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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D ( ICT, Mumbai) , INDIA 36Yrs Exp. in the feld of Organic Chemistry,Working for AFRICURE PHARMA as ADVISOR earlier with GLENMARK PHARMA at Navi Mumbai, INDIA. Serving chemists around the world. Helping them with websites on Chemistry.Million hits on google, NO ADVERTISEMENTS , ACADEMIC , NON COMMERCIAL SITE, world acclamation from industry, academia, drug authorities for websites, blogs and educational contribution, ........amcrasto@gmail.com..........+91 9323115463, Skype amcrasto64 View Anthony Melvin Crasto Ph.D's profile on LinkedIn Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr.

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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, NIPER-G, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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Lirucitinib


Lirucitinib

CAS 2458115-78-9

MF C16H25N5OS MW335.5 g/mol

N-[4-[(ethylsulfonimidoyl)methyl]cyclohexyl]-N-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine

(R)-ethyl(imino)({trans-4-[methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]cyclohexyl}methyl)-λ6
-sulfanone
Janus tyrosine kinase inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, GGW101, GGW 101

Lirucitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor primarily known as a novel, Class I veterinary drug. It specifically targets the JAK1 enzyme to block itch-inducing (pruritic) and inflammation-causing cytokines in the body.

Core Information

  • Primary Use: The drug is developed for veterinary medicine to treat acute and chronic pruritic (severe itch) skin diseases in dogs, which are commonly caused by allergies, parasites, or infections.
  • Approval Status: It received a Class I New Veterinary Drug Certificate from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) in China.
  • Human Medicine: As of 2026, there are no clinical indications or indications that Lirucitinib is being tested for use in humans.
  • Chemical Profile: It is an orally active small molecule with the chemical formula C₁₆H₂₅N₅OS and acts specifically as the (R)-enantiomer of the compound.

SYN

[US20220106319A1]

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=4CA57DF508E7B72B516CEB2A97283182.wapp2nC?docId=US356967355&_cid=P22-MQQ0KW-29134-1

  11 (1.0 g, 2.04 mmol) (prepared in step 9), tetrahydrofuran/methanol (10 mL), and cesium carbonate (1.33 g, 4.08 mmol) were added into a 25 mL single-necked flask, refluxed for 12 h, concentrated, and poured into dichloromethane and saturated salt solution, the organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated, and subjected to a conventional preparation method and a chiral preparation method to obtain product A as a white solid (20 mg, yield: 2.9%), LC-MS: 336 [M+H]+, H 1-NMR: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.61 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.67 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.93 (m, 4H), 2.12-2.01 (m, 3H), 1.73-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.31-1.22 (m, 5H) and product B as a white solid (25 mg, yield: 3.7%), LC-MS: 336 [M+H]+, H 1—NMR: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.59 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J=3.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.67 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 1H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.89 (m, 4H), 2.16-1.93 (m, 3H), 1.74-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.23 (m, 5H).

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/////////lirucitinib, anax labs, Janus tyrosine kinase inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, GGW101, GGW 101

Linvemastat


Linvemastat

CAS 2389060-50-6

MF C20H17N3O4S MW395.43

5-[3-[4-[(2-methyl-4-pyridinyl)methoxy]phenyl]sulfanylfuran-2-yl]imidazolidine-2,4-dione


matrix metalloproteinase-12 inhibitor, lung diseases, FP 020, FP2AMM4SVF

Linvemastat (also known by its developmental code FP-020) is an investigational, orally active small-molecule drug designed to selectively inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12). It is being developed as a potential disease-modifying therapy for chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, primarily targeting respiratory conditions and gastrointestinal disorders.

How Linvemastat Works

  • Targeting MMP-12: MMP-12 is an enzyme secreted by macrophages that breaks down extracellular matrix proteins like elastin.
  • Controlling Damage: Overexpression of MMP-12 is strongly linked to tissue destruction, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis in the lungs and gut.
  • High Selectivity: Unlike older matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, linvemastat targets MMP-12 with high specificity, avoiding off-target interactions with other vital MMP enzymes.

Primary Therapeutic Indications under Research

  • Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma: Evaluated to reduce airway inflammation and improve overall lung function.
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Investigated for preventing structural lung damage and progressive emphysema.
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Researched to minimize continuous gut wall inflammation and intestinal fibrosis.
  • Other Fibrotic Conditions: Explored in preclinical models for conditions like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and kidney damage.

