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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D ( ICT, Mumbai) , INDIA 36Yrs Exp. in the feld of Organic Chemistry,Working for AFRICURE PHARMA as ADVISOR earlier with GLENMARK PHARMA at Navi Mumbai, INDIA. Serving chemists around the world. Helping them with websites on Chemistry.Million hits on google, NO ADVERTISEMENTS , ACADEMIC , NON COMMERCIAL SITE, world acclamation from industry, academia, drug authorities for websites, blogs and educational contribution, ........amcrasto@gmail.com..........+91 9323115463, Skype amcrasto64 View Anthony Melvin Crasto Ph.D's profile on LinkedIn Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr.

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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, NIPER-G, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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Istisociclib


Istisociclib

KB 130742

CAS 2416873-83-9

MF C16H25N5, 287.40 g/mol

trans-(1S,3S)-3-N-(5-pentan-3-ylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)cyclopentane-1,3-diamine

(1S,3S)-N1-[5-(pentan-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]cyclopentane-1,3-diamine
cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, antineoplastic, KB-0742, 2416873-83-9, KB 0742, F7J6KSY5I8, UB-18422, KB-130742, KB 00130742

Istisociclib is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-ciclib’ in the name indicates that Istisociclib is a cyclin dependant kinase inhibitor. Istisociclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04718675 (A Study of KB-0742 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors Including Platinum Resistant High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC)). Istisociclib has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 287.21 Da.

Istisociclib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), the catalytic subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) elongation factor positive transcription elongation factor b (PTEF-b; PTEFb), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, istisociclib targets, binds to and blocks the phosphorylation and kinase activity of CDK9, thereby preventing PTEFb-mediated activation of RNA Pol II, leading to the inhibition of gene transcription of various anti-apoptotic proteins and oncogenic transcription factors including MYC and androgen receptor (AR). This induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and prevents tumor cell proliferation. CDK9 regulates elongation of transcription through phosphorylation of RNA Pol II at serine 2 (p-Ser2-RNAPII), and is an important cofactor for various oncogenic transcription factors. It is upregulated in various tumor cell types and plays a key role in the regulation of Pol II-mediated transcription of anti-apoptotic proteins. Tumor cells are dependent on anti-apoptotic proteins for their survival.

ISTISOCICLIB is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II and has 1 investigational indication.

A Study of KB-0742 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors Including Platinum Resistant High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC)

CTID: NCT04718675

Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2

Status: Terminated

Date: 2025-02-17

REF

PAT

WO-2023096922-A1

 (lS,3S)-N1-(5-(pentan-3-yl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)cyclopentane-l,3-diamine is a pharmaceutically active compound that has been studied for various uses, such as for the treatment of cancer. As used herein, the term “Compound A” is used to refer to both the free base and salt forms of (lS,3S)-N1-(5-(pentan-3-yl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)cyclopentane-l,3-diamine. The free base of Compound A has the CAS number of 2416873-83-9 and structure of formula (I):

SYN

Example 35: (1S,3S)-N3-[5-(1-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]cyclopentane-1,3-diamine (35)

2-Ethylbutanoic acid (7.5 g, 64.57 mmol) was dissolved in THF (150 mL) and cooled to 0 °C. Within 20 min CDI (16.23 g, 100.08 mmol) was added portion-wise. The reaction warmed to room temp (rt) and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight (Solution A). In another flask MgCl2 (6.14 g, 64.57 mmol) and potassium 3-ethoxy-3-oxo-propanoate (17 g, 100.1 mmol) were mixed with THF (150 mL) and stirred under argon overnight at 50 °C. The resultant white suspension was cooled to rt and solution A was added dropwise over 10 min and the reaction mixture (RM) was stirred for 16h at room temperature. After several minutes a sticky, amorphous solid appeared whereupon after several hours the reaction mixture became homogenous in appearance. The RM was concentrated to about a third, taken up in half sat. potassium bisulphate solution and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were subsequently washed with a sat. sodium bicarbonate solution, combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by column chromatography gave ethyl 4-ethyl-3-oxo-hexanoate (4.3 g, 23.087 mmol, 35.8% yield) as a transparent liquid. The RM was monitored by TLC (10% EA in Hex, Product Rf=0.6, SM Rf=0.1).

Step 2

To a suspension of ethyl 4-ethyl-3-oxo-hexanoate (4.4 g, 23.62 mmol) in acetic acid (11 mL) at 70 °C was added 1H-pyrazol-5-amine (4.71 g, 56.7 mmol) in two portions (the second portion was added after 2 hours of stirring the first portion) over a 4 hour period. Upon consumption of SM as indicated by TLC, the reaction was cooled to rt and the solvent was evaporated in a rotary evaporator. The residue was treated with ethyl acetate and filtered to give 5-(1-ethylpropyl)-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (3.7 g, 17.7 mmol, 74.9% yield) as an off-white solid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC (5% MeOH in DCM, Product Rf=0.3, SM Rf=0.8).

Step 3

A stirred solution of 5-(1-ethylpropyl)-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (3.7 g, 18.03 mmol) in POCl3 (33.7 mL, 360.52 mmol) was heated to reflux for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, excess reagent was evaporated in a rotary evaporator, and the residue was treated with ice-water. The chlorinated product was extracted from aqueous mixture by DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and purified by column chromatography to give 7- chloro-5-(1-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (3.1 g, 13.9 mmol, 76.9% yield) as a light yellow liquid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC (20% EA in Hex, Product Rf=0.6, SM Rf=0.1).

To a stirred solution 7-chloro-5-(1-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (2.3 g, 10.28 mmol), tert-Butyl ((1S,3S)-3-aminocyclopentyl)carbamate (2.27 g, 11.31 mmol) and K2CO3 (4.26 g, 30.84 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) were heated to reflux for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography, eluent 30% EA in hexane to give tert-butyl N-[(1S,3S)-3-[[5-(1-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]carbamate (4.5 g, 11.6 mmol, 112.8% yield) as an off-white solid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC (40% EA in Hex, Product Rf=0.5, SM Rf=0.7).

