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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D ( ICT, Mumbai) , INDIA 36Yrs Exp. in the feld of Organic Chemistry,Working for AFRICURE PHARMA as ADVISOR earlier with GLENMARK PHARMA at Navi Mumbai, INDIA. Serving chemists around the world. Helping them with websites on Chemistry.Million hits on google, NO ADVERTISEMENTS , ACADEMIC , NON COMMERCIAL SITE, world acclamation from industry, academia, drug authorities for websites, blogs and educational contribution, ........amcrasto@gmail.com..........+91 9323115463, Skype amcrasto64 View Anthony Melvin Crasto Ph.D's profile on LinkedIn Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr.

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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, NIPER-G, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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Dencatistat


Dencatistat

CAS 2377000-84-3

MFC24H27N7O5S MW 525.6 g/mol

4-[2-(cyclopropylsulfonylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[5-(6-ethoxypyrazin-2-yl)-2-pyridinyl]oxane-4-carboxamide

4-[2-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[5-(6-ethoxypyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]oxane-4-carboxamide
CTP synthase 1 inhibitor, antineoplastic, STP 938, CTPS1-IN-2, QG9C9SZZ3T

Dencatistat (formerly known as STP938) is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable cancer drug designed to target specific blood cancers and solid tumours

Dencatistat is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of cytidine triphosphate synthase 1 (CTPS1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, dencatistat targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of CTPS1, thereby decreasing the production of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), an essential building block of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). This may disrupt DNA and RNA synthesis and trigger apoptosis. CTPS1, an enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine synthesis, plays an important and nonredundant role in B-cell and T-cell proliferation. CTPS1 is required for rapid cell division in certain types of cancers that arise from blood cells.

Mechanism of Action

It works by inhibiting CTPS1 (Cytidine Triphosphate Synthase 1), a key enzyme that cancer cells “addicted” to for DNA synthesis.

  • Targeted approach: It aims to kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed by exploiting a “synthetic lethal” dependency in certain tumours.
  • Precision medicine: It is particularly being tested in patients whose tumours lack CTPS2, a backup enzyme, which makes them highly vulnerable to dencatistat.

🏥 Clinical Status

Developed by Step Pharma, the drug is currently in several clinical trials:

  • Lymphoma: Phase 1/2 trials for relapsed or refractory T-cell and B-cell lymphomas.
  • Solid Tumours: Phase 1 studies for patients with solid tumours, specifically ovarian and endometrial cancers.
  • Essential Thrombocythaemia: A Phase 1b trial for this blood disorder was initiated in 2025.
  • Orphan Drug Status: Received FDA Orphan Drug Designation for T-cell lymphoma in May 2025.
  • OriginatorStep Pharma
  • ClassAnti-inflammatories; Antineoplastics; Antirheumatics; Antithrombotics; Small molecules
  • Mechanism of ActionCTPS1 protein inhibitors
  • Orphan Drug StatusYes – T-cell lymphoma
  • Phase I/IIB-cell lymphoma; T-cell lymphoma
  • Phase ISolid tumours; Thrombocytosis
  • PreclinicalGraft-versus-host disease; Inflammation
  • No development reportedRheumatoid arthritis
  • 23 Feb 2026Step Pharma plans phase II trials for Gynaecological cancer
  • 10 Feb 2026Preclinical development in Inflammation is till ongoing in France (PO) (Step Pharma pipeline, February 2026)
  • 15 Oct 2025Adverse event data from a phase I/II trial in T-cell lymphoma/B-cell lymphoma released by Step Pharma

SYN

US20250177394, Compound CTPS1-IA

PAT

PAT

A. Preparation of Active Ingredient

20 Example A1 – Preparation of crude 4-(2-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(5- (6-ethoxypyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

Step 4 – Preparation of crude 4-(2-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(5-(6- ethoxypyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

4-(2-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)pyrimidin-4-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate (1.76 kg, 5.15 mol, 1.00 equiv.) and 5-(6-ethoxypyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine (1.22 kg, 5.65 mol, 1.10 equiv.) were suspended in a mixture of THF (27.1 L, 15.5 rel. vol.) and DMSO (2.63 L, 1.50 rel. vol.) and stirred until the solids were evenly dispersed. The mixture was concentrated by

STP-P3718PCT

102

distillation at atmospheric pressure and approximately 70 oC to a volume of 15 L. The temperature was adjusted to 20 ± 5 oC, potassium tert-butoxide (6.92 kg 20 wt% solution in THF, 12.3 mol, 2.40 equiv.) was added over 1 h and the reaction mixture stirred at 20 ± 5 oC for 70 minutes until completion. THF (880 mL, 0.500 rel vol.) was charged, followed by acetic acid (780 5 mL, 820 g, 13.6 mol, 2.64 equiv.) over 10 minutes, followed by methanol (4.40 L, 2.50 rel. vol.), followed by water (13.2 L, 7.50 rel. vol.) over 35 minutes. The mixture was stirred at 20 ± 5 oC for 15 minutes and then 16 h at 0 ± 5 oC. The resulting suspension was filtered and washed with water (2 × 8.80 L, 2 × 5.00 rel. vol.), followed by methanol (4.40 L, 2.50 rel. vol.) The filter cake was dried at 35 oC under a flow of nitrogen for 20 h to afford crude 4-(2-10 (cyclopropanesulfonamido)pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(5-(6-ethoxypyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-carboxamide (“CTPS1-IA”).

PAT

str1

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References

////////dencatistat, anax lab, CTP synthase 1 inhibitor, antineoplastic, STP 938, CTPS1-IN-2, QG9C9SZZ3T

Delocamten


Delocamten

CAS 2417411-02-8

MFC19H21F2N3O3 MW377.4 g/mol

Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 6-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-, (6S,7S)-

(6S,7S)-6-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3-(oxan-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione

(6S,7S)-6-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3-(oxan-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
cardiac myosin inhibitor, MYK-224; BMS-986435, MYK 224, BMS 986435, IE5886BN8T

Delocamten (development code MYK-224) is a small-molecule cardiac myosin inhibitor developed by Bristol Myers Squibb for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.[1][2][3]

Delocamten is a small molecule drug. Delocamten is under investigation in clinical trial NCT06122779 (Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Drug Levels of BMS-986435/MYK-224 in Participants With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)). Delocamten has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 377.16 Da.

