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Fosrugocrixan
Fosrugocrixan
CAS 2408145-38-8
MF C19H26N5O4PS2, MW483.5 g/mol
[(2R)-2-[[2-amino-5-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]sulfanyl-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]-4-methylpentyl] dihydrogen phosphate
- (2R)-2-[(2-amino-5-{[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]sulfanyl}[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino]-4-methylpentyl dihydrogen phosphate
- 1-Pentanol, 2-[[2-amino-5-[[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]thio]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]-4-methyl-, 1-(dihydrogen phosphate), (2R)-
(2R)-2-[(2-amino-5-{[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]sulfanyl}[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino]-4-methylpentyl dihydrogen phosphate
CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) antagonist, antiinflammatory, 4ZXD25SC4S, KAND-145, KAND 145
- OriginatorKancera
- DeveloperNovakand Pharma
- ClassAnti-inflammatories; Antineoplastics; Small molecules
- Mechanism of ActionChemokine CXCL13 inhibitors
- Phase IOvarian cancer
- PreclinicalChronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- No development reportedInflammation
- 22 Sep 2025Kancera is now called Novakand Pharma
- 28 Apr 2025No recent reports of development identified for preclinical development in Ovarian-cancer in Sweden (IV)
- 03 May 2024Efficacy and adverse event data from a phase I trials in healthy volunteers released by Kancera
Fosrugocrixan (also known by its developmental code KAND145) is a novel, small-molecule drug candidate acting as a selective antagonist for CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), commonly known as the fractalkine receptor.
Key Characteristics and Mechanism
- Drug Class: It represents a first-in-class small molecule immune modulator.
- Phosphate Prodrug: Fosrugocrixan is designed as a soluble phosphate prodrug. Once inside the body (in vivo), it converts into its active drug form, rugocrixan (formerly KAND567).
- Mechanism of Action: By blocking the CX3CR1 fractalkine pathway, it controls and prevents the trafficking of disease-promoting immune cells. This blockage provides potent anti-inflammatory activity.
Clinical Development and Targets
The drug is being actively developed by Novakand Pharma (a company formerly known as Kancera). Its primary therapeutic targets span several conditions driven by runaway inflammation and immune responses:
- Cardiovascular Diseases: Specifically targeted to manage conditions where hyper-inflammation damages tissue (such as post-myocardial infarction or heart conditions).
- Autoimmune & Inflammatory Diseases: Evaluated for broad anti-inflammatory potential.
- Oncology: Investigated for its ability to regulate the tumor microenvironment.
SYN
WO 2020008064
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020008064&_cid=P21-MPQB4Y-95682-1
SYN
Karlström et al. J. Med. Chem., 2013, 56, 3177-3190
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm3012273
PAT
(2R)-2-[(2-Amino-5-{[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]sulfanyl}[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino]-4-methylpentyl dihydrogen phosphate (B), are known to act as antagonists of the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) (Karlström et al. J. Med. Chem., 2013, 56, 3177-3190; WO 2020/008064)
PAT
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US336567291&_cid=P21-MPQAYT-90868-1
Example 1
Preparation of (2R)-2-[(2-Amino-5-{[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]sulfanyl}[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino]-4-methylpentyl dihydrogen phosphate
Phosphorus oxychloride (337 mg, 2.2 mmol) was dissolved in THE (0.75 mL) and water (25 mg, 1.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was cooled in an ice-bath and pyridine (111 mg, 113 μL, 1.4 mmol) was added followed by (2R)-2-[(2-amino-5-{[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]sulfanyl}-[1,3] thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino]-4-methylpentan-1-ol hydrochloride (110 mg, 0.25 mmol) (Karlstr6m S., et al., J. Med. Chem., 2013, 56, 3177-3190; WO 2006/107258). The reaction mixture was stirred at ice-bath temperature for 1 h. To a mixture of phosphorus oxychloride (337 mg, 2.2 mmol) and water (25 mg, 1.4 mmol) in THE was added, at ice-bath temperature pyridine (111 mg, 113 μL, 1.4 mmol). Half of this mixture was added to the reaction mixture described above. The reaction mixture was stirred at ice-bath temperature for another 1 h. Water (3 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min at ice-bath temperature and 20 min at room temperature. DCM (3 mL) was added and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with another portion of DCM (3 mL) and the organic phases were combined. At this point the product started to precipitate as a pale-yellow gum in the organic phase. MeOH was added and the now homogeneous solution was transferred to a round-bottomed flask and was evaporated to yield 120 mg of crude product, which according to HPLC was ca. 93% pure. The crude material was dissolved in a MeOH/water mixture and the pH was adjusted to about 6-7 with 1 M NaOH. The material was purified by preparative HPLC (basic method). The pure fractions were pooled, evaporated, and dried in vacuum. The product was assumed to be the diammonium salt after purification. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CD 3OD) δ H ppm 7.43-7.47 (m, 2H) 7.30-7.35 (m, 2H) 7.20-7.24 (m, 1H) 5.08 (q, J=7.03 Hz, 1H) 4.59-4.68 (m, 1H) 3.92 (ddd, J=10.12, 5.67, 4.30 Hz, 1H) 3.88 (dt, J=10.12, 4.94 Hz, 1H) 1.74 (d, J=7.03 Hz, 3H) 1.71-1.79 (m, 1H) 1.68 (ddd, J=13.87, 9.54, 5.67 Hz, 1H) 1.57 (ddd, J=13.87, 8.54, 5.33 Hz, 1H) 0.98 (d, J=6.71 Hz, 3H) 0.96 (d, J=6.56 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI +) m/z 484 [M+H] +.
