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EIDD-2173, ATI-2173, Fosclevudine alafenamide

August 23, 2023 3:01 am / Leave a comment

EIDD-2173; also known as ATI-2173

Fosclevudine alafenamide

Phase 2

Molecular Weight	529.45
Formula	C₂₂H₂₉FN₃O₉P
CAS No.	1951476-79-1

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious disease that targets the liver resulting in either an acute infection, with symptoms arising in 45 to 160 days, or a chronic infection, which 350 million people worldwide are affected by. Estimates indicate that 600,000 deaths occur each year as a result of consequences related to HBV infection. HBV possesses a 3.2- kb relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) genome that is used to form covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in a host cell. The cccDNA is then transcribed by RNA polymerase II, a host DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, to produce pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). The pgRNA is then used by the virally encoded reverse transcriptase to form rcDNA. The goals of current treatments for chronic HBV infections are to reduce HBV replication and reduce liver damage.

Current treatments for chronic HBV infections include pegylated alpha interferon and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). NRTIs are converted to their corresponding 5 ‘-triphosphate, or diphosphate in the case of phosphonate containing NRTIs, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting the HBV encoded polymerase. Clevudine is an NRTI that is no longer being developed for the treatment of chronic HBV because of drug-related skeletal myopathy that was a result of mitochondrial dysfunction in patients.

Interestingly, clevudine triphosphate has been shown to be a competitive nonsubstrate inhibitor of the HBV encoded polymerase, and due to its long intracellular half-life, is able to suppress HBV replication for an extended period of time after drug withdrawal.

The discovery and synthesis of the (S,S) and (S,R) diastereomers of clevudine phosphoramidate has been previously reported. These studies were undertaken to address the myopathy concerns associated with clevudine. The phosphoramidate moiety was utilized to deliver clevudine, as its 5 ‘-monophosphate, to the liver reducing 1) systemic exposure to clevudine and 2) the possibility of skeletal myopathy. Both phosphoramidates showed anti-HBV activity similar to clevudine with the (S,S) diastereomer being slightly more potent.

SYN

See U.S. Patent No. 10,683,319.

PATENT

WO20 17223421

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2022256490&_gid=202333

EXAMPLE 11 :

[0374] Preparation of intermediate ATI-2173 from Compound-10.

[0375] Experimental Procedure

[0376] (H-l) Crude Compound-10 in THF (see Example 10) was divided into three aliquots and stirred with 2% HC1 aq. solution at pH 5-6, 4-5, and 3-4; for 16 h at 20-25 °C; the aliquots were combined and stirred at 15-20 °C for 72 h, with no degradation of ATI-2173 observed over the second time period;

[0377] (H-2) the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7 with 7% NaHCCh;

[0378] (H-3) phase separation was carried out using 2-MeTHF, the organic phase was washed with NA2SO4 aqueous soltion, then concentrated to 1-3 V, and MTBE (5 V) was added; this operation was repeated twice;

[0379] (H-5) ATI-2173 was precipitated gradually upon addition of seed crystal and addition of n-heptane (5 V);

[0380] (H-6) the product was filtered; and

[0381] (H-7) the wetcake was dried, resulting in ATI-2173 in 99.73a% purity and

84.4% yield.

[0382] EXAMPLE 12:

[0383] Crystallization of ATI-2173

[0384] Initial studies examined the use of single or mixed solvent systems to crystalize the amorphous product, ATI-2173. Several solvent conditions were screened, including single solvent and mixed solvent systems, in order to determine the potential for obtaining a crystalline material from the amorphous material. None of the solvents tested worked and all conditions produced an oil product. The results are shown below in Tables 8 and 9.

[0385] Table 8: Single Solvent Systems

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////////// EIDD-2173, ATI-2173, EIDD 2173, ATI 2173, Hepatitis B virus, ANTI HBV, Fosclevudine alafenamide, PHASE 2

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MAVORIXAFOR

April 19, 2023 3:14 am / Leave a comment

MAVORIXAFOR

AMD 070

N1-(1H-BENZIMIDAZOL-2-YLMETHYL)-N1-((S)-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROQUINOLIN-8-YL)-BUTANE-1,4-DIAMINE

fda approved 4/26/2024, To treat WHIM syndrome (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections and myelokathexis), Xolremdi

Mavorixafor (AMD-070) is a potent, selective and orally available CXCR4 antagonist, with an IC₅₀ value of 13 nM against CXCR4 ¹²⁵I-SDF binding, and also inhibits the replication of T-tropic HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain) in MT-4 cells and PBMCs with an IC₅₀ of 1 and 9 nM, respectively.

Molecular Weight	349.47
Appearance	Solid
Formula	C₂₁H₂₇N₅
CAS No.	558447-26-0
SMILES	NCCCCN(CC1=NC2=C(N1)C=CC=C2)[C@@H]3C4=C(CCC3)C=CC=N4

PHASE 2

Mavorixafor trihydrochloride

Molecular Weight	458.86
Appearance	Solid
Formula	C₂₁H₃₀Cl₃N₅
CAS No.	2309699-17-8
SMILES	[H]Cl.[H]Cl.[H]Cl.NCCCCN(CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1)[C@@H]3C4=NC=CC=C4CCC3

AMD-070 is a small molecule drug candidate that belongs to a new investigational class of anti-HIV drugs known as entry (fusion) inhibitors. Approximately 76% of HIV-patients with measurable viral load are infected with a strain of virus that is resistant to one or more classes of antiretroviral agents, thus reducing treatment options. Unlike many existing HIV drugs that target the virus after it has infected a healthy cell, AMD-070 blocks the virus from entering a healthy cell, thus preventing the replication process. AMD-070 targets the CXCR4 receptor on HIV and prevents the virus from entering and infecting healthy cells. AMD-070 is specific for the CXCR4 receptor and does not interact with any other chemokine receptors in vitro. AMD-070 strongly inhibits viral infection by all CXCR4 using virus (including virus using CXCR4 alone and/or virus using CXCR4 and CCR5) in vitro. AMD-070 is orally bioavailable in animals, it has suitable PK and toxicity profile for oral dosing. AMD-070 shows additive or synergistic effects in vitro in combination with other known anti-HIV agents. AMD-070 is active against CXCR4 using HIV strains that are resistant to existing antiretroviral therapies in vitro, reveals potent anti-HIV activity against CXCR4-using laboratory strains and clinical isolates. MD-070 had been in phase II clinical trials by Genzyme for the treatment of HIV infection. However, this research has been discontinued. AMD-070 has been studied in Phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of Renal cell carcinoma and Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of malignant melanoma and solid tumours.

PAPER

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00076

Org. Process Res. Dev. 2022, 26, 6, 1831–1836

A novel and practical synthesis of mavorixafor (1) is reported. The novelty of this synthetic route is the use of 8-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (9) and 1,4-diaminobutane as the materials, instead of 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (4) and N,N-diprotected aminobutyraldehyde (6a or 6b). The preparation of (S)-8-(4-aminobutylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (13) by resolution with N-acetyl-l-leucine was first achieved. Then the one-pot synthesis of 1 from 13 involving protection, condensation, and subsequent hydrolysis was successfully developed. In addition, the final product with a satisfactory purity (>99.5%, detected by both achiral and chiral HPLC) was obtained by a simple operation (salification) without column chromatographic purification.

NEW PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2023059903&_gid=202315

Scheme I

Mavorixafor

EXEMPLIFICATION

Example 1: Synthesis of Sulfonate adduct F-2d:

Scheme V:

1) AcOH, NaCI, water 1) Na ₂ S ₂ O ₅ , THF, water

2) n-Heptane, THF 2) THF/n-heptane, acetonitrile

Step 1C Step 1 D

Step 1A: Preparation of Dl

Charge diethyl-4-aminobutyl acetal (E) (1.00 wt, 1.00 eq) to vessel A. Charge acetonitrile (10.0 vol, 7.8 wt) and adjust temperature to 20°C. Heat the mixture to 40°C. Concentrate the reaction mixture to 6.0 vol under reduced pressure at 35 to 45°C.

[0098] Acetonitrile filler (5.0 vol, 3.9wt) at 35 to 45°C. Concentrate the reaction mixture to 6.0 vol under reduced pressure 35 to 45°C. This step is repeated once as described below.

[0099] Acetonitrile filler (5.0 vol, 3.9wt) at 35 to 45°C. Concentrate the reaction mixture to 6.0 vol under reduced pressure at 35 to 45°C. Cool to 20°C.

[00100] Charge di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.1 eq, 1.5 wt) to a drum, followed by acetonitrile (0.4 vol, 0.3 wt) and agitate until fully dissolved. Concentrate the reaction mixture to 6.0 vol under reduced pressure at 35 to 45°C.

[00101] Charge this di-tert-butyl dicarbonate solution in acetonitrile to vessel A maintaining 20°C. Charge acetonitrile (1.5 vol, 1.1 wt) to the solution as a line rinse and stir at 20°C for 30 to 60 min..

[00102] Charge 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.076 wt, 0.10 eq) to the vessel A at 20°C. Heat the solution to 40°C. Concentrate the reaction mixture to 5.0 vol under reduced pressure. Charge acetonitrile (5.0 vol, 3.9 wt) to the solution. Concentrate the reaction mixture to 5.0 vol under reduced pressure.

[00103] Take the resulting solution of Dl into next reaction without isolation.

Step IB: Preparation of Cl

[00104] Charge acetonitrile (2.0 vol, 1.6 wt) at 35 to 45°C to vessel A containing solution of D-1 from Step 1A.

[00105] Charge di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.4 eq, 1.9 wt) to a drum, followed by acetonitrile (10.0 vol, 7.8 wt) and agitate until fully dissolved. Charge this di-tert-butyl dicarbonate solution to vessel A, 2 to 6 h while distilling under vacuum at 35 to 45°C maintaining the volume of the reaction at 7.0 vol. Load acetonitrile (3.0 vol, 2.4 wt) over 20 to 40 min. as a line rinse while distilling under vacuum at 35 to 45°C, maintaining the volume of the reaction at 7.0 vol.

[00106] Charge di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, (0.14 eq, 0.19 wt) to a drum, followed by acetonitrile (1.0 vol, 0.74 wt) and agitate until fully dissolved. Charge this di-tert-butyl dicarbonate solution to vessel A over 20 to 40 min.. Charge acetonitrile (0.3 vol, 0.24 wt) over 10 to 20 min as a line rinse while distilling under vacuum at 35 to 45°C, maintaining the volume of the reaction at 7.0 vol.

[00107] Concentrate the reaction mixture to 5.0 vol distilling under vacuum at 35 to 45°C.

[00108] Charge n-heptane, (7.5 vol, 5.1 wt) to the reaction mixture, and concentrate the reaction mixture to 5.0 vol under reduced pressure at 40°C. This step is repeated once as described below.

[00109] Charge n-heptane, (7.5 vol, 5.1 wt) to the reaction mixture, and concentrate the reaction mixture to 5.0 vol under reduced pressure at 40°C.

[00110] Charge decolorizing, activated charcoal (0.2 wt) to the solution and stir for 1 to 2 h at 40°C. Filter the reaction mixture at 40°C. Charge n-heptane, (2.0 vol, 1.4 wt) to the reactor vessel and stir for 5 to 15 min. at 20°C before charging to the filter as a line rinse. Combine the filtrate and wash, and as required adjust to 20°C.

[00111] Take the resulting solution of Cl into next reaction without isolation.

Step 1C: Preparation of Bl

[00112] Charge 15% v/v acetic acid (2.0 vol) caution gas evolution, to vessel A containing solution of Cl from Step IB, maintaining the temperature at 20°C and stir for 10 min. at 20°C. Allow the phases to separate for 15 min. at 20°C. Discharge the aqueous phase to waste, retaining the organic phase in vessel A. This step is repeated once as described below.

[00113] Charge 15% v/v acetic acid (2.0 vol) maintaining 20°C and stir for 10 min. at 20°C. Allow the phases to separate for 15 min. at 20°C. Discharge the aqueous phase to waste, retaining the organic phase in vessel A.

[00114] Adjust the reaction to 30°C. Charge 4% w/w sodium chloride solution (2.1 vol) to the vessel maintaining the temperature at 30°C. Charge glacial acetic acid (4.1 vol, 4.3 wt) to the vessel maintaining 30°C. Stir the reaction mixture for 2 h maintaining the temperature at 30°C.

[00115] Charge purified water, (6.0 vol) at 30°C. Stir the contents for 5 to 10 min. at 30°C, and separate the phases, retaining the upper organic phase in vessel A. Charge the lower aqueous phase to vessel B.

[00116] Charge purified water (4.0 vol) at 30°C and stir for 5 to 10 min. maintaining the temperature at 30°C. Separate the phases at 30°C, retaining the upper organic phase in vessel A. Charge the lower aqueous phase to vessel B.

[00117] Adjust the temperature to 30°C of vessel B containing combined aqueous phases. Charge n-heptane, (2.0 vol, 1.4 wt) to vessel B and stir for 5 to 10 min. maintaining the temperature at 30°C. Separate the phases at 30°C, over 15 min.. Charge the upper organic phase to vessel A and recharge the lower aqueous phase to vessel B. This step is repeated two additional times as described below.

[00118] Charge n-heptane, (2.0 vol, 1.4 wt) to vessel B and stir for 5 to 10 min. maintaining the temperature at 30°C. Separate the phases at 30°C, over 15 min.. Charge the upper organic phase to vessel A and recharge the lower aqueous phase to vessel B.

[00119] Charge n-heptane, (2.0 vol, 1.4 wt) to vessel B and stir for 5 to 10 min. maintaining the temperature at 30°C. Separate the phases at 30°C, over 15 min., discharge the lower aqueous phase to waste and charge the upper organic layer to vessel A.

[00120] Concentrate the combined organic phases in vessel A to 3.0 vol at 10 to 20°C under reduced pressure. Offload the solution to new HDPE drum(s) and line rinse with n-heptane (0.5

vol, 0.4 wt) at 20°C. Homogenize the drum and store as “Bl solution in n-heptane,” and take into next reaction without isolation.

Step ID: Preparation of F-2d

[00121] Calculate a new 1.00 wt based on the above assay.

[00122] Charge “Bl solution in n-heptane” from Step 1C (1.00 wt, 1.00 eq, corrected for w/w assay, ca. 3.0 vol), into an appropriate vessel. THF load (3.0 vol, 2.7 wt). Heat the reaction mixture to 40°C.

[00123] Charge purified water, (0.02 vol, 0.02 wt) followed by sodium metabisulphite, (0.125 eq, 0.08 wt) as a solid via the charge hole at 40°C. Stir the resulting mixture for 30 to 35 min. at 40°C. This step was repeated four additional times to add the reagent in five portions total, as detailed below.

[00124] Charge purified water, (0.02 vol, 0.02 wt) followed by sodium metabisulphite, (0.125 eq, 0.08 wt) as a solid via the charge hole at 40°C. Stir the resulting mixture for 30 to 35 min. at 40°C.

[00125] Charge purified water, (0.02 vol, 0.02 wt) followed by sodium metabisulphite, (0.125 eq, 0.08 wt) as a solid via the charge hole at 40°C. Stir the resulting mixture for 30 to 35 min. at 40°C.

[00126] Charge purified water, (0.02 vol, 0.02 wt) followed by sodium metabisulphite, (0.125 eq, 0.08 wt) as a solid via the charge hole at 40°C. Stir the resulting mixture for 30 to 35 min. at 40°C.

[00127] Charge purified water, (0.02 vol, 0.02 wt) followed by sodium metabisulphite, (0.125 eq, 0.08 wt) as a solid via the charge hole at 40°C. Stir the resulting mixture for 36 hours at 40°C.

[00128] Cool the reaction mixture to 20°C over 3 to 4 h at a target constant rate. Filter the reaction mixture at 20°C on a 1-2 pm cloth.

[00129] Wash the solid with a pre-mixed mixture of THF (0.5 vol, 0.5 wt) and n-heptane (0.5 vol, 0.3 wt) maintaining the temperature at 20°C. This step was repeated an additional three times, as detailed below.

[00130] Wash the solid with n-heptane, (2.0 vol, 1.4 wt) as a line rinse and apply to the filtercake at 20°C.

[00131] Wash the solid with n-heptane, (2.0 vol, 1.4 wt) as a line rinse and apply to the filtercake at 20°C.

[00132] Wash the solid with acetonitrile, (2.0 vol, 1.6 wt) as a line rinse and apply to the filtercake at 20°C.

[00133] Dry the solid at 38°C under a flow of nitrogen for 12 h.

[00134] Determine residual solvent content. Pass criteria acetonitrile <2.0% w/w, n-heptane <2.0% w/w and tetrahydrofuran <2.0% w/w.

[00135] Yield of compound F-2d: 52-69%.

[00136] ‘H NMR (400 MHz, d ₆ -DMSO): 8 5.22 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 3.45 (t, 2H), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 20H) ). ¹³ C NMR (400 MHz, d ₆ -DMSO): 8 152.6, 83.2, 82.0, 46.5, 29.6, 28.1, 26.0. FTIR (wavenumber, cm’ ¹ ) 3294, 1721, 1738, 1367, 1233, 1180, 1135, 1109, 1045.

Example 2: Synthesis of F-3a:

Scheme VI:

Step 2A: Preparation of Gl

[00137] Charge J, (1.00 wt, 1.00 eq) to vessel A. Charge purified water, (1.0 vol, 1.0 wt) to vessel A and as necessary adjust the temperature to 20°C. Charge concentrated hydrochloric acid, (4.0 eq, 3.0 vol, 3.6 wt) to vessel A maintaining the temperature at 20°C. Line rinse with purified water, (0.5 vol, 0.5 wt) maintaining the contents of vessel A at 15 to 25°C.

[00138] Charge chloroacetic acid, (1.3 wt, 1.5 eq) and purified water, (1.0 vol, 1.0 wt) to vessel B and as necessary, adjust the temperature to 20°C. Stir until fully dissolved, expected 10 to 20 min.

[00139] Charge the chloroacetic acid solution to vessel A maintaining the temperature of vessel A at 20°C. Line rinse vessel A with purified water, (0.5 vol, 0.5 wt) at 15 to 25°C and charge to vessel B at 20°C. Heat the reaction mixture to 80°C. Stir the reaction mixture at 80°C for 20 h.

[00140] Cool the reaction mixture to 10°C over 1.5 h. Load 47% w/w potassium phosphate solution (6.0 vol) over 60 min. targeting a constant rate maintaining 10°C. Adjust the pH of the reaction mixture by charging 47% w/w potassium phosphate solution to pH 7.0 maintaining the reaction temperature at 10°C. Expected charge is 2.0 to 3.5 vol 47% w/w potassium phosphate solution.

[00141] Stir the slurry for >30 min. maintaining 10°C and rechecking the pH, pass criterion pH 7.0. Filter the reaction mixture through 20 pm cloth at 10°C. Wash the filter-cake with purified water, (1.0 vol, 1.0 wt) at 10°C. This step is repeated additional three times as described below.

[00142] Slurry wash the filter-cake in the reactor vessel with purified water, (10.0 vol, 10.0 wt) for 45 min. to 90 min. at 10°C. Filter the mixture through 20 pm cloth at 10°C.

[00143] Slurry wash the filter-cake in the reactor vessel with purified water, (10.0 vol, 10.0 wt) for 45 min. to 90 min. at 10°C. Filter the mixture through 20 pm cloth at 10°C.

[00144] Slurry wash the filter-cake in the reactor vessel with purified water, (10.0 vol, 10.0 wt) for 45 min. to 90 min. at 10°C. Filter the mixture through 20 pm cloth at 10°C.

[00145] Wash the filter-cake with purified water, (1.0 vol, 1.0 wt) at 10°C. The filter-cake was washed with purified water additional five times as described below.

[00146] Wash the filter-cake with purified water, (1.0 vol, 1.0 wt) at 10°C.

[00147] Wash the filter-cake with acetonitrile, (2×1.3 vol, 2×1.0 wt) at 10°C.

[00148] Dry the filter-cake on the filter under vacuum and strong nitrogen flow through the filter cake at 20°C until the water content is <15.0% w/w by Karl-Fisher analysis.

