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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, NIPER-G, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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Plinabulin

January 30, 2017 11:56 am / Leave a comment

Plinabulin

Molecular FormulaC₁₉H₂₀N₄O₂
Average mass336.388 Da

(3Z,6Z)-3-Benzylidène-6-{[4-(2-méthyl-2-propanyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]méthylène}-2,5-pipérazinedione

2,5-Piperazinedione, 3-[[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]methylene]-6-(phenylmethylene)-, (3Z,6Z)-

CAS 714272-27-2

NPI 2358

NPI-2358; NPI 2358

UNII:986FY7F8XR

Phase 3 Clinical

Tubulin antagonist

Cancer; Febrile neutropenia; Non-small-cell lung cancer

Plinabulin (chemical structure, BPI-2358, formerly NPI-2358) is a small molecule under development by BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals, and is in a world-wide Phase 3 clinical trial for non-small cell lung cancer. ^[1] Plinabulin blocks the polymerization of tubulin in a unique manner, resulting in multi-factorial effects including an enhanced immune-oncology response, ^[2] activation of the JNK pathway ^[3] and disruption of the tumor blood supply. Plinabulin is being investigated for the reduction of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia ^[4] and for anti-cancer effects in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors ^[5] ^[6] and in KRAS mutated tumors. ^[7]

ChemSpider 2D Image | Plinabulin | C19H20N4O2

Plinabulin is a synthetic analog of diketopiperazine phenylahistin (halimide) discovered from marine and terrestrial Aspergillus sp. Plinabulin is structurally different from colchicine and its combretastatin-like analogs (eg, fosbretabulin) and binds at or near the colchicine binding site on tubulin monomers. Previous studies showed that plinabulin induced vascular endothelial cell tubulin depolymerization and monolayer permeability at low concentrations compared with colchicine and that it induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia cells. Studies of plinabulin as a single agent in patients with advanced malignancies (lung, prostate, and colon cancers) showed a favorable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and safety profile.

Beyondspring, under license from Nereus (now Triphase, which licensed the program from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography of the University of California San Diego), is developing plinabulin, the lead in the NPI-2350 halimide series of marine Aspergillus-derived, vascular-targeting antimicrotubule agents, for treating cancer, primarily non-small cell lung cancer.

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It is thought that a single, universal cellular mechanism controls the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle process. See, e.g., Hartwpll, L.H. et al., Science (1989), 246: 629-34. It is also known that when an abnormality arises in the control mechanism of the cell cycle, cancer or an immune disorder may occur. Accordingly, as is also known, antitumor agents and immune suppressors may be among the substances that regulate the cell cycle. Thus, new methods for producing eukaryotic cell cycle inhibitors are needed as antitumor and immune-enhancing compounds, and should be useful in the treatment of human cancer as chemotherapeutic, anti-tumor agents. See, e.g., Roberge, M. et al., Cancer Res. (1994), 54, 6115-21.

Fungi, especially pathogenic fungi and related infections, represent an increasing clinical challenge. Existing antifungal agents are of limited efficacy and toxicity, and the development and/or discovery of strains of pathogenic fungi that are resistant to drags currently available or under development. By way of example, fungi that are pathogenic in humans include among others Candida spp. including C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. keƒyr, C. krusei and C. galbrata; Aspergillus spp. including A. fumigatus and A. flavus; Cryptococcus neoƒormans; Blastomyces spp. including Blastomyces dermatitidis; Pneumocystis carinii; Coccidioides immitis; Basidiobolus ranarum; Conidiobolus spp.; Histoplasma capsulatum; Rhizopus spp. including R. oryzae and R. microsporus; Cunninghamella spp.; Rhizomucor spp.; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; Pseudallescheria boydii; Rhinosporidium seeberi; and Sporothrix schenckii (Kwon-Chung, K.J. & Bennett, J.E. 1992 Medical Mycology, Lea and Febiger, Malvern, PA).

Recently, it has been reported that tryprostatins A and B (which are diketopiperazines consisting of proline and isoprenylated tryptophan residues), and five other structurally-related diketopiperazines, inhibited cell cycle progression in the M phase, see Cui, C. et al., 1996 J Antibiotics 49:527-33; Cui, C. et al. 1996 J Antibiotics 49:534-40, and that these compounds also affect the microtubule assembly, see Usui, T. et al. 1998 Biochem J 333:543-48; Kondon, M. et al. 1998 J Antibiotics 51:801-04. Furthermore, natural and synthetic compounds have been reported to inhibit mitosis, thus inhibit the eukaryotic cell cycle, by binding to the colchicine binding-site (CLC-site) on tubulin, which is a macromolecule that consists of two 50 kDa subunits (α- and β-tubulin) and is the major constituent of microtubules. See, e.g., Iwasaki, S., 1993 Med Res Rev 13:183-198; Hamel, E. 1996 Med Res Rev 16:207-31; Weisenberg, R.C. et al., 1969 Biochemistry 7:4466-79. Microtubules are thought to be involved in several essential cell functions, such as axonal transport, cell motility and determination of cell morphology. Therefore, inhibitors of microtubule function may have broad biological activity, and be applicable to medicinal and agrochemical purposes. It is also possible that colchicine (CLC)-site ligands such as CLC, steganacin, see Kupchan, S.M. et al., 1973 J Am Chem Soc 95:1335-36, podophyllotoxin, see Sackett, D.L., 1993 Pharmacol Ther 59:163-228, and combretastatins, see Pettit, G.R. et al., 1995 J Med Chem 38:166-67, may prove to be valuable as eukaryotic cell cycle inhibitors and, thus, may be useful as chemotherapeutic agents.

Although diketopiperazine-type metabolites have been isolated from various fungi as mycotoxins, see Horak R.M. et al., 1981 JCS Chem Comm 1265-67; Ali M. et al., 1898 Toxicology Letters 48:235-41, or as secondary metabolites, see Smedsgaard J. et al., 1996 J Microbiol Meth 25:5-17, little is known about the specific structure of the diketopiperazine-type metabolites or their derivatives and their antitumor activity, particularly in vivo. Not only have these compounds been isolated as mycotoxins, the chemical synthesis of one type of diketopiperazine-type metabolite, phenylahistin, has been described by Hayashi et al. in J. Org. Chem. (2000) 65, page 8402. In the art, one such diketopiperazine-type metabolite derivative, dehydrophenylahistin, has been prepared by enzymatic dehydrogenation of its parent phenylahistin. With the incidences of cancer on the rise, there exists a particular need for chemically producing a class of substantially purified diketopiperazine-type metabolite-derivatives having animal cell-specific proliferation-inhibiting activity and high antitumor activity and selectivity. There is therefore a particular need for an efficient method of synthetically producing substantially purified, and structurally and biologically characterized, diketopiperazine-type metabolite-derivatives.

Also, PCT Publication WO/0153290 (July 26, 2001) describes a non-synthetic method of producing dehydrophenylahistin by exposing phenylahistin or a particular phenylahistin analog to a dehydrogenase obtained from Streptomyces albulus.

Synthesis

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PATENT

WO2001053290,

WO 2004054498

PATENT

WO 2005077940

The imidazolecarboxaldehyde may be prepared, for example, according the procedure disclosed in Hayashi et al., 2000 J Organic Chem 65: 8402 as depicted below:

EXAMPLE 2

Synthesis and Physical Characterization of tBu-dehydrophenylahistin Derivatives

[0207] Structural derivatives of dehydrophenylahistin were synthesized according to the following reaction schemes to produce tBu-dehydrophenylahistin. Synthesis by Route

A (see Figure 1) is similar in certain respects to the synthesis of the dehydrophenylahistin synthesized as in Example 1.

Route A:

[0208] N,N’-diacethyl-2,5-piperazinedione 1 was prepared as in Example 1.

1) 1-Acetyl-3-{(Z)-1-[5-tert-butyl-1H-4-imidazolyl]methylidene}]-2,5-piperazinedione (16)

. [0209] To a solution of 5-tert-butylimidazole-4-carboxaldehyde 15 (3.02 g, 19.8. mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added compound 1 (5.89 g, 29.72 mmol) and the solution was repeatedly evacuated in a short time to remove oxygen and flushed with Ar, followed by the addition of Cs₂CO₃ (9.7 g, 29.72 mmol) and the evacuation-flushing process was repeated again. The resultant mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. After the solvent was removed by evaporation, the residue was dissolved in the mixture of EtOAc and 10% Na₂CO₃, and the organic phase was washed with 10% Na₂CO₃ again and saturated NaCl for three times, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residual oil was purified by column chromatography on silica using CHCl₃-MeOH (100:0 to 50:1) as an eluant to give 1.90 g (33 %) of a pale yellow solid 16. ¹H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 12.14 (d, br-s, 1H), 9.22 (br-s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.18, (s, 1H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

2) t-Bu-dehydrophenylahistin

[0210] To a solution of 1-Acetyl-3-{(Z)-1-[5-tert-butyl-1H-4-imidazolyl]methylidene}]-2,5-piperazinedione (16) (11 mg, 0.038 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) was added benzaldehyde (19 μL, 0.19 mmol, 5 eq) and the solution was repeatedly evacuated in a short time to remove oxygen and flushed with Ar, followed by the addition of Cs₂CO₃ (43 mg, 0.132 mmol, 3.5 eq) and the evacuation-flushing process was repeated again. The resultant mixture was heated for 2.5 h at 80°C. After the solvent was removed by

evaporation, the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, washed with water for two times and saturated NaCl for three times, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in 90% MeOH aq and applied to reverse-phase HPLC column (YMC-Pack, ODS-AM, 20 × 250 mm) and eluted using a linear gradient from 70 to 74% MeOH in water over 16 min at a flow rate of 12 mL/min, and the desired fraction was collected and concentrated by evaporation to give a 6.4 mg (50%) of yellow colored tert-butyl-dehydrophenylahistin. ¹H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 12.34 br-s, 1H), 9.18 (br-s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.31 – 7.49 (m, 5H), 7.01 s, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

[0211] The dehydrophenylahistin reaction to produce tBu-dehydrophenylahistin is identical to Example 1.

[0212] The total yield of the tBu-dehydrophenylahistin recovered was 16.5%. Route B:

[0213] N,N’-diacethyl-2,5-piperazinedione 1 was prepared as in Example 1.

1) 1-Acetyl-3-[(Z)-benzylidenel]-2,5-piperazinedione (17)

[0214] To a solution of benzaldehyde 4 (0.54 g, 5.05. mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added compound 1 (2.0 g, 10.1 mmol) and the solution was repeatedly evacuated in a short time to remove oxygen and flushed with Ar, followed by the addition of Cs₂CO₃ (1.65 g, 5.05 mmol) and the evacuation-flushing process was repeated again. The resultant mixture was stirred for 3.5 h at room temperature. After the solvent was removed by evaporation, the residue was dissolved in the mixture of EtOAc and 10% Na₂CO₃, and the organic phase was washed with 10% Na₂CO₃ again and saturated NaCl for three times, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residual solid was recrystalized from MeOH-ether to obtain a off-white solid of 17; yield 1.95 g (79%).

2) t-Bu-dehydrophenylahistin

[0215] To a solution of 1-Acetyl-3-[(Z)-benzylidenel]-2,5-piperazinedione (17) (48 mg, 0.197 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) was added 5-tert-butylimidazole-4-carboxaldehyde 15 (30 mg, 0.197 mmol) and the solution was repeatedly evacuated in a short time to remove oxygen and flushed with Ar, followed by the addition of Cs₂CO₃ (96 mg, 0.296 mmol) and the evacuation-flushing process was repeated again. The resultant mixture was heated for 14 h at 80°C. After the solvent was removed by evaporation, the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, washed with water for two times and saturated NaCl for three times, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in 90% MeOH aq and applied to reverse-phase HPLC column (YMC-Pack, ODS-AM, 20 x 250 mm) and eluted using a linear gradient from 70 to 74% MeOH in water over 16 min at a flow rate of 12 mL/min, and the desired fraction was collected and concentrated by evaporation to give a 0.8 mg (1.2%) of yellow colored tert-butyl-dehydrophenylahistin.

[0216] The total yield of the tBu-dehydrophenylahistin recovered was 0.9%.

[0217] The HPLC profile of the crude synthetic tBu-dehyrophenylahistin from Route A and from Route B is depicted in Figure 4.

[0218] Two other tBu-dehydrophenylahistin derivatives were synthesized according to the method of Route A. In the synthesis of the additional tBu-dehydrophenylahistin derivatives, modifications to the benzaldehyde compound 4 were made.

[0219] Figure 4 illustrates the similarities of the HPLC profiles (Column: YMC-Pack ODS-AM (20 × 250mm); Gradient: 65% to 75% in a methanol-water system for 20 min, then 10 min in a 100% methanol system; Flow rate: 12mL/min; O.D. 230 nm) from the synthesized dehydrophenylahistin of Example 1 (Fig 2) and the above exemplified tBu-dehydrophenylahistin compound produced by Route A.

[0220] The sequence of introduction of the aldehydes is a relevant to the yield and is therefore aspect of the synthesis. An analogue of dehydrophenylahistin was synthesized, as a confrol or model, wherein the dimethylallyl group was changed to the tert-butyl group with a similar steric hindrance at the 5-position of the imidazole ring.

[0221] The synthesis of this “tert-butyl (tBu)-dehydrophenylahistin” using “Route A” was as shown above: Particularly, the sequence of infroduction of the aldehyde exactly follows the dehydrophenylahistin synthesis, and exhibited a total yield of 16.5% tBu-dehydrophenylahistin. This yield was similar to that of dehydrophenylahistin (20%). Using “Route B”, where the sequence of introduction of the aldehydes is opposite that of Route “A” for the dehydrophenylahistin synthesis, only a trace amount of the desired tBu-dehydroPLH was obtained with a total yield of 0.9%, although in the introduction of first benzaldehyde 4 gave a 76% yield of the intermediate compound 17. This result indicated that it may be difficult to introduce the highly bulky imidazole-4-carboxaldehydes 15 with a substituting group having a quaternary-carbon on the adjacent 5-position at the imidazole ring into the intermediate compound 17, suggesting that the sequence for introduction of aldehydes is an important aspect for obtaining a high yield of dehydrophenylahistin or an analog of dehydrophenylahistin employing the synthesis disclosed herein:

[0222] From the HPLC analysis of the final crude products, as shown in Figure 4, a very high content of tBu-dehydrophenylahistin and small amount of by-product formations were observed in the crude sample of Route A (left). However, a relatively smaller amount of the desired tBu-dehydrophenylahistin and several other by-products were observed in the sample obtained using Route B (right).

Synthesis oƒ 3-Z-Benzylidene-6-(5″-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4″-Z-ylmethylene)-piperazine-2,5-dione (2)

Reagents: g) SO₂Cl₂; h) H₂NCHO, H₂O; I)LiAlH₄; j) MnO₂; k) 1,4-diacetyl-piperazine-2,5-dione, Cs₂CO₃; 1) benzaldehyde, Cs₂CO₃

2-Chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester

[0280] Sulfuryl chloride (14.0 ml, 0.17 mol) was added to a cooled (0°) solution of ethyl pivaloylacetate (27.17 g, 0.16 mol) in chloroform (100 ml). The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 30 min, after which it was heated under reflux for 2.5 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with chloroform, then washed with sodium bicarbonate, water then brine.

[0281] The organic phase was dried and evaporated to afford, as a clear oil, 2-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (33.1 g, 102%). (Durant et al., “Aminoalkylimidazoles and Process for their Production.” Patent No. GB1341375 (Great Britain, 1973)).

[0282] HPLC (214nm) t_R = 8.80 (92.9%) min.

[0283] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.27 (s, 9H); 1.29 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H); 4.27

(q, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H); 5.22 (s, 1H).

[0284] ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 13.8, 26.3, 45.1, 54.5, 62.9, 165.1, 203.6.

5-tert-Butyl-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

[0285] A solution of 2-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (25.0 g, 0.12 mol) in formamide (47.5 ml) and water (2.5 ml) was shaken, then dispensed into 15 x 8 ml vials. All vials were sealed and then heated at 150° for 3.5 h. The vials were allowed to cool to room temperature, then water (20 ml) was added and the mixture was exhaustively extracted with chloroform. The chloroform was removed to give a concentrated formamide solution (22.2 g) which was added to a flash silica column (6 cm diameter, 12 cm height) packed in 1% MeOH/1% Et₃N in chloroform. Elution of the column with 2.5 L of this mixture followed by 1 L of 2% MeOH/1% Et₃N in chloroform gave, in the early fractions, a product suspected of being 5-tert-butyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6.3 g, 26%).

[0286] HPLC (214nm) t_R = 8.77 min.

[0287] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.41 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H); 1.43 (s, 9H); 4.40

(q, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H); 7.81 (s, 1H).

[0288] ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 14.1, 28.8, 32.5, 61.3, 136.9, 149.9, 156.4,

158.3.

[0289] ESMS m/z 198.3 [M+H]⁺, 239.3 [M+CH₄CN]⁺.

[0290] LC/MS t_R = 7.97 (198.1 [M+H]⁺) min.

[0291] Recovered from later fractions was 5-tert-butyl-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6.20 g, 26%). (Durant et al., “Aminoalkylimidazoles and Process for their Production.” Patent No. GB 1341375 (Great Britain, 1973)).

[0292] HPLC (214nm) t_R = 5.41 (93.7%) min.

[0293] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.38 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H); 1.47 (s, 9H); 4.36

(q, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H); 7.54 (s, 1H).

[0294] ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 13 7, 28.8, 32.0, 59.8, 124.2, 133.3, 149.2,

162.6.

[0295] ESMS m/z 197.3 [M+H]⁺, 238.3 [M+CH₄CN]⁺.

[0296] Further elution of the column with 1L of 5% MeOh/1% Et₃N gave a compound suspected of being 5-tert-butyl-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.50 g, 2%).

[0297] HPLC (245nm) t_R = 4.68 (83.1%) min.

[0298] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 1.36 (s, 9H); 7.69 (s, 1H).

[0299] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.37 (s, 9H); 7.74 (s, 1H).

[0300] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃SO) δ 1.28 (s, 9H); 7.68 (s, 1H).

[0301] ESMS m/z 169.2 [M+H]⁺, 210.4 [M+CH₄CN]⁺.

(5-tert-Butyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol

[0302] A solution of 5-tert-butyl-3-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3.30 g, 16.8 mmol) in THF (60 ml) was added dropwise to a suspension of lithium aluminium hydride (95% suspension, 0.89 g, 22.2 mmol) in THF (40 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Water was added until the evolution of gas ceased, the mixture was stirred for 10 min, then was filtered through a sintered funnel. The precipitate was washed with THF, then with methanol, the filtrate and washings were combined and evaporated. The residue was freeze-dried overnight to afford, as a white solid (5-tert-butyl- 3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol (2.71 g, 105%). (Durant et al., “Aminoalkylimidazoles and Process for their Production.” Patent No. GB1341375 (Great Britain, 1973)).

[0303] HPLC (240nm) t_R = 3.70 (67.4%) min.

[0304] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 1 36 (s, 9H). 4 62 (s, 2H); 7.43 (s, 1H).

[0305] ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 31.1, 33.0, 57.9, 131.4, 133.9, 140.8.

[0306] LC/MS t_R = 3.41 (155.2 [M+H]⁺) min.

[0307] This material was used without further purification.

5-tert-Butyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde

[0308] Manganese dioxide (30 g, 0.35 mol) was added to a heterogeneous solution of (5-tert-butyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol (4.97 g, 0.03 mol) in acetone (700 ml) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the pad was washed with acetone. The filfrate and washings were combined and evaporated. The residue was triturated with ether to afford, as a colorless solid, 5-tert-butyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde (2.50 g, 51%). (Hayashi, Personal Communication (2000)).

[0309] HPLC (240nm) t_R = 3.71 (89.3%) min.

[0310] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.48 (s, 9H); 7.67 (s, 1H); 10.06 (s, 1H).

[0311] LC/MS t_R = 3.38 (153.2 [M+H]⁺) min.

