Home » FDA 2014

Category Archives: FDA 2014

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, NIPER-G, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

Personal Links

Verified Services

View Full Profile →

Fosnetupitant

January 24, 2021 9:18 am / Leave a comment

Fosnetupitant

Molecular FormulaC₃₁H₃₅F₆N₄O₅P
Average mass688.598 Da

[4-[5-[[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoyl]-methylamino]-4-(2-methylphenyl)pyridin-2-yl]-1-methylpiperazin-1-ium-1-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate(4-{5-[{2-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoyl}(methyl)amino]-4-(2-methylphenyl)-2-pyridinyl}-1-methylpiperazin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate07-PNET10146

CAS 1703748-89-3

HCL 1643757-72-5

FDA 2014 AND EMA 2015Фоснетупитант [Russian] [INN]فوسنيتوبيتانت [Arabic] [INN]磷奈匹坦 [Chinese] [INN]

07-PNET

In April 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Swiss company Helsinn approved the intravenous formulation of AKYNZEO® (NEPA, a fixed antiemetic combination of fosnetupitant, 235mg, and palonosetron, 0.25mg) as an alternative treatment option for patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Fosnetupitant is the pro-drug form of netupitant. Generally, 25% to 30% of patients with a diagnosis of cancer receive chemotherapy as a treatment modality and 70% to 80% of these patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment may experience nausea and vomiting as major side effects. Considered one of the most distressing side effects of chemotherapy, nausea and vomiting has an immense impact on the quality of life of patients receiving certain antineoplastic therapies.

Generally, 25% to 30% of patients with a diagnosis of cancer receive chemotherapy as a treatment modality and 70% to 80% of these patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment may experience nausea and vomiting as major side effects. Considered one of the most distressing side effects of chemotherapy, nausea and vomiting has an immense impact on the quality of life of patients receiving certain antineoplastic therapies ¹.

Fosnetupitant: Fosnetupitant is a selective antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors. Upon intravenous administration, Fosnetupitant is converted by phosphatases to its active form. It competitively binds to and blocks the activity of NK-1 receptors in the central nervous system, by inhibiting binding of substance P (SP) to NK-1 receptors. This prevents delayed emesis, which is associated with SP secretion. AKYNZEO is a combination of palonosetron, a serotonin-3 receptor antagonist, and Fosnetupitant (capsules for oral use) or Fosnetupitant (injections for intravenous use). AKYNZEO for injection is indicated in combination with dexamethasone in adults for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.

EMA

Click to access akynzeo-h-c-3728-x-0018-epar-assessment-report-variation_en.pdf

The chemical name of fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride is 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1-((phosphonooxy)methyl)piperazin-1- ium chloride hydrochloride is corresponding to the molecular formula C31H37Cl2N4O5P. It has a relative molecular mass of 761.53 g/mol and the following structure:

The chemical structure of fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride was elucidated by a combination of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The active substance is achiral. The solid state properties of the active substance were measured by gravimetric vapour sorption and x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). It is a white to off-white to yellowish, crystalline, hygroscopic solid. Three polymorphic forms have been identified following extensive screening, requiring isolation from different solvent mixtures. Fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride is always isolated as form I following the commercial manufacturing process. Since it is dissolved and lyophilised during finished product manufacture, particle size and polymorphic form are not considered critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the active substance and are not included in the specification.

AKYNZEO (300 mg netupitant/0.5 mg palonosetron) capsules are an oral combination product of netupitant, a substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist, and palonosetron hydrochloride, a serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. Both netupitant and palonosetron hydrochloride are anti-nausea and anti-emetic agents.

Netupitant is chemically described: 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N, 2 dimethyl-N-[4-(2methylphenyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl] propanamide. The empirical formula is C₃₀H₃₂F₆N₄O, with a molecular weight of 578.61. Netupitant exists as a single isomer and has the following structural formula:

Netupitant - Structural Formula - Illustration

Palonosetron hydrochloride is chemically described: (3aS)-2-[(S)-1-Azabicyclo [2.2.2]oct-3-yl]2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1-oxo-1H-benz[de]isoquinoline hydrochloride. The empirical formula is C₁₉H₂₄N₂O.HCl, with a molecular weight of 332.87. Palonosetron hydrochloride exists as a single isomer and has the following structural formula:

Palonosetron hydrochloride - Structural Formula - Illustration

Netupitant is white to off-white crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in toluene and acetone, soluble in isopropanol and ethanol, and very slightly soluble in water.

Palonosetron hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in water, soluble in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in ethanol and 2-propanol.

Each AKYNZEO capsule is composed of one white-caramel hard gelatin capsule which contains three tablets each containing 100 mg netupitant and one gelatin capsule containing 0.5 mg palonosetron (equivalent to 0.56 mg palonosetron hydrochloride). The inactive ingredients are butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), croscarmellose sodium, gelatin, glycerin, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, mono-and di-glycerides of capryl/capric acid, polyglyceryl dioleate, povidone K-30, purified water, red iron oxide, silicon dioxide, sodium stearyl fumarate, sorbitol, sucrose fatty acid esters, titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide. It may contain traces of medium-chain triglycerides, lecithin, and denatured ethanol.

AKYNZEO (235 mg fosnetupitant/0.25 mg palonosetron) for injection is a combination product of fosnetupitant, a prodrug of netupitant, which is a substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist, and palonosetron hydrochloride, a serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist.

Fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride is chemically described as 2-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-4-O-methylene-phosphatepiperazinium-1-yl)4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide chloride hydrochloride. The empirical formula is C₃₁H₃₆F₆N₄O₅P•Cl•HCl, with a molecular weight of 761.53. Fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride exists as a single isomer and has the following structural formula:

Fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride - Structural Formula - Illustration

Fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride is white to off-white to yellowish solid or powder. Its solubility is pH dependent: at acidic pH (pH 2), its solubility is 1.4 mg/mL; at basic pH (pH 10), its solubility is 11.5 mg/mL.

Palonosetron hydrochloride is described above in this section.

AKYNZEO for injection is available for intravenous infusion, and is supplied as a sterile lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial. Each vial contains 235 mg of fosnetupitant (equivalent to 260 mg fosnetupitant chloride hydrochloride) and 0.25 mg of palonosetron (equivalent to 0.28 mg of palonosetron hydrochloride). The inactive ingredients are edetate disodium (6.4 mg), mannitol (760 mg), sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid (for pH adjustment).

PATENT

WO 2013082102

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2013082102A1/un

PATENT

US 20150011510

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150011510A1/en

[0159]

Step 1:

[0160]
13.0 g (82.5 mMol) 6-Chloro-nicotinic acid in 65 ml THF were cooled to 0° C. and 206.3 ml (206.3 mMol) o-tolylmagnesium chloride solution (1M in THF) were added over 45 minutes. The solution obtained was further stirred 3 hours at 0° C. and overnight at room temperature. It was cooled to −60° C. and 103.8 ml (1.8 Mol) acetic acid were added, followed by 35 ml THF and 44.24 g (165 mMol) manganese(III) acetate dihydrate. After 30 minutes at −60° C. and one hour at room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered and THF removed under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between water and dichloromethane and extracted. The crude product was filtered on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate/toluene/formic acid 20:75:5) then partitioned between 200 ml aqueous half-saturated sodium carbonate solution and 100 ml dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed with 50 ml aqueous half-saturated sodium carbonate solution. The combined aqueous phases were acidified with 25 ml aqueous HCI 25% and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 10.4 g (51%) of 6-chloro-4-o-tolyl-nicotinic acid as a yellow foam. MS (ISN): 246 (M−H, 100), 202 (M-CO₂H, 85), 166 (36).

Step 2:

[0161]
To a solution of 8.0 g (32.3 mMol) 6-chloro-4-o-tolyl-nicotinic acid in 48.0 ml THF were added 3.1 ml (42.0 mMol) thionylchloride and 143 .mu.l (1.8 mMol) DMF. After 2 hours at 50° C., the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and added to a solution of 72.5 ml aqueous ammonium hydroxide 25% and 96 ml water cooled to 0° C. After 30 minutes at 0° C., THF was removed under reduced pressure and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. Removal of the solvent yielded 7.8 g (98%) 6-chloro-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide as a beige crystalline foam. MS (ISP): 247 (M+H⁺, 100).

Step 3:

[0162]
1.0 g (4.05 mMol) 6-Chloro-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide in 9.0 ml 1-methyl-piperazine was heated to 100° C. for 2 hours. The excess N-methyl-piperazine was removed under high vacuum and the residue was filtered on silica gel (eluent: dichloromethane) to yield 1.2 g (95%) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide as a light yellow crystalline foam.
[0163]
MS (ISP): 311 (M+H⁺, 100), 254 (62).

Step 4:

[0164]
A solution of 0.2 g (0.6 mMol) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide in 1.0 ml methanol was added to a solution of 103 mg (2.6 mMol) sodium hydroxide in 1.47 ml (3.2 mMol) NaOCl (13%) and heated for 2 hours at 70° C. After removal of methanol, the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue filtered on silica gel (eluent: dichloromethane/methanol 4:1) to yield 100 mg (70%) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-ylamine as a brown resin. MS (ISP): 283 (M+H⁺, 100), 226 (42).

Step 5:

[0165]
2.15 mil (11.6 mMol) Sodium methoxide in methanol were added over 30 minutes to a suspension of 0.85 g (4.6 mMol) N-bromosuccinimide in 5.0 ml dichloromethane cooled to −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred 16 hours at −5° C. Still at this temperature, a solution of 1.0 g (3.1 mMol) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide in 5.0 ml methanol was added over 20 minutes and stirred for 5 hours. 7.1 ml (7.1 mMol) Aqueous HCl 1N and 20 ml dichloromethane were added. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with deionized water. The aqueous phases were extracted with dichloromethane, brought to pH=8 with aqueous NaOH 1N and further extracted with dichloromethane. The latter organic extracts were combined, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to yield 1.08 g (quant.) [6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-carbamic acid methyl ester as a grey foam.
[0166]
MS (ISP): 341 (M+H⁺, 100), 284 (35).

Step 6:

[0167]
A solution of 0.5 g (1.4 mMol) [6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-carbamic acid methyl ester in 3.0 ml dichloromethane was added over 10 minutes to a solution of 1.98 ml (6.9 mMol) Red-Al®. (70% in toluene) and 2.5 ml toluene (exothermic, cool with a water bath to avoid temperature to go >50° C.). The reaction mixture was stirred 2 hours at 50° C. in CH₂Cl₂, extracted with ethyl acetate and cooled to 0° C. 4 ml Aqueous NaOH 1N were carefully (exothermic) added over 15 minutes, followed by 20 ml ethyl acetate. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with deionized water and brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 0.37 g (89%) methyl-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-amine as an orange resin. MS (ISP): 297 (M+H⁺, 100).

Synthesis of 2-(3,5-bis-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl Chloride

[0168]
[0169]
15.0 g (50 mmol) 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionic acid were dissolved in 127.5 ml dichloromethane in the presence of 0.75 ml DMF. 8.76 ml (2 eq.) Oxalyl chloride were added and after 4.5 hours, the solution was rotary evaporated to dryness. 9 ml Toluene were added and the resulting solution was again rotary evaporated, then dried under high vacuum yielding 16.25 g (quant.) of 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl chloride as a yellow oil of 86% purity according to HPLC analysis. NMR (250 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.86 (br s, 1H); 7.77, (br s, 2H, 3H_arom); 1.77 (s, 6H, 2 CH₃).

Synthesis of 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-N-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide (Netupitant)

[0170]
[0171]
A solution of 20 g (67.5 mmol) methyl-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-amine and 17.5 ml (101 mmol) N-ethyldiisopropylamine in 200 ml dichloromethane was cooled in an ice bath and a solution of 24 g (75 mmol)₂-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl chloride in 50 ml dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was warmed to 35-40° C. for 3 h, cooled to room temperature again and was stirred with 250 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to give 31.6 g (81%) of 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-N-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide as white crystals.
[0172]
M.P. 155-157° C.; MS m/e (%): 579 (M+H⁺, 100).

Synthesis of 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide

[0173]

Step 1:

[0174]
The solution of 6-chloropyridin-3-amine (115 g, 0.898 mol) and (Boc)₂O (215.4 g, 0.988 mol) in 900 mL of dioxane was refluxed overnight. The resulting solution was poured into 1500 mL of water. The resulting solid was collected, washed with water and re-crystallized from EtOAc to afford 160 g tert-butyl (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)carbamate as a white solid (Yield: 78.2%).

Step 2:

[0175]
To the solution of tert-butyl (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)carbamate (160 g, 0.7 mol) in 1 L of anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (600 mL, 1.5 mol) at −78° C. under N₂atmosphere. After the addition was finished, the solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min, and the solution of I₂(177.68 g, 0.7 mol) in 800 mL of anhydrous THF was added. Then the solution was stirred at −78° C. for 4 hrs. TLC indicated the reaction was over. Water was added for quench, and EtOAc was added to extract twice. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and purified by flash chromatography to afford 80 g of tert-butyl (6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)carbamate as a yellow solid (32.3%).

Step 3:

[0176]
To the solution of tert-butyl (6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)carbamate (61 g, 0.172 mol) in 300 mL of anhydrous THF was added 60% NaH (7.6 g, 0.189 mol) at 0° C. under N₂atmosphere. After the addition was finished, the solution was stirred for 30 min, and then the solution of MeI (26.92 g, 0.189 mol) in 100 mL of dry THF was added. Then the solution was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hrs. TLC indicated the reaction was over. Water was added for quench, and EtOAc was added to extract twice. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to afford 63 g of crude tert-butyl (6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate used into the following de-protection without the further purification.

Step 4:

[0177]
To the solution of tert-butyl (6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate (62.5 g, 0.172 mol) in 500 mL of anhydrous DCM was added 180 mL of TFA. Then the solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs. Concentrated to remove the solvent, and purified by flash chromatography to afford 45.1 g 6-chloro-4-iodo-N-methylpyridin-3-amine as a yellow solid (Yield: 97.3%).

Step 5:

[0178]
To the solution of 6-chloro-4-iodo-N-methylpyridin-3-amine (40.3 g, 0.15 mol) and 2-methylbenzene boric acid (24.5 g, 0.18 mol) in 600 mL of anhydrous toluene was added 400 mL of 2 N aq. Na₂CO₃solution, Pd(OAc)₂(3.36 g, 15 mmol) and PPh₃(7.87 g, 0.03 mmol). The solution was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hrs. Cooled to room temperature, and diluted with water. EtOAc was added to extract twice. The combined organic phases were washed with water and brine consecutively, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography to afford 19 g 6-chloro-N-methyl-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-amine as a white solid (Yield: 54.6%).

Step 6:

[0179]
To the solution of 6-chloro-N-methyl-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-amine (18.87 g, 81.3 mmol) and DMAP (29.8 g, 243.9 mmol) in 200 mL of anhydrous toluene was added the solution of 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl chloride (28.5 g, 89.4 mmol) in toluene under N₂atmosphere. The solution was heated at 120° C. for 23 hrs. Cooled to room temperature, poured into 1 L of 5% aq. NaHCO₃solution, and extracted with EtOAc twice. The combined organic phases were washed by water and brine consecutively, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and purified by flash chromatography to afford 35 g 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-(6-chloro-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamide as a white solid (Yield: 83.9%).

Step 7:

[0180]
To the solution of 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-(6-chloro-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamide (5.14 g, 10 mmol) in 60 mL of DCM was added m-CPBA (6.92 g, 40 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂atmosphere. Then the solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. 1 N aq. NaOH solution was added to wash twice for removing the excess m-CPBA and a side product. The organic phase was washed by brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to afford 5.11 g of crude 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-2-chloro-4-(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide as a white solid (Yield: 96.4%).

Step 8:

[0181]
To the solution of crude 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-2-chloro-4-(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide (5.1 g, 9.62 mmol) in 80 mL of n-BuOH was added N-methylpiperazine (7.41 g, 74.1 mmol) under N₂atmosphere. Then the solution was stirred at 80° C. overnight. Concentrated and purified by flash chromatography to afford 4.98 g 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide as a white solid (Yield: 87.2%). ¹HNMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 2H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 5.50 (s, 3H), 2.72 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 4H), 2.57 (m, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.45˜1.20 (m, 6H).

Synthesis of 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-1-oxido-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylpiperazine 1-oxide

[0182]
[0183]
To a solution of 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide (3 g, 5.05 mmol) and NaHCO₃(0.354 g, 12.66 mmol) in 60 mL of MeOH and 15 mL of H₂O were added potassium monopersulfate triple salt (1.62 g, 26.25 mmol) at room temperature during 15 min. After stirring for 4 hrs at room temperature under N₂atmosphere, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and purified by flash chromatography (eluent: MeOH). The product was dissolved into DCM, the formed solid was filtered off, and the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1.77 g 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-1-oxido-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylpiperazine 1-oxide as a white solid (Yield: 57.4%). ¹HNMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 2H), 7.37˜7.20 (m, 4H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.89 (s, 21H), 3.74 (m, 4H), 3.31 (m, 5H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H).

Synthesis of 1-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-methylpiperazine 1,4-dioxide

[0184]
[0185]
To the solution of 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-N-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide (11.1 g, 19.2 mmol) in 75 ml of Methanol was added sodium bicarbonate (3.38 g, 40.3 mmol) dissolved in 20 ml of water. Then Oxone (14.75 g, 48.0 mmol) was added to the stirred solution at room temperature in 3-4 portions. The suspension was heated for 4 h at 50° C. After filtration of the salts (washed with 3×8 ml of methanol), the solvent has been evaporated under reduced pressure and substituted by DCM (30 ml). The organic phase was washed with water (5×30 ml), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated and purified by precipitation in toluene to afford 9.3 g 1-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4-methylpiperazine 1,4-dioxide as a white solid (Yield: 80%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz, at 333K) δ 8.27 (s, 2H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 2H), 7.26˜7.19 (m, 2H), 7.14 (t, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 7.09 (d, 1H, J=7.4 Hz), 4.93 (t, 2H, J=11.6 Hz), 4.70 (t, 2H, J=11.6 Hz), 4.12 (d, 2H, J=10.7 Hz), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.50 (d, 2H, J=10.3 Hz), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 6H).

Synthesis (A) of di-tert-butyl (chloromethyl)phosphate

[0186]
[0187]
Di-tert-butyl phosphohite (40.36 mmole) was combined with potassium bicarbonate (24.22 mmole) in 35 ml of water. The solution was stirred in an ice bath and potassium permanganate (28.25 mmole) was added in three equal portions over one hour’s time. The reaction as then allowed to continue at room temperature for an additional half hour.
[0188]
Decolorizing carbon (600 mg) was then incorporated as the reaction was heated to 60° C. for 15 minutes. The reaction was then vacuum filtered to remove solid magnesium dioxide. The solid was washed several times with water. The filtrate was then combined with one gram of decolorizing carbon and heated at 60° C. for an additional twenty minutes. The solution was again filtered to yield a colorless solution, which was then evaporated under vacuum to afford crude Di-tert-butyl phosphate potassium salt. Di-tert-butyl phosphate potassium salt (5 g, 20.14 mmole) was dissolved in methanol (15 g): to this solution at 0° C. a slight excess of concentrated HCl is slowly added with efficient stirring at 0° C. The addition of acid causes the precipitation of potassium chloride. The solid is then filtered and washed with methanol. The compound in the mother liquor is then converted to the ammonium form by adding an equal molar amount of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (3.65 g, 20.14 mmole) while keeping the reaction cooled by a salt/ice bath with efficient stirring. The resulting clear solution is placed under reduced pressure to give the crude product. To the tetramethylammonium di-tert-butyl-phosphate dissolved in refluxing dimethoxyethane is then added 4.3 grams of chloroiodomethane (24.16 mmole) and stirred for 1-2 hours. The reaction is then filtered and the filtrate is placed under reduced pressure to concentrate the solution in DME. The chloromethyl di-tert-butyl phosphate 12-16% in DME is used in the synthesis of 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1-((phosphonooxy)methyl)piperazin-1-ium without further purifications (60% yield): ^1HNMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 1.51 (s, 12H), 5.63 (d, 2H, J=14.8). ³¹P-NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ −11.3 (s, 1P).

Synthesis (B) of di-tert-butyl (chloromethyl)phosphate

[0189]
[0190]
Di-tert-butyl phosphate potassium salt (5 g, 20.14 mmole) is dissolved in methanol (15 g): to this solution at 0° C. a slight excess of concentrated HCl is slowly added with efficient stirring at 0° C. The addition of acid causes the precipitation of potassium chloride. The solid is then filtered and washed with methanol. The compound in the mother liquor is then converted to the ammonium form by adding an equal molar amount of tetrabuthylammonium hydroxide 1 M in methanol (20.14 mmole) while keeping the reaction cooled at 0° C. with efficient stirring. The resulting clear solution is placed under reduced pressure to give the intermediate product. The tetrabuthylammonium di-tert-butyl-phosphate dissolved in acetone is then added dropwise to 53.3 grams of chloroiodomethane (302.1 mmole) and stirred at 40° C. for 1-2 hours. The solvent and excess of chloroiodomethane are distilled off, the reaction mass suspended in TBME and then filtered. The filtrate is washed by a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate and water and then placed under reduced pressure to substitute the solvent by acetone, i.e., to remove the solvent after which it is replaced with acetone. The chloromethyl di-tert-butyl phosphate 7-20% in acetone is used in the next step without further purifications (70-80% yield): ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 1.51 (s, 12H), 5.63 (d, 2H, J=14.8). ³¹P-NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ −11.3 (s, 1P).

Stability studies of 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1-((phosphonooxy)methyl)piperazin-1-ium salts

[0191]
In order to further improve the stability and solubility of 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1-((phosphonooxy)methyl)piperazin-1-ium, a variety of its derivative salts were synthesized and tested. Their synthesis employed either a) neutralization of the dried diacid phosphate species and its corresponding base salts or b) a direct acid deprotection starting from the dried di(tert-butyl)-protected phosphate species. Neutralization was performed with L-histidine, magnesium salt, N-methyl-D-glucamine (dimeglumine), and L-lysine. Both procedures were tried in the synthesis of citric derivatives whereas with other acids the direct deprotection reaction was used. The figures below show the most relevant structures.
[0192]
When the parent acid species was not stored in dry condition it was found to undergo over 8% degradation in the first week and over 65% degradation in the first six months. When the dried parent acid species was held at 30° C. in air it underwent 0.05% degradation in the first 7 days and at total of 7.03% degradation in six months. When the dried parent acid species was held under argon at room temperature it underwent up to 0.13% degradation in the first 7 days but then was essentially stable for six months. Results for various derivative salts are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Representative Degradation Results for Salts Purity A % Solvents Additives Yield % HPLC Comments MeOH L-Histidine, 2 eq. 26.6% 95.94% Degradation: +0.70% in 6 days (in air) +0.46% in 6 days (in argon) MeOH Mg(OH)₂, 2 eq. 48.6% 94.11% Degradation: +0.81% in 6 days (in air) +0.29% in 6 days (in argon) MeOH + Citric acid, 2 eq. N.A. 94.40% From protected species. DCM, 1:1 MeOH 1. HCl dioxane, 4 eq. >90% 94.50% From protected species. 2. Ca(OH)₂ MeOH H₃PO₄, 85%, 2 eq. >90% 98.81% From protected species and retains 0.39% of that species. MeOH HBr, 48%, 4 eq. 84.6% 96.11% From protected species. Product degrades rapidly, MeOH + CH₃SO₃H N.A. 61.54% From protected species. DCM, Product NOT stable: contains 1:4 32.45% decomposition species. MeOH NaH₂PO₄, 4 eq. N.A. n.d. Only 1.27 of parent species formed. Poor reaction. MeOH N-methyl-D- N.A. 96.88% Degradation: glucamine +0.87% in 6 days (in air) (Meglumine), 2 eq. +1.52% in 11 days (in argon) MeOH N-methyl-D- >99% 97.42% Degradation: glucamine +0.77% in 6 days (in air) (Meglumine), 1 eq. +0.83% in 7 days (in argon) MeOH+ 1. NaOH, 3 eq 96.5% 97.49% Degradation: DCM, 2. Citric acid, 1 eq. +0.09% in 2 days (in argon) 5:2 +0.59% in 89 days (in argon) MeOH+ 1. NaOH, 3 eq. 93.8% 97.46% Degradation: DCM, 2. Fumaric acid, 1 eq. +1.95% in 14 days (in air) 5:2 +1.80% in 12 days (in argon) MeOH L-lysine, 1 eq. >99% 97.62% Degradation: +0.69% in 14 days (in air) +0.48% in 12 days (in argon)

[0194]
[0195]
The solution of chloromethyl di-tert-butyl phosphate in DME (250 g from a 10% solution, 96.64 mmole) was evaporated under reduced pressure until the formation of pale yellow oil, dissolved then at 50° C. with 318 ml of Acetonitrile. 17.2 g (80.54 mmole) of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphtalene and 46.6 g (80.54 mmole) of 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-N-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide were added and the solution heated at 90° C. for at least 12 h. After the addition of 75 g of isopropylether, the precipitated crude product was cooled at room temperature, filtered and washed with acetonitrile, isopropylether/acetone, 3:1 and isopropylether, and dried under reduced pressure to afford 20-33 g of the 4-(5-{2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N,2-dimethylpropanamido}-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1-{[(tert-butoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl}piperazin-1-ium as white solid (Yield: 30-50%). ¹H-NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 2H), 7.33-7.10 (m, 4H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 5.03 (d, 2H, J_PH=8.5 Hz), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m. 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 18H), 1.39 (s, 6H). ³¹P-NMR (CD₃OD, 161 MHz) δ −5.01 (s, 1P). To 20 g (23.89 mmole) of the 4-(5-{2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N,2-dimethylpropanamido}-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1-{[(tert-butoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl}piperazin-1-ium dissolved in 180 g of methanol and 400 g of dichloromethane was added HCl 4M in dioxane (18.8 g, 71.66 mmole) and the solution was heated for 3 h at reflux. After the addition of 200 g of dioxane, DCM and methanol were distilled under reduced pressure until precipitation of the product, which was filtered and washed with isopropylether (100 g), acetone (30 g) and pentane (2×60 g). The product was finally dried under reduced pressure at 55° C. to afford 15-17 g of 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1-((phosphonooxy)methyl)piperazin-1-ium chloride hydrochloride as white solid (Yield: 88-93%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.02 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.33-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.27 (d, 2H, J_PH=7.9 Hz), 4.29 (m, 2H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 6H). ³¹P-NMR (CD₃OD, 161 MHz) δ −2.81 (t, 1P, J_PH=7.9 Hz).

Synthesis (B) of 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1-((phosphonooxy)methyl)piperazin-1-ium chloride hydrochloride

[0196]
[0197]
To the solution of chloromethyl di-tert-butyl phosphate in Acetone (22.1 g from a 10% solution, 85.58 mmole), 15.5 g (103.24 mmole) of sodium iodide and 33.0 g (57.00 mmole) of netupitant were added and the solution heated at 50° C. for at 6-16 h. The precipitated salts were filtered off, the acetone distilled under reduced pressure and the crude product dissolved in 43.0 g of methanol and 43.0 g 1,4-dioxane. 12.6 g of HCl 4M in dioxane (113.85 mmole) were added, and then methanol is distilled off at 40° C. under reduced pressure. The solution is cooled at 5° C. and stirred at 5° C. for at least 2 h at 5° C. The product was isolated by filtration, purified by additional slurry in acetone (238 g), and filtered and washed with acetone (47 g) and pentane (2×72 g).
[0198]
The product was finally dried under reduced pressure at 60° C. to afford 22-30 g of white-yellowish solid (Yield: 50-70%)
[0199]
¹H-NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.02 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 7.33-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.27 (d, 2H, J_PH=7.9 Hz), 4.29 (m, 2H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 6H). ³¹P-NMR (CD₃OD, 161 MHz) δ −2.81 (t, IP, J_PH=7.9 Hz).

PATENT

US 8,426,450

PATENT

US 9,403,772

SYN

https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201901840

The synthesis of fosnetupitant (195) was developed by the Swiss company Helsinn (Scheme 34).[58] The synthesis started with the reaction of 6-chloronicotinic acid (196) with o-tolylmagnesium chloride followed by manganese(III) acetate to give acid derivative 197. This was converted to amide 198 after reaction with thionyl chloride and ammonium hydroxide. Next, reaction with N-methylpiperazine furnished intermediate 199, which was then transformed into carbamate 200 after reaction with NBS in methanol. Reduction with Red-Al followed by acylation with acyl chloride 202 afforded netupitant (203).

Finally, reaction with di-tert-butyl chloromethyl phosphate followed by the removal of the tert-butyl groups by treatment with HCl in dioxane afforded fosnetupitant (195).

L. Fadini, P. Manini, C. Pietra, C. Giuliano, E. Lovati, R. Cannella, S. Venturini, V. J. Stella, WO 082102 A1, 2013.

SYN

Fosnetupitant chloride HCl

PATENT

Fosnetupitant is a neurokynin-1 (“NK-1”) antagonist under development by Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano/Pazzallo Switzerland, for the treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. The compound is known chemically as 4-(5-(2-(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-l-methyl- 1 -((phosphonooxy)methyl)piperazin- 1 -ium, and has the following chemical structure in its acidic/free base form:

[004] The chloride monohydrochloride salt, and a method for its preparation, is described in WO 2013/082102. The chemical structure for this salt is reported as follows:

[005] The molecule can be challenging to manufacture, particularly in a highly pure crystalline form in a commercially acceptable yield. Solvents used in the manufacture of the product pose special challenges. Prior art processes have removed these solvents via evaporative techniques, which can degrade the fosnetupitant due to the excessive heat.

EXAMPLES

[089] In all the examples reported, unless otherwise reported, the starting compound was Form I of the chloride hydrochloride salt of 4-(5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)-l-methyl-l – ((phosphonooxy)methyl)piperazin-l-ium, produced substantially according to the methods described in WO 2013/082102.

EXAMPLE 1 : CHARACTERIZATION OF FOSNETUPITANT

1 . Experimental Methods

1.1 Solubility

[090] The solubility of the starting compound was determined in 25 pharmaceutically acceptable solvents (class II and III) of differing polarity. The procedure was as follows:

[091] Approximately 20 mg of material was weighed out into each glass vial.

[092] 5 volume aliquots of each solvent were added separately with stirring (i.e. 1 volume = 20 μΐ; hence, 5 volume = 100 μΐ (5 x 20 μΐ)).

[093] The mixture was stirred at RT for 5- 10 minutes. Visual checks were then made for solubility.

[094] If no solubility was achieved then steps (ii) and (iii) were repeated until either the solubility was achieved or the 50 volume aliquots of that solvent were added.