[00149] Dry the filter-cake on the filter under vacuum and strong nitrogen flow through the filter cake at 30°C until the water content is <5.0% w/w by Karl-Fisher analysis.

[00150] Dry the filter-cake on the filter under vacuum and strong nitrogen flow through the filter cake at 50°C until the water content is <1.0% w/w by Karl-Fisher analysis.

[00151] Yield of compound Gl: about 75%.

Step 2B: Preparation of F-3a

Charge di-/c/7-butyl dicarbonate, (1.85 wt, 1.4 eq) to vessel A followed by N,N-dimethylformamide, (2.6 wt, 2.7 vol) and stir at 20°C for 20 min. until dissolution achieved. Add A,A-diisopropylethylamine, (0.08 wt, 0.11 vol, 0.1 eq) to contents of vessel A at 20°C. Heat the contents of vessel A to 40°C.

[00153] Charge Gl, (1.00 wt) to vessel B followed by YW-di methyl form am ide, (5.2 wt, 5.5 vol) and adjust to 14°C.

[00154] Charge the Gl/DMF solution from vessel B to vessel A over 5 h at 40°C, at an approximately constant rate. Line rinse with Y,Y-di methyl form am ide, (0.4 wt, 0.4 vol), maintaining vessel A at 40°C. Stir the resulting reaction mixture at 40°C for 16 h.

[00155] Charge decolorizing charcoal activated, (0.20 wt). Adjust the mixture to 40°C and stir at 40°C for 60 to 90 min..

[00156] Clarify (filter) the reaction mixture into vessel B at 40°C. Charge N,N-dimethylformamide, (0.9 wt, 1.0 vol) via vessel A and filter at 40°C. Charge purified water, (3.5 vol) to the combined filtrates, over 60 min., maintaining the temperature at 40°C. As required, cool the mixture to 35°C over 30 to 60 min..

[00157] Filler F-3a, (0.02 wt) as seed material at 35°C. Stir at 34°C for 1.5 h then check for crystallization. Cool slurry to 30°C over 40 min.

[00158] Filler F-3a, (0.02 wt) as seed material at 30°C. Stir at 30°C for 1.5 h then check for crystallization.

[00159] Cool slurry at 20°C over 3.5 h at a targeted constant rate. Stir at 20°C for 3 hours. Charge purified water, (1.0 vol), maintaining the temperature at 20°C over 60 min..

Stir at 20°C for 3 hours.

[00160] Cool slurry to 2°C over 2.5 h. Stir at 2°C for 2.5 hours. Filter through 20 pm cloth and pull dry until no further filtrate passes. Wash the solid with pre-mixed Y,Y-di methyl form am ide / purified water, (2.0 vol, 1:2 v:v) at 2°C. Wash the solid with purified water, (2 x 3.0 vol) at 2°C. Dry under vacuum at 28°C until KF <0.2% w/w, and Y,Y-di methyl form am ide <0.4% w/w.

[00161] Yield of compound F-3a: 62-70%.

Example 3: Synthesis of Mavorixafor:

Scheme VI:

nce

Step 3A: Preparation of imine Q-1

[00162] To vessel A charge purified water, (8.7 vol, 8.7 wt) followed by potassium phosphate, (5.52 eq, 5.3 wt) portion-wise and cool to 15°C. Charge tetrahydrofuran, (4.3 vol, 3.8 wt) and n-heptane, (2.2 vol, 1.5 wt) to vessel A and cool the biphasic mixture to 0°C. Charge Fl, (1.00 eq, 1.00 wt) to the vessel in 2 portions maintaining 0°C.

[00163] Charge F-2d, (1.10 eq, 1.95 wt) to the vessel in 4 portions maintaining 0°C, ensuring portions are spaced by 10 min.. Stir the resulting biphasic mixture for 1.5 h at 0°C. Allow the layers to separate for 45 min. at 0°C before separating the layers. Retain the upper organic phase within vessel A.

[00164] Take the resulting solution of Ql into next reaction without isolation.

Step 3B: Preparation of amine P-1

[00165] To vessel B, charge tetrahydrofuran, (6.0 vol, 5.3 wt) and adjust to 15°C. Charge zinc chloride, (1.5 eq, 0.92 wt) to vessel B in 4 portions, maintaining 10 to 30°C. Adjust the reaction mixture in vessel B to 15°C. Stir the mixture at 15°C for 1 hour. Charge sodium borohydride,(1.0 eq, 0.17 wt) to vessel B in 2 portions maintaining 15°C. Cool the reaction mixture in vessel B to 15°C. Stir the mixture for 1 hour maintaining 15°C. Cool the reaction mixture in vessel B to -5°C.

[00166] Cool the retained organic solution of Ql in vessel A, from Step 3A, to -5°C.

[00167] Charge the organic solution in vessel A into vessel B over 1 to 2 h maintaining -5°C. Charge tetrahydrofuran, (1.0 vol, 0.9 wt) to vessel A as a line rinse and adjust to -5°C. Transfer the contents of vessel A to vessel B maintaining -5°C.

[00168] Stir the resulting reaction mixture in vessel B for 1.5 h maintaining -5°C.

[00169] Charge purified water, (4.5 vol, 4.5 wt) and glacial acetic acid, (1.0 eq, 0.27 wt, 0.26 vol) to the cleaned vessel A and cool to 0°C. Charge the contents of vessel B to vessel A over 1 to 2 h maintaining 0°C. Charge tetrahydrofuran, (1.0 vol, 0.9 wt) to vessel B as a vessel rinse, cool to 0°C and transfer to vessel A maintaining 0°C.

[00170] Warm the resulting mixture in vessel A to 30°C. Stir the resulting mixture in vessel A at 30°C for 1 h. Allow the layers to settle for 15 min. at 30°C before separating the layers. Retain the upper organic phase.

[00171] Cool the retained organic phase to 15°C. Charge to the vessel 25% w/w ammonia solution (3.0 vol) at 10 to 30°C. Cool the reaction mixture to 20°C. Charge to the vessel 25% w/w ammonium chloride solution (3.0 vol) at 20°C and stir for 1 h. Separate the layers for 15 min. at 20°C, retain the upper organic phase. Wash the retained organic phase with 10% w/w sodium chloride solution (3.0 vol) at 20°C for 10 min.. Allow the layers to settle for 10 min. at 20°C before separating and retaining the upper organic phase within the vessel.

[00172] Charge tert-butyl methyl ether, (0.5 vol, 0.4 wt) to the organic phase. Cool the mixture to 5°C. Adjust the pH of the reaction mixture to pH 5 with hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (expected ca. 9.0 vol) over 1 h at a targeted constant rate at 5°C. Stir the mixture at 5°C for 45 min.. Measure the pH of the aqueous phase to confirm the value is pH 5.

[00173] Charge sodium chloride, (2.1 wt) to the reaction mixture at 5°C and stir the mixture until everything is dissolved. Adjust the temperature of the reaction mixture to 20°C. Separate the layers at 20°C and retain the organic phase within the vessel. Tetrahydrofuran charge, (1.5 vol, 1.3 wt) maintaining 20°C.

[00174] Charge to the vessel 24% w/w sodium chloride solution (7.5 vol) at 20°C and stir for 10 min.. Separate the layers at 20°C and retain the organic phase in the vessel. This step is repeated additional one more time as described below.

[00175] Charge to the vessel 24% w/w sodium chloride solution (7.5 vol) at 20°C and stir for 10 min.. Separate the layers at 20°C and retain the organic phase in the vessel.

[00176] Heat the retained organic phase to 35°C and concentrate the mixture to 6.0 vol under reduced pressure maintaining 35°C.

[00177] Tetrahydrofuran charge, (15.0 vol, 13.2 wt) maintaining 35°C. Concentrate the mixture to 6.0 vol under reduced pressure maintaining 35°C.

[00178] Tetrahydrofuran charge, (15.0 vol, 13.2 wt) maintaining 35°C. Concentrate the mixture to 11.0 vol under reduced pressure maintaining 35°C.

[00179] Cool the mixture to -5°C. Load tert-butyl methyl ether, (10.0 vol, 7.4 wt) over 1 h maintaining -5°C. Stir the mixture at -5°C for 1.5 hours. Filter the solid on 1 to 2 pm filter cloth at -5°C. Wash the solid with pre-mixed tetrahydrofuran, (1.9 vol, 1.7 wt) and tert-butyl methyl ether, (3.1 vol, 1.9 wt) at -5°C as a displacement wash.

[00180] Wash the solid with tert-butyl methyl ether, (5.0 vol, 3.7 wt) at -5°C.

[00181] Dry the solid on the filter under a flow of nitrogen at 23°C.

[00182] Yield of compound P-1: 76-87%.

Step 3C: Preparation of compound 0-1

[00183] Charge purified water, (2.0 vol, 2.0 wt) followed by potassium phosphate, (3.3 eq, 1.54 wt), carefully portion-wise, maintaining <15°C, to vessel A. Charge toluene, (4.5 vol, 3.9 wt) to the vessel maintaining <15°C. As necessary, adjust the temperature to 10°C.

[00184] Charge P-1, (1.00 eq, 1.00 wt) to the vessel in two portions maintaining 10°C. Stir the reaction mixture at 10°C for 15 min..

[00185] Load F-3a, (1.1 eq, 0.64 wt) in 4 equal portions ensuring portions are spaced by 10 min. at 10°C.

[00186] Tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) filler (0.20 eq, 0.16 wt). Heat the reaction mixture to 40°C. Stir the reaction mixture at 40°C for 30 h.

[00187] Charge pre-mixed 2-mercaptoacetic acid, (0.40 eq, 0.08 wt, 0.06 vol), and toluene, (0.5 vol, 0.4 wt) over 20 min. to Vessel A at 40°C. Line rinse with toluene, (0.5 vol, 0.4 wt) at 40°C. Adjust the temperature of the reaction mixture to 50°C. Stir the mixture at 50°C for 2.5 hours.

[00188] Adjust the temperature of Vessel A to 20°C. Charge purified water, (3.0 vol, 3.0 wt) maintaining 20°C. Stir the reaction mixture at 20°C for 15 min. and transfer to a new, clean HDPE container. Line/vessel rinse with toluene, (0.5 vol, 0.4 wt) at 20°C. Clarify (filter) the reaction mixture via a 1 pm filter at 20°C into clean Vessel A. Wash the vessel and the filter with toluene, (0.5 vol, 0.4 wt) at 20°C. Allow the layers to separate for 15 min. at 20°C, retaining the upper organic layer (organic layer 1).

[00189] Wash the aqueous layer with toluene, (2.5 vol, 2.2 wt) at 20°C for 15 min.. Allow the layers to separate for 15 min. at 20°C. Retain the upper organic layer (organic layer 2).

[00190] Combine the organic layer 1 and organic layer 2 and adjust the temperature to 20°C. Wash the combined organic layers with 10% w/w sodium chloride solution (5.0 vol) at 20°C for 15 min.. Allow the layers to settle for 15 min. at 20°C. Retain the upper organic layer.

[00191] Take the resulting solution of Ol into next reaction without isolation.

Step 3D: Preparation of compound Kl

[00192] Charge n-butanol, (2.4 wt, 3.0 vol) to vessel B and adjust to 5°C. Charge concentrated sulfuric acid, (1.1 wt, 5.0 eq, 0.6 vol) slowly to Vessel B maintaining <15°C. Line rinse with toluene, (0.4 wt, 0.5 vol) maintaining <15°C. Adjust the temperature of Vessel B to 25°C.

[00193] Heat the n-butanol/ sulfuric acid solution in Vessel B to 55°C. Charge the organic layer from Vessel A (from Step 3C) to the butanol/ sulfuric acid solution in Vessel B over 60 to 90 min. maintaining 55°C. Charge toluene, (1.3 wt, 1.5 vol) to Vessel A as a line rinse and transfer to Vessel B maintaining 55°C. Stir the contents of Vessel B at 55°C for 1.5 h.

[00194] Stir the mixture in Vessel B for 4.5 h at 55°C. Cool the contents of Vessel B to 20°C over 10 h. Filter the slurry over 1-2 pm filter cloth under nitrogen at 20°C. Wash the filter cake with pre-mixed toluene, (3.5 wt, 4.0 vol) and n-butanol, (1.0 vol, 0.8 wt) at 20°C. Wash the filter cake with toluene, (4.3 wt, 5.0 vol) at 20°C. Dry the solid at 30°C under vacuum.

[00195] Correct the output weight for assay. Expected 50-55% w/w.

[00196] Yield of compound K1: 89-92%.

Step 3E: Preparation of Mavorixafor Drug Substance

[00197] Charge Kl, (1.00 eq, 1.00 wt, corrected for HPLC assay) in vessel A followed by nitrogen-purged purified water, (2.0 wt, 2.0 vol) and if necessary, adjust the temperature to 20°C. Charge nitrogen-purged toluene, (12.0 wt, 14.0 vol) to the solution maintaining 20°C. Charge nitrogen-purged n-butanol, (0.8 wt, 1.0 vol) to the solution maintaining 20°C. Heat the biphasic mixture to 30°C. Charge nitrogen-purged 3.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (6.2 eq, 5.9 vol) maintaining 30°C. Check the pH (expected 12 to 13). Adjust the pH of the aqueous layer to pH 10.0 with nitrogen-purged 0.3 M sulfuric acid solution (expected up to 2.5 vol) maintaining 30°C. Stir the mixture at 30°C for 45 min..

[00198] Measure the pH to confirm the value is pH 10.0.

[00199] Allow the layers to settle at 30°C for 30 min. and separate the layers retaining the organic phase in the vessel, and discharge the aqueous layer into a separate container (container C).

[00200] Charge pre-mixed toluene, (4.1 wt, 4.7 vol) and n-butanol, (0.24 wt, 0.3 vol) to a separate vessel; heat the contents to 30°C and charge the aqueous layer from container C. As required adjust the temperature to 30°C and stir for 5 to 10 min. at 30°C. Allow the phases to separate for 10 to 15 min. at 30°C. Discharge the aqueous phase to waste and combine the organic phase to the organic phase in vessel A.

[00201] Charge nitrogen-purged purified water, (2.0 wt, 2.0 vol) to the organic layer maintaining the temperature at 30°C and stir for 5 to 10 min. at 30°C. Allow the phases to separate for 10 to 15 min. at 30°C. Discharge the aqueous phase to waste retaining the organic phase in the vessel. Heat the retained organic solution to 40°C. Concentrate the resulting organic phase to 7.0 vol by vacuum distillation at 40°C.

[00202] Charge nitrogen -purged toluene, (13.0 wt, 15.0 vol) to the mixture and concentrate the solution 7.0 vol by vacuum distillation at 40°C. This step is repeated additional one time as described below.

[00203] Charge nitrogen -purged toluene, (13.0 wt, 15.0 vol) to the mixture and concentrate the solution 7.0 vol by vacuum distillation at 40°C.

[00204] Charge nitrogen-purged toluene, (7.0 wt, 8.0 vol) to the mixture at 40°C, heat to 55°C and clarify the hot reaction mixture under nitrogen via a 1 pm filter.

[00205] Charge clarified nitrogen-purged toluene, (1.7 wt, 2.0 vol) to the mixture as a line and vessel rinse at 40°C. Concentrate the solution to 7.0 vol by vacuum distillation at 40°C. At the end of the distillation the product is expected to have precipitated. Heat the mixture to 63°C.

[00206] Adjust the temperature to 60.5°C. This batch will be referred to as the main batch.

[00207] Load seed material, (0.02 wt) to a new clean container. Charge clarified nitrogen-purged toluene, (0.09 wt, 0.10 vol) to this seed material and gently shake.

[00208] Seed the main batch with the slurry maintaining the temperature at 60.5 ± 2°C. Stir the reaction at the 60.5± 2°C for 1 hour.

[00209] Cool to 40°C for 2.5 h. Stir the reaction at 40°C for 1 hour.

[00210] Cool to 30°C over 2 h.. Stir the reaction at 30°C for 1 h.

[00211] Cool to 25°C 50 min. Stir the reaction at 25°C over 2 hours.

[00212] Cool to 2°C over 4 h. Stir the mixture for 12 hours at 2°C.

[00213] Filter the mixture at 2°C over 1 to 2 pm cloth. Wash the filter cake with clarified nitrogen-purged toluene, (2.0 vol, 1.7 wt) at 2°C. Dry the filter cake under vacuum and a flow of nitrogen for 1.5 h.

[00214] Dry the solid at 40°C under vacuum and a flow of nitrogen until drying specification is achieved.

[00215] Yield of the final compound mavorixafor: 72%.

[00216] When toluene is used as the recrystallization solvent, optionally with a dissolution aid such butanol or methanol, for maxorixa for recrystallization, advantages were found compared to using dichloromethane and isopropyl acetate. We have found that these solvents do not react with the API, and accordingly we believe that this change has caused the significant reduction of impurities A (imine), B (N-formyl) and C (acetamide) that we have observed.

[00217] In some embodiments, the mavorixafor composition included 7000, 6000, 5000, 4500, 4450, 4000, 3500, 3000, 2500, 2000, 1750, 1700, 1650, 1600, 1550, 1500, 1450, 1400, 1400, 1400, 1400 gold 50 ppm of toluene or less. In some embodiments, the mavorixafor composition comprises a detectable amount of toluene. In some embodiments, the mavorixafor composition comprises from a detectable amount of toluene to 1350 ppm of toluene.

////////

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Description	Mavorixafor (AMD-070) is a potent, selective and orally available CXCR4 antagonist, with an IC₅₀ value of 13 nM against CXCR4 ¹²⁵I-SDF binding, and also inhibits the replication of T-tropic HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain) in MT-4 cells and PBMCs with an IC₅₀ of 1 and 9 nM, respectively.
IC₅₀ & Target^[1]	¹²⁵I-SDF-CXCR413 nM (IC₅₀)HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain)1 nM (IC₅₀, in MT-4 cells)HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain)9 nM (IC₅₀, in PBMCs)HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain)3 nM (IC90, in MT-4 cells)HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain)26 nM (IC90, in PBMCs)
In Vitro	Mavorixafor (AMD-070) is a potent and orally available CXCR4 antagonist, with an IC₅₀ value of 13 nM against CXCR4 ¹²⁵I-SDF binding, and also inhibits the replication of T-tropic HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain) in MT-4 cells and PBMCs with an IC₅₀ of 1 and 9 nM, respectively. Mavorixafor (AMD-070) shows no effect on other chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2b, CCR4, CCR5, CXCR1, and CXCR2)^[1]. Mavorixafor (AMD-070) (6.6 µM) significantly suppresses the anchorage-dependent growth, the migration and matrigel invasion of the B88-SDF-1 cells^[2].MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
In Vivo	Mavorixafor (AMD-070) (2 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduces the number of metastatic lung nodules in mice, and lowers the expression of human Alu DNA in mice, without body weight loss^[2].MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial	NCT NumberSponsorConditionStart DatePhaseNCT00089466National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)\|AIDS Clinical Trials GroupHIV InfectionsNovember 2004Phase 1\|Phase 2NCT02667886X4 PharmaceuticalsClear Cell Renal Cell CarcinomaJanuary 2016Phase 1\|Phase 2NCT02823405X4 PharmaceuticalsMelanomaSeptember 15, 2016Phase 1NCT00361101Genzyme, a Sanofi Company\|SanofiHIV Infections\|X4 Tropic VirusOctober 2005Phase 1NCT03005327X4 PharmaceuticalsWHIM SyndromeDecember 2016Phase 2NCT04274738X4 PharmaceuticalsWaldenstrom´s MacroglobulinemiaApril 30, 2020Phase 1NCT04154488X4 PharmaceuticalsNeutropeniaOctober 16, 2020Phase 1NCT03995108X4 PharmaceuticalsWHIM SyndromeOctober 17, 2019Phase 3NCT05103917Abbisko Therapeutics Co, LtdTriple Negative Breast CancerJuly 21, 2021Phase 1\|Phase 2NCT00063804National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)\|AIDS Clinical Trials GroupHIV Infections Phase 1NCT02923531X4 PharmaceuticalsClear Cell Renal Cell CarcinomaDecember 7, 2016Phase 1\|Phase 2NCT02680782X4 Pharmaceuticals\|CovanceHealthyJanuary 12, 2016Phase 1

REF

[1]. Skerlj RT, et al. Discovery of novel small molecule orally bioavailable C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 antagonists that are potent inhibitors of T-tropic (X4) HIV-1 replication. J Med Chem. 2010 Apr 22;53(8):3376-88. [Content Brief][2]. Chow LN, et al. Impact of a CXCL12/CXCR4 Antagonist in Bleomycin (BLM) Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis and Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 21;11(3):e0151765. [Content Brief][3]. Uchida D, et al. Effect of a novel orally bioavailable CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD070, on the metastasis of oral cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2018 Jul;40(1):303-308. [Content Brief]

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////MAVORIXAFOR, AMD 070, PHASE 2

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SC-52458, FORASARTAN

January 14, 2023 3:24 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | Forasartan | C23H28N8

SC-52458, FORASARTAN

Molecular FormulaC₂₃H₂₈N₈
Average mass416.522 Da

PHASE 2, PFIZER, HYPERTENSION

145216-43-9[RN]

5-[(3,5-Dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]pyridine

5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-[2-(2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]pyridine

форасартан[Russian][INN], فوراسارتان[Arabic][INN], 福拉沙坦[Chinese][INN]

065F7WPT0B[DBID]

7415[DBID]

UNII-065F7WPT0B[DBID]

SC 52458[DBID]

Type-1 angiotensin II receptor

Forasartan, otherwise known as the compound SC-52458, is a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB, AT₁ receptor blocker).^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Forasartan, a specific angiotensin II antagonist, is used alone or with other antihypertensive agents to treat hypertension. Forasartan competes with angiotensin II for binding at the AT1 receptor subtype. As angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which also stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone, blockage of its effects results in a decreases in systemic vascular resistance.