[0312] Evaporation of the filtrate from the trituration gave additional 5-tert-butyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde (1.88 g, 38%).

1-Acetyl-3-(5′-tert-butyl-1H-imdazol-4′-Z-ylmethylene)-piperazine-2,5-dione

[0313] To a solution of 5-tert-butyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde (2.50 g, 164.4 mmol) in DMF (50 ml) was added 1,4-diacetyl-piperazine-2,5-dione (6.50 g, 32.8 mmol) and the solution was evacuated, then flushed with argon. The evacuation-flushing process was repeated a further two times, then cesium carbonate (5.35 g, 16.4 mmol) was added. The evacuation-flushing process was repeated a further three times, then the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h. The reaction mixture was partially evaporated (heat and high vacuum) until a small volume remained and the resultant solution was added dropwise to water (100 ml). The yellow precipitate was collected, then freeze-dried to afford 1-acetyl-3-(5′-tert-butyl-1Η-imidazol-4′-Z-ylmethylene)-piperazine-2,5-dione (2.24 g, 47%). (Hayashi, Personal Communication (2000)).

[0314] HPLC (214nm) t_R = 5.54 (94.4%) min.

[0315] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.47 (s, 9H); 2.65 (s, 3H), 4.47 (s, 2H);

7.19 (s, 1H); 7.57 (s, 1H), 9.26 (s, 1H), 12.14 (s, 1H).

[0316] ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI₃+CD₃OD) δ 27.3, 30.8, 32.1, 46.5, 110.0,

123.2, 131.4, 133.2, 141.7, 160.7, 162.8, 173.0

[0317] LC/MS t_R = 5.16 (291.2 [M+H]⁺, 581.6 [2M+H]⁺) min.

3-Z-Benzylidene-6-(5″-tert-butyl-lH-imidazol-4″-Z-ylmethylene)-piperazine-2,5-dione

[0318] To a solution of 1-acetyl-3-(5′-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4′-Z-ylmethylene)-piperazine-2,5-dione (2.43 g, 8.37 mmol) in DMF (55 ml) was added benzaldehyde (4.26 ml, 41.9 mmol) and the solution was evacuated, then flushed with nitrogen. The evacuation-

flushing process was repeated a further two times, then cesium carbonate (4.09 g, 12.6 mmol) was added. The evacuation-flushing process was repeated a further three times, then the resultant mixture was heated under the temperature gradient as shown below. After a total time of 5 h the reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature and the mixture was added to ice-cold water (400 ml). The precipitate was collected, washed with water, then freeze-dried to afford a yellow solid (2.57 g, HPLC (214nm) t_R = 6.83 (83.1%) min.). This material was dissolved in chloroform (100 ml) and evaporated to azeofrope remaining water, resulting in a brown oil. This was dissolved in chloroform (20 ml) and cooled in ice. After 90 min the yellow precipitate was collected and air-dried to afford 3-Z-benzylidene-6-(5″-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4″-Z-ylmethylene)-piperazine-2,5-dione (1.59 g, 56%). (Hayashi, Personal Communication (2000)).

[0319] HPLC (214nm) t_R = 6.38 (2.1%), 6.80 (95.2) min.

[0320] ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.46 (s, pH). 7 01 (s, 1H, -C-C=CH); 7.03

(s, 1H, -C-C=CH); 7.30-7.50 (m, 5H, Ar); 7.60 (s, 1H); 8.09 (bs, NH); 9.51 (bs, NH); 12.40 (bs, NH).

[0321] LC/MS t_R = 5.84 (337.4 [M+H]⁺, E isomer), 6.25 (337.4 [M+H]⁺, 673.4 [2M+H]⁺, Z isomer) min.

[0322] ESMS m/z 337.3 [M+H]⁺, 378.1 [M+OLGNT.

[0323] Evaporation of the chloroform solution gave additional 3-Z-benzylidene-6-(5″-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4″-Z-ylmethylene)-piperazine-2,5-dione (0.82 g, 29%). ΗPLC (214nm) t_R = 6.82 (70.6%) min.

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2012), 55(3), 1056-1071

Abstract Image

Plinabulin (11, NPI-2358) is a potent microtubule-targeting agent derived from the natural diketopiperazine “phenylahistin” (1) with a colchicine-like tubulin depolymerization activity. Compound 11 was recently developed as VDA and is now under phase II clinical trials as an anticancer drug. To develop more potent antimicrotubule and cytotoxic derivatives based on the didehydro-DKP skeleton, we performed further modification on the tert-butyl or phenyl groups of 11, and evaluated their cytotoxic and tubulin-binding activities. In the SAR study, we developed more potent derivatives 33 with 2,5-difluorophenyl and 50 with a benzophenone in place of the phenyl group. The anti-HuVEC activity of 33 and 50 exhibited a lowest effective concentration of 2 and 1 nM for microtubule depolymerization, respectively. The values of 33 and 50 were 5 and 10 times more potent than that of CA-4, respectively. These derivatives could be a valuable second-generation derivative with both vascular disrupting and cytotoxic activities.

Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Antimicrotubule Agents Phenylahistin Derivatives with a Didehydropiperazine-2,5-dione Structure

Yuri Yamazaki†‡, Koji Tanaka‡, Benjamin Nicholson§, Gordafaried Deyanat-Yazdi§, Barbara Potts§, Tomoko Yoshida‡, Akiko Oda‡, Takayoshi Kitagawa‡, Sumie Orikasa‡, Yoshiaki Kiso‡, Hiroyuki Yasui∥, Miki Akamatsu⊥, Takumi Chinen#, Takeo Usui#, Yuki Shinozaki†, Fumika Yakushiji†, Brian R. Miller§, Saskia Neuteboom§, Michael Palladino§, Kaneo Kanoh∇, George Kenneth Lloyd§, and Yoshio Hayashi *†‡

^† Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan

^‡ Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan

^§Nereus Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California 92121, United States

^∥ Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan

^⊥ Laboratory of Comparative Agricultural Science, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

^# Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan

^∇Marine Biotechnology Institute Co., Ltd., Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan

J. Med. Chem., 2012, 55 (3), pp 1056–1071

DOI: 10.1021/jm2009088

*Tel/fax: +81-42-676-3275. E-mail: yhayashi@toyaku.ac.jp.

3-{(Z)-1-[5-(tert-Butyl)-1H-4-imidazolyl]methylidene}-6-[(Z)-1-phenylmethylidene]-2,5-piperazinedione

Compound 11 as a yellow solid: yield 81%;

mp 160–162 °C (dec);

IR (KBr, cm^–1) 3500, 3459, 3390, 3117, 3078, 2963, 2904, 1673, 1636, 1601, 1413, 1371, 1345;

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.26 (s, 2H), 10.16 (br s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.5 Hz 2H), 7.32 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H);

¹³C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 157.2, 156.4, 145.3, 137.4, 134.5, 133.1, 129.1, 128.6, 127.9, 126.4, 113.9, 112.0, 104.5, 37.4, 27.7;

HRMS (EI) m/z 336.1591 (M⁺) (calcd for C₁₉H₂₀N₄O₂ 336.1586).

Anal. (C₁₉H₂₀N₄O₂·0.25H₂O·CF₃COOH) C, H, N. HPLC (method 1) 99.4% (t_R = 18.87 min).

PAPER

Chemistry – A European Journal (2011), 17(45), 12587-12590, S12587/1-S12587/13

Abstract

Click for improved solubility: A water-soluble prodrug of plinabulin was designed and synthesized efficiently by using click chemistry in three steps (see scheme). The product was highly water-soluble, and the parent compound could be regenerated by esterase hydrolysis.

PATENT

WO2017011399, PLINABULIN COMPOSITIONS

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017011399&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

References

“Assessment of Docetaxel + Plinabulin Compared to Docetaxel + Placebo in Patients With Advanced NSCLC With at Least One Measurable Lung Lesion (DUBLIN-3)”.
Lloyd, G.K.; Muller, Ph.; Kashyap, A.; Zippelius, A.; Huang, L. (January 7–9, 2016), Plinabulin: Evidence for an Immune Mediated Mechanism of Action (Philadelphia (PA) AACR 2016 Abstract nr A07), San Diego CA
Singh, A.V.; Bandi, M.; Raje, N.; Richardson, P.; Palladino, M.A.; Chauhan, D.; Anderson, K. (2011). “A Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent Plinabulin Triggers JNK-Mediated Apoptosis and Inhibits Angiogenesis in Multiple Myeloma Cells”. Blood. 117 (21): 5692–5700.
Heist, R.S.; Aren, O.R.; Mita, A.C.; Polikoff, J.; Bazhenova, L.; Lloyd, G.K.; Mikrut, W.; Reich, W.; Spear, M.A.; Huang, L. (2014), Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Plinabulin (NPI-2358) Plus Docetaxel in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (abstr 8054)
“Nivolumab and Plinabulin in Treating Patients With Stage IIIB-IV, Recurrent, or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer”.
“Nivolumab in Combination With Plinabulin in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)”.
Lloyd, G.K.; Du, L.; Lee, G.; Dalsing-Hernandez, J.; Kotlarczyk, K.; Gonzalez, K.; Nawrocki, S.; Carew, J.; Huang, L. (October 5–9, 2015), Activity of Plinabulin in Tumor Models with Kras Mutations (Philadelphia (PA) AACR 2015 Abstract nr. 184), Boston MA

Plinabulin
Names

IUPAC name (3Z,6Z)-3-Benzylidene-6-{[5-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]methylene}-2,5-piperazinedione
Identifiers
CAS Number	714272-27-2
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	8125252
PubChem	9949641
InChI [show]
SMILES [show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₉H₂₀N₄O₂
Molar mass	336.40 g·mol⁻¹
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

////////////Plinabulin, Phase 3, Clinical, 714272-27-2, NPI 2358, Nereus, (S)-(-)-phenylahistin, NPI-2350, (-)-phenylahistin, KPU-2, KPU-02, KPU-35

O=C3N\C(=C/c1ncnc1C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N/C3=C\c2ccccc2

BMS-960

January 30, 2017 11:54 am / Leave a comment

BMS-960

PRECLINICAL

(S)-1-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic Acid

3-Piperidinecarboxylic acid, 1-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-[5-[3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]-, (3S)-

(S)-1-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic Acid

CAS 1265321-86-5 FREE FORM

FREE FORM 528.48, C₂₆ H₂₃ F₃ N₄ O₅

CAS 1265323-40-7 HCL SALT

BASIC PATENT WO201117578, 2011, (US Patent 8399451)

Inventors	John L. Gilmore, James E. Sheppeck
Applicant	Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

Image result for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is the endogenous ligand for the sphingosine-1-phophate receptors (S1P_1–5) and triggers a number of cellular responses through their stimulation. S1P and its interaction with the S1P receptors play a significant role in a variety of biological processes including vascular stabilization, heart development, lymphocyte homing, and cancer angiogenesis. Agonism of S1P₁, especially, has been shown to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking from the thymus and secondary lymphoid organs, inducing immunosuppression, which has been established as a novel mechanism of treatment for immune diseases and vascular diseases

Sphingosine-1 -phosphate (SlP) has been demonstrated to induce many cellular effects, including those that result in platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, cell morphology, tumor cell invasion, endothelial cell and leukocyte chemotaxis, endothelial cell in vitro angiogenesis, and lymphocyte trafficking. SlP receptors are therefore good targets for a wide variety of therapeutic applications such as tumor growth inhibition, vascular disease, and autoimmune diseases. SlP signals cells in part via a set of G protein-coupled receptors named SlPi or SlPl, SlP₂ or S1P2, SlP₃ or S1P3, SlP₄ Or S1P4, and SlP₅ or S1P5 (formerly called EDG-I, EDG-5, EDG-3, EDG-6, and EDG-8, respectively).

SlP is important in the entire human body as it is also a major regulator of the vascular and immune systems. In the vascular system, SlP regulates angiogenesis, vascular stability, and permeability. In the immune system, SlP is recognized as a major regulator of trafficking of T- and B-cells. SlP interaction with its receptor SlPi is needed for the egress of immune cells from the lymphoid organs (such as thymus and lymph nodes) into the lymphatic vessels. Therefore, modulation of SlP receptors was shown to be critical for immunomodulation, and SlP receptor modulators are novel immunosuppressive agents.

The SlPi receptor is expressed in a number of tissues. It is the predominant family member expressed on lymphocytes and plays an important role in lymphocyte trafficking. Downregulation of the SlPi receptor disrupts lymphocyte migration and homing to various tissues. This results in sequestration of the lymphocytes in lymph organs thereby decreasing the number of circulating lymphocytes that are capable of migration to the affected tissues. Thus, development of an SlPi receptor agent that suppresses lymphocyte migration to the target sites associated with autoimmune and aberrant inflammatory processes could be efficacious in a number of autoimmune

Among the five SlP receptors, SlPi has a widespread distribution and is highly abundant on endothelial cells where it works in concert with SIP3 to regulate cell migration, differentiation, and barrier function. Inhibition of lymphocyte recirculation by non-selective SlP receptor modulation produces clinical immunosuppression preventing transplant rejection, but such modulation also results in transient bradycardia. Studies have shown that SlPi activity is significantly correlated with depletion of circulating lymphocytes. In contrast, Sl P3 receptor agonism is not required for efficacy. Instead, SIP3 activity plays a significant role in the observed acute toxicity of nonselective SlP receptor agonists, resulting in the undesirable cardiovascular effects, such as bradycardia and hypertension. (See, e.g., Hale et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14:3501 (2004); Sanna et al., J. Biol. Chem., 279: 13839 (2004); Anliker et al., J. Biol. Chem., 279:20555 (2004); Mandala et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 309:758 (2004).)

An example of an SlPi agonist is FTY720. This immunosuppressive compound FTY720 (JPI 1080026-A) has been shown to reduce circulating lymphocytes in animals and humans, and to have disease modulating activity in animal models of organ rejection and immune disorders. The use of FTY720 in humans has been effective in reducing the rate of organ rejection in human renal transplantation and increasing the remission rates in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (see Brinkman et al., J. Biol. Chem., 277:21453 (2002); Mandala et al., Science, 296:346 (2002); Fujino et al., J.

Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305:45658 (2003); Brinkman et al, Am. J. Transplant., 4: 1019 (2004); Webb et al., J. Neuroimmunol, 153: 108 (2004); Morris et al., Eur. J. Immunol, 35:3570 (2005); Chiba, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 108:308 (2005); Kahan et al., Transplantation, 76: 1079 (2003); and Kappos et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 335: 1124 (2006)). Subsequent to its discovery, it has been established that FTY720 is a prodrug, which is phosphorylated in vivo by sphingosine kinases to a more biologically active agent that has agonist activity at the SlPi, SIP3, SlP₄, and SIP5 receptors. It is this activity on the SlP family of receptors that is largely responsible for the pharmacological effects of FTY720 in animals and humans. [0007] Clinical studies have demonstrated that treatment with FTY720 results in bradycardia in the first 24 hours of treatment (Kappos et al, N. Engl. J. Med., 335: 1124 (2006)). The observed bradycardia is commonly thought to be due to agonism at the SIP₃ receptor. This conclusion is based on a number of cell based and animal experiments. These include the use of SIP3 knockout animals which, unlike wild type mice, do not demonstrate bradycardia following FTY720 administration and the use of SlPi selective compounds. (Hale et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14:3501 (2004); Sanna et al., J. Biol. Chem., 279: 13839 (2004); and Koyrakh et al., Am. J. Transplant, 5:529 (2005)).

The following applications have described compounds as SlPi agonists: WO 03/061567 (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0070506), WO 03/062248 (U.S. Patent No. 7,351,725), WO 03/062252 (U.S. Patent No. 7,479,504), WO 03/073986 (U.S. Patent No. 7,309,721), WO 03/105771, WO 05/058848, WO 05/000833, WO 05/082089 (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0203100), WO 06/047195, WO 06/100633, WO 06/115188, WO 06/131336, WO 2007/024922, WO 07/109330, WO 07/116866, WO 08/023783 (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0200535), WO 08/029370, WO 08/114157, WO 08/074820, WO 09/043889, WO 09/057079, and U.S. Patent No. 6,069,143. Also see Hale et al., J. Med. Chem., 47:6662 (2004).

There still remains a need for compounds useful as SlPi agonists and yet having selectivity over Sl P3.

Applicants have found potent compounds that have activity as SlPi agonists. Further, applicants have found compounds that have activity as SlPi agonists and are selective over SIP3. These compounds are provided to be useful as pharmaceuticals with desirable stability, bioavailability, therapeutic index, and toxicity values that are important to their drugability.

SYNTHESIS

(S)-1-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, HCl (BMS-960). CAS 1265323-40-7

(S)-1-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, HCl (BMS-960)

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.88 (br. s, 1H), 10.5 (br. s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69–7.57 (m, 5H), 6.43 (br. s., 1H), 5.37 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.89–3.60 (m, 2H), 3.50–2.82 (m, 6H), 2.14–1.99 (m, 1H), 1.97–1.75 (m, 1H), 1.63–1.35 (m, 1H);

¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 172.8, 168.5, 164.0, 161.6, 155.4, 156.2, 131.2, 129.0, 128.9, 127.4, 127.2, 125.5, 124.3, 122.2, 111.6, 66.6. 63.0, 52.9, 52.2, 38.8, 25.0, 21.7;

¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −54.16;

Anal. calcd for C₂₆H₂₃F₃N₄O₅·HCl: C, 54.71; H, 4.36; N, 9.80. Found: C, 54.76; H, 3.94; N, 9.76;

HRMS (ESI) m/e 529.17040 [(M + H)⁺, calcd for C₂₆ H₂₄ N₄ O₅ F₃ 529.16933].

PATENT

WO 2011017578

Example 14

(S)-l-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid

Preparation 14A: (3S)-Ethyl l-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3- carboxylate

(14A)-isomer A (14A)-isomer B [00210] To a mixture of (S)-ethyl piperidine-3-carboxylate (1.3 g, 8.27 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was added 4-(2-bromoacetyl)benzonitrile (2.4 g, 10.71 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. LCMS indicated completion of reaction. MeOH (10 mL) was added to the mixture, followed by the portionwise addition of sodium borohydride (0.313 g, 8.27 mmol). After 1 hour, LCMS show complete reduction to the desired alcohol. The reaction was quenched with water. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaCl. The organic layer was dried with MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated, and purified on a silica gel cartridge using an EtOAc/hexanes gradient to yield 2.0 g of solid product. The product was separated by chiral HPLC (Berger SFC MGIII instrument equipped with a CHIRALCEL® OJ (25 x 3 cm, 5 μM). Temp: 30 ⁰C; Flow rate: 130 mL/min; Mobile phase: C(V(MeOH +

0.1%DEA) in 9: 1 ratio isocratic:

[00211] Peak 1 (Isomer A): RT = 2.9 min. for (S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2- hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (>99% d.e.). The absolute and relative stereochemistry of compound 14A-isomer A was assigned (S,S) by X-ray crystal structure (see Alternative Route data). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.63 (2 H, m, J=8.35 Hz), 7.49 (2 H, m, J=8.35 Hz), 4.77 (1 H, dd, J=10.55, 3.52 Hz), 4.17 (2 H, q, J=7.03 Hz), 3.13 (1 H, d, J=9.23 Hz), 2.53-2.67 (3 H, m), 2.44 (2 H, dd, J=18.68, 9.89 Hz), 2.35 (1 H, dd, J=12.74, 10.55 Hz), 1.87-2.01 (1 H, m), 1.71-1.82 (1 H, m), 1.52-1.70 (2 H, m), 1.28 (3 H, t, J=7.03 Hz).

[00212] Peak 2 (Isomer B): RT = 3.8 min for (S)-ethyl l-((R)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2- hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (>99% d.e.). The absolute and relative stereochemistry of 14A-isomer B was assigned (S,R) based on the crystal structure of 14A-isomer A. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.63 (2 H, m, J=8.35 Hz), 7.49 (2 H, m, J=8.35 Hz), 4.79 (1 H, dd, J=10.55, 3.52 Hz), 4.16 (2 H, q, J=7.03 Hz), 2.69-2.91 (3 H, m), 2.60-2.68 (1 H, m), 2.56 (1 H, dd, J=12.30, 3.52 Hz), 2.36 (1 H, dd, J=12.52, 10.77 Hz), 2.25 (1 H, t, J=8.79 Hz), 1.65-1.90 (3 H, m), 1.52-1.64 (1 H, m, J=12.69, 8.49, 8.49, 4.17 Hz), 1.27 (3 H, t, J=7.25 Hz).

