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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, CLEANCHEM LABS as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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LORPUCITINIB

September 21, 2022 3:12 am / Leave a comment

LORPUCITINIB

JNJ 64251330

2230282-02-5

UNII-OE1QTY7C25

Molecular Weight	408.50
Formula	C₂₂H₂₈N₆O₂

1-(TRANS-4-(CYANOMETHYL)CYCLOHEXYL)-1,6-DIHYDRO-N-(2-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPROPYL)IMIDAZO(4,5-D)PYRROLO(2,3-B)PYRIDINE-2-ACETAMIDE

2-[3-[4-(cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl]-3,5,8,10-tetrazatricyclo[7.3.0.0^2,6]dodeca-1,4,6,8,11-pentaen-4-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)acetamide

is a Gut-Restricted JAK Inhibitor for the research of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Lorpucitinib is an orally bioavailable pan-inhibitor of the Janus associated-kinases (JAKs), with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, lorpucitinib works in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where it targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of the JAKs, thereby disrupting JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways and the phosphorylation of STAT proteins. This may inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reducing inflammatory responses and preventing inflammation-induced damage. The Janus kinase family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, which includes tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 (Janus kinase 1; JAK1), tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 (Janus kinase 2; JAK2), tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 (Janus kinase 3; JAK3) and non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2), plays a key role in cytokine signaling and inflammaton.

PATENT

WO2019239387

WO2018112379

WO2018112382

PATENT

WO/2022/189496LORPUCITINIB FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF JAK MEDIATED DISORDERS

Example 1

[0117] 2-(1-((1r,4r)-4-(Cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl)-1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)acetamide

Step A: 2-(1-((1r,4r)-4-(Cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)acetamide. To ensure dry starting material, ethyl 2-(1-((1r,4r)-4-(cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)acetate (Intermediate 3) was heated under vacuum at 50 °C for 18 h prior to the reaction. In a 1 L flask, ethyl 2-(1-((1r,4r)-4-(cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)acetate (Intermediate 3, 52.585 g, 104.01 mmol) was suspended in DMA (50 mL). 1-Amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol (50 mL) was added and the reaction was heated to 110 °C for 45 minutes, then to 125 °C for 5 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (800 mL). The organic layer was extracted three times with a solution of water/ brine wherein the solution was made up of 1 L water plus 50 mL brine. The aqueous layers were back extracted with EtOAc (2 × 600 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄,

concentrated to dryness, and then dried for 3 days under vacuum to provide the title compound (65.9 g, 98% yield) as a yellow foam. The product was taken to the next step with no further purification. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₂₈H₃₂N₆O₄S, 548.22; m/z found, 549.2 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.26 – 8.19 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.60 – 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.50 – 7.44 (m, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.76 – 4.61 (m, 1H), 3.97 (s, 2H), 3.45 (s, 1H), 3.27 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.38 – 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.23 – 2.12 (m, 2H), 2.09 -1.94 (m, 4H), 1.48 (qd, J = 13.6, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 1.21 (s, 6H).

[0118] Step B: 2-(1-((1r,4r)-4-(Cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl)-1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)acetamide. 2-(1-((1r,4r)-4-(Cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)acetamide (65.90 g, 102.1 mmol) was added to a 1 L flask containing a stir bar. 1,4-dioxane (300 mL) was added, followed by aq KOH (3 M, 150 mL). The reaction was heated at 80 °C for 2 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and the solvent volume was reduced to about 200 mL on a rotovap. The residue was treated with a solution of water/brine (100 mL/100mL), then extracted with 10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ (2 x 1L). The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and concentrated to dryness to provide a yellow solid. The solid was suspended in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL), stirred vigorously for 30 minutes, and then collected by filtration. The solid was rinsed with CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL), dried by pulling air through the filter, and then further dried under vacuum at room temperature for 16 h to provide the title compound (41.59 g, 89% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₂₂H₂₈N₆O₂, 408.23; m/z found, 409.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.85 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.21 – 8.10 (m, 1H), 7.49 – 7.43 (m, 1H), 6.74 – 6.65 (m, 1H), 4.53 – 4.42 (m, 2H), 4.07 (s, 2H), 3.08 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.41 – 2.28 (m, 2H), 2.09 – 1.92 (m, 5H), 1.42 – 1.31 (m, 2H), 1.09 (s, 6H). The synthesis and active compound characterization of each of the aspects of this invention are provided herein in the form of examples. Due to the crystal structure of some of the aspects of this invention, polymorph screening may be pursued to further characterize specific forms of any such compound. This is illustrated in a non-limiting manner for compound of Formula I by the example under the heading polymorph screening.