SYN

Example 1-3: Preparation of (6S,7S)-6-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-dione (3)

  Step 7. Synthesis of (6S,7S)-6-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-dione (3). A mixture of crude 3G (1.0 g, 2.53 mmol) in CH 3CN (15 mL) was put into a microwave reactor with stirring at 120° C. for 30 min. Subsequently, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (column: C18 silica gel; mobile phase: CH3CN:H 2O=20:80 (v v) increasing to CH3CN:H 2O=80:20 (v v) within 40 min; detector: UV 254 nm) to give compound 3 (302 mg, 32%), as a white solid, which was identified as Form 1 polymorph (see Example 2). LC-MS (ES, m/z): 378 [M+H] +1H NMR (300 MHz, d-DMSO): δ 10.20 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.05 (m, 3H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 5.11-4.81 (m, 3H), 3.89 (dd, J=10.8, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 3.34-3.27 (m, 3H), 2.76-2.48 (m, 4H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.39-1.36 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, d 6-DMSO): δ −123.51 (t, J=86.5 Hz), −191.57 (d, J=129.34 Hz).

PAT

Example 1-3: Preparation of (6S,7S)-6-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-dione (3).

Scheme 3

[0165] Step 1. Synthesis of (R,E)-N-(2-fluoro-5-methylbenzylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (3B). The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with ether (150 mL). Subsequently, the resulting suspension was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was dried in vacuo to give 3B (8.7 g, 97%) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (ES, m/z): 242 [M+H] + ; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, d 6 -DMSO): d 8.87 (s, 1H), 7.76 (m, 1H), 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 2.37 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H).

[0166] Step 2. Synthesis of ethyl (2R,3S)-3-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)amino)-2-fluoro-3-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)propanoate (3C). To a solution of 3B (4 g, 16.6 mmol), ethyl 2- fluoroacetate (2.6 g, 24.6 mmol), and TMEDA (4.8 mL) in anhydrous THF (40 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M in THF, 24.6 mL, 24.6 mmol) dropwise at -78 o C over 30 min under an atmosphere of Ar. After stirring at -78 o C for 1 h, the reaction was quenched by adding 1 N aq.

HCl (50 mL), while maintaining the inner temperature of the mixture at < -20 o C. Subsequently, the mixture was concentrated to remove most of the organic solvent and then extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The solvent was removed and the residue was dried in vacuo to give crude 3C (6.0 g) as a yellow oil, which was used for the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ES, m/z): 348 [M+H] + .

[0167] Step 3. Synthesis of (2R,3S)-3-(((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)amino)-2-fluoro-3-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)propanoic acid (3D). To a solution of 3C (6.0 g, 17.3 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added 1N aq. NaOH (34.6 mL, 34.6 mmol) at rt. After stirring at rt for 1 h, the reaction mixture was added ice water (50 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 2). The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 5 with sat. aq. citric acid, followed by extraction with EtOAc (100 mL x 3). Subsequently, the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 . The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: LC-MS (ES, m/z): 320 [M+H] + ; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, d 6 -DMSO): d 13.57 (br, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J = 7.5, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.23– 6.94 (m, 2H), 6.04 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.37– 4.86 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.12 (s, 9H).

[0168] Step 4. Synthesis of (R)-N-((1S,2R)-2-fluoro-1-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-3- (2,4,6-trioxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)hexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)propyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (3E). A solution of 3D (700 mg, 2.19 mmol), 2-2 (698 mg, 3.29 mmol), and HATU (1.25 g, 3.29 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added DIEA (849 mg, 6.57 mmol) at 0 o C under an atmosphere of Ar. aq. sodium bicarbonate (30 mL) and the resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x3). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL x 2) and dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 . The solvent was removed and the residue was dried in vacuo to give crude 3E (1.3 g) as a white solid, which was used for the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ES, m/z): 514 [M+H] + ; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, d 6 -DMSO): d 12.16 (br, 1H), 7.66– 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.23– 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.37 (m, 1H), 6.13 (d, J = 10.7 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (m, 1H), 4.79 (m, 1H), 3.94 (m, 2H), 3.35 (t, J = 11.7 Hz, 2H), 2.52– 2.39 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.49 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 2H), 1.04 (s, 9H).

[0169] Step 5. Synthesis of (R)-N-((1S,2S)-2-fluoro-1-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3-(2,4,6- trioxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)hexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)propyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (3F). A solution of crude 3E (1.3 g, 2.53 mmol) in AcOH (10 mL) was added NaBH3CN (398 mg, 6.33 mmol) at 0 o C under an atmosphere of Ar. After stirring at rt for 1 h, the reaction mixture was added ice water (20 mL) and the resulting solution was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3). Next, the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) and

dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The solvent was removed and the residue was dried in vacuo to give crude 3F (1.3 g) as a white solid, which was used for the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ES, m/z): 500 [M+H] + ; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, d 6 -DMSO): d 11.31 (d, J = 28.1 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.27– 6.84 (m, 2H), 6.11– 5.78 (m, 2H), 5.08– 4.43 (m, 3H), 3.87 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.99 (s, 1H), 1.53– 1.28 (m, 2H), 1.10 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 10H).

[0170] Step 6. Synthesis of 5-((2S,3S)-3-amino-2-fluoro-3-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)propyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrimidine-2, 4, 6 (1H, 3H, 5H)-trione (3G). A solution of crude 3F (1.3 g, 2.60 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added thionyl chloride (334 mg) at 0 o C. After stirring at rt for 1 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was dried in vacuo to give crude 3G (1.0 g) as a white solid, which was used for the next step without further purification. LC-MS (ES, m/z): 396 [M+H] + .

[0171] Step 7. Synthesis of (6S,7S)-6-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-dione (3). A mixture of crude 3G (1.0 g, 2.53 mmol) in CH 3 CN (15 mL) was put into a microwave reactor with stirring at 120 o C for 30 min. Subsequently, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (column: C18 silica gel; mobile phase: CH3CN:H2O = 20:80 (v/v) increasing to CH3CN:H2O = 80:20 (v/v) within 40 min; detector: UV 254 nm) to give compound 3 (302 mg, 32%), as a white solid, which was identified as Form 1 polymorph (see Example 2). LC-MS (ES, m/z): 378 [M+H] + ; 1 H NMR (300 MHz, d 6 -DMSO): d 10.20 (s, 1H), 7.38– 7.05 (m, 3H), 6.45 (s,1H), 5.11– 4.81 (m, 3H), 3.89 (dd, J = 10.8, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 3.34– 3.27 (m, 3H), 2.76–2.48 (m, 4H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.39–1.36 (m, 2H); 19 F NMR (376 MHz, d 6 -DMSO): d -123.51 (t, J = 86.5 Hz), -191.57 (d, J = 129.34 Hz).