Step 5

To tert-butyl N-[(1 S,3S)-3-[[5-(l-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]carbamate (1.0 g, 2.58 mmol) in l,4-Dioxane (0.2 mL), 4 M HC1 in Dioxane (3.22 mL, 12.9 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo, triturated with pentane and lyophilized from MeCN:H20 to give [(lS,3S)-3-[[5-(l-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]ammonium dichloride (0.9 g, 2.5 mmol, 96.8% yield) as a pale-yellow sticky solid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC ( 100% EA, Product Rf=0.l, SM Rf=0.8). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) d 15.00 (s, 1H), 9.93-9.86 (m, 1H), 8.51 (s, 3H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 4.95 (q, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.77- 3.66 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.71 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.63 (m, 6H), 0.81 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H). LC-MS (m/z 287.21, found 288.0 [M+H+])

Step 6

To [(1S,3S)-3-[[5-(l-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[I,5-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]ammonium-di chloride (0.2 g, 0.5600 mmol) in aq. NH3 (4.0 mL, 0.56 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo, triturated with pentane and lyophilized from MeCN:H20 to give (lS,3S)-N3-[5-(l-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]cyclopentane-l,3-diamine (140 mg, 0.49 mmol, 87.8% yield) as a pale-yellow sticky solid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC (100% EA, Product Rf=0.1, SM Rf=0.8). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) d 7.95 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 4.31-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.22 (m, 1H),

2.09–1.79 (m, 3H), 1.80–1.59 (m, 5H), 1.58–1.24 (m, 3H), 0.83 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H). LC-MS (m/z 287.21, found 288.5 [M+H+]).

PAT

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//////istisociclib, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, antineoplastic, KB-0742, 2416873-83-9, KB 0742, F7J6KSY5I8, UB-18422, KB-130742, KB 00130742

Istisociclib


Istisociclib

KB 130742

CAS 2416873-83-9

MF C16H25N5, 287.40 g/mol

trans-(1S,3S)-3-N-(5-pentan-3-ylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)cyclopentane-1,3-diamine

(1S,3S)-N1-[5-(pentan-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]cyclopentane-1,3-diamine
cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, antineoplastic, KB-0742, 2416873-83-9, KB 0742, F7J6KSY5I8, UB-18422, KB-130742, KB 00130742

Istisociclib is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-ciclib’ in the name indicates that Istisociclib is a cyclin dependant kinase inhibitor. Istisociclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04718675 (A Study of KB-0742 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors Including Platinum Resistant High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC)). Istisociclib has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 287.21 Da.

Istisociclib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), the catalytic subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) elongation factor positive transcription elongation factor b (PTEF-b; PTEFb), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, istisociclib targets, binds to and blocks the phosphorylation and kinase activity of CDK9, thereby preventing PTEFb-mediated activation of RNA Pol II, leading to the inhibition of gene transcription of various anti-apoptotic proteins and oncogenic transcription factors including MYC and androgen receptor (AR). This induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and prevents tumor cell proliferation. CDK9 regulates elongation of transcription through phosphorylation of RNA Pol II at serine 2 (p-Ser2-RNAPII), and is an important cofactor for various oncogenic transcription factors. It is upregulated in various tumor cell types and plays a key role in the regulation of Pol II-mediated transcription of anti-apoptotic proteins. Tumor cells are dependent on anti-apoptotic proteins for their survival.

ISTISOCICLIB is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II and has 1 investigational indication.

A Study of KB-0742 in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors Including Platinum Resistant High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC)

CTID: NCT04718675

Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2

Status: Terminated

Date: 2025-02-17

REF

PAT

WO-2023096922-A1

 (lS,3S)-N1-(5-(pentan-3-yl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)cyclopentane-l,3-diamine is a pharmaceutically active compound that has been studied for various uses, such as for the treatment of cancer. As used herein, the term “Compound A” is used to refer to both the free base and salt forms of (lS,3S)-N1-(5-(pentan-3-yl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)cyclopentane-l,3-diamine. The free base of Compound A has the CAS number of 2416873-83-9 and structure of formula (I):

SYN

Example 35: (1S,3S)-N3-[5-(1-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]cyclopentane-1,3-diamine (35)

2-Ethylbutanoic acid (7.5 g, 64.57 mmol) was dissolved in THF (150 mL) and cooled to 0 °C. Within 20 min CDI (16.23 g, 100.08 mmol) was added portion-wise. The reaction warmed to room temp (rt) and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight (Solution A). In another flask MgCl2 (6.14 g, 64.57 mmol) and potassium 3-ethoxy-3-oxo-propanoate (17 g, 100.1 mmol) were mixed with THF (150 mL) and stirred under argon overnight at 50 °C. The resultant white suspension was cooled to rt and solution A was added dropwise over 10 min and the reaction mixture (RM) was stirred for 16h at room temperature. After several minutes a sticky, amorphous solid appeared whereupon after several hours the reaction mixture became homogenous in appearance. The RM was concentrated to about a third, taken up in half sat. potassium bisulphate solution and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were subsequently washed with a sat. sodium bicarbonate solution, combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. Purification by column chromatography gave ethyl 4-ethyl-3-oxo-hexanoate (4.3 g, 23.087 mmol, 35.8% yield) as a transparent liquid. The RM was monitored by TLC (10% EA in Hex, Product Rf=0.6, SM Rf=0.1).

Step 2

To a suspension of ethyl 4-ethyl-3-oxo-hexanoate (4.4 g, 23.62 mmol) in acetic acid (11 mL) at 70 °C was added 1H-pyrazol-5-amine (4.71 g, 56.7 mmol) in two portions (the second portion was added after 2 hours of stirring the first portion) over a 4 hour period. Upon consumption of SM as indicated by TLC, the reaction was cooled to rt and the solvent was evaporated in a rotary evaporator. The residue was treated with ethyl acetate and filtered to give 5-(1-ethylpropyl)-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (3.7 g, 17.7 mmol, 74.9% yield) as an off-white solid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC (5% MeOH in DCM, Product Rf=0.3, SM Rf=0.8).