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References
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines and their use in treating conditions associated with elevated levels of cx3cr1 and/or cx3cl1Publication Number: EP-3818065-B1Priority Date: 2018-07-06Grant Date: 2023-03-15
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine and their use in treating conditions associated with elevated levels of CX3CR1 and/or CX3CL1Publication Number: KR-102736870-B1Priority Date: 2018-07-06Grant Date: 2024-12-03
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines and their use in treating conditions associated with elevated levels of cx3cr1 and/or cx3cl1Publication Number: US-2021340167-A1Priority Date: 2018-07-06
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-D]pyrimidine and their use in the treatment of conditions associated with elevated levels of cx3cr1 and/or cx3cl1 – Patent Application 20070123333Publication Number: JP-7506653-B2Priority Date: 2018-07-06Grant Date: 2024-06-26
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines and their use in treating conditions associated with elevated levels of CX3CR1 and/or CX3CL1Publication Number: US-11339183-B2Priority Date: 2018-07-06Grant Date: 2022-05-24
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo-[4,5-D]-pyrimidines and their uses in the treatment of conditions associated with high levels of CX3CR1 and/or CX3CL1Publication Number: IL-279818-B1Priority Date: 2018-07-06
- PHOSPHATE AND PHOSPHONATE DERIVATIVES OF 7-AMINO-5-THIO-THIAZOLO[4,5-D]PYRIMIDINE AND THEIR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CX3CR1 AND/OR CX3CL1Publication Number: HR-P20230532-T1Priority Date: 2018-07-06
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines and their use in treating conditions associated with elevated levels of CX3CR1 and/or CX3CL1Publication Number: US-12060380-B2Priority Date: 2018-07-06Grant Date: 2024-08-13
- 7-Amino-5-thio-thiazolo [4,5-D] Pyrimidine phosphate and phosphonate derivatives and their use in therapeutic conditions associated with elevated levels of CX3CR1 and / or CX3CL1Publication Number: JP-2021530474-APriority Date: 2018-07-06
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo-[4,5-D]-pyrimidines and their uses in the treatment of conditions associated with high levels of CX3CR1 and/or CX3CL1Publication Number: IL-279818-B2Priority Date: 2018-07-06
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines and their use in treating conditions associated with elevated levels of cx3cr1 and/or cx3cl1Publication Number: US-2021292349-A1Priority Date: 2018-07-06
- Phosphate and phosphonate derivatives of 7-amino-5-thio-thiazolo [4,5-D ] pyrimidine modulators of CX3CR1 receptor and medical uses thereofPublication Number: CN-112867725-BPriority Date: 2018-07-06Grant Date: 2024-09-27
- New usePublication Number: US-2025195548-A1Priority Date: 2023-12-19
- Fractalkine receptor antagonists for use in the prevention of thrombus formation and/or growthPublication Number: EP-4593833-A1Priority Date: 2023-12-19
- Fractalkine receptor antagonists for use in the prevention of thrombus formation and/or growthPublication Number: WO-2025133022-A1Priority Date: 2023-12-19
- New usePublication Number: US-2025195549-A1Priority Date: 2023-12-19
- New treatments of viral infectionsPublication Number: WO-2021224494-A1Priority Date: 2020-05-08
////////fosrugocrixan, anax labs, CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) antagonist, antiinflammatory, 4ZXD25SC4S, KAND-145, KAND 145
Fosizensertib
Fosizensertib
CAS 2905377-00-4
MF C22H21F2N4O5P MW490.4 g/mol
[(2S)-1-[[5-[2-[1-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-yl]ethynyl]pyridine-3-carbonyl]-methylamino]-3-phenylpropan-2-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
(2S)-1-(5-{[1-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]ethynyl}-Nmethylpyridine-3-carboxamido)-3-phenylpropan-2-yl dihydrogen
phosphate
receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein (RIP-1) kinase inhibitor, ABBV-668, ABBV 668, 6GA6XSX5SL
Fosizensertib (also known by the developmental code ABBV-668) is an investigational small molecule drug being evaluated for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and other chronic autoimmune or inflammatory conditions.
Mechanism of Action
- Target: It acts as a selective inhibitor of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), an enzyme that plays a critical role in regulating cellular inflammation and necroptosis (programmed cell death).
- Prodrug Design: Fosizensertib functions as a phosphate prodrug. When administered, it is essentially inactive in vitro (inhibiting RIPK1 by less than 10%).
- Bioactivation: Once inside the body, it undergoes in vivo dephosphorylation to convert into its active metabolite (Compound 2), which strongly inhibits RIPK1 activity to suppress inflammatory pathways.
According to resources like the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology and PubChem, its core chemical metrics include:
Fosizensertib was assigned its International Nonproprietary Name (INN) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Developed by the pharmaceutical company AbbVie, it is classified as a clinical candidate intended for oral administration. It is currently restricted strictly to laboratory research and clinical evaluation settings and is not approved for general prescription or veterinary use.
PAT
(S)-1-(5-((1-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethynyl)-N-methylnicotinamido)-3-phenylpropan-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate;
Examples #18 and 19: (S)–di–tert–butyl (1–(5–((1–(difluoromethyl)–1H–pyrazol–4– yl)ethynyl)–N–methylnicotinamido)–3–phenylpropan–2–yl) phosphate (Example #18) and (S)–1–(5–((1–(difluoromethyl)–1H–pyrazol–4–yl)ethynyl)–N–methylnicotinamido)–3– phenylpropan–2–yl dihydrogen phosphate (Example #19)
[0173] To a solution of (S)-5-((1-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethynyl)-N-(2-hydroxy- 3-phenylpropyl)-N-methylnicotinamide (Example #2) (500 mg, 1.22 mmol) in N-Methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (1000 mL) was added di-tert-butyl diethylphosphoramidite (304 mg, 1.22 mmol) and 1H-tetrazole (10.8 mL, 4.87 mmol) in one portion at 20 °C under N2. The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 3 hours. Hydrogen peroxide (5.0 mL, 49 mmol) was added to the solution at 0 °C, and the mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hours. The mixture was poured into saturated Na2SO3 (75 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (3 × 100 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude t-butyl phosphate ester, which was chromatographed on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=1:1-1:4) to provide (S)-di-tert-butyl (1-(5-((1-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)ethynyl)-N-methylnicotinamido)-3-phenylpropan-2-yl) phosphate (Example #18) (384 mg, 0.64 mmol, 52% yield). LC/MS (Table B, Method aa) Rt = 1,73 min; MS m/z: 545.20 (M-tBu)+; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.76 – 8.40 (m, 3H), 8.15 – 7.60 (m, 3H), 7.27-7.01 (m, 5H), 4.78-4.46 (br m, 1H), 3.75-2.72 (m, 7H), 1.50-1.18 (m, 18H). tBu = tert–butyl; Et = ethyl.
[0174] A flask was charged with (S)-di-tert-butyl (1-(5-((1-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)ethynyl)-N-methylnicotinamido)-3-phenylpropan-2-yl) phosphate (Example #18) (381 mg, .632 mmol), dichloromethane (DCM) (5 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (0.61 mL, 7.9 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for approximately 19 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, then purified via reverse phase liquid chromatography (Atlantis® Prep T3 Phenomenex 5 μm 19 x 50 mm column, 5 to 95 acetonitrile (MeCN):water (formic acid buffer) at 1 mL/minute) to provide the title compound, Example #19 (230 mg, 0.47 mmol, 74% yield). LC/MS (Table B, Method ff) Rt = 1.96 min; MS m/z: 491.0 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d6) δ 8.78 – 8.69 (m, 1H), 8.65 – 8.57 (m, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.14 – 8.08 (m, 1H), 8.03 – 7.99 (m, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.88 – 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.73 – 7.69 (m, 1H), 7.35 – 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.27 – 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.19 – 7.12 (m, 1H), 7.03 (br d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.80 – 4.73 (m, 1H), 4.52 – 4.45 (m, 1H), 3.84 – 3.76 (m, 1H), 3.66 (br d, J = 13.5 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (br dd, J = 9.5, 13.5 Hz, 1H), 3.27 – 3.11 (m, 1H), 3.08 – 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 1H), 2.95 (br s, 1H), 2.92 (s, 2H), 2.90 – 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.79 – 2.69 (m, 1H), 2.07 (s, 1H), 1.78 (s, 1H), 1.74 (s, 1H).