PAT

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References

References

  1.  Lehman, Sarah J.; Crocini, Claudia; Leinwand, Leslie A. (June 2022). “Targeting the sarcomere in inherited cardiomyopathies”Nature Reviews Cardiology19 (6): 353–363. doi:10.1038/s41569-022-00682-0ISSN 1759-5010PMC 9119933PMID 35304599.
  2.  Sebastian, Sneha Annie; Padda, Inderbir; Lehr, Eric J.; Johal, Gurpreet (September 2023). “Aficamten: A Breakthrough Therapy for Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy”. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs23 (5): 519–532. doi:10.1007/s40256-023-00599-0PMID 37526885S2CID 260348901.
  3.  Packard, Elizabeth; de Feria, Alejandro; Peshin, Supriya; Reza, Nosheen; Owens, Anjali Tiku (December 2022). “Contemporary Therapies and Future Directions in the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy”Cardiology and Therapy11 (4): 491–507. doi:10.1007/s40119-022-00283-5PMC 9652179PMID 36243823.

////////delocamten, ANAX LAB, cardiac myosin inhibitor, MYK-224; BMS-986435, MYK 224, BMS 986435, IE5886BN8T

Darlifarnib


Darlifarnib

CAS 2939824-30-1

MF C29H20N6O MW 468.51

14-amino-14-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)-7-oxa-19-azapentacyclo[13.6.2.12,6.19,13.018,22]pentacosa-1(22),2(25),3,5,9,11,13(24),15(23),16,18,20-undecaene-10,20-dicarbonitrile


farnesyl transferase inhibitor, antineoplastic, KO-2806, KO 2806, T206317

Darlifarnib (KO-2806) is an investigational, orally active next-generation farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) being developed by Kura Oncology to treat solid tumors, such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It inhibits the enzyme farnesyl transferase, blocking KRAS and mTORC1 signaling to induce tumor regression. It is often combined with other agents to overcome resistance. 

Key Details About Darlifarnib

  • Mechanism of Action: As a FTI, darlifarnib binds to and inhibits farnesyl transferase, which prevents the activation of RAS oncogenes and inhibits downstream mTORC1 signaling, leading to tumor cell death.
  • Target Indications: Preclinical and early clinical data show potential in treating KRAS-mutant cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
  • Combination Therapy: Data from the Phase 1 FIT-001 trial (presented in April 2026) showed that combining darlifarnib with the TKI cabozantinib demonstrated robust activity in patients with pretreated, advanced ccRCC.
  • Overcoming Resistance: Darlifarnib is designed to re-sensitize tumors that have become resistant to prior therapies, such as RAS inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
  • Status: It is an investigational drug and not yet FDA-approved. 
  • OriginatorKura Oncology
  • ClassAntineoplastics; Small molecules
  • Mechanism of ActionFarnesyltranstransferase inhibitors
  • Phase IAdenocarcinoma; Colorectal cancer; Non-small cell lung cancer; Renal cell carcinoma; Solid tumours
  • 12 Jan 2026Kura Oncology plans the one or more expansion cohorts of KO 2806 and cabozantinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in the first half of 2026
  • 22 Oct 2025Pharmacodynamics data from a preclinical trial in Cancer presented at the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics 2025 (AACR-NCI-EORTC-2025)
  • 18 Oct 2025Adverse events and efficacy data from a phase I trial in Non-small cell lung cancer, Renal cell carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma released by Kura Oncology

PAT

PAT

Step A: Preparation of (058-1)

      Compound 054 (1.2 g, 2.61 mmol) was mixed with POCl3 (19.80 g, 129.13 mmol, 12.00 mL) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated. To the residue was added NaOH (1 M in H 2O, 100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (200 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined filtrates were concentrated. The crude product was blended with another batch prepared from 0.5 g of 054. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (MeOH in DCM=0 to 10%) to give 058-1 (1.3 g, 2.71 mmol, 73.35% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS R t=1.79 min in 3.0 min chromatography, 10-80 CD, ESI calcd. for C 2820ClN 4[M+H] + 479.1, found 479.1.

Step B: Preparation of (058-2)

      To a solution of 058-1 (1.2 g, 2.51 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added Zn(CN)2 (2.69 g, 22.91 mmol, 1.45 mL) and Pd(PPh3)4 (579.07 mg, 501.12 μmol) in a three-neck bottom flask at 25° C. under N 2. The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h. The mixture was cooled to 25° C. and added into water (50 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL×2). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (MeOH in DCM=0 to 3%) to give 058-2 (900 mg, 1.92 mmol, 76.51% yield) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ=8.33-8.22 (m, 2H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.02 (m, 5H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H).

Step C: Preparation of (rac)-3-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-6-oxa-2(4,6)-quinolina-1,4(1,3)-dibenzenacyclohexaphane-22,44-dicarbonitrile (rac-058)

      To a solution of 058-2 (800 mg, 1.70 mmol) in DMI (8 mL) was added SOCl2 (1.01 g, 8.52 mmol, 618.05 μL). The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 1 h. To NH in MeOH (7 M, 100 mL) was added the above mixture at −10° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was poured into H 2O (100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (150 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined filtrates were concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (MeOH in DCM=0 to 8%) to give rac-058 (550 mg, 1.17 mmol, 68.89% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS R t=1.71 min in 3.0 min chromatography, 10-80CD, ESI calcd. for C 29216O [M+H] + 469.2, found 469.2.

Step D: Preparation of (S)-3-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-6-oxa-2(4,6)-quinolina-1,4(1,3)-dibenzenacyclohexaphane-22,44-dicarbonitrile ((S)-058)

      rac-058 (500 mg, 1.07 mmol) was purified by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK AD (250 mm×30 mm, 10 μm); mobile phase: [0.1% NH 32O EtOH]; B %: 45%-45%) to give (S)-058 (229.5 mg, 489.85 μmol, 45.90% yield) as an off-white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ=8.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.19 (m, 4H), 7.18-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.64-5.45 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 3.18 (s, 2H). LCMS R t=1.68 min in 3.0 min chromatography, 10-80CD, ESI calcd. for C 29216O [M+H] + 469.2, found 469.2. HPLC R t=3.03 min in 8 min chromatography, 220 nm, purity 100%. Chiral HPLC (S)-058: R t=2.44 min in 4 min (ee 99.54%) (AD_ETOH_DEA_5_40_4ML_4MIN_5CM), ((R)-058: R t=1.93 min (ee 99.44%)).

PAT

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References

/////////////darlifarnib, ANAX LAB, farnesyl transferase inhibitor, antineoplastic, KO-2806, KO 2806, T206317

Daraxonrasib


Daraxonrasib

CAS 2765081-21-6

MFC44H58N8O5S MW811.0 g/mol

trans-(1S,2S)-N-[(7S,13S)-21-ethyl-20-[2-[(1S)-1-methoxyethyl]-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-pyridinyl]-17,17-dimethyl-8,14-dioxo-15-oxa-4-thia-9,21,27,28-tetrazapentacyclo[17.5.2.12,5.19,13.022,26]octacosa-1(25),2,5(28),19,22(26),23-hexaen-7-yl]-2-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog inhibitor, antineoplastic, RMC-6236, RMC 6236, B6T47Y2UAP, RAS-IN-2,

Daraxonrasib (formerly RMC-6236) is an investigational, orally administered “molecular glue” RAS inhibitor developed by Revolution Medicines for treating advanced solid tumors with RAS mutations, particularly metastatic pancreatic cancer. April 2026 Phase 3 trials showed it significantly improves survival, demonstrating high potential as a first-line treatment. 