Step 3

A stirred solution of 5-(1-ethylpropyl)-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (3.7 g, 18.03 mmol) in POCl3 (33.7 mL, 360.52 mmol) was heated to reflux for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, excess reagent was evaporated in a rotary evaporator, and the residue was treated with ice-water. The chlorinated product was extracted from aqueous mixture by DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and purified by column chromatography to give 7- chloro-5-(1-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (3.1 g, 13.9 mmol, 76.9% yield) as a light yellow liquid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC (20% EA in Hex, Product Rf=0.6, SM Rf=0.1).

To a stirred solution 7-chloro-5-(1-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (2.3 g, 10.28 mmol), tert-Butyl ((1S,3S)-3-aminocyclopentyl)carbamate (2.27 g, 11.31 mmol) and K2CO3 (4.26 g, 30.84 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) were heated to reflux for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography, eluent 30% EA in hexane to give tert-butyl N-[(1S,3S)-3-[[5-(1-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]carbamate (4.5 g, 11.6 mmol, 112.8% yield) as an off-white solid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC (40% EA in Hex, Product Rf=0.5, SM Rf=0.7).

Step 5

To tert-butyl N-[(1 S,3S)-3-[[5-(l-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]carbamate (1.0 g, 2.58 mmol) in l,4-Dioxane (0.2 mL), 4 M HC1 in Dioxane (3.22 mL, 12.9 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo, triturated with pentane and lyophilized from MeCN:H20 to give [(lS,3S)-3-[[5-(l-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]ammonium dichloride (0.9 g, 2.5 mmol, 96.8% yield) as a pale-yellow sticky solid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC ( 100% EA, Product Rf=0.l, SM Rf=0.8). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) d 15.00 (s, 1H), 9.93-9.86 (m, 1H), 8.51 (s, 3H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 4.95 (q, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.77- 3.66 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.71 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.63 (m, 6H), 0.81 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H). LC-MS (m/z 287.21, found 288.0 [M+H+])

Step 6

To [(1S,3S)-3-[[5-(l-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[I,5-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]ammonium-di chloride (0.2 g, 0.5600 mmol) in aq. NH3 (4.0 mL, 0.56 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo, triturated with pentane and lyophilized from MeCN:H20 to give (lS,3S)-N3-[5-(l-ethylpropyl)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]cyclopentane-l,3-diamine (140 mg, 0.49 mmol, 87.8% yield) as a pale-yellow sticky solid. The reaction mixture was monitored by TLC (100% EA, Product Rf=0.1, SM Rf=0.8). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) d 7.95 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 4.31-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.22 (m, 1H),

2.09–1.79 (m, 3H), 1.80–1.59 (m, 5H), 1.58–1.24 (m, 3H), 0.83 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 6H). LC-MS (m/z 287.21, found 288.5 [M+H+]).

PAT

str1

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……

//////istisociclib, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, antineoplastic, KB-0742, 2416873-83-9, KB 0742, F7J6KSY5I8, UB-18422, KB-130742, KB 00130742

Isomiosamine


Isomiosamine

CAS 53844-46-5

MF C9H10N2 MW
146.19 g/mol

3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine

(+/-)-Isomyosmine

rac-(3R)-3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor, MyMD-1, MYMD-1, Isomyosamine, 3A50Y1J4LP, MyMD Pharmaceuticals

synthetic derivative of tobacco alkaloids

Isomyosamine, also known as MyMD-1 or MYMD-1, is a synthetic derivative of tobacco plant alkaloids being developed as a metabolic- and immunomodulator by MyMD Pharmaceuticals. To date, isomyosamine has been shown to suppress the production of IFN-γIL-2IL-10, and TNF-α, and decrease the severity of experimental thyroiditis in a murine model.[1] Trials in humans are being planned, and some are underway, examining the potential benefits of isomyosamine in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, and in sarcopenia and frailty.[2]

MyMD Pharmaceuticals claim that MYMD-1 is not immunosuppressive, and thus should not be associated with the dangerous side effects such as infections that are seen in currently used TNF-α inhibitors such as adalimumab.[3] While it is true that there currently is no evidence of immunosuppression in isomyosamine recipients, this has not yet been tested in large clinical trials

Safety and Efficacy of Isomyosamine in Reducing Inflammation and Treating Muscle Loss in Older Adults After Hip or Thigh Bone Fractures

CTID: NCT06942182

Phase: Phase 2

Status: Not yet recruiting

Date: 2025-04-24

SYN

Isomyosmine

[08] Isomyosmine (3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridine) is a nicotine related alkaloid present in solanecea plants containing nicotine.

PAT

Unless otherwise clear from context, all percentages referred to herein are expressed as percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Percentages expressed herein as “w/v” refer to mass, in grams, of the component per 100 ml of solvent. For example, a 1% (w/v) composition of isomyosmine contains lg (1000 mg) of isomyosmine per 100 ml of solvent, which is equivalent to 10 mg/ml.
      Isomyosmine (3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridine) is a nicotine related alkaloid present in solanecea plants containing nicotine.
  Isomyosmine may be prepared synthetically using known techniques, and also is commercially available from several chemical suppliers. Isomyosmine has two optical isomers (+/−) owing to an asymmetric carbon atom within its pyrrole ring that joins to the pyridine ring. Unless otherwise clear from context, the term “isomyosmine,” as used herein, is inclusive of enantiomeric mixtures (+/−) including racemic mixtures, as well as isolated forms of one or the other enantiomer.
      In some embodiments, isomyosmine may be adsorbed on a cation exchange resin such as polymethacrilic acid (Amberlite IRP64 or Purolite C115HMR), as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,901,248, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Such cation exchange resins have been used commercially, for example, in nicotine replacement therapy, e.g., nicotine polacrilex.