[095] Solubility was then approximated.

[096] Solubility was finally checked at the elevated temperature (40°C).

1.2 Polymorph Screen (including slurry studies)

[097] Using the information from the solubility study, the compound was slurried in the solvents outlined in Table I and two more mixtures of water/ MeOH (10:90) and water/ Acetone (1 :20) respectively with temperature cycling between 40°C and RT (4 hour periods at each temperature) over 48 hours. After the slurries the resulting solids were isolated and analyzed by Raman and XRPD (where enough material was available) for any change in physical form.

[098] The compound was also dissolved in the listed solvents and two more mixtures of water/organic solvent to yield saturated solutions, and crystallization was induced by: crash cooling (at ca. -1 8°C); evaporation (at RT); and addition of an anti-solvent. Solid materials generated were then isolated and examined by Raman and XRPD (where enough material was available).

1.3 Scale-up of any new polymorphic forms

[099] Any new potential polymorphic forms of the Form I fosnetupitant were then scaled-up to ~500mg level for further characterizations by PLM, SEM, DSC, TGA, GVS (XRPD post GVS) and NMR. Further studies of conversion between each polymorphic form were also performed. From this information, an understanding of the polymorphic space was achieved.

Synthetic Reference

Fadini, Luca; Manini, Peter; Pietra, Claudio; Giuliano, Claudio; Lovati, Emanuela; Cannella, Roberta; Venturini, Alessio; Stella, Valentino. (Assignee: Helsinn Healthcare SA, Switz). Substituted 4 – phenyl – pyridines for the treatment of nk-1 receptor related diseases. WO2013082102 (2013).

//////////Fosnetupitant, 07-PNET, Фоснетупитант , فوسنيتوبيتانت , 磷奈匹坦 , FDA 2014, EMA 2015

Umeclidinium bromide, ウメクリジニウム臭化物

July 24, 2018 10:41 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | Umeclidinium bromide | C29H34BrNO2 Umeclidinium bromide.png

Umeclidinium bromide

GSK-573719A, ウメクリジニウム臭化物

Molecular FormulaC₂₉H₃₄BrNO₂
Average mass508.490 Da

1-[2-(Benzyloxy)ethyl]-4-[hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl]-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide

1-Azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(phenylmethoxy)ethyl]-, bromide (1:1)

diphenyl-[1-(2-phenylmethoxyethyl)-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl]methanol;bromide

7AN603V4JV

869113-09-7 [RN]

9551

GSK573719A; UNII-7AN603V4JV

Umeclidinium bromide (trade name Incruse Ellipta) is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist approved for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).^[1] It is also approved for this indication in combination with vilanterol (as umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol).^[2]^[3]

In the 2014, the drug was also approved in the E.U. and in the U.S. for the maintenance treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was launched in the U.K. in October 2014 and in the U.S. in January 2015. In Japan, the product candidate was approved in 2015 as monotherapy for the maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and launched on October in the same year.

Image result for umeclidinium bromide synthesis

Umeclidinium bromide (Ellipta)
Umeclidinium bromide is a long-acting muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist developed by GlaxoSmithKline and approved by the US FDA at the end of 2013 for use in combination with vilanterol, a b2 agonist, for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.269 Due to umeclidinium’s poor oral bioavailability, the drug is administrated by inhalation as dry powder.269

The most likely scale preparation of the drug is described in Scheme .270
Commercially available ethyl isonipecotate (278) was alkylated with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane in the presence of K2CO3 in acetone to give ethyl 1-(2-chloroethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate (279). This material was then treated with lithium diisopropylamine (LDA) in THF to affect a transannular substitution reaction resulting in the cyclized quinuclidine 280 in 96% yield.270 Excess of phenyllithium was added to ester 280 in THF starting at low temperature then gradually warming to room temperature to give tertiary alcohol 281 in 61% yield. Amine 281 was finally alkylated with benzyl 2-bromoethyl ether (282) in MeCN/CHCl3 at elevated temperatures
to afford umeclidinium bromide (XXXV) in 69% yield.

269. Tal-Singer, R.; Cahn, A.; Mehta, R.; Preece, A.; Crater, G.; Kelleher, D.;Pouliquen, I. J. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2013, 701, 40.
270. Laine, D. I.; McCleland, B.; Thomas, S.; Neipp, C.; Underwood, B.; Dufour, J.;Widdowson, K. L.; Palovich, M. R.; Blaney, F. E.; Foley, J. J.; Webb, E. F.;Luttmann, M. A.; Burman, M.; Belmonte, K.; Salmon, M. J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 2493.

FDA

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/203975Orig1s000ChemR.pdf

1-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN105461710A/en

umeclidinium bromide prepared patent US7439393, US RE44874, US 7488827, US 7498440, US7361787 and the like using phenyllithium prepared by reaction of intermediate 4 – [(diphenyl) hydroxymethyl] azabicyclo [2.2.2 ] octane.Specific methods: azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-nucleophilic addition reaction with 4-carboxylate-fold amount of 2.02-2.5 phenyllithium occurs, the reaction temperature is controlled to -78 ° 0_15 ° C ο lithium Reagents expensive, difficult to store, use of harsh conditions, relatively high cost.

Example 1

Phenyl magnesium chloride: Under nitrogen atmosphere to 55g (2.3mol) of metallic magnesium sandpaper lit with 3 L of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise 215g (1.91mol) chlorobenzene, micro-thermal reaction proceeds, controlled dropping, the reaction was kept boiling, dropwise for about 1.5 hours, after the dropping was heated slightly under reflux for 30min. Cool reserve.

[0008] Example 2

Phenyl magnesium bromide: The under argon 50.4g (2.lmol) sandpaper lit magnesium metal with 4.2 liters of anhydrous ethyl ether was added a solution of 300g (1.91mol) of bromobenzene, was added an iodine initiator, electrical hair fever reaction proceeds, controlled dropping, the reaction was kept boiling, about 1.5 hours dropwise was added dropwise to a gentle reflux heated 30min. Cool reserve.

[0009] Example 3

Preparation of crude product: azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-4-carboxylate (135g, 0.736mo 1) was dissolved in 3L of tetrahydrofuran, under nitrogen, was cooled to -5~0 ° C, was added dropwise 300g preparation of benzyl bromide Grignard reagent. After incubation -5~0 ° C stirred for 1 hour (progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC sample). Adding 50ml of water quenching. Liquid separation, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with 500ml of tetrahydrofuran, and the combined organic phases were washed with water, dried and filtered. The solvent was partially removed under reduced pressure, the balance maintaining approximately 1L, the residue was stirred overnight at 20 ° C crystallization.Filtered, washed (petroleum ether 2 X 200 ml), the filter cake was dried at 40 ° C in vacuo to give a yellowish white crystals 121.2 g, yield 54.2%.

[0010] Example 4

Preparation of crude product: azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-4-carboxylate (18.3g, 0.lOmo 1) was dissolved in 3L of tetrahydrofuran, under nitrogen, was cooled to 0~5 ° C, was added dropwise 0.25 mol phenyl magnesium chloride. After incubation 0~5 ° C stirred for 1 hour (progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC sample) o quenched with 10ml of water was added. Liquid separation, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with 100ml of tetrahydrofuran, and the combined organic phases were washed with water, dried and filtered. The solvent was partially removed under reduced pressure, the balance maintaining approximately 50mL, the residue was stirred overnight at 20 ° C crystallization.Filtered, washed (petroleum ether 2X20 ml), the filter cake was dried at 40 ° C in vacuo to give a yellowish white crystals 14.63 g, yield 48.1%.

[0011] Example 5

Preparation of crude product: azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-4-carboxylate (18.38,0.1011101) ^ 31 was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, under nitrogen, was cooled to 5~15 ° C, was added dropwise 0.30 mol of benzene bromide. After incubation 5~15 ° C stirred for 1 hour (progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC sample) o quenched with 10ml of water was added. Liquid separation, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with 100ml of tetrahydrofuran, and the combined organic phases were washed with water, dried and filtered. The solvent was partially removed under reduced pressure, the balance maintaining approximately 50mL, the residue was stirred overnight at 20 ° C crystallization.Filtered, washed (petroleum ether 2 X 20 ml), the filter cake was dried at 40 ° C in vacuo to yield 13.80 g of yellow-white crystals, yield 47.1%.

[0012] Example 6

Umeclidinium bromide purification: 100g crude product was dissolved in 320ml of water to 80 ° C a mixture of 640ml of acetone, add 5g active carbon, and filtered.The filtrate was cooled to 25 ° C, for 1 hour. Within 1 to 2 hours and cooled to 0~5 ° C for 3 hours. The filter cake with chilled 1: 2 acetone – washed twice with water (2x20ml). The filter cake was dried in vacuo at 60 ° C to give white crystalline solid (92 g, yield 92%). Purity (HPLC normalization method) 99.25%.

[0013] Example 7

Umeclidinium bromide purification: 100g crude product was dissolved in 180ml water at 50 ° C a mixture of 360ml of acetone, add 5g active carbon, and filtered.The filtrate was ~ 2 hours to 25 ° C, for 1 hour. Within 1 to 2 hours cooled to 0 ° C and left overnight protection. The filter cake with chilled 1: 2 acetone – washed twice with water (2x20ml). The filter cake was dried at 60 ° C in vacuo to give fine (98.3 g, yield 98.3%). Purity (HPLC normalization method) 97.75%.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014027045A1

International Patent Publication Number WO 2005/104745 (Glaxo Group Limited), filed 27^th April 2005, discloses muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists. In particular, WO 2005/104745 discloses 4- [hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl]-l-{2-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]ethyl}-l-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide, of formula (I), and a process for the preparation of this compound (Example 84):

4-[Hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl]-l-{2-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]ethyl}-l-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide may also be referred to as umeclidinium bromide.

International Patent Publication Number WO 2011/029896 (Glaxo Group Limited), filed 10^th September 2010, discloses an alternative preparation for an early intermediate, ethyl-l-azabicyclo[2.2.2] octane-4-carboxylate, in the multi-step synthesis of umeclidinium bromide.

There exists a need for an alternative process for the preparation of umeclidinium bromide. In particular, a process that offers advantages over those previously disclosed in WO 2005/104745 and WO 2011/029896 is desired. Advantages may include, but are not limited to, improvements in safety, control (i.e of final product form and physical characteristics), yield, operability, handling, scalability, and efficiency.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention provides, in a first aspect, a process for the preparation of umeclidinium bromide, which comprises: a) reacting ((2-bromoethoxy)methyl)benzene, of formula (II)

in a dipolar aprotic solvent with a boiling point greater than about 90°C or an alcohol with a boiling point greater than about 80°C; and optionally

b) re-crystallising the product of step (a).

The present invention is further directed to intermediates used in the preparation of the compound of formula (III), and hence of umeclidinium bromide. The process disclosed herein provides a number of advantages over prior art processes of WO 2005/104745 and WO 2011/029896.

PATENT

EP 3248970

FORM A B AND AMORPHOUS

https://patents.google.com/patent/EP3248970A1/en

The invention relates to novel solid forms of umeclidinium bromide (I), chemically 1-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide. In particular, to its novel crystalline forms, identified as form A and form B, as well as to an amorphous form, and to their characterization by means of analytic methods. The invention further relates to methods of their preparation and their use for the preparation of umeclidinium bromide in the API quality.

Umeclidinium bromide is indicated as an inhalation anticholinergic drug with an ultra-long-term effect in cooperating patients with the diagnosis of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD is defined as a preventable and treatable disease that is characterized by a persistent obstruction of air flow in the bronchi (bronchial obstruction), which usually progresses and is related to an intensified inflammatory response of the airways to harmful particles or gases. The main goal of the treatment of COPD is an improvement of the current control, i.e. elimination of symptoms, improvement of toleration of physical effort, improvement of the health condition and reduction of future risks, i.e. prevention and treatment of exacerbations, prevention of progression of the disease and mortality reduction

The structure of umeclidinium bromide, 1-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-azabicyklo[2.2.2]octane bromide, is first mentioned in the general patent application WO2005009362 of 2003 .

Preparation of umeclidinium bromide is first disclosed in the patent EP 1 740 177B ( WO2005104745 ), where two methods (A and B) are mentioned, differing in the final processing and the product yield (method B included in Scheme 1). There, the last steps of the synthesis are described, the product being described by means of EI-MS, ¹H NMR and elementary analysis. There is no information concerning the chemical purity or polymorphic form.

Another preparation method of umeclidinium bromide is disclosed in the patent application WO 2014027045 , where three forms are also described (identified as forms 1 to 3), prepared using a method that is different from the procedure disclosed in the patent EP 1 740 177B .

Preparation of the amorphous form of umeclidinium bromide

1-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide (100 mg, 0.197 mmol, purity UPLC 98.89%) is dissolved at the temperature of 25°C in a water: tert-butanol mixture in the volume ratio of 6:4 (total 70 ml). The clear solution is freeze-dried (a bath with a mixture of dry ice and ethanol, -70°C) and lyophilized (vacuum: 1.8 Pa for 72 h). An amorphous form of umeclidinium bromide was obtained (100 mg). This amorphous form was confirmed with DSC and X-ray powder diffraction. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern is shown in Fig. 8 and the DSC record in Fig. 9.

PAPER

Synthetic Communications An International Journal for Rapid Communication of Synthetic Organic Chemistry , Volume 48, 2018 – Issue 9, Convenient new synthesis of umeclidinium bromide

Umeclidinium bromide, a drug used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is synthesized through a new intermediate of phenyl(quinuclidin-4-yl)methanone. This novel method with simple operation flow and cheap reagents, makes it suitable for scale up. The overall four-step process provides umeclidinium bromide in 29% yield and the purity up to 99.83%. The X-ray crystal structure of the drug molecule was first reported.

External links

Incruse Ellipta (umeclidinium inhalation powder) Official Site

References

^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Incruse Ellipta (umeclidinium inhalation powder) for Oral Inhalation Use. Full Prescribing Information” (PDF). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
Jump up^ Feldman, GJ; Edin, A (2013). “The combination of umeclidinium bromide and vilanterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Current evidence and future prospects”. Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease. 7 (6): 311–9. doi:10.1177/1753465813499789. PMID 24004659.
Jump up^ “FDA Approves Umeclidinium and Vilanterol Combo for COPD”. Medscape. December 18, 2013.

Umeclidinium bromide
Clinical data

Trade names	Incruse Ellipta
Synonyms	GSK573719A
License data	EU EMA: by INN
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Inhalation (DPI)
ATC code	R03BB07 (WHO) R03AL03 (WHO) (+vilanterol)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	~89%^[1]
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP2D6)
Elimination half-life	11 hours
Excretion	Feces (58%) and urine(22%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	869113-09-7
PubChem CID	11519069
ChemSpider	9693857
KEGG	D10181
ChEBI	CHEBI:79040
ECHA InfoCard	100.166.375
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₉H₃₄BrNO₂
Molar mass	508.49 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

//////////////Umeclidinium bromide, Incruse Ellipta, ウメクリジニウム臭化物 , GSK573719A, UNII-7AN603V4JV, FDA 2014

C1C[N+]2(CCC1(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)O)CCOCC5=CC=CC=C5.[Br-]

Synthesis

FDA Orange Book Patents: 1 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	9750726
Expiration	Nov 29, 2030
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N203975 (Prescription Drug: ANORO ELLIPTA. Ingredients: UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 2 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	6759398
Expiration	Aug 3, 2021
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 3 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	7439393
Expiration	May 21, 2025
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N203975 (Prescription Drug: ANORO ELLIPTA. Ingredients: UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 4 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	7629335
Expiration	Aug 3, 2021
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 5 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	7776895
Expiration	Sep 11, 2022
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 6 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	8161968
Expiration	Feb 5, 2028
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 7 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	8201556
Expiration	Feb 5, 2029
Applicant	GLAXO GRP ENGLAND
Drug Application	N205382 (Prescription Drug: INCRUSE ELLIPTA . Ingredients: UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 8 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	6537983
Expiration	Aug 3, 2021
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 9 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	7498440
Expiration	Apr 27, 2025
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 10 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	7488827
Expiration	Dec 18, 2027
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N203975 (Prescription Drug: ANORO ELLIPTA. Ingredients: UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 11 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	8183257
Expiration	Jul 27, 2025
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 12 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	6878698
Expiration	Aug 3, 2021
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 13 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	8511304
Expiration	Jun 14, 2027
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 14 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	RE44874
Expiration	Mar 23, 2023
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 15 of 15 (FDA Orange Book Patent ID)
Patent	8309572
Expiration	Apr 27, 2025
Applicant	GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Drug Application	N209482 (Prescription Drug: TRELEGY ELLIPTA. Ingredients: FLUTICASONE FUROATE UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDE VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE)

from FDA Orange Book

WO2005009362A22003-07-172005-02-03Glaxo Group LimitedMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists

WO2005104745A22004-04-272005-11-10Glaxo Group LimitedMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists

WO2014027045A12012-08-152014-02-20Glaxo Group LimitedChemical process

VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

June 8, 2018 1:28 pm / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | Vorapaxar | C29H33FN2O4

VORAPAXAR

Thrombosis, Antiplatelet Therapy, PAR1 Antagonists , MERCK ..ORIGINATOR

Ethyl N-[(3R,3aS,4S,4aR,7R,8aR,9aR)-4-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridyl]vinyl]-3-methyl-1-oxo-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-decahydro-3H-benzo[f]isobenzofuran-7-yl]carbamate

Carbamic acid, [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-, ethyl ester

Carbamic acid, N-[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-, ethyl ester

Ethyl [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridinyl]vinyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamate

Ethyl ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethenyl)- 1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)carbamate

Carbamic acid, ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl)ethenyl)dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)-, ethyl ester

618385-01-6 CAS NO FREE FORM

CAS Number: 705260-08-8 SULPHATE

Has antiplatelet activity.

Also known as: SCH-530348, MK-5348

Molecular Formula: C₂₉H₃₃FN₂O₄

Molecular Weight: 492.581723

ZCE93644N2

UNII-ZCE93644N2
Zontivity

Registered – 2015 MERCK Thrombosis

Vorapaxar (formerly SCH 530348) is a thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor, PAR-1) antagonist based on the natural product himbacine. Discovered by Schering-Plough and currently being developed by Merck & Co., it is an experimental pharmaceutical treatment for acute coronary syndrome chest pain caused by coronary artery disease.^[1]

In January 2011, clinical trials being conducted by Merck were halted for patients with stroke and mild heart conditions.^[2] In a randomized double-blinded trial comparing vorapaxar with placebo in addition to standard therapy in 12,944 patients who had acute coronary syndromes, there was no significant reduction in a composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, or urgent coronary revascularization. However, there was increased risk of major bleeding.^[3]

A trial published in February 2012, found no change in all cause mortality while decreasing the risk of cardiac death and increasing the risk of major bleeding.^[4]

SCH-530348 is a protease-activated thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist developed by Schering-Plough and waiting for approval in U.S. for the oral secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with a history of heart attack and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. The drug candidate is being investigated to determine its potential to provide clinical benefit without the liability of increased bleeding; a tendency associated with drugs that block thromboxane or ADP pathways. In April 2006, SCH-530348 was granted fast track designation in the U.S. for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality outcomes in at-risk patients.

Vorapaxar was recommended for FDA approval on January 15, 2014.^[5]

Vorapaxar is a protease-activated thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist developed by Schering-Plough (now, Merck & Co.) and approved in the U.S. in 2014 for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or with peripheral arterial disease. However, in 2018 Aralez discontinued U.S. commercial operations. In 2015, the product was approved in the E.U. for the reduction of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with a history of myocardial infarction. In April 2006, vorapaxar was granted fast track designation in the U.S. for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality outcomes in at-risk patients. In 2016, Aralez Pharmaceuticals acquired the U.S. and Canadian rights to the product pursuant to an asset purchase agreement entered into between this company and Merck & Co.

Merck & Co (following its acquisition of Schering-Plough) has developed and launched vorapaxar (Zontivity; SCH-530348; MK-5348), an oral antagonist of the thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1; PAR1); the product is marketed in the US by Aralez Pharmaceuticals

WO-03089428, published in October 2003, claims naphtho[2,3-c]furan-3-one derivatives as thrombin receptor antagonists. WO-03033501 and WO-0196330, published in April 2003 and December 2001, respectively, claim himbacine analogs as thrombin receptor antagonists. WO-9926943 published in June 1999 claims tricyclic compounds as thrombin receptor antagonists

VORAPAXAR

17 JAN 2014
FDA advisory panel votes to approve Merck & Co’s vorapaxar REF 6

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/204886Orig1s000ChemR.pdf

Zontivity (vorapaxar) tablets NDA 204886

VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

2D chemical structure of 705260-08-8

CAS Number: 705260-08-8 SULPHATE

Molecular Formula: C29H33FN2O4.H2O4S

Molecular Weight: 590.7

Chemical Name: Ethyl [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2- yl]ethenyl]-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamate sulfate

Synonyms: Carbamic acid, [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-,ethyl ester,sulfate; SCH-530348

Vorapaxar Sulfate (SCH 530348) a thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist for the prevention and treatment of atherothrombosis.

POLYMORPH

U.S.Pat. No. 7,304,078 discloses Vorapaxar base. U.S.Pat. No. 7,235,567 discloses Polymorph I and II of vorapaxar sulphate

CN 106478608 provides a crystalline polymorph A

EMA

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002814/WC500183331.pdf

Atherosclerosis and ischemic cardiovascular (CV) diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD) are progressive systemic disorders in which clinical events are precipitated by episodes of vascular thrombosis. Patients with an established history of atherothrombotic or athero-ischemic disease are at particular risk of future cardiac or cerebral events, and vascular death. Anti-thrombotic therapy options in patients with stable atherosclerosis are not well-established. Long-term therapies to effectively modulate the key components responsible for atherothrombosis in secondary prevention of ischemic CV disease are therefore required. Vorapaxar is a first – in – class selective antagonist of the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), the primary thrombin receptor on human platelets, which mediates the downstream effects of this critical coagulation factor in hemostasis and thrombosis. Thrombin-induced platelet activation has been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular disorders including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). As an antagonist of PAR-1, vorapaxar blocks thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation and thereby has the potential to reduce the risk of atherothrombotic complications of coronary disease. The applicant has investigated whether a new class of antiplatelet agents, PAR-1 antagonists, can further decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in a population of established atherothrombosis when added to standard of care, in secondary prevention of ischemic diseases. The following therapeutic indication has been submitted for vorapaxar: Vorapaxar is indicated for the reduction of atherothrombotic events in patients with a history of MI. Vorapaxar has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, and urgent coronary revascularization. Vorapaxar will be contraindicated in patients with a history of stroke or TIA. The indication sought in the current application is supported by the efficacy results of the TRA 2P-TIMI, which is considered the pivotal trial for this indication. During the procedure, the applicant requested the possibility of extending the indication initially sought for, to extend it to the population of PAD patients. This request was discussed at the CHMP and not accepted by the Committee.

Introduction The finished product is presented as immediate release film-coated tablets containing 2.5 mg of vorapaxar sulfate as active substance per tablet, corresponding to 2.08 mg vorapaxar. Other ingredients are: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose (E460), croscarmellose sodium (E468), povidone (E1201) , magnesium stearate (E572), hypromellose (E464), titanium dioxide (E171), triacetin (glycerol triacetate) (E1518), iron oxide yellow (E172), as described in section 6.1 of the SmPC. The product is available in Aluminium–Aluminium blisters (Alu-Alu) as described in section 6.5 of the SmPC.

General information The chemical name of the active substance vorapaxar sulfate is ethyl[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)- -9-{(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethen-1-yl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c] furan-6-yl]carbamate sulfate, corresponding to the molecular formula C29H33FN2O4 • H2SO4 and has a relative molecular mass 590.7. It has the following structure:

The structure of the active substance has been confirmed by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, all of which support the chemical structure elemental analysis. It appears as a white to off-white, slightly hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in methanol and slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone but insoluble to practically insoluble in aqueous solutions at pH above 3.0. The highest solubility in aqueous solution can be achieved at pH 1.0 or in simulated gastric fluids at pH 1.4. The dissociation constant of vorapaxar sulfate was determined to be pKa = 4.7 and its partition coefficient LogP was determined to be 5.1. Vorapaxar sulfate contains seven chiral centers and a trans double bond. The seven chiral centres are defined by the manufacturing process of one of the intermediates in the vorapaxar synthesis and potential enantiomers are controlled by appropriate specifications. The cis-isomer of the double bond is controlled by a highly stereo-specific process reaction resulting in non-detectable levels of cis-isomer impurity. The cis-isomer impurity is controlled in one of the intermediates as an unspecified impurity. A single crystalline stable anhydrous form has been observed.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

SIMILAR NATURAL PRODUCT

+ HIMBACINE

(+)-Himbacine ~98% (GC), powder, muscarinic receptor antagonist

Himbacine is an alkaloid muscarinic receptor antagonist displaying more potent activity associated with M2 and M2 subtypes over M1 or M3. Observations show himbacine bound tightly to various chimeric receptors in COS-7 cells as well as possessed the ability to bind to cardiac muscarinic receptors allosterically. Recent studies have produced series of thrombin receptor (PAR1) antagonists derived from himbacine Himbacine is an inhibitor of mAChR M2 and mAChR M4.

Technical Information

Physical State:	Solid
Derived from:	Australian pine Galbulimima baccata
Solubility:	Soluble in ethanol (50 mg/ml), methanol, and dichloromethane. Insoluble in water.
Storage:	Store at -20° C
Melting Point:	132-134 °C
Boiling Point:	469.65 °C at 760 mmHg
Density:	1.08 g/cm³
Refractive Index:	n²⁰_D 1.57
Optical Activity:	α20/D +51.4º, c = 1.01 in chloroform

Application:	An alkaloid muscarinic receptor antagonist
CAS Number:	6879-74-9

Molecular Weight:	345.5
Molecular Formula:	C₂₂H₃₅NO₂

General scheme:

PATENT

WO 2006076415

WO 2006076452

WO 2003089428

US 6063847

CN 107540564

WO 2008005344

CN 106749138

PATENT

CN 105348241 prepn

Example 1:

[0027] The steel shed amide (300mg, 7. 93mmol) and 15 blood THF was added to 100 blood Ξ jar. The starting material II (2.OOg, 5. 89mmol) was dissolved in 15mL of THF dropwise via pressure-equalizing dropping funnel to the reaction system, the process temperature will produce a large number of bubbles -2 ~ 0 ° C, in the process, Lan mix of about 0.1 until no bubbles generate. THF solution containing 13 Blood Ship (0.75 Yap, 2. 95mmol) is transferred to a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel. It was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. After the completion of dropwise continue to embrace mix ratio. After the treatment, at 0 ° C under 0.8 blood, Imol / L 1 fat slowly dropped into the embrace mixed reaction system, after adding the right amount of water, acetic acid extraction. The combined organic phase with Imol / L of 0H (17mLX3) washing the organic phase coating. Tu brine, dried over anhydrous sulfate steel, 25 ° C under reduced pressure to spin dry to give 1. 75g light yellow oil, yield 91%.

[0028] After the content was determined using the external standard method, first prepared by a qualified reference determine its content, W this as a standard substance, measuring the external standard method to get the content of 99%.

[0029] Zan NMR: (400MHz, CD3CN):… 5 46 of r, 1H), 4 70 (td, 1H), 4 03 based 2H), 3 69-3 57 (m, 2 Η).. , 3. 45-3. 32 (based, IH), 2. 77 (br, IH), 2. 61-2. 51 (m, IH), 2. 49-2. 39 (m, 1 field, 2 30 of r IH), 2 .12-1. 92 (m, IH), 1. 87 (dt, IH), 1. 81-1. 72 (m, IH), 1. 61-1. 50 ( …. m, IH), 1 48 (d, 3H), 1 23-1 09 (m, 7H), 1. 05-0 90 (m, 2H);

[0030] MS (ES +) m / z: 326. 24 [M + + field.

[Cited 00] Example 2:

[003 cited the steel shed amide (312mg, 8. 25mmol) and 16 blood THF was added to the lOOmL Ξ jar. The starting material II (2.OOg, 5. 89mmol) was dissolved in 15mL of THF dropwise via pressure-equalizing dropping funnel to the reaction system, the process temperature will produce a large number of bubbles -2 ~ -5 ° C, in the process and takes about 45min mix until no bubbles generate. The 13 ships of blood containing 60g, 2. 36mmol) in THF solution was transferred to a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel. It was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. After the completion of dropwise continue to embrace mix ratio. After the treatment, at 0 ° C under 0.8 blood, Imol / L 1 fat slowly dropped into the embrace mixed reaction system, after adding the right amount of water, acetic acid extraction. The combined organic phase with llmol / L of 0H (17mLX3) washing the organic phase coating. Tu brine, dried over anhydrous sulfate steel, 25 ° C under reduced pressure to spin dry to give 1. 65g light yellow oil.

[0033] Determination of Reference Example 1 in an amount of 98.7%.

[0034] MS (ES +) m / z: 326. 24 [M + + field.

[003 cited Example 3:

[0036] 50 single jar of blood, condenser. Intermediate inb (l.〇〇g, 3. 07mmol) was dissolved in 10ml of dichloromethane burn during and after the blood was added to a 50-port flask, make dioxide of 32g, 3.68mmol), the reaction of reflux. After completion of the reaction by TLC, cooled to 20 ~ 25 ° C after suction filtration, the filter cake rinsed with methylene burning (the X3 3 blood), at 30 ° CW and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. To the residue was added 5 blood acetic acid, at 20 ~ 25 ° C after mixing 0. embrace of suction, the resulting cake was vacuum dried at 30 ° C 10 ~ 12h. Give 0. 87g of white solid.

[0037] Electric NMR: (400MHz, CD3CN):. 9 74 oriented 1H), 5 40 of r, 1H), 4 77-4.66 (m, 1H), 4 09-3 98 (m, 2H…. ), 3. 49-3. 37 (m, IH), 2. 75-2. 64 (m, 2H), 2. 55-2. 48 (m, IH), 1. 95-1. 87 (m , 2H), 1. 89-1 .77 (m, 2H), 1. 61-1. 49 (m, IH), 1. 32-1. 13 (m, 9H), 1. 08-0. 82 (m, 2H);

[0038] MS (ES +) m / z: 324. 33 [M + + field.

PATENT

CN 106478608 crystal

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106478608A/en

The present invention provides a crystalline polymorph A one kind of the compound of formula I:

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing a crystalline polymorph of compound A I,

Which comprising, a) the compound II is dissolved in acetonitrile and stirred to form a mixture; b) heating the mixture to 50 ° C ~ 70 ° C; c) adding sulfuric acid to the heated mixture; d) evaluating the temperature was lowered to 0 ° C ~ 20 ° C, seeded and stirred to precipitate crystals.