[00213] (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (14A-isomer A) was carried forward to make Example 14 and (S)-ethyl l-((R)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (14A-isomer B) was carried forward to make Example 15.

Preparation 14B: (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-((Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl) phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3 -carboxylate

[00214] To a mixture of ((S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-((Z)-N’- hydroxycarbamimidoyl) phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3 -carboxylate (14A-Isomer A) (58 mg, 0.192 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (26.7 mg, 0.384 mmol) in 2-propanol (10 mL) was added sodium bicarbonate (64.5 mg, 0.767 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 85 ⁰C. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with sat NaCl. The organic layer was dried with MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to yield 56 mg. MS (M+l) = 464. HPLC Peak RT = 1.50 minutes.

Preparation 14C: (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

[00215] 3-Phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl fluoride, InM-G (214 mg, 0.78 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (5.00 mL). DIEA (0.272 mL, 1.555 mmol) and (S)-ethyl- 1 -((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-((Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl) phenyl)ethyl)- piperidine-3-carboxylate (261 mg, 0.778 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours, then IM TBAF in THF (0.778 mL, 0.778 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified by HPLC in three batches. HPLC conditions: PHENOMENEX® Luna C18 5 micron column (250 x 30mm); 25-100% CH₃CN/water (0.1% TFA); 25 minute gradient; 30 mL/min. Isolated fractions with correct mass were partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaHCO₃ with back extracting aqueous layer once. The organic layer was dried with MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give 155mg of (S)- ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₃) δ ppm 8.04 (2 H, d, J=8.13 Hz), 7.55-7.60 (2 H, m), 7.41-7.54 (5 H, m), 4.81 (1 H, ddd, J=8.35, 4.06, 3.84 Hz), 3.96-4.10 (2 H, m), 2.82-3.08 (1 H, m), 2.67-2.82 (1 H, m), 2.36- 2.61 (3 H, m), 2.08-2.33 (2 H, m), 1.73-1.87 (1 H, m, J=8.54, 8.54, 4.45, 4.17 Hz), 1.32- 1.70 (3 H, m), 1.09-1.19 (3 H, m). MS (m+l) = 557. HPLC Peak RT = 3.36 minutes. Purity = 99%.

Example 14: [00216] (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5- yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (89 mg, 0.16 mmol) was heated at 50 ⁰C in 6N HCl (5 mL) in acetonitrile (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight and then filtered and purified by HPLC. HPLC conditions:

PHENOMENEX® Luna C 18 5 micron column (250 x 30mm); 25-100% CH₃CN/water (0.1% TFA); 25 minute gradient; 30 mL/min. Isolated fractions with correct mass were freeze-dried overnight to yield 36 mg of (S)-l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3- carboxylic acid as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₃) δ ppm 8.23 (2 H, d, J=8.35 Hz), 7.65-7.74 (4 H, m), 7.54-7.65 (3 H, m), 5.29 (1 H, t, J=7.03 Hz), 4.00 (1 H, br. s.), 3.43-3.75 (1 H, m), 3.34-3.41 (2 H, m), 2.82-3.24 (2 H, m), 2.26 (1 H, d, J=I 1.86 Hz), 1.84-2.14 (2 H, m), 1.52-1.75 (1 H, m). MS (m+1) = 529. HPLC Peak RT = 3.24 minutes. Purity = 98%. Example 14-Alternate Synthesis Route 1

Preparation 14D (Alternate Synthesis Route 1): (S)-4-(Oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile

[00217] To 800 mL of 0.2M, pH 6.0 sodium phosphate buffer in a 2 L flask equipped with an overhead stirrer was added D-glucose (38.6 g, 1.2 eq), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, free acid (1.6 g, mmol), glucose dehydrogenase (36 mg, 3.2 kU,

CODEXIS® GDH- 102, 90 U/mg), and enzyme KRED-NADH-110 (200 mg,

CODEXIS®, 25 U/mg). The vessels containing the reagents above were rinsed with 200 mL of fresh sodium phosphate buffer and added to the reaction which was stirred to dissolution and then heated to 40 ⁰C. To this mixture was added a solution of 2-bromo- 4′-cyanoacetophenone (40 g, 178.5 mmol) in 100 mL DMSO through an addition funnel in about 30 min. The container was rinsed with 20 mL DMSO and the rinse was added to the reactor. A pH of 5.5-6.0 was maintained by adding 1 M NaOH through a fresh addition funnel (total volume of 200 mL over 6h) after which HPLC showed complete consumption of the starting material. The reaction mixture was extracted with 800 mL MTBE x 2 and the combined extracts were washed with 300 mL of 25% brine. The crude alcohol was transferred to a 3L 3-neck flask and treated with solid NaOtBu (34.3 g, 357 mmol) stirring for 1 h and then additional NaOtBu (6.9 g, 357 mmol) and stirring for 30 min. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solution was washed with 300 mL 0.2 M pH 6.0 sodium phosphate buffer, brine, and then the solvent was removed in vacuo and the resulting white solid was dried in a vacuum oven to give (S)-4-(oxiran-2- yl)benzonitrile (23 g, 90% yield, 100% e.e.). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.62 (2 H, d), 7.35 (2 H, d), 3.88 (1 H, dd), 3.18 (1 H, app t), 2.73 (1 H, dd) Purity = 99%.

[00218] Chiral HPLC was done on a CHIRALP AK® AD-RH 4.6x150mm (Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd.) column using gradient of solvent A (10 mM NH₄OAc in water/acetonitrile, 90: 10) and solvent B (10 mM NH₄OAc in water/acetonitrile, 10:90) with 70% to 90% in 40 min at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min at ambient temperature. The detection employed UV at 235 nm. The retention times are as follows:

[00219] Peak 1 (Isomer A): RT = 16.7 min. for (S)-4-(oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile

[00220] Peak 2 (Isomer B): RT = 14.0 min. for (R)-4-(oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile Preparation of 14A-isomer A (Alternate Synthesis Route 1): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2 -hydroxy ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

(14A)-isomer A

[00221] (S)-4-(Oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile (10.00 g, 68.9 mmol), (S)-ethyl piperidine-3- carboxylate (10.83 g, 68.9 mmol) and iPrOH (100 mL) was charged into a round bottom flask under N₂. After heating at 55 ⁰C for 4 hours, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.683 g, 13.78 mmol) was then added. The reaction mixture was then heated to 50 ⁰C for an additional 12 hours. At this time HPLC indicated the starting material was completely converted to the desired product. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature. EtOAc (120 ml) was added, followed by 100 ml of water. The organic layer was separated, extracted with EtOAc (2x 100 mL) and concentrated under vacuo to give a crude product. The crude product was recrystallized from EtOH/EtOAc/H₂O (3/2/2) (8ml/lg) to give a crystalline off-white solid 14A-alt (15 g, 72% yield, 99.6% e.e.). The absolute and relative stereochemistry was determined by single X-ray crystallography employing a wavelength of 1.54184 A. The crystalline material had an orthorhombic crystal system and unit cell parameters approximately equal to the following:

a = 5.57 A α = 90.0°

b = 9.7l A β = 90.0°

c = 30.04 A γ = 90.0°

Space group: P2₁2₁2₁

Molecules/asymmetric unit: 2

Volume/Number of molecules in the unit cell = 1625 A³

Density (calculated) = 1.236 g/cm³

Temperature 298 K.

Preparation 14E (Alternate Route 1): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- (4-cyanophenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

[00222] To a mixture of (S)-ethyl 1 -((S)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxy ethyl) piperidine-3-carboxylate (17.0 g, 56.2 mmol) and DIPEA (17.68 ml, 101 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (187 mL) was added tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (16 ml, 69.6 mmol) slowly. The reaction was monitored with HPLC. The reaction completed in 2 hours. The reaction mixture (a light brown solution) was quenched with water, the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was combined and dried with Na₂SO₄. After concentration, the crude material was further purified on a silica gel cartridge (33Og silica, 10-30% EtOAc/hexanes gradient) to afford a purified product (S)- ethyl 1 -((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3 – carboxylate (22.25 g, 53.4 mmol, 95 % yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 7.61 (2 H, d), 7.45 (2 H, d), 4.79 (1 H, m), 4.15 (2 H, m), 2.88 (1 H, m), 2.75 (1 H, m), 2.60 (1 H, dd), 2.48 (1 H, m), 2.40 (1 H, dd), 2.33 (1 H, tt), 2.12 (1 H, tt), 1.90 (1 H, m), 1.68 (1 H, dt), 1.52 (1 H, m), 1.48 (1 H, m), 1.27 (3 H, t), 0.89 (9 H, s), 0.08 (3 H, s), -0.07 (3 H, s).

Preparation 14F (Alternate Route 1): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- (4-((Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

[00223] (S)-Ethyl- 1 -((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3-carboxylate (31.0 g, 74.4 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (248 mL).

Hydroxylamine (50% aq) (6.84 ml, 112 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature overnight. Then all volatiles were removed with ROTA VAPOR®. The residue was purified with on a silica gel cartridge (33Og silica, 0-50% EtOAc/hexanes gradient) to give (S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-((Z)-N’- hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (31 g, 68.9 mmol, 93 % yield) as a white foam. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 8.38 (1 H, br s), 7.58 (2 H, d), 7.37 (2 H, d), 4.88 (2 H, br s), 4.81 (1 H, m), 4.13 (2 H, m), 2.96 (1 H, m), 2.82 (1 H, m), 2.61 (1 H, dd), 2.51 (1 H, m), 2.42 (1 H, dd), 2.32 (1 H, tt), 2.13 (1 H, dt), 1.91 (1 H, m), 1.66 (1 H, dt), 1.58 (1 H, m), 1.48 (1 H, m), 1.27 (3 H, t), 0.89 (9 H, s), 0.08 (3 H, s), -0.09 (3 H, s). Preparation 14G (Alternate Route 1): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- (4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

[00224] (S)-Ethyl- 1 -((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-((Z)-N’- hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (32.6g, 72.5 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (145 ml) (anhydrous) and cooled to ~3 ⁰C with ice-bath. 3- phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-5-carbonyl chloride (19.98 g, 72.5 mmol) was dissolved in 5OmL anhydrous acetonitrile and added dropwise. The internal temperature was kept below 10 ⁰C during addition. After addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. At 30 minutes, HPLC showed completion of the first reaction step. The reaction mixture was re-cooled to below 10 ⁰C. DIEA (18.99 ml, 109 mmol) was added slowly. After the addition, the reaction mixture was heated up to 55 ⁰C for 17 hr s. HPLC/LCMS showed completion of the reaction. The solvents were removed by ROTA VAPOR®. The residue was stirred in 25OmL 20% EtOAc/hexanes and the DIPEA HCl salt precipitated from solution and was removed via filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and purified using a silica gel cartridge (3X33Og silica, 0-50%

EtOAc/hexanes gradient). (S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-(5-(3- phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3- carboxylate (43g, 64.1 mmol, 88 % yield) was obtained a light yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 8.16 (2 H, d), 7.68 (2 H, d), 7.57 (5 H, m), 4.85 (1 H, m), 4.14 (2 H, m), 2.95 (1 H, m), 2.82 (1 H, m), 2.64 (1 H, dd), 2.51 (1 H, m), 2.49 (1 H, dd), 2.35 (1 H, tt), 2.14 (1 H, dt), 1.91 (1 H, m), 1.66 (1 H, dt), 1.57 (1 H, m), 1.48 (1 H, m), 1.27 (3 H, t), 0.92 (9 H, s), 0.11 (3 H, s), -0.05 (3 H, s).

Example 14 (Alternate Route 1): (S)-l-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3- carboxylic acid

[00225] (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3- carboxylate (42g, 62.6 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (150 ml) and treated with 6M HCl (150 ml). The reaction mixture was heated to 65 ⁰C for 6 hours (the reaction was monitored with HPLC, EtOH was distilled out to push the equilibrium forward). Dioxane was removed and the residue was redissolved in ACN/water and lyophilized separately to give crude (S)-l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) isoxazol-5-yl)- l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, HCl, (37g crude foamy solid). The crude solid (36 g, 63.7 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (720 mL) and heated to 60 ⁰C and water (14.4 mL) was added dropwise. A clear solution was obtained, which was cooled to room temperature and concentrated to a viscous oil, treated with ethyl acetate (1.44 L) with vigorously stirring, heated to 60 ⁰C, and cooled to room temperature. (S)-l-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)- l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl) piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, HCl (28g, 49.3 mmol, 77 % yield) was collected and vacuum dried. Characterization of product by ¹H NMR and chiral HPLC matched Example 14 prepared in previous synthesis.

Preparation of Intermediate (14A)-isomer A-Alternate Route 2; 2-Steps: (S)-Ethyl 1- ((S)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate

(14A)-isomer A

Step 1 : Preparation (14D) (Alternate Route 2): (S)-Ethyl l-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2- oxoethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrobromide

(14D)-isomer A

[00226] To a solution of commercially available (S)-ethyl piperidine-3-carboxylate (10 g, 63.6 mmol) in 200 mL toluene was added 4-(2-bromoacetyl)benzonitrile (17g, 76 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The next day, the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and washed with ethyl acetate (x3) and dried under vacuum to give 15.2g of (S)-ethyl l-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrobromide. MS (M+ 1) = 301. HPLC Peak RT = 1.51 minutes.

Step 2: Preparation of 14 A-isomer A (Alternate Route 2): (S)-Ethyl l-((S)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3 -carboxylate

[00227] Phosphate buffer (1100 mL, BF045, pH 7.0, 0. IM) was added into two liter jacketed glass reactor. The temperature of the reactor was adjusted to 20 ⁰C with the help of a circulator and the reaction mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer. Dithiothretol (185.2 mg, 1 mM), magnesium sulfate (288.9 mg, 2 mM), and D-glucose (11.343 g, 62.95 m moles) were added into the reactor. (5^*)-Ethyl l-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-oxoethyl) piperidine-3 -carboxylate HBr salt (12 g, 31.47 m moles dissolved in 60 mL DMSO) was added into the reactor slowly with continuous stirring, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate sodium salt (NADP), 918.47 mg, glucose dehydrogenase, 240 mg (total 18360 U, 76.5 U/mg, ~ 15U/mL, Amano Lot. GDHY1050601) and KRED-114, 1.2 g (CODEXIS® assay 7.8 U/mg of solid), were dissolved in 2.0 mL, 2.0 mL and 10 ml of the same buffer, respectively. Next, NADP, GDH and KRED-114 were added to the reactor in that order. The remaining 26 mL of same buffer was used to wash the NADP, GDH and KRED-114 containers and buffer was added into the same reactor. The starting pH of the reaction was 7.0 which decreased with the progress of the reaction and was maintained at pH 6.5 during the course of the reaction (used pH stat, maintained with IM NaOH). The reaction was run for 4.5 hours and immediately stopped and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was evaporated under reduced pressure and weight of the dark brown residue was 12.14 g. The product was precipitated with dichloromethane and heptane to give 9 g of crude product which was further purified by dissolving it in minimum amount of dichloromethane and re-precipitating by the addition of excess amount of heptane to give 5.22 g. The process was repeated to give an additional 2.82 g of highly pure product for a total of 8.02 g of de > 99.5%.

[00228] Chiral HPLC was done on a CHIRALP AK® AD-RH 4.6x150mm (Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd.) column using gradient of solvent A (10 mM NH₄OAc in water/acetonitrile, 90: 10) and solvent B (IO mM NH₄OAc in water/acetonitrile, 10:90) with 70% to 90% in 40 min at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min at ambient temperature. The detection was done by UV at 235 nm. The retention times are as follows: [00229] Peak 1 (14A-isomer A): RT = 20.7 min. for (S)-ethyl l-((S)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate.

[00230] Peak 2 (14B-isomer B): RT = 30.4 min. for (S)-ethyl l-((R)-2-(4- cyanophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate.

[00231] Compound 14A-isomer A prepared using this asymmetric method was unambiguously assigned since it was identical to the 14A-isomer A (by ¹H NMR and chiral HPLC retention time) that was prepared above and determined by X-ray crystallography. Synthesis of Example 14 from this material followed the same route as described above.

paper

Regioselective Epoxide Ring Opening for the Stereospecific Scale-Up Synthesis of BMS-960, A Potent and Selective Isoxazole-Containing S1P₁Receptor Agonist

Xiaoping Hou ^*^†

, Huiping Zhang^†, Bang-Chi Chen^†, Zhiwei Guo^‡, Amarjit Singh^‡, Animesh Goswami^‡, John L. Gilmore^†, James E. Sheppeck^†, Alaric J. Dyckman^†

, Percy H. Carter^†, and Arvind Mathur^†

^† Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States

^‡ Chemical & Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00366

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00366

*E-mail: xiaoping.hou@bms.com.

This article presents a stereospecific scale-up synthesis of (S)-1-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid (BMS-960), a potent and selective isoxazole-containing S1P₁ receptor agonist. The process highlights an enzymatic reduction of α-bromoketone toward the preparation of (S)-bromo alcohol, a key precursor of (S)-4-(oxiran-2-yl)benzonitrile. A regioselective and stereospecific epoxide ring-opening reaction was also optimized along with improvements to 1,2,4-oxadiazole formation, hydrolysis, and crystallization. The improved process was utilized to synthesize batches of BMS-960 for Ames testing and other toxicological studies.

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2016), 59(13), 6248-6264.

Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) of a Series of Ethanolamine-Based Direct-Acting Agonists of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P₁)

Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States

J. Med. Chem., 2016, 59 (13), pp 6248–6264

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00373

*Phone: 609-252-3153. E-mail: john.gilmore@bms.com.

Abstract

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that regulates a multitude of physiological processes such as lymphocyte trafficking, cardiac function, vascular development, and inflammation. Because of the ability of S1P₁ receptor agonists to suppress lymphocyte egress, they have great potential as therapeutic agents in a variety of autoimmune diseases. In this article, the discovery of selective, direct acting S1P₁ agonists utilizing an ethanolamine scaffold containing a terminal carboxylic acid is described. Potent S1P₁ agonists such as compounds 18a and 19a which have greater than 1000-fold selectivity over S1P₃ are described. These compounds efficiently reduce blood lymphocyte counts in rats through 24 h after single doses of 1 and 0.3 mpk, respectively. Pharmacodynamic properties of both compounds are discussed. Compound 19a was further studied in two preclinical models of disease, exhibiting good efficacy in both the rat adjuvant arthritis model (AA) and the mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model (EAE).

BASE

(S)-1-((S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic Acid (18a)

(S)-ethyl 1-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate (36%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₃) δ ppm 8.04 (2 H, d, J = 8.13 Hz), 7.55–7.60 (2 H, m), 7.41–7.54 (5 H, m), 4.81 (1 H, ddd, J = 8.35, 4.06, 3.84 Hz), 3.96–4.10 (2 H, m), 2.82–3.08 (1 H, m), 2.67–2.82 (1 H, m), 2.36–2.61 (3 H, m), 2.08–2.33 (2 H, m), 1.73–1.87 (1 H, m, J = 8.54, 8.54, 4.45, 4.17 Hz), 1.32–1.70 (3 H, m), 1.09–1.19 (3 H, m).

MS (M + H)⁺ at m/z 557. HPLC purity: 99%, t_r = 3.36 min (method B).

TFA salt

(S)-1-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-(5-(3-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, TFA salt (18a, 61%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d₃) δ ppm 8.23 (2 H, d, J = 8.35 Hz), 7.65–7.74 (4 H, m), 7.54–7.65 (3 H, m), 5.29 (1 H, t, J = 7.03 Hz), 4.00 (1 H, br s), 3.43–3.75 (1 H, m), 3.34–3.41 (2 H, m), 2.82–3.24 (2 H, m), 2.26 (1 H, d, J = 11.86 Hz), 1.84–2.14 (2 H, m), 1.52–1.75 (1 H, m).