Indications

Forasartan is indicated for the treatment of hypertension^[6] and, similar to other ARBs, it protects the kidneys from kidney blood vessel damage caused by increased kidney blood pressure by blocking renin–angiotensin system activation.^[7]

Administration

Forasartan is administered in the active oral form ^[6] which means that it must go through first pass metabolism in the liver. The dose administered ranges between 150 mg-200 mg daily.^[6] Increasing to more than 200 mg daily does not offer significantly greater AT₁ receptor inhibition.^[6] Forasartan is absorbed quickly in the GI, and within an hour it becomes significantly biologically active.^[6] Peak plasma concentrations of the drug are reached within one hour.^[6]

Contraindications

Negative side effects of Forasartan are similar to other ARBs, and include hypotension and hyperkalemia.^[8] There are no drug interactions identified with forasartan.^[6]

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (1994), 4(1), 99-104

PATENT

EP508445

https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/024755845/publication/EP0508445A1?q=EP508445A1

PATENT

WO1992018092

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1992018092&_cid=P12-LCVD1B-78257-1

Example 2

2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yI)methyl]- 2-pyridinyl]benzoic acid

Step 1 : Preparation of 2-bromo-5-picoline .

A solution of 1500 mL (14 mol) of 48%
hydrobromic acid was cooled to 10 °C and 300 g (2.8 mol) of 2-amino-5-picoline (Aldrich) was added slowly. The
solution was maintained at or below 0 °C while 450 mL (8.8 mol) of bromime was added dropwise. After the bromine addition was complete, a solution of 500 g (7.3 mol) of sodium nitrite in 1000 mL of water was added slowly over 6 h. The reaction pH was adjusted by the careful addition of 1500 mL (56 mol) of 50% sodium hydroxide at such a rate that the temperature was maintained below 30 °C. The product precipitated from the nearly colorless reaction mixture; filtration gave 450 g (94%) of 2-bromo-5-picoline as a yellow powder: mp 38-40 °C; NMR 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.12 (br s, 1H).

Step 2 : Preparation of N-methyl-N-tertbutylbenzamide.

Under nitrogen, 96.7 g (1.1 mol) of N-methyl-N-tertbutylamine and 111 g (1.1 mol) of triethylamine was dissolved in 1050 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF).

The solution was cooled to 0 °C and treated with 140.6 σ (1.0 mol) of benzoyl chloride. The reaction was allowed to slowly warm to ambient temperature and stir overnight.
Filtration and subsequent concentration in vacuo of the filtrate gave the crude product which was purified by sublimation (65 °, 0.2 torr) to give 184 g (96%) of
colorless N-methyl-N-tertbutybenzamide: mp 80.5-82.0 °C; NMR (CDCI₃) δ1.52 (s, 9H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 7.34-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 2H).

Step 3 : Preparation of 2-(N-methyl-N-tertbutylcarboxamido)phenyIboronic acid.

Under nitrogen, a solution of 50.0 g (262 mmol) of N-methyl-N-tertbutylbenzamide from step 2 and 44 ml (2S2 mmol) of tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) in 3350 mL of anhydrous THF was cooled to -78 °C and slowly treated with 262 mmol of sec-butyllithium in cyclohexane. After 1 h at -78 °C, the reaction was treated with 45 mL (393 mmol) of trimethyl borate and allowed to slowly warm to ambient temperature overnight with stirring. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo; the residue was dissolved in IK sodium hydroxide and extracted with methylene chloride. The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to six with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with methylene chloride; the organic layer was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give 55.7 g (90%) of a 80:20 mixture of syn/anti isomers of 2-(N-methyl-N-tertbutylcarboxamido)phenyIboronic acid as a pale yellow glass: NMR (CDCI₃) δ 1.30 (s, syn C(CH₃)₃, 7.3H), 1.54 (s, anti 0(0.3)3, 1.7H), 2.81 (s, anti CH₃, 0.6H), 2.94 (s, syn CH₃, 2.4H), 7.29-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.95-8.01 (m, 1H).

step 4 : Preparation of N-methyl-N-tertbwtyl-2-(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)benzamide.

Under nitrogen, 4.44 g (25.8 mmcl) cf 2-bromo-5-picoline from step 1 in 60 mL of toluene was treated with 6.75 g (29 mmol) of 2- (N-methyl-N- tertbutylcarboxamido)phenyIboronic acid from step 3, 1.0 g of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium zero, 26 mL of ethanol, and 29 mL of 2M sodium carbonate; this mixture was heated to reflux and vigorously stirred for 24 h. The reaction was partitioned between water and ether; the organic layer was separated, dried (MgSθ₄), and
concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel
chromatography (Waters Prep-500A) using ethyl
acetate/hexane (1:2) gave 6.51 g (90%) of N-methyl-N- tertbutyl-2-(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)benzamide as an oil : NMR (CDCI₃) δ 1.40 (s, 9H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 7.27- 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.60- 7.66 (m, 1H), 8.43 (br s, 1H).

Step 5 : Preparation of sodium 2-(5-methyl-2- pyridinyl)benzoate.

Under nitrogen, 6.5 g (23 mmol) of N-methyl-N- tertbutyl-2-(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)benzamide from step 4 was treated with 65 mL of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at reflux for 6 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the residue dissolved in water. The pH was adjusted to 10 with aqueous sodium hydroxide and lyophilized to give the sodium salt of 2- (5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)benzoic acid as a colorless solid: NMR [CDCI₃/CF₃CO₂H (97:3)] δ 2.62 (s, 3H), 7.42-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.80 (m, 3H), 8.18-8.24 (m, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J=8 and 2 HZ, 1H), 7.67-7.80 (m, 3H), 8.18-8.24 (m, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J=8 and 2 Hz, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H) ; MS (FAB) m/e (rel intensity) 214 (20), 196 (100); HRMS.
Calc’d for M+H: 214.0868. Found: 214.0846.

step 6 : Preparation of ethyl 2-(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)benzoate.

Under nitrogen, the crude sodium salt from step 5 was suspended in 50 mL of chloroform and treated with 9 mL (103 mmol) of oxalyl chloride. The reaction was stirred for 72 h, filtered under nitrogen, and concentrated in vacuo; the residue was dissolved in absolute ethanol.
Concentration in vacuo gave 2.0 g (8 mmol) of ethyl 2-(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)benzoate as a brown oil: NMR (CDCI₃) δ 1.09 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 4.15 (q, J=7 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.80 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H).

Step 7 : Preparation of ethyl 2-(5-bromomethyl-2-pyridinyl)benzoate.

Under nitrogen, the crude ethyl 2-(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)benzoate from step 6 was treated with 1.7 g (9.5 mmol) of NBS and 160 mg (0.66 mmol) of benzoyl peroxide in 145 mL of anhydrous carbon tetrachloride at reflux for 2.5 h. The reaction was filtered under nitrogen and
concentrated in vacuo to give crude ethyl 2-(5-bromomethyl-2-pyridinyl)benzoate; no purification was attempted.

step 8 : Preparation of ethyl 2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H- 1 , 2 , 4-triazol-1 -yl )methy] 1 -2-pyridinyl ] benzoate .

Under nitrogen, 630 mg (3.5 mmol) of 3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole from step 3 of Example 1 was added in small portions to 5.4 mmol of sodium hydride in 8 mL of DMF; stirring was continued until hydrogen evolution had ceased. The anion solution was cooled to 0 °C and treated with a solution of the crude ethyl 2-(5-bromomethyl-2-pyridinyl)benzoate from step 7 in 10 mL of DMF. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature overnight, quench with 1 mL of absolute ethanol, and concentrated in vacuo; the resulting residue was redisolved in methylene chloride, filtered, and reconcentrated in vacuo to give crude ethyl 2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]benzoate.

step 9 : Preparation of 2- [5- [ (3, 5-dibutyl-1H-1 , 2, 4 -triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-pyridinyllbenzoic acid.

A 1.0 g sample of the crude ethyl 2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]benzoate from step 8 in 10 mL of water was treated with 3 mL of 101 aqueous sodium hydroxide and stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with 30 mL of ether and the pH adjusted to six with dilute hydrochloric acid. Purification by reverse phase chromatography (Waters Deltaprep-3000) using isocratic acetonitrile/water (28:72) (0.05% TFA) gave 5 mg of 2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]benzoic acid: NMR (D₂O + NaO₃S(CH₂)₃ Si(CH₃)₃] δ 0.80 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 1.19-1.33 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.68 (m, 4H), 2.65 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (t, _ϊ=7 Hz, 2H), 5.43 (s, 2H), 7.45-7.59 (m, 5H), 7.64 (dd, J=8 and 2 Hz, 1H), 8.37-8.45 (m, 1H); MS (FAB) m/e (rel intensity) 393 (80), 375 (30), 212 (40), 182 (100); HRMS. Calc’d for M+Li: 399.2373. Found:
399.2374.

Example 3

5-[2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]- 2-pyridinyl]phenyl]-1H-tetrazole

Step 1 : Preparation of 2-bromo-5-bromomethylpyridine.

A solution of 296.3 g (1.72 mol) of 2-bromo-5-picoline from step 1 of Example 2 in 6000 mL of carbon tetrachloride was treated with 306.5 g (1.72 mol) of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and 28.3 g (173 mmol) of
azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The reaction was stirred at reflux under nitrogen for 3 h, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo providing 476 g of crude 2-bromo-5-bromomethylpyridine as a brownish yellow solid (NMR indicates that this material is only 60% monobromomethyl product): NMR (CDCI₃ δ 4.42 (s, 2H), 7.48 (d, .J=9 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J=9 and 3 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=3 Hz, 1H).

Step 2: Preparation of 2-bromo-5-[(3.5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridine.

Under nitrogen, 3.15 g (17 mmol) of solid 3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole from step 3 of Example 1 was added in small portions to 33 mmol of sodium hydride in 31 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF); stirring was continued until hydrogen evolution had ceased. The anion solution was cooled to 0 °C and treated with a solution of 7.9 g (19 mmol) of crude 2-bromo-5-bromomethylpyridine from step 1 in 10 ml of dry DMF. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stir overnight. Methanol (10 ml) was added to destroy any unreacted sodium hydride and the

DMF was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, and dried (MgSO₄).
Silica gel chromatography (Waters Prep-500A) using ethyl acetate/hexane (60:40) gave 4.8 g (47%) of 2-bromo-5-[(3,5- dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridine as an oil: NMR (CDCI₃) δ 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 1H), 0.92 (t, J=7 Hz, 1H), 1.27-1.44 (m, 4H), 1.59-1.76 (m, 4H), 2.60-2.71 (m, 4H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 7.35 (dd, J=8 and 3 Hz), 7.46 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, .1=3 Hz, 1H).

Step 3: Preparation of 5-[2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4- triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]phenyl]-1H-tetrazole.

Under nitrogen, 1.03 g (2.9 mmol) of 2-bromo-5- [(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridine from step 2 and 2.46 g (5.7 mmol) of 2-(N-triphenyImethyltetrazol-5-yl)phenyIboronic acid from step 5 of Example 1 were treated with 1.0 g (0.86 mmol) of tetrakis (triphenyl-phosphine)palladium zero, 15 mL of toluene, 10 mL of ethanol, and 6.3 mL of 2M aqueous sodium carbonate. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux and vigorously stirred overnight. The product was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Waters Deltaprep-3000) using acetonitrile/water (20-40:80-60) (0.05% TFA). The pure fractions (by analytical HPLC) were combined, the
acetonitrile removed in vacuo, the pH adjusted to four with dilute sodium hydroxide, and the resulting suspension extracted 4 times with ether. The extracts were combined, dried (MgSθ4), and concentrated in vacuo to give 340 mg (28%) of 5-[2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]phenyl-1H-tetrazole as a colorless solid: mp 139-141 °C; NMR (CD₃OD) δ 0.90 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 1.29-1.44 (m, 4H), 1.58-1.75 (m, 4H), 2.65 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.77 (m, 5H), 8.33 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H); MS (FAB) m/e (rel intensity) 417 (100), 208 (30); HRMS. Calc’d for M+H: 417.2515. Found: 417.2527.

PATENT

WO2001076573

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2001076573&_cid=P12-LCVCXR-77816-1

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Pharmacology

The angiotensin II receptor, type 1

Angiotensin II binds to AT₁ receptors, increases contraction of vascular smooth muscle, and stimulates aldosterone resulting in sodium reabsorption and increase in blood volume.^[9] Smooth muscle contraction occurs due to increased calcium influx through the L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle cells during the plateau component, increasing the intracellular calcium and membrane potential which sustain depolarization and contraction.^[10]

Effects

Forasartan is a competitive and reversible ARB that competes with the angiotensin II binding site on AT₁^[11] and relaxes vascular smooth muscle,^[10] resulting in decreased blood pressure. Forasartan has a high affinity for the AT₁ receptor (IC50=2.9 +/- 0.1nM).^[12] In dogs, it was found to block the pressor response of Angiotensin II with maximal inhibition, 91%.^[10] Forasartan administration selectively inhibits L-type calcium channels in the plateau component of the smooth muscle cells, favoring relaxation of the smooth muscle.^[10] Forasartan also decreases heart rate by inhibiting the positive chronotropic effect of high frequency preganglionic stimuli.^[13]

Scarce use

Even though experiments have been conducted on rabbits,^[6] guinea pigs,^[10] dogs ^[14] and humans,^[6]^[13] forasartan is not a popular drug of choice for hypertension due to its short duration of action; forasartan is less effective than losartan.^[6] Research demonstrates that forasartan is also significantly less potent than losartan.^[6]

References

^ Bräse, Stefan; Banert, Klaus (2010). Organic Azides: Syntheses and Applications. New York: Wiley. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-470-51998-1.
^ Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, et al. (January 2011). “DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for ‘omics’ research on drugs”. Nucleic Acids Research. DrugBank. 39 (Database issue): D1035-41. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1126. PMC 3013709. PMID 21059682.
^ Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Cheng D, Shrivastava S, Tzur D, et al. (January 2008). “DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets”. Nucleic Acids Research. 36 (Database issue): D901-6. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm958. PMC 2238889. PMID 18048412.
^ Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Shrivastava S, Hassanali M, Stothard P, et al. (January 2006). “DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration”. Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (Database issue): D668-72. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj067. PMC 1347430. PMID 16381955.
^ Olins GM, Corpus VM, Chen ST, McMahon EG, Palomo MA, McGraw DE, et al. (October 1993). “Pharmacology of SC-52458, an orally active, nonpeptide angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist”. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 22 (4): 617–25. doi:10.1097/00005344-199310000-00016. PMID 7505365. S2CID 93468.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Hagmann M, Nussberger J, Naudin RB, Burns TS, Karim A, Waeber B, Brunner HR (April 1997). “SC-52458, an orally active angiotensin II-receptor antagonist: inhibition of blood pressure response to angiotensin II challenges and pharmacokinetics in normal volunteers”. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 29 (4): 444–50. doi:10.1097/00005344-199704000-00003. PMID 9156352.
^ Naik P, Murumkar P, Giridhar R, Yadav MR (December 2010). “Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) selective nonpeptidic antagonists–a perspective”. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 18 (24): 8418–56. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.043. PMID 21071232.
^ Ram CV (August 2008). “Angiotensin receptor blockers: current status and future prospects”. The American Journal of Medicine. 121 (8): 656–63. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.02.038. PMID 18691475.
^ Higuchi S, Ohtsu H, Suzuki H, Shirai H, Frank GD, Eguchi S (April 2007). “Angiotensin II signal transduction through the AT1 receptor: novel insights into mechanisms and pathophysiology”. Clinical Science. 112 (8): 417–28. doi:10.1042/cs20060342. PMID 17346243.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Usune S, Furukawa T (October 1996). “Effects of SC-52458, a new nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations and contraction induced by angiotensin II and K(+)-depolarization in guinea-pig taenia coli”. General Pharmacology. 27 (7): 1179–85. doi:10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00058-4. PMID 8981065.
^ Olins GM, Chen ST, McMahon EG, Palomo MA, Reitz DB (January 1995). “Elucidation of the insurmountable nature of an angiotensin receptor antagonist, SC-54629”. Molecular Pharmacology. 47 (1): 115–20. PMID 7838120.
^ Csajka C, Buclin T, Fattinger K, Brunner HR, Biollaz J (2002). “Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of angiotensin receptor blockade in healthy volunteers”. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 41 (2): 137–52. doi:10.2165/00003088-200241020-00005. PMID 11888333. S2CID 13185772.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Kushiku K, Yamada H, Shibata K, Tokunaga R, Katsuragi T, Furukawa T (January 2001). “Upregulation of immunoreactive angiotensin II release and angiotensinogen mRNA expression by high-frequency preganglionic stimulation at the canine cardiac sympathetic ganglia”. Circulation Research. 88 (1): 110–6. doi:10.1161/01.res.88.1.110. PMID 11139482.
^ McMahon EG, Yang PC, Babler MA, Suleymanov OD, Palomo MA, Olins GM, Cook CS (June 1997). “Effects of SC-52458, an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, in the dog”. American Journal of Hypertension. 10 (6): 671–7. doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(96)00500-6. PMID 9194514.

Clinical data

Other names	SC-52458
Pregnancy category	Not assigned
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	C09CA (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	Development halted, never marketed^[1]
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life	1–2 hours
Identifiers
show IUPAC name
CAS Number	145216-43-9
PubChem CID	132706
DrugBank	DB01342
ChemSpider	117146
UNII	065F7WPT0B
KEGG	D04243
ChEBI	CHEBI:141552
ChEMBL	ChEMBL315021
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70162942
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₃H₂₈N₈
Molar mass	416.533 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
show SMILES
show InChI

////////SC-52458, FORASARTAN, форасартан , فوراسارتان , 福拉沙坦 , PHASE 2, PFIZER, HYPERTENSION

CCCCC1=NN(CC2=CN=C(C=C2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=NNN=N2)C(CCCC)=N1

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ZYIL 1, Usnoflast

September 7, 2022 2:17 pm / Leave a comment

Usnoflast
ZYIL1
ZYIL-1
2455519-86-3
usnoflast [INN]

403.5 g/mol, C₂₁H₂₉N₃O₃S

1-[(E)-2-[(2R)-1,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethenyl]sulfonyl-3-(1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl)urea

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes

ZYIL-1 is an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome in phase II clinical development at Zydus (formerly known as Cadila Healthcare and Zydus Cadila) for the treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) and neonatal onset multi-systemic inflammatory disease (NOMID; also known as chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous articular syndrome (CINCA)).