Preparation [0042] A crystalline polymorph of the compound of Example 1 I

Compound II (1. 0g) was dissolved in 5. 0ml of acetonitrile, stirred and heated to 50 ° C ~ 70 ° C was added and this temperature was added 1.2ml 2N H2S04 / acetonitrile solution and then lowering the temperature of the system to 15 ° C ~ 20 ° C, the system was added to the appropriate amount of seed crystals and stirred for 2h, the precipitated solid was filtered and the cake washed twice with 2. 5ml of acetonitrile to give a white solid, the white solid was placed under 40 ° C desolventizing 2 hours and then dried at 80 ° C for vacuo to give a white solid 0. 83 g, 69. 3% yield, HPLC:. 99 94%. A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum shown in Figure 1, a DSC endothermic curve shown in Figure 2, which HPLC profile shown in Fig.

PATENT

CN 201510551080

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106478608A/en

PATENT

WO 2009093972 synthesis

https://encrypted.google.com/patents/WO2009093972A1?cl=ko&hl=en&output=html_text

Clip

Vorapaxar sulfate (Zontivity)
Merck Sharp & Dohme successfully obtained approval in the EU in 2014 for vorapaxar sulfate, marketed as Zontivity. The drug is a first-in-class thrombin receptor (also referred to as a protease-activated or PAR-1) antagonist which, when used in conjunction with antiplatelet therapy, has been shown to reduce the chance of
myocardial infarction and stroke, particularly in patients with a history of cardiac events.277

Antagonism of PAR-1 allows for thrombin-mediated fibrin deposition while blocking thrombinmediated platelet activation.277 Although a variety of papers and patents describe the synthesis of vorapaxar sulfate (XXXVII),278–282 a combination of two patents describe the largest-scale synthesis reported in the literature, and this is depicted in Scheme 52.

Retrosynthetically, the drug can be divided into olefination partners 306 and 305.283,284 Lactone 305
is further derived from synthons 300 and 299, which are readily prepared from commercially available starting materials. Dienyl acid 300 was constructed in two steps starting from commercial vinyl bromide 307, which first undergoes a Heck reaction with methacrylate (308) followed by saponification of the ester to afford the desired acid 300 in 71% over two steps (Scheme 53).

The synthesis of alcohol 299 begins with tetrahydropyranyl (THP) protection of enantioenriched alcohol 295 to afford butyne 297 (Scheme 52). Lithiation of this system followed by trapping with (benzyloxy)chloroformate and Dowex work-up to remove the protective functionality provided acetyl ester 298. Hydrogenation of the alkyne with Lindlar’s catalyst delivered cis-allylic alcohol 299 in 93% yield. Acid 300 was then esterified with alcohol 299 by way of a 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling and, upon heating in refluxing xylenes, an intramolecular Diels–
Alder reaction occurred. Subsequent subjection to DBU secured the tricyclic system 301 in 38% over three steps as a single enantiomer.
Diastereoselective hydrogenation reduced the olefin with concomitant benzyl removal to give key fragment 302. Next, acidic revelation of the ketone followed by reductive amination with ammonium formate delivered primary amines 303a/303b as a mixture of diastereomers. These amines were then converted to the corresponding carbamates, and resolution by means of recrystallization yielded 50% of 304 as the desired diastereomer. Acid 304
was treated with oxalyl chloride and the resulting acid chloride was reduced to aldehyde 305 in 66% overall yield. Finally, deprotonation of phosphonate ester 306 (whose synthesis is described in Scheme 54) followed by careful addition of 305 and acidic quench delivered vorapaxar sulfate (XXXVII) in excellent yield over the
two-step protocol.

The preparation of vorapaxar phosponate ester 306 (Scheme 54)commenced from commercial sources of 5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpyridine (310). Removal of the methyl proton with LDA followed by quench with diethyl chlorophosphonate resulted in phosponate ester 306.

277. Frampton, J. E. Drugs 2015, 75, 797.
278. Chackalamannil, S.; Wang, Y.; Greenlee, W. J.; Hu, Z.; Xia, Y.; Ahn, H.; Boykow,G.; Hsieh, Y.; Palamanda, J.; Agans-Fantuzzi, J.; Kurowski, S.; Graziano, M.;Chintala, M. J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 3061.
279. Sudhakar, A.; Kwok, D.; Wu, G. G.; Green, M. D. WO Patent 2006076452A2,2006.

280. Wu, G. G.; Sudhakar, A.; Wang, T.; Ji, X.; Chen, F. X.; Poirier, M.; Huang, M.;Sabesan, V.; Kwok, D.; Cui, J.; Yang, X.; Thiruvengadam, T.; Liao, J.; Zavialov, I.;Nguyen, H. N.; Lim, N. K. WO Patent 2006076415A2, 2006.
281. Yong, K. H.; Zavialov, I. A.; Yin, J.; Fu, X.; Thiruvengadam, T. K. US Patent20080004449A1, 2008.
282. Chackalamannil, S.; Clasby, M.; Greenlee, W. J.; Wang, Y.; Xia, Y.; Veltri, E.;Chelliah, M. WO Patent 03089428A1, 2003.
283. Thiruven-Gadam, T. K.; Wang, T.; Liao, J.; Chiu, J. S.; Tsai, D. J. S.; Lee, H.; Wu,W.; Xiaoyong, F. WO Patent 2006076564A1, 2006.
284. Chackalamannil, S.; Asberon, T.;Xia, Y.; Doller, D.; Clasby, M. C.; Czarniecki,M. F. US Patent 6,063,847, 2000.

PRODUCT PATENT

SYNTHESIS

WO2003089428A1

Inventor Samuel Chackalamannil Martin C. Clasby William J. Greenlee Yuguang Wang Yan Xia Enrico P. Veltri Mariappan Chelliah Wenxue Wu

Original Assignee Schering Corporation

Priority date 2002-04-16

THE EXACT BELOW COMPD IS 14

Example 2

Step 1 :

Phosphonate 7, described in US 6,063,847, (3.27 g, 8.1 mmol) was dissolved in THF (12 ml) and C(O)Oled to 0 °C, followed by addition of 2.5 M n- BuLi (3.2 ml, 8.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min and warmed up to rt. A solution of aldehyde 6, described in US 6,063,847, in THF (12 ml) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. Standard aqueous work-up, followed by column chromatography (30-50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 8. ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 0.92-1.38 (m, 31 H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.90 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.89 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.28-6.41 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H), 8.19 (br s, 1 H). Step 2:

Compound 8 (2.64 g, 4.8 mmol) was dissolved in THF (48 ml). The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C followed by addition of 1 M TBAF (4.8 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min followed by standard aqueous work-up. Column chromatography (50% EtOAc/hexane) afforded product 9 (1.9 g, 100%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 1 H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.18- 6.45 (m, 2H), 7.19 (br s, 2H), 8.19 (br s, 1 H). Step 3:

To a solution of compound 9 (250 mg, 0.65 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml) C(O)Oled to 0 °C was added Tf₂O (295 μL, 2.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt. Standard aqueous work-up followed by column chromatography afforded product 10 (270 mg, 80%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 1 H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.42-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1 H), 7.55 (m, 1 H), 8.49 (d, J= 2.8 Hz, 1 H).

Compound 10 (560 mg, 1.1 mmol), 3-fluorophenyl boronic acid (180 mg, 1.3 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (500 mg, 3.6 mmol) were mixed with toluene (4.4 ml), H₂O (1.5 ml) and EtOH (0.7 ml) in a sealed tube. Under an atmosphere of N₂, Pd(Ph₃P)₄ (110 mg, 0.13 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled down to rt, poured to EtOAc (30 ml) and washed with water (2X20 ml). The EtOAc solution was dried with NaHCO₃ and concentrated at reduced pressure to give a residue. Preparative TLC separation of the residue (50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 11 (445 mg, 89%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.59 (m, 6H), 1.43 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.52-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.44 (m, 1 H), 7.81 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1 H). Step 5:

Compound 11 (445 mg, 0.96 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of acetone (10 ml) and 1 N HCI (10 ml). The reaction mixture was heated at 50 °C for 1 h.

Standard aqueous work-up followed by preparative TLC separation (50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 12 (356 mg, 89%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.21-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.47 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 3H), 1.58-1.65 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 1 H), 2.18-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.35- 2.51 (m, 5H), 2.71 (m, 1 H), 4.79 (m, 1 H), 6.52-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.44 (m, 1 H), 7.81 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1 H). Step 6:

Compound 12 (500 mg, 4.2 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (40 ml) and CH₂CI₂ (15 ml) NH₃ (g) was bubbled into the solution for 5 min. The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C followed by addition of Ti(O/^‘Pr)₄ (1.89 ml, 6.3 mmol). After stirring at 0 °C for 1 h, 1 M TiCI (6.3 ml, 6.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in CH₃OH (10 ml) and NaBH₃CN (510 mg, 8 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt. The reaction mixture was poured to 1 N NaOH (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3x 100 ml). The organic layer was combined and dried with NaHC0₃. Removal of solvent and separation by PTLC (5% 2 M NH₃ in CH₃OH/ CH₂CI₂) afforded β-13 (spot 1 , 30 mg, 6%) and α-13 (spot 2, 98 mg, 20%). β-13: ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.50-1.38 (m, 5H), 1.42 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.51-1.75 (m, 5H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m, 1 H), 2.45 (m, 1 H), 3.38 (br s, 1 H), 4.78 (m, 1 H), 6.59 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (m, 1 H), 7.82 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 2 Hz, 1 H). α-13:¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 0.95 (m, 2H), 1.02-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 4H), 2.37 (m; 2H), 2.69 (m, 2H), 4.71 (m, 1 H), 6.71 (m, 2H), 7.11 (m, 1 H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (m, 1 H), 7.80 (m, 1 H), 8.76 (d, J= 1.6 Hz, 1 H). Step 7:

Compound α-13 (300 mg, 0.71 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂CI₂ (10 ml) followed by addition of Et₃N (0.9 ml). The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C and ethyl chloroformate (0.5 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was directly separated by preparative TLC (EtOAc/ hexane, 1 :1) to give the title compound (14) VORAPAXAR (300 mg, 86%). MS m/z 493 (M+1).

HRMS Calcd for C₂₉H₃₄N₂O₄F (M+1 ): 493.2503, found 493.2509.

PATENT

SYNTHESIS 1

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006076564A1

VORAPAXAR= COMPD A

Example 6 – Preparation of Compound A

To a three-neck flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen inertion was added 7A (13.0 g), THF (30 mL). The mixture was cooled to below -20⁰C after which lithium diisopropylamide (2M, 20 mL) was slowly added. The reaction mixture was agitated for an additional hour (Solution A). To another flask was added 6 (10.0 g) and THF (75 mL) . The mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes and then slowly transferred into the solution A while maintaining the temperature below 20⁰C. The mixture was stirred at below -20⁰C for an additional hour before quenching the reaction by adding 20 mL of water. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0⁰C and the pH was adjusted to about 7 by addition of 25% HaSO₄ (11 mL). The mixture was further warmed to 20⁰C and then diluted with 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 70 mL of water. The two phases that had formed were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The solvents THF and ethyl acetate were then replaced with ethanol, and the Compound A was precipitated out as a crystalline solid from ethanol with seeding at 35 to 4O⁰C. After cooling to O⁰C, the suspension was stirred for an additional hour and then the product was filtered and washed with cold ethanol. The product was dried at 50 – 60⁰C under vacuum to provide an off-white solid. VORAPAXAR

Yield: 12.7 g, (90%). m.p. 104.9⁰C (DSC onset point).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.88 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, IH), 8.10 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.4 Hz, IH), 7.64 (IH), 7.61 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, IH), 7.55 (m, J = 8.2, 6.2 Hz, IH), 7.51 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 7.25 (dt, J = 9.0, 2.3 Hz, IH), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 6.68 (dd, J = 15.4, 9.4 Hz, IH), 6.58 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, IH), 4.85 (dd, J = 14.2, 7.2 Hz, IH), 3.95 (dd, J = 14.2, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (m, IH), 2.66 (m, J = 12.0, 6.4 Hz, IH), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 4H), 1.30 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 3H), 1.19 (m, 4H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.98 (m, IH), 0.84 (m, IH). MS (EI) m/z: calcd. 492, found 492.

BISULPHATE SALT

Example 7 – Preparation of an Acid Salt (bisulfate) of Compound A:

Compound IA (5 g) was dissolved in about 25 mL of acetonitrile.

The solution was agitated for about 10 minutes and then heated to about 50 ⁰C. About 6 mL of 2M sulfuric acid in acetonitrile was added into the heated reaction mixture. The solid salt of Compound A precipitated out during the addition of sulfuric acid in acetonitrile. After addition of sulfuric acid solution, the reaction mixture was agitated for 1 hour before cooling to room temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered and washed with about 30 mL of acetonitrile. The wet solid was dried under vacuum at room temperature for 1 hour and at 80 ⁰C for about 12 hours to provide about 5 g white solid (yield 85%). m.p. 217.0 ⁰C. ¹H NMR (DMSO) 9.04 (s, IH), 8.60 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.10 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J = 10.4, IH), 7.71 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.60 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.8 Hz, IH), 7.34 (dd, 8.4, 1.8 Hz, IH), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 7.02 (m, IH), 6.69 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, IH), 4.82 (m, IH), 3.94 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (brs, IH), 2.68 (m, IH), 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.27 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (m, 2H), 1.13 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (m, IH, 0.85 (m, IH). MS (EI) m/z calcd. 590, found 492.

INTERMEDIATE 6

Example 5- Preparation of Compound 6

To a three-neck flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen inert were added the crude product solution of Compound 5 (containing about 31 g. of Compound 5 in 300 mL solution) and anhydrous DMF (0.05 mL). After the mixture was agitated for 5 minutes, oxalyl chloride (12.2 mL) was added slowly while maintaining the batch temperature between 15 and 25°C. The reaction mixture was agitated for about an hour after the addition and checked by NMR for completion of reaction. After the reaction was judged complete, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to 135 mL while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture below 30⁰C. The excess oxalyl chloride was removed completely by two cycles of vacuum concentration at below 50⁰C with replenishment of toluene (315 mL) each time, resulting in a final volume of 68 mL. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 15 to 25°C, after which THF (160 mL) and 2,6-lutidine (22 mL) were added. The mixture was agitated for 16 hours at 20 to 25°C under 100 psi hydrogen in the presence of dry 5% Pd/C (9.0 g). After the reaction was judged complete, the reaction mixture was filtered through celite to remove catalyst. More THF was added to rinse the hydrogenator and catalyst, and the reaction mixture was again filtered through celite. Combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum at below 25°C to 315 mL. MTBE (158 mL) and 10% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid (158 mL) were added for a thorough extraction at 10⁰C to remove 2,6- lutidine. Then phosphoric acid was removed by extracting the organic layer with very dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (about 2%), which was followed by a washing with dilute brine. The organic solution was concentrated atmospherically to a volume of 90 mL for solvent replacement. IPA (315 mL) was added to the concentrated crude product solution. The remaining residual solvent was purged to <_ 0.5% of THF (by GC) by repeated concentration under vacuum to 68 mL, with replenishment of IPA (315 mL) before each concentration. The concentrated (68 mL) IPA solution was heated to 50°C, to initiate crystallization. To this mixture n-heptane (68 mL) was added very slowly while maintaining the batch temperature at 50°C. The crystallizing mixture was cooled very slowly over 2.5 hours to 25°C. Additional n- heptane (34 mL) was added very slowly into the suspension mixture at 25⁰C. The mixture was further cooled to 20⁰C, and aged at that temperature for about 20 hours. The solid was filtered and washed with a solvent mixture of 25% IPA in n-heptane, and then dried to provide

19.5 g of a beige colored solid of Compound 6. (Yield: 66%) m.p. 169.3⁰C. IH NMR (CD₃CN) δ 9.74 (d, J = 3.03 Hz, IH), 5.42 (br, IH), 4.69 (m, IH), 4.03 (q, J = 7.02 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (qt, J = 3.80, 7.84 Hz, IH), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.50 (dt, J = 3.00, 8.52 Hz, IH), 1.93 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (dt, J = 3.28, 9.75 Hz, 2H), 1.54 (qd, J = 3.00, 10.5 Hz, IH), 1.27 (d, J = 5.97 Hz, 3H), 1.20 (m, 6H), 1.03 – 0.92 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z (M⁺+1): calcd. 324, found 324.

INTERMEDIATE 7A

Example 4 – Preparation of Compound 7A

+ 1-Pr₂NLi + (EtO)₂POCI – + LiCI

To a 10 L three-necked round bottomed flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and a nitrogen inlet tube, was added 20Og of

Compound 8 (1.07 mol, from Synergetica, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). THF (1000 mL) was added to dissolve Compound 8. After the solution was cooled to -80 ⁰C to -50 ⁰C, 2.0 M LDA in hexane/THF(1175 mL, 2.2 eq) was added while maintaining the batch temperature below -50 ⁰C. After about 15 minutes of agitation at -80⁰C to -50 ⁰C, diethyl chlorophosphate (185 mL, 1.2 eq) was added while maintaining the batch temperature below -50 ⁰C. The mixture was agitated at a temperature from -80⁰C to – 50 ⁰C for about 15 minutes and diluted with n-heptane (1000 mL). This mixture was warmed up to about -35 ⁰C and quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride (400 g in 1400 mL water) at a temperature below -10 ⁰C. This mixture was agitated at -15⁰C to -10 ⁰C for about 15 minutes followed by agitation at 15⁰C to 25 ⁰C for about 15 minutes. The aqueous layer was split and extracted with toluene (400 mL). The combined organic layers were extracted with 2N hydrochloric acid (700 mL) twice. The product-containing hydrochloric acid layers were combined and added slowly to a mixture of toluene (1200 mL) and aqueous potassium carbonate (300 g in 800 mL water) at a temperature below 30 ⁰C. The aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (1200 mL). The organic layers were combined and concentrated under vacuum to about 600 ml and filtered to remove inorganic salts. To the filtrate was added n-heptane (1000 ml) at about 55 ⁰C. The mixture was cooled slowly to 40 ⁰C, seeded, and cooled further slowly to -10 ⁰C. The resulting slurry was aged at about -10 ⁰C for 1 h, filtered, washed with n- heptane, and dried under vacuum to give a light brown solid (294 g, 85% yield), m.p. 52 ⁰C (DSC onset point).¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.73 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, IH), 7.85 (dd, Ji = 8.0 Hz, J₂ = 1.5 Hz, IH), 7.49 (dd, Ji = 8.0 Hz, J₂ = 1.3 Hz, IH), 7.42 (m, IH), 7.32 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.24 (m, IH), 7.08 (dt, Ji = 8.3 Hz, J₂ = 2.3 Hz, IH), 4.09 (m, 4H), 3.48 (d, J = 22.0 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H). MS (ESI) for M+H calcd. 324, found 324.

Example 3 – Preparation of Compound 5:

4 5

To a three-necked round bottomed flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and a nitrogen inlet tube was added a solution of Compound 4 in aqueous ethanol (100 g active in 2870 ml). The solution was concentrated to about 700 ml under reduced pressure at 35⁰C to 40°C to remove ethyl alcohol. The resultant homogeneous mixture was cooled to 20⁰C to 30⁰C and its pH was adjusted to range from 12 to 13 with 250 ml of 25% sodium hydroxide solution while maintaining the temperature at 20-30⁰C. Then 82 ml of ethyl chloroformate was slowly added to the batch over a period of 1 hour while maintaining the batch temperature from 20⁰C to 30⁰C and aged for an additional 30 minutes. After the reaction was judged complete, the batch was acidified to pH 7 to 8 with 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%) and 750 ml of ethyl acetate. The pH of the reaction mixture was further adjusted to pH 2 to 3 with 35% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted again with 750 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed twice with water (200 ml) . Compound 5 was isolated from the organic layer by crystallization from ethyl acetate and heptane mixture (1: 1 mixture, 1500 ml) at about 70⁰C to 80 ⁰C. The solid was filtered at 50⁰C to 60 °C, washed with heptane and then dried to provide an off-white solid (yield 50%). m.p. 197.7°C. ¹HNMR (CD₃CN) δ 5.31 (brs, IH), 4.67 (dt, J = 16.1, 5.9 Hz, IH), 4.03 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (m, IH), 2.55 – 2.70 (m, 2H), 1.87 – 1.92 (m, IH), 1.32 – 1.42 (m, IH), 1.30 (d, J = 5.92 Hz, 3H), 1.30 – 1.25 (m, 6H), 0.98 (qt, J = 15.7, 3.18 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) M+l m/z calculated 340, found 340.

Example 2 – Preparation of Compound 4;

3 4

7.4 kg of ammonium formate was dissolved in 9L of water at 15- 25⁰C, and then cooled to 0-10⁰C. 8.9 kg of Compound 3 was charged at 0-15⁰C followed by an addition of 89L of 2B ethyl alcohol. The batch was cooled to 0-5⁰C 0.9 kg of 10% Palladium on carbon (50% wet) and 9 L of water were charged. The batch was then warmed to 18-28⁰C and agitated for 5 hours, while maintaining the temperature between 18-28 ⁰C. After the reaction was judged complete, 7 IL of water was charged. The batch was filtered and the wet catalyst cake was then washed with 8OL of water. The pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 1-2 with 4N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The solution was used in the next process step without further isolation. The yield is typically quantiative. m.p. 216.4⁰C. IH NMR (D₂O+1 drop HCl) δ 3.15 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, IH), 2.62 (m, IH), 2.48 (dd,J-5.75Hz, IH), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 2H), 1.20 (m, 6H), 1.18 (m, IH), 0.98 (q,J=2.99Hz, IH).

Example 1 – Preparation of Compound 3

2B 3

To a reactor equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen, were added about 10.5 kg of 2B, 68 L of acetone and 68 L of IN aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The mixture was heated to a temperature between 50 and 60⁰C and agitated for about 1 hour before cooling to room temperature. After the reaction was judged complete, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to about 42 L and then cooled to a temperature between 0 and 5⁰C. The cooled mixture was agitated for an additional hour. The product 3 was filtered, washed with cooled water and dried to provide an off-white solid (6.9 kg, yield 76%). m.p. 251⁰C. Η NMR (DMSO) δ 12.8 (s, IH), 4.72 (m, J = 5.90 Hz, IH), 2.58 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, J = 6.03 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (dd, J = 19.0, 12.8 Hz, 3H), 2.05 (m, IH), 1.87 (q, J = 8.92 Hz, IH), 1.75 (m, IH), 1.55 (m, IH), 1.35 (q, J = 12.6 Hz, IH), 1.27 (d, J = 5.88 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) M+l m/z calcd. 267, found 267.

NOTE

Compound 7A may be prepared from Compound 8 by treating Compound 8 with diethylchlorophosphate:

Compound 8 may be obtained by the process described by Kyoku, Kagehira et al in “Preparation of (haloaryl)pyridines,” (API Corporation, Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2004). 13pp. CODEN: JKXXAF JP

2004182713 A2 20040702. Compound 8 is subsequently reacted with a phosphate ester, such as a dialkyl halophosphate, to yield Compound 7A. Diethylchlorophosphate is preferred. The reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of a base, such as a dialkylithium amide, for example diisopropyl lithium amide.

Paper

J Med Chem 2008, 51(11): 3061

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm800180e Abstract Image

The discovery of an exceptionally potent series of thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists based on the natural product himbacine is described. Optimization of this series has led to the discovery of 4 (SCH 530348), a potent, oral antiplatelet agent that is currently undergoing Phase-III clinical trials for acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina/non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.

Ethyl [(3aR,4aR,8aR,9aS)-9(S)-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-
pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1(R)-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6(R)-yl]carbamate (4).

4 (300 mg, 86%). MS m/z 493 (M+1).

HRMS Calcd for C29H34N2O4F
(M+1): 493.2503, found 493.2509; mp125 °C;

[]D20 6.6 (c 0.5, MeOH).

1HNMR (CDCl3):

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm800180e/suppl_file/jm800180e-file002.pdf

0.88-1.18 (m, 5 H), 1.22-1.30 (m, 3 H), 1.43 (d, J = 5.85 Hz, 3 H), 1.88-2.10 (m, 4 H), 2.33-2.42 (m, 2 H),
2.75-2.67 (m, 1 H), 3.52-3.60 (m, 1 H), 4.06-4.14 (m, 2 H), 4.54-4.80 (m, 1 H), 4.71-4.77 (m, 1 H),
6.55-6.63 (m, 2 H), 7.07-7.12 (m, 1 H), 7.26-7.29 (m, 2 H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.05 Hz, 1 H), 7.41-7.46 (m, 1 H), 7.80-7.82 (m, 1 H), 8.76-8.71 (m, 1 H).

PATENT

IN 201621010411

An improved process for preparation of Vorapaxar intermediates and a novel polymorphic form of Vorapaxar

ALEMBIC PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED

Vorapaxar Sulfate is indicated for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). ZONTIVITY has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, and urgent coronary revascularization (UCR).

According to present invention Vorapaxar sulfate is synthesized from compound of formula 1.

wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroaryl groups. Process for the preparation of compound of formula 1 is disclosed in U.S Pat. No. 7,605,275. It disclosed preparation of compound of formula 1 via cyclization of compound 2 in presence of solvent selected from xylene, N-methylpyrrolidinone, Dimethylsulfoxide, diphenyl ether, dimethylacetamide. This cyclization step takes approximately 6-8 hrs.

There is need to develop a process which takes less time for cyclization step to prepare compound of formula 1. Therefore, our scientist works tenaciously to develop process which takes approximately 1-2 hrs for cyclization of compound 1.

5 According to present invention Vorapaxar sulfate is synthesized from intermediate compound of formula-II.

Formula-II Compound of formula-II is critical intermediate in the preparation of Vorapaxar Sulfate.

10 Patent WO2006076415 discloses the process of preparation of above Formula-II in example 7, in which purification/crystallisation step involves treating the reaction mixture having compound of Formula-II with an ethanol/water mixture followed by azeotropic distillation of the mixture. This process yielded formula-II with low yields and with low purities. WO2009055416 (page 9, second paragraph) discloses that use of various solvent systems for

15 formula-II purification such as Methyl-tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and various solvent/antisolvent systems, for example, ethylacetate/heptane and toluene/heptane and by using these solvent systems, compound of formula-II are obtained as oil. These oils did not yield a reduced impurity profile in synthesis of the compound of Formula II, nor provide an improvement in the quality of the product compound of Formula II.

20 The inventors surprisingly found that using the process according to the invention provides formula-II with improved yield and high purity. Further, present invention provides a process for the preparation of novel crystalline form of Vorapaxar base. The present invention also relates to novel impurity and process for its preparation.

U.S.Pat. No. 7,304,078 discloses Vorapaxar base. U.S.Pat. No. 7,235,567 discloses Polymorph I and II of vorapaxar sulphate

Example 1- Preparation of compound 1a:

Process A: 5.0 g of compound 2a was suspended in 10.0 ml silicone oil at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and 25 ml of cyclohexane was added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up to room temperature and stirred for 30 min.

15 The precipitated product was filtered off and washed with 5.0 ml Cyclohexane. Wet solid was suspended in mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml denatured ethanol at 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried.

20 Process B: 5.0 g of compound 2a was suspended in 10.0 ml paraffin oil at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and 25 ml of cyclohexane was added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up to room temperature and stirred for 30 min.

25 The precipitated product was filtered off and washed with 5.0 ml Cyclohexane. Wet solid was suspended in mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml denatured ethanol at 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried. Yield: 4.3 g

Process C: 5.0 g of compound 2a was charged in reaction vessel at room temperature. The solid was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and was added mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml

5 denatured ethanol at 50-60°C. This was cooled to 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried. Yield: 4.5 g Example 2: Preparation of Intermediate (Formula-II) of vorapaxar

10 Example 2(a): 50.0g of 1,3,3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-Decahydro-3-methyl-7-nitro-1-oxo-N,Ndiphenylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-carboxamide compound was suspended in 300.0 ml THF, 15 g 10% Pd/C (50% wet) and 200 ml Process water at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 45°C and drop wise formic acid (35 ml) was added and then stirred for 15 hrs. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 25-30°C and 100 ml THF was

added and pH was made acidic with 2M sulfuric acid solution. The reaction mass was filtered and washed with 150 ml THF, 150 ml water. Organic and aqueous layer were separated and aqueous layer was extracted with THF. Organic layers were combined and washed with water. The organic layer was cooled up to 5-10°C, 20 ml of TEA and 13 ml of Ethyl chloro formate were added. The reaction mass was stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction,

reaction mass was washed with 2M sulfuric acid solution and distilled out reaction mass completely under vacuum. Acetonitrile (50 ml) was added to residue and heated up to 40- 45°C. Cooled the reaction mass up to 25-30°C and filtered the solid. Purity: 94-96% Example 2(b): Crystallization with Acetonitrile Acetonitrile (50 ml) was added to above obtained solid and heated to 40-45°C. Cooled the

25 reaction mass slowly up to 25-30°C and then up to 5-10°C. The reaction mass was stirred and the solid was filtered. XRD: Fig-1 Purity: 98-99% Example 2(c): Crystallization with Ethyl acetate To the solid obtained in example-1(a) Ethyl acetate (30 ml) was added. The reaction mass was heated up to 70-75°C and stirred for 10-15 min. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up 30 to 25-30°C and then up to 5-10°C. The reaction mass was stirred for 30 min. The solid was filtered and washed with Ethyl acetate. XRD: Fig-2 Purity: 98-99%

Example 3: Preparation of Amorphous Form of Vorapaxar base Vorapaxar base (10.0 g) was dissolved in 500 ml of 40% Ethyl acetate in Cyclohexane. The solvent was then completely removed under vacuum at 45-50o C to give a solid. Yield: 9.8 g

Example 3 (a): Preparation of crystalline vorapaxar base 5 (2-{[Ethyl (ethylperoxy)phosphory]methyl}-5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridine) (10 g) was dissolved in THF (30ml) at 25±5°C under Nitrogen. Cool the reaction mass up to -30 to – 50°C. Add drop wise LDA (2.0 M solution in THF). After 1 hr add drop wise (N- [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-formyl dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6- yl]-ethyl ester Carbamic acid) solution (10 g dissolved in 70 ml THF). After completion of 10 reaction mass quench the reaction mass to sulphuric acid solution. Separate the layers and distilled out organic layer under vacuum get foamy residue. (purity 82%) Add MIBK (10 ml) in above residue and stir it at 40-50°C till clear solution. Add drop wise n-Heptane (10 ml) and stir the reaction mass for 30 min. Gradually cool the reaction mass up to 25-30°C. Stir the reaction mass for 24 hrs. Filter the solid and washed it with n-Heptane (5.0 ml). Dry the 15 solid. Yield: 7.0 g. XRD: Fig-3 purity 96%

Example 3(b): Preparation of crystalline vorapaxar base Vorapaxar advance intermediate (2-{[Ethyl (ethylperoxy)phosphory]methyl}-5-(3- fluorophenyl)pyridine) (10 g) was dissolved in THF (30ml) at 25±5°C under Nitrogen. Cool the reaction mass up to -30 to -50°C. Add drop wise LDA (2.0 M solution in THF). After a 1

20 hr add drop wise VORA-Aldehyde (N-[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-formyl dodecahydro1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-ethyl ester Carbamic acid) solution (10 g dissolved in 70 ml THF). After completion of reaction mass quench the reaction mass to sulphuric acid solution. Separate the layers and distilled out organic layer under vacuum get foamy residue (purity 82%). Add MTBE (10 ml) in above residue and stir it at 40-50°C till clear solution.