MS (M + H)⁺ at m/z 529.

HPLC t_r = 3.27 min (method B). HPLC purity: 99.4%, t_r = 8.78 min (method E); 99.0%, t_r = 7.29 min (method F).

HCL SALT

This material was converted to the HCl salt for the following analyses: mp: 219.2 °C. Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₂₃N₄O₅F₃·HCl: 0.14% water: C, 55.2; H, 4.31; N, 9.87; Cl, 6.25. Found: C, 55.39; H, 4.10; N, 9.88; Cl, 6.34. [α]_D²⁰ + 30.47 (c 0.336, MeOH). HPLC with chiral stationary phase (A linear gradient using CO₂ (solvent A) and IPA with 0.1% DEA (solvent B); t = 0 min, 30% B, t = 10 min, 55% B was employed on a Chiralcel AD-H 250 mm × 4.6 mm ID, 5 μm column; flow rate was 2.0 mL/min): t_r = 5.38 min with >99% ee.

References

Gilmore, J. L.; Sheppeck, J. E.; Watterson, S. H.; Haque, L.; Mukhopadhyay, P.; Tebben, A. J.; Galella, M. A.; Shen, D. R.; Yarde, M.; Cvijic, M. E.; Borowski, V.; Gillooly, K.; Taylor, T.; McIntyre, K. W.; Warrack, B.; Levesque, P. C.; Li, J. P.; Cornelius, G.; D’Arienzo, C.; Marino, A.; Balimane, P.; Salter-Cid, L.; Barrish, J. C.; Pitts, W. J.; Carter, P. H.; Xie, J.; Dyckman, A. J.Discovery and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) of a Series of Ethanolamine-Based Direct-Acting Agonists of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P₁) J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, 6248– 6264, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00373

Gilmore, J. L.; Sheppeck, J. E. Preparation of 3-(4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists for the treatment of autoimmune disease and inflammation. PCT Int. Appl. 2011, WO 2011017578.

//////BMS-960, PRECLINICAL, BMS 960

Cl.O=C(O)[C@H]1CCCN(C1)C[C@@H](O)c2ccc(cc2)c3nc(on3)c5onc(c4ccccc4)c5C(F)(F)F

Telcagepant Revisited

January 25, 2017 1:55 pm / Leave a comment

Telcagepant, MK-0974

Molecular FormulaC₂₆H₂₇F₅N₆O₃
Average mass566.523 Da

1-piperidinecarboxamide, N-[(3R,6S)-6-(2,3-difluorophenyl)hexahydro-2-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-azepin-3-yl]-4-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl)-

CAS 781649-09-0

ChemSpider 2D Image | Telcagepant | C26H27F5N6O3

OriginatorMerck & Co
ClassAntimigraines; Piperidines
Mechanism of ActionCalcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists

Migraine is a neurovascular disorder characterized by severe, debilitating, and throbbing unilateral headache. Though a leading cause of disability, it is a highly prevalent disease with a clear unmet medical need. With the significant progress achieved in the field of pathophysiology in the past decades, to date, it is well recognized that the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is expressed mainly in the central and peripheral nervous system, plays a crucial role in migraine. Antagonism of CGRP receptors, as a potential new therapy for the treatment of migraine, could offer the advantage of avoiding the cardiovascular liabilities associated with other existing antimigraine therapies.

Image result for Telcagepant

Telcagepant (INN) (code name MK-0974) is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist which was an investigational drug for the acute treatment and prevention of migraine, developed by Merck & Co. In the acute treatment of migraine, it was found to have equal potency to rizatriptan^[1] and zolmitriptan^[2] in two Phase III clinical trials. The company has now terminated development of the drug.

Mechanism of action

The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a strong vasodilator primarily found in nervous tissue. Since vasodilation in the brain is thought to be involved in the development of migraine and CGRP levels are increased during migraine attacks, this peptide may be an important target for potential new antimigraine drugs.

Telcagepant acts as a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CRLR) antagonist and blocks this peptide. It is believed to constrict dilated blood vessels within the brain.^[3]

Termination of a clinical trial

A Phase IIa clinical trial studying telcagepant for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine was stopped on March 26, 2009 after the “identification of two patients with significant elevations in serum transaminases”.^[4] A memo to study locations stated that telcagepant had preliminarily been reported to increase the hepatic liver enzyme alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in “11 out of 660 randomized (double-blinded) study participants.” All study participants were told to stop taking the medication.^[5]

On July 29, 2011, it was reported that Merck & Co. were discontinuing the clinical development program for telcagepant. According to Merck, “[t]he decision is based on an assessment of data across the clinical program, including findings from a recently completed six-month Phase III study”.^[6]

CLIP

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CLIP

Image result for telcagepant

CLIP

Asymmetric Synthesis of Telcagepant

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jo101704b

Abstract Image

As part of the process of bringing a new API to market, it is often required to use an alternative synthetic strategy to the initial medicinal chemistry approach. Here Xu et al. of Merck Rahway disclose their efforts towards an improved multikilogram synthesis of telcagepant, a CGRP receptor antagonist for the treatment of migraines ( J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 7829−7841). The route described in the report is an example of a synthetic target driving the discovery of new chemistries.

Of note are the challenges they faced and overcame in particular the asymmetric Michael addition of nitromethane to a cinnamyl aldehyde. Initial attempts under Hayashi’s conditions gave promising results (50−75% yield) and moreover confirmed a high enantioselectivity could be achieved using the Jorgensen−Hayashi catalyst. However, the use of benzoic acid as the acidic cocatalyst gave rise to undesired byproducts. After performing a comprehensive screen of conditions Xu showed that the combination of the weak acids t-BuCO₂H (5 mol %) and B(OH)₃(50 mol %) minimized the level of impurities. Of specific note is that this is the first reported application of iminium organocatalysis on industrial scale.

The second milestone achieved in the strategy was the prevention of the protodefluorination under hydrogenative conditions. During the initial studies between 1.06−2.5% of the desfluoro compounds were formed by using Pd(OH)₂/C in 100% conversion. To suppress the by product formation Xu screened a range of inorganic additives and found that 0.3 eq of LiCl gave a reproducible reaction where less than 0.2% of the desfluoro compounds were generated.

telcagepant as its crystalline potassium salt ethanol solvate in 92% yield with >99.9% purity and >99.9% ee.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, d₄-MeOH): δ 7.75 (dd, J = 5.3, 1.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (dd, J = 7.6, 1.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.15 (m, 3 H), 6.70 (dd, J = 7.6, 5.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.85 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (m, 1 H), 4.45 (dq, J = 15.4, 9.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.27 (m, 3 H), 4.05 (dq, J = 15.4, 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.61 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2 H), 3.46 (d, J = 15.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.16 (m, 1 H), 3.0 (m, 2 H), 2.42 (dq, J = 12.7, 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.27 (dq, J = 12.7, 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.16 (m, 3 H), 1.81 (m, 3 H). 1.18 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3 H).

¹³C NMR (100 MHz, d₄-MeOH): δ 176.8, 166.1, 159.3, 157.4, 152.1 (dd, J = 246.8, 13.6 Hz), 149.4 (dd, J = 245.1, 13.1 Hz), 139.2, 134.7 (d, J = 11.9 Hz), 127.7, 126.3 (q, J = 279.7 Hz), 126.2 (dd, J = 7.1, 4.8 Hz), 124.3 (t, J = 3.4 Hz), 116.8 (d, J = 17.1 Hz), 114.5, 113.8, 58.5, 55.3, 55.2, 51.6, 49.9 (q, J = 33.6 Hz), 45.4, 45.3, 39.8, 35.9, 32.7, 30.74, 30.72, 18.5.

References

Jump up^ Ho, Tw; Mannix, Lk; Fan, X; Assaid, C; Furtek, C; Jones, Cj; Lines, Cr; Rapoport, Am; Mk-0974, Protocol, 004, Study, Group (Apr 2008). “Randomized controlled trial of an oral CGRP receptor antagonist, MK-0974, in acute treatment of migraine”. Neurology. 70 (16): 1304–12. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000286940.29755.61. PMID 17914062.
Jump up^ Ho TW, Ferrari MD, Dodick DW, et al. (December 2008). “Efficacy and tolerability of MK-0974 (telcagepant), a new oral antagonist of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, compared with zolmitriptan for acute migraine: a randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-treatment trial”. Lancet. 372 (9656): 2115–23. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61626-8. PMID 19036425.
Jump up^ Molecule of the Month February 2009
Jump up^ Clinical trial number NCT00797667 for “MK0974 for Migraine Prophylaxis in Patients With Episodic Migraine” at ClinicalTrials.gov
Jump up^ Merck & Co.: Memo to all US study locations involved in protocol MK0974-049
Jump up^ Merck Announces Second Quarter 2011 Financial Results

Telcagepant
Clinical data


Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	none
Legal status
Legal status	Development terminated
Pharmacokinetic data
Biological half-life	5–8 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	781649-09-0
PubChem (CID)	11319053
IUPHAR/BPS	703
ChemSpider	9494017
UNII	D42O649ALL
KEGG	D09391
ChEMBL	CHEMBL236593
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₆H₂₇F₅N₆O₃
Molar mass	566.5283 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image

1 to 10 of 14

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US7534784	CGRP receptor antagonists	2008-11-13	2009-05-19
US7452903	CGRP receptor antagonists	2007-09-27	2008-11-18
US7235545	CGRP receptor antagonists	2005-11-17	2007-06-26
US6953790	CGRP receptor antagonists	2004-11-18	2005-10-11

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US8394767	Methods of treating cancer using the calcitonin-gene related peptide (â??CGRPâ??) receptor antagonist CGRP8-37	2011-01-10	2013-03-12
US8080544	PRODRUGS OF CGRP RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS	2010-11-25	2011-12-20
US7893052	CGRP RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS	2010-11-25	2011-02-22
US2010286122	CGRP Antagonist Salt	2010-11-11
US7829699	Process for the Preparation of Cgrp Antagonist	2009-11-12	2010-11-09
US7772224	CGRP RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS	2009-07-30	2010-08-10
US7745427	Cgrp Receptor Antagonists	2008-04-17	2010-06-29
US7718796	Process for the preparation of Caprolactam Cgrp Antagonist	2009-05-14	2010-05-18
US2010009967	SOLID DOSAGE FORMULATIONS OF TELCAGEPANT POTASSIUM	2010-01-14
US2009176986	Process for the Preparation of Pyridine Heterocycle Cgrp Antagonist Intermediate	2009-07-09

“ALL FOR DRUGS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This article is a compilation for educational purposes only.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

///////////Telcagepant, MK-0974

C1CC(C(=O)N(CC1C2=C(C(=CC=C2)F)F)CC(F)(F)F)NC(=O)N3CCC(CC3)N4C5=C(NC4=O)N=CC=C5

Nonsteroidal antiandrogens, (S)-N-(2-bromo-6-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanamide

January 24, 2017 2:01 pm / Leave a comment

C₁₂ H₁₇ Br N₂ O_{3, 317.18}

Butanamide, N-(2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-pyridinyl)-2-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-, (2S)-

(S)-N-(2-bromo-6-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanamide

(S)-N-(2-Bromo-6-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanamide

CAS 1433905-44-2

Nonsteroidal antiandrogens

HPLC (Daicel Chiralpak IC 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, n-heptane/IPA/TFA 930:70:1, 1 mL·min^–1, 25 °C, UV 210 nm): t_r (minor) = 5.1 min, t_r (major) = 5.9 min.

NMR ¹H (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.0 (sl, 1H); 7.73 (s, 1H); 7.33 (s, 1H); 5.70 (sl, 1H); 3.80 (s, 3H); 1.79–1.67 (m, 2H); 1.49 (dd, J = 13.6 and 5.2 Hz, 1H); 1.32 (s, 3H); 0.89 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H); 0.78 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H).

NMR ¹³C (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 176.7, 164.0, 149.5, 138.1, 111.1, 74.9, 53.9, 48.6, 27.5, 24.3, 23.6, 23.2.

ESI-HRMS(m/z) calcd for C₁₃H₂₀BrN₂O₃⁺ [M+H]⁺ 331.0652 found 331.0654.

PATENT

WO 2013064681

Synthesis 71

(R)-2-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoic acid (2-bromo-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)-amide

(Compound 71A)

(S)-2-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoic acid (2-bromo-6-methoxy-pyridin-4-yl)-amide

(Compound 71 B)

The two enantiomers of the racemic mixture prepared in Synthesis 41 were separated by HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography) on a chiral stationary phase Chiralpak type la, Chiral Technologies, diameter 2 cm, length 25 cm, eluting with 93/7 (v/v) heptane / isopropanol containing 0.1 % (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid. The flow rate was 18 mL/minute. The injection volume was 1 mL of a solution of 20 mg of the racemic mixture dissolved in a 1 /1 (v/v) mixture of heptane / isopropanol. The retention times of the two enantiomers were 8.38 minutes and 9.70 minutes. After 6 injections, 40 mg of the two enantiomers were obtained as oils after solvent evaporation.

Analysis 71

Further analysis was performed using chiral HPLC (Chiralpak type la, Chiral

Technologies, 250 x 4, 6 mm, eluent 93/7 (v/v) heptane / isopropanol containing 0.1 % (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid with a flow rate of 1 mL/minute for 20 minutes. Compound 71 A had a retention time of 6.77 minutes, and Compound 71 B had a retention time of 8.71 minutes.

The absolute configuration of Compound 71 B was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and found to be the (S) configuration. Accordingly, Compound 71 A was determined to be in the (R) configuration.

^a(a) H₂O₂, TFA, 80%. (b) H₂SO₄, HNO₃, 73%. (c) Fe, NH₄Cl, EtOH, 51%. (d) MeOH, NaOH, MW 120 °C, 7 bar, 84%. (e) DCC, pyruvic acid, NMP, 29%. (f) i-BuMgCl, THF, 34%. (g) Chiral HPLC separation, 45%.

PAPER

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00392

Process Development and Crystallization in Oiling-Out System of a Novel Topical Antiandrogen

Sébastien Daver, Nicolas Rodeville, Francois Pineau, Jean-Marie Arlabosse, Christine Moureou, Franck Muller, Romain Pierre, Karinne Bouquet, Laurence Dumais, Jean-Guy Boiteau ^*

, and Isabelle Cardinaud

Nestlé Skin Health R&D Les Templiers, 2400 Route des colles BP 87, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis CEDEX, France

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00392

*Telephone: +33 4 92 95 29 48; E-mail: Jean-Guy.Boiteau@galderma.com.

ACS Editors’ Choice – This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

Abstract Image

An efficient route to (S)-N-(2-bromo-6-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanamide 1, a new topical antiandrogen, is described. The target compound has been manufactured on kilogram scale with an overall yield of 25% (HPLC purity 98.8% and >99% ee) from citrazinic acid. The key amide coupling between aminopyridine 4 and α-hydroxy-acid 6 was performed using a temporary protecting group to facilitate the acyl chloride formation. Aminopyridine 4 was manufactured from commercially available citrazinic acid via dibromide formation using phosphorus(V) oxybromide followed by mono S_NAr reaction with sodium methoxide and a final Hofmann rearrangement. Enantiopure α-hydroxy-acid 6 was obtained using an enantioselective cyanosilylation followed by salt resolution with (S)-α-methyl benzylamine. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined with anomalous scattering and the final crystallization of API was performed after seeding a liquid–liquid mixture below the monotectic temperature and afforded a crystalline powder presenting a “desert rose” shape clusters.

“ALL FOR DRUGS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This article is a compilation for educational purposes only.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

///////Nonsteroidal antiandrogens,

Brc1cc(NC(=O)[C@@](C)(O)C(C)C)cc(OC)n1

FOTAGLIPTIN

January 23, 2017 11:30 am / 1 Comment on FOTAGLIPTIN

FOTAGLIPTIN

CAS 1312954-58-7

342.37, C₁₇ H₁₉ F N₆ O

Benzonitrile, 2-[[3-[(3R)-3-amino-1-piperidinyl]-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-4(5H)-yl]methyl]-4-fluoro-

(R)-2-((3-(3-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-piperazine-4(5H)-yl)methyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile,

BENZOATE 1403496-40-1

(R) 2- Methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-4 (5H) -yl) methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile (3- benzoate (compound benzoate A), of the formula: the C _{. 17} the H ₁₉ the FN _{. 6} O · the C _{. 7} the H _{. 6} O ₂ , molecular weight: 464.49.

useful as a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor for treating diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor,

a DPPIV inhibitor, being developed by Chongqing Fochon, with licensee Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals, for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. In January 2017, fotagliptin benzoate was reported to be in phase 1 clinical development. The compound of the present invention was first disclosed in WO2011079778. See WO2015110078 and WO2015110077, claiming crystalline polymorphic form of the DPPIV inhibitor.

Originator Chongqing Fochon Pharmaceutical
Class Antihyperglycaemics
Mechanism of Action CD26 antigen inhibitors
Shanghai Fosun Pharma Transfers Development Rights in New Diabetes & Cancer Therapies to Swiss-Greek Firm

Shanghai Fosun Pharma Transfers Development Rights in New Diabetes & Cancer Therapies to Swiss-Greek Firm

On 23 October 2013, leading Chinese healthcare company Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. signed an agreement with Sellas Life Science Group, a Switzerland based Greek pharmaceutical R&D company. According to the agreement, Fosun Pharma transfers to Sellas the global rights (excluding China) in development, commercialisation, marketing and distribution of Fotagliptin Benzoate and Pan-HER Inhibitors, two novel compounds owned by Fosun Pharma’s subsidiary Chongqing Fochon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

Fotagliptin Benzoate is developed by Chongqing Fochon independently and has a prospect of developing into type 2 diabetes medicines, whereas Pan-HER Inhibitors, a receptor inhibitor of which Chongqing Fochon owns the proprietary IP rights, is a potential therapy for curing lung, breast and other cancers. Chongqing Fochon has filed application for international patent under the Patent Cooperation Treaty in respect of the two compounds.

The estimated total consideration for the transaction of approximately RMB3.248 billion will be paid by installment. In addition, upon the compounds obtaining relevant approvals in the US and/or Europe, Chongqing Fochon will be entitled to a 10% royalty in these regions on net revenue sales for eight years.

SYNTHESIS

PAPER

Development and validation of a UPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of fotagliptin and its two major metabolites in human plasma and urine

Zhenlei Wang, Ji Jiang, Pei Hu, and Qian Zhao

Bioanalysis, ,Vol. 0, No. 0
(doi: 10.4155/bio-2016-0243)

Research Article

Development and validation of a UPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of fotagliptin and its two major metabolites in human plasma and urine

Zhenlei Wang¹, Ji Jiang¹, Pei Hu¹ & Qian Zhao*^,1

*Author for correspondence: zhaoqianp@qq.com

Aim: Fotagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor under clinical development for the treatment of Type II diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a specific and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of fotagliptin and its two major metabolites in human plasma and urine. Methodology & results: After being pretreated using an automatized procedure, the plasma and urine samples were separated and detected using a UPLC-ESI–MS/MS method, which was validated following the international guidelines. Conclusion: A selective and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method was first developed and validated for quantifying fotagliptin and its metabolite in human plasma and urine. The method was successfully applied to support the clinical study of fotagliptin in Chinese healthy subjects.

PATENT

WO2011079778

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2011079778&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

PATENT

WO2015110078

compound A can be prepared according to the method disclosed in PCT / CN2010 / 080370, the specific synthesis route and the main reaction conditions are as follows:

Example 1 Preparation of 1-bromo-4-fluoro-2- (isothiocyanatomethyl) benzene (2)

To a DMF solution (20 ml) of 1-bromo-2- (bromomethyl) -4-fluorobenzene (1,5.36 g, 20.0 mmol) was added sodium iodide (1.20 g, 8.00 mmol) and potassium thiocyanate (3.88 g, 40.0 mmol). After the mixture was heated to 80C under nitrogen atmosphere for 12 hours, it was cooled to room temperature, 100 ml of water was added thereto, and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 2). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, The concentrate was concentrated by suction to give a crude product, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether) to give 1-bromo-4-fluoro-2- (isothiocyanatomethyl) benzene (2).