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Can’t Find? Let’s Connect
Phone : +91 897704 2010 / +91 9177075735, Email : info@anaxlab.com
#MedicinalChemistry, #DrugDiscovery, #OrganicSynthesis, #ChemicalLibrary, #BuildingBlocks, #SARStudies, #ChemistryInnovation, #medchem, #Drugdevelopment, #Biotech, #Biotechnology, #AnaxLaboratories, #Pharma
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References
- Nicotinamide ripk1 inhibitorsPublication Number: WO-2023018643-A1Priority Date: 2021-08-10
- Nicotinamide ripk1 inhibitorsPublication Number: EP-4301744-A1Priority Date: 2021-08-10
- Nicotinamide RIPK1 inhibitorsPublication Number: US-11767310-B2Priority Date: 2021-08-10Grant Date: 2023-09-26
- Nicotinamide ripk1 inhibitorsPublication Number: US-2023127127-A1Priority Date: 2021-08-10
/////////fosizensertib, anax labs, ABBV-668, ABBV 668, 6GA6XSX5SL
Bulevirtide-gmod
Bulevirtide-gmod
CAS 2012558-47-1.
MF C248H355N65O72 MW 5399 g/mol
FDA 2026, APPROVALS 2026, 5/22/2026, Hepcludex, WKM56H3TLB
To treat chronic hepatitis delta virus infection in adults without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis
N-myristoyl-glycyl-L-threonyl-L-asparagyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-asparagyl-L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-histidyl-L-glutaminyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-prolyl-L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-glycyl-L-alanyl-L-asparagyl-L-seryl-L-asparagyl-L-asparagyl-L-prolyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-asparagyl-L-prolyl-L-asparagyl-L-lysyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-histidyl-L-tryptophyl-L-prolyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L-asparagyl-L-lysyl-L-valyl-glycinamide
(4S)-4-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[[2-(tetradecanoylamino)acetyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
Bulevirtide-gmod, sold under the brand name Hepcludex, is the first and only FDA-approved medication for treating chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in adults. Developed by Gilead Sciences, it received accelerated approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 22, 2026, filling a critical gap for patients with this severe viral liver disease.
Indication and Clinical Use
- Target Patient Profile: Approved for adults with chronic HDV who have compensated cirrhosis or no cirrhosis.
- The Clinical Need: HDV only occurs as a co-infection in individuals who already have Hepatitis B (HBV). It is considered the most aggressive form of viral hepatitis, often accelerating liver scarring (fibrosis), liver failure, and liver cancer.
- Basis of Approval: The FDA granted accelerated approval based on Phase 3 MYR301 study data, which demonstrated a significant reduction in viral HDV RNA and the normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) liver enzymes.
Mechanism of Action
Bulevirtide-gmod is a first-in-class entry inhibitor. It works by binding to and blocking the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor on liver cells. Because HDV and HBV rely on this specific receptor to enter hepatocytes, the drug successfully disrupts the viral life cycle and prevents the virus from spreading to healthy liver cells.
Dosage and Administration
- Form: Supplied as a lyophilized powder for injection.
- Dose: The recommended dose is 8.5 mg once daily.
- Administration: Delivered via subcutaneous injection (under the skin).
Safety and Side Effects
- Boxed Warning: The drug carries a prominent warning regarding the risk of severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis D and B if treatment is discontinued. Stopping the medication can cause severe, life-threatening viral flares, requiring close medical monitoring for at least 6 months post-treatment.
- Common Side Effects: The most frequent adverse reactions of patients) include:
- Injection site reactions
- Headache
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
- Pruritus (itching)
Bulevirtide, sold under the brand name Hepcludex, is an antiviral medication used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis D (in the presence of hepatitis B).[8]
The most common side effects include raised levels of bile salts in the blood and reactions at the site of injection.[8]
Bulevirtide works by attaching to and blocking a receptor (target) through which the hepatitis delta and hepatitis B viruses enter liver cells.[8] By blocking the entry of the virus into the cells, it limits the ability of HDV to replicate and its effects in the body, reducing symptoms of the disease.[8]
Bulevirtide was approved for medical use in the European Union in July 2020,[8] and in Canada in August 2025.[5]
Medical uses
Bulevirtide is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in plasma (or serum) HDV-RNA positive adult patients with compensated liver disease.[8][10]
Pharmacology
Mechanism of action
Bulevirtide binds and inactivates the sodium/bile acid cotransporter, blocking both hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses from entering hepatocytes.[11]
The hepatitis B virus uses its surface lipopeptide pre-S1 for docking to mature liver cells via their sodium/bile acid cotransporter (NTCP) and subsequently entering the cells. Myrcludex B is a synthetic N-acylated pre-S1[12][13] that can also dock to NTCP, blocking the virus’s entry mechanism.[14]
Bulevirtide is also effective against hepatitis D because the hepatitis D virus uses the same entry receptor as the hepatitis B virus and is only effective in the presence of a hepatitis B virus infection.[14]
Pre-clinical data in mice suggests that pharmacological inhibition of NTCP-mediated bile salt uptake may also be effective to lower hepatic bile salt accumulation in cholestatic conditions. This reduces hepatocellular damage.[15] An increased ratio of phospholipid to bile salts seen in bile upon NTCP inhibition may further contribute to the protective effect as bile salts are less toxic in presence of phospholipids.[16]
Structural formula
Bulevirtide is a 47-amino acid peptide with the following sequence:[17]
CH3(CH2)12CO–Gly–Thr–Asn–Leu–Ser–Val–Pro-Asn-Pro-Leu-Gly-Phe-Phe-Pro-Asp–His–Gln-Leu-Asp-Pro-Ala-Phe-Gly-Ala-Asn-Ser-Asn-Asn-Pro-Asp-Trp-Asp-Phe-Asn-Pro-Asn-Lys-Asp-His-Trp-Pro-Glu-Ala-Asn-Lys-Val-Gly-NH2 (C13H27CO-GTNLSVPNPLGFFPDHQLDPAFGANSNNPDWDFNPNKDHWPEANKVG-NH2)
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2024073572&_cid=P11-MPNG4J-82875-1
PATENTS
- Therapy of atherosclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and nrlp3 inflammasome-associated disease by htcp inhibitorsPublication Number: EP-3392267-A1Priority Date: 2017-04-18
- Therapy of atherosclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and nrlp3 inflammasome-associated disease by htcp inhibitorsPublication Number: US-2018296634-A1Priority Date: 2017-04-18
- Therapy of atherosclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and nrlp3 inflammasome-associated disease by htcp inhibitorsPublication Number: US-2021196786-A1Priority Date: 2017-04-18
- Therapy of atherosclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and NRLP3 inflammasome-associated disease by HTCP inhibitorsPublication Number: US-10925925-B2Priority Date: 2017-04-18Grant Date: 2021-02-23
- Combination therapy of hbv and hdv infectionPublication Number: EP-3204030-B1Priority Date: 2014-10-07Grant Date: 2022-04-27
- Combination therapy of hbv and hdv infectionPublication Number: EP-4098273-A1Priority Date: 2014-10-07
- Combination therapy of hbv and hdv infectionPublication Number: US-2022040178-A1Priority Date: 2014-10-07
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References
References
- Deterding K, Wedemeyer H (2019). “Beyond Pegylated Interferon-Alpha: New Treatments for Hepatitis Delta”. AIDS Reviews. 21 (3): 126–134. doi:10.24875/AIDSRev.19000080. PMID 31532397. S2CID 202674681.