PAT

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……

Scientific studies

Preclinical studies

One preliminary murine study comparing isomyosamine to rapamycin, the best-characterised drug slowing the progression of aging, reported an increase in lifespan in the isomyosamine cohort, indicating anti-aging activity. Isomyosamine’s anti-proliferative effects were similar to those of rapamycin.[4]

Clinical trials

A phase I randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial on healthy volunteers examining the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of different amounts of isomyosamine found no serious adverse events, but 3 cases of mild dysgeusia in the highest-dose (600 mg) cohort. A preliminary decrease in TNF-α levels was reported in the lowest-dose (150 mg) cohort, but not in the placebo cohort.[5]

Identifiers
CAS Number53844-46-5
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
ChemSpider9461533
PubChem CID11286546
UNII3A50Y1J4LP
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID80461155 
InChI
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formulaC9H10N2
Molar mass146.193 g·mol−1
Related compounds
Related compoundsMyosmine
Nicotine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Infobox references

References

  1.  Di Dalmazi, Giulia; Chalan, Paulina; Caturegli, Patrizio (2019-03-01). “MYMD-1, a Novel Immunometabolic Regulator, Ameliorates Autoimmune Thyroiditis via Suppression of Th1 Responses and TNF-α Release”The Journal of Immunology202 (5): 1350–1362. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1801238ISSN 0022-1767PMID 30674573S2CID 59226562.
  2.  “MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Provides Dosing Update on Phase 2 Multi-Center Clinical Trial of MYMD-1® as a Therapy for Delaying Aging and Extending Healthy Lifespan”MyMD. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  3.  “MYMD-1®”MyMD. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  4.  Sabini, Elena; O’Mahony, Alison; Caturegli, Patrizio (2023-02-24). Anderson, Rozalyn M (ed.). “MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin”The Journals of Gerontology: Series A78 (2): 227–235. doi:10.1093/gerona/glac142ISSN 1079-5006PMID 35914953.
  5.  Brager, Jenna; Chapman, Chris; Dunn, Leonard; Kaplin, Adam (2022-11-11). “A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects”Drug Research73 (2): 95–104. doi:10.1055/a-1962-6834ISSN 2194-9379PMC 9902179PMID 36368677.

/////////////isomiosamine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor, MyMD-1, MYMD-1, Isomyosamine, 3A50Y1J4LP, MyMD Pharmaceuticals, ANAX, ADVECT, BLUE JET

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Ismidenon


Ismidenon

CAS 887603-94-3

MF C15H12N2O MW236.27 g/mol

spiro(imidazo-(1,2-a)pyridine-3,2-indan)-2(3H)-one

1′,3′-dihydro-2H-spiro[imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3,2′-inden]-2-one
voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel modulator, ZSET 1446, ST 101, 7TTT61784C


ST-101
 is a small peptide antagonist of C/EBPβ and T-type calcium channel activator. ST101 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Essential Tremor and Alzheimer’s Disease.

Ismidenon is an orally bioavailable azaindolizinone derivative and acetylcholine releasing agent, with potential neurocognitive-enhancing activity. Upon oral administration, ismidenon increases acetylcholine release in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission. Ismidenon also decreases amyloid beta peptide production. This may improve neurocognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease.

  • Evaluating the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of AD-101 in Healthy VolunteersCTID: NCT03764462Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2019-08-30
  • A Pilot Efficacy and Safety Study of ST101 in Essential TremorCTID: NCT01332695Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2012-01-06
  • A Phase 1-2 Study of ST101 in Patients With Advanced Solid TumorsCTID: NCT04478279Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-05-11
  • Preliminary Efficacy and Safety Study of ST101 in Alzheimer’s DiseaseCTID: NCT00842673Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2012-06-07
  • Preliminary Efficacy and Safety Study of ST101 Plus Aricept in Alzheimer’s DiseaseCTID: NCT00842816Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2012-06-07

SYN

PAT

[ 0149 ]
spiro[imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-2(3H)-one-3,2′-indan] (Compound 24)

[ 0150 ]
Melting Point: 206 0C (decomposition);
NMR (CDCh) δ: 3.16 (2H, d, J=16Hz), 3.89 (2H, d, J=16Hz), 6.49 (IH, t, J=7Hz), 7.1-7.2

(2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (4H, m), 7.61 (IH, t, J=7Hz);
MS m/z: 236 (M+).

PAT

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///////ismidenon, voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel modulator, ZSET 1446, ST 101, 7TTT61784C

Copper histidinate


Copper histidinate

CAS 12561-67-0 AND 13870-80-9

MF C12H16CuN6O4

FDA 2026, JAN/12/26, Zycubo, To treat Menkes disease, APPROVALS 2026, 9078K3MO9U, MN 88, CUTX 101

copper bis((2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoate)

Copper histidinate, sold under the brand name Zycubo, is a medication used for the treatment of Menkes disease.[1] Copper histidinate is a copper replacement therapy given by subcutaneous injection.[1][2]

The most common side effects include infections, respiratory problems, seizures, vomiting, fever, anemia and injection site reactions.[2]

Copper histidinate was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2026.[2]

Medical uses

Copper histidinate is indicated for the treatment of Menkes disease in children.[1]

Menkes disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic defect that impairs a child’s ability to absorb copper.[2] The disease is characterized by seizures, failure to gain weight and grow, developmental delays, and intellectual disability.[2] It leads to abnormalities of the vascular system, bladder, bowel, bones, muscles, and nervous system.[2]

SYN


A275388 — Flores-Pulido AA, Jimenez-Perez VM, Garcia-Chong NR: Sintesis y uso de histidinato de cobre en ninos con enfermedad de Menkes en Mexico. Gac Med Mex. 2019;155(2):191-195. doi: 10.24875/GMM.18004310. [PubMed:31056589]

PAT

PAT

Copper amino acidate diimine nitrate compounds and their methyl derivatives and a process for preparing them

Publication Number: US-5576326-A

Priority Date: 1989-12-20

Grant Date: 1996-11-19

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Side effects

The most common side effects include infections, respiratory problems, seizures, vomiting, fever, anemia and injection site reactions.[2]

Society and culture

Legal status

Copper histidinate was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2026.[2] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for copper histidinate priority reviewfast trackbreakthrough therapy, and orphan drug designations.[2] The FDA granted approval of Zycubo to Sentynl Therapeutics.[2]

Names

Copper histidinate is the international nonproprietary name[3] and the United States Adopted Name.[4]

Copper histidinate is sold under the brand name Zycubo.[5]

References

  1.  Sentynl Therapeutics (12 January 2026). “Zycubo (copper histidinate) for injection, for subcutaneous use” (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  2.  “FDA Approves First Treatment for Children With Menkes Disease”U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 12 January 2026. Retrieved 15 January 2026. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3.  World Health Organization (2025). “International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 94”. WHO Drug Information39 (3). hdl:10665/383022.
  4.  “Copper histidinate”American Medical Association. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  5.  “Sentynl Therapeutics Inc. Announces FDA Approval of Zycubo (copper histidinate)”. Sentynl Therapeutics. 13 January 2026. Retrieved 15 January 2026 – via PR Newswire.