Key Clinical Findings and Updates (as of April 2026):

  • Mechanism: It acts as a RAS(ON) inhibitor, targeting mutated and wild-type RAS proteins () to disrupt cancer signaling.
  • Breakthrough Results: Data from the RASolute 302 trial showed a substantial survival benefit in patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
  • High Response Rates: In trials, daraxonrasib combined with chemotherapy showed a 58% confirmed objective response rate (ORR) and 84% progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months in untreated RAS-mutant metastatic pancreatic cancer.
  • Safety Profile: Generally well-tolerated, with side effects including rash, diarrhea, stomatitis, and nausea.
  • Recognition: Named the “2025 Molecule of the Year” by Drug Hunter for its, novel mechanism and clinical potential. 

Daraxonrasib is currently being studied in the Phase 3 RASolute 303 trial for first-line treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) is a RAS inhibitor drug. It is undergoing testing by Revolution Medicines to treat advanced solid tumors with RAS mutations, especially metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) containing KRAS G12X mutations.[1] It received a breakthrough therapy designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[2]

Daraxonrasib is orally active and multi-selective RAS inhibitor. It uses a tri-complex mechanism to target the active, GTP-bound form of RAS proteins, including mutant and wild-type forms. Unlike conventional RAS inhibitors, it first binds to the chaperone-like protein cyclophilin A to form a complex, which then attaches to active RAS. This interaction blocks downstream effector binding and inhibits oncogenic signaling.[3]

In 2026, Daraxonrasib clinical trial completed a phase 3 clinical trial (RASolute 302) to assess efficacy compared to standard-of-care chemotherapy.[4] The trial met all primary and key secondary endpoints, including progression-free survival (PFS). The company reported median survival of 13.2 months with daraxonrasib vs. 6.7 months with standard chemotherapy. The hazard ratio for death was 0.40 (a 60% reduction in risk of death; p < 0.0001). Daraxonrasib was generally well tolerated with a manageable safety profile and no new safety signals.[5]

PAT

PAT

PATENT ATTORNEY DOCKET: 51432-038WO2 Part 4 – Purification of Compound A – (1S,2S)-N-[(7S,13S)-21-ethyl-20-{2-[(1S)-1- methoxyethyl]-5-(4-

1.0equiv) at 25°C. The resulting suspension was stirred until solids were completely dissolved. The resulting methanol solution was filtered through microporous filter and transferred to another reactor. Then the reactor temperature was maintained at 25°C and slowly water (2.41kg, 1.0 V) water was added over a period of 30 minutes. The resulting cloudy solution was stirred for another 30 minutes at 25°C. Then a solution of methanol and water (3.42kg, 1:2, v/v) slowly over 1 hour. The resulting suspension was stirred for 2 hours at 25°C. Again, to the suspension additional water (2.48kg) slowly added over 1 hour. The final, suspension was stirred for additional 1 hour. Water (9.29kg, 3.75 V) was added to the suspension slowly over 2 hours and the mixture was stirred for at least for 16 hours at 25°C. The resulting suspension was filtered and washed with mixed solvent water: MeOH (3:2, v/v) twice (2x 2.2 kg), followed by water (4.91kg) washing. The wet cake was dried under reduced pressure and controlled humidity (temperature: 25 ± 5 ˚C, vacuum ≥ -0.085 MPa, humidity: 10%~20%) for 37 hours to afford Compound A as a white solid (2.68 kg, 99.4% a/a purity, 93.0% w/w assay, KF: 6.7%, 3.07 mol, 92% yield, Table 27).

PAT

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References

References

  1.  Cregg J, Edwards AV, Chang S, Lee BJ, Knox JE, Tomlinson AC, et al. (March 2025). “Discovery of Daraxonrasib (RMC-6236), a Potent and Orally Bioavailable RAS(ON) Multi-selective, Noncovalent Tri-complex Inhibitor for the Treatment of Patients with Multiple RAS-Addicted Cancers”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry68 (6): 6064–6083. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02314PMID 40056080.
  2.  Sava J (July 1, 2025). “Daraxonrasib Earns FDA Breakthrough Status in Pancreatic Cancer”Targeted Oncology. Retrieved October 12, 2025.
  3.  Jiang J, Jiang L, Maldonato BJ, Wang Y, Holderfield M, Aronchik I, et al. (June 2024). “Translational and Therapeutic Evaluation of RAS-GTP Inhibition by RMC-6236 in RAS-Driven Cancers”Cancer Discovery14 (6): 994–1017. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-24-0027PMC 11149917PMID 38593348.
  4.  Clinical trial number NCT05379985 at ClinicalTrials.gov
  5.  Mast J (2026-04-13). “Revolution Medicines touts ‘unprecedented’ data for pancreatic cancer pill”STAT. Retrieved 2026-04-13.
Clinical data
Other namesRMC-6236
Identifiers
IUPAC name
CAS Number2765081-21-6
PubChem CID164726578
IUPHAR/BPS13368
ChemSpider115275938
UNIIB6T47Y2UAP
KEGGD13265
ChEBICHEBI:746946
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC44H58N8O5S
Molar mass811.06 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
SMILES
InChI

//////////daraxonrasib, anax labs, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog inhibitor, antineoplastic, RMC-6236, RMC 6236, B6T47Y2UAP, RAS-IN-2,

Danifexor


Danifexor

CAS 2648738-68-3

MF C29H20Cl2N2O5 MW547.386

6-[6-[[5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]methoxy]naphthalen-2-yl]oxypyridine-3-carboxylic acid

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 6-[[6-[[5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]methoxy]-2-naphthalenyl]oxy]-

farnesoid X receptor agonist, TUU8G1CX9O, HEC 96719, ASC42 

Danifexor is an investigational drug that acts as a potent and selective agonist for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). It was primarily being developed for the treatment of liver diseases such as Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC). ProbeChem +1

However, recent reports from April 2024 indicate that development for Danifexor has been discontinued because it was deemed non-competitive against other emerging therapies for PBC. 

Key Properties and Identifiers

Danifexor is a non-steroidal molecule with specific chemical markers used in laboratory research:

  • Target: Farnesoid X receptor (FXR).

Therapeutic Context

The drug was designed to target the FXR pathway, which regulates bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. 