- “Hepcludex (bulevirtide acetate)”. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 12 August 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- “Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2024) Instrument 2024”. Federal Register of Legislation. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- “Hepcludex (Gilead Sciences Pty Ltd)”. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 13 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- “Hepcludex Product information”. Health Canada. 8 August 2025. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
- “Summary Basis of Decision for Hepcludex”. Drug and Health Products Portal. 29 September 2025. Retrieved 12 October 2025.
- “Hepcludex 2 mg powder for solution for injection – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)”. (emc). 30 March 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- “Hepcludex EPAR”. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 26 May 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
- “Hepcludex Product information”. Union Register of medicinal products. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- “Summary of opinion: Hepcludex” (PDF). European Medicines Agency (EMA). 28 May 2020.
- Francisco EM (29 May 2020). “Hepcludex”. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- Volz T, Allweiss L, Ben MBarek M, Warlich M, Lohse AW, Pollok JM, et al. (May 2013). “The entry inhibitor Myrcludex-B efficiently blocks intrahepatic virus spreading in humanized mice previously infected with hepatitis B virus”. Journal of Hepatology. 58 (5): 861–867. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.008. PMID 23246506.
- Abbas Z, Abbas M (August 2015). “Management of hepatitis delta: Need for novel therapeutic options”. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 21 (32): 9461–9465. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i32.9461. PMC 4548107. PMID 26327754.
- Spreitzer H (14 September 2015). “Neue Wirkstoffe – Myrcludex B”. Österreichische Apothekerzeitung (in German) (19/2015): 12.
- Na+ -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide inhibition has hepatoprotective effects in cholestasis in mice. Slijepcevic D, Roscam Abbing RLP, Fuchs CD, Haazen LCM, Beuers U, Trauner M, Oude Elferink RPJ, van de Graaf SFJ. Hepatology. 2018 Sep;68(3):1057-1069. doi: 10.1002/hep.29888
- Roscam Abbing RL, Slijepcevic D, Donkers JM, Havinga R, Duijst S, Paulusma CC, et al. (January 2020). “Blocking Sodium-Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide Stimulates Biliary Cholesterol and Phospholipid Secretion in Mice”. Hepatology. 71 (1): 247–258. doi:10.1002/hep.30792. PMC 7003915. PMID 31136002.
- Sauter M, Blank A, Stoll F, Lutz N, Haefeli WE, Burhenne J (September 2021). “Intact plasma quantification of the large therapeutic lipopeptide bulevirtide”. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 413 (22): 5645–5654. doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03384-7. PMC 8410713. PMID 34018034.
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /bjuːˈlɛvɪrtaɪd/ byoo-LEH-vir-tyde |
| Trade names | Hepcludex |
| Other names | MyrB, Myrcludex-B[1] |
| License data | US DailyMed: Bulevirtide |
| Pregnancy category | AU: B1[2] |
| Routes of administration | Subcutaneous |
| ATC code | J05AX28 (WHO) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | AU: S4 (Prescription only)[3][4][2]CA: ℞-only[5][6]UK: POM (Prescription only)[7]EU: Rx-only[8][9] |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 2012558-47-1 |
| DrugBank | DB15248 |
| ChemSpider | 129157549 |
| UNII | WKM56H3TLB |
| KEGG | D11877as salt: D11878 |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL4297711 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C248H355N65O72 |
| Molar mass | 5398.951 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | Interactive image |
| SMILES | |
| InChI | |
/////////Bulevirtide-gmod, ANAX LABS, FDA 2026, APPROVALS 2026, Hepcludex, WKM56H3TLB, ANTIVIRALS
Flormotridazum (18F)
Flormotridazum (18F)
CAS 2798832-03-6
MF C23H29Cl18FN5O4 MW492.961
2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-[(3-{[4-({2-[2-(18F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)methoxy]pyridazin-3(2H)-one
| 3(2H)-Pyridazinone, 4-chloro-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[[3-[[4-[[2-[2-(fluoro-18F)ethoxy]ethoxy]methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl]phenyl]methoxy]- |
2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-[(3-{[4-({2-[2-(18F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)methoxy]pyridazin-3(2H)-one
imaging agent, 7AR6ZH8YUU
Flormotridaz (18F) (also referred to by its International Nonproprietary Name, flormotridazum) is an advanced radiopharmaceutical compound utilized in nuclear medicine. It is specifically engineered as a radioactive diagnostic tracer containing the fluorine-18 positron-emitting isotope.
Core Characteristics & Chemical Profile
- Substance Classification: Radioactive Diagnostic Agent / Small Molecule.
- Mechanism Basis: It shares core structural similarities and structural lineage with pyridazinone-based mitochondrial complex 1 (MC-1) inhibitors, heavily linking its functionality to target-specific tissues with high metabolic or mitochondrial activity.
Mechanism and Clinical Application
Like related fluorine-18 labeled pyridazinone analogues, this agent is designed for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging workflows. [1]
- Administration: The agent is administered intravenously as a sterile unit dose before scanning.
- Cellular Targeting: It binds selectively to specific intracellular molecular targets (such as mitochondrial pathways) within highly active tissues.
- PET Imaging: As the Fluorine-18 radioisotope decays, it emits positrons. These positrons encounter electrons to produce gamma rays, which the PET scanner captures to map high-resolution, three-dimensional metabolic layouts of internal organ systems.
Contextual Comparison
In clinical nuclear medicine, molecular tracers tagged with Fluorine-18 offer significant clinical benefits over older Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) agents. Their 110-minute half-life allows them to be manufactured at centralized cyclotron facilities and distributed directly to regional medical centres as ready-to-use unit doses, eliminating the need for an on-site cyclotron
Flormotridaz (\(^{18}\text{F}\)):
- CN112807276B: “Preparation method and application of a pyridazinone myocardial perfusion PET radiopharmaceutical” (Covers the definitive radiosynthesis scheme).