Example 2 Preparation of N- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) hydrazinocarbothioamide (3)

A solution of hydrazine hydrate (80%, 2.22 g, 35.5 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) was cooled to 0 ° C and 1-bromo-4-fluoro-2- (isothiocyanate Yl) benzene (2,3.16 g, 12.8 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, to which was added 100 ml of ice water, solid precipitated, filtered, washed with water and dried over phosphorus pentoxide overnight to give N- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) hydrazinothiocarb Amide (3).

MS: m / z, 278 (100%, M + 1), 280 (100%), 300 (10%, M + 23), 302 (10%).

Example 3 Preparation of methyl 2- (2- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzylaminothioformamide) hydrazino) propionate (4)

N- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) hydrazinocarbothioamide (3, 1.12 g, 4.00 mmol) was added successively to a solution of pyruvic acid (352 mg, 4.00 mmol) in methanol And the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (150 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4). The organic layer was washed with water, Dried, and concentrated by suction filtration to give methyl 2- (2- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzylaminothioformamide) hydrazino) propionate (4).

MS: m / z, 362 (100%, M + 1), 364 (100%), 384 (60%, M + 23), 386 (60%).

Example 4 4- (2-Bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin- (5)

Sodium methoxide (0.4 M), freshly prepared from sodium (273 mg, 11.88 mmol) and dry methanol (30 ml), was dissolved in 30 ml of methanol, and methyl 2- (2- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzylamino sulfide The mixture was heated to reflux for 22 h. Most of the solvent was distilled off. The residue was diluted with 100 ml of water, adjusted to pH = 1-2 with 2N concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated by suction to give a crude product which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 20% -30%) to give 4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro- ) -one (5).

MS: m / z, 330 (65%, M + 1), 332 (60%, M + 23).

Example 5 Preparation of 4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3- (methylthio) -1,2,4-triazin-5 (4H) preparation

A mixture of 4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro- , 914 mg, 2.77 mmol) was suspended in ethanol (15 ml), followed by addition of sodium hydroxide (111 mg, 2.77 mmol) and methyl iodide (787 mg, 5.54 mmol). The reaction mixture was diluted with 100 ml of water and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 ml x 2). The combined layers were washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrated by suction, and the residue was recrystallized from the residue. Silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 20-25%) afforded 4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3- (methylthio) -l, 2,4-triazin-5 (4H) -one (6).

¹ the H NMR (400MHz, of DMSO, ppm by): [delta] 7.73 (m, IH), 7.16 (br, IH), 7.05 (D, IH), 5.09 (S, 2H), 2.56 (S, 3H), 2.32 ( S, 3H).

MS: m / z, 344 (100%, M + l), 346 (100%).

Example 6 (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro- -triazin-3-yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (8)

A solution of 4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3- (methylthio) -1,2,4-triazin-5 (4H) Mmol) and (R) -tert-butylpiperidine-3carbamate (7,208 mg, 1.04 mmol) for 5 min and heated to 135 ° C for 13 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5- Oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (8).

MS: m / z, 496 (100%, M + l), 498 (100%).

Example 7 (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-cyano-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro- Triazin-3-yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (9)

To a mixture of sodium carbonate (53 mg, 0.50 mmol), palladium acetate (3 mg, 0.013 mmol) and N-methylpyrrolidone 0.5 ml was added 3 drops of isopropanol and 2 drops of water, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro- – triazin-3-yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (8,246mg, 0.496mmol) in NMP (1.0mL), and heated to 140 ℃, then add the K ₄ [of Fe (the CN) _{. 6} ] 3H · ₂ O (209mg, 0.496 mmol), was heated at 140 ℃ 12h, cooled to room temperature, water was added 10ml, extracted with ethyl acetate (20mL × 2), the combined organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, (R) -tert-Butyl l- (4- (2-cyano-5- (2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) Fluoro-benzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (9).

MS: m / z, 418 (20%), 443 (100%, M + 1), 465 (95%, M + 23).

Example 5 Preparation of compound A (R) -2 – ((3- (3-aminopiperidin- 1 -yl) -6-methyl- -yl) methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile (10)

To a solution of (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-cyano-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro- Yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (9,37 mg) in 1 ml of methylene chloride was added 0.5 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, neutralized with a saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, (Eluent: dichloromethane / methanol / aqueous ammonia = 92: 6: 2), in order to obtain (10ml × 3), the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography Methyl) -5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-4 (5H) -yl) methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile (10), i.e. Compound A.

¹ the H NMR (400MHz, of DMSO, ppm by): [delta] 7.96 (m, IH), 7.36 (br, IH), 7.29 (D, IH), 5.23 (S, 2H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.72 ( 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.78 (d, 1H), 1.64 (d, 1H), 1.47 (m, 1H), 1.12 (m, 1H).

MS: m / z, 343 (100%, M + l).

Methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-4 (5H) -yl) -2-oxoquinoline-3- Methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile benzoate (Compound A benzoate)

Configuration 95% ethanol solution: 500mL beaker by adding 228mL ethanol, add 12mL of water, stir well, spare.

60g of 95% ethanol, 120mL of 95% ethanol, stirring, dissolving, filtering, washing with 95% ethanol 18ml; to make the 500mL reaction flask, The ethanolic solution of benzoic acid was added dropwise at an internal temperature of 15 ° C. After completion of the dropwise addition, 95% ethanol was washed and dried under reduced pressure to constant weight to give 42.4 g of (R) -2- (3- (3-aminopiperidin-1-yl) -6-methyl- 1,2,4-triazin-4 (5H) -yl) methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile benzoate (the product).

Melting point determination: Instrument: Tianjin University Precision Instrument Factory YRT-3 melting point instrument.

Detection method: Take appropriate amount of this product, small study, 60 ° C, 2 hours of vacuum drying, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition two appendix Ⅵ C determination of the product melting point of 95 ℃ -115 ℃.

(5H) -benzoic acid was isolated from (R) -2- (3- (3-aminopiperidin-l- yl) -6-methyl- Methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile benzoate 0.1g, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition of two Appendix Ⅲ “General Identification Test” under the “benzoate” test method for testing, set 10ml volumetric flask, Add water and dilute the solvent to the mark, shake, the precise amount of 5ml to 10ml beaker, adjust the solution of phenolphthalein was neutral, drop of ferric chloride solution, were observed ocher precipitation. At the same time do blank control test, the results: multiple batches of samples of benzoic acid identification test results were positive, reagent blank does not interfere with the determination of specificity.

Identification HPLC: chromatographic conditions for the introduction of the Eclipse Plus C the Agilent ₁₈ column (5μm, 4.6х250mm), detection wavelength of 229nm, mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.1% phosphoric acid = 7: 3, a flow rate of 1.0ml / min, The injection volume was 20μl.

The compound A (7.5 mg) of Example 8 was dissolved in a 50 mL volumetric flask, diluted with 70% aqueous acetonitrile and diluted to the mark, shaken as a solution of the compound A reference substance; and 12.5 mg of benzoic acid in a 25 mL volumetric flask, With a volume ratio of 70% acetonitrile aqueous solution and diluted to the mark, take 1mL in 25mL volumetric flask, with volume ratio of 70% acetonitrile aqueous solution and diluted to the mark, shake, as benzoic acid reference substance solution; take this product 10mg In a 50mL volumetric flask, with a volume ratio of 70% acetonitrile aqueous solution dissolved and diluted to the mark, shake, as the product A benzoic acid salt of the test solution. Respectively, the precise amount of the reference solution and the test solution 20μl, according to high performance liquid chromatography (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition two Appendix VD), according to the chromatographic conditions of injection, chromatogram shown in Figure 1, Method.

The results showed that the retention time of the main peak was the same as the retention time of the reference substance, and the content of compound A and benzoic acid was calculated by the peak area. The molar ratio of compound A and benzoic acid was 1: 1.

Infrared absorption spectrum identification: the United States NICOLET AVATAR 330FT-IR infrared spectrometer, in accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition two Appendix IVC correction, take the amount of goods, using KBr tablet method for determination of the product of the infrared diffraction pattern (Figure 2 shown) to wave number cm & lt ^-1 , he said in 3419.75cm ^-1 , 2936.46cm ^-1 , 2230.38cm ^-1 , 1683.28cm ^-1 , 1609.47cm ^-1 , 1511.65cm ^-1 , 1419.44cm ^-1 , 829.18cm ^-1 , 722.67cm ^-1 characteristic absorption peak, 0.2cm error is ± ^-1 .

NEW PATENT

WO-2017008684

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017008684&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=FullText

Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, α-Crystal form of compound A, preparation method thereof, and pharmaceutical composition comprising same

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease that specifically hydrolyzes the N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptide of a polypeptide or protein. DPP-IV is an atypical serine protease whose Ser-Asp-His catalytic triad at the C-terminal region is different from a typical serine protease in reverse order.

DPP-IV has a variety of physiologically relevant substrates, such as inflammatory chemokines, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin and macrophage Cell-derived chemokines, neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and P5 substances, vasoactive peptides, incretin such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) And glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).

Inhibition of DPP-IV in vivo resulted in increased levels of endogenous GLP-1 (7-36) and decreased production of its antagonist GLP-1 (9-36). Thus, DPP-IV inhibitors may be effective in diseases associated with DPP-IV activity such as type 2 diabetes, diabetic dyslipidemia, impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT), impaired Fasting Plasma Glucose (IFG ), Metabolic acidosis, ketosis, appetite regulation and obesity.

DPP-IV inhibitor Alogliptin (Alogliptin) clinically for type 2 diabetes showed good therapeutic effect, approved in the United States market. Therefore, DPP-IV inhibitors are currently considered to be novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

PCT / CN2010 / 080370 describes a series of DPP-IV inhibitors with neo-nuclear structure. (R) -2 – ((3- (3-aminopiperidin- 1 -yl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-l, 2,4- tris piperazine -4 (5H) – yl) methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile (using the prior art process to obtain the product as a yellow oil), molecular formula: the C _{. 17} the H ₁₉ the FN _{. 6} O, molecular weight: 342 chemical formula The following formula (I)

In order to improve the medicinal properties of the compound, studies with favorable stability properties can be effectively used in the treatment of patients with pathological conditions by inhibiting DPP-IV in pharmaceutical compositions.

Summary of the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a stable crystalline form of a stable competitive inhibitor compound D of a reversible dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

The chemical name of compound A is: (R) -2 – ((3- (3-aminopiperidin- 1 -yl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin- 5H) – yl) methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile, molecular formula: the C _{. 17} the H ₁₉ the FN _{. 6} O, molecular weight: 342, the chemical structure of formula a compound of the following formula (the I),

compound A can be prepared according to the method disclosed in PCT / CN2010 / 080370, the specific synthesis route and the main reaction conditions are as follows:

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of Compound A.

Compounds A were prepared according to the procedures of PCT / CN2010 / 080370 Examples 2 and 3 using the following synthetic route:

The resulting compound of the A, ¹ the H-NMR (400MHz, of DMSO, ppm by): [delta] 7.96 (m, IH), 7.36 (br, IH), 7.29 (D, IH), 5.23 (S, 2H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.78 (d, 1H), 1.64 (d, , 343 (100%, M + l).

Specific preparation steps are as follows:

Step A. 1-bromo-4-fluoro-2- (isothiocyanatomethyl) benzene (2)

To a DMF solution (20 mL) of 1-bromo-2- (bromomethyl) -4-fluorobenzene (1,5.36 g, 20.0 mmol) was added sodium iodide (1.20 g, 8.00 mmol) and potassium thiocyanate (3.88 g, 40.0 mmol). The mixture was heated to 80 ° C under nitrogen atmosphere for 12 hours, cooled to room temperature, and 100 mL of water was added thereto. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL × 2). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, The concentrate was concentrated by suction to give a crude product, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether) to give 1-bromo-4-fluoro-2- (isothiocyanatomethyl) benzene (2).

Step BN- (2-Bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) hydrazinocarbothioamide (3)

Dioxane solution (20 mL) of hydrazine hydrate (80%, 2.22 g, 35.5 mmol) was cooled to 0 ° C, and thereto was added 1-bromo-4-fluoro-2- (isothiocyanate Yl) benzene (2,3.16 g, 12.8 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, and 100 mL of ice water was added thereto. The solid was precipitated, filtered, washed with water and dried over phosphorus pentoxide overnight to give N- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) hydrazinothiazepine Amide (3). MS: m / z, 278 (100%, M + 1), 280 (100%), 300 (10%, M + 23), 302 (10%).

Step C. Methyl 2- (2- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzylaminothiocarboxamide) hydrazino) propanoate (4)

N- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) hydrazinocarbothioamide (3, 1.12 g, 4.00 mmol) was added successively to a solution of pyruvic acid (352 mg, 4.00 mmol) in methanol And the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL). The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4). The organic layer was washed with water, Dried and concentrated by suction filtration to give methyl 2- (2- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzylaminothioformamide) hydrazino) propionate (4). MS: m / z, 362 (100%, M + 1), 364 (100%), 384 (60%, M + 23), 386 (60%).

Step D. 4- (2-Bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin- (4)

Sodium methoxide (0.4 M), freshly prepared from sodium (273 mg, 11.88 mmol) and dry methanol (30 mL), was dissolved in 30 mL of methanol and methyl 2- (2- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzylamino sulfide The mixture was heated to reflux for 22 h. Most of the solvent was distilled off. The residue was diluted with 100 mL of water and the pH was adjusted to 1 to 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid (2N). The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The extract was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated by suction to give a crude product which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 20% 4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5 (2H ) -one (5), MS: m / z, 330 (65%, M + 1), 332 (60%, M + 23).

(4H) -one (6) & lt; EMI ID = 36.1 & gt; [0161] Step 4. 4- (2-Bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6 -methyl-

Methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5 (2H) -one (5,914 (111 mg, 2.77 mmol) and methyl iodide (787 mg, 5.54 mmol) were added successively to 15 mL of ethanol. The reaction mixture was diluted with 100 mL of water and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL × 2). The combined layers were washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrated by suction filtration, and the residue was recrystallized from the residue. (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3- (methylthio) – (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -2-methylbenzene was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 20-25% 1,2,4-triazine -5 (4H) – one (. 6). ¹ the H NMR (400MHz, of DMSO, ppm by): [delta] 7.73 (m, IH), 7.16 (br, IH), 7.05 (D, 1H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H). MS: m / z, 344 (100%, M + 1), 346 (100%).

Step F. Preparation of (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro- – three -3-yl) piperidin-3-ylcarbamate (8)

A solution of 4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-3- (methylthio) -1,2,4-triazin-5 (4H) -one (6,180 mg, 0.523 mmol ) And (R) -tert-butylpiperidine-3-carbamate (7, 208 mg, 1.04 mmol) for 5 min and heated to 135 ° C under nitrogen for 13 h. The reaction mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-propan-1- (8). MS: m / z, 496 (100%, M + l), 498 (M + l) (100%).

Step G. Preparation of (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-cyano-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro- – three -3-yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (9)

To a mixture of sodium carbonate (53 mg, 0.50 mmol), palladium acetate (3 mg, 0.013 mmol) and 0.5 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone was added 3 drops of isopropanol and 2 drops of water, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro- 3-yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (8,246mg, 0.496mmol) in NMP (1.0mL), and heated to 140 ℃, then add the K ₄ [of Fe (the CN) _{. 6} ] .3H ₂ O (209 mg, 0.496 mmol), heated at 140 ° C for 12 h, cooled to room temperature, and 10 mL of water was added thereto. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL × 2). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated by suction filtration to give (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-cyano-5-fluorobenzyl) – (2-cyano-5-fluorophenyl) -carbamic acid ethyl ester 6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) piperidine-3- carbamate (9). MS: m / z, 418 (20%), 443 (100%, M + 1), 465 (95%, M + 23).

Methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-4 (5H) -ylidene-2-methyl- ) methyl ) -4-fluorobenzonitrile (10, compound A)

To a solution of (R) -tert-Butyl 1- (4- (2-cyano-5-fluorobenzyl) -6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro- Yl) piperidine-3-carbamate (9,37 mg) in dichloromethane was added 0.5 mL of trifluoroacetic acid and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, neutralized with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, (Eluent: dichloromethane / methanol / aqueous ammonia = 92: 6: 2) to obtain (R (10mL × 3), the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography Methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-4 (5H) -yl) methyl) – 2- Fluorobenzonitrile (10 as a yellow oil).

¹ the H NMR (400MHz, of DMSO, ppm by): [delta] 7.96 (m, IH), 7.36 (br, IH), 7.29 (D, IH), 5.23 (S, 2H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.72 ( (M, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.78 (d, 1H), 1.64 (d, 1H), 1.47 , M + 1).

Patent

CN 104803972

https://www.google.com/patents/CN104803972A?cl=en

REFERENCES

CN 104803972

CN 104803971

US 20110160212

//////////FOTAGLIPTIN BENZOATE, FOTAGLIPTIN , PHASE 1, 1403496-40-1, 1312954-58-7

N[C@@H]1CCCN(C1)C3=NN=C(C)C(=O)N3Cc2cc(F)ccc2C#N

Brigatinib, Бригатиниб, بريغاتينيب , 布格替尼 ,

January 20, 2017 11:10 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | Brigatinib | C29H39ClN7O2P Image result for Brigatinib Figure imgf000127_0001

Brigatinib, AP26113

Molecular Formula:	C₂₉H₃₉ClN₇O₂P
Molecular Weight:	584.102 g/mol

CAS 1197953-54-0

2,4-Pyrimidinediamine, 5-chloro-N⁴-[2-(dimethylphosphinyl)phenyl]-N²-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]phenyl]-

Бригатиниб[Russian][INN]

بريغاتينيب[Arabic][INN]

布格替尼[Chinese][INN]

5-chloro-N4-[2-(dimethylphosphinyl)phenyl]-N2-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

AP-26113

MFCD29472221

UNII:HYW8DB273J

In 2016, orphan drug designation was assigned to the compound in the U.S. for the treatment of ALK, ROS1 or EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

fda 2017 approved

BRIGATINIB

Figure imgf000127_0001

TAKEDA

Image result for BRIGATINIB

Alunbrig		FDA 4/28/2017	To treat patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed on or are intolerant to crizotinib Drug Trials Snapshot

WO 2009143389 PDT PAT

Inventors	Yihan Wang, Wei-Sheng Huang, Shuangying Liu, William C. Shakespeare, R. Mathew Thomas, Jiwei Qi, Feng Li, Xiaotian Zhu, Anna Kohlmann, David C. Dalgarno, Jan Antoinette C. Romero, Dong Zou
Applicant	Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Image result for Yihan Wang ARIAD

Yihan Wang

Dr. Wang founded Shenzhen TargetRx, Inc., in Aug 2014 and is now the President/CEO. He was the Associate Director of Chemistry at ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., until April 2013. Yihan Wang received his B.Sc. in chemistry from University of Science and Technology of China, and Ph.D. in chemistry from New York University. Yihan’s research has focused primarily on medicinal chemistry in the area of signal transduction drug discovery, integrating structure-based drug design, combinatorial chemistry, and both biological and pharmacological assays to identify small-molecule clinical candidates. His career at ARIAD includes innovative research in therapeutic areas involving bone diseases and cancer, and has been a key contributor to the discovery of several clinical drugs, including Ponatinib (iClusig^TM) (approved by the FDA for resistant CML in Dec 2012), Brigatinib (AP26113, Phase II for NSCLC), Ridoforolimus (Phase III for Sarcoma and multiple Phase II), and several pre-clinical compounds. Yihan is the primary author of approximately 90 peer-reviewed publications, patents, and invited meeting talks. Yihan is the editor of “Chemical Biology and Drug Design” and a reviewer for many professional journals.