Current Clinical Status

Initially developed by Foresee Pharmaceuticals, global development rights for the program were transitioned to Primevera Therapeutics LLC.

  • Phase 1 Trial: Completed trials in healthy volunteers demonstrated a favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profile, with only minor, recoverable side effects like mild nausea or headache.
  • Phase 2 Trial: Undergoing mid-stage clinical evaluation, such as the global, randomized syMMPonia study. This trial is measuring changes in forced expiratory volume (FEV₁) to assess the drug’s impact on adults with partially controlled, moderate-to-severe asthma.

Effect of Linvemastat in Patients With Partially Controlled Asthma (syMMPonia)

CTID: NCT07191535

Phase: Phase 2

Status: Not yet recruiting

Date: 2025-10-20

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019222157&_cid=P10-MQOLFP-71317-1

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US276884719&_cid=P10-MQOLBE-66887-1

SYN

US10851089, Compound FC-4

PAT

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PAT

[1]. YANG, W J, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) inhibitors and methods of use thereof. WO2019222157A1. 2019-11-21.

//////////////linvemastat, anax labs, matrix metalloproteinase-12 inhibitor, lung diseases, FP 020, FP2AMM4SVF

Gadoquatrane


Gadoquatrane

CAS2048221-65-2MW2579.0 g/mol

FDA 2026, APPROVALS 2026, Ambelvist, OZG7J613HK, BAY-1747846, BAY 1747846

2-[4,10-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-7-[1-oxo-1-[[2-oxo-2-[[3-[[2-[2-[4,7,10-tris(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]propanoylamino]acetyl]amino]-2,2-bis[[[2-[2-[4,7,10-tris(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]propanoylamino]acetyl]amino]methyl]propyl]amino]ethyl]amino]propan-2-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetate;tetrakis(gadolinium(3+))

TETRAGADOLINIUM (4,10-BIS(CARBOXYLATOMETHYL)-7-(3,6,12,15-TETRAOXO-16-(4,7,10-TRIS-(CARBOXYLATOMETHYL)-1,4,7,10-TETRAAZACYCLODODECAN-1-YL)-9,9-BIS(((((2-(4,7,10-TRIS-(CARBOXYLATOMETHYL)-1,4,7,10-TETRAAZACYCLODODECAN-1-YL)PROPANOYL)AMINO)ACETYL)-AMINO)METHYL)-4,7,11,14-TETRAAZAHEPTADECAN-2-YL)-1,4,7,10-TETRAAZACYCLODODECAN-1-YL)ACETATE

To detect and visualize lesions with abnormal vascularity, in conjunction with MRI

Gadoquatrane (marketed as AMBELVIST®) is a low-dose, macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) developed by Bayer for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is designed to enhance the visualization of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and other body regions in adult and pediatric patients.

Core Highlights:

  • Lower Gadolinium Exposure: It requires a dose of 0.04 mmol/kg, which results in 60% less gadolinium exposure compared to standard macrocyclic GBCAs.
  • Regulatory Approval: The FDA approved it in June 2026 for use in adults and pediatric patients, including term neonates. It was also approved in Japan in March 2026.
  • Efficacy & Safety: Phase III clinical trials (the QUANTI studies) showed it effectively detects lesions with abnormal vascularity while maintaining an efficacy and safety profile comparable to other standard macrocyclic agents.
  • Structure: Gadoquatrane features a tetrameric, macrocyclic structure that gives it high relaxivity and stability in the body

SYN

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20250114485A1

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/////////gadoquatrane, anax labs, FDA 2026, APPROVALS 2026, Ambelvist, OZG7J613HK, BAY-1747846, BAY 1747846

Lasmotinib


Lasmotinib

CAS 2127107-15-5

MF C19H19FN4O2S MW386.4 g/mol

3-(carbamoylamino)-5-[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethynyl]-N-[(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]thiophene-2-carboxamide

3-(carbamoylamino)-5-[(3-fluorophenyl)ethynyl]-N-[(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]thiophene-2-carboxamide
tyrosine kinase inhibitor, antineoplastic, PHI-101, PHI 101, U2UY9TBQ8Z

Lasmotinib (also known by its research code PHI-101) is a next-generation, orally bioavailable targeted cancer therapy. It functions as a dual FLT3 and CHK2 inhibitor. It is primarily being investigated to treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and ovarian cancer.