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05186051

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase 2
Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome

ZYIL1 is expected to show benefit in patients with CAPS. The present study aims to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ZYIL1 when administered to subjects with CAPS.This is a phase 2a, prospective, open-label study. Primary objective of the study is to determine safety and tolerability profile of twice daily oral administration of ZYIL1 administered for 7 days. The study will be conducted in 3 subjects having CAPS as per eligibility criteria. The study will be divided in three periods: Screening Period; Run-in Period and Study Period.

Zydus announces positive Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept of NLRP3 inhibitor, ZYIL1 in patients with Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS)

https://pipelinereview.com/index.php/2022090781551/Small-Molecules/Zydus-announces-positive-Phase-2-Proof-of-Concept-of-NLRP3-inhibitor-ZYIL1-in-patients-with-Cryopyrin-Associated-Periodic-Syndrome-CAPS.html

First Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept (POC) study demonstrating rapid clinical improvement and remission within days when Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS) patients with flare ups were treated with ZYIL1, a novel oral small molecule NLRP3 inhibitor

Phase 1 study in Healthy Human volunteers published in “Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development” Journal of American College of Clinical Pharmacology

AHMEDABAD, India I September 07, 2022 I Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. (formerly known as Cadila Healthcare Ltd.), a discovery-driven, global lifesciences company today announced that it has achieved a positive Proof-of-Concept in its Phase 2 clinical study of ZYIL1, in patients with CAPS.

CAPS is a rare, life-long, auto-inflammatory condition, caused by NLRP3 activating mutations and is classified as an orphan disease. The chronic inflammation due to IL-1beta release in CAPS patients leads to urticaria-like rash, fever, arthralgia, and increased risk of amyloidosis. CAPS patients also experience multiple neurological complications like sensorineural hearing loss, migraine, headache, aseptic meningitis and myalgia. Bone deformities and neurological impairments have been reported in Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID), the most severe form of CAPS.

The Phase 2 trial conducted in Australia, evaluated the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of ZYIL1 in Subjects with Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05186051]. ZYIL1 showed rapid oral absorption. ZYIL1 is extremely potent (IC50 in nanomolar range) in human whole blood and supressed inflammation caused by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Robust effect on disease biomarkers including CRP, Serum Amyloid A (SAA), IL-6, WBC, was also observed.

ZYIL1 was safe and well-tolerated and there were no Serious Adverse Events (SAE’s) observed in this Phase 2 trial. Liver and kidney function tests also did not show any abnormalities in this Phase 2 trial. CAPS patients with confirmed NLRP3 mutation suffering from CAPS-related flare up, when treated with ZYIL1 in Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept trial showed rapid clinical improvement as early as day 3 which sustained till the end of treatment.

Lauding the positive proof-of-concept results achieved in CAPS patients as a significant milestone, Mr. Pankaj R. Patel, Chairman, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. said, “As an innovation driven organization, we have been focussed on making a meaningful difference in the lives of patients. This top-line result from the Phase 2 clinical trial has demonstrated for the first time that ZYIL1, an oral small molecule NLRP3 inhibitor is beneficial in treating chronic inflammation in CAPS patients. Zydus is now planning to conduct further pivotal clinical trials and is committed to develop ZYIL1 for patients living with CAPS and other chronic inflammatory diseases.”

Reference:

1. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04972188 A Phase I, Prospective, Open Label, Multiple Dose Study of ZYIL1 Administered Via Oral Route to Investigate The Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics In Healthy Adult Subjects

2. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04731324 A Phase 1, Prospective Open Label, Single

Dose, Single Arm Study of ZYIL1 Administered Via Oral Route to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Healthy Adult Human Subjects

3. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05186051 A Phase 2a, Prospective, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of ZYIL1 in Subjects With Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)

4. Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Oral NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor ZYIL1: First-in-human Phase 1 studies (Single Ascending Dose and Multiple Ascending Dose), Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development, 2022. DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1162

About Zydus

The Zydus Group with an overarching purpose of empowering people with freedom to live healthier and more fulfilled lives, is an innovative, global lifesciences company that discovers, develops, manufactures, and markets a broad range of healthcare therapies. The group employs over 23000 people worldwide and is driven by its mission to unlock new possibilities in life- sciences through quality healthcare solutions that impact lives. The group aspires to transform lives through path-breaking discoveries. For more details visit www.zyduslife.com

PATENT

Example-6 [WO2020148619A1]

Example-6

(R,E)-N-((1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl)carbamoyl)-2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethene-1-sulfonamide

To solution of Intermediate 3a (1 eq.) in DCM (2.5 mL) added TFA (1 eq.) at 0°C.The reaction was wanned to r.t. & stirred further for 3h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo & purified by prep. HPLC to give product. To a solution of this product (1 eq.) in MeOH (7.0 mL) at r.t. was added Solid NaHCO₃ (1.2 eq.) & stirred for 5 min. Formaldehyde (37% solution) (5 eq.) was added at r.t. and stirred for 2 h. Thereafter reaction mixture was treated with NaBH₄ (1.5 eq.) portion wise at 0°C then reaction mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was purified by prep. HPLC to give pure product. Altemateviely, Example 6 was also be prepared as per the procedure described for synthesis of Intermediate-7b (Example 111) using Intermediate 9 and (R)-1-methylpyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde, together with conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art of organic synthesis.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ = 10.53 (brs, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 15.2 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz , J = 15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.13 – 3.04 (m, 1H), 3.05 – 2.92 (m, 1H), 2.80 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 4H), 2.67 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 4H), 2.33 – 2.28 (m, 1H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.05 – 1.91 (m, 5H), 1.79 – 1.72 (m, 2H), 1.59 – 1.54 (m, 1H); MS (ESI): m/z (%) = 390.17 (100%) (M+H)⁺, 388.07 (30%) (M-1).

PATENTs

WO2021171230

WO2021111351

WO2021048809, IN202227014064

WO2020148619, EP3911631

WO2019043610, IN202027008328

US2020140382, IN201927046556, WO2018225018

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old………..

Zydus Cadila gets approval from DCGI for trial of novel molecule ZYIL1

https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/zydus-cadila-gets-approval-from-dcgi-for-trial-of-novel-molecule-zyil1-11607324599234.html

Drug firm Zydus Cadila on Monday said it has received permission from Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) to initiate phase-1 clinical trial of its novel molecule ZYIL1, indicated for use as an inhibitor for inflammation condition ‘NLRP3’.

In a regulatory filing, Zydus Cadila said “it has received permission to initiate the phase 1 clinical trial of ZYIL1, a novel oral small molecule NLRP3 inhibitor candidate. NLRP3 inflammasomes are involved in the inflammation process”.

This harmful inflammation within the body leads to the onset and development of various kinds of diseases, including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), auto-immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, Gastro-intestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease), renal diseases and CNS diseases, the company added.

Pankaj R Patel, Chairman, Cadila Healthcare said: “We will study the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ZYIL1 in this phase I clinical trial in healthy human volunteers. We are committed to developing these pioneering novel treatments to the clinic for the patients in need.”

////////////ZYIL 1, PHASE 2, ZYDUS, ZYIL-1, CADILA

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Camizestrant, AZD 9833

August 24, 2022 3:21 am / Leave a comment

Camizestrant, AZD 9833

AZ 14066724

PHASE 2

CAS: 2222844-89-3
Chemical Formula: C24H28F4N6
Exact Mass: 476.2312
Molecular Weight: 476.5236
Elemental Analysis: C, 60.49; H, 5.92; F, 15.95; N, 17.64

N-(1-(3-fluoropropyl)azetidin-3-yl)-6-((6S,8R)-8-methyl-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]isoquinolin-6-yl)pyridin-3-amine

AZ14066724
AZD-9833
AZD9833
Camizestrant
UNII-JUP57A8EPZ
WHO 11592

OriginatorAstraZeneca
ClassAmines; Antineoplastics; Azetidines; Fluorinated hydrocarbons; Isoquinolines; Pyrazolones; Pyridines; Small molecules
Mechanism of ActionSelective estrogen receptor degraders
Phase IIIBreast cancer

13 Jun 2022AstraZeneca initiates a phase I drug-drug interaction trial of AZD 9833 Healthy postmenopausal female volunteers, in USA (NCT05438303)
10 Jun 2022AstraZeneca and Quotient Sciences complete the phase I QSC205863 trial in Breast cancer (In volunteers) in United Kingdom (PO, Liquid) (NCT05364255)
03 Jun 2022Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics data from the phase I SERENA 1 trial for Breast cancer presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO-2022)

Mechanism:selective estrogen receptor degrader
Area under investigation:estrogen receptor +ve breast cancer
Date commenced phase:Q1 2019
Estimated Filing Acceptance:
CountryDateUS: EU: Japan: China:

AZD9833 is an orally available selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, SERD AZD9833 binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that results in the degradation of the receptor. This prevents ER-mediated signaling and inhibits the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells

Camizestrant is an orally available selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, camizestrant binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that results in the degradation of the receptor. This prevents ER-mediated signaling and inhibits the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells

SYN

https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0040-1719368

Discovery of AZD9833, a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader and Antagonist J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63, 14530–14559, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01163.

SYN

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01163.

aReagents and Conditions: (a) n-BuLi, THF, −78 oC to 0 oC, 1 h, then 4 N HCl/dioxane, RT, 1 h, 60%; (b) alkyl triflate, DIPEA, 1,4-dioxane, 90 oC, 63-74% or isobutyrylaldehyde, Na(OAc)3BH, THF, 0 oC, 56%; (c) benzophenone imine, Pd2dba3, Rac-BINAP, NaOtBu, toluene, 90 oC, then 1 N aq. HCl, 71-85%; (d) nBuLi, THF, −78 oC to 0 oC, 1 h, then 4 N HCl/dioxane, RT, 4 h; e) NH2OH, NH2OH.HCl, EtOH, reflux. 84% over 2 steps; (f) alkyl triflate, DIPEA, 1,4-dioxane, 90 oC, 44-100% or 1-fluorocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid, HATU, Et3N, DMF, RT, 61%, then BH3.THF, THF, 65 oC, 82%.

[α]26 D -147 (c 2.3, MeOH); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6, 27 °C) 1.08 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.64 (dp, J = 25.0, 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.73(t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (dd, J = 17.1, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (dt, J = 19.6, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (dd, J = 17.2, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.50 – 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.58 – 3.66 (m, 2H), 3.92 (h, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (dtd, J = 47.4, 6.1, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 6.23 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (dt, J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 12.97 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6, 27 °C) 16.2, 28.2 (d, J = 19.4 Hz), 30.1, 43.0, 47.3, 48.7 (q, J = 30.1 Hz), 54.8 (d, J = 5.6 Hz), 61.3 (2C), 67.1, 82.0 (d, J = 161.3 Hz), 107.5, 119.0, 122.4, 123.7, 126.1, 126.2 (q, J = 278.5 Hz), 126.4, 127.5, 131.7, 132.9, 138.5, 142.3, 150.0; 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, 27 °C) -218.1 (1F), -69.7 (3F); m/z (ES+), [M+H]+ = 477, HRMS (ESI) (MH+ ); calcd, 477.2408; found, 477.2390

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AZD9833 is selective oestrogen receptor degrader (SERD). It works by breaking down the site where oestrogen attaches to the cancer cell. This can help stop or slow the growth of hormone receptor breast cancer. Researchers think that AZD9833 with palbociclib might work better than anastrozole and palbociclib.

AZD9833 + palbociclib

The patients will receive AZD9833 (75 mg, PO, once daily) + palbociclib (PO, once daily, 125 mg for 21 consecutive days followed by 7 days off treatment) + anastrozole placebo (1 mg, PO, once daily)

SERENA-1: Study of AZD9833 Alone or in Combination in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov)…..https://veri.larvol.com/news/azd9833/drug

P1, N=305, Recruiting, AstraZeneca | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 –> Oct 2023

2 months ago

Trial primary completion date

HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)

HER-2 negative

Ibrance (palbociclib) • everolimus • Verzenio (abemaciclib) • capivasertib (AZD5363) • camizestrant (AZD9833)

Description	Camizestrant (AZD-9833) is a potent and orally active estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist. Camizestrant is used for the study of ER⁺ HER2-advanced breast cancer^[1].
IC₅₀ & Target	IC50: estrogen receptor (ER)^[1]
In Vitro	Camizestrant is extracted from patent US20180111931A1, example 17^[1].MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
In Vivo	Camizestrant (oral administration; 0.2-50 mg/kg; 20 days) exhibits anti-tumour efficacy as a dose-dependent manner in human parental MCF7 mice xenograft^[1]. Camizestrant (oral administration; 0.8-40 mg/kg; 30 days) decreases tumor growth as a dose-dependent manner. It gives almost complete tumour growth inhibition at the doses >10 mg/kg in mice^[1]. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.Animal Model:Human ESR1 mutant breast cancer patient derived xenograft with CTC174 cells in female NSG mice^[1]Dosage:0.8 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kgAdministration:Oral administration; 30 days; once dailyResult:Inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner.
Clinical Trial	NCT NumberSponsorConditionStart DatePhaseNCT04711252AstraZenecaER-Positive HER2-Negative Breast CancerJanuary 28, 2021Phase 3NCT04964934AstraZenecaER-Positive HER2-Negative Breast CancerJune 30, 2021Phase 3NCT04214288AstraZenecaAdvanced ER-Positive HER2-Negative Breast CancerApril 22, 2020Phase 2NCT04588298AstraZenecaHER2-negative Breast CancerNovember 2, 2020Phase 2NCT04541433AstraZenecaER&addition; HER2- Advanced Breast CancerSeptember 29, 2020Phase 1NCT03616587AstraZenecaER&addition; HER2- Advanced Breast CancerOctober 11, 2018Phase 1NCT04546347AstraZeneca\|Quotient SciencesHealthy VolunteersSeptember 17, 2020Phase 1NCT04818632AstraZenecaER&addition;, HER2-, Metastatic Breast CancerOctober 11, 2021Phase 1

////////////Camizestrant, AZD 9833, AZ 14066724, UNII-JUP57A8EPZ, WHO 11592, PHASE 2, ASTRA ZENECA, CANCER

C[C@@H]1CC2=C3C(NN=C3)=CC=C2[C@@H](C4=NC=C(NC5CN(CCCF)C5)C=C4)N1CC(F)(F)F

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Danavorexton, TAK 925

July 26, 2022 2:29 am / Leave a comment

Danavorexton, TAK 925

2114324-48-8

Molecular FormulaC₂₁H₃₂N₂O₅S
Average mass424.554 Da

1-Piperidinecarboxylic acid, 3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-2-[[(cis-4-phenylcyclohexyl)oxy]methyl]-, methyl ester, (2R,3S)-

Methyl (2R,3S)-3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-2-[[(cis-4-phenylcyclohexyl)oxy]methyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylate

OriginatorTakeda
ClassCyclohexanes; Esters; Ethers; Piperidines; Sleep disorder therapies; Small molecules; Sulfonamides
Mechanism of ActionOrexin receptor type 2 agonists
Orphan Drug StatusYes – Narcolepsy
Phase IHypersomnia; Narcolepsy; Respiration disorders; Sleep apnoea syndrome

01 Jun 2022Takeda Pharmaceuticals completes a phase I clinical trials in Respiratory disorder (In adults) in Netherlands (IV) (ISRCTN63027076)
02 Apr 2022Efficacy and safety data from phase a Ib trial in Hypersomnia presented at the 74^th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology 2022 (AAN-2022)
10 Mar 2022Phase-I clinical trials in Sleep apnoea syndrome in Australia (IV) (NCT05180890)

Danavorexton (developmental code name TAK-925) is a selective orexin 2 receptor agonist.^[1] It is a small-molecule compound and is administered intravenously.^[1]^[2] The compound was found to dose-dependently produce wakefulness to a similar degree as modafinil in a phase 1 clinical trial.^[1]^[3] As of March 2021, danavorexton is under development for the treatment of narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, and sleep apnea.^[2]^[1]^[4] It is related to another orexin receptor agonist known as TAK-994, the development of which was discontinued for safety reasons in October 2021.^[1]^[5]

PAPER

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00626

TAK-925, a potent, selective, and brain-penetrant orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist, [methyl (2R,3S)-3-((methylsulfonyl)amino)-2-(((cis-4-phenylcyclohexyl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate, 16], was identified through the optimization of compound 2, which was discovered by a high throughput screening (HTS) campaign. Subcutaneous administration of compound 16 produced wake-promoting effects in mice during the sleep phase. Compound 16 (TAK-925) is being developed for the treatment of narcolepsy and other related disorders.

aReagents and conditions: (a) chiral column separation; (b) RCOCl, Et3N, THF, rt (for 15 and 16); (c) ethyl chlorocarbonate, DIEA, THF, rt (for 17); (d) isocyanatoethane, Et3N, THF, 0 °C−rt (for 18).

Methyl (2R,3S)-3-((methylsulfonyl)amino)-2-(((cis-4- phenylcyclohexyl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (16) To a mixture of 14 (58 mg, 0.16 mmol) and Et3N (0.044 mL, 0.32 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added methyl chlorocarbonate (0.024 mL, 0.32 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/EtOAc, 1:1 to 0:100) to give 16 (64 mg, 0.15 mmol, 95%) as a colorless oil. Crystallization of 16 (1.8 g, 4.1 mmol) from EtOH-H2O gave 16 (1.7 g, 3.9 mmol, 95%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 1.40−1.55 (5H, m), 1.56−1.73 (5H, m), 1.87 (1H, brd, J = 13.2 Hz), 1.96 (1H, brd, J = 13.6 Hz), 2.44−2.57 (1H, m), 2.83 (1H, brs), 2.95 (3H, s), 3.40 (1H, brs), 3.53−3.62 (5H, m), 3.73 (1H, brt, J = 9.7 Hz), 3.84 (1H, brs), 4.47 (1H, brs), 7.15 (1H, brt, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.18 (1H, brs), 7.19 (2H, brd, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.27 (2H, brt, J = 7.4 Hz). 13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6, the minor rotamer’s signals are marked with an asterisk) δ24.05, 24.39*, 26.00, 26.17*, 27.60*, 27.79, 28.68, 30.15*, 37.54, 38.13*, 39.91, 42.99, 51.01, 52.07, 53.90*, 54.49, 61.48, 61.89*, 71.68, 125.68, 126.51, 128.14, 147.34, 155.27*, 156.08. MS (ESI/APCI) mass calculated for [M + H]+ (C21H33N2O5S) requires m/z 424.6, found m/z 425.2. mp 113 °C. Anal. Calcd for C21H32N2O5S: C, 59.41; H, 7.60; N, 6.60. Found: C, 59.45; H, 7.59; N, 6.55. [α] 20 D +16.3 (c 0.1, CHCl3

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Clinical data

Other names	TAK-925
Routes of administration	Intravenous^[1]^[2]
Drug class	Orexin receptor agonist
Identifiers
show IUPAC name
CAS Number	2114324-48-8
PubChem CID	130310079
ChemSpider	68011464
UNII	1QMD83K4YN
ChEMBL	ChEMBL4650341
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₁H₃₂N₂O₅S
Molar mass	424.56 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
show SMILES
show InChI

References

^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Jacobson LH, Hoyer D, de Lecea L (January 2022). “Hypocretins (orexins): The ultimate translational neuropeptides”. J Intern Med. doi:10.1111/joim.13406. PMID 35043499.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c “Danavorexton – Takeda”. Adis Insight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
^ Evans, R., Hazel, J., Faessel, H., Wu, J., Hang, Y., Alexander, R., … & Hartman, D. (2019). Results of a phase 1, 4-period crossover, placebo-controlled, randomized, single dose study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of TAK-925, a novel orexin 2 receptor agonist, in sleep-deprived healthy adults, utilizing modafinil as an active comparator. Sleep Medicine, 64, S106. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=10933819770107034612
^ Evans R, Tanaka S, Tanaka S, Touno S, Shimizu K, Sakui S, et al. (December 2019). “A Phase 1 single ascending dose study of a novel orexin 2 receptor agonist, TAK-925, in healthy volunteers (HV) and subjects with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic outcomes”. Sleep Medicine. 64: S105–S106. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.290.
^ Tong A (6 October 2021). “Takeda flashes red light on ‘breakthrough’ narcolepsy drug after PhII trials turned up mysterious safety signal”. Endpoints News.