[0119] The following compounds were prepared in reference to the foregoing synthesis:

Intermediate 1

[0120] 2-((1r,4r)-4-((5-Nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)acetonitrile

[0121] Step A: tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate. To a 20-L 4-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed (1r,4r)-4-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (1066 g, 4.38 mol, 1.00 equiv) and THF (10 L). This was followed by the dropwise addition of BH₃-Me₂S (10 M, 660 mL) at -10 °C over 1 h. The resulting solution was stirred for 3 h at 15 °C. This reaction was performed three times in parallel and the reaction mixtures were combined. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of methanol (2 L). The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in of tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate (3000 g, 99.6%) as a white solid. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₃NO₃, 229.32; m/z found, 215.2 [M-tBu+MeCN+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.40 (s, 1H), 3.45 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 1H), 2.05-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 11H), 1.17-1.01 (m, 4H).

[0122] Step B: tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-[(Methanesulfonyloxy)methyl]cyclohexyl]carbamate. To a 20 L 4-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, was placed tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate (1000 g, 4.36 mol, 1.00 equiv.), dichloromethane (10 L), pyridine (1380 g, 17.5 mol, 4.00 equiv.). This was followed by the dropwise addition of MsCl (1000 g, 8.73 mol, 2.00 equiv.) at -15 °C. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 25 °C. This reaction was performed in parallel for 3 times and the reaction mixtures were combined. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 2 L of water. The

water phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (1 x 9 L). The organic layer was separated and washed with 1 M HCl (3 x 10 L), NaHCO₃ (saturated aq.) (2 x 10 L), water (1 x 10 L) and brine (1 x 10 L). The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in of tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-[(methanesulfonyloxy)methyl]cyclohexyl]carbamate (3300 g, 82%) as a white solid. LC-MS: MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₅NO₅S, 307.15; m/z found 292.1, [M-tBu+MeCN+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.03 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 1H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 2.07-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.19-1.04 (m, 4H).

[0123] Step C: tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-(Cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate. To a 10 L 4-necked round-bottom flask, was placed tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-[(methanesulfonyloxy)methyl]cyclohexyl]carbamate (1100 g, 3.58 mol, 1.00 equiv.), DMSO (5500 mL) and NaCN (406 g, 8.29 mol, 2.30 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 h at 90 °C. This reaction was performed in parallel 3 times and the reaction mixtures were combined. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 15 L of water/ice. The solids were collected by filtration. The solids were washed with water (3 x 10 L). This resulted in tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-(cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate (2480 g, 97%) as a white solid. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₂N₂O₂, 238.17; m/z found 224 [M-tBu+MeCN+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.39 (s, 1H), 3.38 (s, 1H), 2.26 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.26-1.06 (m, 4H).

[0124] Step D: 2-[(1r,4r)-4-Aminocyclohexyl]acetonitrile hydrochloride. To a 10-L round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-(cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate (620 g, 2.60 mol, 1.00 equiv.), and 1,4-dioxane (2 L). This was followed by the addition of a solution of HCl in 1,4-dioxane (5 L, 4 M) dropwise with stirring at 10 °C. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 25 °C. This reaction was performed for 4 times and the reaction mixtures were combined. The solids were collected by filtration. The solids were washed with 1,4-dioxane (3 x 3 L), ethyl acetate (3 x 3 L) and hexane (3 x 3 L). This resulted in 2-[(1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl]acetonitrile hydrochloride (1753 g, 96%) as a white solid. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₈H₁₄N₂, 138.12; m/z found 139.25, [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.14 (s, 3H), 2.96-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.46 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (d, J = 11.1 Hz, 2H), 1.79 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 2H), 1.64-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.29 (m, 2H), 1.18-1.04 (m, 2H).

[0125] Step E: 2-((1r,4r)-4-((5-Nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)acetonitrile. To a 1000 mL round bottom flask containing 2-[(1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl]acetonitrile hydrochloride (29.10 g, 166.6 mmol) was added DMA (400 mL). The resulting suspension was treated with 4-chloro-5-nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (51.53 g, 152.6 mmol), followed by DIPEA (63.0 mL, 366 mmol). The reaction mixture was placed under N₂ and heated at 80 °C for 4 h. The crude reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and slowly poured into a vigorously stirred 2 L flask containing 1.6 L water. The resulting suspension was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature, then filtered and dried for 16 h in a vacuum oven with heating at 70 °C to provide the title compound (63.37 g, 95%) as a yellow solid. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C21H21N5O4S, 439.1; m/z found, 440.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.99 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.23 – 8.15 (m, 2H), 7.66 – 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.56 – 7.49 (m, 2H), 6.67 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.95 – 3.79 (m, 1H), 2.38 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.32 -2.21 (m, 2H), 2.08 – 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.88 – 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.60 – 1.32 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 2

