter the mixture and concentrate in vacuo.

Chromatograph the residue on SiO₂ (50% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to obtain the desired subtitled intermediate, 9.66 g (92%), as a colorless liquid. 1H NMR (CDC1₃) 6 7.93-7.88 (m, IH), 7.75-7.7 (m, IH), 7.35-7.3 (m, IH), 4.00 (s, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H).

C. Preparation of 2-(6-bromo-quinoIin-4-yl)-l-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone Dissolve 6-bromo-4-methyl-quinoline (38.5 g, 153 mmol) in 600 mL dry THF.

Cool to -70° C and treat with the dropwise addition of 0.5 M potassium hexamethyldisilazane (KN(SiMe )₂ (400 mL, 200 mmol) over 2 hours while keeping the temperature below -65 °C. Stir the resultant solution at -70°C for 1 hour and add a solution of 6-methylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (27.2, 180 mmol) in 100 mL dry THF dropwise over 15 minutes. During the addition, the mixture will turn from dark red to pea-green and form a precipitate. Stir the mixture at -70°C over 2 hours then allow it to warm to ambient temperature with stirring for 5 hours. Cool the mixture then quench with 12 N HC1 to pH=l . Raise the pH to 9 with solid potassium carbonate. Decant the solution from the solids and extract twice with 200 mL ethyl acetate. Combine the organic extracts, wash with water and dry over potassium carbonate. Stir the solids in 200 mL water and 200 mL ethyl acetate and treat with additional potassium carbonate. Separate the organic portion and dry with the previous ethyl acetate extracts. Concentrate the solution in vacuo to a dark oil. Pass the oil through a 300 mL silica plug with methylene chloride then ethyl acetate. Combine the appropriate fractions and concentrate in vacuo to yield an amber oil. Rinse the oil down the sides of the flask with methylene chloride then dilute with hexane while swirling the flask to yield 38.5 g (73.8 %) of the desired subtitled intermediate as a yellow solid. MS ES+ = 341 (M+l)v D. Preparation of l-[2-(6-bromo-quinolin-4-yI)-l-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)- ethylideneamino]-pyrrolidin-2-one

Stir a mixture of 2-(6-bromo-quinolin-4-yl)-l-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone (38.5 g, 113 mmol) and 1-aminopyrrolidinone hydrochloride (20 g, 147 mmol) in 115 mL pyridine at ambient temperature for 10 hours. Add about 50 g 4 A unactivated sieves. Continue stirring an additional 13 h and add 10-15 g silica and filter the mixture through a 50 g silica plug. Elute the silica plug with 3 L ethyl acetate. Combine the filtrates and concentrate in vacuo. Collect the hydrazone precipitate by filtration and suction dry to yield 33.3 g (69.7%) of the desired subtitled intermediate as an off-white solid. MS ES⁺ = 423 (M+l).

E. Preparation of 6-bromo-4-[2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yι)-5,6-dihydro-4H- pyrrolo[l,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl]-quinoline

To a mixture of (1.2 eq.) cesium carbonate and l-[2-(6-bromo-qumolin-4-yl)-l- (6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethylideneamino]-pyrrolidin-2-one (33.3 g, 78.7 mmol) add 300 mL dry N,N-dimethylformamide. Stir the mixture 20 hours at 100°C. The mixture may turn dark during the reaction. Remove the N,N-dimethylformamide in vacuo. Partition the residue between water and methylene chloride. Extract the aqueous portion with additional methylene chloride. Filter the organic solutions through a 300 mL silica plug, eluting with 1.5 L methylene chloride, 1.5 L ethyl acetate and 1.5 L acetone. Combine the appropriate fractions and concentrate in vacuo. Collect the resulting precipitate by filtration to yield 22.7 g (71.2%) of the desired subtitled intermediate as an off-white solid. MS ES⁺ = 405 (M+l).

F. Preparation of 4-[2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[l,2- b]pyrazol-3-yl]-quinoline-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Add 6-bromo-4-[2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[l,2- b]pyrazol-3-yl]-quinoline (22.7 g, 45 mmol) to a mixture of sodium acetate (19 g, 230 mmol) and the palladium catalyst [1,1 ‘- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane (1:1) (850 mg, 1.04 mmol) in 130 mL methanol. Place the mixture under 50 psi carbon monoxide atmosphere and stir while warming to 90° C over 1 hour and with constant charging with additional carbon monoxide. Allow the mixture to cool over 8 hours, recharge again with carbon monoxide and heat to 90 °C. The pressure may rise to about 75 PSI. The reaction is complete in about an hour when the pressure is stable and tic (1 : 1 toluene/acetone) shows no remaining bromide. Partition the mixture between methylene chloride (600 mL) and water (1 L). Extract the aqueous portion with an additional portion of methylene chloride (400 mL.) Filter the organic solution through a 300 mL silica plug and wash with 500 mL methylene chloride, 1200 mL ethyl acetate and 1500 mL acetone. Discard the acetone portion. Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate to yield 18.8 g (87.4%) of the desired subtitled intermediate as a pink powder. MS ES⁺ = 385 (M+l).

G. Preparation of 2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-[6-amido-quinolin-4-yι)-5,6- dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[l,2-b]pyrazole

Warm a mixture of 4-[2-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[l,2- b]pyrazol-3-yl]-quinolme-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester in 60 mL 7 N ammonia in methanol to 90 °C in a stainless steel pressure vessel for 66 hours. The pressure will rise to about 80 PSI. Maintain the pressure for the duration of the reaction. Cool the vessel and concentrate the brown mixture in vacuo. Purify the residual solid on two 12 g Redi- Pak cartridges coupled in series eluting with acetone. Combine appropriate fractions and concentrate in vacuo. Suspend the resulting nearly white solid in methylene chloride, dilute with hexane, and filter. The collected off-white solid yields 1.104 g (63.8%) of the desired title product. MS ES⁺ = 370 (M+l).

PAPER

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op4003054

Application of Kinetic Modeling and Competitive Solvent Hydrolysis in the Development of a Highly Selective Hydrolysis of a Nitrile to an Amide

Abstract

A combination of mechanism-guided experimentation and kinetic modeling was used to develop a mild, selective, and robust hydroxide-promoted process for conversion of a nitrile to an amide using a substoichiometric amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide in a mixed water and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent system. The new process eliminated a major reaction impurity, minimized overhydrolysis of the product amide by selection of a solvent that would be sacrificially hydrolyzed, eliminated genotoxic impurities, and improved the intrinsic safety of the process by eliminating the use of hydrogen peroxide. The process was demonstrated in duplicate on a 90 kg scale, with 89% isolated yield and greater than 99.8% purity.

WO2002094833A1	13 May 2002	28 Nov 2002	Eli Lilly And Company	Novel pyrrole derivatives as pharmaceutical agents
WO2004048382A1	10 Nov 2003	10 Jun 2004	Eli Lilly And Company	Quinolinyl-pyrrolopyrazoles
WO2004048383A1	12 Nov 2003	10 Jun 2004	Eli Lilly And Company	Mixed lineage kinase modulators

REFERENCES

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References

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4539082/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26057634

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0242334

Bhattachar, Shobha N.; Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011, 100(11), 4756-4765 

Investigational new drugs (2015), 33(2), 357-70.

//////////TGF-β, TGF-βRI kinase inhibitor, ALK5, galunisertib, LY2157299, cancer, clinical trials, PHASE 3