External links

Danavorexton – AdisInsight

///////////////Danavorexton, TAK 925, ORPHAN DRUG, PHASE 1

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ARIMOCLOMOL

May 30, 2022 7:42 am / 1 Comment on ARIMOCLOMOL

ARIMOCLOMOL

アリモクロモル;

Formula	C14H20ClN3O3
Exact mass	313.1193
Mol weight	313.7799

CAS 289893-25-0

289893-26-1 (Arimoclomol maleate);

INN 8300

N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy]-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidoyl chloride

BRX 220

Arimoclomol maleate is in a phase III clinical trials by Orphazyme for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C). It is also in phase II clinical studies for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Arimoclomol (INN; originally codenamed BRX-345, which is a citrate salt formulation of BRX-220) is an experimental drug developed by CytRx Corporation, a biopharmaceutical company based in Los Angeles, California. In 2011 the worldwide rights to arimoclomol were bought by Danish biotech company Orphazyme ApS.^[1] The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) granted orphan drug designation to arimoclomol as a potential treatment for Niemann-Pick type C in 2014 and 2015 respectively.^[2][3]


	Fig. 1 Structures of (±)-bimoclomol (1) and (R)-(+)-arimoclomol (2).

Reference：1. WO0179174A1.

Reference：1. Tetrahedron: Asymmetr. 2012, 23, 1564-1570.

PATENT

WO/2022/106614PROCESSES FOR PREPARING ARIMOCLOMOL CITRATE AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2022106614&_cid=P22-L3S8T3-04206-1

The present disclosure provides an optimized four-step process for preparing an ultra-pure composition comprising arimoclomol citrate, i.e. N-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-l-ylpropyl]oxy}pyridine-3-carboximidoyl chloride 1-oxide citrate. The optimized process comprises a plurality of optimized sub-steps, each contributing to an overall improved process, providing the ultra-pure composition comprising arimoclomol citrate. The ultra-pure composition comprising arimoclomol citrate meets the medicines agencies’ high regulatory requirements. An overview of the four-steps process is outlined below:

Step 1: Overview of process for preparing ORZY-01

Step 2: Overview of process for preparing ORZY-03

Step 4: Overview of process for preparing BRX-345 (ORZY-05)

The previously reported two-step synthesis of ORZY-01 as shown below includes a 2 hour reflux in step 1A, followed by purification of intermediate compound (V) to increase the batch quality.

PAPER

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/ob/c7ob02578e

DOI: 10.1039/C7OB02578E (Communication) Org. Biomol. Chem., 2017, 15, 9794-9799

Scheme 1 Synthesis of arimoclomol (2) by reproduction of the published patent route. Reagents and conditions: (a) NH₂OH·HCl (1.2 equiv.), NaHCO₃ (1.2 equiv.), H₂O, rt, 18 h 91%; (b) piperidine (0.9 equiv.), MeOH, 65 °C, quant.; (c) 6, NaOH (1.3 equiv.), EtOH, H₂O, 70 °C, 18 h; (d) NaNO₂ (1.3 equiv.), conc. HCl, H₂O, −5 °C, 2.5 h 51% over 2 steps; (e) (−)-dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid, EtOH then NaOH, CH₂Cl₂; (f) citric acid (1.0 equiv.), acetone; (g) supercritical fluid chromatography.


	Scheme 3 Arimoclomol (2) synthesis via chiral glycidyl nosylate synthon. Reagents and conditions: (a) (i) NaH (60% wt), DMF, 0 °C, 0.5 h; (ii) (R)-(−)-glycidyl nosylate (11) (1.06 equiv.), rt, 2 h; (iii) piperidine (1.1 equiv.), 80 °C for 4 h then rt for 18 h, 71%; (b) NaNO₂ (1.3 equiv.), conc. HCl, H₂O, −5 °C, 2.5 h, 73%.

Scheme 4 Chiral hydroxylamine route to arimoclomol (2). Reagents and conditions: (a) (i) NaH (60% wt), DMF, 0 °C, 0.5 h; (ii) (R)-(−)-glycidyl nosylate (11) (1.1 equiv.), rt, 2 h, 83%; (b) piperidine (1.05 equiv.), ⁱPrOH, 50 °C, 18 h, quant.; (c) HCl (6 M), 95 °C, 18 h; quant.; (d) Amberlyst A21, MeOH, rt, 4 h, 98%; (e) 3-cyanopyridine-N-oxide (3) (0.8 equiv.), HSCH₂CO₂H (17) (1.5 equiv.), Et₃N, EtOH, 85 °C, 24 h, 75%; (f) NaNO₂ (1.3 equiv.), conc. HCl, H₂O, −5 °C, 66%.

(R,Z)-3-(N′-(2-Hydroxy-3-(piperidine-1-yl)propoxy)carboximi-oylchloride)pyridine-1-oxide citrate (2-citrate, arimoclomol citrate) was prepared as an off-white amorphous solid (164 mg): m.p. 161–162 °C; [α]²⁰_D +8.0° (c = 1, H₂O); IR ν_max (neat): 3423, 3228, 2949, 2868, 1722, 1589, 1483, 1433, 1307, 1128, 972, 829 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (600 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ: 8.54 (t, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.39–8.35 (m, 1H), 7.72–7.68 (m, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J = 8.0, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (ddd, J = 17.6, 13.3, 7.4 Hz, 3H), 3.35 (br. s, 2H), 3.13–2.74 (m, 6H), 2.59 (d, J = 15.2 Hz, 2H), 2.56–2.51 (m, 2H), 1.77–1.61 (m, 4H), 1.48 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ: 176.6, 171.3, 140.5, 136.4, 132.7, 131.5, 126.8, 123.3, 77.8, 71.4, 63.8, 58.7, 53.1, 44.0, 30.7, 23.0, 21.9; HRMS (m/z TOF MS ES+) for C₁₄H₂₀ClN₃O₃ [M + H]+ calc. 314.1271, observed 314.1263; SFC er purity R:S, >99:1.
(R,Z)-3-(N′-(2-Hydroxy-3-(piperidine-1-yl)propoxy)carboximi-oylchloride)pyridine maleate ((R)-1-maleate, bimoclomol maleate) was prepared as an off-white amorphous solid (70 mg): m.p. 137–138 °C; [α]²⁰_D +6.0° (c = 1, MeOH); IR νmax (neat): 3269, 2937, 1577, 1477, 1440, 1348, 1205, 1070, 981, 864 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (600 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ: 9.09 (s, 1H), 9.01–8.98 (m, 1H), 8.73 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.24–8.06 (m, 1H), 7.57 (ddd, J = 8.1, 4.8, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 5.93 (s, 1H), 4.40–4.21 (m, 3H), 3.60–3.28 (m, 3H), 3.20 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H), 3.12–3.05 (m, 1H), 3.03–2.83 (m, 2H), 1.84–1.55 (m, 5H), 1.38 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ: 167.1, 151.7, 147.4, 136.0, 135.1, 134.6, 127.9, 123.9, 77.2, 63.1, 58.0, 54.1, 51.1, 22.2, 21.3; HRMS (m/z TOF MS ES+) for C₁₄H₂₀ClN₃O₂ [M + H]+ calc. 298.1322, observed 298.1319; SFC er purity R:S, 98:2.

(R,Z)-3-(N’-(2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)carboximidoyl chloride)pyridine-1-oxide1 – (R)-(+)-Arimoclomol – 2 A solution of (R,Z)-3-(N’-(2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)carbamimidoyl)pyridine-1-oxide 12 (205 mg, 0.70 mmol) in conc. hydrochloric acid (1.1 mL, 13.9 mmol) and water (3 mL) was cooled to -5 °C for 15 minutes. Sodium nitrite (63 mg, 0.91 mmol) in water (0.5 mL) was then added dropwise to the reaction mixture and the reaction was stirred at -5 °C for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was made alkaline with NaOH (7 M, 3 mL). An additional 10 mL of water was added followed by DCM (30 mL) containing EtOAc (5 mL) and the organics were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by FCC on Biotage Isolera using Biotage SNAP 10 g Si cartridge eluting with gradient elution 0-30% MeOH:DCM both containing 0.1% Et3N to afford the title compound (160 mg, 73% yield) as a colourless semi-solid. Analytical data was consistent with literature values. See ESI section SFC traces for specific enantiomeric ratios of 2 synthesised under the various methodologies quoted in the text. Optical rotation was not determined as it was determined in the ultimate product of this 2·citrate and comparative run times on SFC. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.63 (t, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (ddd, J = 6.4, 1.6, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.66 – 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J = 8.0, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (qd, J = 11.3, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.07 (dd, J = 9.2, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (s, 2H), 2.47 – 2.31 (m, 4H), 1.65 – 1.51 (m, 4H), 1.42 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 140.3, 137.7, 133.1, 132.5, 125.7, 123.9, 78.7, 64.9, 60.9, 54.8, 25.8, 24.0.

(R,Z)-3-(N’-(2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)carboximidoyl chloride)pyridine-1-oxide citrate

(R)-(+)- Arimoclomol citrate – 2·citrate (R,Z)-3-(N’-(2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)carboximidoyl chloride)pyridine-1-oxide (159 mg, 0.51 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (3 mL) and citric acid (97 mg, 0.51 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 18 hours. After this time the mixture was sonicated and the precipitate was filtered, rinsed with cold acetone (1 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound (165 mg, 64% yield) as a white amorphous solid. Analytical data was consistent with literature values. m.p. 161-162 °C, Acetone (lit. 163-165 °C, EtOH); [α]D 20 +8.0 (c=1, H2O); IR νmax (neat): 3423, 3228, 2949, 2868, 1722, 1589, 1483, 1433, 1307, 1128, 972, 829 cm-1; 1H NMR (600 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ: 8.54 (t, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.39 – 8.35 (m, 1H), 7.72 – 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J = 8.0, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (ddd, J = 17.6, 13.3, 7.4 Hz, 3H), 3.35 (br. s, 2H), 3.13 – 2.74 (m, 6H), 2.59 (d, J = 15.2 Hz, 2H), 2.56 – 2.51 (m, 2H), 1.77 – 1.61 (m, 4H), 1.48 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ: 176.6, 171.3, 140.5, 136.4, 132.7, 131.5, 126.8, 123.3, 77.8, 71.4, 63.8, 58.7, 53.1, 44.0, 30.7, 23.0, 21.9; HRMS (m/z TOF MS ES+) for C14H20ClN3O3 [M+H]+ calc. 314.1271, observed 314.1263; SFC er purity R:S >99:1

Procedure for the conversion of (R)-(+)-Bimoclomol 1 into (R)-(+)-Arimoclomol 2 To a solution of (R)-(+)-bimoclomol (61 mg, 0.21 mmol) in acetone (2 mL) was added benzenesulfonic acid (33 mg, 0.21 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Separately to a suspension of hydrogen peroxide-urea adduct (39 mg, 0.41 mmol) in acetonitrile (6 mL) at -5°C (ice-salt bath) was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (58 μL, 0.41 mmol) dropwise. A suspension of (R)-(+)-bimoclomol, 1, benzenesulfonic acid salt, as made above, in acetonitrile (3 mL) was then added dropwise to this solution. The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 hours, whilst slowly warming to room temperature. Aqueous Na2S2O5 solution (0.5 M, 1 mL) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was made alkaline with NaOH (7 M) and extracted with DCM (2 x 30 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by FCC on a Biotage Isolera using Biotage SNAP 10g Si cartridge eluting with gradient elution 0-35% MeOH in DCM to afford the title compound (35 mg, 55% yield) as a colourless semi-solid. Analytical data of the products was consistent with literature and/or previous samples synthesised above.

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Mechanism of action

Arimoclomol is believed to function by stimulating a normal cellular protein repair pathway through the activation of molecular chaperones. Since damaged proteins, called aggregates, are thought to play a role in many diseases, CytRx believes that arimoclomol could treat a broad range of diseases.

Arimoclomol activates the heat shock response.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] It is believed to act at Hsp70.^[10]

History

Arimoclomol has been shown to extend life in an animal model of ALS^[11] and was well tolerated in healthy human volunteers in a Phase I study. CytRx is currently conducting a Phase II clinical trial.^[12]

Arimoclomol also has been shown to be an effective treatment in an animal model of Spinal Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA, also known as Kennedy’s Disease).^[13]

Arimoclomol was discovered by Hungarian researchers, as a drug candidate to treat insulin resistance^[14]^[15] and diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. Later, the compound, along with other small molecules, was screened for further development by Hungarian firm Biorex, which was sold to CytRx Corporation, who developed it toward a different direction from 2003.

References

^ “CytRx Sells Molecular Chaperone Assets to Orphazyme in Deal Worth $120M | GEN Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News – Biotech from Bench to Business | GEN”. GEN. 17 May 2011.
^ “European Medicines Agency – – EU/3/14/1376”. http://www.ema.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 2017-07-28. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
^ “Search Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals”. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov.
^ Kalmar B, Greensmith L (2009). “Activation of the heat shock response in a primary cellular model of motoneuron neurodegeneration-evidence for neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects”. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 14 (2): 319–35. doi:10.2478/s11658-009-0002-8. PMC 6275696. PMID 19183864.
^ Kieran D, Kalmar B, Dick JR, Riddoch-Contreras J, Burnstock G, Greensmith L (April 2004). “Treatment with arimoclomol, a coinducer of heat shock proteins, delays disease progression in ALS mice”. Nat. Med. 10 (4): 402–5. doi:10.1038/nm1021. PMID 15034571. S2CID 2311751.
^ Kalmar B, Greensmith L, Malcangio M, McMahon SB, Csermely P, Burnstock G (December 2003). “The effect of treatment with BRX-220, a co-inducer of heat shock proteins, on sensory fibers of the rat following peripheral nerve injury”. Exp. Neurol. 184 (2): 636–47. doi:10.1016/S0014-4886(03)00343-1. PMID 14769355. S2CID 5316222.
^ Rakonczay Z, Iványi B, Varga I, et al. (June 2002). “Nontoxic heat shock protein coinducer BRX-220 protects against acute pancreatitis in rats”. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 32 (12): 1283–92. doi:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00833-X. PMID 12057766.
^ Kalmar B, Burnstock G, Vrbová G, Urbanics R, Csermely P, Greensmith L (July 2002). “Upregulation of heat shock proteins rescues motoneurones from axotomy-induced cell death in neonatal rats”. Exp. Neurol. 176 (1): 87–97. doi:10.1006/exnr.2002.7945. PMID 12093085. S2CID 16071543.
^ Benn SC, Brown RH (April 2004). “Putting the heat on ALS”. Nat. Med. 10 (4): 345–7. doi:10.1038/nm0404-345. PMID 15057226. S2CID 11434434.
^ Brown IR (October 2007). “Heat shock proteins and protection of the nervous system”. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1113 (1): 147–58. Bibcode:2007NYASA1113..147B. doi:10.1196/annals.1391.032. PMID 17656567. S2CID 36782230.
^ Kalmar B, Novoselov S, Gray A, Cheetham ME, Margulis B, Greensmith L (October 2008). “Late stage treatment with arimoclomol delays disease progression and prevents protein aggregation in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS”. J. Neurochem. 107 (2): 339–50. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05595.x. PMID 18673445.
^ “Phase II/III Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Arimoclomol in SOD1 Positive Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – Full Text View – ClinicalTrials.gov”. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
^ Malik B, Nirmalananthan N, Gray A, La Spada A, Hanna M, Greensmith L (2013). “Co-induction of the heat shock response ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of human spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: implications for therapy”. Brain. 136 (3): 926–943. doi:10.1093/brain/aws343. PMC 3624668. PMID 23393146.
^ Kürthy M, Mogyorósi T, Nagy K, et al. (June 2002). “Effect of BRX-220 against peripheral neuropathy and insulin resistance in diabetic rat models”. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 967 (1): 482–9. Bibcode:2002NYASA.967..482K. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04306.x. PMID 12079878. S2CID 19585837.
^ Seböková E, Kürthy M, Mogyorosi T, et al. (June 2002). “Comparison of the extrapancreatic action of BRX-220 and pioglitazone in the high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance”. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 967 (1): 424–30. Bibcode:2002NYASA.967..424S. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04298.x. PMID 12079870. S2CID 23338560.

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Clinical data

Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	N07XX17 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	Investigational
Identifiers
show IUPAC name
CAS Number	289893-25-0
PubChem CID	208924
ChemSpider	21106260
UNII	EUT3557RT5
KEGG	D11374
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2107726
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5057701
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₄H₂₀ClN₃O₃
Molar mass	313.78 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
show SMILES
show InChI
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/////////ARIMOCLOMOL, アリモクロモル , BRX 220, INN 8300, Arimoclomol maleate, phase III, clinical, Orphazyme , Niemann-Pick disease type C, phase II, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, (ALS)

Rabeximod, ROB 803,

December 17, 2021 8:45 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | rabeximod | C22H24ClN5O

Rabeximod, ROB 803

C22H24ClN5O, 409.92

2-(9-chloro-2,3-dimethylindolo[3,2-b]quinoxalin-6-yl)-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acetamide

CAS 872178-65-9UNII-J4D3K58W3Z, рабексимод , رابيكسيمود 雷贝莫德
6H-Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline-6-acetamide, 9-chloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3-dimethyl-
872178-65-9[RN]8866, J4D3K58W3Z

OriginatorOxyPharma
DeveloperCyxone; University of California
ClassAcetamides; Anti-inflammatories; Disease-modifying antirheumatics; Heterocyclic compounds with 4 or more rings; Small molecules
Mechanism of ActionCell differentiation modulators; Macrophage inhibitors
Phase IICOVID 2019 infections; Rheumatoid arthritis

12 Oct 2021Cyxone terminates a phase-II trial in COVID-2019 infections in Slovakia (PO) (EudraCT2020-004571-41)
10 Aug 2021Cyxone completes a phase-II trial in COVID-2019 infections in Slovakia (PO) (EudraCT2020-004571-41)
23 Feb 2021Phase-II clinical trials in COVID-2019 infections in Slovakia (PO) (EudraCT2020-004571-41)

SYN

US 20050288296

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20050288296

AS ON DEC2021 3,491,869 VIEWS ON BLOG WORLDREACH AVAILABLEFOR YOUR ADVERTISEMENT

SYN

WO 2014140321

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014140321A1/en Example 29-chloro-7V- [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] -2,3-dimethyl-6H-Indolo [2,3-6] quinoxaline-6- acetamide

This compound was prepared as described in PCT/SE2005/000718 (WO 2005/123741), cf. “Compound E” at page 12 of said WO pamphlet.SYNWO 2005/123741https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2005123741

Compound E

9-Chloro-2,3-dimerthyl-6-(N,N-dimethylaminoethylamino-2-oxoethyl)-6H-indolo- [2,3-b]quinoxaline (R¹=Cl, R²=CH₃, X=CO, Y=NH-CH₂-CH₂-R³; R³=NR⁵R⁶;

R⁵=R⁶=CH₃)

Yield: 58%; ¹H-NMR δ: 8.29 (d, 1H), 8.23 (t, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.71

(dd, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 3,16 (q, 2H), 2.47 (s, 6H), 2.28 (t, 2H), 2,12

(s, 6H);

SYN

Rabeximod is an orally administered compound for treatment of moderate or severe active rheumatoid arthritis that is currently undergoing phase II clinical testing in eight European countries.