How It Works

  • FLT3 Inhibition: It targets FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), an enzyme that is often mutated in AML. Lasmotinib is designed to attack not just single activating mutations (ITD or TKD), but also difficult-to-treat double and triple-resistant mutations.
  • CHK2 Inhibition: It also inhibits Checkpoint Kinase 2 (CHK2), preventing cancer cells from repairing DNA damage. This causes the cancer cells to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Key Clinical Advantages

  • High Efficacy: In relapsed or refractory AML patients who have previously failed other FLT3 inhibitors, lasmotinib has demonstrated high rates of composite complete remission.
  • Safety Profile: Preclinical and early-stage trials indicate a promising safety profile with a very low or 0% occurrence rate of cardiotoxicity (heart damage), which is a common hurdle for some other FLT3-targeting drugs.

Current Development & Combinations

  • Developer: Discovered by Seoul National University Hospital and being developed by Pharos iBio.
  • Synergistic Therapies: Lasmotinib is currently moving into global clinical trials as a powerful combination therapy. Research shows it synergizes strongly with existing treatments like Venetoclax or Azacytidine, as well as with emerging Menin inhibitors (such as bleximenib) to achieve deep tumor growth inhibition


Lasmotinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2), with potential antineoplastic and chemopotentiating activities. Upon oral administration, lasmotinib binds to and inhibits the activity of chk2, which may prevent the repair of DNA damage caused by DNA-damaging agents. This may result in tumor cell apoptosis and potentiate the antitumor efficacies of various chemotherapeutic agents. Chk2, an ATP-dependent serinethreonine kinase, is a key component in the DNA replication-monitoring checkpoint system and is activated by double-stranded breaks (DSBs); activated chk2 is overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types.

  • Chk2 Inhibitor for Recurrent EpitheliAl periToneal, fallopIan or oVarian cancEr (CREATIVE Phase IA Trial)CTID: NCT04678102Phase: Phase 1Status: Unknown statusDate: 2023-06-26
  • Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of PHI 101 for the Treatment of AMLCTID: NCT04842370Phase: Phase 1Status: Unknown statusDate: 2021-04-20

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=JP405710409&_cid=P21-MQIVJB-43702-2

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US465154324&_cid=P21-MQIVJB-43702-2

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2024015484&_cid=P21-MQIVJB-43702-2

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2025210599&_cid=P21-MQIVJB-43702-2

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Larubrilstat


Larubrilstat

CAS 2765226-31-9

MF C21H25N5O2 MW379.5 g/mol

[2-[[(5R)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-5-yl]amino]pyrimidin-5-yl]-(8-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl)methanone

(2-{[(5R)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-5-yl]amino}pyrimidin-5-yl)(8-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]decan-2-
yl)methanone
vascular non-inflammatory molecule-1 (VNN1) inhibitor, AG6K4Y29B4

Larubrilstat is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) for an experimental, small-molecule vascular non-inflammatory molecule-1 (VNN1) inhibitor. VNN1, also commonly known as Vanin-1 or pantetheinase, is an enzyme involved in tissue response to oxidative stress and inflammation.

Current Status

  • Development Context: Larubrilstat is a designated compound linked to therapeutic exploration in inflammatory pathways. Research and patent filings, such as those cataloged by the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, track its evaluation alongside similar Vanin-1 inhibitors

SYN

US20240083873,

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US425298584&_cid=P20-MQHGA8-93141-1

COMP 2-1 IS PRODUCT

Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 2, Compound 2-1 and Compound 2-2

Step 1
      To a solution of compound 2a (500 mg) in ethanol/water (v/v=4:1, 10 mL) mixed solvent was added successively sodium acetate (740 mg) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (630 mg). The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 94° C. and stirred continuously for 2 hours. The reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was cooled, added with water (50 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to obtain a crude product of compound 2b (500 mg).

Step 2

      To a solution of compound 2b (320 mg) in acetic acid (6 mL) was added zinc powder (421 mg) in batches. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. and stirred continuously for 2 hours. The reaction was completed. The mixture was cooled, filtered and concentrated. The reaction mixture was added with NaOH aqueous solution (10%) to adjust the pH to 9, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×4). The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to obtain a crude product of compound 2c (100 mg).