- CN115947775A: “Method for preparing compound (I), compound (I), and uses thereof”.
- WO2024008073A1 / CN114832118B: “Compound I liquid composition, preparation method and use thereof” (Covers final formulation stabilization utilizing vitamin C and gentisic acid)
PAT
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2024008073A1/zh
Compound I, chemically named 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-((3-((4-((2-(2-fluoro[ 18F ]ethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzyl)oxy)pyridazine-3(2H)-one. Chemical structural formula:Molecular formula : C₂₃H₂₉Cl₁₈FN₅O₄
Molecular weight: 492.97The mechanism of action of compound I as a myocardial perfusion PET imaging agent: Once compound I enters cardiomyocytes, it can rapidly interact with respiratory chain complex I (MC-I) in mitochondria and remain in the myocardium for a long time. Preliminary animal studies showed that it has high cardiac uptake and low hepatic uptake 15 minutes after injection, and maintains a good heart-liver ratio 60 minutes after injection, showing good potential for myocardial perfusion imaging.In this application, Compound I liquid composition or Compound I is used as a myocardial perfusion PET imaging agent.Precursor of Compound I: Chemical name is methyl 2-(2-((1-(3-(((1-(tert-butyl)-5-chloro-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-4-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate, chemical structural formula is:Molecular formula : C30H36ClN5O7S
Molecular weight: 646.16Amino polyethers (K222 ) are tribridged crown ether molecules with cavitary structures, and are typical nitrogen-containing cavitary ethers, belonging to the category of cavitary ethers. Due to their unique coordination properties, nitrogen-containing cavitary ethers can effectively and selectively complex transition metal and heavy metal cations, forming more stable complexes. Furthermore, they possess both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties, thus showing promising research potential.In existing technologies, the classic synthetic method for amino polyether (K
222 ) is the highly diluted method proposed by Lehn et al., which is a typical non-template ion synthesis method. The specific steps involve dissolving the starting materials 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxane and 1,8-diacyl chloride-3,6-dioxane in a large amount of benzene solvent and heating the reaction for 8 hours. Then, a reduction reaction with lithium aluminum hydride is performed for 24 hours, followed by column chromatography separation and recrystallization to obtain amino polyether (K
222 ). This method requires a large amount of solvent, such as benzene, has a long synthetic route, is complex, has a low yield, and is not economically efficient. Besides the highly diluted method, another classic synthetic method for amino polyether (K222 ) is proposed by Kulstad and Malmsten, which uses Na 2CO 3
as a template to obtain a sodium iodide complex of amino polyether (K 222 ) in acetonitrile , and then decomplexes it using a resin to obtain amino polyether (K 222 ). The specific steps are as follows: 1,2-bis(2-iodoethoxy)ethane and benzylamine are refluxed in acetonitrile solution for 3 days. An intermediate is then obtained through post-processing. This intermediate is recrystallized from acetone and filtered to obtain a NaI complex. This complex is then decomplexed under acidic conditions using cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins to prepare amino polyether (K222 ) . This method uses simple equipment, requires little solvent, and has relatively mild reaction conditions. However, the applicant has found that the decomplexing method using ion exchange resins fails to proceed when the sodium ion content decreases to a certain level, resulting in a low yield.
PAT
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN114773179B/en
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References
//////////flormotridazum (18F), anax labs, imaging agent, 7AR6ZH8YUU
Florensocatib
Florensocatib
CAS 2762114-61-2
MF C23H23FN4O4 MW438.5 g/mol
(2S)-N-[(1S)-1-cyano-2-[2-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl)phenyl]ethyl]-1,4-oxazepane-2-carboxamide
(2S)-N-{(1S)-1-cyano-2-[2-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl)phenyl]ethyl}-1,4-oxazepane-2-
carboxamide
cathepsin inhibitor, HSK 31858, CHF 10196, DPP1-IN-1, RWC743JRK7
Florensocatib (originally designated as HSK31858 or CHF10196) is an investigative, highly potent, oral reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1). It is being actively researched for its ability to reduce the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations in adults suffering from inflammatory respiratory diseases like bronchiectasis
Mechanism of Action
DPP1 (also known as cathepsin C) is a lysosomal protease enzyme responsible for activating neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). In conditions like non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, hyperactive neutrophils accumulate in the airways, causing severe tissue damage, chronic inflammation, and airway widening.
By inhibiting DPP1, florensocatib prevents the activation of these damaging enzymes, effectively targeting the primary driver of neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs.
Clinical Development & Trial Progress
Florensocatib is undergoing global evaluation across multiple advanced clinical trials:
- The SAVE-BE Trial: An earlier clinical phase where the drug demonstrated high potency and favorable efficacy profiles in treating inflammatory lung conditions.
- The HOPE-BE Trial: A definitive Phase III protocol launched to evaluate the long-term safety and overall reduction of pulmonary exacerbation frequencies specifically among Chinese adults.
- Global Phase III Status: According to records on ClinicalTrials.gov, randomised, double-blind trials are evaluating the drug against a placebo in participants aged 12 to 85 for treatment windows stretching up to 78 weeks.
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US395653715&_cid=P21-MPKKTA-33002-1
Example 1: (S)—N—((S)-1-cyano-2-(2-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-1,4-oxazepane-2-carboxamide (Compound 1)
Step 4: (S)—N—((S)-1-cyano-2-(2-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-1,4-oxazepane-2-carboxamide (Compound 1)
| 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ 7.43-7.22 (m, 5H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 5.19 (dd, 1H), 4.18-4.04 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.41-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.03-2.87 (m, 3H), 1.88 (m, 2H). |
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US395653715&_cid=P21-MPKKYT-35548-1
PAT
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2022042591&_cid=P21-MPKKS9-32509-1
(S)-N-((S)-1-cyano-2-(2-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-1,4-oxazepane-2-carboxamide(compound 1)
Step 4: (S)-N-((S)-1-cyano-2-(2-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-1,4-oxazacycloheptane-2-carboxamide (Compound 1)
[0360]
(S)-N-((S)-1-cyano-2-(2-fluoro-4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-1,4-oxazepane-2-carboxamide(compound 1)
[0361]1D (0.32 g, 0.59 mmol) was dissolved in formic acid (2.5 mL), and the mixture was reacted at 50 °C for 10 min after the addition was complete. The solution was concentrated to dryness, and ethyl acetate (20 mL) was added. The pH was adjusted to approximately 8 by dropwise addition of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (25 mL × 3). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol (v/v) = 20:1) to give title compound 1 (0.15 g, 58.0%). LC-MS (ESI): m/z = 439.1 [M+H] + .