25 Add drop wise n-Heptane (30 ml) and stir the reaction mass for 30 min. Gradually cool the reaction mass up to 25-30°C. Stir the reaction mass for 24 hrs. Filter the solid and washed it with n-Heptane (5.0 ml). Dry the solid. Yield: 8.5.0 g. XRD: Fig-4 purity 97%

References

Samuel Chackalamannil; Wang, Yuguang; Greenlee, William J.; Hu, Zhiyong; Xia, Yan; Ahn, Ho-Sam; Boykow, George; Hsieh, Yunsheng et al. (2008). “Discovery of a Novel, Orally Active Himbacine-Based Thrombin Receptor Antagonist (SCH 530348) with Potent Antiplatelet Activity”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 51 (11): 3061–4.doi:10.1021/jm800180e. PMID 18447380.
Merck Blood Thinner Studies Halted in Select Patients, Bloomberg News, January 13, 2011
Tricoci et al. (2012). “Thrombin-Receptor Antagonist Vorapaxar in Acute Coronary Syndromes”. New England Journal of Medicine 366 (1): 20–33.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1109719. PMID 22077816.
Morrow, DA; Braunwald, E; Bonaca, MP; Ameriso, SF; Dalby, AJ; Fish, MP; Fox, KA; Lipka, LJ; Liu, X; Nicolau, JC; Ophuis, AJ; Paolasso, E; Scirica, BM; Spinar, J; Theroux, P; Wiviott, SD; Strony, J; Murphy, SA; TRA 2P–TIMI 50 Steering Committee and, Investigators (Apr 12, 2012). “Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events.”. The New England Journal of Medicine 366 (15): 1404–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200933.PMID 22443427.
“Merck Statement on FDA Advisory Committee for Vorapaxar, Merck’s Investigational Antiplatelet Medicine”. Merck. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2014/01/15/fda-advisory-panel-votes-in-favor-of-approval-for-mercks-vorapaxar/
SCH-530348 (Vorapaxar) is an investigational candidate for the prevention of arterial thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome and peripheral arterial disease. “Convergent Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of 4-Hydroxypent-2-ynoic Acid Diphenylamide for a Thrombin Receptor Antagonist Sch530348 and Himbacine Analogues.” Alex Zaks et al.: Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351: 2351-2357 Full text;
Discovery of a novel, orally active himbacine-based thrombin receptor antagonist (SCH 530348) with potent antiplatelet activity
J Med Chem 2008, 51(11): 3061

Stu Borman (2005). “Hopes Ride on Drug Candidates: Researchers reveal potential new medicines for thrombosis, anxiety, diabetes, and cancer”. Chemical & Engineering News 83 (16): 40–44.

PATENTS

WO 2003089428
WO 2006076452
US 6063847
WO 2006076565
WO 2008005344
WO2010/141525
WO2008/5353
US2008/26050
WO2006/76564 mp, nmr

US8138180	3-21-2012	EXO-SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF HIMBACINE ANALOGS
US2011251392	10-14-2011	EXO- AND DIASTEREO- SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF HIMBACINE ANALOGS
US7989653	8-3-2011	Exo- and diastereo-selective syntheses of himbacine analogs
US2011065676	3-18-2011	COMBINATION THERAPIES COMPRISING PAR1 ANTAGONISTS WITH NAR AGONISTS
US7772276	8-11-2010	Exo-selective synthesis of himbacine analogs
US2010137597	6-4-2010	SYNTHESIS Of DIETHYLPHOSPHONATE
US7713999	5-12-2010	THROMBIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
US7687631	3-31-2010	Synthesis of diethyl{[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-pyridine-2yl]methyl}phosphonate
US2009297576	12-4-2009	Local Delivery of PAR-1 Antagonists to Treat Vascular Complications
US7626045	12-2-2009	SYNTHESIS OF HIMBACINE ANALOGS

US7605275	10-21-2009	Exo- and diastereo- selective syntheses of himbacine analogs
US7553987	6-31-2009	Synthesis of 3-(5-nitrocyclohex-1-enyl) acrylic acid and esters thereof
US7541471	6-3-2009	Synthesis of himbacine analogs
US2009022729	1-23-2009	METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING CARDIAC DYSFUNCTIONS
US2008234236	9-26-2008	REDUCTION OF ADVERSE EVENTS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION BY USE OF A THROMBIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
US2008031943	2-8-2008	IMMEDIATE-RELEASE TABLET FORMULATIONS OF A THROMBIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
US2008026050	1-32-2008	SOLID DOSE FORMULATIONS OF A THROMBIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
US7304078	12-5-2007	Thrombin receptor antagonists
US2007270439	11-23-2007	THROMBIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
US2007202140	8-31-2007	THROMBIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS AS PROPHYLAXIS TO COMPLICATIONS FROM CARDIOPULMONARY SURGERY

US2007203193	8-31-2007	CRYSTALLINE POLYMORPH OF A BISULFATE SALT OF A THROMBIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
US7235567	6-27-2007	Crystalline polymorph of a bisulfate salt of a thrombin receptor antagonist
US2006172397	8-4-2006	Preparation of chiral propargylic alcohol and ester intermediates of himbacine analogs
US2004192753	9-31-2004	Methods of use of thrombin receptor antagonists

US6063847 *	Nov 23, 1998	May 16, 2000	Schering Corporation	Thrombin receptor antagonists
US6326380 *	Apr 7, 2000	Dec 4, 2001	Schering Corporation	Thrombin receptor antagonists
US20030216437 *	Apr 14, 2003	Nov 20, 2003	Schering Corporation	Thrombin receptor antagonists
US20040176418 *	Jan 9, 2004	Sep 9, 2004	Schering Corporation	Crystalline polymorph of a bisulfate salt of a thrombin receptor antagonist

WO2011128420A1

Apr 14, 2011

Oct 20, 2011

Sanofi

Pyridyl-vinyl pyrazoloquinolines as par1 inhibitors

//////////////fast track designation , VORAPAXAR, FDA 2014, EU 2016, Zontivity, NDA 204886, MERCK, VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

CCOC(=O)NC1CCC2C(C1)CC3C(C2C=CC4=NC=C(C=C4)C5=CC(=CC=C5)F)C(OC3=O)C

Naloxegol

August 25, 2016 2:41 pm / Leave a comment

Image result for Naloxegol

Naloxegol

Movantik; NKTR-118; NKTR118; UNII-44T7335BKE; NKTR 118

854601-70-0 cas

1354744-91-4 (Naloxegol Oxalate)

(4R,4aS,7S,7aR,12bS)-7-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,7a,13-octahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-4a,9-diol

MF	C₃₄H₅₃NO₁₁
MW	651.78472 g/mol

Morphinan-3,14-diol, 4,5-epoxy-6-(3,6,9,12,15,18,21-heptaoxadocos-1-yloxy)-17-(2-propen-1-yl)-, (5α,6α)-, ethanedioate (1:1) (salt)

Naloxegol oxalate [USAN]

UNII-65I14TNM33

AZ-13337019 oxalate

Naloxegol (oxalate)

NKTR-118 oxalate;AZ-13337019 oxalate

UNII:65I14TNM33

Naloxegol oxalate (MovantikTM, Moventig)

Image result for Naloxegol

Naloxegol (INN; PEGylated naloxol;^[1] trade names Movantik and Moventig) is a peripherally–selective opioid antagonistdeveloped by AstraZeneca, licensed from Nektar Therapeutics, for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation.^[2] It was approved in 2014 in adult patients with chronic, non-cancer pain.^[3] Doses of 25 mg were found safe and well tolerated for 52 weeks.^[4] When given concomitantly with opioid analgesics, naloxegol reduced constipation-related side effects, while maintaining comparable levels of analgesia.^[5]

Image result for naloxegol

Naloxegol Oxalate was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Sept 16, 2014, then approved by European Medicine Agency (EMA) on Dec 8, 2014. It was developed and marketed as Movantik^®(in the US)/Moventig^®(in EU) by AstraZeneca.

Naloxegol oxalate is an antagonist of opioid binding at the mu-opioid receptor. It is indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain.

Movantik^® is available as tablets for oral use, containing 12.5 mg or 25 mg of free Naloxegol. The recommended dose is 25 mg once daily (reduce to 12.5 mg if not tolerated).

Chemically, naloxegol is a pegylated (polyethylene glycol-modified) derivative of α-naloxol. Specifically, the 5-α-hydroxyl group of α-naloxol is connected via an ether linkage to the free hydroxyl group of a monomethoxy-terminated n=7 oligomer of PEG, shown extending at the lower left of the molecule image at right. The “n=7” defines the number of two-carbon ethylenes, and so the chain length, of the attached PEG chain, and the “monomethoxy” indicates that the terminal hydroxyl group of the PEG is “capped” with amethyl group.^[6] The pegylation of the 5-α-hydroxyl side chain of naloxol prevents the drug from crossing the blood-brain barrier(BBB).^[5] As such, it can be considered the antithesis of the peripherally-acting opiate loperamide which is utilized as an opiate-targeting anti-diarrheal agent that does not cause traditional opiate side-effects due to its inability to accumulate in the central nervous system in normal subjects.

Naloxegol was previously a Schedule II drug in the United States because of its chemical similarity to opium alkaloids, but was recently reclassified as a prescription drug after the FDA concluded that the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to this compound made it non-habit-forming, and so without the potential for abuse — specifically, naloxegol was officially decontrolled on 23. January 2015. ^[7]

Image result for Naloxegol

As an opiate antagonist, it is not expected to be capable of inducing the euphoria and anxiolytic effects which are generally cited as the desirable effects of commonly abused opiates (all of which are opiate agonists) if it were to cross the BBB; it would in fact reverse the effects of opiate drugs of abuse if it entered the central nervous system.

Naloxegol is an oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative of naloxone, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA) with limited potential for interfering with centrally mediated opioid analgesia. The incorporation of a polyethylene glycol moiety aims at inhibiting naloxone’s capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, while preserving the affinity for the µ-opioid receptor [1].

Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) represents a broad spectrum of symptoms that result from the actions of opioids on the CNS as well as the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of gastrointestinal effects seem to be mediated by the high number of µ-receptors that are expressed in the enteric nervous system. Naloxegol was more effective than placebo in increasing the number of spontaneous bowel movements in patients with opioid-induced constipation, including those with an inadequate response to laxatives.

Recognition of Naloxegol as a useful option in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation resulted in its approval by US-FDA for adult patients with chronic, non-cancer pain in 2014.
Naloxegol oxalate (XXI) is a peripherally acting l-opioid receptor antagonist that was approved in the USA and EU for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. The drug, a pegylated version of naloxone, has significantly reduced central nervous system (CNS) penetration and works by inhibiting the binding of opioids in the gastrointestinal tract.152–154 Naloxegol oxalate was developed by Nektar and licensed to AstraZeneca. Although we were unable to find a single report in the primary or patent literature that describes the exact experimental procedures to prepare naloxegol oxalate, there havebeen reports on the preparation of closely related analogs155 with specific reports on improving the selectivity of the reduction step156 and the salt formation of the final drug substance.157 Taken together, the likely synthesis of naloxegol oxalate (XXI) is
described in Scheme 28. Naloxone (180) was treated with methoxyethyl chloride in the presence of Hunig’s base to give the protected ketone 181. Reduction of the ketone with potassium trisec-butylborohydride exclusively provided the a-alcohol 182 in 85% yield. Alternatively, sodium trialkylborohydrides could also be used to provide similar a-selective reduction in high yield.
Deprotonation of the alcohol with sodium hydride followed by alkylation with CH3(OCH2CH2)7Br (183) provided the pegylated intermediate 184 in 88% yield. Acidic removal of the methoxyethyl ether protecting group followed by treatment with oxalic acid and crystallization provided naloxegol oxalate (XXI) in good yield.

152. Corsetti, M.; Tack, J. Expert Opin. Pharmacol. 2015, 16, 399.
153. Garnock-Jones, K. P. Drugs 2015, 75, 419.
154. Leonard, J.; Baker, D. E. Ann. Pharmacother. 2015, 49, 360.
155. Bentley, M. D.; Viegas, T. X.; Goodin, R. R.; Cheng, L.; Zhao, X. US Patent
2005136031A1, 2005.
156. Cheng, L.; Bentley, M. D. WO Patent 2007124114A2, 2007.
157. Aaslund, B. L.; Aurell, C.-J.; Bohlin, M. H.; Sebhatu, T.; Ymen, B. I.; Healy, E. T.;
Jensen, D. R.; Jonaitis, D. T.; Parent, S. WO Patent 2012044243A1, 2012.
158. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm4183

Image result for Naloxegol

Naloxegol Synthesis

CREDIT

https://ayurajan.blogspot.in/2016/08/naloxegol.html

US20050136031A1: The patent reports detailed synthetic procedures to manufacture gram quantities of Naloxegol. The synthesis starts with Naloxone which was treated with methoxyethyl chloride in the presence of Hunig’s base to give the protected ketone. Reduction of the ketone with potassium tri-sec-butylborohydride exclusively provided the α-alcohol in 85% yield. Deprotonation of the alcohol with sodium hydride followed by alkylation with CH₃(OCH₂CH₂)₇Br provided the pegylated Naloxone in 88% yield.

Identifications:

1H NMR (Estimated) for Naloxegol

Image result for Naloxegol

PATENT

US20060182692

Figure US20060182692A1-20060817-C00004

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2005058367A2?cl=en

EXAMPLE 4 SYNTHESIS OF PEG 3-NALθxoL [0211] The structure of the naloxol, an exemplary small molecule drug, is shown below.

Naloxol [0212] This molecule was prepared (having a protected hydroxyl group) as part of a larger synthetic scheme as described in Example 5.

EXAMPLE 5

[0213] α,β-PEGι-naloxol was prepared. The overview of the synthesis is provided below.

(3)

(4)

5.A. Synthesis of 3-MEM-naloxone

[0214] Diisopropylethylamine (390 mg, 3.0 mmole) was added to a solution of naloxone ^■ HCl ^• 2H₂O (200 mg, 0.50 mmole) in CH₂C1₂ (10 mL) with stining. Methoxyethyl chloride (“MEMCl,” 250 mg, 2.0 mmole) was then added dropwise to the above solution. The solution was stined at room temperature under N₂ overnight.

[0215] The crude product was analyzed by HPLC, which indicated that 3-

MEM-O-naloxone (1) was formed in 97% yield. Solvents were removed by rotary evaporation to yield a sticky oil.

5.B. Synthesis of α and β epimer mixture of 3-MEM-naloxoI (2)

[0216] 3 mL of 0.2 N NaOH was added to a solution of 3-MEM-naloxone

(1) (obtained from 5.A. above, and used without further purification) in 5mL of ethanol. To this was added a solution of NaBHLt (76 mg, 2.0 mmole) in water (1 mL) dropwise. The resulting solution was stined at room temperature for 5 hours. The ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation followed by addition of a solution of 0.1 N HCl solution to destroy excess NaBKj and adjust the pH to a value of 1. The solution was washed with CHC1₃ to remove excess methoxyethyl chloride and its derivatives (3 x 50 mL), followed by addition of K2OO₃ to raise the pH of the solution to 8.0. The product was then extracted with CHC1₃ (3 x 50 mL) and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed by evaporation to yield a colorless sticky solid (192 mg, 0.46 mmole, 92% isolated yield based on naloxone ^• HCl ^• 2H2O).

[0217] HPLC indicated that the product was an α and β epimer mixture of

3-MEM-naloxol (2).

5.C. Synthesis of α and β epimer mixture of 6-CH₃-OCH₂CH₂-O-3-MEM- naloxol (3a).

[0218] NaH (60% in mineral oil, 55 mg, 1.38 mmole) was added into a solution of 6-hydroxyl-3-MEM-naloxol (2) (192 mg, 0.46 mmole) in dimethylformamide (“DMF,” 6 mL). The mixture was stined at room temperature under N₂ for 15 minutes, followed by addition of 2-bromoethyl methyl ether (320 mg, 2.30 mmole) in DMF (1 mL). The solution was then stirred at room temperature under N₂ for 3 hours.

[0219] HPLC analysis revealed formation of a mixture of α- and β-6-CH₃-OCH₂CH₂-0-3-MEM-naloxol (3) in about 88% yield. DMF was removed by a rotary evaporation to yield a sticky white solid. The product was used for subsequent transformation without further purification.

5.D. Synthesis of α and β epimer mixture of 6-CH₃-OCH₂CH₂-naloxoI (4)

[0220] Crude α- and β-6-CH₃-OCH₂CH₂-O-3-MEM-naloxol (3) was dissolved in 5 mL of CH₂C1₂ to form a cloudy solution, to which was added 5 mL of trifluoroacetic acid (“TFA”). The resultant solution was stined at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was determined to be complete based upon HPLC assay. CH₂C1₂ was removed by a rotary evaporator, followed by addition of 10 mL of water. To this solution was added sufficient K2OO₃ to destroy excess TFA and to adjust the pH to 8. The solution was then extracted with CHC1₃ (3 x 50 mL), and the extracts were combined and further extracted with 0.1 N HCl solution (3 x 50 mL). The pH of the recovered water phase was adjusted to a pH of 8 by addition of K₂CO_3>followed by further extraction with CHC1₃ (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layer was then dried with Na2SO₄. The solvents were removed to yield a colorless sticky solid.

[0221] The solid was purified by passage two times through a silica gel column (2 cm x 30 cm) using CHCl₃/CH₃OH (30:1) as the eluent to yield a sticky solid. The purified product was determined by 1H NMR to be a mixture of α- and β epimers of 6-CH₃-OCH₂CH₂-naloxol (4) containing ca. 30% α epimer and ca. 70% β epimer [100 mg, 0.26 mmole, 56% isolated yield based on 6-hydroxyl-3-MEM- naloxol (2)].

[0222] 1H NMR (δ, ppm, CDC1₃): 6.50-6.73 (2 H, multiplet, aromatic proton of naloxol), 5.78 (1 H, multiplet, olefinic proton of naloxone), 5.17 (2 H, multiplet, olefinic protons of naloxol), 4.73 (1 H, doublet, C₅ proton of α naloxol), 4.57 (1 H, doublet, C₅ proton of β naloxol), 3.91 (1H, multiplet, C₆ proton of naloxol), 3.51-3.75 (4 H, multiplet, PEG), 3.39 (3 H, singlet, methoxy protons of PEG, α epimer), 3.36 (3 H, singlet, methoxy protons of PEG, β epimer), 3.23 (1 H, multiplet, C₆ proton of β naloxol), 1.46-3.22 (14 H, multiplet, protons of naloxol).

SYN 1

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2012044243A1?cl=en

Naloxol-polyethylene glycol conjugates are provided herein in solid phosphate and oxalate salt forms. Methods of preparing the salt forms, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the salt forms are also provided herein. ACKGROUND

Effective pain management therapy often calls for an opioid analgesic. In addition to the desired analgesic effect, however, certain undesirable side effects, such as bowel dysfunction, nausea, constipation, among others, can accompany the use of an opioid analgesic. Such side effects may be due to opioid receptors being present outside of the central nervous system, principally in the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical and preclinical studies support the use of mPEG₇-0-naloxol, a conjugate of the opioid antagonist naloxol and polyethylene glycol, to counteract undesirable side effects associated with use of opioid analgesics. When administered orally to a patient mPEG₇-0-naloxol largely does not cross the blood brain barrier into the central nervous system, and has minimal impact on opioid- induced analgesia. See, e.g., WO 2005/058367; WO 2008/057579; Webster et al., “NKTR-118 Significantly Reverses Opioid-Induced Constipation,” Poster 39, 20th AAPM Annual Clinical Meeting (Phoenix, AZ), October 10, 2009.

To move a drug candidate such as mPEG₇-O-naloxol to a viable pharmaceutical product, it is important to understand whether the drug candidate has polymorphic forms, as well as the relative stability and interconversions of these forms under conditions likely to be encountered upon large-scale production, transportation, storage and pre-usage preparation. Solid forms of a drug substance are often desired for their convenience in formulating a drug product. No solid form of mPEG₇-O-naloxol drug substance has been made available to date, which is currently manufactured and isolated as an oil in a free base form. Exactly how to accomplish this is often not obvious. For example the number of pharmaceutical products that are oxalate salts is limited. The free base form of mPEG₇-0-naloxol has not been observed to form a crystalline phase even when cooled to -60 °C and has been observed to exist as a glass with a transition temperature of

approximately -45 °C. Furthermore, mPEG₇-0-naloxol in its free base form can undergo oxidative degradation upon exposure to air. Care can be taken in handling the free base, for example, storing it under inert gas, to avoid its degradation. However, a solid form of mPEG₇-0-naloxol, preferably one that is stable when kept exposed to air, is desired

a naloxol-polyethlyene glycol conjugate oxalate salt, the salt comprising ionic species of mPEG₇-0-naloxol and oxalic acid. The formulas of mPEG₇-0-naloxol and oxalic acid are as follows:

In certain embodiments, the methods provided comprise dissolving mPEG₇-0- naloxol free base in ethanol; adding methyl t-butyl ether to the dissolved mPEG_?–

O-naloxol solution; adding oxalic acid in methyl t-butyl ether to the dissolved mPEG₇-0-naloxol over a period of at least 2 hours to produce a slurry; and filtering the slurry to yield the naloxol-polyethlyene glycol conjugate oxalate salt in solid form.

In certain embodiments, the methods provided comprise dissolving mPEG₇-0- naloxol free base in acetonitrile; adding water to the dissolved mPEG₇-0-naloxol solution; adding oxalic acid in ethyl acetate to the dissolved mPEG₇-0-naloxol over a period of at least 2 hours to produce a slurry; and filtering the slurry to yield the naloxol-polyethlyene glycol conjugate oxalate salt in solid form.

In some embodiments, the solid salt form of mPEG₇-0-naloxol is a crystalline form.

In certain embodiments a solid crystalline salt provided herein is substantially pure, having a purity of at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 92%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99%.

In certain embodiments, the solid salt form of mPEG₇-0-naloxol is a phosphate salt.

In other embodiments, the solid mPEG₇-0-naloxol salt form is an oxalate salt. For instance, in some embodiments of solid oxalate salt forms provided herein, the solid mPEG₇-0-naloxol oxalate salt form is in Form A, as described herein. As another example, in some embodiments of solid oxalate salt forms provided herein, the solid mPEG₇-0-naloxol oxalate salt form is in Form B, as described herein. In yet other embodiments, an oxalate salt of mPEG₇-0-naloxol in solid form prepared according to the methods described herein is provided.

In yet other embodiments, an dihydrogenphosphate salt of mPEG₇-0-naloxol in solid form prepared according to the methods described herein is provided.

In certain embodiments of a solid mPEG₇-0-naloxol oxalate salt Form B provided herein, the salt form exhibits a single endothermic peak on differential scanning calorimetry between room temperature and about 150 °C. The single endothermic peak can occur, for instance, between about 91 °C to about 94 °C. For example, in some embodiments the endothermic peak is at about 92 °C, about 92.5 °C, or about93 °C.

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2005058367A2?cl=en

PATENT

CN101033228A

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/CN102174049A?cl=en

References and notes

Roland Seifert; Thomas Wieland; Raimund Mannhold; Hugo Kubinyi; Gerd Folkers (17 July 2006). G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Drug Targets: Analysis of Activation and Constitutive Activity. John Wiley & Sons. p. 227. ISBN 978-3-527-60695-5. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
“Nektar | R&D Pipeline | Products in Development | CNS/Pain | Oral Naloxegol (NKTR-118) and Oral NKTR-119”. Retrieved2012-05-14.
“FDA approves MOVANTIK™ (naloxegol) Tablets C-II for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain”. 16 September 2014.
“Randomised clinical trial: the long-term safety and tolerability of naloxegol in patients with pain and opioid-induced constipation.”. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 40: 771–9. Oct 2014.doi:10.1111/apt.12899. PMID 25112584.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Garnock-Jones KP (2015). “Naloxegol: a review of its use in patients with opioid-induced constipation”. Drugs. 75 (4): 419–425. doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0357-2.
Technically, the molecule that is attached via the ether link is O-methyl-heptaethylene glycol [that is, methoxyheptaethylene glycol, CH₃OCH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)₅CH₂CH₂OH], molecular weight 340.4, CAS number 4437-01-8. See Pubchem Staff (2016). “Compound Summary for CID 526555, Pubchem Compound 4437-01”. PubChem Compound Database. Bethesda, MD, USA: NCBI, U.S. NLM. Retrieved 28 January2016.
^http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2015/fr0123_3.htm

1. WO2012044243A / US12015038524A1.

2. WO2005058367A2 / US7786133B2.

3. US20060182692A1 / US8067431B2.

4. CN101033228A.

5. Fudan Univ. J. Med. Sci. 2007, 34, 888-890.

WO2008057579A2 *	Nov 7, 2007	May 15, 2008	Nektar Therapeutics Al, Corporation	Dosage forms and co-administration of an opioid agonist and an opioid antagonist
WO2009137086A1 *	May 7, 2009	Nov 12, 2009	Nektar Therapeutics	Oral administration of peripherally-acting opioid antagonists
US20050136031 *	Dec 16, 2004	Jun 23, 2005	Bentley Michael D.	Chemically modified small molecules

Patents

7056500 United States

7662365 United States

8067431 United States

8617530 United States

9012469 United States

FDA Orange Book Patents

FDA Orange Book Patents: 1 of 6
Patent	7056500
Expiration	Jun 29, 2024
Applicant	ASTRAZENECA PHARMS
Drug Application	N204760 (Prescription Drug: MOVANTIK. Ingredients: NALOXEGOL OXALATE)

FDA Orange Book Patents: 2 of 6
Patent	7662365
Expiration	Oct 18, 2022
Applicant	ASTRAZENECA PHARMS
Drug Application	N204760 (Prescription Drug: MOVANTIK. Ingredients: NALOXEGOL OXALATE)

FDA Orange Book Patents: 3 of 6
Patent	8617530
Expiration	Oct 18, 2022
Applicant	ASTRAZENECA PHARMS
Drug Application	N204760 (Prescription Drug: MOVANTIK. Ingredients: NALOXEGOL OXALATE)

FDA Orange Book Patents: 4 of 6
Patent	9012469
Expiration	Apr 2, 2032
Applicant	ASTRAZENECA PHARMS
Drug Application	N204760 (Prescription Drug: MOVANTIK. Ingredients: NALOXEGOL OXALATE)

FDA Orange Book Patents: 5 of 6
Patent	7786133
Expiration	Dec 19, 2027
Applicant	ASTRAZENECA PHARMS
Drug Application	N204760 (Prescription Drug: MOVANTIK. Ingredients: NALOXEGOL OXALATE)

FDA Orange Book Patents: 6 of 6
Patent	8067431
Expiration	Dec 16, 2024
Applicant	ASTRAZENECA PHARMS
Drug Application	N204760 (Prescription Drug: MOVANTIK. Ingredients: NALOXEGOL OXALATE)

Naloxegol
Systematic (IUPAC) name

(5α,6α)-4,5-epoxy-6-(3,6,9,12,15,18,21-heptaoxadocos-1-yloxy)-17-(2-propen-1-yl)morphinan-3,14-diol
Clinical data
Trade names	Movantik, Moventig
AHFS/Drugs.com	movantik
License data	US FDA: Movantik
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Oral
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	~4.2%
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP3A)
Biological half-life	6–11 h
Excretion	Feces (68%), urine (16%)
Identifiers
CAS Number	854601-70-0
ATC code	A06AH03 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 56959087
ChemSpider	28651656
ChEBI	CHEBI:82975
Synonyms	NKTR-118
Chemical data
Formula	C₃₄H₅₃NO₁₁
Molar mass	651.785 g/mol

//////////////Naloxegol, Movantik, NKTR-118, NKTR118, UNII-44T7335BKE, NKTR 118, 854601-70-0, EU 2014, FDA 2014

COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO[C@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]3Cc4ccc(c5c4[C@]2([C@H]1O5)CCN3CC=C)O)O

Naloxegol oxalate (MovantikTM, Moventig)
Naloxegol oxalate (XXI) is a peripherally acting l-opioid receptor antagonist that was approved in the USA and EU for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. The drug, a pegylated version of naloxone, has significantly reduced central nervous system (CNS) penetration and works by inhibiting the binding of opioids in the gastrointestinal tract.152–154 Naloxegol oxalate was developed by Nektar and licensed to AstraZeneca. Although we were unable to find a single report in the primary or patent literature that describes the exact experimental procedures to prepare naloxegol oxalate, there have been reports on the preparation of closely related analogs155 with specific reports on improving the selectivity of the reduction step156 and the salt formation of the final drug substance.157 Taken together, the likely synthesis of naloxegol oxalate (XXI) is described in Scheme 28. Naloxone (180) was treated with methoxyethyl chloride in the presence of Hunig’s base to give the protected ketone 181. Reduction of the ketone with potassium trisec-butylborohydride exclusively provided the a-alcohol 182 in 85% yield. Alternatively, sodium trialkylborohydrides could also be used to provide similar a-selective reduction in high yield.
Deprotonation of the alcohol with sodium hydride followed by alkylation with CH3(OCH2CH2)7Br (183) provided the pegylated intermediate 184 in 88% yield. Acidic removal of the methoxyethyl ether protecting group followed by treatment with oxalic acid and crystallization provided naloxegol oxalate (XXI) in good yield.