Step 3

      Compound 2 (66 mg) was obtained from compound if (168 mg) and compound 2c (100 mg) according to the method of Example 1.
       1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d 4) δ 8.58 (s, 2H), 8.35 (d, J=4.69 Hz, 1H), 7.78-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.18 (m, 1H), 5.71 (t, J=7.15 Hz, 1H), 3.80-3.59 (m, 6H), 3.54 (d, J=20.77 Hz, 2H), 3.13 (ddd, J=16.55, 9.14, 3.68 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (td, J=16.84, 8.51 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (ddd, J=16.06, 8.24, 3.91 Hz, 1H), 2.14-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.93 (dd, J=16.94, 7.33 Hz, 2H), 1.72-1.51 (m, 4H).
      LCMS (ESI), [M+H] +=380.3
      Two enantiomers 2-1 (retention time: 8.483 min) and 2-2 (retention time: 13.580 min) were obtained by chiral separation of compound 2.
      The chromatographic conditions are as follows:chromatographic column: CHIRALPAK AD-H (5 μm, 4.6×250 mm)flow rate: 0.4 mL/minwavelength: 254 nmcolumn temperature: 35° C.mobile phase: A: n-hexane, B: isopropanol, A:B=1:4run time: 50 min
Preparation Method of Compound 2-1

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 2-1

      Compound 2-1e (284 g, 1.375 mol), compound 2-1f (350 g, 1.25 mol) and K 2CO (862.5 g, 6.25 mol) were dissolved in isopropanol, and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction system was distilled under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, added with dichloromethane, stirred, and filtered. The filtrate was dissolved in 2 N HCl, and the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 8 to 9 by adding 1 N NaOH. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, dried and concentrated to obtain compound 2-1.
       1H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3OD) δ 8.58 (s, 2H), 8.37 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.72 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 3.80-3.58 (m, 7H), 3.54 (d, J=18.8 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (ddd, J=16.9, 9.2, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (dt, J=16.8, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (dq, J=12.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.14-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.93 (q, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.59 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H).
      The absolute stereochemical configuration of compound 2-1 was determined by comparative determination of the above preparation method of the chiral compounds.

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=28F257EBC3EA6EE7D447E4442C7CC489.wapp2nA?docId=US458059800&_cid=P20-MQHG5H-85832-1

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Laporolimus


Laporolimus

Rapamycin, 42-cyclohexanecarboxylate

CAS 1504576-27-5

MF C58H89NO14 MW 1024.3 g/mol

[(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] cyclohexanecarboxylate

(1R,2R,4S)-4-{(2R)-2-[(3S,6R,7E,9R,10R,12R,14S,15E,17E,19E,21S,23S,26R,27R,34aS)-9,27-dihydroxy-10,21-dimethoxy6,8,12,14,20,26-hexamethyl-1,5,11,28,29-pentaoxo1,4,5,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,3
1,32,33,34,34a-tetracosahydro-3H-23,27-epoxypyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazacyclohentriacontin-3-yl]propyl}-2-methoxycyclohexyl
cyclohexanecarboxylate
immunosuppressant, CRC-015, CRC 015, F5041W3RVA, Rapamycin, 42-cyclohexanecarboxylate

Laporolimus is an experimental immunosuppressant compound that acts as an mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway inhibitor. It is chemically classified as a macrolide derivative and is also known by its chemical synonym, rapamycin 42-cyclohexanecarboxylate.

Currently, Laporolimus is designated for research use only and has not been approved for clinical medical applications in humans or animals.

Key Technical Details

  • Mechanism of Action: It blocks the mTOR signaling pathway, which is responsible for regulating cell growth, proliferation, and immune cell activation.

Distinguishing Laporolimus from Clinical Alternatives

Because it ends with the suffix -limus, it shares structural and nomenclature similarities with widely used clinical immunosuppressants. However, its legal status and development stage differ significantly:

Drug Name Clinical AvailabilityPrimary MechanismPrimary Uses
LaporolimusNone (Research Only)mTOR InhibitorLaboratory research
Sirolimus (Rapamycin)ApprovedmTOR InhibitorTransplant rejection, coating coronary stents
TacrolimusApprovedCalcineurin InhibitorOrgan transplant prophylaxis, severe eczema

If you are researching this compound for a laboratory study, you can review its structural data and biochemical properties via the PubChem Laporolimus Compound Page

Laporolimus (CAS 1504576-27-5) is an immunosuppressive agent and mTOR inhibitor structurally derived from rapamycin as a cyclohexanecarboxylate derivative. Its total chemical synthesis is highly complex, typically achieved via semisynthesis starting from natural macrolides produced by Streptomyces fermentation.