Further reading

External links

  • Clinical trial number NCT00001262 for “Copper Histidine Therapy for Menkes Diseases” at ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Clinical trial number NCT00811785 for “Molecular Bases of Response to Copper Treatment in Menkes Disease, Related Phenotypes, and Unexplained Copper Deficiency” at ClinicalTrials.gov
Clinical data
Trade namesZycubo
Other namesCopper(II) bis(histidinate)
AHFS/Drugs.comzycubo
License dataUS DailyMedCopper histidinate
Routes of
administration
Subcutaneous
ATC codeNone
Legal status
Legal statusUS: ℞-only[1]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
CAS Number13870-80-9
PubChem CID151722
DrugBankDB32041
ChemSpider133722
UNII9078K3MO9U
KEGGD13117
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID30154803 
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC12H16CuN6O4
Molar mass371.844 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
SMILES
InChI

/////////////Copper histidinate, FDA 2026, JAN/12/26, Zycubo, To treat Menkes disease, APPROVALS 2026,
9078K3MO9U, 9078K3MO9U, MN 88, CUTX 101

Idrebormilast


Idrebormilast

CAS 2415085-44-6

MF C18H22BNO4, MW 327.18

Pyridine, 3-[(4R)-2-hydroxy-1,2-oxaborolan-4-yl]-5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)-

(4R)-4-[5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1,2-oxaborolan-2-ol
phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, M6ZU548FWD, PF07038124, PF 07038124

PF-07038124 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05298033 (Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Crisaborole and PF-07038124 With and Without NBUVB in Vitiligo).

IDREBORMILAST is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II (across all indications) and has 2 investigational indications.

  • Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Crisaborole and PF-07038124 With and Without NBUVB in VitiligoCTID: NCT05298033Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2024-06-12
  • PDE4 Inhibition in Seborrheic Dermatitis and Papulopustular RosaceaCTID: NCT06013371Phase: Phase 2Status: TerminatedDate: 2025-04-24
  • A Study To Determine The Safety, Tolerability, Skin Irritation Potential, And PK Following Topical Application Of PF-07038124 In Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT04135560Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2020-05-14
  • Study to Evaluate the Safety, Local and Systemic Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple-Dose Topical Administration of PF-07038124 in Japanese Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT04863417Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2024-01-25
  • Study To Assess Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability And Pharmacokinetics Of PF-07038124 Ointment In Participants With Atopic Dermatitis Or Plaque PsoriasisCTID: NCT04664153Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2022-08-26

SYN

US11559538, Example 4

PAT

Example 4: (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol

Method A:

To a mixture of (R)-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)boronic acid (Preparation 6, 55 g, 120 mmol) in IPA (247 mL) was added 5 M hydrogen chloride in IPA (37 mL, 185 mmol) at about 20 °C. The mixture was stirred for about 3 h and concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (500 mL) and 1 N

HCI (500 mL) was added. The layers were separated and the EtOAc layer was extracted with 0.5 N HCI (2 x 200 mL). The aqueous extracts were combined with the separated acidic aqueous layer and washed with EtOAc (3 x 250 mL). The combined acidic aqueous layers were treated with K3PO4 to pH 5-6. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (1 x 500 mL, 2 x 200 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (34.5 g, 88%). This was further purified by preparative SFC (Prep SFC Method C) to afford 29 g as a crude product. The crude product was dissolved in methanol (250 mL) and water (50 mL) and stirred at 20 °C for about 30 min before concentrating. The concentrated solution was partitioned between brine and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc extracts were combined with the separate EtOAc layer and were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in degassed EtOAc (200 mL) and degassed heptane (100 mL) was added slowly. Heptane was added until a precipitate was observed and and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight under N2. The solid was filtered to afford 8.08 g of product. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL). Heptane (25 mL) was slowly added and the mixture stirred overnight open to air. The solid was filtered to afford a second batch (6.16 g). This was repeated a second time to afford 3.0 g. The filtrate was stirred overnight to afford additional batches (2.09 g and 3.1 g) respectively. The solid batches were combined to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (22.3 g, 57%) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO-cfe, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H), 1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+; RT [Analytical SFC Method B] = 7.30 min. [a]20D -23.7 (c = 0.9, EtOH).

Elemental analysis calculated (%) for Ci8H22BN04: C 66.08, H 6.78, N 4.28. Found: C 65.86, H 6.59, N 4.18.

Method B:

Step 1 : To THF (18.0 mL) was added 3-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)prop-1 -en-2-yl)-5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine (Preparation 50, 3.0 g, 7.25 mmol), [lr(COD)CI]2 (CAS 121 12-67-3, 36.9 mg, 0.054 mmol) and (S)[(Sp)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]-4-isopropyloxazoline (CAS 163169-29-7, 52.4 mg, 0.109 mmol). Additional THF (6.0 mL) was added to the mixture which was warmed to about 50 °C for about 5 min. Catecholborane (10.9 mL, 1 0M in THF) was added to the mixture and stirred at about 50 °C for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to about 20 °C and treated with HCI (12.2 M, 1 .51 mL) over 1 min. The mixture was held at about 20 °C for about 1 h, afterwhich a precipitate had formed. The mixture was cooled to about 10 °C and filtered. The filtered solid was washed with THF (6.0 mL) and

dried overnight at 35°C under vacuum to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol hydrochloride monohydrate (3.98 g, 91 %) as a crystalline solid. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz): d 8.98 (d, J = 1 .5 Hz, 1 H), 8.75 (s, 1 H), 8.67 (d, J = 1 .3 Hz, 1 H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.89-3.92 (m, 1 H), 3.86-3.95 (m, 5H), 3.46 (br s, 1 H), 1 .85 (m, 2H), 1 .31 -1 .42 (m, 2H), 1 .08 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.