Yihan is one of the co-founders of Chinese-American BioMedical Association (CABA) and currently on the Board of Directors.

EXAMPLE 19:

5-chloro-Λ’⁴-[4-(dimethylphosphoryl)phenyl]-Λ^r2-{2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-l- yl)piperidin-l-yI]phenyl}pyrimidine-2,4-diamine:

2,5-dichloro-N-[4-(dimethylphosphoryl)plienyl]pyrimiclin-4-amine: To a solution of 2,4,5- trichloropyrimindine (0.15ml, 1.31 mmol) in 1 mL of DMF was added 4- (dimethylphosphoryl)aniline (0.22 Ig, 1.31 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.217g, 1.57mmol). The mixture was heated at 110 ⁰C for 4h. It was basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The suspension was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate to give the final product (0.15g, 36% yield). MS/ES+: m/z=316.

l-[l-(3-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]-4-methylpiperazine: To a solution of 5- fluoro-2-nitroanisooIe (0.5g, 2.92 mmol) in 3 mL of DMF was added l-methyl-4- (piperidin)piperazine (0.536g, 2.92 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.808, 5.84 mmol). The mixture was heated at 120 ⁰C for 18h. The mixture was basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was purified by chromatography to give final product as yellow solid (0.95g, 95% yield). MS/ES+: m/z=334.

2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl]aniline: The a solution of 1 -[I -(3- methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]-4-methylpiperazine (0.3g, 0.90 mmol) in 10 mL of ethanol purged with argon was added 10% Palladium on carbon (0.06Og). The hydrogenation was finished under 30psi after 4h. The mixture was passed through Celite to a flask containing HCl in ethanol. Concentration of the filtrate gave the final product (0.15g, 88% yield). MS/ES+: m/z=334.

S-chloro-JSP-ft-ζdimethylphosphorytyphenyll-rf-ft-methoxy^-ft-ø-methylpiperazin-l- yl)piperidin-l-yl]phenyl}pyrimidine-2,4-diamine: To the compound 2,5-dichloro-N-[4-

(dimethylphosphoryl)phenyl]pyrimidin-4-amine (0.005g, O.lόmmol) in ImL of 2-methoxyethanol was added 2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl]aniline (0.7 Ig, 0.16 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 110⁰C for 18h. The mixture was basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with limited amount of ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was purified by chromatography to give the final product (0.015g, 20% yield). MS/ES+: m/z=583.

SYNTHESIS

WILL BE ADDED WATCH OUT………….

CONTD………..

SOME COLOUR

Dual ALK EGFR Inhibitor AP26113 is an orally available inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Brigatinib binds to and inhibits ALK kinase and ALK fusion proteins as well as EGFR and mutant forms. This leads to the inhibition of ALK kinase and EGFR kinase, disrupts their signaling pathways and eventually inhibits tumor cell growth in susceptible tumor cells. In addition, AP26113 appears to overcome mutation-based resistance. ALK belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily and plays an important role in nervous system development; ALK dysregulation and gene rearrangements are associated with a series of tumors. EGFR is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types.

Structures of select ALK inhibitors.

Brigatinib (previously known as AP26113) is an investigational small-molecule targeted cancer therapy being developed by ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc.^[1] Brigatinib has exhibited activity as a potent dual inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

ARIAD has begun a Phase 1/2 clinical trial of brigatinib based on cancer patients’ molecular diagnoses in September 2011.

ALK was first identified as a chromosomal rearrangement in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Genetic studies indicate that abnormal expression of ALK is a key driver of certain types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and neuroblastomas, as well as ALCL. Since ALK is generally not expressed in normal adult tissues, it represents a highly promising molecular target for cancer therapy.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is another validated target in NSCLC. Additionally, the T790M “gatekeeper” mutation is linked in approximately 50 percent of patients who grow resistant to first-generation EGFR inhibitors.^[2] While second-generation EGFR inhibitors are in development, clinical efficacy has been limited due to toxicity thought to be associated with inhibiting the native (endogenous or unmutated) EGFR. A therapy designed to target EGFR, the T790M mutation but avoiding inhibition of native EGFR is another promising molecular target for cancer therapy.

Pre-clinical results

In 2010, ARIAD announced results of preclinical studies on brigatinib showing potent inhibition of the target protein and of mutant forms that are resistant to the first-generation ALK inhibitor, which currently is in clinical trials in patients with cancer. ARIAD scientists presented these data at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Washington, D.C. in April.^[3]

In 2011, ARIAD announced preclinical studies showing that brigatinib potently inhibited activated EGFR or its T790M mutant, both in cell culture and in mouse tumor models following once daily oral dosing. Importantly, the effective oral doses in these preclinical models were similar to those previously shown to be effective in resistant ALK models. When tested against the native form of EGFR, brigatinib lacked activity, indicating a favorable selectivity for activated EGFR. These data were presented at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 14th World Conference on Lung Cancer.^[4]

Brigatinib

Phase 3 ALTA 1L trial of brigatinib

In April 2015, ARIAD announced the initiation of a randomized, first-line Phase 3 clinical trial of brigatinib in adult patients with ALK-positive locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have not previously been treated with an ALK inhibitor. The ALTA 1L (ALK in Lung Cancer Trial of BrigAtinib in 1st Line) trial is designed to assess the efficacy of brigatinib in comparison to crizotinib based on evaluation of the primary endpoint of progression free survival (PFS). Read Full Press Release

Phase 2 ALTA trial of brigatinib (AP26113)

In March 2014, ARIAD announced the initiation of its global Phase 2 ALTA (ALK in Lung Cancer Trial of brigatinib (AP26113) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who test positive for the ALK oncogene and were previously treated with crizotinib. This trial has reached full enrollment of approximately 220 patients and explores two different dose levels. Read Full Press Release

Phase 1/2 study of oral ALK inhibitor brigatinib (AP26113)

The international Phase 1/2 clinical trial of brigatinib (AP26113) is being conducted in patients with advanced malignancies, including anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patient enrollment in the trial is complete, with the last patient enrolled in July 2014. The primary endpoint in the Phase 2 portion of the trial is overall response rate. In April 2016, ARIAD announced updated clinical data from the trial. Read Full Press Release

Expanded Access Study of brigatinib

The purpose of this Expanded Access Program (EAP) is to provide brigatinib for those patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic patients with ALK+ NSCLC on an expanded access basis due to their inability to meet eligibility criteria for on-going recruiting trials, inability to participate in other clinical trials (e.g., poor performance status, lack of geographic proximity), or because other medical interventions are not considered appropriate or acceptable.

About Brigatinib

Brigatinib (AP26113) is an investigational, targeted cancer medicine discovered internally at ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. It is in development for the treatment of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) whose disease is resistant to crizotinib. Brigatinib is currently being evaluated in the global Phase 2 ALTA (ALK in Lung Cancer Trial of AP26113) trial that is anticipated to form the basis for its initial regulatory review. ARIAD has also initiated the Phase 3 ALTA 1L trial to assess the efficacy of brigatinib in comparison to crizotinib. In June 2016, an Expanded Access Study of brigatinib will begin. More information on brigatinib clinical trials, including the expanded access program (EAP) for ALK+ NSCLC can be found here.

Brigatinib was granted orphan drug designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2016 for the treatment of certain subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The designation is for anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+), c-ros 1 oncogene positive (ROS1+), or epidermal growth factor receptor positive (EGFR+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Brigatinib received breakthrough therapy designation from the FDA in October 2014 for the treatment of patients with ALK+ NSCLC whose disease is resistant to crizotinib. Both designations were based on results from an ongoing Phase 1/2 trial that showed anti-tumor activity of brigatinib in patients with ALK+ NSCLC, including patients with active brain metastases.

We are on track to file for approval of brigatinib in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2016.

PATENT

WO 2016065028

https://google.com/patents/WO2016065028A1?cl=ru

Brigatinib has the chemical formula C29H3₉QN7G2P which, corresponds to a formula weight of 584.09 g/moL Its chemical structure is shown below:

Brigatinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor useful for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other diseases, it is a potent inhibitor of ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase} and is in clinical development for the treatment of adult patients with ALK-driven NSCLC. Crizotinib (XALKOR!^®) is an FDA approved drug for first-line treatment ^‘of ALK-positive NSCLC. “Despite initial responses to crizotinib, the majority of patients have a relapse within 12 months, owing to the development of resistance.” Shaw et al., New Eng. J. Med. 370:1 189-97 2014. Thus, a growing population of cancer patients are in need of new and effective therapies for ALK-positive cancers.

Brigatinib is also potentially useful for treating other diseases or conditions in which ALK or other protein kinases inhibited by brigatinib are implicated. Such kinases and their associated disorders or conditions are disclosed in WO 2009/143389, both of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

FIG. 1 is a synthetic scheme for brigatinib,

FIG. 6 is an ¹H-Niv1R spectrum obtained for a sample of brigatinib dissolved in CD₃OD. Normalised intensity is shown on the vertical axis and chemical shift (ppm) is shown on the horizontal axis.

FIG. 7 is a ¹³C-NMR spectrum obtained for a sample of brigatinib dissolved in CDCi₃. Normalized intensity is shown on the vertical axis and chemical shift (ppm) is shown on the horizontal axis.

FIG. 8 is a mass spectral fragmentation pattern of a sample of brigatinib Form A. Relative abundance is shown on the vertical axis and atomic weight (m/z) is shown on the horizontal axis.

Table 2 summarizes the relevant chemical shift data of Form A obtained from

the ^‘Ή, and ¹³C-N R experiments. The number of signals and their relative intensity (integrals) confinri the number of protons and carbons in the structure of Form A of brigatinib. The ³¹P-NMR chemical shift for the single phosphorous atom in brigatinib was 43.6 ppm. These ¹H and ¹³C-NMR chemical shift data are reported according to the atom numbering scheme shown immediately below:

¹H-N R Assignments – ¹³C~N R Assignments

Table 2: ¹H and ³C Chemical Shift Data (in ppm) of Form A of Brigatinib

[00118] With reference to Figure 8, mass spectral experiments of Form A were carried out using an Agilsent eiectrospray time of fisght mass spectrometer (Model 6210} operating in positive son mode using flow injection sampie introduction. Samples of Form A were dissolved in methanol/water and were analyzed and the mass observed was m/ 584.263 ( +f-T) with the calculated exact mass being 584.2684 ( +H⁺). The observed moiecuiar mass is consistent with the elemental composition calculated from the molecular formula of brigatinib.

PAPER

Discovery of Brigatinib (AP26113), a Phosphine Oxide-Containing, Potent, Orally Active Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase

ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States

J. Med. Chem., 2016, 59 (10), pp 4948–4964

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00306

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00306

*Phone: +1-617-621-2341. E-mail: Wei-Sheng.Huang@ariad.com.

Abstract

In the treatment of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), secondary mutations within the ALK kinase domain have emerged as a major resistance mechanism to both first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors. This report describes the design and synthesis of a series of 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine-based potent and selective ALK inhibitors culminating in identification of the investigational clinical candidate brigatinib. A unique structural feature of brigatinib is a phosphine oxide, an overlooked but novel hydrogen-bond acceptor that drives potency and selectivity in addition to favorable ADME properties. Brigatinib displayed low nanomolar IC₅₀s against native ALK and all tested clinically relevant ALK mutants in both enzyme-based biochemical and cell-based viability assays and demonstrated efficacy in multiple ALK+ xenografts in mice, including Karpas-299 (anaplastic large-cell lymphomas [ALCL]) and H3122 (NSCLC). Brigatinib represents the most clinically advanced phosphine oxide-containing drug candidate to date and is currently being evaluated in a global phase 2 registration trial.

(2-((5-Chloro-2-((2-methoxy-4-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)dimethylphosphine Oxide (11q)

Mp 215 °C.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.33 (dd, J = 4.52, 8.03 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.78 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (ddd, J = 1.51, 7.78, 14.05 Hz, 1H), 7.47–7.54 (m, 1H), 7.25 (ddt, J = 1.00, 2.26, 7.53 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J = 2.51 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (dd, J = 2.51, 8.78 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.69 (d, J = 12.30 Hz, 2H), 2.62–2.86 (m, 6H), 2.43–2.62 (m, 4H), 2.33–2.42 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.97–2.08 (m, 2H), 1.83 (d, J = 13.30 Hz, 6H), 1.66 (dq, J = 3.89, 12.09 Hz, 2H).

¹³C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 18.57 (d, J = 71.53 Hz), 28.28 (s), 46.02 (s), 49.01 (s), 50.52 (s), 55.46 (s), 55.65 (s), 61.79 (s), 101.07 (s), 106.01 (s), 108.41 (s), 120.25 (d, J = 95.73 Hz), 120.68 (s), 122.09 (s), 122.41 (d, J = 12.10 Hz), 123.13 (br d, J = 6.60 Hz), 129.48 (d, J = 11.00 Hz), 132.36 (s), 143.91 (d, J = 2.20 Hz), 147.59 (s), 149.38 (s), 154.97 (s), 155.91 (s), 157.82 (s).

³¹P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 43.55.

MS/ES+: m/z = 584.3 [M + H]⁺.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₉H₃₉ClN₇O₂P: C, 59.63; H, 6.73; Cl, 6.07; N, 16.79; O, 5.48; P, 5.30. Found: C, 59.26; H, 6.52; Cl, 6.58; N, 16.80.

PATENT

WO 2016089208

New Patent, Suzhou MiracPharma Technology Co Ltd, Brigatinib, WO 2017016410

WO-2017016410

Preparation method for antitumor drug AP26113

Suzhou MiracPharma Technology Co Ltd

SUZHOU MIRACPHARMA TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD [CN/CN]; Room 1305, Building 1,Lianfeng Commercial Plaza, Industrial District Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000 (CN)
XU, Xuenong; (CN)

Improved process for preparing brigatinib, useful for treating cancer eg non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present filing represents the first PCT patenting to be seen from Suzhou MiracPharma that focuses on brigatinib; In February 2017, brigatinib was reported to be in pre-registration phase.

Disclosed is a preparation method for an antitumor drug AP26113 (I). The method comprises the following preparation steps: cyclizing N-[2-methoxyl-4-[4-(dimethyl amino)piperid-1-yl]aniline]guanidine and N,N-dimethylamino acrylate, condensing N-[2-methoxyl-4-[4-(dimethyl amino)piperid-1-yl]aniline]guanidine and 4-(dimethyl phosphitylate)aniline, and chlorinating N-[2-methoxyl-4-[4-(dimethyl amino)piperid-1-yl]aniline]guanidine by means of a chlorinating agent, sequentially, so as to prepare AP26113 (I). The preparation method adopts easily-obtained raw materials, causes few side reactions, and is economical, environmentally-friendly, and suitable for industrial production.

AP26113 is an experimental drug developed by Ariad Pharmaceuticals to target small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK) metastases resistant to crizotinib Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The drug was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in August 2014 for breakthrough drug treatment. The current clinical data show that AP26113 on ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients, including patients with brain metastases, have a sustained anti-tumor activity. And the inhibitory activity against ALK is about 10 times that of zolotriptan, which can inhibit all 9 kinds of identified mutations of kotatinib resistant ALK.

The chemical name of AP26113 is 5-chloro-N- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl] -2-methoxyphenyl] -N4- [2- Phosphono) phenyl] -2,4-pyrimidinediamine (I) having the structural formula:

Methods for the preparation of AP26113 have been reported. AP26113 and its starting materials A and B are prepared by PCT Patent WO2009143389 of Ariad and U.S. Patent No. 20130225527, US20130225528 and US20140066406 of Ariad. The target compound AP26113 is prepared by substituting 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine with the pyrimidine ring of starting materials A and B in turn.

Although the synthetic procedure is simple, the nucleophilic activity of the three chlorine atoms on 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine is limited. When the same or similar aniline group is faced, its position Selectivity will inevitably produce interference, resulting in unnecessary side effects, thus affecting the quality of the product. At the same time, the reaction process for the use of precious metal palladium reagent also increased the cost of production is not conducive to the realization of its industrialization.

Therefore, how to use modern synthesis technology, the use of readily available raw materials, design and development of simple and quick, economical and environmentally friendly and easy to industrialization of the new synthesis route, especially customer service location on the pyrimidine ring side effects of selectivity, for the drug Economic and technological development is of great significance

The synthesis step comprises the following steps: N- [2-methoxy-4- [4- (dimethylamino) piperidin-1-yl] aniline] guanidine (II) and N, N-dimethylaminoacrylates Amino-4 (1H) -pyrimidinone (III) in the presence of a base such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, (III) was reacted with 4- (dimethyl (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl) -2-methoxyphenyl] (A) is condensed under the action of a condensing agent and a base accelerator to obtain N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl] -2-methoxybenzene (IV); the N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -l- (4-fluorophenyl) (IV) with a chlorinating agent in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, sodium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, AP26113 (I).

Example 1:

A solution of 2-methoxy-4- [4- (dimethylamino) piperidin-1-yl] aniline (24.9 g, 0.1 mol) and 250 mL of methanol was added to the reaction flask and the temperature was lowered to 0C (15 mL, 0.15 mol) and a 50% solution of cyanamide (10 mL, 0.15 mol) were added successively. The reaction was stirred for 12 to 14 hours and the reaction was complete by TLC. After cooling to 0-5 ° C, 250 mL of methyl tert-butyl ether was added to the reaction mixture. A solid precipitated and was filtered, washed successively with water and cold acetonitrile, and dried to give N- [2-methoxy- 16.3 g, yield 56.0%, FAB-MS m / z: 292 [M + H] ⁺ . [4- (Dimethylamino) piperidin-1-yl] aniline] guanidine (II)

Example 2:

A solution of N- [2-methoxy-4- [4- (dimethylamino) piperidin-1-yl] aniline] guanidine (II) (2.9 g, 10 mmol), N, Methyl methacrylate (1.8 g, 13.7 mmol) and toluene (50 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 24-26 hours. The reaction was complete by TLC. After cooling to room temperature, a solid precipitated. The filter cake was washed with cold methanol and dried in vacuo to give an off-white solid of N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl] -2-methoxyphenyl] 1H) -pyrimidinone (III), yield 77.3%, FAB-MS m / z: 344 [M + H] ⁺ .

Example 3:

A solution of N- [2-methoxy-4- [4- (dimethylamino) piperidin-1-yl] aniline] guanidine (II) (2.9 g, 10 mmol), N, (2.0 g, 14.0 mmol) and N, N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) was added and the temperature was raised to 115-125 ° C. The reaction was stirred for 22-24 hours and the reaction was complete by TLC. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and 50 mL of ethanol was added to the resulting residue. The mixture was cooled to room temperature while stirring to precipitate a solid. The filter cake was washed with cold ethanol and dried in vacuo to give an off-white solid of N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl] -2-methoxyphenyl] 1H) -pyrimidinone (III) in 79.6% yield, FAB-MS m / z: 344 [M + H] ⁺ .

Example 4:

A mixture of N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl] -2-methoxyphenyl] amino-4 (1H) -pyrimidinone III) (3.43 g, 10 mmol), benzotriazol-1-yloxytris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (6.63 g, 15 mmol) and acetonitrile 100 mL. Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -undec-7-ene (DBU) (2.28 g, 15 mmol) was added dropwise at room temperature for 12 hours. The temperature was raised to 60 ° C and the reaction was continued for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, 100 mL of ethyl acetate was dissolved, and the mixture was washed with 20 mL of 2M sodium hydroxide and 20 mL of water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran-dissolved 4- (dimethylphosphoranylidene) A) (2.2 g, 13 mmol) and sodium hydride (0.31 g, 13 mmol) was added and the temperature was raised to 50-55 ° C. The reaction was stirred for 6-8 hours and monitored by TLC. The reaction was quenched with saturated brine, the organic phase was separated, dried and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The crude product was recrystallized from ethanol to give an off-white solid of N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidine Yl] -2-methoxyphenyl] -N4- [2- (dimethylphosphono) phenyl] -2,4-pyrimidinediamine (IV) in a yield of 83.2%. FAB-MS m / z: 495 [M + H] ⁺ .