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PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021250197&_cid=P11-KX9XFU-50498-1

The compound rabeximod has been described in European patent application publication EP1756111A1 later granted as EP1756111 B1. The preparation of rabex imod, as compound E, is specifically described in EP1756111A1 as a small-scale process without any description on how to develop a process that can be used for GMP and upscaled. Rabeximod was made in a 58% yield in a small-scale lab pro cess, but no parameters for scaling up have been disclosed.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a process that is suitable for large scale synthesis in good yield, with stable process parameters, and suitable for GMP production.

Experimental

The current process to manufacture Rabeximod involves several process steps as illustrated in below reaction scheme and as described in detail hereunder.

Manufacturing Process OXY001-01 Intermediate

Starting materials: 5-Chloroisatin (CIDO) and 4,5-Dimethyl-1 ,2-phenylenediamine (DAX)

Table 1: Overview Required Raw Materials and Quantities Step 1

Table 2: Raw Materials Specifications Step 1

Resulting Product (Intermediate): OXY001-01

Batch size: 13.03 kg of OXY001-01

Process description: 4,5-Dimethyl-1 ,2-phenylenediamine (1.1 equivalent) was added to acetic acid (4.7 volumes) in reactor (reactor was running under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure) and stirred up to 3 hours at moderate rate at +20 to +25 °C until clear dark brown solution was formed. 4, 5-Dimethyl-1 ,2-phenylenediamine so lution in acetic acid solution was transferred to intermediate feeding vessel. 5-chloro-isatin (1 .0 equivalent) was added to acetic acid (14.3 volumes) in reactor and stirred while jacket temperature of reactor was adjusted to approximately +150 °C to achieve a reflux temperature for active reflux of solvents. When reflux temperature was reached the 4, 5-Dimethyl-1 ,2-phenylenediamine solution in acetic acid was slowly added over 2-3 hours while distilling acetic acid (4.7 volumes) from the reaction mix ture. A fresh portion of acetic acid (4.7 volumes) was added to the reactor at about the same rate as distillation (4.7 volumes) occurred. After distillation the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for at least another 2 hours. The expected appearance of content in the reactor was a dark yellow to orange slurry. The reaction mixture was cooled to +65 to +70 °C and filtered using a Nutsche filter using Polyes ter filter cloth (27 pm) or similar as filter media. The filter cake was washed 3 times with fresh ethanol (3 x 4.2 volumes) and 1 time with water (1 x 4.2 volume). After washing the filter cake was dried at +40 to +45 °C for 12 hours and additionally in a vacuum tray dryer for 12 hours at +40 °C resulting in a yellow to orange/brown solid. An in-process control sample was taken and analysed for loss on drying (LOD). LOD should be < 2% (w/w). If the LOD is > 2%, the vacuum tray dryer step was repeated.

Theoretical yield: 18.62 kg

Yield: 70±5% (13.03±0.96kg)

Maximum volume: 216 L

Manufacturing Process OXY001-03 HCI Intermediate

CAC DMEN OXY001-03 HCI

Starting materials: Chloroacetyl chloride (CAC) and N,N-Dimethylethylene diamine (DMEN)

Table 3: Overview Required Raw Materials and Quantities Step 2

a) mol//mol of DMEN; b) kg/kg of DMEN; c) L/kg of DMEN

Table 4: Raw Materials Specifications Step 2

Resulting Product (Intermediate): OXY001-03 HCI

Batch size: 22.6 kg of OXY001 -03 HCI

Process description: Chloroacetyl chloride (1.03 equivalents) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (15 volumes) in reactor (reactor was running under nitrogen at atmos pheric pressure) at +20 °C. The solution was stirred and cooled down to +10 °C.

N,N-dimethylethylene diamine (1.00 equivalent) solution in ethyl acetate (1.0 volume) was slowly charged to the reactor when the temperature reached a range from +10 to +25 °C and at such a rate over 1-2 hours that the internal temperature did not exceed +25 °C. The slurry was stirred for 5 to 30 minutes at +20 to +25 °C and filtered using a Nutch filter using Polyamide filter cloth (25 pm) or similar as filter media. The product was washed 3 times on the filter with ethyl acetate (3 x 5 volumes) and dried on the filter for at least 16 hours and additionally in a vacuum tray dryer for 12 hours at +40 °C resulting in an off-white to beige solid.

Theoretical yield: 25.09 kg

Yield: 90±5% (22.6±1 .25 kg)

Maximum volume: 202 L

Manufacturing Process OXY001 Crude

– OXY001 Crude Starting materials: OXY001-01 and OXY001-03 HCI

Table 5: Overview Required Raw Materials and Quantities Step 3

Table 6: Raw/Intermediate Materials Specifications Step 3

Resulting Product: OXY001 Crude (crude rabeximod) Batch size: 11.38 kg of OXY001 Crude

Process description: OXY001-01 (1.0 equivalent) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (15.4 volumes) and 50% NaOH aqueous solution (8.0 equivalents in relation to OXY001 -01 ) in reactor (reactor was running under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure) and mixed at +55 to +60 °C up to approximately 1 hour until clear dark red solution was formed. Potassium iodide (0.81 equivalents) was added under vigorous stirring and mixed for 10 to 30 minutes at +55 to +60 °C. OXY001-03 HCI (2.0 equivalents) was added to the solution and mixed for at least 2 hours at +55 to +60 °C. Following completion of the reaction, the mixture was quenched with water (15.4 volumes) and tetrahydrofuran removed (15.4 volumes) by evaporation under reduced pressure. The slurry was cooled to +20 to +25 °C and stirred for 1 hour and filtered with a Nutch filter using Polyamide filter cloth (25 pm) or similar as filter media. Resulting cake was washed 3 times with water (3 x 5 volumes) until the pH of the filtrate was between 8-7 and dried on the filter at +40 to +45 °C for at least 12 hours by air suction and additionally in a vacuum tray dryer for 12 hours at +40 °C. Afterwards resulting ma terial was suspended in in tetrahydrofuran (25 volumes) at +45 to +50 °C for at least 1 hour. OXY001 Crude was isolated by filtration with a Nutch filter using Polyamide filter cloth (25 pm) or similar as filter media and washed 2 times on the filter with tetrahydrofuran (2 x 7 volumes). Resulting cake was dried on the filter at +40 to +45 °C for at least 12 hours and additionally in a vacuum tray dryer for 12 hours at +40 °C.

Theoretical yield: 18.96 kg

Yield: 60±5% (11 38±0.95 kg)

Maximum volume: 500 L

Purification of crude Rabeximod:

OXY001 crude (1 .0 equivalent) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 volumes), water (3 volume), and 2M HCI (1.4 volumes) mixture. The solution was clear filtered and heated to +50 °C. pH of mixture was adjusted to 10-12 by addition of 2M NaOH (1.3 volume). The formed slurry was cooled to +20 to +25 °C and diluted with water (12 volumes).

After stirring for at least 12 hours the slurry was filtered at +20 to +25 °C and washed on the filter with tetrahydrofuran:water (5:2) mixture (2×3 volumes). Rabeximod has a molecular weight of 409.92 g/mol and is isolated as a crystalline free base having a melting point of 259-261 °C.

Batch release results of batches used in Phase 2 and Phase 1 clinical studies are provided in Table 7.

Purity is equal to or above 98% as measured by HPLC.

Table 7: Batch release results of Rabeximod drug substance batches used in Phase 1 and phase 2 clinical studies

/////////////////Rabeximod, ROB 803, UNII-J4D3K58W3Z, рабексимод , رابيكسيمود 雷贝莫德 ,OXYPHARMA, PHASE 2, CYXONE

CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N=C3C(=N2)C4=C(N3CC(=O)NCCN(C)C)C=CC(=C4)Cl

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AUPM 170, CA 170, PD-1-IN-1

October 21, 2021 2:50 am / Leave a comment

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-02191-1

(2S,3R)-2-(3-((S)-3-amino-1-(3-((R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-oxopropyl)ureido)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

Molecular Weight (MW)	360.33
Formula	C12H20N6O7
CAS No.	1673534-76-3

N-[[[(1S)-3-Amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]amino]carbonyl]-L-threonine

L-Threonine, N-[[[(1S)-3-amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]amino]carbonyl]-

AUPM 170, CA 170, AUPM-170, CA-170, PD-1-IN-1

Novel inhibitor of programmed cell dealth-1 (PD-1)

CA-170 (also known as AUPM170 or PD-1-IN-1) is a first-in-class, potent and orally available small molecule inhibitor of the immune checkpoint regulatory proteins PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1), PD-L2 and VISTA (V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig) suppressor of T-cell activation (programmed death 1 homolog; PD-1H). CA-170 was discovered by Curis Inc. and has potential antineoplastic activities. CA-170 selectively targets PD-L1 and VISTA, both of which function as negative checkpoint regulators of immune activation. Curis is currently investigating CA-170 for the treatment of advanced solid tumours and lymphomas in patients in a Phase 1 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02812875).

References: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02812875); WO 2015033299 A1 20150312.

Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited INNOVATOR

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CURIS AND AURIGENE ANNOUNCE AMENDMENT OF COLLABORATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF CA-170

PRESS RELEASE

https://www.aurigene.com/curis-and-aurigene-announce-amendment-of-collaboration-for-the-development-and-commercialization-of-ca-170/

Curis and Aurigene Announce Amendment of Collaboration for the Development and Commercialization of CA-170

– Aurigene to fund and conduct a Phase 2b/3 randomized study of CA-170 in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsNSCLC) –

– Aurigene to receive Asia rights for CA-170; Curis entitled to royalty payments in Asia –

LEXINGTON, Mass., February 5, 2020 /PRNewswire/ — Curis, Inc. (NASDAQ: CRIS), a biotechnology company focused on the development of innovative therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, today announced that it has entered into an amendment of its collaboration, license and option agreement with Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Ltd. (Aurigene). Under the terms of the amended agreement, Aurigene will fund and conduct a Phase 2b/3 randomized study evaluating CA-170, an orally available, dual
inhibitor of VISTA and PDL1, in combination with chemoradiation, in approximately 240 patients with nonsquamous
non-small cell lung cancer (nsNSCLC). In turn, Aurigene receives rights to develop and commercialize CA-170 in Asia, in addition to its existing rights in India and Russia, based on the terms of the original agreement. Curis retains U.S., E.U., and rest of world rights to CA-170, and is entitled to receive royalty payments on potential future sales of CA-170 in Asia.

In 2019, Aurigene presented clinical data from a Phase 2a basket study of CA-170 in patients with multiple tumor types, including those with nsNSCLC. In the study, CA-170 demonstrated promising signs of safety and efficacy in nsNSCLC patients compared to various anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.

“We are pleased to announce this amendment which leverages our partner Aurigene’s expertise and resources to support the clinical advancement of CA-170, as well as maintain our rights to CA-170 outside of Asia,” said James Dentzer, President and Chief Executive Officer of Curis. “Phase 2a data presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) conference last fall supported the potential for CA-170 to serve as a therapeutic option for patients with nsNSCLC. We look forward to working with our partner Aurigene to further explore this opportunity.”

“Despite recent advancements, patients with localized unresectable NSCLC struggle with high rates of recurrence and need for expensive intravenous biologics. The CA-170 data presented at ESMO 2019 from Aurigene’s Phase 2 ASIAD trial showed encouraging results in Clinical Benefit Rate and Prolonged PFS and support its potential to provide clinically meaningful benefit to Stage III and IVa nsNSCLC patients, in combination with chemoradiation and as oral maintenance” said Kumar Prabhash, MD, Professor of Medical Oncology at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Murali Ramachandra, PhD, Chief Executive Officer of Aurigene, commented, “Development of CA-170, with its unique dual inhibition of PD-L1 and VISTA, is the result of years of hard-work and commitment by many people, including the patients who participated in the trials, caregivers and physicians, along with the talented teams at Aurigene and Curis. We look forward to further developing CA-170 in nsNSCLC.”

About Curis, Inc.

Curis is a biotechnology company focused on the development of innovative therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, including fimepinostat, which is being investigated in combination with venetoclax in a Phase 1 clinical study in patients with DLBCL. In 2015, Curis entered into a collaboration with Aurigene in the areas of immuno-oncology and precision oncology. As part of this collaboration, Curis has exclusive licenses to oral small molecule antagonists of immune checkpoints including, the VISTA/PDL1 antagonist CA-170, and the TIM3/PDL1 antagonist CA-327, as well as the IRAK4 kinase inhibitor, CA- 4948. CA-4948 is currently undergoing testing in a Phase 1 trial in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
In addition, Curis is engaged in a collaboration with ImmuNext for development of CI-8993, a monoclonal anti-VISTA antibody. Curis is also party to a collaboration with Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, under which Genentech and Roche are commercializing Erivedge® for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. For more information, visit Curis’ website at http://www.curis.com.

About Aurigene

Aurigene is a development stage biotech company engaged in discovery and clinical development of novel and best-in-class therapies to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases and a wholly owned subsidiary of Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (BSE: 500124, NSE: DRREDDY, NYSE: RDY). Aurigene is focused on precision- oncology, oral immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the Th-17 pathway. Aurigene currently has several programs from its pipeline in clinical development. Aurigene’s ROR-gamma inverse agonist AUR-101 is currently in phase 2 clinical development under a US FDA IND. Additionally, Aurigene has multiple compounds at different stages of pre-clinical development. Aurigene has partnered with many large and mid-pharma companies in the United States and Europe and has 15 programs currently in clinical development. For more information, please visit Aurigene’s website at https://www.aurigene.com/

Curis with the option to exclusively license Aurigene’s orally-available small molecule antagonist of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immuno-oncology field

Addressing immune checkpoint pathways is a well validated strategy to treat human cancers and the ability to target PD-1/PD-L1 and other immune checkpoints with orally available small molecule drugs has the potential to be a distinct and major advancement for patients.

Through its collaboration with Aurigene, Curis is now engaged in the discovery and development of the first ever orally bioavailable, small molecule antagonists that target immune checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions, including PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. In the first half of 2016, Curis expects to file an IND application with the U.S. FDA to initiate clinical testing of CA-170, the first small molecule immune checkpoint antagonist targeting PD-L1 and VISTA. The multi-year collaboration with Aurigene is focused on generation of small molecule antagonists targeting additional checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions and Curis expects to advance additional drug candidates for clinical testing in the coming years. The next immuno-oncology program in the collaboration is currently targeting the immune checkpoints PD-L1 and TIM3.

In November 2015, preclinical data were reported. Data demonstrated tha the drug rescued and sustained activation of T cells functions in culture. CA-170 resulted in anti-tumor activity in multiple syngeneic tumor models including melanoma and colon cancer. Similar data were presented at the 2015 AACR-NCI-EORTC Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics Conference in Boston, MA

By August 2015, preclinical data had been reported. Preliminary data demonstrated that in in vitro studies, small molecule PD-L1 antagonists induced effective T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production by T cells that were specifically suppressed by PD-L1 in culture. The compounds were found to have effects similar to anti-PD1 antibodies in in vivo tumor models

(Oral Small Molecule PD-L1/VISTAAntagonist)

Certain human cancers express a ligand on their cell surface referred to as Programmed-death Ligand 1, or PD-L1, which binds to its cognate receptor, Programmed-death 1, or PD-1, present on the surface of the immune system’s T cells. Cell surface interactions between tumor cells and T cells through PD-L1/PD-1 molecules result in T cell inactivation and hence the inability of the body to mount an effective immune response against the tumor. It has been previously shown that modulation of the PD-1 mediated inhibition of T cells by either anti-PD1 antibodies or anti-PD-L1 antibodies can lead to activation of T cells that result in the observed anti-tumor effects in the tumor tissues. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interactions have now been approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of certain cancers, and multiple therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 are currently in development.

In addition to PD-1/PD-L1 immune regulators, there are several other checkpoint molecules that are involved in the modulation of immune responses to tumor cells¹. One such regulator is V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation or VISTA that shares structural homology with PD-L1 and is also a potent suppressor of T cell functions. However, the expression of VISTA is different from that of PD-L1, and appears to be limited to the hematopoietic compartment in tissues such as spleen, lymph nodes and blood as well as in myeloid hematopoietic cells within the tumor microenvironment. Recent animal studies have demonstrated that combined targeting/ blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions and VISTA result in improved anti-tumor responses in certain tumor models, highlighting their distinct and non-redundant functions in regulating the immune response to tumors².

As part of the collaboration with Aurigene, in October 2015 Curis licensed a first-in-class oral, small molecule antagonist designated as CA-170 that selectively targets PD-L1 and VISTA, both of which function as negative checkpoint regulators of immune activation. CA-170 was selected from the broad PD-1 pathway antagonist program that the companies have been engaged in since the collaboration was established in January 2015. Preclinical data demonstrate that CA-170 can induce effective proliferation and IFN-γ (Interferon-gamma) production (a cytokine that is produced by activated T cells and is a marker of T cell activation) by T cells that are specifically suppressed by PD-L1 or VISTA in culture. In addition, CA-170 also appears to have anti-tumor effects similar to anti-PD-1 or anti-VISTA antibodies in multiple in vivo tumor models and appears to have a good in vivo safety profile. Curis expects to file an IND and initiate clinical testing of CA-170 in patients with advanced tumors during the first half of 2016.

Jan 21, 2015

Curis and Aurigene Announce Collaboration, License and Option Agreement to Discover, Develop and Commercialize Small Molecule Antagonists for Immuno-Oncology and Precision Oncology Targets

— Agreement Provides Curis with Option to Exclusively License Aurigene’s Antagonists for Immuno-Oncology, Including an Antagonist of PD-L1 and Selected Precision Oncology Targets, Including an IRAK4 Kinase Inhibitor —

— Investigational New Drug (IND) Application Filings for Both Initial Collaboration Programs Expected this Year —

— Curis to issue 17.1M shares of its Common Stock as Up-front Consideration —

— Management to Host Conference Call Today at 8:00 a.m. EST —

LEXINGTON, Mass. and BANGALORE, India, Jan. 21, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Curis, Inc. (Nasdaq:CRIS), a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative drug candidates for the treatment of human cancers, and Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, a specialized, discovery stage biotechnology company developing novel therapies to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, today announced that they have entered into an exclusive collaboration agreement focused on immuno-oncology and selected precision oncology targets. The collaboration provides for inclusion of multiple programs, with Curis having the option to exclusively license compounds once a development candidate is nominated within each respective program. The partnership draws from each company’s respective areas of expertise, with Aurigene having the responsibility for conducting all discovery and preclinical activities, including IND-enabling studies and providing Phase 1 clinical trial supply, and Curis having responsibility for all clinical development, regulatory and commercialization efforts worldwide, excluding India and Russia, for each program for which it exercises an option to obtain a license.

The first two programs under the collaboration are an orally-available small molecule antagonist of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immuno-oncology field and an orally-available small molecule inhibitor of Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) in the precision oncology field. Curis expects to exercise its option to obtain exclusive licenses to both programs and file IND applications for a development candidate from each in 2015.

“We are thrilled to partner with Aurigene in seeking to discover, develop and commercialize small molecule drug candidates generated from Aurigene’s novel technology and we believe that this collaboration represents a true transformation for Curis that positions the company for continued growth in the development and eventual commercialization of cancer drugs,” said Ali Fattaey, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Curis. “The multi-year nature of our collaboration means that the parties have the potential to generate a steady pipeline of novel drug candidates in the coming years. Addressing immune checkpoint pathways is now a well validated strategy to treat human cancers and the ability to target PD-1/PD-L1 and other immune checkpoints with orally available small molecule drugs has the potential to be a distinct and major advancement for patients. Recent studies have also shown that alterations of the MYD88 gene lead to dysregulation of its downstream target IRAK4 in a number of hematologic malignancies, including Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia and a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, making IRAK4 an attractive target for the treatment of these cancers. We look forward to advancing these programs into clinical development later this year.”

Dr. Fattaey continued, “Aurigene has a long and well-established track record of generating targeted small molecule drug candidates with bio-pharmaceutical collaborators and we have significantly expanded our drug development capabilities as we advance our proprietary drug candidates in currently ongoing clinical studies. We believe that we are well-positioned to advance compounds from this collaboration into clinical development.”