[0362]
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.43–7.22(m,5H),7.12(d,1H),5.19(dd,1H),4.18–4.04(m,1H),4.05–3.95(m,1H),3.78(m,1H),3.46(s,3H),3.41–3.17(m,3H),3.03–2.87(m,3H),1.88(m,2H).
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References
- Nitrile derivative that acts as inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 and use thereofPublication Number: US-2023121807-A1Priority Date: 2020-08-26
- Nitrile derivative that acts as inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 and use thereofPublication Number: WO-2022042591-A1Priority Date: 2020-08-26
- Nitrile derivative as dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitor and application thereofPublication Number: CN-115996923-APriority Date: 2020-08-26
- Nitrile derivative that acts as inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 and use thereofPublication Number: EP-4129989-A1Priority Date: 2020-08-26
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitor polymorph and preparation method and application thereofPublication Number: CN-118696040-APriority Date: 2022-02-22
- Salt and crystal form of dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor compoundPublication Number: EP-4484414-A1Priority Date: 2022-02-22
- Nitrile derivative that acts as inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 and use thereofPublication Number: US-11807635-B2Priority Date: 2020-08-26Grant Date: 2023-11-07
- A kind of nitrile derivative as dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitor and use thereofPublication Number: TW-202214616-APriority Date: 2020-08-26
- Nitrile derivatives acting as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 and uses thereofPublication Number: KR-20230084134-APriority Date: 2020-08-26
- Salt and crystal form of dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor compoundPublication Number: WO-2023160542-A1Priority Date: 2022-02-22
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitor polymorph, preparation method and use thereforPublication Number: WO-2023160579-A1Priority Date: 2022-02-22
- Salts and crystalline forms of dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor compoundsPublication Number: CN-118660873-APriority Date: 2022-02-22
- Preparation method of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compoundPublication Number: WO-2023160541-A1Priority Date: 2022-02-22
- Preparation method of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compoundPublication Number: CN-118742547-APriority Date: 2022-02-22
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitors and uses thereofPublication Number: WO-2025059526-A1Priority Date: 2023-09-15
- Pharmaceutical composition containing dipeptidyl peptidase small molecule inhibitorPublication Number: WO-2024193695-A1Priority Date: 2023-03-23
- Uses of certain 1,4-oxazepane-2-carboxamides as dpp1 inhibitorsPublication Number: WO-2024173556-A2Priority Date: 2023-02-15
- Novel dpp1 inhibitors and uses thereofPublication Number: WO-2024026433-A2Priority Date: 2022-07-28
- Novel dpp1 inhibitors and uses thereofPublication Number: EP-4561565-A2Priority Date: 2022-07-28
/////////florensocatib, anax labs, cathepsin inhibitor, HSK 31858, CHF 10196, DPP1-IN-1, RWC743JRK7
Florcicaper (18F)
Florcicaper (18F)
CAS 855927-17-2
MF C18H3318FO2, MW 299.4544
2-[(1S,2R)-2-(5-(18F)fluorotridecyl)cyclopropyl]acetic acid
| 2-((1S,2R)-2-(5-(FLUORO-18F)TRIDECYL)CYCLOPROPYL)ACETIC ACID |
| TRANS-9(RS)-18F-FLUORO-3,4(RS,RS)-METHYLENEHEPTADECANOIC ACID |
rac-{(1R,2S)-2-[(5RS)-5-(18F)fluorotridecyl]cyclopropyl}aceticacid
imaging agent, CARDIOPET, (18F FCPHA), FDG79C95XB
CardioPET is: An F-18 labeled, modified fatty acid that provides insight into regions with decreased blood flow or metabolic insufficiency in the myocardium.; CardioPET may be used to: Identify patients that will benefit from PCI or revascularization and guide intervention, Assess myocardial viability, Evaluate CAD in patients that cannot exercise.; Agent: Muscle State Imaging Agent, Type: Fatty Acid (Labeled with Fluorine 18), Condition: Coronary Artery Disease, Status: completed enrollment.;This imaging agent exploits the dietary needs of the heart as it relates to glucose and fatty acids. By introducing a radio-labeled analog to the natural fatty acids utilized as an energy source by the heart we can visualize the anatomic location and state of the muscle within the areas defined by the specific coronary artery blood flow distribution and detect problems in advance of symptoms that would lead to a stress test.
Cardiopet is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01826773 (Cardiopet as PET Imaging Agent to Assess Myocardial Perfusion and Fatty Acid Uptake in Known or Suspected CAD Subjects).
A Phase I Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Safety of CardioPET™ in Detection of Coronary Artery Disease
CTID: NCT00413647
Phase: Phase 1
Status: Completed
Date: 2013-06-12
PATENTS
CA-2876139-A1 CN-104684546-A CN-114736112-A CN-115141087-A CN-115141087-B CN-115141125-A CN-115141125-B CN-115181013-A CN-115181013-B CN-115850224-A CN-115850224-B CN-115959978-A CN-115959978-B CN-116041169-A CN-116199658-A CN-116217356-A EP-2858630-A1 EP-4133284-A1 US-10533059-B2 US-11701429-B2 US-2015361110-A1 US-2017014528-A1 US-2020199249-A1 US-2020297854-A1 US-20230314449-A1 US-20230381092-A1 US-9409927-B2 WO-2013185032-A1 WO-2022082327-A1 WO-2023085674-A1 WO-2023236978-A1 WO-2023237092-A1
PAT
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2013185032&_cid=P11-MPJ5UV-89230-1
PAT
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2022082327&_cid=P11-MPJ5WJ-90048-1
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WEBSITE https://www.anaxlab.com/
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Can’t Find? Let’s Connect
Phone : +91 897704 2010 / +91 9177075735, Email : info@anaxlab.com
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References
- Nanotherapeutics for drug targetingPublication Number: WO-2013185032-A1Priority Date: 2012-06-07
- Nanotherapeutics for drug targetingPublication Number: EP-2858630-A1Priority Date: 2012-06-07
- Super lewis acidic borate esters as 18F-labeled PET probesPublication Number: US-9409927-B2Priority Date: 2013-01-24Grant Date: 2016-08-09
- Super lewis acidic borate esters as 18f-labeled pet probesPublication Number: US-2015361110-A1Priority Date: 2013-01-24
- Nanotherapeutics for drug targetingPublication Number: CA-2876139-A1Priority Date: 2012-06-07
- Nanotherapeutics for drug targetingPublication Number: US-2020297854-A1Priority Date: 2012-06-07
- Nanotherapeutics for drug targetingPublication Number: CN-104684546-APriority Date: 2012-06-07
- Diagnosis of stage b2 dmvdPublication Number: US-2023314449-A1Priority Date: 2020-04-07
- Targeted drug delivery through affinity based linkersPublication Number: US-2017014528-A1Priority Date: 2014-03-12
- Targeted drug delivery through affinity based linkersPublication Number: US-2020199249-A1Priority Date: 2014-03-12
- Targeted drug delivery through affinity based linkersPublication Number: US-10533059-B2Priority Date: 2014-03-12Grant Date: 2020-01-14
- Targeted drug delivery through affinity based linkersPublication Number: US-11701429-B2Priority Date: 2014-03-12Grant Date: 2023-07-18
//////////florcicaper (18F), anax labs, imaging agent, CARDIOPET, (18F FCPHA), FDG79C95XB
Fexlamose
Fexlamose
CAS 1285607-08-0
MFC12H22O9S2 MW374.4 g/mol
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(sulfanylmethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(sulfanylmethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
- 6-Thio-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 6-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranoside
- alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, 6-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 6-thio-
- 6-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 6-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranoside; 6,6′-dithiotrehalose
6-thio-α-D-glucopyranosyl 6-thio-α-D-glucopyranoside; 6,6′-dithiotrehalose
mucolytic, AER-01, AER 01, VY9GAK6EVR, MUC-031, MUC031
Fexlamose (formerly known as AER-01) is an experimental inhaled small-molecule drug developed by Aer Therapeutics to treat muco-obstructive lung diseases like COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and asthma. It is a thiol-modified carbohydrate designed to break down mucus plugs in the airways
How it Works
- Mechanism: Fexlamose acts as a mucolytic by cleaving the disulfide bonds in mucus, thinning the thick secretions that block airways.