Step 2: To a solution of (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol hydrochloride monohydrate (2.0 g, 5.24 mmol) in water (60 ml_) was added EtOAc (20 ml_). To the stirred mixture was added NaOH (1 N) dropwise to adjust the pH of the aqeous layer to 7-8. The mixture was stirred at about 20 °C for about 5 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 10 ml_). The combined EtOAc extracts were concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF/MTBE (1 :3, 22 ml_) and stirred at about 20 °C overnight. The precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (1 .17 g, 68%) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO-cfe, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H), 1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.

Method C:

To a solution of (R)-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)boronic acid (Preparation 6, 29.0 g, 63.1 mmol) in THF (66 mL) was added aqueous HCI (84.2 mL, 252 mmol, 3.0 M) and stirred at 20 °C for about 1 .5 h. The mixture was concentrated. The mixture was diluted with 1 M HCI and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with 1 M HCI (3 x 50 mL). The combined aqueous extracts were neutralized with K3PO4 to pH 7-8 and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (19.0 g, 92%).

This was further purified by preparative SFC (Prep SFC Method C) to afford 18 g of the crude product. The crude product was dissolved in MeOH (100 mL) and water (50 mL). The mixture was partitioned between brine and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated to afford 15 g of product. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (60 mL) and heptane (30 mL) was slowly added over about 3 h. The mixture was stirred at about 20 °C overnight. The precipitate was filtered and dried to afford (8.08 g). This process was repeated 2 more times to afford additional batches (2.01 g and 1 .03 g), respectively. The three batches were combined in heptane (100 mL), chilled to about -78 °C for about 10 min, filtered

and dried to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (10.4 g, 51 %) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO -d6, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s,

1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H),

1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.

PAT

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//////////idrebormilast, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, M6ZU548FWD, PF07038124, PF 07038124

Gridegalutamide


Gridegalutamide

CAS 2446929-86-6

MF C41H45F3N8O5S MW818.9 g/mol

2-[(2R)-4-[2-[4-[3-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-1-yl]-2-ethylphenoxy]ethyl]-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-N-[3-[[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]amino]phenyl]acetamide

antiandrogen, antineoplastic, BMS 986365, CC 94676, BMS-986365, CC-94676, CEL 010355,

VA228VR2DI,

Gridegalutamide is an investigational oral androgen receptor (AR) degrader being developed for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). It belongs to a class of drugs called proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which are designed to selectively degrade specific proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system.[1][2] CC-94676 employs a unique dual mechanism of action, combining AR degradation with AR antagonism, potentially offering advantages over traditional AR inhibitors in overcoming resistance mechanisms.[3] Initially developed by Celgene and now under Bristol Myers Squibb, CC-94676 has demonstrated AR protein degradation and suppression of tumor growth in CRPC mouse models.[2] As of 2024, CC-94676 is being evaluated in phase I clinical trials for patients with mCRPC who have progressed on androgen deprivation therapy and at least one prior secondary hormonal therapy.[1][2]

Gridegalutamide is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-lutamide’ in the name indicates that Gridegalutamide is a non-steroid antiandrogen. Gridegalutamide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04428788 (Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of CC-94676 in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer). Gridegalutamide has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 818.32 Da.

GRIDEGALUTAMIDE is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II (across all indications) and has 3 investigational indications.

Gridegalutamide is an orally bioavailable androgen receptor (AR) degrader, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gridegalutamide causes degradation of AR, prevents AR-mediated signaling and inhibits the proliferation of AR-overexpressing tumor cells. AR plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

  • A Study to Evaluate the Drug Levels, Metabolism and Excretion, and Absolute Bioavailability of BMS-986365 in Healthy Male ParticipantsCTID: NCT06433505Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-03-26
  • Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of CC-94676 in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate CancerCTID: NCT04428788Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-12-22

SYN

DRUGHUNTER

https://drughunter.com/molecule/gridegalutamide-bms-986365-cc-94676

PAT

Example 17: 2-((R)-4-(2-(4-(3-(4-Cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2- thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-2-ethylphenoxy)ethyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(3-((2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide hydrochloride

PAT

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References

  1.  Salama AK, Trkulja MV, Casanova E, Uras IZ (December 2022). “Targeted Protein Degradation: Clinical Advances in the Field of Oncology”International Journal of Molecular Sciences23 (23) 15440. doi:10.3390/ijms232315440PMC 9741350PMID 36499765.
  2.  Xie H, Liu J, Alem Glison DM, Fleming JB (2021). “The clinical advances of proteolysis targeting chimeras in oncology”Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy2 (6): 511–521. doi:10.37349/etat.2021.00061PMC 9400722PMID 36046114.
  3.  Rathkopf DE, Patel MR, Choudhury AD, Rasco D, Lakhani N, Hawley JE, et al. (September 2024). “Safety and clinical activity of BMS-986365 (CC-94676), a dual androgen receptor ligand-directed degrader and antagonist, in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer”Annals of Oncology36 (1): 76–88. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2024.09.005PMC 12094577PMID 39293515.
Clinical data
Other namesBMS-986365; CC-94676
Identifiers
IUPAC name
CAS Number2446929-86-6
PubChem CID153513643
ChemSpider133326102
UNIIVA228VR2DI
KEGGD12866
ChEMBLChEMBL6068413
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC41H45F3N8O5S
Molar mass818.92 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
SMILES
InChI

//////////gridegalutamide, ANAX, ADVECT, antiandrogen, antineoplastic, BMS 986365, CC 94676, BMS-986365, CC-94676, CEL 010355, VA228VR2DI,

Glasmacinal


Glasmacinal

CAS 2097822-02-9

MF C37H62N2O10 MW694.90

[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-2-ethyl-3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-15-oxo-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadec-11-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl] benzoate