  • Primary Goal: Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), a chronic liver disease.
  • Mechanism: As an agonist, it binds to and activates FXR to help reduce the toxic buildup of bile acids in the liver.

SYN

Example 1

Preparation of 6-((6-((5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl) methoxy)naphthalen-2-yl)oxy)nicotinic acid (Compound 1)

(a) Referring to the following reaction equation (Route A), Compound 1A-1 (1.0 g, 2.88 mmol, 1 eq.), Compound 1A-2 (0.46 g, 2.88 mmol, 1 eq.) and cesium carbonate (1.88 g, 5.76 mmol, 2 eq.) were dissolved in DMF (10 ml). The reaction was carried out at 65° C. for 2 h. After cooling, 10 ml water and 10 ml EA (ethyl acetate) were added for extraction, and the organic phase was washed with water and concentrated to dryness to give Compound 1A, 6-((5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl)methoxy)naphthalen-2-ol, 0.8 g, yield: 65.0%. LCMS (ESI): calculated for C 231712NO 3; [M+H] +: 426.1, found: 426.1.

b) Referring to the following reaction equation, Compound 1A (0.2 g, 0.47 mmol, 1 eq.), 6-bromonicotinic acid methyl ester (0.1 g, 0.47 mmol, 1 eq.) and cesium carbonate (0.306 g, 0.94 mmol, 2 eq.) were dissolved in DMF (10 ml). The reaction was carried out at 65° C. for 2 h. After cooling, 10 ml water and 10 ml EA were added for extraction, and the organic phase was washed with water and concentrated to dryness to give Compound 1B, methyl 6((6((5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl)methoxy)naphthalene-2-yl)oxy)nicotinate, 0.21 g, yield: 80.0%. LCMS (ESI): calculated for C 30221225; [M+H] +: 561.1, found: 561.1.

  (c) Referring to the following reaction equation, compound 1B (100 mg) was dissolved in methanol (2 ml), then 10% NaOH aqueous solution (1 ml) was added, the temperature was raised to 60° C., and the reaction was carried out for 1 h. The pH of the reaction solution was adjusted to 2 to 4 by adding 1N HCl solution, and 10 ml EA (ethyl acetate) was added for extraction. The organic phase was concentrated and purified on a column (PE/EA/AcOH=1/1/01 elution, wherein PE is petroleum ether) to give the title compound 1 (36 mg, yield: 37.0%).
       1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=8.8, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 2.57-2.50 (m, 1H), 1.19-1.11 (m, 4H). LCMS (ESI): calculated for C 2920Cl 225; [M+H] +: 547.1, found: 547.1. 13C NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ7.79, 8.87, 8.87, 59.31, 107.74, 110.05, 110.97, 117.64, 119.43, 122.52, 127.55, 128.64, 128.89, 128.89, 129.18, 129.67, 131.73, 131.79, 132.94, 135.10, 135.10, 141.20, 149.11, 150.73, 155.79, 159.68, 163.82, 167.81, 172.61. IR (cm −1): major stretches at 1591.94 (C═O stretch), 1412.27, 1556.70 (C—C stretch), 1364.37, 1389.89 (C—H deformation), 1218.41, 1250.94 (C═N stretch), 791.88 (C—Cl stretch).

PAT

PAT

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References

////////danifexor, ANAX LAB, farnesoid X receptor agonist, TUU8G1CX9O, HEC 96719, ASC42

Dabogratinib


Dabogratinib

CAS 2800223-30-5

MF C25H24Cl2N6O3S, 559.5 g/mol

5-[(1R)-1-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)ethoxy]-3-[6-(2-methylsulfonyl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)-3-pyridinyl]-1H-indazole

(R)-5-(1-(3,5-Dichloropyridin-4-yl)ethoxy)-3-(6-(6-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indazole

[6-(5-{5-[(1R)-1-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)ethoxy]-1H-indazol-3-yl}pyridin-2-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl](methyl)-λ6sulfanedioneTYRA-300
fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor, antineoplastic, TYRA-300, TYRA 300, A1AV2, FH245S2JZJ

Dabogratinib (TYRA-300) is an orally active, highly selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), designed to treat cancers with FGFR3 alterations and genetic diseases like achondroplasia. It shows potent tumor growth inhibition in preclinical studies and early phase I/II (SURF301) clinical activity against advanced bladder cancer and metastatic urothelial carcinoma. 

Key Aspects of Dabogratinib (TYRA-300)

  • Mechanism: It acts as a selective inhibitor of FGFR3 with a high selectivity over other isoforms (FGFR1/2/4), which helps minimize toxicity.
  • Target Indications: It is being developed for FGFR3-mutant cancers, including non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and metastatic urothelial carcinoma, as well as pediatric achondroplasia.
  • Preclinical Performance: Studies showed that it reduces tumor growth and drives tumor regression, especially in xenograft models with FGFR3-activating mutations (e.g., S249C).
  • Clinical Trials:
    • SURF301 (Phase I/II): Ongoing study, Tyra Biosciences reported early efficacy in patients with advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) harboring FGFR3 mutations/fusions.
    • SURF302 (Phase II): Evaluating the drug in patients with FGFR3-altered, low-grade, intermediate-risk non–muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
    • BEACH301 (Phase II): Studying the drug in children with achondroplasia, as it is designed to increase long-bone growth.
  • Properties: It is an orally bioavailable molecule with an IC50 of  for FGFR3. 

Dabogratinib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, dabogratinib specifically targets and binds to certain FGFR3 activating gene alterations, and specifically the gatekeeper mutants V555L/M. This blocks FGFR3-mediated signaling and leads to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in FGFR3-overexpressing cells. FGFR3, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is involved in angiogenesis and in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of tumor cells. FGFR3 expression is associated with poor prognosis. It is overexpressed by certain tumor cell types.

  • Efficacy and Safety of TYRA-300 in Participants With FGFR3 Altered Low Grade, Intermediate Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder CancerCTID: NCT06995677Phase: Phase 2Status: RecruitingDate: 2026-04-09
  • A Study of TYRA-300 in Children With Achondroplasia: BEACH301CTID: NCT06842355Phase: Phase 2Status: RecruitingDate: 2026-03-06
  • Safety and Preliminary Anti-Tumor Activity of TYRA-300 in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors With FGFR3 Gene AlterationsCTID: NCT05544552Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2026-01-12

PAT

Example 46. 5-[(1R)-1-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl)ethoxy]-3-[6-(2-methylsulfonyl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)-3-pyridyl]-1H-indazole

 (5-[(1R)-1-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl)ethoxy]-3-[6-(2-methylsulfonyl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)-3-pyridyl]-1H-indazole. Triethylamine (20.5 uL, 0.148 mmol, 1.2 equiv) and methylsulfonyl chloride (9.5 uL, 0.123 mmol, 1.0 equiv) were sequentially added at room temperature to a solution of example 45 (59.0 mg, 0.123 mmol, 1 equiv) in anhydrous THE (3 mL). After stirring for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and diluted with saturated brine (30 mL) and dichloromethane (30 mL). The layers were separated. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure on to Celite (1 g). The product was purified on an Interchim automated chromatography system (RediSep Rf Gold HP C18, 15.5 g cartridge), eluting with a gradient of 0 to 100% acetonitrile in water. The fractions containing product were collected and lyophilized to give a white solid (45.0 mg, 65% yield). Analysis: LCMS: m/z=559.2 (M+H); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.02 (br s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 2H), 8.52 (dd, J=0.6, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J=2.4, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=2.3, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (dd, J=0.4, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (s, 4H), 4.12 (s, 4H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 1.76 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H).