Belinostat (PXD101), a novel HDAC inhibitor

July 25, 2016 4:36 am / Leave a comment

Belinostat (PXD101)

FAST TRACK FDA , ORPHAN STATUS

PXD101;PX105684;PXD-101;PXD 101;PX-105684

UNII:F4H96P17NZ

N-Hydroxy-3-(3-phenylsulphamoylphenyl)acrylamide

N-HYDROXY-3-[3-[(PHENYLAMINO)SULFONYL]PHENYL]-2-PROPENAMIDE

NSC726630

(E)-N-hydroxy-3-[3-(phenylsulfamoyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide

414864-00-9 [RN]

866323-14-0 [RN]

Beleodaq®

Approved by FDA……http://www.drugs.com/newdrugs/fda-approves-beleodaq-belinostat-peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma-4052.html?utm_source=ddc&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Today%27s+news+summary+-+July+3%2C+2014

July 3, 2014 — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Beleodaq (belinostat) for the treatment of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), a rare and fast-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The action was taken under the agency’s accelerated approval program.

Belinostat (PXD101) is a novel HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 27 nM, with activity demonstrated in cisplatin-resistant tumors.

CLINICAL TRIALS…http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=Belinostat+OR+PXD101

MP 172–174 °C, (lit.(@) 172 °C). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ = 10.75–10.42 (m, 2H), 9.15 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),7.47 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.10–7.01 (m, 3H), 6.51 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI): m/z = 318.6 [M+H] ⁺.

@ Finn, P. W.; Bandara, M.; Butcher, C.; Finn, A.; Hollinshead, R.; Khan, N.; Law, N.; Murthy, S.; Romero,R.; Watkins, C.; Andrianov, V.; Bokaldere, R. M.; Dikovska, K.; Gailite, V.; Loza, E.; Piskunova, I.;Starchenkov, I.; Vorona, M.; Kalvinsh, I. Helv. Chim. Acta 2005, 88, 1630, DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200590129

Beleodaq and Folotyn are marketed by Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., based in Henderson, Nevada. Istodax is marketed by Celgene Corporation based in Summit, New Jersey.

Belinostat was granted orphan drug status for the treatment of Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in the US in September 2009 and the EU in October 2012. In July 2015, an orphan drug designation has also been granted for malignant thymoma in the EU.

Belinostat received its first global approval in the US-FDA on 3 July 2014 for the intravenous (IV) treatment of relapsed or refractory PTCL in adults.

Belinostat was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on July 3, 2014. It was originally developed by CuraGen Pharma，then developed by Spectrum Pharmaceuticals cooperating with Onxeo, then marketed as Beleodaq^® by Spectrum.

Beleodaq is a pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor selectively causing the accumulation of acetylated histones and other proteinsin tumor cells. It is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).

Beleodaq^® is available as lyophilized powder for intravenous infusion, containing 500 mg of free Belinostat. The recommended dose is 1,000 mg/m² once daily on days 1-5 of a 21-day cycle.

Index：

MW 318.07
MF	C15H14N2O4S

414864-00-9 cas no

866323-14-0

(2E)-N-hydroxy-3-[3-(phenylsulfamoyl)phenyl]acrylamide

A novel HDAC inhibitor

Chemical structure for belinostat
PTCL comprises a diverse group of rare diseases in which lymph nodes become cancerous. In 2014, the National Cancer Institute estimates that 70,800 Americans will be diagnosed with NHL and 18,990 will die. PTCL represents about 10 to 15 percent of NHLs in North America.Belinostat inhibits the growth of tumor cells (A2780, HCT116, HT29, WIL, CALU-3, MCF7, PC3 and HS852) with IC50 from 0.2-0.66 μM. PD101 shows low activity in A2780/cp70 and 2780AD cells. Belinostat inhibits bladder cancer cell growth, especially in 5637 cells, which shows accumulation of G0-G1 phase, decrease in S phase, and increase in G2-M phase. Belinostat also shows enhanced tubulin acetylation in ovarian cancer cell lines. A recent study shows that Belinostat activates protein kinase A in a TGF-β signaling-dependent mechanism and decreases survivin mRNA.

Beleodaq works by stopping enzymes that contribute to T-cells, a type of immune cell, becoming cancerous. It is intended for patients whose disease returned after treatment (relapsed) or did not respond to previous treatment (refractory).

“This is the third drug that has been approved since 2009 for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Today’s approval expands the number of treatment options available to patients with serious and life-threatening diseases.”

The FDA granted accelerated approval to Folotyn (pralatrexate) in 2009 for use in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL and Istodax (romidepsin) in 2011 for the treatment of PTCL in patients who received at least one prior therapy.

The safety and effectiveness of Beleodaq was evaluated in a clinical study involving 129 participants with relapsed or refractory PTCL. All participants were treated with Beleodaq until their disease progressed or side effects became unacceptable. Results showed 25.8 percent of participants had their cancer disappear (complete response) or shrink (partial response) after treatment.

The most common side effects seen in Beleodaq-treated participants were nausea, fatigue, fever (pyrexia), low red blood cells (anemia), and vomiting.

The FDA’s accelerated approval program allows for approval of a drug based on surrogate or intermediate endpoints reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit for patients with serious conditions with unmet medical needs. Drugs receiving accelerated approval are subject to confirmatory trials verifying clinical benefit. Beleodaq also received orphan product designation by the FDA because it is intended to treat a rare disease or condition.

BELINOSTAT

Belinostat (trade name Beleodaq, previously known as PXD101) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor drug developed by TopoTargetfor the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors.^[2]

It was approved in July 2014 by the US FDA to treat peripheral T-cell lymphoma.^[3]

In 2007 preliminary results were released from the Phase II clinical trial of intravenous belinostat in combination with carboplatin andpaclitaxel for relapsed ovarian cancer.^[4] Final results in late 2009 of a phase II trial for T-cell lymphoma were encouraging.^[5]Belinostat has been granted orphan drug and fast track designation by the FDA,^[6] and was approved in the US for the use againstperipheral T-cell lymphoma on 3 July 2014.^[3] It is not approved in Europe as of August 2014.^[7]

The approved pharmaceutical formulation is given intravenously.^[8]^:180 Belinostat is primarily metabolized by UGT1A1; the initial dose should be reduced if the recipient is known to be homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele.^[8]^{:179 and 181}

NCI: A novel hydroxamic acid-type histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Belinostat targets HDAC enzymes, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, promoting cellular differentiation, and inhibiting angiogenesis. This agent may sensitize drug-resistant tumor cells to other antineoplastic agents, possibly through a mechanism involving the down-regulation of thymidylate synthase

The study of inhibitors of histone deacetylases indicates that these enzymes play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. The inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) (Yoshida et al., 1990a) causes cell cycle arrest at both G1 and G2 phases (Yoshida and Beppu, 1988), reverts the transformed phenotype of different cell lines, and induces differentiation of Friend leukaemia cells and others (Yoshida et al., 1990b). TSA (and SAHA) have been reported to inhibit cell growth, induce terminal differentiation, and prevent the formation of tumours in mice (Finnin et al., 1999).

Trichostatin A (TSA)

Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA)

Cell cycle arrest by TSA correlates with an increased expression of gelsolin (Hoshikawa et al., 1994), an actin regulatory protein that is down regulated in malignant breast cancer (Mielnicki et al., 1999). Similar effects on cell cycle and differentiation have been observed with a number of deacetylase inhibitors (Kim et al., 1999). Trichostatin A has also been reported to be useful in the treatment of fibrosis, e.g., liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. See, e.g., Geerts et al., 1998.

Recently, certain compounds that induce differentiation have been reported to inhibit histone deacetylases. Several experimental antitumour compounds, such as trichostatin A (TSA), trapoxin, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and phenylbutyrate have been reported to act, at least in part, by inhibiting histone deacetylase (see, e.g., Yoshida et al., 1990; Richon et al., 1998; Kijima et al., 1993). Additionally, diallyl sulfide and related molecules (see, e.g., Lea et al., 1999), oxamflatin (see, e.g., Kim et al., 1999), MS-27-275, a synthetic benzamide derivative (see, e.g., Saito et al., 1999; Suzuki et al., 1999; note that MS-27-275 was later re-named as MS-275), butyrate derivatives (see, e.g., Lea and Tulsyan, 1995), FR901228 (see, e.g., Nokajima et al., 1998), depudecin (see, e.g., Kwon et al., 1998), and m-carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide (see, e.g., Richon et al., 1998) have been reported to inhibit histone deacetylases. In vitro, some of these compounds are reported to inhibit the growth of fibroblast cells by causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 and G2 phases, and can lead to the terminal differentiation and loss of transforming potential of a variety of transformed cell lines (see, e.g., Richon et al, 1996; Kim et al., 1999; Yoshida et al., 1995; Yoshida & Beppu, 1988). In vivo, phenybutyrate is reported to be effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in conjunction with retinoic acid (see, e.g., Warrell et al., 1998). SAHA is reported to be effective in preventing the formation of mammary tumours in rats, and lung tumours in mice (see, e.g., Desai et al., 1999).

The clear involvement of HDACs in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation suggest that aberrant HDAC activity may play a role in cancer. The most direct demonstration that deacetylases contribute to cancer development comes from the analysis of different acute promyelocytic leukaemias (APL). In most APL patients, a translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17 (t(15;17)) results in the expression of a fusion protein containing the N-terminal portion of PML gene product linked to most of RARσ (retinoic acid receptor). In some cases, a different translocation (t(11 ;17)) causes the fusion between the zinc finger protein PLZF and RARα. In the absence of ligand, the wild type RARα represses target genes by tethering HDAC repressor complexes to the promoter DNA. During normal hematopoiesis, retinoic acid (RA) binds RARα and displaces the repressor complex, allowing expression of genes implicated in myeloid differentiation. The RARα fusion proteins occurring in APL patients are no longer responsive to physiological levels of RA and they interfere with the expression of the RA- inducible genes that promote myeloid differentiation. This results in a clonal expansion of promyelocytic cells and development of leukaemia. In vitro experiments have shown that TSA is capable of restoring RA-responsiveness to the fusion RARα proteins and of allowing myeloid differentiation. These results establish a link between HDACs and oncogenesis and suggest that HDACs are potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention in APL patients. (See, for example, Kitamura et al., 2000; David et al., 1998; Lin et al., 1998).

BELINOSTAT

Furthermore, different lines of evidence suggest that HDACs may be important therapeutic targets in other types of cancer. Cell lines derived from many different cancers (prostate, coloreetal, breast, neuronal, hepatic) are induced to differentiate by HDAC inhibitors (Yoshida and Horinouchi, 1999). A number of HDAC inhibitors have been studied in animal models of cancer. They reduce tumour growth and prolong the lifespan of mice bearing different types of transplanted tumours, including melanoma, leukaemia, colon, lung and gastric carcinomas, etc. (Ueda et al., 1994; Kim et al., 1999).

Psoriasis is a common chronic disfiguring skin disease which is characterised by well-demarcated, red, hardened scaly plaques: these may be limited or widespread. The prevalence rate of psoriasis is approximately 2%, i.e., 12.5 million sufferers in the triad countries (US/Europe/Japan). While the disease is rarely fatal, it clearly has serious detrimental effects upon the quality of life of the patient: this is further compounded by the lack of effective therapies. Present treatments are either ineffective, cosmetically unacceptable, or possess undesired side effects. There is therefore a large unmet clinical need for effective and safe drugs for this condition. Psoriasis is a disease of complex etiology. Whilst there is clearly a genetic component, with a number of gene loci being involved, there are also undefined environmental triggers. Whatever the ultimate cause of psoriasis, at the cellular level, it is characterised by local T-cell mediated inflammation, by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and by localised angiogenesis. These are all processes in which histone deacetylases have been implicated (see, e.g., Saunders et al., 1999; Bernhard et al, 1999; Takahashi et al, 1996; Kim et al , 2001 ). Therefore HDAC inhibitors may be of use in therapy for psoriasis. Candidate drugs may be screened, for example, using proliferation assays with T-cells and/or keratinocytes.

CLIP

PXD101/Belinostat®

(E)-N-hydroxy-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylamide, also known as PXD101 and Belinostat®, shown below, is a well known histone deacetylate (HDAC) inhibitor. It is being developed for treatment of a range of disorders mediated by HDAC, including proliferative conditions (such as cancer and psoriasis), malaria, etc.

PXD101 was first described in WO 02/30879 A2. That document describes a multi-step method of synthesis which may conveniently be illustrated by the following scheme.

PATENT

GENERAL SYNTHESIS

WO2002030879A2

IGNORE 10

ENTRY 45 IS BELINOSTAT

Scheme 1

By using amines instead of aniline, the corresponding products may be obtained. The use of aniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 4-methylaniline, 4-bromoaniline, 4-chloroaniline, 4-benzylamine, and 4-phenethyamine, among others, is described in the Examples below.

In another method, a suitable amino acid (e.g., ω-amino acid) having a protected carboxylic acid (e.g., as an ester) and an unprotected amino group is reacted with a sulfonyl chloride compound (e.g., RSO₂CI) to give the corresponding sulfonamide having a protected carboxylic acid. The protected carboxylic acid is then deprotected using base to give the free carboxylic acid, which is then reacted with, for example, hydroxylamine 2-chlorotrityl resin followed by acid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid), to give the desired carbamic acid.

One example of this approach is illustrated below, in Scheme 2, wherein the reaction conditions are as follows: (i) RSO₂CI, pyridine, DCM, room temperature, 12 hours; (ii) 1 M LiOH or 1 M NaOH, dioxane, room temperature, 3-48 hours; (iii) hydroxylamine 2-chlorotrityl resin, HOAt, HATU, DIPEA, DCM, room temperature, 16 hours; and (iv) TFA/DCM (5:95, v/v), room temperature, 1.5 hours.

Scheme 2

Additional methods for the synthesis of compounds of the present invention are illustrated below and are exemplified in the examples below.

Scheme 3A

Scheme 3B

Scheme 4

Scheme 8

Scheme 9

PATENT

SYNTHESIS

WO2002030879A2

Example 1

3-Formylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (1)

Oleum (5 ml) was placed in a reaction vessel and benzaldehyde (2.00 g, 18.84 mmol) was slowly added not exceeding the temperature of the reaction mixture more than 30°C. The obtained solution was stirred at 40°C for ten hours and at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into ice and extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was treated with CaC0₃ until the evolution of C0₂ ceased (pH~6-7), then the precipitated CaSO₄was filtered off and washed with water. The filtrate was treated with Na₂CO₃ until the pH of the reaction medium increased to pH 8, obtained CaCO3 was filtered off and water solution was evaporated in vacuum. The residue was washed with methanol, the washings were evaporated and the residue was dried in desiccator over P₂Oβ affording the title compound (2.00 g, 51%). ¹H NMR (D₂0), δ: 7.56-8.40 (4H, m); 10.04 ppm (1 H, s).

Example 2 3-(3-Sulfophenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester, sodium salt (2)

Sodium salt of 3-formylbenzenesulfonic acid (1) (1.00 g, 4.80 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.32 g, 9.56 mmol), trimethyl phosphonoacetate (1.05 g, 5.77 mmol) and water (2 ml) were stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min., precipitated solid was filtered and washed with methanol. The filtrate was evaporated and the title compound (2) was obtained as a white solid (0.70 g, 55%). ¹H NMR (DMSO- d_βl HMDSO), δ: 3.68 (3H, s); 6.51 (1 H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.30-7.88 (5H, m).

Example 3 3-(3-Chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3)

To the sodium salt of 3-(3-sulfophenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (2) (0.670 g, 2.53 mmol) benzene (2 ml), thionyl chloride (1.508 g, 0.9 ml, 12.67 mmol) and 3 drops of dimethylformamide were added and the resultant suspension was stirred at reflux for one hour. The reaction mixture was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in benzene (3 ml), filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to give the title compound (0.6’40 g, 97%).

Example 4 3-(3-Phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (4a)

A solution of 3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) (0.640 g, 2.45 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 ml) was added to a mixture of aniline (0.465 g, 4.99 mmol) and pyridine (1 ml), and the resultant solution was stirred at 50°C for one hour. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 10% HCI. The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated NaCl, and dried (Na₂S0 ). The solvent was removed and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel with chloroform-ethyl acetate (7:1 , v/v) as eluent. The obtained product was washed with diethyl ether to give the title compound (0.226 g, 29%). ¹H NMR (CDCI₃, HMDSO), δ: 3.72 (3H, s); 6.34 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.68 (1 H, br s); 6.92-7.89 (10H, m).

Example 5 3-(3-Phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylic acid (5a)

3-(3-Phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (4a) (0.220 g, 0.69 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (3 ml), 1N NaOH (2.08 ml, 2.08 mmol) was added and the resultant solution was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was acidified with 10% HCI and stirred for 30 min. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water and dried in desiccator over P₂Os to give the title compound as a white solid (0.173 g, 82%). Example 6 3-(3-Phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acryloyl chloride (6a)

To a suspension of 3-(3-phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylic acid (5a) (0.173 g, 0.57 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.3 ml) oxalyl chloride (0.17 ml, 1.95 mmol) and one drop of dimethylformamide were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40°C for one hour and concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude title compound (0.185 g).

Example 7

N-Hydroxy-3-(3-phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylamide (7a) (PX105684) BELINOSTAT

To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.200 g, 2.87 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3.5 ml) a saturated NaHCOβ solution (2.5 ml) was added and the resultant mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 min. To the reaction mixture a 3-(3-phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acryloyl chloride (6a) (0.185 g) solution in tetrahydrofuran (2.3 ml) was added and stirred at ambient temperature for one hour. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 2N HCI. The organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated NaCl, the solvent was removed and the residue was washed with acetonitrile and diethyl ether.

The title compound was obtained as a white solid (0.066 g, 36%), m.p. 172°C. BELINOSTAT

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, HMDSO), δ: 6.49 (1 H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.18-8.05 (10H, m); 9.16 (1 H, br s); 10.34 (1 H, s); 10.85 ppm (1 H, br s).

HPLC analysis on Symmetry C₁₈column: impurities 4% (column size 3.9×150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile – 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 40:60; sample concentration 1 mg/ml; flow rate 0.8 ml/ min; detector UV 220 nm).

Anal. Calcd for C₁₅Hι₄N₂0₄S, %: C 56.59, H 4.43, N 8.80. Found, %: C 56.28, H 4.44, N 8.56.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/CN102786448A?cl=en

Example: belinostat (compound of formula I) Preparation of

Methods of operation:

The compound of formula II (4. Og) added to the reactor, was added methanol 30ml, and stirred to dissolve, was added IM aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (38mL), stirred at room temperature overnight, the reaction was completed, ethyl acetate was added (IOmL) ^ K (20mL), stirred for 5 minutes, phase separation, the ethyl acetate phase was discarded, the aqueous phase was acidified with 10% hydrochloric acid to pH2, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, filtered, washed with water, and dried to give hydrolyzate 3. lg, yield rate of 81.6%.

The hydrolyzate (3. Og) added to the reactor, was added methylene chloride (53. 2g), dissolved with stirring, was added oxalyl chloride (2.8mL, 0.0032mol) at room temperature was added I drop DMF, reflux I hours, concentrated and the residue was dissolved in THF (30mL) alternate, the other to take a reaction flask was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3. 5g, 0.05mol), THF (50mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (40mL), the mixture at room temperature under stirring for 10 minutes, then was added to spare, stirred at room temperature for I hour, the reaction was complete, at – at room temperature was added ethyl acetate (50mL), 2M hydrochloric acid (50mL), stirred for 5 minutes the phases were separated, the aqueous phase was discarded, the organic layer was washed with water, saturated brine, dried, filtered and concentrated to give crude product belinostat, recrystallized from ethyl acetate, 50 ° C and dried for 8 hours to give white crystals 2. 6g, yield 83.8%. . 1H-NMR (DMS0-d6, 400MHz) δ: 6 50 (1H, d, J = 16. OHz); 7 07 (d, J = 7. 8Hz, 2H); 7 16 (t.. , J = 7. 3Hz, 1H);. 7 25 (m, 2H);. 7 45 (t, J = 7. 8Hz, 1H);. 7 60 (d, J = 15. 9Hz, 1H); 7 . 62 (d, J = 7. 7Hz, 1H);. 7 75 (d, J = 7. 8Hz, 1H);. 7 88 (br s. ‘1H);. 9 17 (br s’ 1H); 10. 35 (s, 1H);. 10 82ppm (br s, 1H). ·

Step a): Preparation of Compound III

The carboxy benzene sulfonate (224g, Imol), anhydrous methanol (2300g), concentrated hydrochloric acid (188. 6g) refluxing

3-5 hours, filtered and the filtrate was added anhydrous sodium bicarbonate powder (200g), stirred for I hour, filtered, the filter residue was discarded, the filtrate was concentrated. The concentrate was added methanol (2000g), stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness, 80 ° C and dried for 4 hours to give a white solid compound III147g, yield 61.8%.

Step b): Preparation of Compound IV

Compound III (50g, 0. 21mol), phosphorus oxychloride (250mL) was refluxed for 2_6 hours, completion of the reaction, cooled to

0-5 ° C, was slowly added to ice water, stirred for 2 hours and filtered to give a brown solid compound IV40 g, due to the instability of Compound IV, directly into the next reaction without drying.

Preparation of Compound V: [0040] Step c)

The aniline (5. 58g, 0. 06mol) and 30mL of toluene added to the reactor, stirred to dissolve, in step b) the resulting compound IV (7. 05g, O. 03mol) was dissolved in 60 ml of toluene, at room temperature dropwise added to the reactor, the addition was completed, stirring at room temperature for 1-2 hours, the reaction was completed, the filtered solid washed with water, and then recrystallized from toluene, 50 ° C and dried for 4 hours to obtain a white crystalline compound V6. Og, yield 73%. mp:.. 144 4-145 2. . .

1H- bandit R (CDCl3, 400MHz) δ:…. 3 92 (s, 3H); 6 80 (. Br s, 1H); 7 06-7 09 (m, 2H); 7 11. . -7 15 (m, 1H);.. 7 22-7 26 (m, 2H);. 7 51 (t, J = 7. 8Hz, 1H);.. 7 90-7 93 (dt, J = . 1.2,7 8Hz, 1H); 8 18-8 21 (dt, J = I. 4, 7. 8Hz, 1H);… 8 48 (t, J = L 6Hz, 1H).

IR v ™ r: 3243,3198,3081,2953,1705,1438,1345,766,702,681cm-1.

Step d): Preparation of Compound VI

The anhydrous lithium chloride 2. 32g, potassium borohydride 2. 96g, THF50mL added to the reactor, stirring evenly, Compound V (8g, 0. 027mol) was dissolved in 7mL of tetrahydrofuran, was slowly dropped into the reactor was heated under reflux for 5 hours, the reaction was completed, the force mouth 40mL water and ethyl acetate 40mL, stirred for half an hour, allowed to stand for separation, the organic layer was washed with 40mL water, concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product, the crude product was recrystallized from toluene, solid 50 V dried for 4 hours to give a white crystalline compound VI6. 82g, yield 90. O%. mp:.. 98 2-98 6. . .

1H-NMR (DMS0-d6, 400ΜΗζ) δ:….. 4 53 (s, 2H); 5 39 (s, 1H); 6 99-7 03 (m, 1H); 7 08- 7. ll (m, 2H);.. 7 19-7 24 (m, 2H);.. 7 45-7 52 (m, 2H);.. 7 61-7 63 (dt, J = I. 8 , 7 4Hz, 1H);.. 7 79 (br s, 1H);. 10. 26 (s, 1H).

IRv =: 3453,3130,2964,1488,1151,1031, 757,688cm_10

Step e): Preparation of Compound VII

After Compound VI (7.5g, 0.028mol) dissolved in acetone was added 7ml, dichloromethane was added 60mL, supported on silica gel was added PCC at room temperature 20g, stirred at room temperature for 12-24 hours, the reaction was complete, filtered and the filtrate was purified The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was discarded after the organic phase is washed 30mL5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give the crude product, the crude product was recrystallized from toluene, 50 ° C and dried for 8 hours to give white crystalline compound VII4. 7g, yield 62.7%. mp:.. 128 1-128 5 ° C.

1H- bandit R (CDCl3,400MHz) δ:…. 7 08-7 15 (m, 4Η); 7 · 23-7 27 (m, 2H); 7 · 60-7 64 (t, J = 7 7Hz, 1Η);.. 8 00 (d, J = 7. 6Hz, 1Η);. 8 04 (d, J = 7. 6Hz, 1Η);. 8 30 (br s’ 1Η).; 10. 00 (S, 1Η).

IR ν ™ Γ: 3213,3059,2964,2829,1687,1480,1348,1159,1082,758,679cm_10

Preparation of compounds of formula II: [0055] Step f)

phosphoryl trimethylorthoacetate (2. 93g, 0. 0161mol) added to the reaction vessel, THF30mL, stirring to dissolve, cooled to -5-0 ° C, was added sodium hydride (O. 8g, content 80%) , the addition was completed, stirring for 10-20 minutes, was added dropwise the compound VII (4g, O. 0156mol) and THF (20mL) solution, stirred for 1_4 hours at room temperature, the reaction was complete, 10% aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added dropwise 50mL, and then After addition of 50mL of ethyl acetate, stirred 30min rested stratification, the aqueous layer was discarded, the organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product, the crude product was recrystallized from methanol 60mL, 50 ° C and dried for 8 hours to give white crystalline compound 113. 6g, yield 75%. mp:.. 152 0-152 5 ° C.

1H-Nmr (Cdci3JOOmHz) δ:…. 3 81 (s, 3H); 6 40 (d, J = 16. 0Hz, 1H); 6 79 (. Br s, 1H); 7 08 ( d, J = 7. 8Hz, 2H);. 7 14 (t, J = 7. 3Hz, 1H);. 7 24 (m, 2H);. 7 46 (t, J = 7. 8Hz, 1H); 7. 61 (d, J = 16. ΟΗζ, ΙΗ);. 7 64 (d, J = 7. 6Hz, 1H);. 7 75 (d, J = 7. 8Hz, 1H);. 7 89 (br . s, 1H).

IR v ^ :: 3172,3081,2954,2849,1698,1475,1345,1157,773,714,677cm-1.

PATENT

SYNTHESIS

US20100286279

Figure US20100286279A1-20101111-C00034

CLIP

SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL DATA

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011 , vol. 54, 13 pg. 4694 – 4720

(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylamide (28, belinostat, PXD101).

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jm2003552

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm2003552/suppl_file/jm2003552_si_001.pdf

The methyl ester (27) (8.0 g) was prepared according to reported synthetic route,

(Watkins, C. J.; Romero-Martin, M.-R.; Moore, K. G.; Ritchie, J.; Finn, P. W.; Kalvinsh, I.;
Loza, E.; Dikvoska, K.; Gailite, V.; Vorona, M.; Piskunova, I.; Starchenkov, I.; Harris, C. J.;
Duffy, J. E. S. Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as HDAC
inhibitors. PCT Int. Appl. WO200230879A2, April 18, 2002.)
but using procedure D (Experimental Section) or method described for 26 to convert the methyl ester to crude
hydroxamic acid which was further purified by chromatography (silica, MeOH/DCM = 1:10) to
afford 28 (PXD101) as off-white or pale yellow powder (2.5 g, 31%).

LC–MS m/z 319.0 ([M +H]+).

1H NMR (DMSO-d6)  12–9 (very broad, 2H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J

= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (d,J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H);

13C NMR (DMSO-d6)  162.1, 140.6, 138.0, 136.5, 135.9, 131.8, 130.0, 129.2, 127.1, 124.8, 124.1, 121.3, 120.4.

Anal.
(C15H14N2O4S) C, H, N

PATENT

SYNTHESIS

WO2009040517A2

PXDIOI / Belinostat®

PXD101 was first described in WO 02/30879 A2. That document describes a multi-step method of synthesis which may conveniently be illustrated by the following scheme.

Scheme 1

Not isolated

ed on (A)

on (D)

d on (H)

There is a need for alternative methods for the synthesis of PXD101 and related compounds for example, methods which are simpler and/or employ fewer steps and/or permit higher yields and/or higher purity product.

Scheme 5

DMAP, toluene

Synthesis 1 3-Bromo-N-phenyl-benzenesulfonamide (3)

To a 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was charged aniline (2) (4.01 kg; 93.13 g/mol; 43 mol), toluene (25 L), and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) (12 g), and the mixture was heated to 50-60⁰C. 3-Bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1) (5 kg; 255.52 g/mol; 19.6 mol) was charged into the reactor over 30 minutes at 50-60⁰C and progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC. After 19 hours, toluene (5 L) was added due to losses overnight through the vent line and the reaction was deemed to be complete with no compound (1) being detected by HPLC. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (10 L) and then quenched with 2 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (20 L). The organic and aqueous layers were separated, the aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed with water (20 L), and then 5% (w/w) sodium bicarbonate solution (20 L), while maintaining the batch temperature at 45-55°C. The batch was then used in the next synthesis.

Synthesis 2 (E)-3-(3-Phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid ethyl ester (5)

To the batch containing 3-bromo-N-phenyl-benzenesulfonamide (3) (the treated organic layer obtained in the previous synthesis) was added triethylamine (2.97 kg; 101.19 g/mol; 29.4 mol), tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (119 g; 304.37 g/mol; 0.4 mol), and palladium (II) acetate (44 g; 224.51 g/mol; 0.2 mol), and the resulting mixture was degassed four times with a vacuum/nitrogen purge at 45-55°C. Catalytic palladium (0) was formed in situ. The batch was then heated to 80-90⁰C and ethyl acrylate (4) (2.16 kg; 100.12 g/mol; 21.6 mol) was slowly added over 2.75 hours. The batch was sampled after a further 2 hours and was deemed to be complete with no compound (3) being detected by HPLC. The batch was cooled to 45-55°C and for convenience was left at this temperature overnight.

The batch was then reduced in volume under vacuum to 20-25 L, at a batch temperature of 45-55°C, and ethyl acetate (20 L) was added. The batch was filtered and the residue washed with ethyl acetate (3.5 L). The residue was discarded and the filtrates were sent to a 100 gallon (-454 L) reactor, which had been pre-heated to 60⁰C. The 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was then cleaned to remove any residual Pd, while the batch in the 100 gallon (-454 L) reactor was washed with 2 M aqueous hydrochloric acid and water at 45-55°C. Once the washes were complete and the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was clean, the batch was transferred from the 100 gallon (-454 L) reactor back to the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor and the solvent was swapped under vacuum from ethyl acetate/toluene to toluene while maintaining a batch temperature of 45-55°C (the volume was reduced to 20-25 L). At this point, the batch had precipitated and heptanes (10 L) were added to re-dissolve it. The batch was then cooled to 0-10⁰C and held at this temperature over the weekend in order to precipitate the product. The batch was filtered and the residue was washed with heptanes (5 L). A sample of the wet-cake was taken for Pd analysis. The Pd content of the crude product (5) was determined to be 12.9 ppm.