- The Problem It Targets: While many respiratory drugs manage inflammation or relax airway muscles, currently no approved treatments directly tackle mucus plugs, which are a major cause of breathing difficulties in COPD.
- Delivery: It is administered as an inhalation solution (or potentially a dry powder) directly into the lungs.
- Current Clinical Status
- Fexlamose is an investigational drug and is not yet approved for public use or commercial prescription.
- Clinical Trials: It is undergoing Phase 2a clinical studies (such as the AER-01-002 trial) to evaluate its safety, tolerability, and efficacy in adults with moderate to severe COPD.
- Study Design: These trials utilize specialized CT mucus plug scoring to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from the therapy.
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017197360&_cid=P10-MPHQBA-11926-1
Syn
US-20230172885-A1
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US399239351&_cid=P10-MPHQQF-20898-1
Syn
US-20230181607-A1
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US399582635&_cid=P10-MPHQRV-21687-1
ADVT
ANAX LABORATORIES
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References
//////////fexlamose, ANAX LABS, mucolytic, AER-01, AER 01, VY9GAK6EVR, MUC-031, MUC031
Famlasertib
Famlasertib
CAS 2375591-69-6
MFC26H27ClN4O MW 447.0 g/mol
4-[[4-[3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl]phenyl]methyl]-1-piperazineethanol
2-[4-({4-[3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl]phenyl}methyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethan-1-ol
serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Prosetin, WJP32276AY
Prosetin is an orally administered blocker of MAP4K under investigation for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Famlasertib (also known as Prosetin or Prostetin/12k) is a highly potent, small-molecule inhibitor targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase (MAP4K) family. It is an experimental drug primarily under investigation for its neuroprotective capabilities in treating neurodegenerative disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and as an anti-invasive agent in certain cancers
- Target Pathways: MAP4K4 (HGK), MLK1, and MLK3
- Key Properties: Orally active, blood-brain barrier penetrant (CNS-penetrant)
Mechanism of Action
Famlasertib functions by blocking the activation of the MAP4K protein family, specifically demonstrating powerful inhibitory values (\(\text{IC}_{50}\)) against subfamilies like HGK (MAP4K4), MLK3, and MLK1. By inhibiting these kinases, the compound: [1]
- Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress: It helps mitigate the unfolded protein response that triggers programmed cell death in neurons affected by misfolded protein accumulation.
- Suppresses Inflammation: It blocks inflammatory pathways associated with neurodegeneration and cell damage.
- Restrains Cell Motility: In oncology contexts, it disrupts kinase signaling linked to actin cytoskeleton remodeling, preventing malignant cells from migrating.
Primary Areas of Research
1. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
In motor neuron models of ALS, cellular stress frequently triggers neurodegeneration. Because famlasertib easily passes through the blood-brain barrier, it is capable of directly shielding motor neurons from ER-stress-mediated cell death, extending cell viability in laboratory models.
2. Oncology (Medulloblastoma)
Recent findings published on bioRxiv indicate that famlasertib acts as a “migrastatic” agent in medulloblastoma (a type of pediatric brain tumor). It suppresses the highly invasive behavior and single-cell motility of tumor cells without exhibiting developmental toxicity.
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020163594&_cid=P21-MPGALG-31359-1
PAT
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US317630245&_cid=P21-MPGALG-31359-1
Preparation of 2-(4-(4-(3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)benzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol (Compound 12k)
Following the general procedure described above, with 4-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)benzaldehyde (10c, 418 mg, 0.86 mmol) and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine (224 mg, 211 μL, 1.72 mmol, 2.0 eq) as the starting materials, 2-(4-(4-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)benzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol (12k) was isolated as an off-white solid (139.9 mg, 36% yield over two steps). 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d 4) δ 8.57 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.42 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (ddd, J=8.0, 2.1, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (s, 2H), 3.93-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 4H), 3.41 (s, 4H), 3.35-3.31 (m, 2H) ppm. HRMS (APCI +, m/z): calcd. for C 26H 28N 40Cl [M+H +]: 447.1952, found: 447.1954.