PAT

ADVT

ANAX LABORATORIES

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References

Discovery of TYRA-300: First Oral Selective FGFR3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Urothelial Cancers and Achondroplasia

Publication Name: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Publication Date: 2024-09-11

PMID: 39258897

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01531

////////dabogratinib, anax lab, fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor, antineoplastic, TYRA-300, TYRA 300, A1AV2, FH245S2JZJ

Colfosceril miristate


Colfosceril miristate

CAS 18194-24-6

MF C36H72NO8P MW677.9325

1,2 Dimyristoyl glycero 3 phosphorylcholine

(2R)-2,3-bis(tetradecanoyloxy)propyl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
surfactant replacement, DIMYRISTOYL LECITHIN, Dimyristoyllecithin, DMCP, DMPC

Colfosceril miristate (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid commonly used in research to study lipid bilayers, liposomes, and drug delivery systems. It serves as a model membrane system due to its phase transition properties and has shown potential in enhancing nanoparticle uptake and acting as a drug stabilizer. 

Key Aspects of Colfosceril Miristate (DMPC):

  • Scientific Application: Primarily used in laboratory research for studying lipid monolayers and bilayers.
  • Drug Delivery: Employed in the creation of liposomes for drug delivery applications.
  • Biological Activity: Exhibits antiproliferative effects on various tumor cell lines and can increase the cellular uptake of nanoparticles.
  • Characteristics: It is a synthetic phospholipid, frequently studied for its phase transition temperature (approx. ).
  • Storage: Should be stored at  or  to maintain stability. 

Important Distinction:
It is crucial not to confuse Colfosceril miristate (DMPC) with Colfosceril palmitate (DPPC). Colfosceril palmitate is a different synthetic surfactant historically used in medicine to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

1,2-DIMYRISTOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE (dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes. DMPC is a frequently studied artificial lipid because it undergoes a phase transition at a convenient temperature. Upon cooling below 23.6°C it undergoes a transition from the liquid crystalline phase to the solid rippled phase, characterized by periodic corrugations of the bilayer.

Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine is a phosphatidylcholine, a kind of phospholipid. Along with other lipids, it can be used to prepare liposomes.[1]

PAT

US5798091

PAT

Compositions of Phosphorylated Tau Peptides and Uses Thereof

Publication Number: US-2025326806-A1

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Names
Systematic IUPAC name(2R)-2,3-Bis(tetradecanoyloxy)propyl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
Other names1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-ditetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DMPC, 14:0 PC
Identifiers
CAS Number18194-24-6
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
ChEBICHEBI:45240
ChEMBLChEMBL1235508
ChemSpider4573168
ECHA InfoCard100.038.245 
EC Number242-085-9
PubChem CID5459377
UNII52QK2NZ2T0
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID00860227 
InChI
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formulaC36H72NO8P
Molar mass677.945 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Infobox references

References

  1.  Liposomal drug delivery system from laboratory to clinic, N. A. Kshirsagar, S. K. Pandya, G. B. Kirodian, S. Sanath, Journal of Postgraduate Medicine51 (#5) (2005), pp. 5-15, PMID 16519249.

//////////colfosceril miristate, ANAX LAB, surfactant replacement, DIMYRISTOYL LECITHIN, Dimyristoyllecithin, DMCP, DMPC

Claturafenib


Claturafenib

CAS 2754408-94-9

MF C18H15Cl2F2N5O3S MW490.3 g/mol

N-[2-chloro-3-[(5-chloro-3-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-6-yl)amino]-4-fluorophenyl]-3-fluoroazetidine-1-sulfonamide

N-{2-chloro-3-[(5-chloro-3-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)amino]-4-fluorophenyl}-3-fluoroazetidine-1-sulfonamide
B-Raf (BRAF) inhibitor, antineoplastic, PF-07799933, PF 07799933, ARRY440, ARRY 440, PC35M52J8T

Claturafenib (development code PF-07799933) is an investigational cancer drug currently being developed by Pfizer. It is a selective, orally active pan-mutant BRAF inhibitor designed to treat advanced solid tumours with specific genetic alterations

Mechanism of Action

Claturafenib belongs to a class of drugs that target the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, which is often hijacked by cancer cells to promote uncontrolled growth. 

  • Pan-Mutant Inhibition: Unlike first-generation BRAF inhibitors, claturafenib inhibits multiple classes of BRAF mutations, including Class 1 (V600), Class 2, and Class 3 alterations.
  • Brain-Penetrant: It is designed to cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to potentially treat brain metastases or primary brain tumours.
  • Dimer Disruption: It works by disrupting the formation of BRAF-containing dimers, which are responsible for signaling in many resistant or non-V600 mutant cancers.
  • Selectivity: It is highly selective for mutant BRAF, significantly sparing normal (wild-type) cells to reduce off-target side effects. 

🏥 Clinical Status

As of April 2026, claturafenib is in Phase 1 clinical trials

  • Target Indications: Advanced solid malignancies, including melanomacolorectal cancer (CRC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • Combination Therapy: It is being studied both as a single agent (monotherapy) and in combination with other drugs like binimetinib (a MEK inhibitor) or cetuximab (an EGFR inhibitor).
  • Ongoing Study: Clinical trial NCT05355701 is currently evaluating its safety, dosage, and efficacy in patients whose disease has progressed on other treatments. 
  • A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-07799933 in People With Advanced Solid Tumors With BRAF Alterations.CTID: NCT05355701Phase: Phase 1Status: RecruitingDate: 2026-03-27
  • A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-07799544 as Monotherapy or in Combination in People With Advanced Solid TumorsCTID: NCT05538130Phase: Phase 1Status: RecruitingDate: 2026-03-27

 Claturafenib is an orally bioavailable class 1 and 2 inhibitor of the serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) protein, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, claturafenib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of class 1 and 2 BRAF alterations. This inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells which express these BRAF alterations. BRAF, a member of the raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases, plays a role in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, which may be constitutively activated due to BRAF gene mutations. Mutated forms and fusions of BRAF are associated with a number of neoplastic diseases.