Semisynthetic Pathway

Because the core macrocyclic lactone (a 36-membered polyketide ring) is incredibly challenging to build from scratch, researchers and pharmaceutical manufacturers rely on a derivatization approach:

  1. Fermentation: The baseline macrolide is produced via large-scale fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus (similar to the base rapamycin process).
  2. Purification: The naturally produced macrocyclic core is isolated and purified from the fermentation broth using column chromatography.
  3. Esterification: The C-42 hydroxyl group of the macrolide core is selectively protected and subjected to acylation with a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivative (or reactive cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride).
  4. Deprotection & Purification: The C-42 cyclohexanecarboxylate is then deprotected and purified via preparative chromatography to yield pure laporolimus.

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Lanoracopan


Lanoracopan

CAS 2797066-85-2

MFC27H32N2O4 MW448.6 g/mol

4-[(2S,4S)-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-1-[(5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl]piperidin-2-yl]benzoic acid

Benzoic acid, 4-[(2S,4S)-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-1-[(5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl]-2-piperidinyl]-

4-{(2S,4S)-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-1-[(5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl]piperidin-2-yl}benzoic acid
complement factor B inhibitor, MY 008211A, Factor B-IN-5, Y5UN7AE8SF

Lanoracopan (also known by its developmental code MY008211A or Factor B-IN-5) is an investigational small-molecule drug that acts as a potent complement factor B (CFB) inhibitor. It is designed to target and regulate the alternative pathway of the complement system, which is a crucial part of the body’s innate immune defense

Clinical Development & Indications

Originally developed by Shanghai Meiyue Biotech Development Co. Ltd., the drug has transitioned from early discovery into active clinical trials. It is primarily being evaluated for:

  1. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Lanoracopan (as MY008211A tablets) is currently undergoing Phase 2 and Phase 2/3 clinical trials. These studies assess its long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy in patients suffering from PNH who experience active hemolysis (the premature destruction of red blood cells).
  2. Renal Impairment Studies: Clinical research is also actively evaluating the drug’s safety profile and pharmacokinetics in individuals with varying degrees of kidney function.

Current Status

Lanoracopan is recognized under the World Health Organization’s proposed International Nonproprietary Names (INN) registry. It is not yet approved for public use or commercial medical prescriptions by global regulatory bodies. Currently, it is primarily available to the scientific community as a reference standard for laboratory research use only

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2023020566&_cid=P21-MQD5YH-25997-1

Example 4: 

[0727]4-((2S,4S)-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-1-((5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl)piperidin-2-yl)benzoic acid (compound 4) 

[0728]

4-((2S,4S)-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-1-((5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl)piperidin-2-yl)benzoic acid

[0755]The mixture (130 mg) of the above-mentioned tert-butyl 4-(((2S,4S)-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-(4-(((cyclopropylmethoxy)carbonyl)phenyl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)-5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylic acid (tert-butyl ester) and 4-(((2S,4S)-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)-5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylic acid (tert-butyl ester) (4c-2) was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, and solid potassium carbonate (149 mg, 1.08 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to 85 °C and refluxed for 3 h. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product. The crude product was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 10 mL THF, 5 mL methanol, and 2 mL water. Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (181 mg, 4.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction system was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the crude product was subjected to Pre-HPLC (instrument and preparative column: Glison GX-281 preparative HPLC system; Sunfire C18 column, 5 μm, inner diameter × length = 30 mm × 150 mm). Preparation method: The crude product was dissolved in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter membrane to prepare the sample solution. Mobile phase system: acetonitrile/aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate. Gradient elution method: Acetonitrile was used to elute 60% of the solution with a 5% gradient (elution time 15 min), and the solution was lyophilized to obtain 4-((2S,4S)-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-1-((5-methoxy-7-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)methyl)piperidin-2-yl)benzoic acid (compound 4) (5 mg). 

[0756]

1H NMR(400MHz,CD 3OD)δ8.10(d,2H),7.60(d,2H),7.28(d,1H),6.73(s,1H),6.32(s,1H),4.70–4.40(m,1H),4.32–4.14(m,1H),4.09–3.90(m,1H),3.88–3.79(m,1H),3.75(s, 3H),3.42–3.34(m,2H),3.30–3.14(m,2H),2.49(s,3H),2.26–2.10(m,2H),2.06–1.90(m,2H),1.19–1.04(m,1H),0.64–0.50(m,2H),0.31–0.22(m,2H).