The wet-cake was then charged back into the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor along with ethyl acetate (50 L) and heated to 40-50⁰C in order to obtain a solution. A sparkler filter loaded with 12 impregnated Darco G60® carbon pads was then connected to the reactor and the solution was pumped around in a loop through the sparkler filter. After 1 hour, a sample was taken and evaporated to dryness and analysed for Pd content. The amount of Pd was found to be 1.4 ppm. A second sample was taken after 2 hours and evaporated to dryness and analysed for Pd content. The amount of Pd had been reduced to 0.6 ppm. The batch was blown back into the reactor and held at 40-50⁰C overnight before the solvent was swapped under vacuum from ethyl acetate to toluene while maintaining a batch temperature of 45-55°C (the volume was reduced to 20-25 L). At this point, the batch had precipitated and heptanes (10 L) were added to re-dissolve it and the batch was cooled to 0-10⁰C and held at this temperature overnight in order to precipitate the product. The batch was filtered and the residue was washed with heptanes (5 L). The filtrate was discarded and the residue was dried at 45-55°C under vacuum for 25 hours. A first lot of the title compound (5) was obtained as an off-white solid (4.48 kg, 69% overall yield from 3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1)) with a Pd content of 0.4 ppm and a purity of 99.22% (AUC) by HPLC.

Synthesis 3 (E)-3-(3-Phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrvlic acid (6)

To the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was charged the (E)-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)- acrylic acid ethyl ester (5) (4.48 kg; 331.39 g/mol; 13.5 mol) along with 2 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (17.76 L; -35 mol). The mixture was heated to 40-50°C and held at this temperature for 2 hours before sampling, at which point the reaction was deemed to be complete with no compound (5) being detected by HPLC. The batch was adjusted to pH 2.2 using 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid while maintaining the batch temperature between 40-50⁰C. The product had precipitated and the batch was cooled to 20-30⁰C and held at this temperature for 1 hour before filtering and washing the cake with water (8.9 L). The filtrate was discarded. The batch was allowed to condition on the filter overnight before being charged back into the reactor and slurried in water (44.4 L) at 40-50⁰C for 2 hours. The batch was cooled to 15-20°C, held for 1 hour, and then filtered and the residue washed with water (8.9 L). The filtrate was discarded. The crude title compound (6) was transferred to an oven for drying at 45-55°C under vacuum with a slight nitrogen bleed for 5 days (this was done for convenience) to give a white solid (3.93 kg, 97% yield). The moisture content of the crude material was measured using Karl Fischer (KF) titration and found to be <0.1% (w/w). To the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was charged the crude compound (6) along with acetonitrile (47.2 L). The batch was heated to reflux (about 80°C) and held at reflux for 2 hours before cooling to 0-10°C and holding at this temperature overnight in order to precipitate the product. The batch was filtered and the residue was washed with cold acetonitrile (7.9 L). The filtrate was discarded and the residue was dried under vacuum at 45-55°C for 21.5 hours. The title compound (6) was obtained as a fluffy white solid (3.37 kg, 84% yield with respect to compound (5)) with a purity of 99.89% (AUC) by HPLC.

Synthesis 4 (E)-N-Hvdroxy-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylamide (PXD101) BELINOSTAT

To the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was charged (E)-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (6) (3.37 kg; 303.34 g/mol; 11.1 mol) and a pre-mixed solution of 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in isopropyl acetate (IPAc) (27 g in 30 L; 152.24 g/mol; 0.18 mol). The slurry was stirred and thionyl chloride (SOCI₂) (960 mL; density ~1.631 g/mL; 118.97 g/mol; -13 mol) was added to the reaction mixture and the batch was stirred at 20-30⁰C overnight. After 18.5 hours, the batch was sampled and deemed to be complete with no compound (6) being detected by HPLC. The resulting solution was transferred to a 100 L Schott reactor for temporary storage while the

30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was rinsed with isopropyl acetate (IPAc) and water. Deionized water (28.9 L) was then added to the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor followed by 50% (w/w) hydroxylamine (6.57 L; -1.078 g/mL; 33.03 g/mol; -214 mol) and another charge of deionized water (1.66 L) to rinse the lines free of hydroxylamine to make a 10% (w/w) hydroxylamine solution. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (6.64 L) was then charged to the

30 gallon (-136 L) reactor and the mixture was stirred and cooled to 0-10⁰C. The acid chloride solution (from the 100 L Schott reactor) was then slowly charged into the hydroxylamine solution over 1 hour maintaining a batch temperature of 0-10°C during the addition. The batch was then allowed to warm to 20-30⁰C. The aqueous layer was separated and discarded. The organic layer was then reduced in volume under vacuum while maintaining a batch temperature of less than 30⁰C. The intention was to distill out 10-13 L of solvent, but this level was overshot. A larger volume of isopropyl acetate (IPAc) (16.6 L) was added and about 6 L of solvent was distilled out. The batch had precipitated and heptanes (24.9 L) were added and the batch was held at 20-30°C overnight. The batch was filtered and the residue was washed with heptanes (6.64 L). The filtrate was discarded and the residue was dried at 45-55°C under vacuum with a slight nitrogen bleed over the weekend. The title compound (PXD101) was obtained as a light orange solid (3.11 kg, 89% yield with respect to compound (6)) with a purity of 99.25% (AUC) by HPLC.

The title compound (PXD101) (1.2 kg, 3.77 mol) was dissolved in 8 volumes of 1:1 (EtOH/water) at 60⁰C. Sodium bicarbonate (15.8 g, 5 mol%) was added to the solution. Water (HPLC grade) was then added at a rate of 65 mL/min while keeping the internal temperature >57°C. After water (6.6 L) had been added, crystals started to form and the water addition was stopped. The reaction mixture was then cooled at a rate of 10°C/90 min to a temperature of 0-10^cC and then stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The crystals were then filtered and collected. The filter cake was washed by slurrying in water (2 x 1.2 L) and then dried in an oven at 45°C for 60 hours with a slight nitrogen bleed. 1.048 kg (87% recovery) of a light orange solid was recovered. Microscopy and XRPD data showed a conglomerate of irregularly shaped birefringant crystalline particles. The compound was found to contain 0.02% water.

As discussed above: the yield of compound (5) with respect to compound (1) was 69%. the yield of compound (6) with respect to compound (5) was 84%. the yield of PXD101 with respect to compound (6) was 89%.

PAPER

Synthetic Commun. 2010, 40, 2520-2524.

PATENT

FORMULATION

WO2006120456A1

Formulation Studies

These studies demonstrate a substantial enhancement of HDACi solubility (on the order of a 500-fold increase for PXD-101) using one or more of: cyclodextrin, arginine, and meglumine. The resulting compositions are stable and can be diluted to the desired target concentration without the risk of precipitation. Furthermore, the compositions have a pH that, while higher than ideal, is acceptable for use.

UV Absorbance

The ultraviolet (UV absorbance E\ value for PXD-101 was determined by plotting a calibration curve of PXD-101 concentration in 50:50 methanol/water at the λ_max for the material, 269 nm. Using this method, the E¹i value was determined as 715.7.

Methanol/water was selected as the subsequent diluting medium for solubility studies rather than neat methanol (or other organic solvent) to reduce the risk of precipitation of the cyclodextrin.

Solubility in Demineralised Water

The solubility of PXD-101 was determined to be 0.14 mg/mL for demineralised water. Solubility Enhancement with Cvclodextrins

Saturated samples of PXD-101 were prepared in aqueous solutions of two natural cyclodextrins (α-CD and γ-CD) and hydroxypropyl derivatives of the α, β and Y cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD and HP-γ-CD). All experiments were completed with cyclodextrin concentrations of 250 mg/mL, except for α-CD, where the solubility of the cyclodextrin was not sufficient to achieve this concentration. The data are summarised in the following table. HP-β-CD offers the best solubility enhancement for PXD-101.

Phase Solubility Determination of HP-β-CD

The phase solubility diagram for HP-β-CD was prepared for concentrations of cyclodextrin between 50 and 500 mg/mL (5-50% w/v). The calculated saturated solubilities of the complexed HDACi were plotted against the concentration of cyclodextrin. See Figure 1.

Links

CLIP

SPECTRUM

Tiny Biotech With Three Cancer Drugs Is More Alluring Takeover Bet Now
Forbes
The drug is one of Spectrum’s two drugs undergoing phase 3 clinical trials. Allergan paid Spectrum $41.5 million and will make additional payments of up to $304 million based on achieving certain milestones. So far, Raj Shrotriya, Spectrum’s chairman, …

http://www.forbes.com/sites/genemarcial/2013/07/14/tiny-biotech-with-three-cancer-drugs-is-more-alluring-takeover-bet-now/

CLIP

Copenhagen, December 10, 2013

Topotarget announces the submission of a New Drug Application (NDA) for belinostat for the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The NDA has been filed for Accelerated Approval with a request for Priority Review. Response from the FDA regarding acceptance to file is expected within 60 days from the FDA receipt date.

read all this here

PAPER

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00170

The Development of an Effective Synthetic Route of Belinostat

Xuefei Bao, Dake Song, Xuejun Qiao, Xuan Zhao, and Guoliang Chen^*

Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00170

Publication Date (Web): July 12, 2016

*E-mail: guoliang222@gmail.com.

A practical synthetic route of belinostat is reported. Belinostat was obtained via a five-step process starting from benzaldehyde and including addition reaction with sodium bisulfite, sulfochlorination with chlorosulfonic acid, sulfonamidation with aniline, Knoevenagel condensation, and the final amidation with hydroxylamine. Key to the strategy is the preparation of 3-formylbenzenesulfonyl chloride using an economical and practical protocol. The main advantages of the route include inexpensive starting materials and acceptable overall yield. The scale-up experiment was carried out to provide 169 g of belinostat with 99.6% purity in 33% total yield.

(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-((phenylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)acrylamide (Belinostat, 1)

mp 172–174 °C, (lit.(@) 172 °C). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ = 10.75–10.42 (m, 2H), 9.15 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),7.47 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.10–7.01 (m, 3H), 6.51 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H). MS (ESI): m/z = 318.6 [M+H] ⁺.

Clip

Belinostat (Beleodaq),

Belinostat is a drug which was developed by Spectrum Pharmaceuticals and is currently marketed by Onxeo as Beleodaq. The
drug, which received fast track designation by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and was approved for
the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors associated with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in 2014,58 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and is the third such treatment to receive accelerated approval for PTCL, the others being
vorinostat (Zolinza) and pralatrexate (Folotyn).58 Although belinostat was not yet approved in Europe as of August 2014,58 the
compound exhibits a safety profile considered to be acceptable for HDAC inhibitors–less than 25% of patients reported adverse
effects and these most frequently were nausea, fatigue, pyrexia,anemia, and emesis.58 While several different synthetic approaches
have been reported for the preparation of belinostat and related HDAC inhibitors,59–62 the most likely process-scale approach has
been described in a patent application filed by Reisch and co-workers at Topotarget UK, which exemplifies the synthesis described in
Scheme 8 on kilogram scale.63

Commercially available 3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride (41) was reacted with aniline in the presence of aqueous sodium carbonate
to deliver sulfonamide 42 in 94% yield. Next, this aryl bromide was subjected to a Heck reaction involving ethyl acrylate to
give rise to cinnamate ester 43, which was immediately saponified under basic conditions and acidic workup to furnish the corresponding acid 44. This acid was activated as the corresponding acid chloride prior to subjection to hydroxylamine under basic conditions to form the hydroxamic acid, which was then recrystallized from an 8:1 ethanol/water mixture in the presence of a catalytic
amount of sodium bicarbonate to furnish crystalline belinostat (VI) in 87% overall yield from acid 44.61

Lee, H. Z.; Kwitkowski, V. E.; Del Valle, P. L.; Ricci, M. S.; Saber, H.;Habtemariam, B. A.; Bullock, J.; Bloomquist, E.; Li Shen, Y.; Chen, X. H.;Brown, J.; Mehrotra, N.; Dorff, S.; Charlab, R.; Kane, R. C.; Kaminskas, E.;Justice, R.; Farrell, A. T.; Pazdur, R. Clin. Cancer Res. 2015, 21, 2666.
59. Qian, J.; Zhang, G.; Qin, H.; Zhu, Y.; Xiao, Y. CN Patent 102786448A, 2012.
60. Wang, H.; Yu, N.; Chen, D.; Lee, K. C.; Lye, P. L.; Chang, J. W.; Deng, W.; Ng, M.C.; Lu, T.; Khoo, M. L.; Poulsen, A.; ngthongpitag, K.; Wu, X.; Hu, C.; Goh, K.C.; Wang, X.; Fang, L.; Goh, K. L.; Khng, H. H.; Goh, S. K.; Yeo, P.; Liu, X.; Bonday, Z.; Wood, J. M.; Dymock, B. W.; Kantharaj, E.; Sun, E. T. J. Med. Chem.2011, 54, 4694.
61. Yang, L.; Xue, X.; Zhang, Y. Synth. Comm. 2010, 40, 2520.

CLIP

ayurajan

Let’s Research !!!!!

https://ayurajan.blogspot.in/2016/06/belinostat-hdac-inhibitor.html

Helv Chim Acta 2005, 88(7), 1630-1657: It is first reported synthesis for Belinostat and many other derivatives. The procedure uses oleum, thionyl chloride (SOCl₂) as well as oxalyl chloride (COCl)₂, no wonder better procedures were derived from it. ABOVE
Synth Comm 2010, 40(17), 2520–2524: The synthesis avoids the use of the extremely corrosive oleum and thionyl chloride (SOCl₂) and therefore is possibly better for scaled-up production. Second, synthetic steps do not involve tedious separations and give a better overall yield. BELOW

Identifications:

1H NMR (Estimated) for Belinostat

Experimental: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 6.52 (d, J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 6.81–7.12 (m, 6H), 7.33 (d, J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 7.47–7.67 (m, 3 H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 9.00–11.20 (br, 3H).

SEE COMPILATION ON SIMILAR COMPOUNDS AT …………..http://drugsynthesisint.blogspot.in/p/nostat-series.html

HPLC

ANALYTICAL HPLC TEST METHOD

HPLC spectrum of Belinostat.

PATENT

http://www.google.si/patents/CN102531972A?cl=en

Belinostat synthesis process related to the first report of the literature of W002 / 30879 A2, including preparation for Belinostat described as follows:

Figure CN102531972AD00031

Example 3:

3- (3-sulfonate-yl) phenyl – acrylate preparation:

First, 3-bromophenyl sulfonate 37. Ig (257. 90g / mol, 0. 1439mol) was dissolved with stirring in 260mL toluene IL reactor was then added triethylamine 36. 5g (101. 19g / mol, 0. 3604mol), tri (o-methylphenyl) phosphine 0. 875g (304. 37g / mol, 0. 002874mol), palladium acetate 0. 324g (224. 51g, 0. 001441mol), the reaction mixture was heated to 45- 55 ° C with nitrogen pumping ventilation four, this time in the reaction system to generate the catalytically active 1 ^ (0). The temperature of the reaction system was raised to 80-90 ° C, within 2. 75h dropwise methacrylate 13. 6g (86. 04g / mol, 0. 1586mol), the reaction was continued after the cell by HPLC 3- bromophenyl sulfonyl chloride was completion of the reaction. The temperature of the reaction system was reduced to 45-55 ° C.

[0021] In at 45-55 ° C, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, ethyl acetate and n-heptane and recrystallized to give the product 29. 4g, 83% yield.

[0022] The spectral data:

1HNMR (DMS0-d6, HMDS0), δ (ppm): 3. 65 (3H, S, H-1); 6. 47 (1H, d, J = 16 0 Hz, H-2.); 7. 30 -8 00 (5H, m, H-3, H_4, H_5, H_6, H_7) m / e:. 264. 23

Links

References

1. “Beleodaq (belinostat) For Injection, For Intravenous Administration. Full Prescribing Information” (PDF). Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Irvine, CA 92618. Retrieved 21 November2015.
2. Plumb JA; Finn PW; Williams RJ; et al. (2003). “Pharmacodynamic Response and Inhibition of Growth of Human Tumor Xenografts by the Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor PXD101”. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2 (8): 721–728.PMID 12939461.
3. “FDA approves Beleodaq to treat rare, aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma”. FDA. 3 July 2014.
4. “CuraGen Corporation (CRGN) and TopoTarget A/S Announce Presentation of Belinostat Clinical Trial Results at AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference”. October 2007.
5. Final Results of a Phase II Trial of Belinostat (PXD101) in Patients with Recurrent or Refractory Peripheral or Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, December 2009
6. “Spectrum adds to cancer pipeline with $350M deal.”. February 2010.
7. H. Spreitzer (4 August 2014). “Neue Wirkstoffe – Belinostat”.Österreichische Apothekerzeitung (in German) (16/2014): 27.
8. Lexicomp, (corporate author) (2016). Bragalone, DL, ed.Drug Information Handbook for Oncology (14th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 9781591953517.
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2005 , vol. 88, 7 PG. 1630 – 1657, MP 172
WO2009/40517 A2, ….
WO2006/120456 A1, …..
Synthetic Communications, 2010 , vol. 40, 17 PG. 2520 – 2524, MP 172
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011 , vol. 54, 13 PG. 4694 – 4720, NMR IN SUP INFO

Drug@FDA, NDA206256 Pharmacology Review(s).

Biochem. J. 2008, 409, 581-589.

J. Transl. Med. 2007, 5, 1-12.

Mol. Cancer Ther. 2006, 5, 2086-2095.

Int. J. Cancer 2008, 122, 1400-1410.

. PLoS One 2013, 8, e54522.

Synthetic Commun. 2010, 40, 2520-2524.

CN101868446A *	Sep 23, 2008	Oct 20, 2010	托波塔吉特英国有限公司	Methods of synthesis of certain hydroxamic acid compounds
CN102531972A *	Dec 31, 2010	Jul 4, 2012	北京万全阳光医药科技有限公司	Preparation method of intermediate of antitumor medicament Belinostat
EP2093292A2 *	Mar 26, 2001	Aug 26, 2009	Methylgene, Inc.	Inhibition of specific histone deacetylase isoforms
GB2378179A *				Title not available
WO2002030879A2 *	Sep 27, 2001	Apr 18, 2002	Prolifix Limited	Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as hdac inhibitors
WO2008068170A1 *	Nov 27, 2007	Jun 12, 2008	William Paul Jackson	Hdac inhibitors
WO2009146871A1 *	Jun 1, 2009	Dec 10, 2009	William Paul Jackson	5-lipoxygenase inhibitors

Citing Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
CN104478769A *	Dec 22, 2014	Apr 1, 2015	深圳万乐药业有限公司	Belinostatsynthesis method suitable for industrial production
CN104478769B *	Dec 22, 2014	Jan 6, 2016	深圳万乐药业有限公司	一种适合工业化生产的贝利司他合成方法
CN104610100A *	Jan 9, 2015	May 13, 2015	华东理工大学	Nitrogen-chlorine type chlorination agent

US2008274120	11-7-2008	Histone Deacetylase (Hdac) Inhibitors (Pxd101) for the Treatment of Cancer Alone or in Combination With Chemotherapeutic Agent
US2008227845	9-19-2008	CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITOR/HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR COMBINATION
US2008213399	9-5-2008	Combination Therapies Using Hdac Inhibitors
US2008194690	8-15-2008	Pharmaceutical Formulations Of Hdac Inhibitors
US7407988	8-6-2008	Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as HDAC inhibitors
US7402603	7-23-2008	Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor/histone deacetylase inhibitor combination
US7183298	2-28-2007	Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as HDAC inhibitors
US2005107445	5-20-2005	Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as HDAC inhibitors
US6888027	5-4-2005	Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as hdac inhibitors

WO2002030879A2

Sep 27, 2001

Apr 18, 2002

Prolifix Ltd

Carbamic acid compounds comprising asulfonamide linkage as hdac inhibitors

US7973181	7-6-2011	HYDROXAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF HDAC ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
US7928081	4-20-2011	Combined Use of Prame Inhibitors and Hdac Inhibitors
US2011077305	3-32-2011	5-LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITORS
US2011003777	1-7-2011	Methods of Treatment Employing Prolonged Continuous Infusion of Belinostat
US2010286279	11-12-2010	Methods of Synthesis of Certain Hydroxamic Acid Compounds
US2010190694	7-30-2010	Methods for identifying patients who will respond well to cancer treatment
US2010010010	1-15-2010	HDAC INHIBITORS
US2009312311	12-18-2009	COMBINATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
US2009192211	7-31-2009	CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITOR/HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR COMBINATION
US7557140	7-8-2009	CARBAMIC ACID COMPOUNDS COMPRISING A SULFONAMIDE LINKAGE AS HDAC INHIBITORS

WO1998038859A1 *	Mar 4, 1998	Sep 11, 1998	Thomas E Barta	Sulfonyl divalent aryl or heteroaryl hydroxamic acid compounds
WO1999024399A1 *	Nov 12, 1998	May 20, 1999	Darwin Discovery Ltd	Hydroxamic and carboxylic acid derivatives having mmp and tnf inhibitory activity
WO2000056704A1 *	Mar 22, 2000	Sep 28, 2000	Duncan Batty	Hydroxamic and carboxylic acid derivatives
WO2000069819A1 *	May 12, 2000	Nov 23, 2000	Thomas E Barta	Hydroxamic acid derivatives as matrix metalloprotease inhibitors
WO2001038322A1 *	Nov 22, 2000	May 31, 2001	Methylgene Inc	Inhibitors of histone deacetylase
EP0570594A1 *	Dec 7, 1992	Nov 24, 1993	SHIONOGI & CO., LTD.	Hydroxamic acid derivative based on aromatic sulfonamide
EP0931788A2 *	Dec 16, 1998	Jul 28, 1999	Pfizer Inc.	Metalloprotease inhibitors
GB2312674A *	Title not available

WO2002030879A2	Sep 27, 2001	Apr 18, 2002	Prolifix Ltd	Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as hdac inhibitors
WO2005063806A1	Dec 30, 2003	Jul 14, 2005	Council Scient Ind Res	Arginine hydrochloride enhances chaperone-like activity of alpha crystallin
US4642316	May 20, 1985	Feb 10, 1987	Warner-Lambert Company	Parenteral phenytoin preparations

WO2008090585A2 *	Jan 25, 2008	Jul 31, 2008	Univ Roma	Soluble forms of inclusion complexes of histone deacetylase inhibitors and cyclodextrins, their preparation processes and uses in the pharmaceutical field
WO2009109861A1 *	Mar 6, 2009	Sep 11, 2009	Topotarget A/S	Methods of treatment employing prolonged continuous infusion of belinostat
WO2010048332A2 *	Oct 21, 2009	Apr 29, 2010	Acucela, Inc.	Compounds for treating ophthalmic diseases and disorders
WO2011064663A1	Nov 24, 2010	Jun 3, 2011	Festuccia, Claudio	Combination treatment employing belinostat and bicalutamide
US20110003777 *	Mar 6, 2009	Jan 6, 2011	Topotarget A/S	Methods of Treatment Employing Prolonged Continuous Infusion of Belinostat

CN102786448A *	9 avg 2012	21 nov 2012	深圳万乐药业有限公司	Method of synthesizing belinostat
CN102786448B	9 avg 2012	12 mar 2014	深圳万乐药业有限公司	Method of synthesizing belinostat

CLIP

Belinostat
Systematic (IUPAC) name

(2E)-N-Hydroxy-3-[3-(phenylsulfamoyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide
Clinical data
Trade names	Beleodaq
AHFS/Drugs.com	beleodaq
Pregnancy category	US: D (Evidence of risk)
Routes of administration	Intravenous (IV)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100% (IV)
Protein binding	92.9–95.8%^[1]
Metabolism	UGT1A1
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
CAS Number	866323-14-0
ATC code	L01XX49 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 6918638
ChemSpider	5293831
UNII	F4H96P17NZ
ChEBI	CHEBI:61076
ChEMBL	CHEMBL408513
Synonyms	PXD101
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₅H₁₄N₂O₄S
Molar mass	318.348 g/mol

////////////Belinostat, PXD101, novel HDAC inhibitor, Beleodaq, Folotyn, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Henderson, Nevada, Istodax, Celgene Corporation, Summit, New Jersey, CuraGen Pharma, FDA 2014

Supporting Info

O=S(=O)(Nc1ccccc1)c2cc(\C=C\C(=O)NO)ccc2

SEE COMPILATION ON SIMILAR COMPOUNDS AT …………..http://drugsynthesisint.blogspot.in/p/nostat-series.html

Eliglustat tartrate (Cerdelga) エリグルスタット酒石酸塩依利格鲁司特エリグルスタット,サーデルガ

July 19, 2016 2:51 pm / Leave a comment

Eliglustat tartrate (Cerdelga) エリグルスタット酒石酸塩

依利格鲁司特

エリグルスタット,サーデルガ

FOR TREATMENT OF GAUCHERS DISEASE

ELIGLUSTAT; Cerdelga; Genz 99067; Genz-99067; UNII-DR40J4WA67; GENZ-112638;

CAS 491833-29-5 FREE FORM

Molecular Formula:	C₂₃H₃₆N₂O₄
Molecular Weight:	404.54294 g/mol

N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide

N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide;(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
Mechanism of Action: glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor
Indication: Type I Gaucher Disease
Date of Approval: August 19, 2014 (US)

US patent number:US6916802 , US7196205 , US7615573
Patent Expiration Date: Apr 29, 2022 (US6916802, US7196205, US7615573)
Exclusivity Expiration Date:Aug 19, 2019(NCE), Aug 19, 2021 (ODE)
Originator:University of Michigan
Developer: Genzyme, a unit of Sanofi

Eliglustat, marketed by Genzyme as CERDELGA, is a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor indicated for the long-term treatment of type 1 Gaucher disease. Patients selected for treatment with Eliglustat undergo an FDA approved genotype test to establish if they are CYP2D6 EM (extensive metabolizers), IM (intermediate metabolizers), or PM (poor metabolizers), as the results of this test dictate the dosage of Eliglustat recommended. Eliglustat was approved for use by the FDA in August 2014.

Eliglustat (INN, USAN;^[1] trade name Cerdelga) is a treatment for Gaucher’s disease developed by Genzyme Corp that was approved by the FDA August 2014.^[2] Commonly used as the tartrate salt, the compound is believed to work by inhibition ofglucosylceramide synthase.^[3]^[4] According to an article in Journal of the American Medical Association the oral substrate reduction therapy resulted in “significant improvements in spleen volume, hemoglobin level, liver volume, and platelet count” in untreated adults with Gaucher disease Type 1.^[5]

Cerdelga, capsule, 84 mg/1, oralGenzyme Corporation, 2014-09-03,

ELIGLUSTAT

ChemSpider 2D Image | Eliglustat tartrate | C50H78N4O14

Eliglustat tartrate

Molecular FormulaC₅₀H₇₈N₄O₁₄
Average mass959.173 Da
UNII-N0493335P3
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (2R,3R)-, compd. with N-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)ethyl]octanamide (1:2)
eliglustat hemitartrate
eliglustat L-tartrate

CAS 928659-70-5

CERDELGA (eliglustat) capsules contain eliglustat tartrate, which is a small molecule inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase that resembles the ceramide substrate for the enzyme, with the chemical name N-((1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1- hydroxy-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl)octanamide (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate. Its molecular weight is 479.59, and the empirical formula is C₂₃H₃₆N₂O₄+½(C₄H₆O₆) with the following chemical structure:

CERDELGA (eliglustat) Structural Formula Illustration

Each capsule of CERDELGA for oral use contains 84 mg of eliglustat, equivalent to 100 mg of eliglustat tartrate (hemitartrate salt). The inactive ingredients are microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, hypromellose and glyceryl behenate, gelatin, candurin silver fine, yellow iron oxide, and FD&C blue 2.

Cost

In 2014, the annual cost of Cerdelga hard gelatin capsules taken orally twice a day was $310,250. Genzyme’s flagship Imiglucerase(brand name Cerezyme) cost about $300,000 for the infusions if taken twice a month.^[6] Manufacturing costs for Cerdelga are slightly lower than for Cerezyme. Genzyme’s maintains higher prices for orphan drugs—most often paid for by insurers— in order to remain financially sustainable.^[6]

Chemically Eliglustat is named N-[(1 R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1 ,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-hydroxy-1 -(1 -pyrrolidinylmethyl)ethyl]-Octanamide(2R_!3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate and the hemitartarate salt of eliglustat has the structural formula as shown in Formula I.

Formula I

Eliglustat hemitartrate (Genz-1 12638), currently under development by Genzyme, is a glucocerebroside (glucosylceramide) synthase inhibitor for the treatment of Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. Eliglustat hemitartrate is orally active with potent effects on the primary identified molecular target for type 1 Gaucher disease and other glycosphingolipidoses, appears likely to fulfill high expectations for clinical efficacy. Gaucher disease belongs to the class of lysosomal diseases known as glycosphingolipidoses, which result directly or indirectly from the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, many hundreds of which are derived from glucocerebroside. The first step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis is the formation of glucocerebroside, the primary storage molecule in Gaucher disease, via glucocerebroside synthase (uridine diphosphate [UDP] – glucosylceramide glucosyl transferase). Eliglustat hemitartrate is based on improved inhibitors of glucocerebroside synthase, and is currently under development by Genzyme.

U.S. patent No. 7,196,205 discloses a process for the preparation of Eliglustat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

U.S. patent No. 6855830, 7265228, 7615573, 7763738, 8138353, U.S. patent application publication No. 2012/296088 discloses process for preparation of Eliglustat and intermediates thereof.

U.S. patent application publication No. 2013/137743 discloses (i) a hemitartrate salt of Eliglustat, (ii) a hemitartrate salt of Eliglustat, wherein at least 70% by weight of the salt is crystalline, (iii) a hemitartrate salt of Eliglustat, wherein at least 99% by weight of the salt is in a single crystalline form.

It has been disclosed earlier that the amorphous forms in a number of drugs exhibit different dissolution characteristics and in some cases different bioavailablity patterns compared to crystalline forms [Konne T., Chem pharm Bull., 38, 2003(1990)]. For some therapeutic indications one bioavailabihty pattern may be favoured over another. An amorphous form of Cefuroxime axetil is a good example for exhibiting higher bioavailability than the crystalline form.