Property Value
Molecular Formula
Molecular Weight490.31 g/mol
CAS Number2754408-94-9
Other NamesARRY-440, PF07799933

📍 Note: Claturafenib is an investigational compound and has not yet been approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies for general use

SYN

US12303509,

Example 126

SYN

Example 126

N-(2-chloro-3-((5-chloro-3-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)amino)-4-fluorophenyl)-3-fluoroazetidine-1-sulfonamide

      A solution of 6-amino-5-chloro-3-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (90 mg, 0.42 mmol), tert-butyl (2-chloro-4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)((3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)carbamate (218 mg, 0.429 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (39 mg, 0.042 mmol), Xantphos (62 mg, 0.10 mmol), and cesium carbonate (279 mg, 0.858 mmol) in toluene (2860 μL) was sparged with argon and heated to 110° C. overnight in a sealed vial. The solution was filtered through Celite®, concentrated, and the residue was stirred in 1 mL of DCM and 1 mL of TFA for 1 hour. The solution was concentrated and purified by reverse-phase chromatography (5-95% MeCN/water, 0.1% TFA) and the product was partitioned between DCM and saturated NaHCO 3. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2SO 4, filtered, and concentrated to give N-(2-chloro-3-((5-chloro-3-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)amino)-4-fluorophenyl)-3-fluoroazetidine-1-sulfonamide (78 mg, 37% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.19-7.14 (t, 1H), 6.99-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.72 (s, br, 1H), 6.47 (s, br, 1H), 5.35-5.15 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.10 (m, 4H), 3.57 (s, 3H); MS (apci, m/z)=490.1, 492.1 (M+H).

PAT

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References

////////claturafenib, ANAX, B-Raf (BRAF) inhibitor, antineoplastic, PF-07799933, PF 07799933, ARRY440, ARRY 440, PC35M52J8T

Cirtociclib


Cirtociclib

CAS 2888704-84-3

MF C15H17F2N7O2 MW365.34 g/mol

N-[3-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1-(oxan-4-ylmethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-6-amine

N-[5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-1-[(oxan-4-yl)methyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-6-amine
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, antineoplastic, BLU-222, BLU 222, BLU 170298, U93X72ED47, CDK2 Inhibitor BLU-222

Cirtociclib (also known as BLU-222) is an investigational drug that acts as a highly selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). It is being developed by Blueprint Therapeutics for the treatment of advanced solid tumours, particularly those with genetic drivers like CCNE1 amplification, which are common in certain ovarian and breast cancers

Certociclib is a small molecule drug. Certociclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05252416 ((VELA) Study of BLU-222 in Advanced Solid Tumors). Certociclib has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 365.14 Da.

Certociclib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, certociclib selectively targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK2. This may lead to cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. CDK2, a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation, is overexpressed in certain tumor cells.

How It Works

  • Targeting CDK2: It binds to CDK2, a protein that regulates the cell cycle.
  • Cell Cycle Arrest: By inhibiting CDK2, the drug causes G1 arrest, preventing cancer cells from replicating.
  • Selectivity: It is designed to be “best-in-class” for its high selectivity for CDK2 over other kinases like CDK1, CDK4, or CDK6. 

Therapeutic Potential

  • Ovarian Cancer: Specifically targets high-grade serous ovarian cancer where CCNE1 is amplified.
  • Breast Cancer: Shows promise in treating hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer, especially when the cancer has become resistant to existing CDK4/6 inhibitors.
  • Combination Therapy: Researchers are testing it alongside other drugs, such as palbociclib, ribociclib, or chemotherapy agents like carboplatin, to enhance efficacy. 

Current Status

  • Clinical Trials: It is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial known as the VELA study (NCT05252416) for patients with advanced solid tumours.
  • Research Status: It is not yet approved for general medical use and is primarily available for research and clinical trial participants. 

(VELA) Study of BLU-222 in Advanced Solid Tumors

CTID: NCT05252416

Phase: Phase 1

Status: Terminated

Date: 2025-11-28

🌟 Key Point: Cirtociclib represents a new generation of precision medicine aimed at overcoming resistance to standard cancer therapies by specifically targeting the CDK2 pathway

PAT

The structure of one CDK2 inhibitor, referred to herein as “a compound of formula (I)” or N-(5-(difluoromethoxy)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-l-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-6-amine is shown below:

PAT

Example 2

N-(5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-6-amine

  A mixture of 6-chloro-1-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine (Preparation 87, 780 mg, 3.09 mmol), 5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine (554 mg, 3.72 mmol), tBuXphos Pd G3 (150 mg, 0.19 mmol) and KOAc (892 mg, 9.08 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) was stirred at 90° C. for 6 h under N 2. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC-4 to afford the title compound as a white solid (361.4 mg, 32%). LCMS m/z=366 [M+H] +1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ: 12.21 (s, 1H), 10.82 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.32 (t, 1H), 5.98 (d, 1H), 4.40 (d, 2H), 3.87-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.29 (m, 4H).

PAT

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References

/////////cirtociclib, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, antineoplastic, BLU-222, BLU 222, BLU 170298, U93X72ED47, CDK2 Inhibitor BLU-222

Ceperognastat


Ceperognastat

CAS 2241514-56-5

MF C16H22FN5O3S MW383.4 g/mol

Acetamide, N-(4-fluoro-5-(((2S,4S)-2-methyl-4-((5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methoxy)-1-piperidinyl)methyl)-2-thiazolyl)-

N-[4-fluoro-5-({(2S,4S)-2-methyl-4-[(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methoxy]piperidin-1-yl}methyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide
O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzyme inhibitor, LY3372689, LY3372689, U0SGP6ZX2V

Ceperognastat (LY3372689) is a drug candidate molecule under investigation to treat Alzheimer’s disease. It targets the enzyme O-GlcNAcase.[2][3] Its result is to reduce formation of tau protein tangles.