(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-{[2-O-benzoyl-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino) -β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-2-ethyl3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-
azacyclopentadecan-15-one
non-antibacterial macrolide, anti-inflammatory, EP 395, M3T8D3P634

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US234729681&_cid=P12-MKVZ26-57135-1

Example 2: (2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-2-ethyl-3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-15-oxo-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadec-11-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-3-yl] benzoate)

To a mixture of (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one (Example 1) (0.5 g, 0.8500 mmol) and Triethylamine (428.2 mg, 4.23 mmol) in DCM (5 ml), cooled on ice, was added Benzoyl chloride (356.9 mg, 2.54 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to reach room temperature. After 3 days good conversion to the desired benzoylated product was obtained and the mixture was portioned between DCM and saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated to a white foam. The product was purified using reversed phase chromatography (see general information)

PAT

str1

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///////glasmacinal, ANAX, ADVECT, non-antibacterial macrolide, anti-inflammatory, EP 395, M3T8D3P634

Frespaciguat


Frespaciguat

CAS 2101645-33-2

MF C27H22ClF5N6O3 MW 608.9 g/mol

3-[4-[(5S)-4-amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl]propanoic acid

3-{4-[(5S)-4-amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}propanoic acid
guanylate cyclase activator, MK5475, MK 5475, sGC activator 1, 6DXN080KGB

Frespaciguat (development code MK-5475) is an experimental inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator developed by Merck for pulmonary arterial hypertension.[1][2][3][4]

Frespaciguat is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-ciguat’ in the name indicates that Frespaciguat is a guanylate cyclase activator and stimulator. Frespaciguat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05612035 (Frespaciguat (MK-5475) INSIGNIA-PH-COPD: A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (an Inhaled sGC Stimulator) in Adults With PH-COPD). Frespaciguat has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 608.14 Da.

  • Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (PH-COPD) (MK-5475-006)CTID: NCT04370873Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-05-28
  • A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (INSIGNIA-PAH: Phase 2/3 Study of an Inhaled sGC Stimulator in PAH) (MK-5475-007)CTID: NCT04732221Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3Status: CompletedDate: 2025-05-25
  • Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Hypoxemia Due to COVID-19 Pneumonia (MK-5475-009)CTID: NCT04425733Phase: Phase 1Status: WithdrawnDate: 2025-05-15
  • Frespaciguat (MK-5475) INSIGNIA-PH-COPD: A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (an Inhaled sGC Stimulator) in Adults With PH-COPDCTID: NCT05612035Phase: Phase 2Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-10-07
  • A Study of Single Doses of Frespaciguat (MK-5475) on Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (MK-5475-002)CTID: NCT03744637Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-06-04

SYN

US10030027,

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US199416000&_cid=P12-MKUJSJ-89968-1

Example 10B

(S)-3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoic acid

Step A—(S)-Methyl 3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoate

      In a flask containing I-A1 (91 mg, 0.27 mmol), I-11B (80 mg, 0.24 mmol) and potassium bicarbonate (73.2 mg, 0.73 mmol) in t-BuOH (2.4 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc and water, and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydr. Na 2SO 4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with (EtOAc:EtOH 3:1):hexane (0-40%) to afford the title compound. m/z=623 (M+1).

Step B—(S)-3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoic acid

      In a flask containing (S)-methyl 3-(4-{4-amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoate (120 mg, 0.19 mmol) in dioxane (8.7 mL) was added LiOH (46 mg, 1.93 mmol) in water (1 mL). The reaction was stirred 2 h at 50° C. The reaction was cooled to RT, concentrated in vacuo and diluted with EtOAc. Acetic acid (132 μl, 2.31 mmol) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (2×), dried over anhydr. MgSO 4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with (EtOAc:EtOH 3:1):hexane (0-100%) to afford the title compound Ex-10B. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 12.12 (s, 1H), 11.09 (s, 1H), 8.69 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J=8.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.11 (m, 4H), 6.54 (s, 2H), 4.82 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.90 (tt, J=19.4, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.52-2.49 (m, 2H), 1.76 (s, 3H); m/z=609 (M+1).

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2025006295&_cid=P12-MKUJNS-84717-1

EXAMPLE 2

[0038] To an autoclave was charged anisole (12.78 L), indazole ester (IV) (2.13 kg, 5.64 mol), and hexamethyldisilazane (4.55 kg, 28.2 mol). The mixture was cooled to 0-5 oC and the vessel was placed under slight positive pressure with no N2 sweeping. A solution of H2O (203.21 g, 11.27 mol) in sulfolane (6.39 L) was added while keeping at < 10 oC in order to minimize NH3 gas escaping. The resulting mixture was cooled to -10 oC, then TfOH (1.692 kg, 11.27 mol) was slowly added at < 22 oC. The vessel was sealed and the mixture was heated at 120-130 °C for 24 h. The upper vessel was kept warm so that solid ammonium triflate did not deposit there.

[0039] After cooling the mixture to rt, the batch (biphasic) was further cooled to 0-10 oC.2.4 equiv 1N KOH (13.53 L, 14.207 kg, 13.53 mol) was slowly added at < 25 oC. After agitating for 30 min, and letting settle at rt, the bottom aqueous layer was removed (pH~14). The organic layer was washed with 18% brine (10.5 L). The aqueous layer was removed (pH ~12). To the organic phase was added ¼ (101 mL, 149 g) of 1.1 equiv methanesulfonic acid (402 mL, 595 g, 6.20 mol), then seeded with 0.2 wt% amidine MSA type A (8.5 g). The rest of MSA (447 g, 302 mL) was then slowly added over 1 h. During MSA addition, the temperature was controlled at < 25 oC. The resulting slurry, after aging at 22 oC for 15 h, was filtered, then displacement washed with 2 x 3 vol 2-MeTHF (2 x 6.4 L), and vacuum dried under N2 at < 30 °C for 24 h. The product (III) was obtained (4.62 kg, 10.58 mol, 93 % yield) as an off-white to light beige solid.