CLIP

Eliglustat tartrate, developed and marketed by Genzyme Corporation (a subsidiary of Sanofi), was approved by the US FDA in August 2014 for the treatment of nonneuropathic (type 1) Gaucher disease (GD1) in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced adult patients.98

It is the first oral treatment to be approved for first-line use in patients with Gaucher disease type 1, which is a rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by accumulation of lipid glucosylceramide (GL-1) due to insufficient production of the enzyme glucosylceramidase.99,100

Clinical complications include hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and bone involvement.101 Eliglustat is a specific inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase with an IC50 of 10 ng/mL and acts as substrate reduction therapy for GD1;102 it has demonstrated non-inferiority to enzyme replacement therapy, which is the current standard of care, in Phase III trials.99

While the process-scale route has not yet been disclosed,103 the largest scale route to eliglustat tartrate reported to date is described in Scheme 15.104

Condensation of commercially available S-(+)-2-phenyl glycinol (87) with phenyl bromoacetate (88) in acetonitrile in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) provided morpholin-2-one 89 upon treatment with HCl.Neutralization with NaHCO3 followed by coupling with aldehyde 90 in refluxing EtOAc/toluene yielded oxazine adduct 91, which was isolated as a precipitate from methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

The stereochemistry of the three new stereocenters in 91 can be rationalized through the cycloaddition of an ylide intermediate in the sterically-preferred S-configuration (generated by the reaction of the morpholinone 89 with aldehyde 90) with a second equivalent of the aldehyde. With the morpholinone in a chair conformation in which the phenyl group is equatorial, endo axial approach of the dipolarophile to the less-hindered face of the ylide and subsequent ring flip of the morpholinone ring to a boat conformation positions all exocyclic aryl substituents in a pseudoequatorial configuration. 105

Opening of oxazine 91 with pyrrolidine in refluxing THF followed by addition of HCl in refluxing MeOH gave amide 92, which was reduced to amine 93 using LiAlH4 in refluxing THF.

Subsequent hydrogenation with Pd(OH)2 in EtOH cleaved the phenylethanol group to give the free amine, which was converted to dioxalate salt 94 by treatment with oxalic acid in methyl isobutylketone (MIBK). Subjection of aminoethanol 94 to aqueous sodium hydroxide followed by coupling with palmitic acid Nhydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester (95) gave eliglustat as the corresponding freebase (96) in 9.5% overall yield from 87.

Salt formation with L-tartaric acid (0.5 equiv) then provided eliglustat tartrate (XII).106

98. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm410585.htm.
99. Poole, R. M. Drugs 2014, 74, 1829.
100. Kaplan, P. Res. Rep. Endocr. Disord. 2014, 4, 1.
101. Pastores, G. M.; Hughes, D. Clin. Invest. 2014, 4, 45.
102. Shayman, J. A. Drugs Future 2010, 35, 613.
103. Javed, I.; Dahanukar, V. H.; Oruganti, S.; Kandagatla, B. WO Patent2,015,059,679, 2015.
104. Hirth, B.; Siegel, C. WO Patent 2,003,008,399, 2003.
105. Anslow, A. S.; Harwood, L. M.; Phillips, H.; Watkin, D.; Wong, L. F. Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1991, 2, 1343.
106. Liu, H.; Willis, C.; Bhardwaj, R.; Copeland, D.; Harianawala, A.; Skell, J.;Marshall, J.; Kochling, J.; Palace, G.; Peterschmitt, J.; Siegel, C.; Cheng, S. WO Patent 2,011,066,352, 2011.

CLIP

TAKEN FROM

http://www.xinbiaopin.com/a/zuixindongtai/huaxuepinshuju/2015/0310/2383.html

Nmr predict

N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide NMR spectra analysis, Chemical CAS NO. 491833-29-5 NMR spectral analysis, N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide H-NMR spectrum

13 C NMR

CAS NO. 491833-29-5, N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide

C-NMR spectral analysis

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013059119A1?cl=en

http://www.google.com/patents/US7196205

Compound 7

(1R,2R)-Nonanoic acid[2-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-ethyl]-amide

This compound was prepared by the method described for Compound 6 using Nonanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. Analytical HPLC showed this material to be 98.4% pure. mp 74–75° C.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 6.86–6.76 (m, 3H), 5.83 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (s, 4H), 4.24–4.18 (m, 1H), 2.85–2.75 (m, 2H), 2.69–2.62 (m, 4H), 2.10 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.55–1.45 (m, 2H), 1.70–1.85 (m, 4H), 1.30–1.15 (m, 10H), 0.87 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Intermediate 4(1R,2R)-2-Amino-1-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol

Intermediate 3 (5.3 g, 13.3 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (60 mL). Water (6 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2.05 m/L, 26.6 mmol, 2 equivalents) were added. After being placed under nitrogen, 20% Palladium hydroxide on carbon (Pearlman’s catalysis, Lancaster or Aldrich, 5.3 g) was added. The mixture was placed in a Parr Pressure Reactor Apparatus with glass insert. The apparatus was placed under nitrogen and then under hydrogen pressure 110–120 psi. The mixture was stirred for 2–3 days at room temperature under hydrogen pressure 100–120 psi. The reaction was placed under nitrogen and filtered through a pad of celite. The celite pad was washed with methanol (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The methanol was removed by rotoevaporation. The aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate three times (100, 50, 50 mL). A 10 M NaOH solution (10 mL) was added to the aqueous layer (pH=12–14). The product was extracted from the aqueous layer three times with methylene chloride (100, 100, 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with Na₂SO₄, filtered and rotoevaporated to a colorless oil. The foamy oil was vacuum dried for 2 h. Intermediate 4 was obtained in 90% yield (3.34 g).

Intermediate 3(1R,2R,1″S)-1-(2′,3′-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-2-(2″-hydroxy -1′-phenyl-ethylamino)-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol

To a 3-neck flask equipped with a dropping funnel and condenser was added LiAlH₄(Aldrich, 1.2 g, 31.7 mmol, 2.5 equivalents) and anhydrous THF (20 mL) under nitrogen. A solution of Intermediate 2 (5.23 g, 12.68 mmol) in anhydrous THF (75 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction over 15–30 minutes. The reaction was refluxed under nitrogen for 9 hours. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and a 1M NaOH solution was carefully added dropwise. After stirring at room temperature for 15 minutes, water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (75 mL) was added. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (75 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (25 mL). After drying with Na₂SO₄the solution was filtered and rotoevaporated to yield a colorless to yellow foamy oil. Intermediate 3 was obtained in 99% yield (5.3 g).

PATENT

WO 2016001885

EXAMPLES

Example 1 : Preparation of amorphous form of eliglustat hemitartarate.

500mg of eliglustat hemitartarate was dissolved in 14 mL of dichloromethane at 26°C and stirred for 15 min. The solution is filtered to remove the undissolved particles and the filtrate is distilled under reduced pressure at 45°C. After distillation the solid was dried under vacuum at 45°C.

PATENT

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2012), 55(9), 4322-4335

OLD CLIPS

Genzyme Announces Positive New Data from Two Phase 3 Studies for Oral Eliglustat Tartrate for Gaucher Disease

Eliglustat tartrate (USAN)

CAS:928659-70-5

February 15, 2013

Genzyme , a Sanofi company (EURONEXT: SAN and NYSE: SNY), today announced positive new data from the Phase 3 ENGAGE and ENCORE studies of eliglustat tartrate, its investigational oral therapy for Gaucher disease type 1. The results from the ENGAGE study were presented today at the 9th Annual Lysosomal Disease Network WORLD Symposium in Orlando, Fla. In conjunction with this meeting, Genzyme also released topline data from its second Phase 3 study, ENCORE. Both studies met their primary efficacy endpoints and together will form the basis of Genzyme’s registration package for eliglustat tartrateThe data presented at this year’s WORLD symposium reinforce our confidence that eliglustat tartrate may become an important oral option for patients with Gaucher disease”The company is developing eliglustat tartrate, a capsule taken orally, to provide a convenient treatment alternative for patients with Gaucher disease type 1 and to provide a broader range of treatment options for patients and physicians. Genzyme’s clinical development program for eliglustat tartrate represents the largest clinical program ever focused on Gaucher disease type 1 with approximately 400 patients treated in 30 countries.“The data presented at this year’s WORLD symposium reinforce our confidence that eliglustat tartrate may become an important oral option for patients with Gaucher disease,” said Genzyme’s Head of Rare Diseases, Rogerio Vivaldi MD. “We are excited about this therapy’s potential and are making excellent progress in our robust development plan for bringing eliglustat tartrate to the market.”ENGAGE Study Results:In ENGAGE, a Phase 3 trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eliglustat tartrate in 40 treatment-naïve patients with Gaucher disease type 1, improvements were observed across all primary and secondary efficacy endpoints over the 9-month study period. Results were reported today at the WORLD Symposium by Pramod Mistry, MD, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Pediatrics & Internal Medicine at Yale University School of Medicine, and an investigator in the trial.The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study had a primary efficacy endpoint of improvement in spleen size in patients treated with eliglustat tartrate. Patients were stratified at baseline by spleen volume. In the study, a statistically significant improvement in spleen size was observed at nine months in patients treated with eliglustat tartrate compared with placebo. Spleen volume in patients treated with eliglustat tartrate decreased from baseline by a mean of 28 percent compared with a mean increase of two percent in placebo patients, for an absolute difference of 30 percent (p<0.0001).

http://www.wikigenes.org/e/ref/e/20439622.html

Eliglustat tartate (Genz-112638)

What is Eliglustat?

Eliglustat is a new investigational phase 3 compound from Genzyme Corporation that is being studied for type 1 Gaucher Disease.
Eliglustat works as a substrate reduction therapy by reducing glucocerebroside. formation.
This product is an oral agent (i.e. a pill) that is taken once or twice a day in contrast to an IV infusion for enzyme replacement therapy. Enzyme replacement therapy focuses on replenishing the enzyme that is deficient in Gaucher Disease and breaks down glucocerebroside that accumulates.
The clinical trials for eliglustat tartate are sponsored by Genzyme Corporation.

Eliglustat tartrate (Genz-1 12638) is a glucocerebroside (glucosylceramide) synthase inhibitor for the treatment of gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders, which is currently under development.

Eliglustat is chemically known as 1 R, 2R-Octanoic acid [2-(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-2-hydroxy-1 -pyrrolidin-1 -ylmethyl]-ethyl]-amide, having a structural formula I depicted here under.

Formula I

Eliglustat hemitartrate (Genz-1 12638) development by Genzyme, is a glucocerebroside (glucosylceramide) synthase inhibitor for the treatment of Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. Eliglustat hemitartrate is orally active with potent effects on the primary identified molecular target for type 1 Gaucher disease and other glycosphingolipidoses, appears likely to fulfill high expectations for clinical efficacy.

Gaucher disease belongs to the class of lysosomal diseases known as glycosphingolipidoses, which result directly or indirectly from the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, many hundreds of which are derived from glucocerebroside. The first step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis is the formation of glucocerebroside, the primary storage molecule in Gaucher disease, via glucocerebroside synthase (uridine diphosphate [UDP] – glucosylceramide glucosyl transferase). Eliglustat hemitartrate is based on improved inhibitors of glucocerebroside synthase.

U.S. patent No. 7,196,205 (herein described as US’205) discloses a process for the preparation of eliglustat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In this patent, eliglustat was synthesized via a seven-step process involving steps in that sequence:

(i) coupling S-(+)-2-phenyl glycinol with phenyl bromoacetate followed by column chromatography for purification of the resulting intermediate,

(ii) reacting the resulting (5S)-5-phenylmorpholin-2-one with 1 , 4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde to obtain a lactone,

(iii) opening the lactone of the oxazolo-oxazinone cyclo adduct via reaction with pyrrolidine,

(iv) hydrolyzing the oxazolidine ring, (v) reducing the amide to amine to obtain sphingosine like compound, (vi) reacting the resulting amine with octanoic acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide to obtain crude eliglustat, (vii) purifying the crude eliglustat by repeated isolation for four times from a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-heptane.

U.S. patent No. 6855830, 7265228, 7615573, 7763738, 8138353, U.S. patent application publication No. 2012/296088 disclose processes for preparation of eliglustat and intermediates thereof.

U.S. patent application publication No. 2013/137743 discloses (i) a hemitartrate salt of eliglustat, (ii) a hemitartrate salt of eliglustat, wherein at least 70% by weight of the salt is crystalline, (iii) a hemitartrate salt of Eliglustat, wherein at least 99% by weight of the salt is in a single crystalline form.

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=234E6BE008E68831F6875FB703760826.wapp2nA?docId=WO2015059679&recNum=1&office=&queryString=FP%3A%28dr.+reddy%27s%29&prevFilter=%26fq%3DCTR%3AWO&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&maxRec=364

WO 2015059679

	Process for the preparation of eliglustat free base – comprising the reaction of S-(+)-phenyl glycinol with phenyl-alpha-bromoacetate to obtain 5-phenylmorpholin-2-one, which is further converted to eliglustat.

	Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd
	New crystalline eliglustat free base Form R1 and a process for its preparation are claimed. Also claimed is a process for the preparation of eliglustat free base which comprises the reaction of S-(+)-phenyl glycinol with phenyl-alpha-bromoacetate to obtain 5-phenylmorpholin-2-one, which is further converted to eliglustat.Further eliglustat oxalate, its crystalline form, and a process for the preparation of crystalline eliglustat oxalate, are claimed.

Formula I

(i) coupling S-(+)-2-phenyl glycinol with phenyl bromoacetate followed by column chromatography for purification of the resulting intermediate,

(ii) reacting the resulting (5S)-5-phenylmorpholin-2-one with 1 , 4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde to obtain a lactone,

(iii) opening the lactone of the oxazolo-oxazinone cyclo adduct via reaction with pyrrolidine,

U.S. patent No. 6855830, 7265228, 7615573, 7763738, 8138353, U.S. patent application publication No. 2012/296088 disclose processes for preparation of eliglustat and intermediates thereof.

Example 1 : Preparation of 5-phenyl morpholine-2-one hydrochloride

To a (S) + phenyl glycinol (100g) add N, N-diisopropylethylamine (314ml) and acetonitrile (2000ml) under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. It was cooled to 10- 15° C. Phenyl bromoacetate (172.4g) dissolved in acetonitrile (500ml) was added to the above solution at 15° C over a period of 30 min. The reaction mixture is allowed to room temperature and stirred for 16-20h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath

temperature less than 25^° C to get a residue. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (1000ml) and stirred for 1 h at 15-20°C to obtain a white solid. The solid material obtained was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate (200ml). The filtrate was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (20g) and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature less than 25° C to give crude compound (1000g) as brown syrup. The Crude brown syrup is converted to HCI salt by using HCI in ethyl acetate to afford 5-phenyl morpholine-2-one hydrochloride (44g) as a white solid. Yield: 50%, Mass: m/z = 177.6; HPLC (% Area Method): 90.5%

Example 2: Preparation of (1 R,3S,5S,8aS)-1 ,3-Bis-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo[1 ,4] dioxin-6′-yl)-5-phenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[4,3-c][1 ,4]oxazin-8-one.

5-phenyl morpholine-2-one hydrochloride (100g) obtained from above stage 1 is dissolved in toluene (2500ml) under nitrogen atmosphere at 25-30^°C. 1 ,4-benzodioxane-6-carboxaldehyde (185.3g) and sodium sulphate (400g) was added to the above solution and the reaction mixture was heated at 100-105^°C for 72h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature less than 25^° C to get a residue. The residue was cooled to 10°C, ethyl acetate (2700ml) and 50% sodium bisulphate solution (1351 ml) was added to the residue and stirred for 1 h at 10^°C to obtain a white solid. The obtained white solid was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The separated ethyl acetate layer was washed with water (1000ml), brine (1000ml) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 45-50°C to get a crude material. The obtained crude material is triturated with diethyl ether (1500ml) to get a solid material which is filtered and dried under vacuum at room temperature for 2-3h to afford (1 R,3S,5S,8aS)-1 ,3-Bis-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-5-phenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[4,3-c][1 ,4]oxazin-8-one (148g) as a yellow solid. Yield: 54%, Mass: m/z = 487.7; HPLC (% Area Method): 95.4 %

Example 3: Preparation of (2S,3R,1 “S)-3-(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(2″-hydroxy-1 ”^henyl-ethy^

(1 R,3S,5S,8aS)-1 _!3-Bis-(2′_!3′-dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-5-phenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[4,3-c][1 ,4]oxazin-8-one (70g) obtained from above stage 2 was dissolved in chloroform (1400ml) at room temperature. It was cooled to 0-5°C and pyrrolidone (59.5ml) was added at 0-5°C over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to room temperature and stirred for 16-18h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 40-45°C to obtain a crude. The obtained crude was dissolved in methanol (1190ml) and 1 N HCI (1 190ml) at 10-15° C, stirred for 10 minutes and heated at 80-85°C for 7h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, methanol was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 50-55°C.The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was washed with 1 N HCI (50ml). The aqueous layer was basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution up to p^H 8-9 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x70ml). The combined organic layers was washed with brine (100ml), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 50-55^°C to afford (2S,3R,1″S)-3-(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(2″-hydroxy-1 “-phenyl-ethylamino)-1 -pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -one (53g) as a yellow foamy solid. Yield: 90%, Mass: m/z = 412.7, HPLC (% Area Method): 85.1 %

Example 4: Preparation of (1 R,2R,1 “S)-1-(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)2-hydroxy-2-(2”-hydroxy-1 ‘-phenyl-ethylamino)-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol.

(2S,3R,1 “S)-3-(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6’-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(2”-hydroxy-1 “-phenyl-ethylamino)-1 -pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -one (2.5g) obtained from above stage 3 dissolved in Tetrahydrofuran (106ml) was added to a solution of Lithium aluminium hydride (12.2g) in tetrahydrofuran (795ml) at 0°C and the reaction mixture was heated at 60-65°C for 10h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 5- 10°C and quenched in saturated sodium sulphate solution (100ml) at 5-10°C. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mass and stirred for 30-45 min. The obtained solid is filtered through celite bed and washed with ethyl acetate. Filtrate was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 50^°C to afford (1 R,2R, 1″S)-1 -(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)2-hydroxy-2-(2″-hydroxy-1 ‘-phenyl-ethylamino)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol (43.51 g) as a yellow gummy liquid. The crude is used for the next step without further purification. Yield: 85%, Mass: m/z = 398.7, HPLC (% Area Method): 77 %

Example 5: Preparation of (1 R, 2R)-2-Amino-1-(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol.

(1 R,2R,1 “S)-1 -(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6’-yl)2-hydroxy-2-(2”-hydroxy-1 ‘-phenyl-ethylamino)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol (40g) obtained from above stage 4 was dissolved in methanol (400ml) at room temperature in a 2L hydrogenation flask. Trifluoroacetic acid (15.5ml) and 20% Pd (OH) ₂(40g) was added to the above solution under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was hydrogenated under H₂, 10Opsi for 16-18h at room temperature. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered through celite bed and washed with methanol (44ml) and water (44ml). Methanol was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 50-55°C and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was basified with 10M NaOH till the P^H reaches 12-14 and then extracted with dichloromethane (2x125ml). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (3gm) and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 45°C to obtain a gummy liquid. The gummy liquid was triturated with methyl tertiary butyl ether for 1 h to get a white solid, which is filtered and dried under vacuum at room temperature to afford (1 R, 2R)-2-Amino-1 -(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol (23g) as a white solid. Yield: 82.3%, Mass (m/zj: 278.8, HPLC (% Area Method): 99.5%, Chiral HPLC (% Area Method): 97.9%

Example 6: Preparation of Eliglustat {(1 R, 2R)-Octanoic acid[2-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-2-hydroxy-1 -pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-ethyl]-amide}.

(1 R, 2R)-2-Amino-1 -(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol (15g) obtained from above stage 5 was dissolved in dry dichloromethane (150ml) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 10-15^° C. Octanoic acid N-hydroxy succinimide ester (13.0 g)was added to the above reaction mass at 10-15^° C and stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16h-18h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 15°C and diluted with 2M NaOH solution (100 ml_) and stirred for 20 min at 20 °C. The organic layer was separated and washed with 2M sodium hydroxide (3x90ml).The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (30g) and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 45^°C to give the crude compound (20g).The crude is again dissolved in methyl tertiary butyl ether (25 ml_) and precipitated with Hexane (60ml). It is stirred for 10 min, filtered and dried under vacuum to afford Eliglustat as a white solid (16g). Yield: 74%, Mass (m/zj: 404.7 HPLC (% Area Method): 97.5 %, ELSD (% Area Method): 99.78%, Chiral HPLC (% Area Method): 99.78 %.

Example 7: Preparation of Eliglustat oxalate.

Eliglustat (5g) obtained from above stage 6 is dissolved in Ethyl acetate (5ml) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. Oxalic acid (2.22g) dissolved in ethyl acetate (5ml) was added to the above solution at room temperature and stirred for 14h. White solid observed in the reaction mixture was filtered and dried under vacuum at room temperature for 1 h to afford Eliglustat oxalate as a white solid (4g). Yield: 65.46%, Mass (m/zj: 404.8 [M+H] ^+> HPLC (% Area Method): 95.52 %, Chiral HPLC (% Area Method): 99.86 %

References

Eligustat (PDF), AMA By subscription only
FDA approves new drug to treat a form of Gaucher disease, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 19 August 2015, retrieved 18 July 2015
Lee, L.; Abe, A.; Shayman, J. A. (21 May 1999). “Improved Inhibitors of Glucosylceramide Synthase”. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274(21): 14662–14669. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.21.14662.
Shayman, JA (1 August 2010). “Eliglustat Tartrate: Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor Treatment of Type 1 Gaucher Disease.”. Drugs of the future 35 (8): 613–620. PMID 22563139.
Pramod K. Mistry, Elena Lukina, Hadhami Ben Turkia, Dominick Amato, Hagit Baris, Majed Dasouki, Marwan Ghosn, Atul Mehta, Seymour Packman, Gregory Pastores, Milan Petakov, Sarit Assouline, Manisha Balwani, Sumita Danda, Evgueniy Hadjiev, Andres Ortega, Suma Shankar, Maria Helena Solano, Leorah Ross, Jennifer Angell, M. Judith Peterschmitt (17 February 2015), “Effect of Oral Eliglustat on Splenomegaly in Patients With Gaucher Disease Type 1: The ENGAGE Randomized Clinical Trial”, Journal of the American Medical Association 313 (7): 695–706, doi:10.1001/jama.2015.459
Robert Weisman (2 September 2014), New Genzyme pill will cost patients $310,250 a year, The Boston Globe, retrieved 18 July 2015

FDA Orange Book Patents

FDA Orange Book Patents: 1 of 3
Patent	6916802
Expiration	Apr 29, 2022
Applicant	GENZYME CORP
Drug Application	N205494 (Prescription Drug: CERDELGA. Ingredients: ELIGLUSTAT TARTRATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 2 of 3
Patent	7196205
Expiration	Apr 29, 2022
Applicant	GENZYME CORP
Drug Application	N205494 (Prescription Drug: CERDELGA. Ingredients: ELIGLUSTAT TARTRATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA Orange Book Patents: 3 of 3
Patent	7615573
Expiration	Apr 29, 2022
Applicant	GENZYME CORP
Drug Application	N205494 (Prescription Drug: CERDELGA. Ingredients: ELIGLUSTAT TARTRATE)

Patent ID	Date	Patent Title
US8003617	2011-08-23	Methods of Treating Diabetes Mellitus
US2010298317	2010-11-25	METHOD OF TREATING POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES WITH CERAMIDE DERIVATIVES
US7763738	2010-07-27	SYNTHESIS OF UDP-GLUCOSE: N-ACYLSPHINGOSINE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS
US7615573	2009-11-10	Synthesis of UDP-glucose: N-acylsphingosine glucosyltransferase inhibitors
US2009105125	2009-04-23	Methods of Treating Fatty Liver Disease
US7265228	2007-09-04	Synthesis of UDP-glucose: N-acylsphingosine glucosyltransferase inhibitors
US7196205	2007-03-27	Synthesis of UDP-glucose: N-acylsphingosine glucosyltransferase inhibitors
US6855830	2005-02-15	Synthesis of UDP-glucose: N-acylsphingosine glucosyltransferase inhibitors

Patent ID	Date	Patent Title
US2016068519	2016-03-10	INHIBITORS OF THE ENZYME UDP-GLUCOSE: N-ACYL-SPHINGOSINE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE
US2015148534	2015-05-28	SYNTHESIS OF UDP-GLUCOSE: N-ACYLSPHINGOSINE GLUCOSYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS
US2015051261	2015-02-19	Methods of Treating Fatty Liver Disease
US8779163	2014-07-15	Synthesis of UDP-Glucose: N-acylsphingosine glucosyl transferase inhibitors
US2013137743	2013-05-30	AMORPHOUS AND A CRYSTALLINE FORM OF GENZ 112638 HEMITARTRATE AS INHIBITOR OF GLUCOSYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE
US2013095089	2013-04-18	GLUCOSYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS AND THERAPEUTIC METHODS USING THE SAME
US2012322786	2012-12-20	2-ACYLAMINOPROPOANOL-TYPE GLUCOSYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS
US8138353	2012-03-20	SYNTHESIS OF UDP-GLUCOSE: N-ACYLSPHINGOSINE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS
US2012022126	2012-01-26	Method Of Treating Diabetes Mellitus
US8003617	2011-08-23	Methods of Treating Diabetes Mellitus

Eliglustat
Systematic (IUPAC) name

N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-propanyl]octanamide
Clinical data
Trade names	Cerdelga
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Identifiers
CAS Number	491833-29-5
ATC code	A16AX10 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 23652731
ChemSpider	28475348
ChEBI	CHEBI:82752
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₃H₃₆N₂O₄
Molar mass	404.543 g/mol

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US6916802	No	2002-04-29	2022-04-29
US7196205	No	2002-04-29	2022-04-29
US7615573	No	2002-04-29	2022-04-29

///////////491833-29-5, 928659-70-5, eliglustat hemitartrate, eliglustat L-tartrate, ELIGLUSTAT, Cerdelga, Genz 99067, Genz-99067, UNII-DR40J4WA67, GENZ-112638, エリグルスタット酒石酸塩 , FDA 2014, GAUCHERS DISEASE, 依利格鲁司特, エリグルスタット,サーデルガ

CCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H](CN1CCCC1)[C@@H](C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCCO3)O

Ombitasvir

September 14, 2015 4:19 am / Leave a comment

Ombitasvir; ABT-267; ABT 267; UNII-2302768XJ8; 1258226-87-7;

C₅₀H₆₇N₇O₈
Molecular Weight:	894.10908 g/mol

Anti-Viral Compounds [US2010317568]

Dimethyl (2S,2′S)-1,1′-((2S,2′S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl))bis(3-methyl-1-oxobutane-2,1-diyl)dicarbamate

methyl N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[4-[(2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-[4-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]phenyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]phenyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate

1258226-87-7 [RN]

2:9 hydrate cas= 1456607-70-7…… is the drug substance

ABT-267

Abbvie Inc. innovator

ombitasvir is Dimethyl ([(2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl) pyrrolidine-2,5diyl]bis{benzene-4,1-diylcarbamoyl(2S)pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl[(2S)-3-methyl-1-oxobutane-1,2diyl]})biscarbamate hydrate. The molecular formula is C₅₀H₆₇N7O₈•4.5H₂O (hydrate) and the molecular weight for the drug substance is 975.20 (hydrate).

Ombitasvir - Structural Formula Illustration

Ombitasvir is an antiviral drug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In the United States, it is approved by theFood and Drug Administration for use in combination with paritaprevir, ritonavir and dasabuvir in the product Viekira Pak for the treatment of HCV genotype 1,^[1]^[2] and with paritaprevir and ritonavir in the product Technivie for the treatment of HCV genotype 4.^[3]^[4]

Ombitasvir is in phase II clinical development at AbbVie for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in combination with ABT-450/ritonavir and, in combination with peginterferon alpha-2a/ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV) in treatment naïve Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infected patients.

Ombitasvir is part of a fixed-dose formulation with ABT-450/ritonavir that is approved in the U.S. and the E.U.
Ombitasvir acts by inhibiting the HCV protein NS5A.^[5]

In 2013, breakthrough therapy designation was assigned in the U.S. for the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C in combination with ABT-450, ritonavir and ABT-333, with and without ribavirin.

DeGoey, DA, Discovery of ABT-267, a Pan-genotypic Inhibitor of HCV NS5A, J. Med. Chem., 2014, 57 (5), pp 2047-2057

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jm401398x

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm401398x/suppl_file/jm401398x_si_001.pdf

We describe here N-phenylpyrrolidine-based inhibitors of HCV NS5A with excellent potency, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetics. Compounds with 2S,5S stereochemistry at the pyrrolidine ring provided improved genotype 1 (GT1) potency compared to the 2R,5Ranalogues. Furthermore, the attachment of substituents at the 4-position of the central N-phenyl group resulted in compounds with improved potency. Substitution with tert-butyl, as in compound 38 (ABT-267), provided compounds with low-picomolar EC₅₀ values and superior pharmacokinetics. It was discovered that compound 38 was a pan-genotypic HCV inhibitor, with an EC₅₀ range of 1.7–19.3 pM against GT1a, -1b, -2a, -2b, -3a, -4a, and -5a and 366 pM against GT6a. Compound 38 decreased HCV RNA up to 3.10 log₁₀ IU/mL during 3-day monotherapy in treatment-naive HCV GT1-infected subjects and is currently in phase 3 clinical trials in combination with an NS3 protease inhibitor with ritonavir (r) (ABT-450/r) and an NS5B non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (ABT-333), with and without ribavirin.

Dimethyl (2S,2′S)-1,1′-((2S,2′S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl))bis(3-methyl-1-oxobutane-2,1-diyl)dicarbamate (38)…desired

and

Dimethyl (2S,2′S)-1,1′-((2S,2′S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl))bis(3-methyl-1-oxobutane-2,1-diyl)dicarbamate (39)…….undesired

…………….. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, brine (2×) and dried with Na₂SO₄. The drying agent was filtered off and the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give a crude product that was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a solvent gradient of 2–8% methanol in dichloromethane to give a 1:1 mixture of trans-pyrrolidine isomers (290 mg, 96%). The mixture was separated on a Chiralpak AD-H column, eluting with a mixture of 1 part (2:1 isopropanol/ethanol) and 2 parts hexanes (0.1% TFA).

Compound 38 was the first of two stereoisomers to elute (101 mg, 99% ee by chiral HPLC). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 0.88 (d, J = 6.61 Hz, 6H), 0.93 (d, J = 6.72 Hz, 6H), 1.11 (s, 9H), 1.63 (d, J = 5.42 Hz, 2H), 1.80–2.04 (m, 8H), 2.09–2.19 (m, 2H), 2.44–2.47 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 6H), 3.59–3.66 (m, 2H), 3.77–3.84 (m, 2H), 4.02 (t, J = 8.40 Hz, 2H), 4.42 (dd, J = 7.86, 4.83 Hz, 2H), 5.14 (d, J = 6.18 Hz, 2H), 6.17 (d, J = 8.67 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.78 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.46 Hz, 4H), 7.31 (d, J= 8.35 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.35 Hz, 4H), 9.98 (s, 2H).

MS (ESI) m/z 894.9 (M + H)⁺.