A molecule containing radioactive fluorine was used with a PET scan to show that ceperognastat binds in the human brain.[4]

Ceperognastat was discovered via a high-throughput screening campaign followed by further optimization.[5]

Eli Lilly and Company is recruiting subjects for a clinical trial.[6] Some hospitals in Australia: St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Hornsby Ku-Ring-Gai HospitalThe Prince Charles HospitalThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, AdelaideBox Hill Hospital, and Delmont Private Hospital are involved.[7] Results of the trial were expected by June 2024.[8] Primary completion of the study occurred on 9th July 2024, with full completion expected in August 2024. In an investor call, it was disclosed that ceperognastat missed the primary endpoint of improvement on the Integrated Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale. The detailed results of this study are expected to be disclosed at a conference in late 2024.[9]

Chemical

The molecule contains three rings: thiazolepiperidine and oxadiazole. Other functional groups included are an etheracetamide, and a fluoride.[10]

  • A Study of LY3372689 to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy in Participants With Alzheimer’s DiseaseCTID: NCT05063539Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2025-07-28
  • A Study of the Effects of Multiple Doses of LY3372689 on the Brain in Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT04392271Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2020-11-04
  • A Safety Study of LY3372689 in Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT04106206Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2020-04-24
  • A Study of the Effects of LY3372689 on the Brain in Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT03944031Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2020-04-22
  • A Safety Study of LY3372689 Given By Mouth to Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT03819270Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2019-07-05

REF

SYN

EXAMPLE 1

Synthesis of N-[4-fluoro-5-[[(2S,5S)-2-methyl-4-[(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methoxy]-1-piperidyl]methyl]thiazol-2-yl]acetamide

 N-(4-Fluoro-5-formyl-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (28.3 g, 150 mmol) is added to 5-methyl-3-[[(2S,4S)-2-methyl-4-piperidyl]oxymethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole hydrochloride (48.7 g, 185 mmol, 94% purity) in ethyl acetate (707 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (34.1 mL, 195 mmol) is added dropwise over 1 minute, then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (98.5 g, 451 mmol) is added in one portion. The reaction mixture is stirred in a 31° C. heating block overnight with an internal temperature of 30° C., then is cooled in an ice-water bath to an internal temperature of 5° C. To the mixture is added 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (226 mL) over 15 minutes, maintaining an internal temperature below 10° C. To the mixture is added water (250 mL) and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. The layers are separated and the organic layer is extracted with a mixture of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (28 mL) in water (50 mL). The first aqueous layer is stirred in an ice-water bath and 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (25.7 mL) is added dropwise over 10 minutes, maintaining an internal temperature below 10° C. The mixture is diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (100 mL), then is stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes and then is extracted with ethyl acetate (3×400 mL). The combined organics are dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a residue. The second aqueous layer from the extraction with aqueous hydrochloric acid is diluted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (200 mL) and the mixture is passed through a short pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate is transferred to a separating funnel and the layers are separated. The aqueous layer is stirred in an ice-water bath and 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (3.15 mL) is added dropwise over 5 minutes, maintaining an internal temperature below 10° C. The mixture is diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL), then is stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes and then is extracted with ethyl acetate (3×40 mL) and 10% isopropanol in ethyl acetate (100 mL). The combined organics are dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a residue, which is combined with the residue from the first part of the workup. The combined residue is passed through a pad of silica gel (350 g) eluting with ethyl acetate (3.5 L) and the filtrate is concentrated to give a residue (45.8 g).
      The residue (47.5 g of combined lots, 123.9 mmol) is purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 50-100% ethyl acetate in heptane. The product-containing fractions are concentrated to residue, which is suspended in a 1:1 mixture of methyl-tert-butyl ether and heptane (448 mL). The mixture is stirred in a 46° C. heating block for 30 minutes at an internal temperature of 45° C., then is cooled to room temperature over 2 hours with stirring. The mixture is filtered, washing the solid with a 1:1 mixture of methyl-tert-butyl ether and heptane (30 mL). The filtered solid is dried under vacuum at 40° C. overnight to give the title compound (28.5 g). MS m/z 384.0 (M+H); [α] D 20=+33.4° (C=0.26, methanol).

PAT

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References

References

  1.  “Data Sheet LY3372689” (PDF). 26 December 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
  2.  “LY3372689”http://www.alzforum.org.
  3.  Cheng, Steven S.; Mody, Alison C.; Woo, Christina M. (2024-11-07). “Opportunities for Therapeutic Modulation of O-GlcNAc”Chemical Reviews124 (22): 12918–13019. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00417ISSN 0009-2665PMID 39509538.
  4.  Shcherbinin, Sergey; Kielbasa, William; Dubois, Susan; Lowe, Stephen L; Phipps, Krista M; Tseng, James; Kevin, Donnelly B; Natanegara, Fanni; Warner, Susan; Dreyfus, Nicolas; Lindsay-Scott, Peter; Hawk, Mai Khanh; McDonald, Nicholas; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Gilmore, Julie A; Biglan, Kevin; Mergott, Dustin J; Russell, David; Gunn, Roger N; Constantinescu, Cristian; Nuthall, Hugh Norman; Collins, Emily C (December 2020). “Brain target occupancy of LY3372689, an inhibitor of the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzyme: Translation from rat to human: Neuroimaging / evaluating treatments”Alzheimer’s & Dementia16 (S4). doi:10.1002/alz.040558S2CID 227501893.
  5.  Kielbasa, William; Goldsmith, Paul; Donnelly, Kevin B.; Nuthall, Hugh N.; Shcherbinin, Sergey; Fleisher, Adam S.; Hendle, Jörg; DuBois, Susan L.; Lowe, Stephen L.; Zhang, Feiyu Fred; Woerly, Eric M.; Dreyfus, Nicolas J.-F.; Evans, David; Gilmore, Jeremy; Mancini, Michele (October 2024). “Discovery and clinical translation of ceperognastat, an O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor, for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease”Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions10 (4) e70020. doi:10.1002/trc2.70020ISSN 2352-8737PMC 11694536PMID 39748851.
  6.  “Assessment of Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of LY3372689 in Early Symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease”. clinicaltrials.gov. 22 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  7.  “A Study of LY3372689 to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy in Participants With Alzheimer’s Disease”. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  8.  Krietsch Boerner, Leigh (25 March 2022). “Hybrid meeting divulges structures of drug candidates”Chemical & Engineering NewsISSN 0009-2347.
  9.  edge.media-server.com https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/3kqnwjy6/. Retrieved 2024-10-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10.  Dreyfus, Nicolas Jacques Francois; Lindsay-Scott, Peter James (2 August 2018). N-[4-Fluoro-5-[[(2S,4S)-2-Methyl-4-[(5-Methyl-1,2,4-Oxadiazol-3-Yl)methoxy]-1-Piperidyl]methyl]thiazol-2-Yl]acetamide as Oga Inhibitor”. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
Names
IUPAC nameN-[4-fluoro-5-[[2-methyl-4-[(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methoxy]piperidin-1-yl]methyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide
Identifiers
CAS Number2241514-56-5 [1]
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
ChemSpider129432852
PubChem CID135271363
InChI
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formulaC16H22FN5O3S
Molar mass383.44 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Infobox references

/////////ceperognastat, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzyme inhibitor, LY3372689, LY3372689, U0SGP6ZX2V

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