CSN Murthy, Chief Executive Officer of Aurigene, said, “We are excited to enter into this exclusive collaboration with Curis under which we intend to discover and develop a number of drug candidates from our chemistry innovations in the most exciting fields of cancer therapy. This unique collaboration is an opportunity for Aurigene to participate in advancing our discoveries into clinical development and beyond, and mutually align interests as provided for in our agreement. Our scientists at Aurigene have established a novel strategy to address immune checkpoint targets using small molecule chemical approaches, and have discovered a number of candidates that modulate these checkpoint pathways, including PD-1/PD-L1. We have established a large panel of preclinical tumor models in immunocompetent mice and can show significant in vivo anti-tumor activity using our small molecule PD-L1 antagonists. We are also in the late stages of selecting a candidate that is a potent and selective inhibitor of the IRAK4 kinase, demonstrating excellent in vivo activity in preclinical tumor models.”

In connection with the transaction, Curis has issued to Aurigene approximately 17.1 million shares of its common stock, or 19.9% of its outstanding common stock immediately prior to the transaction, in partial consideration for the rights granted to Curis under the collaboration agreement. The shares issued to Aurigene are subject to a lock-up agreement until January 18, 2017, with a portion of the shares being released from the lock-up in four equal bi-annual installments between now and that date.

The agreement provides that the parties will collaborate exclusively in immuno-oncology for an initial period of approximately two years, with the option for Curis to extend the broad immuno-oncology exclusivity.

In addition Curis has agreed to make payments to Aurigene as follows:

for the first two programs: up to $52.5 million per program, including $42.5 million per program for approval and commercial milestones, plus specified approval milestone payments for additional indications, if any;
for the third and fourth programs: up to $50 million per program, including $42.5 million per program for approval and commercial milestones, plus specified approval milestone payments for additional indications, if any; and
for any program thereafter: up to $140.5 million per program, including $87.5 million per program in approval and commercial milestones, plus specified approval milestone payments for additional indications, if any.

Curis has agreed to pay Aurigene royalties on any net sales ranging from high single digits to 10% in territories where it successfully commercializes products and will also share in amounts that it receives from sublicensees depending upon the stage of development of the respective molecule.
About Immune Checkpoint Modulation and Programmed Death 1 Pathway

Modulation of immune checkpoint pathways has emerged as a highly promising therapeutic approach in a wide range of human cancers. Immune checkpoints are critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance as well as for the protection of tissues from excessive immune response generated during infections. However, cancer cells have the ability to modulate certain immune checkpoint pathways as a mechanism to evade the immune system. Certain immune checkpoint receptors or ligands are expressed by various cancer cells, targeting of which may be an effective strategy for generating anti-tumor activity. Some immune-checkpoint modulators, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1) protein, specifically regulate immune cell effector functions within tissues. One of the mechanisms by which tumor cells block anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment is by upregulating ligands for PD-1, such as PD-L1. Hence, targeting of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 has been shown to lead to the generation of effective anti-tumor responses.
About Curis, Inc.

Curis is a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of novel drug candidates for the treatment of human cancers. Curis’ pipeline of drug candidates includes CUDC-907, a dual HDAC and PI3K inhibitor, CUDC-427, a small molecule antagonist of IAP proteins, and Debio 0932, an oral HSP90 inhibitor. Curis is also engaged in a collaboration with Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, under which Genentech and Roche are developing and commercializing Erivedge®, the first and only FDA-approved medicine for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. For more information, visit Curis’ website at www.curis.com.

About Aurigene

Aurigene is a specialized, discovery stage biotechnology company, developing novel and best-in-class therapies to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. Aurigene’s Programmed Death pathway program is the first of several immune checkpoint programs that are at different stages of discovery and preclinical development. Aurigene has partnered with several large- and mid-pharma companies in the United States and Europe and has delivered multiple clinical compounds through these partnerships. With over 500 scientists, Aurigene has collaborated with 6 of the top 10 pharma companies. Aurigene is an independent, wholly owned subsidiary of Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (NYSE:RDY). For more information, please visit Aurigene’s website at http://aurigene.com/.

POSTER

WO2011161699, WO2012/168944, WO2013144704 and WO2013132317 report peptides or peptidomimetic compounds which are capable of suppressing and/or inhibiting the programmed cell death 1 (PD1) signaling pathway.

PATENT

WO 2015033299

Inventors

SASIKUMAR, Pottayil Govindan Nair
RAMACHANDRA, Muralidhara
NAREMADDEPALLI, Seetharamaiah Setty Sudarshan

Priority Data

4011/CHE/2013

06.09.2013

Example 4: Synthesis of Co

The compound was synthesised using similar procedure as depicted in Example 2 for synthesising compound 2 using
instead of H-Ser(‘Bu)-0’Bu (in synthesis of compound 2b) to yield 0.35 g crude material of the title compound. The crude solid material was purified using preparative HPLC described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 361.2 (M+H)⁺, HPLC: t_R = 12.19 min.

Pottayil Sasikumar

Murali Ramachandra

REFERENCES

US20150073024

WO2011161699A2	27 Jun 2011	29 Dec 2011	Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited	Immunosuppression modulating compounds
WO2012168944A1	21 Dec 2011	13 Dec 2012	Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited	Therapeutic compounds for immunomodulation
WO2013132317A1	4 Mar 2013	12 Sep 2013	Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited	Peptidomimetic compounds as immunomodulators
WO2013144704A1	28 Mar 2013	3 Oct 2013	Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited	Immunomodulating cyclic compounds from the bc loop of human pd1

http://www.curis.com/pipeline/immuno-oncology/pd-l1-antagonist

http://www.curis.com/images/stories/pdfs/posters/Aurigene_PD-L1_VISTA_AACR-NCI-EORTC_2015.pdf

References:

1) https://bmcimmunol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12865-021-00446-4

2) https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-02191-1

3) https://www.esmoopen.com/article/S2059-7029(20)30108-3/fulltext

4) https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/15/2804

////////Curis, Aurigene, AUPM 170, CA 170, AUPM-170, CA-170, PD-L1, VISTA antagonist, PD-1-IN-1, phase 2, CANCER

N[C@@H](CO)c1nc(on1)[C@@H](NC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O)CC(N)=O

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Pralnacasan

August 17, 2021 9:44 am / Leave a comment

Pralnacasan

VX 740

cas 192755-52-5

(4S,7S)-N-[(2R,3S)-2-ethoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-7-(isoquinoline-1-carbonylamino)-6,10-dioxo-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-pyridazino[1,2-a]diazepine-4-carboxamide

N-[(4S,7S)-4-{[(2R,3S)-2-ethoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamoyl}-6,10-dioxo-octahydro-1H-pyridazino[1,2-a][1,2]diazepin-7-yl]isoquinoline-1-carboxamide

(1S,9S)-N-((2R,3S)-2-Ethoxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-9-((isoquinolin-1-ylcarbonyl)amino)-6,10-dioxooctahydro-6-H-pyridazino(1,2-a)(1,2)diazepine-1-carboxamide

6H-Pyridazino(1,2-a)(1,2)diazepine-1-carboxamide, N-((2R,3S)-2-ethoxytetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furanyl)octahydro-9-((1-isoquinolinylcarbonyl)amino)-6,10-dioxo-, (1S,9S)-

HMR 3480
HMR3480
HMR3480/VX-740
Pralnacasan
UNII-N986NI319S
VX 470
VX-740

C26H29N5O7, 523.543

NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor.пралнаказан [Russian] [INN]برالناكاسان [Arabic] [INN]普那卡生 [Chinese] [INN]

Pralnacasan is an orally bioavailable pro-drug of a potent, non-peptide inhibitor of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE).Pralnacasan is a potent, non-peptide inhibitor of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE, aka Caspase-1). It was originally discovered by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and licensed for development to Aventis Pharma. In 2003 Aventis and Vertex Pharmaceuticals agreed to voluntarily discontinue development based on results from a 9-month animal toxicity trial that showed liver abnormalities due to chronic high doses of pralnacasan. Pralnacasan has also been investigated for the treatment of Partial Epilepsy; advancing to Phase II clinical trials.Pralnacasan is a potent, non-peptide inhibitor of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE). Pralnacasan is an oral, anti-cytokine drug candidate licensed for development by Aventis Pharma from Vertex Pharmaceuticals. In November 2003, Aventis and Vertex Pharmaceuticals announced that they had voluntarily suspended the phase II clinical trials of pralnacasan due to results from an animal toxicity study that demonstrated liver abnormalities after a nine-month exposure to pralnacasan at high doses. While no similar liver toxicity has been seen to date in human trials, the companies will evaluate the animal toxicity results before proceeding with the phase II clinical program.Pralnacasan inhibits interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE), an enzyme that regulates the production of IL-1 and IFN gamma – intercellular mediators that initiate and sustain the process of inflammation. Inhibiting ICE may be an effective strategy for curtailing damaging inflammatory processes common to a number of acute and chronic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis.
PAPERhttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/ob/c7ob01403a/unauth
IDrugs (2003), 6(2), 154-158.
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2017), 23(2), 360-369PAPER
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2006), 16(16), 4233-4236.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960894X06006184?

Abstract

Novel 1-(2-acylhydrazinocarbonyl)cycloalkyl carboxamides were designed as peptidomimetic inhibitors of interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE). A short synthesis was developed and moderately potent ICE inhibitors were identified (IC₅₀ values <100 nM). Most of the synthesized examples were selective for ICE versus the related cysteine proteases caspase-3 and caspase-8, although several dual-acting inhibitors of ICE and caspase-8 were identified. Several of the more potent ICE inhibitors were also shown to inhibit IL-1β production in a whole cell assay (IC₅₀ < 500 nM).

Graphical abstract

Novel 1-(2-acylhydrazinocarbonyl)cycloalkyl carboxamides were designed and synthesized as selective peptidomimetic inhibitors of interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE IC₅₀ values <100 nM).

PAPEROrganic letters (2014), 16(13), 3488-91.https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ol501425b

Abstract

Peptides containing N2-acyl piperazic or 1,6-dehydropiperazic acids can be formed efficiently via a novel multicomponent reaction of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazines, isocyanides, and carboxylic acids. Remarkably, the reaction’s induced intramolecularity can enable the regiospecific formation of products with N2-acyl piperazic acid, which counters the intrinsic and troublesome propensity for piperazic acids to react at N1 in acylations. The utility of the methodology is demonstrated in the synthesis of the bicyclic core of the interleukin-1β converting enzyme inhibitor, Pralnacasan.
PatentWO 9722619WO 9903852WO 9952935
PATENTWO 2000042061https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2000042061A1/enThe invention particularly relates to the process as defined above in which the compound of formula (I) is 9- (1, 3-dihydro-1,3, dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) -3 ,, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-6, 10-dioxo-6H-pyridazino- [1,2- a] [1, 2] ethyl diazepine-1-carboxylate:

The invention particularly relates to the process as defined above in which the compound of formula (Iopt) is- (lS-cis) -9- (1, 3-dihydro-l, 3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) – 3,4,7,8,9, 10-hexahydro-β, 10-dioxo -6H-pyridazino- [1,2- a] [1, 2] ethyl diazeρine-1-carboxylate:

The compounds of formula (I) can be generally used for the synthesis of medicaments as indicated in patent EP 94095. The compounds of formulas (II) and (III) and (F) are known and can be prepared according to the experimental method described below.The invention also relates to the application of the process as defined above as an intermediate step for the preparation of a compound of formula (V)

via the compound of formula (Iopt) as defined above, characterized in that this process comprises the steps of the process for the preparation of the compounds of formula (Iopt) from the compounds of formula (II) as defined above.The subject of the invention is also the application as defined above, characterized in that the compound of formula (Iopt) is (lS-cis) -9- (1, 3-dihydro-l, 3-dioxo -2H- isoindol-2-yl) -3,4,7,8,9, 10-hexahydro-6, 10-dioxo-6H- pyridazino- [1,2-a] [1, 2] diazepine-1- ethyl carboxylate

The subject of the invention is also the application of the process as defined above as an intermediate step in the overall process for preparing the compounds of formula (I) and (Iopt) as defined above. Finally, the subject of the invention is, as intermediate compound, the compound of formula (IA) as defined above.Preparation 1 Preparation of bis (phenylmethyl) 1,2-hydrazinecarboxylate1.5 liters of methanol and 25 g of 80% hydrazine monohydrate are placed under nitrogen. Cooled to 0 ° C and then introduced 75 g of benzyl chloroformate and a solution of 93 g of sodium carbonate in 1100 ml of demineralized water. Maintaining the reaction mixture for 1 hour at 0 ° C, drained and washed by displacement with a mixture of 100 ml of methanol and 100 ml of water, then washed by displacement with 500 ml of water at 0 C °. Dried and obtained 107.6 g of the desired product. Preparation 2Preparation of N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic anhydride D (+) 2-tetrahydro-2,6,6-dioxo-2H-pyran-3-yl-1H-isoindole-1,3 (2H) – dione (R)Stage a: N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid2- (1, 3-dihydro-1,3, dioxo-2H-isoindole-2-yl) acid – pentanedioic (2S)To a solution of 14.4 g of sodium carbonate in 180 ml of water is added 10 g of L-glutamic acid then 16 g of N-carbethoxyphthalimide (nefkens reagent, commercial). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is evaporated under reduced pressure until a dry extract is obtained and 2.74 g of crude product is obtained. Washing is carried out with sodium bicarbonate, then after return to the acid and extraction with ethyl acetate, 370 mg of expected product and H ₂ N-C0 ₂ Et are isolated. Furthermore, the aqueous phase is brought to pH = 2 with 36% hydrochloric acid at a temperature below 5 ° C and then extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with a saturated chloride solution. sodium, dry, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure until 22.7 g of expected product is obtained in the form of an oil.Mass spectrum (MH) ^“ = 276 ^“ Infrared (Nujol):1775 cm ^“1 (m), 1720 cm ^{” 1} (F, complex): CO 1611 cm ^“1 : Aromatic Stage b:To the product obtained in stage a), 160 ml of tetrahydrofuran are added and 18.6 g of DCC (1, 3-Dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide) dissolved in 55 ml of tetrahydrofuran are added dropwise over 30 minutes. Stirred for 1 hour at 15-17 ° C, then filtered, rinsed with tetrahydrofuran, evaporated under reduced pressure until a dry extract is obtained which is taken up in isopropyl ether. After 30 minutes of stirring, the filter is washed and dried. 14.98 g of expected product are obtained. α _D = -52.63 ^λ H NMR (DMSO) 2.12 (m, 1H); 2.61 (m, 1H); 2.98 (dm, 1H); 3.16 (ddd, 1H); 5.48 (dd, 1H); 7.82 (m,> 4H)Example 1: (IS-cis) -9- (1, 3-dihydro-1,3, dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) -3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-6,10 -dioxo-6H-pyridazino- [1,2- a] [1,2] diazepine-1-ethyl carboxylate. Stage a: Preparation of 2,5-dibromopentanoic acid 39 ml of bromine are added to a mixture of 106 g of 5-bromopentanoic acid and 1 ml of phosphorus tribromide. The reaction mixture is brought to 70-80 ° C for 16 h 30. The reaction medium is brought to 100 ° C for 15 minutes and allowed to return to room temperature. 147 g of sought product is obtained.Stage b: Preparation of ethyl 2,5-dibromopentanoate24.37 g of oxalyl chloride are added to a mixture containing 50 g of the acid prepared in the preceding stage, 15 drops of dimethylformamide and 300 ml of dichloromethane. The reaction mixture is kept under stirring at at room temperature, until the reaction is complete. The reaction mixture is cooled to 10 ° C and 50 ml of ethyl alcohol are added. Stirred for 30 minutes at 10 ° C, allowed to return to room temperature and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. It is brought to dryness and the desired product is obtained. Stage c: CyclizationPreparation of (S) -tetrahydro-1,2,3-pyridazinetricarboxylate of 3-ethyl-1,2-bis (phenylmethyl) and (R) -tetrahydro-1,2,3-pyridazinetricarboxylate of 1,2 -bis (phenylmethyl). A suspension of 12.1 g of ethyl 2,5-dibromopentanoate (stage b) in 50 ml of diglyme is introduced at 20-25 ° C. in a suspension containing 10.42 g of 1,2-hydrazine carboxylate of bis (phenylmethyl) (preparation 1), 65 ml of diglyme and 8.26 g of potassium carbonate. The suspension obtained is heated to 90 ° C. and stirring is continued for 48 hours. Cooled to 20 ° C, poured into a solution containing 50 ml of 2N hydrochloric acid and 150 ml of a mixture of water and ice. Extraction is carried out with ethyl acetate, washing with water and drying. It is filtered, rinsed with ethyl acetate and dried. Finally, the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica, eluting with a heptane / ethyl acetate mixture 40/20 and 10.71 g of sought product is obtained. Stage d: Acylation and hydrogenolysisPreparation of α, (IS) – [3-oxo-3- (tetrahydro-3-ethoxycarbonyl-1 (2H) -pyridazinyl) propyl] -1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindole acid -2-aceticThe mixture consisting of 15g of tetrahydro-1,2,3-pyridazinetricarboxylate of 3-ethyl-1,2-bis (phenylmethyl) is placed under hydrogen pressure (1.3 bar) for 24 hours. R + S mixture as prepared in stage c 150 ml of tetrahydrofuran, 2.5 g of palladium on carbon (10%) and 9.08 g of phthaloylglutamic acid anhydride as prepared according to preparation 2. After filtration, we evaporated under reduced pressure until a dry extract is obtained which is taken up in 100 ml of ethyl acetate and 150 ml of a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. It is extracted 3 times and the bicarbonate solution is acidified to pH = 3 with 36% hydrochloric acid. It is extracted 3 times with dichloromethane and washed with water. 13.16 g of crude product are obtained, which product is purified by chromatography on silica, eluting with a toluene / ethyl acetate / acetic acid 20/80 / 1.5 mixture to obtain 12.7 g of the expected product.NMR (250MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): 1.24 (d, 3H, OCH ₂ CH ₃ ); 4.12 (q, 2H, OCH ₂ CH ₃ ); 4.36-4.40 (m, 1H, Hl in alpha or beta position); 4.69-4.92 (m, 1H, H9 in the alpha position); 7.70 – 7.86 H aromatic. Stage el: cyclization with POCl ₃– (lS-cis) -9- (1, 3-dihydro-l, 3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) – 3,4,7,8,9, 10-hexahydro-6, 10-dioxo -6H-pyridazino- [1,2- a] [1, 2] ethyl diazepine-1-carboxylate. – (lR-trans) -9- (1, 3-dihydro-1,3, dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) – 3,4,7,8, 9, 10-hexahydro-6,10-dioxo -6H-pyridazino- [1,2-a] [1,2] diazepine-1-ethyl carboxylate.To a solution of 20 ml of dichloroethane heated beforehand to 75 ° C., the following solutions A and B are added over 3 hours: A: 417 mg of the ester prepared in stage d in 4 ml of dichloroethane to which 1 ml of a solution of 1.2 ml of 2,6-lutidine in 5 ml of dichloroethane. B: 1 ml of a solution of 1.9 ml of P0Cl ₃ in 10 ml of dichloroethane, then the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at this temperature. Cool to 10 ° C., add demineralized water, extract with dichloromethane and evaporate under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product (0.415 g) which is purified by chromatography on silica eluting with the heptane / dichloromethane mixture. / ethyl acetate 1/1/1. 161.8 mg of the SS diastereoisomer, 126.7 mg of the SR diastereoisomer and 5.8 mg of the SS + SR mixture are isolated. Stage e2: cyclization with POBr ₃– (lS-cis) -9- (1, 3-dihydro-l, 3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) – 3,4,7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-6, 10-dioxo -6H-pyridazino- [1, 2- a] [1, 2] ethyl diazepine-1-carboxylate. – (lR-trans) -9- (1, 3-dihydro-l, 3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) – 3,4,7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-6, 10-dioxo -6H-pyridazino- [1, 2- a] [1, 2] ethyl diazepine-1-carboxylate.To a solution of 20 ml of dichloroethane heated beforehand to 80 ° C., the following solutions A and B are added over 3 hours:A: 417 mg of the ester prepared in stage d in 4 ml of dichloroethane to which 1 ml of a solution of 2.4 ml of 2,6-lutidine in 10 ml of dichloroethane was added. B: 1 ml of a solution of 5.85 g of POBr ₃ in 10 ml of dichloroethane, then the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at this temperature. Cool to 10 ° C, add demineralized water, extract with dichloromethane and evaporate under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product (0.419 g) which is purified by chromatography on silica eluting with the heptane / dichloromethane / mixture 1/1/1 ethyl acetate. 163 mg of the SS diastereoisomer, 143 mg of the SR diastereoisomer and 6.2 mg of the SS + SR mixture are isolated.Stage f: deracemization / epimerization – (lS-cis) -9- (1, 3-dihydro-l, 3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) – 3,4,7,8, 9, 10-hexahydro -6,10-dioxo-6H-pyridazino- [1, 2- a] [1, 2] ethyl diazepine-1-carboxylate.Is introduced at a temperature of -45 / -48 ° C in one hour 30 minutes, a solution containing 0.029 g of potassium terbutylate and 0.3 ml of dimethylformamide in a mixture containing 0.194 g of the mixture SS + SR prepared in stage d , 1.5 ml of dimethylformamide and 0.75 ml of terbutanol. The mixture is kept stirring for 1 hour and, after cooling to -50 ° C., 0.4 g of powdered ammonium chloride is introduced. Stirred 10 minutes at -45 ° C, add 1 ml of ammonium chloride at 20 ° C and stirred again 10 minutes. 2 ml of water are added after 5 minutes demineralized. Extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with demineralized water, decanted, concentrated and dried. 0.166 g of expected SS diastereoisomer is obtained. ” _D = -75.3 ° (1% in methanol) NMR (250MHz, CDC1 ₃ ): 1.73 (m, 3H, H-2alpha H-3alpha H-3beta; 1.24 (d, 3H, OCH ₂ CH ₃ ); 2.38 (m, 3H, H2beta, H7alpha, H8 alpha); 2.92 (m, 1H, H4alpha); 3.39 – 3.44 (m, 1H, H8beta); 3.62 (m, 1H, H7beta); 4.23 (m, 2H, OCH ₂ CH ₃ ); 4.66-4.71 (m, 1H, H4 in beta position); 5.26-5.41 (m, 2H, Hl and H9 in the alpha position); 7.72 – 7.88 H aromatics.
PATENT
WO 2000010979https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2000010979A1/en

formula II, said compound has the structure:

In the synthesis of these inhibitors, the terminal carbon of Ri adjacent the -COOH moiety contains a protecting substituent. Preferably that protecting

substituent is

The synthesis steps from compound H to the inhibitors set forth above involve removal of the protecting substituent on R_x; coupling of the R₅-NH- or R_5′-NH- moiety in its place; hydrolysis of the R₂ group;N .(CJ₂)_m.—Tand coupling of the amine ( ^(Ch,2)a ^Rs or -NH-Z)in its place. The removal of the protecting substituent on Ri is typically carried out with hydrazine. The subsequent coupling of the R₅-NH- or R_5′-NH- moiety is achieved with standard coupling reagents, such as EDC, DCC or acid chloride . Depending upon the nature of R₂, its hydrolysis may be achieved with an acid (when R₂ is t-butyl), a hydroxide (when R₂ is any other alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl or Ar) or hydrogenolysis (when R₂ is an Ar-substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl) . This produces the corresponding acid from the ester.The acid is then coupled to the amine with standard coupling reagents, such as EDC, DCC or acid chloride .In order that this invention be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. These examples are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. EXAMPLE 1Synthesis of a 7,6 Scaffold for a Caspase InhibitorA.

Compound A’ was dissolved m 5 equivalents of S0C1₂ and then heated to 80°C for 1 hour. The solution was then cooled to 50°C and 2 equivalents of bromine were added. The solution was incubated at 50°C for an additional 12 hours until the red color disappeared. We then cooled the solution to 10°C and added 4 volumes of water. The solution was then re-heated to 50°C for another hour. We then separated the organic and aqueous layer, washed the organic layer consecutively with water, Na₂S0 and then brme, removing the aqueous layer after each washing. The final organic layer was then isolated, dried over Na₂S0 and concentrated to produce compound B’ as an amber oil.B.

Compound B’ was treated with 1 equivalent of tert-butanol and 0.1 equivalents of 4- (dimethylammo) – pyπdme a solution of and the resulting solution cooled to 7°C. We then added a solution of 1 equivalent of DCC m toluene while maintaining reaction temperature at less than 22°C. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with hexane and cooled to 9°C . The resulting solids were removed by filtration. The filtrate was washed consecutively with 0. IN HC1, water, and then sodium bicarbonate. The filtrate was then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford compound C as a yellow oil.C.

Compound D’ was combined with 1.2 equivalents of compound C and dissolved in DMF at ambient temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. We then added granular sodium sulfate, 2.5 equivalents of LiOH monohydrate, and then 0.1 equivalents Bu₄NI to the resulting solution. The reaction temperature was maintained at between 20°C and 30°C and allowed to stir for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate and water and the layers separated. The organic layer was washed with water and then brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to produce an amber oil. This oil was then dissolved in 5 volumes of ethanol at ambient temperature. We then added 2.5 volumes of water. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir until a white solid formed (approximately 5 hours) . The crystallized product was isolated via filtration then dried in vacuo to afford compound E’ as a white solid.D.

We dissolved compound E’ in THF. We then added, at ambient temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere, 0.02 equivalents of triethylamine and 0.01 equivalents of Pd(OAc)₂. A solution of 2.5 equivalents of triethylsilane (Et₃SiH) in THF was then added and the resulting black solution was allowed to stir for 16 hours to complete the reaction. We then added a saturated, aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate followed by a solution of compound F’ in THF. After 30 minutes, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer acidified to pH 4.5 with aqueous citric acid. The product in the aqueous layer was then extracted into ethyl acetate. The organic layer was isolated, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to produce a white foam. This crude product was then recrystallized from MTBE to afford compound G’ as a white powder. E.

Method #1:To a suspension of compound G’ and 0.1 equivalents of DMF m dichloroethane, at 70°C we added 5 equivalents of 2, 6-lutιdme simultaneously with 2.5 equivalents of S0C1₂ over a period of 3 hours. The reaction was then diluted with toluene and washed consecutively with NaHC0₃ and br e. The solution was then dried over Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford compound H’ as a yellow solid.Method #2:To a suspension of compound G’ m dichloroethane, at 70°C, we added 4 equivalents of 2,6- lutid e followed by 2 equivalents of methanesulfonyl chloride. The resulting solution was stirred at 70°C for 12 hours. The reaction was then diluted with toluene and washed consecutively with NaHC0₃ and brme. The solution was then dried over Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford compound H’ as a white solid. Method #2 produced a significantly higher yield of H’ as compared to Method #1. EXAMPLE 2 Use of Intermediate H’ to Produce an Inhibitor of ICE A.

t-Butyl-9-amino-6 , 10-dioxo-l ,2,3,4,7,8,9, 10-octahydro-6- H-pyridazino [1 ,2-a] [1 ,2] diazepine-1-carboxylate (GB2,128,984) To a suspension of H’ (107 g, 0.25 mol) in ethanol (900 iriL) was added hydrazine (27 L, 0.55 mol) and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature. After 4 hours, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting white solid was suspended in acetic acid (IL of 2N) and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The resulting white solid was filtered off and washed with water. The filtrate was made basic by the addition of solid sodium carbonate and the product extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 79 mg of compound I’ as a yellow viscous oil.B.

t-Butyl-9- (isoquinolin-1-oylamino) -6, 10-dioxo- 1,2,3,4,7,8,9, 10-octahydro-6-H-pyridazino [ 1 , 2-a] [1,2] diazepine-1-carboxylate To a solution of the amine I’ (79 g, 0.265 mol) and isoquinolin-1-carboxylic acid (56g, 0.32 mol) in dichloromethane : DMF (400mL: 400mL) was added hydroxybenztriazole (54 g, 0.4 mol) and l-(3- dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (74 g, 0.39 mol) and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with 0.5N sodium bisulfate, water, sodium bicarbonate, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 122 g of compound J’ as an orange solid-foam.C.

9- (isoquinolin-1-oylamino) -6, 10-dioxo-l ,2 ,3 ,4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10- octahydro-6-H-pyridazino [1 ,2-a] [1,2] diazepine-1- carboxylate A solution of the ester J’ (122 g) in dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid (200 mL) was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to a black oil which was then triturated with acetonitrile and ether to afford 98 g of compound K’ as a pale yellow solid. D .

K'[IS, 9S (2RS, 3S) ] N-(2-benzyloxγ-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3- yl) -6 , 10-dιoxo-9- (ιsoquιnolιn-1-oγlamιno) -1,2,3,4,7,8,9, 10-octahydro-6-H-pyrιdazιno [ 1 , 2-a] [1,2] dιazepιne-l-carboxamιde To a solution of (3S, 2RS) 3- allyloxycarbonylammo-2- (4-chlorobenzyl) oxy-5- oxotetrahydrofuran [Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett., 2, pp. 615-618 (1992)] (4.4 g, 15.1 mmol) in dichloromethane was added N, N-dimethylbarbituric acid (5.9g, 3.8 mmol) then tetrakispalladium ( 0) tπphenyl phosphme (1.7 g, 1.5 mmol) and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 15 minutes. To the resulting mixture was added the acid, compound K’ (5.0 g, 12.6 mmol), hydroxybenztπazole (2.0 g, 14.8 mmol) then and 1- (3-dιmethylammopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodιιmιde hydrochloride (2.7g, 14 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to stir for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was then poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were washed with 0.5M sodium bisulfate, water, sodium bicarbonate, br e, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated m vacuo to afford 2.6 g of the crude product as a yellow foam. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (Sι0₂, dichloromethane : acetone 9:1 – 3:1) to afford 1.2 g of the compound L’ . Compound L’ and related compounds that may be synthesized using the method of this invention as an intermediate step are described in WO 97/22619, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. Those related compounds may be synthesized from the product of the method of this invention, H or H’ , through modifications of the procedure set forth in Example 2. Such modifications are well known in the art.
PATENTWO 2001083458https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2001083458A2/enScheme IV

C 2 5,> R’==OH (S)-VI-a *^•* 6 6., R R”==<CI

Example 1

(S) -t-butyl- bis- (1,2-benzyloxycarbonyl) – hexahydropyridazine-3-carboxylate (>90% ee) : To a solution of bis-Cbz hydrazine and (R) -t-butyl-2, 5- dimesylvalerate (from the diol prepared by the method of Schmidt et al., Synthesis, p. 223 (1996)) in DMF was added Na₂S0₄ then TBAF (2.5 equivalents). The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hrs. The reaction was then diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed sequentially with 10% citric acid and brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound. The optical purity of the title compound was greater than 90% ee as determined by HPLC using a ChiralPak^® AD column and eluting with ethanol at 0.7 ml per minute.Example 2

(S) -t-butyl-bis- (1 ,2-benzyloxycarbonyl) – hexahydropyridazine-3-carboxylate (40% ee) : To a solution of bis-Cbz hydrazine and (R) -t-butyl-2, 5-dimesylvalerate(96.5% ee) in DMF was added Na₂S0₄ then K₂C0₃ (5 equivalents) and TBAI (0.1 equivalents). The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 80°C for 24 hrs. The reaction was allowed to cool and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed sequentially with 10% citric acid and brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a 70:30 mixture of the S:R enantiomers (40% ee, as determined by HPLC using a ChiralPak^® AD column, eluting with ethanol at 0.7 ml/min) .Example 3

Racemic t-butyl- bis- (1 ,2-benzyloxycarbonyl) – hexahydropyridazine-3-carboxylate: To a solution of bis- Cbz hydrazine and (R) -t-butyl-2, 5-dimesylvalerate (96.5% ee) in THF was added NaH (2 equivalents) . The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature. The reaction was quenched then diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed sequentially with 10% citric acid and brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂S0₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a racemic mixture.Example 4 A. Deprotection and salt formation

Hexahydro-pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester , L-tartaric acid salt (B) : Compound A was combined with 10% Pd/C (10% w/w) in tetrahydrofuran. The resulting suspension was stirred at 60 °C under a hydrogen atmosphere until deprotection complete. The catalyst was removed via filtration, to the filtrate was added L- tartaric acid (1 equivalent) and the resulting solution concentrated in vacuo.B. Enantiomeric Enrichment

Hθ

The concentrate (B) was taken up in n-butanol(10 volumes), heated to reflux, then allowed to slowly cool to ambient temperature while stirring. The resulting solids were collected via filtration to afford(S) -piperazic acid, t-butyl ester as the tartrate salt (C) in 33% yield.C. Chiral AnalysisCompound (C) was suspended in water and DCM and cooled. We then added NaOH to basify the aqueous layer. The layers were then separated and to the organic layer we added two equivalents of benzyl chloroformate andNaOH. After stirring for 1 hour, the layers were again separated and the organic layer was washed with water.The organic layer was then dried over MgS0₄ and then concentrated in vacuo to produce the bis-Cbz piperazic acid, t-butyl ester for chiral HPLC analysis. The bis-Cbz piperazic acid, t-butyl ester was applied to a Chiralpak AD HPLC column (Chiral Technologies, Exton, PA) and eluted with ethanol at 0.8 ml/minute. Fractions from the column were quantitate by absorption at 210 nm. The results demonstrated that (S)- piperazic acid, t-butyl ester accounted for 94.5% of the piperazic acid, t-butyl ester present in the preparation.

Example 5 Conversion of Intermediate IV to Intermediate Vl-a ^Cbzy

IV’ C0₂t-Bu yi-a C0₂t-Bu Tetrahydro-pyridazine-l,3-dicarboxylic acid 1-benzyl ester 3-tert-butyl ester (Vl-a) : Compound IV (1 mmol) is combined with toluene and sodium hydroxide (aqueous, 2M, 3 equivalents) and the resulting mixture cooled to 1 °C. A solution of benzylchloroformate (1.05 equivalents) in toluene is added while maintaining the reaction pH at 10 or higher by the addition of sodium hydroxide, as needed. After stirring an additional 1 hour, allow the mixture to warm to room temperature then extract with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford Vl-a.Example 6 Conversion of Intermediate X to an Inhibitor of ICE

A. Phthalimide removal to form IX-b

X IX-b t-Butyl-9-amino-6 , 10-dioxo-l ,2,3,4,7,8,9, 10-octa ydro-6-H-pyridazino[l,2-a] [1,2] diazepine-1-carboxylate (GB 2,128,984): To a suspension of X (107 g, 0.25 mol) in ethanol (900 mL) was added hydrazine (27 mL, 0.55 mol) and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature. After 4 hours, the reaction was concentrated in va cuo and the resulting white solid was suspended in acetic acid (1L of 2N) and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The resulting white solid was filtered off and washed with water. The filtrate was made basic by the addition of solid sodium carbonate and the product extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in va cuo to afford 79g of compound IX-b as a yellow viscous oil.B. Formation of compound XII

IX-b XII t-Butyl-9- (isoquinolin-1-oylamino) -6 , 10-dioxo- 1,2,3,4,7,8,9, 10-octahydro-6-H-pyridazino [1 , 2-a] [1,2] diazepine-1-carboxylate (XII) : To a solution of IX-b (79 g, 0.265 mol) and isoquinolin-1-carboxylic acid (56g, 0.32 mol) in dichloromethane and DMF (400mL: 00mL) was added hydroxybenzotriazole (54 g, 0.4 mol) and l-(3- dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (74 g, 0.39 mol) and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with 0.5N sodium bisulfate, water, sodium bicarbonate, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 122 g of compound XII as an orange solid-foam.t-Butyl ester hydrolysis to form compound XIII

XIII 9- (isoquinolin-1-oylamino) -6 , 10-dioxo-l ,2,3,4,7,8,9, 10- octahydro-6-H-pyridazino [1 , 2-a] [1 , 2] diazepine-1- carboxylate (XIII) : A solution of the ester XII (from step B) (122 g) in dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid (200 mL) was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to a black oil which was then triturated with acetonitrile and ether to afford 98 g of compound XIII as a pale yellow solid.D. Formation of compound 4-b

[1S, 9S (2RS,3S) ]N- (2-benzyloxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3- yl) -6,10-dioxo-9- (isoquinolin-1-oylamino) – 1,2,3,4,7,8,9, 10-octahydro-6-H-pyridazino [1 , 2-a] [1,2] diazepine-1-carboxamide (4-b) : To a solution of (3S, 2RS) 3-allyloxycarbonylamino-2-benzyloxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran [Bioorq. & Med. Chem. Lett., 2, pp. 615-618 (1992)] (4.4 g, 15.1 mmol) in dichloromethane was added N,N- dimethylbarbituric acid (5.9g, 3.8 mmol) then tetrakispalladium(O) triphenyl phosphine (1.7 g, 1.5 mmol) and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 15 minutes. To the resulting mixture was added the acid, compound XIII (from step C) (5.0 g, 12.6 mmol), hydroxybenzotriazole (2.0 g, 14.8 mmol), then 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (2.7g, 14 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to stir for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was then poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were washed with 0.5M sodium bisulfate, water, sodium bicarbonate, brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2.6 g of the crude product as a yellow foam. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (Si0₂, dichloromethane: acetone 9:1 – 3:1) to afford 1.2 g of the compound 4-b. Compounds of formulae VII and VIII, and related compounds, that may be synthesized using the method of this invention as an intermediate step are described in WO 97/22619 and United States Patent 6,204,261 the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. Those related compounds may be synthesized from the product of the method of this invention, I, IV, or V, through modifications of the procedure set forth in Examples 4 through 6. Such modifications are well known in the art.PATENTUS 6559304https://patents.google.com/patent/US6559304B1PATENTWO 2008074816https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2008074816A1/en

Patent

Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitleEP0094095A2 *1982-05-121983-11-16F. Hoffmann-La Roche AgBicyclic carboxylic acids and their alkyl and aralkyl estersUS4692438A *1984-08-241987-09-08Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.Pyridazo-diazepines, diazocines, and -triazepines having anti-hypertensive activityWO1993023403A1 *1992-05-151993-11-25Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc.NOVEL MERCAPTOACETYLAMIDO PYRIDAZO[1,2]PYRIDAZINE, PYRAZOLO[1,2]PYRIDAZINE, PYRIDAZO[1,2-a][1,2]DIAZEPINE AND PYRAZOLO[1,2-a][1,2]DIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS INHIBITORS OF ENKEPHALINASE AND ACEWO1994011353A1 *1992-11-121994-05-26University College LondonProcess for the preparation of (3r)- and (3s)-piperazic acid derivativesWO1995035308A1 *1994-06-171995-12-28Vertex Pharmaceuticals IncorporatedINHIBITORS OF INTERLEUKIN-1β CONVERTING ENZYMEFamily To Family CitationsUS6204261B11995-12-202001-03-20Vertex Pharmaceuticals IncorporatedInhibitors of interleukin-1β Converting enzyme inhibitorsFR2777888B11998-04-272004-07-16Hoechst Marion Roussel IncNOVEL DERIVATIVES OF ACID (3,4,7,8,9,10-HEXAHYDRO-6,10- DIOXO-6H-PYRIDAZINO [1,2-A] [1,2] DIAZEPINE-1-CARBOXYLIC, THEIR PROCESS OF PREPARATION AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE PREPARATION OF MEDICINESFR2777889B11998-04-272004-07-09Hoechst Marion Roussel IncNOVEL DERIVATIVES OF OCTAHYDRO-6,10-DIOXO-6H- PYRIDAZINO [1,2-A] [1,2] DIAZEPINE-1-CARBOXYLIC, THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE PREPARATION OF THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

////////////////Pralnacasan, VX 740, VX 470, HMR 3480, пралнаказан , برالناكاسان , 普那卡生 ,

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6H-Pyridazino(1,2-a)(1,2)diazepine-1-carboxamide, N-((2R,3S)-2-ethoxytetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furanyl)octahydro-9-((1-isoquinolinylcarbonyl)amino)-6,10-dioxo-, (1S,9S)-

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