Example 5:

A mixture of N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl] -2-methoxyphenyl] amino-4 (1H) -pyrimidinone (Dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) (6.63 g, 15 mmol), 4- (dimethylsulfamoyl) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate Phosphoryl) aniline (A) (2.2 g, 13 mmol) and N, N-dimethylformamide. Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) (2.28 g, 15 mmol) was added dropwise and reacted at room temperature for 12 hours. The temperature was raised to 60 ° C and the reaction was continued for 12 hours. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, 100 mL of ethyl acetate was added to dissolve, and the mixture was washed with 2 M sodium hydroxide 20 mL. The organic phase was separated, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from ethanol to give an off-white solid of N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl] -2-methoxyphenyl] -N4- [2- Phenylidene] -2,4-pyrimidinediamine (IV) was obtained in a yield of 48.6%. FAB-MS m / z: 495 [M + H] ⁺ .

Example 6:

A solution of N2- [4- [4- (dimethylamino) -1-piperidinyl] -2-methoxyphenyl] -N4- [2- (dimethylphosphono) Phenyl] -2,4-pyrimidinediamine (IV) (4.9 g, 10 mmol) and 100 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred at room temperature. N-Chlorosuccinimide (1.6 g, 12 mmol) was added in three portions, The reaction was allowed to proceed at room temperature for 4-6 hours, and the reaction was terminated by TLC. The reaction solution was poured into 50 mL of water to quench the reaction. Dichloromethane, and the combined organic layers were washed successively with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, saturated brine and water. Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The resulting crude oil was recrystallized from ethyl acetate / n-hexane to give 3.5 g of a white solid AP26113 (I) in 66.3% yield, FAB-MS m / z: 529 [M + the H] ⁺ , ¹ the H NMR (CDCl ₃ ) 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.81 (S, 3H), 1.85 (S, 3H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 6.50 (m, 1H), 6.57 (m, 1H), 7.12 (m, 1H) ), 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 8.13 (m, 2H), 8.64 (m, 1H).

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017016410&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=FullText

////////////New Patent, Suzhou MiracPharma Technology Co Ltd, Brigatinib, WO 2017016410

References

Jump up^ Huang, Wei-Sheng; Liu, Shuangying; Zou, Dong; Thomas, Mathew; Wang, Yihan; Zhou, Tianjun; Romero, Jan; Kohlmann, Anna; Li, Feng. “Discovery of Brigatinib (AP26113), a Phosphine Oxide-Containing, Potent, Orally Active Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 59: 4948–4964. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00306.
Jump up^ Sequist; et al. (2011). “Genotypic and Histological Evolution of Lung Cancers Acquiring Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors”. Sci Trans. Med. 3 (75): 75ra26. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002003.
Jump up^ “ARIAD Presents Preclinical Data on Its Investigational ALK Inhibitor, AP26113, Demonstrating That It Can Overcome Mutation-Based Drug Resistance in Cancer Models”.
Jump up^ “ARIAD Announces Presentation on Its Investigational Lung Cancer Drug Candidate, AP26113, a Dual Inhibitor of ALK and EGFR, at World Conference on Lung Cancer”.

1 to 6 of 6

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US2015225436	PHOSPHOROUS DERIVATIVES AS KINASE INHIBITORS	2015-04-20	2015-08-13
US2014066406	Phosphorus Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors	2013-03-15	2014-03-06
US2014024620	Methods for Inhibiting Cell Proliferation in EGFR-Driven Cancers	2011-10-14	2014-01-23
US2013225527	Phosphorus Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors	2013-03-15	2013-08-29
US2013225528	Phosphorus Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors	2013-03-15	2013-08-29
US2012202776	PHOSPHORUS DERIVATIVES AS KINASE INHIBITORS	2009-05-21	2012-08-09

Brigatinib
Names

IUPAC name (2-((5-Chloro-2-((2-methoxy-4-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)dimethylphosphine oxide
Other names AP26113
Identifiers
CAS Number	1197953-54-0
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	34982928
PubChem	68165256
InChI [show]
SMILES [show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C₂₉H₃₉ClN₇O₂P
Molar mass	584.10 g·mol⁻¹
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

//////////Бригатиниб, بريغاتينيب , 布格替尼 , Brigatinib, AP26113, PHASE 2, ORPHAN DRUG, 1197953-54-0

CN1CCN(CC1)C2CCN(CC2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)NC4=NC=C(C(=N4)NC5=CC=CC=C5P(=O)(C)C)Cl)OC

EMA publishes Q&A on Health Based Exposure Limits – Does the 1/1000 dose criterion come again into play in Cleaning Validation?

January 19, 2017 2:06 pm / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

In 2014 the European Medicines Agency (EMA) issued the Guideline on setting health based exposure limits for use in risk identification in the manufacture of different medicinal products in shared facilities. This publication triggered a discussion about the Permitted Daily Exposure (PDE) values in the Pharmaceutical and even in the API Industry, especially regarding crosscontamination and cleaning validation. Now a draft of a Q&A paper from the EMA provides some concretisation.

Image result for Cleaning Validation http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05736_EMA-publishes-Q-A-on-Health-Based-Exposure-Limits—Does-the-1-1000-dose-criterion-come-again-into-play-in-Cleaning-Validation_15560,15661,15963,Z-VM_n.html

In 2014 the European Medicines Agency (EMA) issued the Guideline on setting health based exposure limits for use in risk identification in the manufacture of different medicinal products in shared facilities. As mentioned in the publication itself, this document triggered a discussion about the Permitted Daily Exposure (PDE) values in the Pharmaceutical and even in the API Industry, especially regarding crosscontamination and cleaning validation. Now, the draft of a question & answer paper from the European Medicines Agency provides some…

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Thailand Drug regulatory Update, Take a peep

January 19, 2017 2:01 pm / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

http://www.fda.moph.go.th/eng/index.stm

[PDF]Regulatory Requirement for the Approval of generic Drug in Thailand …

http://www.jpsbr.org/index_htm_files/JPSBR14RV4029.pdf

Apr 13, 2014 – Thailand has its own drug registration format and also follows. ASEAN CTD. … Transparency in the regulatory authorities of member countries.

THAILAND PHARMACEUTICAL REGISTRATION AND APPROVAL

The Thai FDA (TFDA), one of several agencies under the Ministry of Public Health (MPH), is the regulatory body administering drugs in Thailand. The Drug Control Division of the TFDA is responsible for registration, licensing, surveillance, inspection and adverse event monitoring for all pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical companies in Thailand. Foreign pharma companies dominate the Thai drug market. Due in part to trade negotiations, regional harmonization and positive economic trends, the pharmaceutical market in Thailand is predicted to double by 2022.There are several versions of the Drug Act currently in effect, and the Thai government is working on a revised version with updated regulations. Under the current…

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FDA publishes Final Guideline on GMP for Combination Products

January 13, 2017 3:23 pm / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

Image result for CGMP for Combination Products.

In the beginning of 2015 the FDA has published a draft guideline about GMP for Combination Products. Now the final version has been published. What are the differences between the draft and the final version of the FDA Guideline for Combination Products?

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05738_FDA-publishes-Final-Guideline-on-GMP-for-Combination-Products_15649,16021,15963,Z-VM_n.html

The final guideline has expanded to now 59 pages (draft: 46 pages). And also the number of footnotes increased from 85 (draft) to 147 (final).

In the table of content there are one new subchapter (II B Quality and Current Good Manufacturing Practice) and one new chapter (VII Glossary). Subchapter III C was expanded to definitions and terminology. In the following the table of content is listed:

I. Introduction

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Amtolmetin guacil, амтолметин гуацил , أمتولمتين غواسيل , 呱氨托美丁

January 9, 2017 11:12 am / Leave a comment

Amtolmetin guacil,

ST-679, MED-15, Eufans

CAS 87344-06-7
UNII: 323A00CRO9,

Molecular Formula, C24-H24-N2-O5, Molecular Weight, 420.463,

2-Methoxyphenyl 1-methyl-5-p-methylbenzoylpyrrole-2-acetoamidoacetate

Glycine, N-((5-benzoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acetyl)-, 2-methoxyphenyl ester

Trade names: Amtoril®, Artricol®, Artromed®

US 4578481, US 6288241,

MEDOSAN RICERCA S.R.L. [IT/IT]; Via Cancelliera, 12 I-00040 Cecchina RM (IT) (For All Designated States Except US).
SIGMA-TAU INDUSTRIE FARMACEUTICHE RIUNITE S.P.A. [IT/IT]; Viale Shakespeare, 47 I-00144 Roma (IT)

Launched – 1993 ITALY, SIGMA TAU, Non-Opioid Analgesics FOR Treatment of Osteoarthritis, Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis,

Originator sigma-tau SpA
Class Amino acids; Antipyretics; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories; Pyrroles; Small molecules
Mechanism of Action Cyclooxygenase inhibitors
- Marketed Inflammation
Most Recent Events
- 01 Jun 1999 A meta-analysis has been added to the adverse events section
- 22 Jul 1995 Launched for Inflammation in Italy (PO)

Amtolmetin guacil is a NSAID which is a prodrug of tolmetin sodium.

Amtolmetin guacil is a nonacidic prodrug of tolmetin that has similar nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) properties to those of Tolmetin with additional gastroprotective advantages. The term “nonsteroidal” is used to distinguish these drugs from steroids that have similar eicosanoid-depressing and antiinflammatory actions. Moreover, it possesses a more potent and long-lasting antiinflammatory activity than tolmetin and is marketed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Background

Tolmetin sodium is an effective NSAID approved and marketed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In humans, tolmetin sodium is absorbed rapidly with peak plasma levels observed 30 min after p.o. administration, but it is also eliminated rapidly with a mean plasma elimination t½ of approximately 1 hr. The preparation of slow release formulations or chemical modification of NSAIDs to form prodrugs has been suggested as a method to reduce the gastrotoxicity of these agents.

Amtolmetin guacil is a non-acidic prodrug of tolmetin, having similar NSAID properties like tolmetin with additional analgesic, antipyretic, and gastro protective properties. Amtolmetin is formed by amidation of tolmetin by glycine

Pharmacology

Almost is absorbed on oral administration. It is concentrated maximum in internal the gastric wall, and highest concentration reached in 2 hours after administration.
Amtolmetin guacil hydrolysed in to following metabolites Tolmetin, MED5 and Guiacol.
Elimination will complete in 24 hours. Happens mostly with urine in shape of gluconides products (77%), faecal (7.5%).
It is advised to take the drug on empty stomach.
Permanent anti-inflammatory action is continued up to 72 hours, with single administration.

Mechanism of action

Amtolmetin guacil stimulates capsaicin receptors present on gastro intestinal walls, because of presence of vanillic moiety and also releases NO which is gastro protective. It also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX).

Structure of amtolmetin 1 and tolmetin 2.

26171-23-3 TOLMETIN FREE FORM

http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2173/11/11_chapter%204.pdf

Tolmetin sodium 64490-92-2		Average Mass: 279.2663

26171-23-3 TOLMETIN FREE FORM

1-methyl-5-p-tolylpyrrole-2-acetic acid

Image result for tolmetin

Melting point 155-158 °C, IR (KBr, cm-1): 3205 (OH), 2958 (Aliphatic C-H), 1731 (Acid, C=O), 1700 (C=O), 1616 (C=C), 1267 (C-O); 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.63 ( d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.63 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.11 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H); MS (ESI): m/z calcd for C15H15NO3 (M + H): 258.11; found: (M + H) 257.9. (Fig. 4.12 – 4.14)

Image result for tolmetin

INNTERMEDIATE

1-methyl-5-p-toluoyl-2-acetamidoacetic acid

Melting point: 200-202° C. IR (KBr, cm-1): 3282 (NH), 3060 (OH), 1741 (Acid, C=O), 1637 (Amide, C=O), 1608 (C=C), 1178 (C-N); 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.64 ( dd, J =6.3 Hz, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.65 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 3.30 (t, J =1.4 Hz, 2H), 2.41(s, 3H); MS (ESI): m/z calcd for C17H18N2O4 (M + H): 315.13; found: (M + H) 315. (Fig. 4.20 – 4.22)

SYNTHESIS

STUDENTS SOME COLOUR………………

1H and 13 C NMR PREDICT

SYNTHESIS

Amtolmetin guacil (CAS NO.: 87344-06-7), with its systematic name of N-((1-Methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrol-2-yl)acetyl)glycine o-methoxyphenyl ester, could be produced through many synthetic methods.

Following is one of the synthesis routes: 1-Methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)pyrrole-2-acetic acid (I) is condensed with glycine ethyl ester (II) in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and triethylamine in THF to afford the corresponding acetamidoacetate (III), which is hydrolyzed with NaOH in THF-water yielding 2-[2-[1-methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)pyrrol-2-yl]acetamido]acetic acid (IV). Finally, this compound is esterified with 2-methoxyphenol (guayacol) (V) by means of CDI in hot THF.

Image result for Amtolmetin

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO1999033797A1?cl=tr

The present invention relates to a new crystalline form of 1- methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetamidoacetic acid guaiacyl ester, a process for its preparation and to pharmaceutical compositions endowed with antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity containing same.

The ester of 1-methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetamidoacetic acid (hereinafter referred to as MED 15, form 1) is a known compound.

In fact, US Patent 4,882,349 discloses a class of N-mono- substituted and N,N-disubstituted amides of l-methyl-5-p- toluoylpyrrole-2-acetic acid (known as Tolmetin) endowed of anti- inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antisecretive and antitussive properties.

US Patent 4,578,481 claims a specific compound, endowed with valuable pharmacological activity, encompassed in the above- mentioned class, precisely 1-methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetamido- acetic acid guaiacyl ester (which is MED 15, form 1), and a process for its preparation.

The process disclosed in US 4,578,481 presents some drawbacks, since it is not easily applicable on industrial scale and gives low yields.

According to the above-mentioned process, Tolmetin was reacted with N,N’-carbonyldiimidazole in tetrahydrofuran (THF), and aminoacetic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride was added to the reaction mixture.

Following a complex series of washings in order to remove the unreacted starting compounds, and crystallisation from benzene/ cyclohexane, 1-methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetamidoace-tic acid ethyl ester was obtained. This compound was subsequently transformed into the corresponding acid.

The acid was reacted with N,N’-carbonyldiimidazole obtaining the corresponding imidazolide, to which a solution of guaiacol in

THF was added.

From the reaction mixture, following several washings, neutralisation and crystallisation from benzene/ cyclohexane MED 15 form 1 was obtained.

The main physico-chemical characteristics of MED 15 form 1 are shown in table 1, left column.

The above mentioned process comprises the following steps:

(a) hydrolysing TOLMETIN 1 methyl ester with an alkaline hydroxide in a basic environment, obtaining TOLMETIN 2 alkaline salt;

(b) condensing 2 with isobutylchloroformate 3 obtaining the mixed anhydride 4;

(d) condensing 6 with isobutylchloroformate 3 obtaining the mixed anhydride 7; and

(e) reacting the mixed anhydride 7 with guaiacol 8 obtaining 9 , MED 15, form 2.

The following non-limiting example illustrates the preparation of MED 15, form 2, according to the process of the present invention.

Preparation of 1-methyl-p-toluoylpirrol-2-acetoammidoacetic acid.

A mixture of 500 mL of toluene, 100 g of Tolmetin ethyl ester and 10 g of Terre deco in 1L flask, was heated to 70° C and maintained at this temperature for 20-30 min, under stirring. The mixture was then filtered on pre-heated buckner, and the solid phase washed with 50 mL of heated toluene. The discoloured toluene solution was transferred in a 2 L flask, 15 g of sodium hydroxide (97%) dissolved in 100 mL of water were added thereto.

The solution was heated at reflux temperature and refluxed for 1 hour. 22 mL of isobutyl alcohol were added to the solution which was heated at reflux temperature; water (about 120 mL) was removed completely with Marcusson’s apparatus arriving up to 104-105°C inner temperature.

To a suspension of Tolmetin sodium, cooled under nitrogen atmosphere to -5°C ± 2°C, 0.2 mL of N-methyl Morpholine were added. Maintaining the temperature at 0°C ± 3°C, 53 mL of isobutyl chloroformate were added dropwise in 5-10 min. After about 1 hour the suspension became fluid. Following 3 hours of reaction at 0°C + 3°C, over the glycine solution previously prepared, the mixed anhydride solution was added dropwise. The glycine solution was prepared in a flask containing 230 mL of demineralised water, 47 g of potassium hydrate (90%), cooling the solution to 20°C ± 2, adding 60 g of glycine, and again cooling to 10°C ± 2°C.

To the glycine solution, the mixed anhydride was added dropwise under stirring, in 5-10 min., maintaining the temperature at 20°C ± 2°C.

At the end of the addition, temperature was left to rise to room temperature, 1 hour later the reaction was complete. To the mixture 325 mL of demineralised water were added, the mixture was brought to pH 6.0 +2 using diluted (16%) hydrochloric acid (about 100 mL).

The temperature of the solution was brought to 73°C ±2°C and the pH adjusted to pH 5.0 ±0.2.

The separation of the two phases was made at hot temperature: the toluene phase was set aside for recovering acid-Tolmetin if any, the water phase was maintained at 73°C ±2°C and brought to pH 4.0 ±0.2 using diluted hydrochloric acid.

At the beginning of the precipitation the solution was slowly brought to pH 3.0 ±0.2 using diluted (16%) hydrochloric acid (100 mL).

The mixture was cooled to 15°C ±3°C and after 30 min. filtered. The solid cake was washed with 2×100 mL of demineralised water, the product was dried at 60°C under vacuum till constant weight. 100 g of 1-methyl-p-toluoylpirrol-2-acetoammidoacetic acid were obtained.

Preparation of MED 15, form 2

To a 2 L flask containing 730 mL of toluene, 100 g of dried compound of the above step were dissolved. To this solution 18.8 g of potassium hydrate (tit. 90%) in 65 mL of water were added.

The solution was dried maintaining the internal temperature at 95-100°C, and cooled to 55-60 °C. A solution of potassium hydrogen carbonate was then added and the resulting mixture was dried maintaining the internal temperature at 105°C ±2°C.

The mixture was cooled under nitrogen atmosphere to 5°C

±2°C, 24 mL of isobutyl alcohol and 0.3 mL of N-methyl morpholine were added thereto.

Maintaining the temperature at 10°C ±3°C, 47 mL of isobutyl-chloroformate were added dropwise in 5-10 minutes. The mixture was left to react for two hours at 10°C ±3°C obtaining an anhydride solution, which was added to a guaiacol solution previously prepared.

The guaiacol solution was prepared by loading in a 2L-flask 295 mL of water, 25 g of potassium hydrate (90%), and 0.3 g of sodium metabisulfite.

At the end of the loading the temperature was brought to 35-40°C.

The anhydride was added dropwise in 5- 10 min and the temperature was left to rise to room temperature.

The suspension was kept under stirring for 1 hour and brought to pH 6.0 ±0.5 with diluted hydrochloric acid. The suspension was heated to 70°C ± 5°C and maintained at pH 3-4 with diluted hydrochloric acid.

The phases were separated while hot. The aqueous phase was discharged, and to the organic phase, 250 mL of water were added.

Maintaining the temperature at 70 ±5°C the solution was brought to pH 8.0 ±0.5 with diluted sodium hydrate, the phases were separated while hot and the acqueous phase was discharged.

The organic phase was washed with 250 mL of water. At 70 ± 5°C the phases were separated. The toluene phase was then cleared with dicalite, filtered and left to crystallise.

The mixture was slowly cooled to 30°C – 35°C, the temperature was then brought to 10 ± 3°C and after 1 hour filtered, washed with toluene (2×100 mL).

The product was brought to dryness at 60°C under vacuum, thus giving 100 g of compound MED 15, form 2.