[0757]

LCMS m/z=449.2[M+1] +

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Lanisidenib


Lanisidenib

Cas 2135537-20-9

MF C28H23ClF3N5O4S MW618.03 g/mol

(3S)-N-[(1S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-[(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-(4-cyano-2-pyridinyl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,1-dioxo-1,2-thiazolidine-3-carboxamide

IUPAC Name: (3S)-N-{(1S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-[(3, 3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,1-dioxo-1λ⁶,2-thiazolidine-3-carboxamide

3-Isothiazolidinecarboxamide, N-[(1S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-[(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-(4-cyano-2-pyridinyl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-, 1,1-dioxide, (3S)-

(3S)-N-{(1S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-[(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,1-dioxo1λ6,2-thiazolidine-3-carboxamide
isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor, antineoplastic, G5J396CG5J

Lanisidenib is a potent, selective isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor that exhibits antineoplastic (anti-cancer) activity. It works by targeting abnormal IDH enzymes, which are frequently mutated in various malignancies, such as certain myeloid leukemias and solid tumours. By blocking these mutant enzymes, it halts the production of oncometabolites that drive cancer progression

Research and Availability

The compound is primarily utilized in biochemical research and preclinical drug screening platforms. Specialty chemical suppliers, such as MedChemExpress and AdooQ BioScience, distribute it exclusively for laboratory research

SYN

Inhibitors of Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (mIDH1/2): An Update and Perspective

Publication Name: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Publication Date: 2018-05-31

PMID: 29847930

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00159

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=8FF935A29A689E69F88CA3A23E3DDAED.wapp2nA?docId=US306234699&_cid=P20-MQBQF9-01167-1

Step F: (S)—N—((S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-isothiazolidine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide
      
At room temperature, 3-amino-5-Fluorouridine (57 mg, 0.508 mmol) and o-chlorobenzaldehyde (72 mg, 0.512 mmol) were dissolved in methanol, and stirred for 30 min. (S)-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)isothiazolidine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide (136 mg, 0.508 mmol) was then added into the mixed solution, stirred for 10 min, then added with 1,1-difluoro-3-isocyanocyclobutane (prepared according to the method described in patent CN103097340, 60 mg, 0.508 mmol), and stirred overnight. The solvent was removed and the residue was separated by thin layer chromatography, to give the title compound (S)—N—((S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-isothiazolidine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide (the compound of formula I).
       1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3): δ=8.46 (m, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.22-6.84 (m, 8H), 6.47 (d, J=3.6, 1H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 4.82 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.38 (m, 4H).
      m/z=618 [M+H] +.

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019057142&_cid=P20-MQBQHW-03190-1

A sulfonamide compound with the structure shown in Formula I has the chemical name: (S)-N-((S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-isothiazolidin-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide.

Step F: (S)-N-((S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-isothiazolidin-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide

At room temperature, 3-amino-5-fluoropyridine (57 mg, 0.508 mmol) and o-chlorobenzaldehyde (72 mg, 0.512 mmol) were dissolved in methanol and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, (S)-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)isothiazolidin-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide (136 mg, 0.508 mmol) was added to the mixture and stirred for 10 minutes. Finally, 1,1-difluoro-3-isocyanocyclobutane (refer to the patent) was added. Prepared by the method described in CN103097340, 60 mg (0.508 mmol), stirred overnight, solvent removed, and separated by thin-layer chromatography to obtain the title compound (S)-N-((S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-isothiazolidin-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide (compound of formula I). 

[0134]

1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):δ=8.46(m,1H),7.67(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.22-6.84(m,8H),6.47(d,J=3.6,1H),6.08(s,1H),4.82(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.33(m,1H),3.68-3.60(m,1H),3.40-3.28(m,1H),3.10-2.98(m,2H),2.68-2.38(m,4H)。

[0135]

m/z=618[M+H] +

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Itareparib


Itareparib

CAS 1606995-47-4

MF C20H26FN3O2 MW359.4 g/mol

2-(1-Cyclohexyl-4-piperidinyl)-6-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-isoindole-4-carboxamide

1H-ISOINDOLE-4-CARBOXAMIDE, 2-(1-CYCLOHEXYL-4-PIPERIDINYL)-6-FLUORO-2,3-DIHYDRO-3-OXO-

2-(1-cyclohexylpiperidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole4-carboxamide
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, antineoplastic, NMS-03305293, NMS-293, NMS 03305293, NMS 293, KFI1190L8L, NV 578,

Itareparib is the inhibitor for PARP and exhibits antineoplastic activity.