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US469942811&_cid=P21-MPGAUU-39605-1
ADVT
ANAX LABORATORIES
WEBSITE https://www.anaxlab.com/
Discovery Solutions, Supporting the chemistry needs of clients in the Medical, Analytical and Bio Sciences
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Phone : +91 897704 2010 / +91 9177075735, Email : info@anaxlab.com
#MedicinalChemistry, #DrugDiscovery, #OrganicSynthesis, #ChemicalLibrary, #BuildingBlocks, #SARStudies, #ChemistryInnovation, #medchem, #Drugdevelopment, #Biotech, #Biotechnology, #AnaxLaboratories, #Pharma
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References
- Design, synthesis of new 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives and evaluation of their inhibitory properties as mixed lineage kinase 3 inhibitorsPublication Name: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry LettersPublication Date: 2024-03-15PMID: 38346577DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129652
- The emerging role of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) and its potential as a target for neurodegenerative diseases therapiesPublication Name: European Journal of Medicinal ChemistryPublication Date: 2023-09-05PMID: 37247505DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115511
- Development of MAP4 Kinase Inhibitors as Motor Neuron-Protecting AgentsPublication Name: Cell Chemical BiologyPublication Date: 2019-12-19PMCID: PMC7253076PMID: 31676236DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.10.005
PAT
- Immunophilin binding agents and uses thereofPublication Number: US-2023063768-A1Priority Date: 2019-02-07
- Immunophilin binding agents and uses thereofPublication Number: WO-2020163594-A1Priority Date: 2019-02-07
- Immunophilin-dependent inhibitors and uses thereofPublication Number: US-2022193242-A1Priority Date: 2019-02-07
- Immunophilin-dependent inhibitors and uses thereofPublication Number: WO-2020163598-A1Priority Date: 2019-02-07
- Compounds, compositions and methods for inhibiting toxic endoplasmic reticulum stress – Patents.comPublication Number: JP-7487170-B2Priority Date: 2018-03-01Grant Date: 2024-05-20
- Compounds, compositions, and methods for suppressing toxic endoplasmic reticulum stress
- Publication Number: US-2021040091-A1
- Priority Date: 2018-03-01G
///////famlasertib, serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Prosetin, WJP32276AY
Epaldeudomide
Epaldeudomide
CAS 1918159-31-5
MF C25H252HFN3O5, MW 468.5 g/mol
(3S)-3-deuterio-3-[7-[[2-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]methoxy]-3-oxo-1H-isoindol-2-yl]piperidine-2,6-dione
KPG-818, KPG 818, ANTINEOPLASTIC, KV0TBL8MUS
Epaldeudomide (also known as KPG-818) is an investigational, next-generation immunomodulatory drug and “molecular glue” developed by Kangpu Biopharmaceuticals. Designed as a targeted therapy, it works by binding to the CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to degrade specific proteins, showing promise in treating blood cancers, solid tumors, and autoimmune diseases.
Mechanism of Action
- Molecular Glue: It is a small molecule that acts as a modulator of the cereblon (CRBN) E3 ligase.
- Protein Degradation: It targets and induces the rapid degradation of two Ikaros zinc-finger transcription factors: IKZF3 (Aiolos) and IKZF1 (Ikaros).
- Immunomodulation: By degrading these targets, epaldeudomide triggers broad-spectrum immune responses, reduces tumor proliferation, and suppresses inflammation (such as the production of TNF-\(\alpha \)).
Therapeutic Pipeline and Research
Epaldeudomide is currently undergoing clinical evaluation to assess its safety, tolerability, and efficacy.
- Hematology/Oncology: It is being studied for the treatment of hematologic malignancies (such as multiple myeloma and lymphomas). It demonstrates potent anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity without several severe side effects typically associated with earlier immunomodulatory drugs.
- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders: Because of its broad anti-inflammatory effects and ability to inhibit TNF-\(\alpha \), it is being explored for use against autoimmune conditions and inflammatory arthritis.
- OriginatorKangpu Biopharmaceuticals
- ClassAnti-inflammatories; Antineoplastics; Small molecules
- Mechanism of ActionCRBN protein modulators; Ubiquitin protein ligase complex modulators
- Phase IIInflammatory bowel diseases
- Phase I/IISystemic lupus erythematosus
- Phase IHaematological malignancies
- PreclinicalBehcet’s syndrome; Crohn’s disease; Multiple myeloma
- 06 Dec 2025Efficacy, pharmacokinetics and adverse events data from a phase I trial in Haematological malignancies presented at 67th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition (ASH-Hem-2025)
- 26 Nov 2025Epaldeudomide is still in phase I trials for Haematological malignancies (Second-line therapy or greater) in USA (PO, Capsule) (NCT04283097)
- 18 Nov 2025Efficacy and adverse events data from a phase I trial in Haematological malignancies released by Kangpu Biopharmaceuticals
SYN
US-10017492-B2
US-20170313676-A1
SYN
EP-3643709-A1
EP-3643709-B1
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=EP293972088&_cid=P21-MPEVL7-37300-1
Example 37: Compound A382
[0196] 3-(4-((2-fluoro-5-(3-morpholinopropoxy)benzyl)amino)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione, A382.
[0197] 1H NMR (DMSO- d 6, 300 MHz): δ 11.00 (s, 1H), 7.32 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.13 (m, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.07-5.13 (m, 1H), 4.38 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, 2H), 4.28 (d, J= 17.4 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (d, J= 17.4 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (t, J= 4.5 Hz, 4H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 2.85-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.38 (m, 5H), 2.00-2.09 (m, 1H). LCMS: 467.2 ([M+1] +).
Example 69: Compound A406
[0296] ( S)-3-deuterium-3-(4-((2-fluoro-4-(morpholinomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione, A406.
[0297] 1H NMR (DMSO- d 6, 300 MHz): δ 10.98 (s, 1H),7.47-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.16-7.20 (m, 2H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 5.06-5.12 (m, 0.04H), 4.35 (d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (br, 4H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 2.82-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.42 (m, 5H), 1.91-1.96 (m, 1H). LCMS: 469.2 ([M+1] +).
ADVT
ANAX LABORATORIES
WEBSITE https://www.anaxlab.com/
Discovery Solutions, Supporting the chemistry needs of clients in the Medical, Analytical and Bio Sciences
Development Solutions, Developing from Lab scale to PR&D, Kilo Scale-ups and Commercial Scales
SEE MORE………Integrated Solutions, Manufacturing Solutions, Products,
Can’t Find? Let’s Connect
Phone : +91 897704 2010 / +91 9177075735, Email : info@anaxlab.com
#MedicinalChemistry, #DrugDiscovery, #OrganicSynthesis, #ChemicalLibrary, #BuildingBlocks, #SARStudies, #ChemistryInnovation, #medchem, #Drugdevelopment, #Biotech, #Biotechnology, #AnaxLaboratories, #Pharma
AS ON FEB2026 4.574 LAKHS VIEWS ON BLOG WORLDREACH AVAILABLEFOR YOUR ADVERTISEMENT
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References
- Isoindoline derivative, intermediate, preparation method, pharmaceutical composition and use thereofPublication Number: US-10017492-B2Priority Date: 2014-10-30Grant Date: 2018-07-10
- Isoindoline derivative, intermediate, preparation method, pharmaceutical composition and use thereofPublication Number: EP-3643709-A1Priority Date: 2014-10-30
- Isoindoline derivative, intermediate, preparation method, pharmaceutical composition and use thereofPublication Number: US-2017313676-A1Priority Date: 2014-10-30
- Isoindoline derivative, intermediate, preparation method, pharmaceutical composition and use thereofPublication Number: EP-3643709-B1Priority Date: 2014-10-30Grant Date: 2021-10-20
/////////epaldeudomide, ANAX LABS, KPG-818, KPG 818, ANTINEOPLASTIC, KV0TBL8MUS
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY
New Drug Approvals 