Theoretical yield: 133.7 g; Yield %: 74.8%.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2000032188A2?cl=un

PATENT

CN-100390144

PATENT

CN 1827597

Example 1: Steps:

Equipped with a trap, 2000ml four-neck reaction flask with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, 加入托 US buna 100.0g (0.358mol) and 500ml of toluene, turned stirred and heated under reflux with toluene with water, drying the solution, when When the internal temperature reaches 95-100 ℃, the solution was cooled to 55-60 ℃, dissolved in 30ml of water was added portionwise 11.5g of potassium bicarbonate was added, and refluxed to remove water, until the internal temperature reaches 105 ± 2 ℃. The mixture was cooled to ice-water bath 5 ± 2 ℃, to which was added 24ml of isobutyl alcohol and 0.3ml N- methylmorpholine. The temperature was maintained at 10 ± 3 ℃, with a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel was added dropwise isobutylchloroformate 45.5ml (0.400mol), 10min addition was complete, so the mixture was 10 ± 3 ℃ 2hr reaction solution to obtain an acid anhydride, it has been prepared dropwise glycine guaiacol ester solution, 5-10min the addition was complete. Glycine guaiacol ester solution was prepared by adding 295ml of water in a 2000ml flask, 27g of potassium hydroxide (82%) and 0.3g of sodium metabisulfite, stirring to dissolve, the temperature was controlled at 10 ± 3 ℃, to which was added 82.7g (0.38mol) glycine guaiacol ester hydrochloride and prepared. Dropwise addition, the temperature was raised to room temperature, the reaction 2hr, diluted with 16% hydrochloric acid to adjust the mixture to pH 6.0 ± 0.5. The suspension was heated to 70 ± 5 ℃, and then 16% diluted hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3.5 to 4.5, while hot liquid separation, discarding the aqueous phase, the organic phase was added to 250ml of water, maintaining the temperature at 70 ± 5 ℃ with dilute (2N) sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the solution to pH 8.0 ± 0.5, and then hot liquid separation, aqueous phase was discarded. With 2 × 250ml The organic phase was washed with water, the phases were separated at 70 ± 5 ℃, then clean the toluene organic phase through celite, cooled to room temperature, allowed to set freezer cooling crystallization, filtration, filter cake washed with 2 × 50ml of cold washed with toluene, and dried in vacuo at 60 ℃ to constant weight to give 1- methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetamido acid guaiacol ester crude 135.5 g, yield 90%. The crude product was recrystallized from acetone to give 1-methyl-5-acyl-2-acetyl-p-toluene amino acid ester of guaiacol boutique 127.9 g, yield 94.4%, mp128.7 ~ 131.9 ℃. Elemental analysis: C, 68.53%; H, 5.76%; N, 6.65%. IR spectrum (KBr tablet method): 3318,3142,2963,1778,1652,1626,1605,1500,1480,1456,13731255 and 1153cm-1.

Example 2: Procedure: equipped with a water separator, 2000ml four-neck reaction flask with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, 加入托 US buna 100.0g (0.358mol) and 500ml of toluene, turned stirred and heated under reflux with toluene with water , drying the solution, when the internal temperature reaches 95-100 ℃, the solution was cooled to 55-60 ℃, dissolved in 30ml of water was added portionwise 11.5g of potassium bicarbonate was added, and refluxed to remove water, until the internal temperature reaches 105 ± 2 ℃. The mixture was cooled to ice-water bath 5 ± 2 ℃, to which was added 24ml of isobutyl alcohol and 0.3ml N- methylmorpholine. The temperature was maintained at 10 ± 3 ℃, with a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel dropwise isopropyl 46.5ml (0.41mol), 10-15min addition was complete, the mixture was allowed at 10 ± 3 ℃ reaction 2hr derived anhydride solution, it would have been prepared dropwise to glycine guaiacol ester solution, 5-10min the addition was complete. Glycine guaiacol ester solution was prepared by adding 295ml of water in a 2000ml flask, 27g of potassium hydroxide (82%) and 0.3g of sodium metabisulfite, stirring to dissolve, the temperature was controlled at 10 ± 3 ℃, to which was added 82.7g (0.38mol) glycine guaiacol ester hydrochloride and prepared. Dropwise addition, the temperature was raised to room temperature, the reaction 2hr, diluted with 16% hydrochloric acid to adjust the mixture to pH 6.0 ± 0.5. The suspension was heated to 70 ± 5 ℃, and then 16% diluted hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3.5 to 4.5, while hot liquid separation, discarding the aqueous phase, the organic phase was added to 250ml of water, maintaining the temperature at 70 ± 5 ℃ with dilute (2N) sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the solution to pH 8.0 ± 0.5, and then hot liquid separation, aqueous phase was discarded. With 2 × 250ml The organic phase was washed with water, the phases were separated at 70 ± 5 ℃, then clean the toluene organic phase through celite, cooled to room temperature, allowed to set freezer cooling crystallization, filtration, filter cake washed with 2 × 50ml of cold washed with toluene, and dried in vacuo at 60 ℃ to constant weight to give 1- methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetamido acid guaiacol ester crude 138.5 g, yield 92%. The crude product was recrystallized from acetone to give 1-methyl-2-acyl-5-toluene acetaminophen acid ester guaiacol boutique 128.8 grams.

Example 3: equipped trap, 2000ml four-neck reaction flask with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, 加入托 US buna 100.0g (0.358mol) and 500ml of toluene, turned stirred and heated under reflux with toluene with water, dried solution, when the internal temperature reaches 95-100 ℃, the solution was cooled to 55-60 ℃, dissolved in 30ml of water was added portionwise 10-12.5g potassium bicarbonate solution, refluxing was continued for removal of water, until the internal temperature reaches 105 ± 2 ℃. The mixture was cooled to ice-water bath 5 ± 2 ℃, added thereto 20-30ml of isobutyl alcohol 0.2-0.5mlN- methylmorpholine. The temperature was maintained at 10 ± 3 ℃, with a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel was added dropwise isobutylchloroformate 40.5-48.5ml, 10-15min addition was complete, so the mixture was 10 ± 3 ℃ 2hr reaction solution to obtain an acid anhydride, it has been prepared dropwise glycine guaiacol ester solution, 5-10min the addition was complete. Glycine guaiacol ester solution was prepared by adding 295ml of water in a 2000ml flask, 25-30g of potassium hydroxide (82%) or 15-17 grams of sodium hydroxide and sodium metabisulfite 0.2-0.5g or insurance powder, stirring to dissolve the temperature is controlled at 10 ± 3 ℃, to which is added 80-84g glycine guaiacol ester hydrochloride and prepared. Dropwise addition, the temperature was raised to room temperature, the reaction 2hr, the mixture was adjusted with dilute hydrochloric acid to pH 6.0 ± 0.5. The suspension was heated to 70 ± 5 ℃, with dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 3.5 to 4.5, while hot liquid separation, discarding the aqueous phase, the organic phase was added to 250-280ml of water, maintaining the temperature at 70 ± 5 ℃ , adjusted with dilute sodium hydroxide solution and the solution to pH 8.0 ± 0.5, and then hot liquid separation, aqueous phase was discarded. With 2 × 250ml The organic phase was washed with water, the phases were separated at 70 ± 5 ℃, then clean the toluene organic phase through celite, cooled to room temperature, allowed to set freezer cooling crystallization, filtration, filter cake washed with 2 × 50ml of cold washed with toluene, and dried in vacuo at 60 ℃ to constant weight to give 1- methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetamido acid guaiacol ester crude 130-139 grams. The crude product was recrystallized from acetone to give 1-methyl-5-acyl-2-acetyl-p-toluene amino acid ester boutique guaiacol 120-129 grams.

PATENT

Indian Pat. Appl. (2010), IN 2008MU01617

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides safe, environment friendly, economically viable and commercially feasible processes for the production of Amtolmetin guacil. There are two methods for the preparation of Amtolmetin guacil. The processes for the production of Amtolmetin guacil (I) comprise:
Method-1:
Step-A:- Treating 2-methoxy phenol of Formula VI with 2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino) acetic acid of Formula VII in the presence of an organic base and a condensing agent in chlorinated solvent to yield 2-methoxyphenyl-2- (benzyloxycarbonylamino) acetate of Formula V.
Step-B:- Acid addition salt of 2-methoxyphenyl -2-aminoacetate of Formula II may be prepared by treating 2-methoxyphenyl-2- (benzyloxycarbonylamino) acetate of Formula V with an acid and followed by crystallization in aprotic solvent.
7

Step-C):- l-methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetic acid of Formula III is reacted with a condensing agent to form-activated moiety, which is reacted with acid addition salt of 2-methoxyphenyl -2-aminoacetate of Formula II in chlorinated solvent to produce Arntolmetin guacil of formula (I).
In a preferred embodiment of present invention, condensing agent used in step-A is selected from group consisting of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N’-carbonyl diimidazole, hydroxy benzotriazole. The most preferred condensing agent is Dicyclohexyl carbodiimide for the reaction.
The solvent used in present invention is selected from the group consisting of but not limited to toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, water miscible ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, the most preferred solvent for the reaction methylene dichloride.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction is performed in the presence of an organic base. The organic base is selected from the group consisting of trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-methyl morpholine, N-methylpyrrolidinone, 4-dimethyl Aminopyridine; the most preferred base is 4-dimethyl Aminopyridine.
In a preferred embodiment of present invention, the non-polar solvent used in step-B is selected from group consisting of ethers, hexanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters.
In another preferred embodiment of present invention, the most suitable solvents are esters.
In another preferred embodiment of present invention, condensing agent used in step-C is selected from group consisting of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N’-carbonyl diimidazole, hydroxy benzotriazole. The most preferred condensing agent is N, N’-carbonyl diimidazole for the conversion of the reaction.
8

The solvent used in present invention is selected from the group consisting of but not limited to toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, water miscible ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, the most preferred solvent for the reaction methylene dichloride.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of -20°C to 50°C. Most preferred temperature range for the reaction is (-) 10°C to 0°C.
Method-2:
Treating 2-(2-(I-methyl-5- (4-methylbenzoyl)-lH-pyrrol-2-yl) acetamido) acetic acid with 2-methoxy phenol in presence of condensing reagent and an organic base to obtain Amtolmetin guacil.
In a preferred embodiment of present invention, the condensing agent used is selected from group consisting of dicyclohexyicarbodiimide, hydroxy benzotriazole or a mixture thereof. The most preferred condensing agent is Dicvclohexyl carbodiimide for the aforementioned reaction.
The solvent used in present invention is selected from the group consisting of but not limited to toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, water miscible ethers such as tetrahydrofuran. 1,4-dioxane, the most preferred solvent for the reaction is methylene dichloride.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction is performed in the presence of an organic base. The organic base is selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, triethylamine, N-methyl morpholine, N-methylpyrrolidinone, 4-dimethyl Aminopyridine; the most preferred base is 4-dimethyl Aminopyridine.
9

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of -20°C to 50°C. Most preferred temperature range for the reaction is (-) 10°C to 0°C.
In another embodiment of present invention, crude amtolmetin guacil is directly purified using polar and non-polar solvent or a mixture thereof. The most preferred solvents are Isopropanol and toluene.
The following non-limiting examples illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention. They are, however, not intended to be limiting the scope of present invention in anyway.
Preparation of Amtolmetin guacil: Example-1;
Charged MDC (600 ml) and N-benzyloxycarbonyl glycine (100 gm) in a 2L-4NRBF under N2 atmosphere. Reaction mass was cooled down to -5°C. Added N, N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide solution (108.5 gm in 300 ml MDC) at-5°C to 0°C. Maintained temperature of reaction for 10 minutes at -5°C to 0°C. Added guaiacol solution (59.36 gm in 180 ml MDC) at -5°C to 0°C followed by addition of N, N-dimethyl aminopyridine (1 gm) at -5°C to 0°C. Monitored the reaction over TLC till the completion of reaction, while maintaining reaction at 0°C. Filtered the undissolved Dicyclohexyl urea and washed the solids with methylene dichloride (125 ml X 2). Collected filtrate and washing. Washed methylene dichloride with water (1000 ml X 2), lN-NaOH (500 ml X 2) and 1% HC1 solution (500 ml X 2), water (500 ml X 2) respectively. Organic methylene dichloride layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. Filtered sodium sulphate and collected methylene dichloride filtrate. Distilled out methylene dichloride under vacuum below 40°C to get oil. HPLC purity :> 90%
10

Added 33% HBr in acetic acid solution (262,5 gm) into reaction vessel at 25-30°C. Monitored the reaction over TLC till the completion of reaction, while maintaining the reaction at 25-30°C. Added ethyl acetate (1200 ml) slowly at 25-30°C after completion of reaction. Stirred the resultant slurry for 2.5 hours at 25-30°C for complete crystallization. Filtered the solids and washed it with ethyl acetate (200 ml). Dried solids at 50-55°C. Dry weight: 102 gm. HPLC Purity: >98%
Example-2:
Charged MDC (1400 ml) and N, N’-carbonyl di imidazole (69.34 gm) into a 3L-4NRBF under N2 atmosphere. Cooled it down to -15°C. Charged Tolmetin acid (100 gm) slowly into reaction vessel at -10° ± 5°C. Monitored the progress of reaction of over HPLC. After completion of reaction, charged slowly 2-methoxyphenyl-2- (benzyloxy carbonylamino) acetate hydrobromide salt (112.05 gm) at -10° ± 5°C.Monitored the reaction over HPLC. After completion of reaction, washed the organic layer with water (300 ml), 1% NaOH solution (100 ml) and water (300 ml X 2) respectively at 3-8°C. Treated organic layer with activated carbon (2.5 gm) and filtered over hyflow bed. Washed hyflow bed with methylene dichlonde (100 ml X 2). Distilled out methylene dichloride below 40°C under vacuum and stripped off traces with toluene (100 ml X 2) at 50-55°C. Charged toluene (600 ml) and Isopropanol (50ml). Heated the mass to 63-68°C. Stirred the clear solution at 63-68°C for 1 hour. Cooled it down slowly to 30°C followed by further cooling to 5°C. Stirred the resultant slurry for 3 hours at 0-5°C. Filtered solids and washed with toluene (100 ml X 2). Dried solids at 55-60°C under vacuum. Dry Weight: 130 gm. HPLC Purity: >99%
Example-3:
Charged MDC (333 liter) and 2-(2-(l-methyl-5- (4-methylbenzoyl)-lH-pyrrol-2-yl) acetamido) acetic acid (55.5 Kg) in reactor under N2 atmosphere at 25-30°C. Cool down reaction mass to -15 to -12°C. Added a freshly prepared solution of N, N’-dicyclohexyl
11

carbodiimide (47.39 Kg in 166.5 liter) slowly at -10° ± 5°C within 1 hour. Rinsed the addition funnel with MDC (55.5 liter) and added it to the reaction at -10° ± 5°C. Added guaiacol solution (24.14 Kg in 99.9 liter MDC) to the reaction mass at -10° ± 5°C within 1 hour. Rinsed the addition funnel with MDC (11.1 liter) and added to the reaction -10° ± 5°C. Charged N, N’-dimethyl aminopyridine (0.555 Kg) at -15°C. Maintained temperature of reaction mass at -10° ± 5°C for 3 hours. Monitored the reaction over TLC, After the completion of reaction, filtered the dicyclohexyl urea and washed the solids with MDC (55.5L X 2). Collected MDC filtrate and wash it with water (166.5 L X 2). Collected MDC layer and treated it with activated carbon (2.77 Kg) and filtered through sparkler. Washed the sparkler with MDC (111 L). Distilled out MDC below 40°C under vacuum and stripped off traces with toluene (55.5 L X 2) at 50-55°C. Charge toluene (333L) and Isopropanol (27.75 L). Heated reaction mass to 63-68°C to get a clear solution. Stirred the clear solution at 63-68°C for 1 hour. Cooled it down slowly to 30°C followed by further cooling to 20oC. Stirred the resultant slurry for 2 hours at 17-20°C. Filtered the solids and washed with toluene (55.5 L X 3). Dried the solids at 55-60°C under vacuum. Dry Weight: 48 Kg. HPLC Purity:>99%

PAPER

Synthesis and Process Optimization of Amtolmetin: An Antiinflammatory Agent^†

Center of Excellence, Integrated Product Development, Innovation Plaza, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bachupalli, Qutubullapur, R. R. Dist. 500 072 Andhra Pradesh, India, and Center for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 072, India

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2010, 14 (2), pp 362–368

DOI: 10.1021/op900284w,

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/op900284w

†DRL-IPD Communication number: IPDO IPM – 00202
, * Corresponding author. Telephone: +91 40 44346430. Fax: +91 40 44346164. E-mail:rakeshwarb@drreddys.com.,

‡Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
, §Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University.

Abstract

Efforts toward the synthesis and process optimization of amtolmetin guacil 1 are described. High-yielding electrophilic substitution followed by Wolf−Kishner reduction are the key features in the novel synthesis of tolmetin 2 which is an advanced intermediate of 1.

Amtolmetin guacil
Clinical data

ATC code	none
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
Synonyms	ST-679
CAS Number	87344-06-7
PubChem (CID)	65655
ChemSpider	59091
UNII	323A00CRO9
KEGG	D07453
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1766570
ECHA InfoCard	100.207.038
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₄H₂₄N₂O₅
Molar mass	420.458 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [hide] O=C(c1ccc(n1C)CC(=O)NCC(=O)Oc2ccccc2OC)c3ccc(cc3)C

Amtolmetin Guacil

CAS Registry Number: 87344-06-7

CAS Name: N-[[1-Methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]acetyl]glycine 2-methoxyphenyl ester

Additional Names: N-[(1-methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrol-2-yl)acetyl]glycine o-methoxyphenyl ester; 1-methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetamidoacetic acid guaicil ester

Manufacturers’ Codes: ST-679; MED-15

Trademarks: Eufans (Sigma-Tau)

Molecular Formula: C24H24N2O5

Molecular Weight: 420.46

Percent Composition: C 68.56%, H 5.75%, N 6.66%, O 19.03%

Literature References: Ester prodrug of tolmetin, q.v. Prepn: A. Baglioni, BE 896018; idem, US 4578481 (1983, 1986 both to Sigma-Tau). Pharmacology: E. Arrigoni-Martelli, Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 16, 63 (1990); A. Caruso et al., ibid. 18, 481 (1992). HPLC determn in plasma: A. Mancinelli et al., J. Chromatogr. 553, 81 (1991). Series of articles on pharmacokinetics and clinical trials:Clin. Ter. 142 (1 pt 2) 3-59 (1993).

Properties: Crystals from cyclohexane-benzene, mp 117-120°. Sol in common organic solvents. LD50 in male mice, rats (mg/kg): 1370, 1100 i.p.; >1500, 1450 orally (Baglioni).

Melting point: mp 117-120°

Toxicity data: LD50 in male mice, rats (mg/kg): 1370, 1100 i.p.; >1500, 1450 orally (Baglioni)

Therap-Cat: Analgesic; anti-inflammatory.

Keywords: Analgesic (Non-Narcotic); Anti-inflammatory (Nonsteroidal); Arylacetic Acid Derivatives.

MP 116-119 °C…….. “Drugs – Synonyms and Properties” data were obtained from Ashgate Publishing Co.

“ALL FOR DRUGS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This article is a compilation for educational purposes only.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

/////////Amtolmetin guacil, ST-679, MED-15, Eufans, 87344-06-7, Amtoril®, Artricol®, Artromed®, амтолметин гуацил , أمتولمتين غواسيل , 呱氨托美丁

n1(c(ccc1CC(NCC(=O)Oc1c(cccc1)OC)=O)C(=O)c1ccc(cc1)C)C

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///////////Telcagepant, MK-0974

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2-Methoxyphenyl 1-methyl-5-p-methylbenzoylpyrrole-2-acetoamidoacetate

Glycine, N-((5-benzoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acetyl)-, 2-methoxyphenyl ester

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Synthesis and Process Optimization of Amtolmetin: An Antiinflammatory Agent†

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Regioselective Epoxide Ring Opening for the Stereospecific Scale-Up Synthesis of BMS-960, A Potent and Selective Isoxazole-Containing S1P₁Receptor Agonist

Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) of a Series of Ethanolamine-Based Direct-Acting Agonists of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P₁)

Synthesis and Process Optimization of Amtolmetin: An Antiinflammatory Agent^†