Itareparib (development code NMS-03305293 or NMS-293) is an experimental, next-generation PARP1-selective oral inhibitor being developed by the biopharmaceutical company Nerviano Medical Sciences for the treatment of various advanced solid tumors and brain cancers

Key Characteristics & Mechanism

Unlike first-generation poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, itareparib features a highly specialized mechanism designed to improve clinical safety and versatility:

  • Non-Trapping Profile: Traditional PARP inhibitors trap the PARP enzyme onto DNA, forming PARP-DNA complexes. This trapping causes significant bone marrow toxicity (myelosuppression), leading to severe side effects like anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Itareparib is engineered to be “non-trapping,” avoiding these complexes to protect healthy blood cells.
  • High Brain Penetrance: It crosses the blood-brain barrier effectively, making it uniquely suitable for treating primary and secondary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies.
  • Ideal Combinability: Because it does not cause overlapping bone marrow toxicity, it can be safely paired with other DNA-damaging therapies like traditional chemotherapies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Clinical Development & Target Indications

Itareparib is currently advancing through Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. It is being investigated across several oncology settings:

  • Glioblastoma (GBM): Evaluated in Phase II clinical studies for relapsed, IDH wild-type glioblastoma in combination with the chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ).
  • Ovarian Cancer: Evaluated in Phase Ia/Ib trials (such as trial NCT06930755) in combination with topotecan for patients with recurrent, platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancers. [1]
  • Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) & Astrocytoma: Explored in ongoing combination trials targeting highly aggressive tumors where conventional PARP inhibitors are limited by overlapping toxicity.
  • Study of NMS-03305293 in Adult Patients With Relapsed Ovarian CancerCTID: NCT06930755Phase: Phase 1Status: RecruitingDate: 2026-05-28
  • Study of NMS-03305293 in Adult Patient With Relapsed Small Cell Lung CancerCTID: NCT06931626Phase: Phase 1Status: RecruitingDate: 2025-11-12
  • Ph I/II Study of NMS-03305293+TMZ in Adult Patients With Recurrent GlioblastomaCTID: NCT04910022Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-08-19
  • Study of NMS-03305293 in Pts with Selected Advanced/Metastatic Solid TumorsCTID: NCT04182516Phase: Phase 1Status: TerminatedDate: 2024-09-19

A Phase I/II Combination Study of NMS-03305293 and Temozolomide in Adult Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma

EudraCT: 2020-003417-35

Phase: Phase 1, Phase 2

Status: Trial now transitioned

Date: 2021-11-10

SYN

US10800739,

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US275481284&_cid=P10-MQA9O8-42416-1

2-(1-Cyclohexyl-piperidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro-3-oz-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-4-carboxylic Acid Amide (I), cpd 29 [R═F; n=m=0; R1=piperidin-4-yl; R2=1-cyclohexyl]

To a stirred solution of 2-(1-cyclohexyl-piperidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-4-carbonitrile (IV) (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in acetic acid (5 mL), concentrated sulfuric acid (2.7 mL) was added dropwise during 30 min. The reaction was then warmed at 80° C. for 9 h, cooled at room temperature and poured into cold water (10 mL). The aqueous phase was then made basic by adding concentrated aqueous ammonia and extracted with dichloromethane (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide (2×12 mL) and brine, dried over Na 2SO and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The title compound was obtained as a white solid (43 mg, 40%) after purification through column chromatography ((dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia solution, 7N in methanol:97/2/1).
       1H NMR (400.5 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ ppm 1.00-1.14 (m, 1H), 1.14-1.28 (m, 4H), 1.53-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.80 (m, 6H), 2.25-2.36 (m, 3H), 2.88-2.95 (m, 2H), 3.94-4.03 (m, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 7.66 (dd, J HF=7.7, J HH=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (br. s., 1H), 7.89 (dd, J HF=10.9, J HH=2.6 Hz, 1H), 10.78 (br. s., 1H).
      HRMS (ESI+): calcd. for C 2027FN 32 [M+H] + 3602082: found 360.2098.