PAT

str1

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Legal status
Legal statusInvestigational
Identifiers
IUPAC name
CAS Number2101645-33-2
PubChem CID129242560
ChemSpider129394387
UNII6DXN080KGB
ChEMBLChEMBL5944803
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC27H22ClF5N6O3
Molar mass608.95 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
SMILES
InChI

References

  1.  Bajwa, Ednan K.; Cislak, Dawn; Palcza, John; Feng, Hwa-ping; Messina, Eric J.; Reynders, Tom; Denef, Jean-François; Corcea, Vasile; Lai, Eseng; Stoch, S. Aubrey (January 2023). “Effects of an inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator MK-5475 in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)”Respiratory Medicine206 107065. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107065PMID 36521262.
  2.  Patel, Mahesh J.; Bajwa, Ednan K.; Cislak, Dawn; Palcza, John; Reynders, Tom; Barthson, Jenny; Lai, Eseng; Stoch, S. Aubrey (9 September 2023). “A randomized study to evaluate the effects of single-dose MK-5475 co-administered with sildenafil on systemic hemodynamics”. European Respiratory Journal PA1208. doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.PA1208.
  3.  El-Kersh, Karim; Jalil, Bilal A. (July 2023). “Pulmonary hypertension inhaled therapies: An updated review”. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences366 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2023.03.002PMID 36921672.
  4.  Tawa, Masashi; Okamura, Tomio (August 2022). “Factors influencing the soluble guanylate cyclase heme redox state in blood vessels”Vascular Pharmacology145 107023. doi:10.1016/j.vph.2022.107023PMID 35718342.

/////////frespaciguat, ANAX, ADVECT, guanylate cyclase activator, MK5475, MK 5475, sGC activator 1, 6DXN080KGB

Fosrolapitant


Fosrolapitant

CAS 2573694-38-7

MF C27H29F6N2O8P MW654.5 g/mol

phosphonooxymethyl (5S,8S)-8-[[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]methyl]-2-oxo-8-phenyl-1,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-9-carboxylate

(phosphonooxy)methyl (5S,8S)-8-({(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}methyl)-2-oxo-8-phenyl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate
neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, HR20013, HR 20013, M5QGY92X8B

Fosrolapitant (HR20013) is a novel, intravenous, highly selective neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), particularly for cisplatin-based regimens. As a prodrug, it is rapidly converted to rolapitant, offering a long half-life (~180 h). It is often combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone for high efficacy. 

Fosrolapitant is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-pitant’ in the name indicates that Fosrolapitant is a neurokinin NK1​ (substance P) receptor antagonist. Fosrolapitant has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 654.16 Da.

Key Aspects of Fosrolapitant:

  • Mechanism: Acts as an NK-1 receptor antagonist to prevent nausea/vomiting.
  • Administration: Intravenous (IV) formula, often combined as a fixed-dose with palonosetron (HR20013).
  • Metabolism: Completely converted to rolapitant in the body, which has a prolonged half-life of approximately 180 hours.
  • Clinical Efficacy: In trials (e.g., PROFIT trial), it demonstrated high effectiveness in preventing CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
  • Safety Profile: Common adverse events in trials included constipation (22.7%), increased blood pressure (18.2%), abdominal distension (13.6%), and injection site reactions (9.1%). 

Fosrolapitant is designed to improve convenience and patient compliance in managing acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with cancer treatments. 

HR20013 for Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Moderate Emetic Risk Anticancer Agents

CTID: NCT06554184

Phase: Phase 3

Status: Completed

Date: 2025-11-17

SYN

WO-2020259675-A1

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020259675&_cid=P20-MKT4GS-85082-1

Under N2 protection, compound 3 (1.95 g, 2.543 mmol, 1 eq) dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added to a 100 

mL single-necked flask. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.45 mL, 19.52 mmol, 8 eq) was slowly added under ice water cooling. The mixture was stirred until the reaction was complete, concentrated, and 2.29 g of oil was obtained. After separation and purification, 1.39 g of white foamy solid was obtained, with a yield of 83.5%. 

[0129]

1H-NMR(400MHz,CD 3OD):δ(ppm)7.89(s,2H),7.86(s,1H),7.41-7.27(m,5H),5.66(d,J=12Hz,1H),5.50-5.47(m,1H),4.60(d,J=8Hz,1H),4.20-3.88(m,3H),2.51-2.10(m,5H),1.86-1.66(m,3H),1.44-1.31(m,4H).

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US380158929&_cid=P20-MKT480-75882-1

Example 1

STEP 1

Compound 1 (2.43 g, 4.86 mmol, 1 eq) was weighed and dissolved in dichloromethane (36 mL) in a 100 mL three-necked flask under N atmosphere. Diisopropylethylamine (5 g, 38.76 mmol, 8 eq) was added and the mixture was cooled to −30° C. Trimethylchlorosilane (1.36 g, 12.52 mmol, 2.6 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to −25° C. A solution of chloromethyl chloroformate (0.77 g, 6 mmol, 1.23 eq) in dichloromethane was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred under controlled temperature at −20° C.˜−5° C. until completion of the reaction. The reaction solution was poured into ice water, put to separation, and extracted with dichloromethane. Water and 1 N hydrochloric acid solution were added and put to separation. The organic layer was then successively washed with brine, saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give 3.0 g yellow jelly with a yield of 104%.

Compound 3 (1.95 g, 2.543 mmol, 1 eq) was added into a 100 mL single-necked flask and dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL) under N atmosphere. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.45 mL, 19.52 mmol, 8 eq) was added slowly under ice water cooling. The reaction mixture was stirred until completion of the reaction, and then concentrated to give 2.29 g oil which was then purified purified to give 1.39 g white foamy solid with a yield of 83.5%.
       1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD 3OD): δ(ppm) 7.89 (s, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.27 (m, 5H), 5.66 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H), 5.50-5.47 (m, 1H), 4.60 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 4.20-3.88 (m, 3H), 2.51-2.10 (m, 5H), 1.86-1.66 (m, 3H), 1.44-1.31 (m, 4H).

PAT

str1

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/////fosrolapitant, neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, HR20013, HR 20013, M5QGY92X8B

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