Compound39 was the second of two stereoisomers to elute. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 0.87 (d, J = 6.51 Hz, 6H), 0.92 (d, J = 6.72 Hz, 6H), 1.11 (s, 9H), 1.63 (d, J = 5.53 Hz, 2H), 1.82–2.04 (m, 8H), 2.09–2.18 (m, 2H), 2.41–2.47 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 6H), 3.58–3.67 (m, 2H), 3.75–3.84 (m, 2H), 4.02 (t, J = 7.26 Hz, 2H), 4.43 (dd, J = 7.92, 4.88 Hz, 2H), 5.14 (d, J = 6.18 Hz, 2H), 6.17 (d, J = 8.78 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.67 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.46 Hz, 4H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.35 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J = 8.46 Hz, 4H), 9.98 (s, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 895.0 (M + H)⁺.

………..

PATENT

WO 2011156578

dimethyl (2S,2^,S)-l,l ‘-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4’-((2S,5S)-l-(4-fert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine- 2,5-diyl)bis(4, 1 -phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3- methyl- l-oxobutane-2,l-diyl)dicarbamate

hereinafter Compound IA),..http://www.google.com/patents/WO2011156578A1?cl=en

……………………………..

PATENT

US 20100317568

https://www.google.co.in/patents/US20100317568

Example 34

Dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 -oxobutane-2, 1 – diyl)dicarbamate and

Dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-ter/’-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5- diyl)bis(4, 1 -phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 – oxobutane-2, 1 -diyl)dicarbamate

Example 34A l-(4-fer?-butylphenyl)-2,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine The product from Example 1C (3.67 g, 7.51 mmol) and 4-tert-butylaniline (11.86 ml, 75 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred under nitrogen at 50 °C for 4 h. The resulting mixture was diluted into ethyl acetate, treated with IM HCl, stirred for 10 minutes and filtered to remove solids. The filtrate organic layer was washed twice with brine, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (5% to 30%) to give a solid. The solid was triturated in a minimal volume of 1 :9 ethyl acetate/hexane to give a light yellow solid as a mixture of trans and cis isomers (1.21 g, 36%).

Example 34B 4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)dianiline and 4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-fert- butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)dianiline To a solution of the product from Example 34A (1.1 g, 2.47 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) and

THF (20 ml) was added PtC>₂ (0.22 g, 0.97 mmol) in a 50 ml pressure bottle and stirred under 30 psi hydrogen at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was filtered through a nylon membrane and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (20% to 60%). The title compound eluted as the first of 2 stereoisomers (trans isomer, 0.51 g, 54%).

Example 34C

(2S,2’S)-tert-Butyl 2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-fer/’-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)dipyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate and (2S,2’S)-tert-Butyl 2,2′- (4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)dipyrrolidine-1-carboxylate To a mixture of the product from Example 34B (250 mg, 0.648 mmol), (S)-1-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (307 mg, 1.427 mmol) and HATU (542 mg, 1.427 mmol) in DMSO (10 ml) was added Hunig’s base (0.453 ml, 2.59 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was partitioned with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (10% to 50%) to give the title compound (500 mg, 99%).

Example 34D

(2S,2’S)-N,N’-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-ter/’-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))dipyrrolidine-2-carboxamide and (2S,2’S)-N,N’-(4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-tert- butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l-phenylene))dipyrrolidine-2-carboxamide To the product from Example 34C (498 mg, 0.638 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 ml) was added TFA (6 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between 3: 1 CHCl₃dsopropyl alcohol and saturated aq. NaHCO₃. The aqueous layer was extracted by 3: 1 CHCl₃:isopropyl alcohol again. The combined organic layers were dried over

filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (345 mg, 93%).

Example 34E Dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-fert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 -oxobutane-2, 1 – diyl)dicarbamate and

Dimethyl (2S,2’S)-1, r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-fert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5- diyl)bis(4, 1 -phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 – oxobutane-2, 1 -diyl)dicarbamate

The product from Example 34D (29.0 mg, 0.050 mmol), (S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3- methylbutanoic acid (19.27 mg, 0.110 mmol), EDAC (21.09 mg, 0.110 mmol), HOBT (16.85 mg,

0.110 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (0.027 ml, 0.250 mmol) were combined in DMF (2 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The mixture was partitioned with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine twice, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (50% to 80%) to give a solid. The solid was triturated with ethyl acetate/hexane to give the title compound (13 mg, 29%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ ppm 0.85 – 0.95 (m, 12 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.59 – 1.65 (m, 2 H) 1.79 – 2.04 (m, 8 H) 2.10 – 2.18 (m, 2 H) 2.41-2.46 (m, 2H) 3.52 (s, 6 H)

3.57 – 3.67 (m, 2 H) 3.76 – 3.86 (m, 2 H) 4.00 (t, J=7.56 Hz, 2 H) 4.39 – 4.46 (m, 2 H) 5.15 (d, J=7.00

Hz, 2 H) 6.17 (d, J=7.70 Hz, 2 H) 6.94 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 2 H) 7.13 (d, J=7.37 Hz, 4 H) 7.30 (d, J=8.20

Hz, 2 H) 7.50 (d, J=8.24 Hz, 4 H) 9.98 (s, 2 H); (ESI+) m/z 895 (M+H)+. The title compound showed an EC₅₀ value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.

Example 35

………………desired

The product from Example 34E was purified by chiral chromatography on a Chiralpak AD-H semi-prep column eluting with a 2:1 mixture of hexane:(2: l isopropyl alcohol: EtOH). The title compound was the first of the 2 diastereomers to elute. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ ppm 0.88 (d, J=6.61 Hz, 6 H) 0.93 (d, J=6.72 Hz, 6 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.63 (d, J=5.42 Hz, 2 H) 1.80 – 2.04 (m, 8 H) 2.09 – 2.19 (m, 2 H) 2.44 – 2.47 (m, 2 H) 3.52 (s, 6 H) 3.59 – 3.66 (m, 2 H) 3.77 – 3.84 (m, 2 H) 4.02 (t, J=8.40 Hz, 2 H) 4.42 (dd, J=7.86, 4.83 Hz, 2 H) 5.14 (d, J=6.18 Hz, 2 H) 6.17 (d, J=8.67 Hz, 2 H) 6.94 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 2 H) 7.13 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 4 H) 7.31 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 2 H) 7.50 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 4 H) 9.98 (s, 2 H). The title compound showed an EC₅₀ value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV Ib- Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.

Example 36 Dimethyl (2S,2’S)-1, r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2R,5R)-1-(4-fert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5- diyl)bis(4, 1 -phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 – oxobutane-2, 1 -diyl)dicarbamate

…….undesired

(d, J=6.51 Hz, 6 H) 0.92 (d, J=6.72 Hz, 6 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.63 (d, J=5.53 Hz, 2 H) 1.82 – 2.04 (m, 8

H) 2.09-2.18 (m, 2 H) 2.41 – 2.47 (m, 2 H) 3.52 (s, 6 H) 3.58 – 3.67 (m, 2 H) 3.75 – 3.84 (m, 2 H) 4.02

(t, J=7.26 Hz, 2 H) 4.43 (dd, J=7.92, 4.88 Hz, 2 H) 5.14 (d, J=6.18 Hz, 2 H) 6.17 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 2 H) 6.94 (d, J=8.67 Hz, 2 H) 7.12 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 4 H) 7.31 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 2 H) 7.49 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 4 H)

9.98 (s, 2 H). The title compound showed an EC₅₀ value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.

Example 37 Dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-fert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4,l- phenylene))bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene)bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 -oxobutane-2, 1 – diyl)dicarbamate

……………desired

Example 37A (S)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoate To a mixture of (S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid (19.66 g, 112 mmol) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (13.29g, 116 mmol) was added ethyl acetate (250 ml), and the mixture was cooled to 0-5 °C. Diisopropylcarbodiimide (13.88 g, 110 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0-5 °C for about 1 hour. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. The solids (diisopropylurea by-product) were filtered and rinsed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to an oil. Isopropyl alcohol (200 ml) was added to the oil and the mixture was heated to about 50 °C to obtain a homogeneous solution. Upon cooling, crystalline solids formed. The solids were filtered and washed with isopropyl alcohol (3 x 20 ml) and dried to give the title compound as a white solid (23.2 g, 77% yield).

Example 37B

(S)- 1 -((S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylbutanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid To a mixture of L-proline (4.44g, 38.6 mmol), water (20 ml), acetonitrile (20 ml) and DIEA (9.5 g, 73.5 mmol) was added a solution of the product from Example 37A (1Og, 36.7 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 inL) over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solution was concentrated under vacuum to remove the acetonitrile. To the resulting clear water solution was added 6N HCl (9 ml) until pH ~ 2 .The solution was transferred to a separatory funnel and 25% NaCl (10 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (75 ml), and then again with ethyl acetate (6 x 20 ml), and the combined extracts were washed with 25% NaCl (2 x 10ml). The solvent was evaporated to give a thick oil. Heptane was added and the solvent was evaporated to give a foam, which was dried under high vacuum. Diethyl ether was added and the solvent was evaporated to give a foam, which was dried under high vacuum to give the title compound (10.67g) as a white solid.

The compound of Example 37B can also be prepreared according to the following procedure: To a flask was charged L- valine (35 g, 299 mmol), IN sodium hydroxide solution (526 ml,

526 mmol) and sodium carbonate (17.42 g, 164 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 min to dissolve solids and then cooled to 15 °C. Methyl chloroformate (29.6 g, 314 mmol) was added slowly to the reaction mixture. The mixture was then stirred at rt for 30 min. The mixture was cooled to 15 °C and pH adjusted to -5.0 with concentrated HCl solution. 100 inL of 2-methytetrahydrofuran (2- MeTHF) was added and the adjustment of pH continued until the pH reached ~ 2.0. 150 mL of 2- MeTHF was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. Layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with 100 mL of 2-MeTHF. The combined organic layer was dried over anhyd Na₂SC^ and filtered, and Na₂SC^ cake was washed with 50 mL of 2-MeTHF. The product solution was concentrated to ~ 100 mL, chased with 120 mL of IPAc twice. 250 mL of heptanes was charged slowly and then the volume of the mixture was concentrated to 300 mL. The mixture was heated to 45 °C and 160 mL of heptanes charged. The mixture was cooled to rt in 2h, stirred for 30 min, filtered and washed with 2-MeTHF/heptanes mixture (1:7, 80 inL). The wetcake was dried at 55 °C for 24 h to give 47.1 g of Moc-L- VaI-OH product as a white solid (90%).

Moc-L- VaI-OH (15O g, 856 mmol), HOBt hydrate (138 g, 899 mmol) and DMF (1500 ml) were charged to a flask. The mixture was stirred for 15 min to give a clear solution. EDC hydrochloride (172 g, 899 mmol) was charged and mixed for 20 min. The mixture was cooled to 13

°C and (L)-proline benzyl ester hydrochloride (207 g, 856 mmol) charged. Triethylamine (109 g,

1079 mmol) was then charged in 30 min. The resulting suspension was mixed at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 15 °C and 1500 mL of 6.7% NaHCO₃ charged in 1.5 h, followed by the addition of 1200 mL of water over 60 min. The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min, filtered and washed with water/DMF mixture (1 :2, 250 mL) and then with water (1500 mL). The wetcake was dried at 55 °C for 24 h to give 282 g of product as a white solid (90%).

The resulting solids (40 g) and 5% Pd/ Alumina were charged to a Parr reactor followed by THF (160 mL). The reactor was sealed and purged with nitrogen (6 x 20 psig) followed by a hydrogen purge (6 x 30 psig). The reactor was pressurized to 30 psig with hydrogen and agitated at room temperature for approximately 15 hours. The resulting slurry was filtered through a GF/F filter and concentrated to approximately 135 g solution. Heptane was added (120 mL), and the solution was stirred until solids formed. After an addition 2 – 3 hours additional heptane was added drop-wise (240 mL), the slurry was stirred for approximately 1 hour, then filtered. The solids were dried to afford the title compound.

Example 37C

(lR,4R)-1,4-bis(4-nitrophenyl)butane-1,4-diyl dimethanesulfonate

The product from Example 32 (5.01 g, 13.39 mmol) was combined with 2- methyltetrahydrofuran (70 mL) and cooled to -5 °C, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (6.81 g, 52.7 mmol) was added over 30 seconds. Separately, a solution of methanesulfonic anhydride (6.01 g, 34.5 mmol) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was prepared and added to the diol slurry over 3 min., maintaining the internal temperature between -15 °C and -25 °C. After mixing for 5 min at -15 °C, the cooling bath was removed and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to 23 °C and mixed for 30 minutes. After reaction completion, the crude slurry was carried immediately into the next step.

Example 37D

(2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine

To the crude product solution from Example 37C (7.35 g, 13.39 mmol) was added 4-tert- butylaniline (13.4 g, 90 mmol) at 23 °C over 1 minute. The reaction was heated to 65 °C for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to 23 °C and diluted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and 1 M HCl (150 mL). After partitioning the phases, the organic phase was treated with 1 M HCl (140 mL), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (50 mL), and 25 wt% aq. NaCl (100 mL), and the phases were partitioned. The organic phase was washed with 25 wt% aq. NaCl (50 mL), dried over MgSO/_t, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to approximately 20 mL. Heptane (30 mL) and additional 2- methyltetrahydrofuran were added in order to induce crystallization. The slurry was concentrated further, and additional heptane (40 mL) was slowly added and the slurry was filtered, washing with 2- methyltetrahydrofuran:heptane (1:4, 20 mL). The solids were suspended in MeOH (46 mL) for 3 h, filtered, and the wet solid was washed with additional MeOH (18 mL). The solid was dried at 45 °C in a vacuum oven for 16 h to provide the title compound (3.08 g, 51% 2-step yield).

Example 37E

4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)dianiline

To a 160 ml Parr stirrer hydrogenation vessel was added the product from Example 37D (2 g, 4.49 mmol), followed by 60 ml of THF, and Raney Nickel Grace 2800 (1 g, 50 wt% (dry basis)) under a stream of nitrogen. The reactor was assembled and purged with nitrogen (8 x 20 psig) followed by purging with hydrogen (8 x 30 psig). The reactor was then pressurized to 30 psig with hydrogen and agitation (700 rpm) began and continued for a total of 16 h at room temperature. The slurry was filtered by vacuum filtration using a GF/F Whatman glass fiber filter. Evaporation of the filtrate to afford a slurry followed by the addition heptane and filtration gave the crude title compound, which was dried and used directly in the next step.

Example 37F dimethyl (2S,2’S)-l,r-((2S,2’S)-2,2′-(4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)bis(4, l- phenylene)bis(azanediyl)bis(oxomethylene))bis(pyrrolidine-2, 1 -diyl))bis(3-methyl- 1 -oxobutane-2, 1 – diy 1) die arb amate To a solution of the product from Example 37E (1.64 g, 4.25 mmol) in DMF (20 ml), the product from Example 37B (2.89 g, 10.63 mmol), and HATU (4.04 g, 10.63 mmol) in DMF (15OmL) was added triethylamine (1.07 g, 10.63 mmol), and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 90 min. To the reaction mixture was poured 20 mL of water, and the white precipitate obtained was filtered, and the solid was washed with water (3×5 mL). The solid was blow dried for Ih. The crude material was loaded on a silica gel column and eluted with a gradient starting with ethyl acetate/ heptane (3/7), and ending with pure ethyl acetate. The desired fractions were combined and solvent distilled off to give a very light yellow solid, which was dried at 45 °C in a vacuum oven with nitrogen purge for 15 h to give the title compound (2.3 g, 61% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- D6) δ ppm 0.88 (d, J=6.61 Hz, 6 H) 0.93 (d, J=6.72 Hz, 6 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.63 (d, J=5.42 Hz, 2 H) 1.80 – 2.04 (m, 8 H) 2.09 – 2.19 (m, 2 H) 2.44 – 2.47 (m, 2 H) 3.52 (s, 6 H) 3.59 – 3.66 (m, 2 H) 3.77 – 3.84 (m, 2 H) 4.02 (t, J=8.40 Hz, 2 H) 4.42 (dd, J=7.86, 4.83 Hz, 2 H) 5.14 (d, J=6.18 Hz, 2 H) 6.17 (d, J=8.67 Hz, 2 H) 6.94 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 2 H) 7.13 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 4 H) 7.31 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 2 H) 7.50 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 4 H) 9.98 (s, 2 H).

Alternately, the product from example 37E (11.7 g, 85 wt%, 25.8 mmol) and the product from example 37B (15.45 g, 56.7 mmol) are suspended in EtOAc (117 mL), diisopropylethylamine (18.67 g, 144 mmol) is added and the solution is cooled to 0 °C. In a separate flask, 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P^®) (46.0 g, 50 wt% in EtOAc, 72.2 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (58.5 mL), and charged to an addition funnel. The T₃P solution is added to the reaction mixture drop-wise over 3-4 h and stirred until the reaction is complete. The reaction is warmed to room temperature,and washed with IM HCl/7.5 wt% NaCl (100 mL), then washed with 5% NaHCO₃ (100 mL), then washed with 5% NaCl solution (100 mL). The solution was concentrated to approximately 60 mL, EtOH (300 mL) was added, and the solution was concentrated to 84 g solution.

A portion of the EtOH solution of product (29 g) was heated to 40 °C, and added 134 g 40 w% EtOH in H₂O. A slurry of seeds in 58 wt/wt% EtOH/H₂O was added, allowed to stir at 40 °C for several hours, then cooled to 0 °C. The slurry is then filtered, and washed with 58wt/wt% EtOH/H₂O. The product is dried at 40 – 60 °C under vacuum, and then rehydrated by placing a tray of water in the vacuum oven to give the title compound. The title compound showed an EC₅₀ value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.

……………..

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/EP2337781A2?cl=en

Example 34

Example 34C

Example 34D

filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (345 mg, 93%).

The product from Example 34D (29.0 mg, 0.050 mmol), (S)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3- methylbutanoic acid (19.27 mg, 0.110 mmol), EDAC (21.09 mg, 0.110 mmol), HOBT (16.85 mg,

3.57 – 3.67 (m, 2 H) 3.76 – 3.86 (m, 2 H) 4.00 (t, J=7.56 Hz, 2 H) 4.39 – 4.46 (m, 2 H) 5.15 (d, J=7.00

Hz, 2 H) 6.17 (d, J=7.70 Hz, 2 H) 6.94 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 2 H) 7.13 (d, J=7.37 Hz, 4 H) 7.30 (d, J=8.20

Hz, 2 H) 7.50 (d, J=8.24 Hz, 4 H) 9.98 (s, 2 H); (ESI+) m/z 895 (M+H)+. The title compound showed an EC₅₀ value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.

Example 35

………….desired

……….undesired

(d, J=6.51 Hz, 6 H) 0.92 (d, J=6.72 Hz, 6 H) 1.11 (s, 9 H) 1.63 (d, J=5.53 Hz, 2 H) 1.82 – 2.04 (m, 8

H) 2.09-2.18 (m, 2 H) 2.41 – 2.47 (m, 2 H) 3.52 (s, 6 H) 3.58 – 3.67 (m, 2 H) 3.75 – 3.84 (m, 2 H) 4.02

9.98 (s, 2 H). The title compound showed an EC₅₀ value of less than about 0.1 nM in HCV lb-Conl replicon assays in the presence of 5% FBS.

………………desired

Example 37B

The compound of Example 37B can also be prepreared according to the following procedure: To a flask was charged L- valine (35 g, 299 mmol), IN sodium hydroxide solution (526 ml,

°C and (L)-proline benzyl ester hydrochloride (207 g, 856 mmol) charged. Triethylamine (109 g,

Example 37C

(lR,4R)-1,4-bis(4-nitrophenyl)butane-1,4-diyl dimethanesulfonate

Example 37D

(2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine

Example 37E

4,4′-((2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-diyl)dianiline

Intermediates

Example 32

( 1 R,4R)- 1 ,4-bis(4-mtrophenyl)butane- 1 ,4-diol

To (S)-(-)-α,α-diphenyl-2-pyrrohdinemethanol (2 71 g, 10 70 mmol) was added THF (80 mL) at 23 °C The very thin suspension was treated with t₁₁methyl borate (1 44 g, 13 86 mmol) over 30 seconds, and the resulting solution was mixed at 23 °C for 1 h The solution was cooled to 16-19 °C, and N,N-diethylanilme borane (21 45 g, 132 mmol) was added dropwise via syringe over 3-5 mm (caution vigorous H₂ evolution), while the internal temperature was maintained at 16-19 °C After 15 mm, the H₂ evolution had ceased To a separate vessel was added the product from Example IA (22 04 g, 95 wt%, 63 8 mmol), followed by THF (80 mL), to form an orange slurry After cooling the slurry to 11 °C, the borane solution was transferred via cannula into the dione slurry over 3-5 min During this period, the internal temperature of the slurry rose to 16 °C After the addition was complete, the reaction was maintained at 20-27 °C for an additional 2 5 h After reaction completion, the mixture was cooled to 5 °C and methanol (16 7 g, 521 mmol) was added dropwise over 5-10 mm, maintaining an internal temperature <20 °C (note vigorous H₂ evolution) After the exotherm had ceased (ca 10 mm), the temperature was adjusted to 23 °C, and the reaction was mixed until complete dissolution of the solids had occurred Ethyl acetate (300 mL) and 1 M HCl (120 mL) were added, and the phases were partitioned The organic phase was then washed successively with 1 M HCl (2 x 120 mL), H₂O (65 mL), and 10% aq NaCl (65 mL) The orgamcs were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo Crystallization of the product occurred during the concentration The slurry was warmed to 50 °C, and heptane (250 inL) was added over 15 min. The slurry was then allowed to mix at 23 °C for 30 min and filtered. The wet cake was washed with 3: 1 heptane:ethyl acetate (75 mL), and the orange, crystalline solids were dried at 45 °C for 24 h to provide the title compound (15.35 g, 99.3% ee, 61% yield), which was contaminated with 11% of the meso isomer (vs. dl isomer).

References

“VIEKIRA PAK™ (ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir tablets; dasabuvir tablets), for Oral Use. Full Prescribing Information”(PDF). AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
“FDA approves Viekira Pak to treat hepatitis C”. Food and Drug Administration. December 19, 2014.
“TECHNIVIE™ (ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir) Tablets, for Oral Use. Full Prescribing Information” (PDF). AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
“FDA approves Technivie for treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4”. Food and Drug Administration. July 24, 2015.
Jordan J. Feld, Kris V. Kowdley, Eoin Coakley, Samuel Sigal, David R. Nelson, Darrell Crawford, Ola Weiland, Humberto Aguilar, Junyuan Xiong, Tami Pilot-Matias, Barbara DaSilva-Tillmann, Lois Larsen, Thomas Podsadecki, and Barry Bernstein (2014). “Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/r–Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin”. N Engl J Med 370: 1594–1603.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1315722.

Ombitasvir
Systematic (IUPAC) name

Dimethyl ({(2S,5S)-1-[4-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)phenyl]-2,5-pyrrolidinediyl}bis{4,1-phenylenecarbamoyl(2S)-2,1-pyrrolidinediyl[(2S)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1,2-butanediyl]})biscarbamate
Clinical data
Trade names	Viekira Pak (with ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir and dasabuvir), Technivie (with ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir)
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Routes of administration	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	not determined
Protein binding	~99.9%
Metabolism	amide hydrolysis followed by oxidation
Onset of action	~4 to 5 hours
Biological half-life	21 to 25 hours
Excretion	mostly with feces (90.2%)
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	1258226-87-7
PubChem	CID: 54767916
ChemSpider	31136214
ChEBI	CHEBI:85183
Synonyms	ABT-267
Chemical data
Formula	C₅₀H₆₇N₇O₈
Molecular mass	894.11 g/mol

rx list

VIEKIRA PAK is ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir fixed dose combination tablets copackaged with dasabuvir tablets.

Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir fixed dose combination tablet includes ahepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor (ombitasvir), a hepatitis C virus NS3/4Aprotease inhibitor (paritaprevir), and a CYP3A inhibitor (ritonavir) that inhibits CYP3A mediated metabolism of paritaprevir, thereby providing increased plasma concentration of paritaprevir. Dasabuvir is a hepatitis C virus nonnucleoside NS5B palm polymerase inhibitor, which is supplied as separate tablets in the copackage. Both tablets are for oral administration.

Ombitasvir

The chemical name of ombitasvir is Dimethyl ([(2S,5S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl) pyrrolidine-2,5diyl]bis{benzene-4,1-diylcarbamoyl(2S)pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl[(2S)-3-methyl-1-oxobutane-1,2diyl]})biscarbamate hydrate. The molecular formula is C₅₀H₆₇N7O₈•4.5H₂O (hydrate) and the molecular weight for the drug substance is 975.20 (hydrate). The drug substance is white to light yellow to light pink powder, and is practically insoluble in aqueous buffers but is soluble in ethanol. Ombitasvir has the following molecular structure:

Paritaprevir

The chemical name of paritaprevir is (2R,6S,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-6{[(5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-5,16-dioxo-2-(phenanthridin-6-yloxy)1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16a-tetradecahydrocyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4] diazacyclopentadecine-14a(5H)-carboxamide dihydrate. The molecular formula is C₄₀H₄₃N₇O₇S•2H₂O (dihydrate) and the molecular weight for the drug substance is 801.91 (dihydrate). The drug substance is white to off-white powder with very low water solubility. Paritaprevir has the following molecular structure:

Ritonavir

The chemical name of ritonavir is [5S-(5R*,8R*,10R*,11R*)]10-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(1methyethyl)-1-[2-(1-methylethyl)-4-thiazolyl]-3,6-dioxo-8,11-bis(phenylmethyl)-2,4,7,12tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid,5-thiazolylmethyl ester. The molecular formula is C₃₇H₄₈N₆O₅S₂ and the molecular weight for the drug substance is 720.95. The drug substance is white to off white to light tan powder practically insoluble in water and freely soluble in methanol and ethanol. Ritonavir has the following molecular structure:

Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets

Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir film-coated tablets are co-formulated immediate release tablets. The tablet contains copovidone, K value 28,vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate, propylene glycol monolaurate Type I, sorbitan monolaurate, colloidal silicon dioxide/colloidal anhydrous silica, sodium stearyl fumarate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol 3350/macrogol 3350, talc, titanium dioxide, and iron oxide red. The strength for the tablet is 12.5 mg ombitasvir, 75 mg paritaprevir, 50 mg ritonavir.

Dasabuvir

The chemical name of dasabuvir is Sodium 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-5-{6[(methylsulfonyl)amino]naphthalene-2-yl}phenyl)-2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ide hydrate (1:1:1). The molecular formula is C₂₆H₂₆N₃O₅S•Na•H₂O (salt, hydrate) and the molecular weight of the drug substance is 533.57 (salt, hydrate). The drug substance is white to pale yellow to pink powder, slightly soluble in water and very slightly soluble in methanol and isopropyl alcohol. Dasabuvir has the following molecular structure:

Dasabuvir is formulated as a 250 mg film-coated, immediate release tablet containing microcrystalline cellulose (D50-100 um), microcrystalline cellulose (D50-50 um), lactose monohydrate, copovidone, croscarmellose sodium, colloidal silicon dioxide/anhydrous colloidal silica, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol 3350/macrogol 3350, talc, and iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red and iron oxide black. Each tablet contains 270.3 mg dasabuvir sodium monohydrate equivalent to 250 mg dasabuvir.

//////////fda 2014, Ombitasvir, orphan drug, Abbvie Inc.

Eliglustat

May 8, 2015 3:53 am / Leave a comment

ELIGLUSTAT TARTRATE

THERAPEUTIC CLAIM Treatment of lysosomal storage disorders

CHEMICAL NAMES

1. Octanamide, N-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-(1-
pyrrolidinylmethyl)ethyl]-, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1)

2. bis{N-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-(pyrrolidin-1-
ylmethyl)ethyl]octanamide} (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate

MOLECULAR FORMULA C23H36N2O4 . ½ C4H6O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT 479.6

MANUFACTURER Genzyme Corp.

CODE DESIGNATION Genz-112638

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 928659-70-5

In March 2015, eliglustat tartrate was approved in Japan for the treatment of Gaucher disease. Eliglustat tartrate was described specifically within the US FDA’s Orange Booked listed US6916802, which is set to expire in April 2022.

In May 2015, the Orange Book also listed that eliglustat tartrate had Orphan Drug Exclusivity and New Chemical Entity exclusivity until 2019 and 2021, respectively.

it having been developed and launched as eliglustat tartrate by Genzyme (a wholly owned subsidiary of Sanofi), under license from the University of Michigan.

Eliglustat tartrate is known to act as inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase and glycolipid, useful for the treatment of Gaucher’s disease type I and lysosome storage disease.

Genzyme Announces Positive New Data from Two Phase 3 Studies for Oral Eliglustat Tartrate for Gaucher Disease

Eliglustat tartrate (USAN)

CAS:928659-70-5

February 15, 2013

http://www.wikigenes.org/e/ref/e/20439622.html

Eliglustat tartate (Genz-112638)

What is Eliglustat?

Eliglustat is a new investigational phase 3 compound from Genzyme Corporation that is being studied for type 1 Gaucher Disease.
Eliglustat works as a substrate reduction therapy by reducing glucocerebroside. formation.
This product is an oral agent (i.e. a pill) that is taken once or twice a day in contrast to an IV infusion for enzyme replacement therapy. Enzyme replacement therapy focuses on replenishing the enzyme that is deficient in Gaucher Disease and breaks down glucocerebroside that accumulates.
The clinical trials for eliglustat tartate are sponsored by Genzyme Corporation.

Formula I

(i) coupling S-(+)-2-phenyl glycinol with phenyl bromoacetate followed by column chromatography for purification of the resulting intermediate,

(ii) reacting the resulting (5S)-5-phenylmorpholin-2-one with 1 , 4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde to obtain a lactone,

(iii) opening the lactone of the oxazolo-oxazinone cyclo adduct via reaction with pyrrolidine,

U.S. patent No. 6855830, 7265228, 7615573, 7763738, 8138353, U.S. patent application publication No. 2012/296088 disclose processes for preparation of eliglustat and intermediates thereof.

WO 2015059679

	Process for the preparation of eliglustat free base – comprising the reaction of S-(+)-phenyl glycinol with phenyl-alpha-bromoacetate to obtain 5-phenylmorpholin-2-one, which is further converted to eliglustat.

	Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd
	New crystalline eliglustat free base Form R1 and a process for its preparation are claimed. Also claimed is a process for the preparation of eliglustat free base which comprises the reaction of S-(+)-phenyl glycinol with phenyl-alpha-bromoacetate to obtain 5-phenylmorpholin-2-one, which is further converted to eliglustat.Further eliglustat oxalate, its crystalline form, and a process for the preparation of crystalline eliglustat oxalate, are claimed.