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2014064149&_cid=P10-MQA9K8-39764-1

2-(1-Cyclohexyl-piperidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-isoindole-4-carboxylic acid amide (I), cpd 29

[R = F; n = m = 0; R1 = piperidin-4-yl; R2 = 1-cyclohexyl]

To a stirred solution of 2-(1-cyclohexyl-piperidin-4-yl)-6-fluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-isoindole-4-carbonitrile (IV) (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in acetic acid (5 mL), concentrated sulfuric acid (2.7 mL) was added dropwise during 30 min. The reaction was then warmed at 80 °C for 9 h, cooled at room temperature and poured into cold water (10 mL). The aqueous phase was then made basic by adding concentrated aqueous ammonia and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 X 12 mL) and brine, dried over Na2S04 and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The title compound was obtained as a white solid (43 mg, 40%) after purification through column chromatography ((dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia solution, 7N in methanol: 97/2/1).

1H NMR (400.5 MHz, DMSO- cfe) δ ppm 1.00 – 1.14 (m, 1 H), 1.14 – 1.28 (m, 4 H), 1.53 – 1.61 (m, 1 H), 1.67 – 1.80 (m, 6 H), 2.25 – 2.36 (m, 3 H), 2.88 – 2.95 (m, 2 H), 3.94 – 4.03 (m, 1 H), 4.55 (s, 2 H), 7.66 (dd, JHF = 7.7, JHH = 2.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (br. s., 1 H), 7.89 (dd, JHF = 10.9, JHH = 2.6 Hz, 1 H), 10.78 (br. s., 1 H).

HRMS (ESI+): calcd. for C20H27FN3O2 [M + H]+ 360.2082; found 360.2098

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////////itareparib, ANAX LABS, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, antineoplastic, NMS-03305293, NMS-293, NMS 03305293, NMS 293, KFI1190L8L, NV 578,

Irodanoprost


Irodanoprost

CAS 2055490-48-5

MF C34H44F2N2O13P2 MW788.7 g/mol

7-[(2R)-2-[(E,3R)-4,4-difluoro-3-[2-[4-[(4-hydroxy-4,4-diphosphonobutyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]acetyl]oxy-4-phenylbut-1-enyl]-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl]heptanoic acid

(2R)-2-[(1E,3R)-4,4-Difluoro-3-[[2-[4-[[(4-hydroxy-4,4-diphosphonobutyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]acetyl]oxy]-4-phenyl-1-buten-1-yl]-5-oxo-1-pyrrolidineheptanoic acid

7-[(2R)-2-{(1E,3R)-4,4-difluoro-3-[({4-[(4-hydroxy-4,4-diphosphonobutyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}acetyl)oxy]-4-phenylbut-1-en-1-yl}-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl]heptanoic acid
prostaglandin receptor agonist, osteogenesis-related diseases, KP8BK46Z6R, MES 1022

Irodanoprost (also known as MES-1022) is a clinical-stage, bone- and pathology-targeted small molecule prodrug that acts as a potent and selective agonist for the prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 4 (EP4). Developed by the pharmaceutical company Mesentech Inc., the compound is designed to treat severe musculoskeletal and rare muscle-wasting diseases

Therapeutic Mechanism

Systemic activation of the EP4 receptor has long been known to stimulate bone and muscle regeneration. However, its clinical use was previously restricted due to toxic off-target side effects like severe hypotension and gastrointestinal issues.

Irodanoprost overcomes this barrier through a unique “pathology-targeted” conjugate design:

  • Targeting Mechanism: The EP4 agonist is chemically linked to a moiety that binds selectively to calcium-rich tissues—such as bone matrices or damaged, dystrophic muscle fibers.
  • Local Activation: Once it accumulates at the site of damage, it delivers localized therapeutic signaling while avoiding systemic tissues.

Primary Target Indications

The drug candidate is primarily under investigation for several rare or progressive degenerative diseases:

  • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): Preclinical trials on advanced DMD rat models published in bioRxiv demonstrate that irodanoprost actively blocks the differentiation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors, effectively reversing established muscle fibrosis and restoring muscle mass to wild-type levels.
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease): Utilizing its bone-anabolic pathway to promote bone growth and strength.
  • Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD)
  • Osteoporosis

PAT

EP-3307747-A1
US-10400000-B2
US-11312737-B2
US-20180170951-A1
US-20190345179-A1
WO-2016199111-A1

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016199111&_cid=P11-MQ7G6Y-06859-1

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////////////irodanoprost, ANAX LABS, prostaglandin receptor agonist, osteogenesis-related diseases, KP8BK46Z6R, MES 1022

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