[0126] 2-((1r,4r)-4-((5-Amino-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)acetonitrile

[0127] 2-((1r,4r)-4-((5-Nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)acetonitrile (Intermediate 1, 58.60 g, 133.3 mmol) was dissolved in THF/MeOH (1:1, 4800 mL). The mixture was passed through a continuous-flow hydrogenation reactor (10% Pd/C), such as a Thales Nano H-Cube®, at 10 mL/min with 100 % hydrogen (atmospheric pressure, 80 °C), then the solution was concentrated to provide the product as a purple solid. The solid was triturated with EtOAc (400 mL) and then triturated again with MeOH (200 mL) then filtered and dried under vacuum to provide the title compound (50.2 g, 91.9% yield).

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₂₁H₂₃N₅O₂S, 409.2; m/z found, 410.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.10 – 8.03 (m, 2H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.51 – 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.43 – 7.34 (m, 3H), 6.44 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.65 – 3.51 (m, 1H), 2.74 (s, 2H), 2.26 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.19 – 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.97 – 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.76 – 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.33 – 1.12 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 3

[0128] Ethyl 2-(1-((1r,4r)-4-(cyanomethyl)cyclohexyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)acetate

[0129] To a 1L round bottom flask containing a stir bar and 2-((1r,4r)-4-((5-amino-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)acetonitrile (Intermediate 2, 58.31 g, 142.4 mmol) was added ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate (60.51 g, 309.3 mmol), followed by EtOH (600 mL, dried over 3Å molecular sieves for 48 h). A reflux condenser was attached to the reaction flask, the reaction was purged with N₂, and was heated at 90 °C for 9 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and left to stand for 30 h where the product crystallized out as brown needles. The solids were broken up with a spatula and the reaction mixture was transferred to a 2 L flask. Water (1.4 L) was added slowly via separatory funnel with vigorous stirring. After addition of the water was complete, the suspension was stirred for 30 minutes. The brown needles were isolated by filtration and then dried by pulling air through the filter for 1 h. The product was transferred to a 500 mL flask and treated with EtOAc (200 mL). A small quantity of seed crystals were added, which induced the formation of a white solid precipitate. The suspension was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, filtered, rinsed with EtOAc (25 mL), and dried under vacuum to provide the product as a white solid (48.65 g, 68% yield). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₂₆H₂₇N₅O₄S, 505.2; m/z found, 506.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400

MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.28 – 8.19 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.61 – 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.52 – 7.43 (m, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (s, 1H), 4.20 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 2.44 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.40 – 2.27 (m, 2H), 2.16 (d, J = 13.3 Hz, 2H), 2.12 – 1.96 (m, 3H), 1.54 – 1.38 (m, 2H), 1.27 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).

Polymorph screening example

[0130] Some embodiments of compound of Formula I as free bases present multiple crystalline configurations that have a complex solid-state behavior, some of which in turn can present distinguishing features among themselves due to different amounts of incorporated solvent. Some embodiments of compound of Formula I are in the form of pseudopolymorphs, which are embodiments of the same compound that present crystal lattice compositional differences due to different amounts of solvent in the crystal lattice itself. In addition, channel solvation can also be present in some crystalline embodiments of compound of Formula I, in which solvent is incorporated within channels or voids that are present in the crystal lattice. For example, the various crystalline configurations given in Table 2 were found for compound of Formula I. Because of these features, non-stoichiometric solvates were often observed, as illustrated in Table 2. Furthermore, the presence of such channels or voids in the crystal structure of some embodiments according to this invention enables the presence of water and/or solvent molecules that are held within the crystal structure with varying degrees of bonding strength. Consequently, changes in the specific ambient conditions can readily lead to some loss or gain of water molecules and/or solvent molecules in some embodiments according to this invention. It is understood that “solvation” (third column in Table 2) for each of the embodiments listed in Table 2 is the formula solvation, and that the actual determination of the same as a stoichiometry number (fourth column in Table 2) can slightly vary from the formula solvation depending on the actual ambient conditions when it is experimentally determined. For example, if about half of the water molecules in an embodiment may be present as hydrogen-bonded to the active compound in the crystal lattice, while about the other half of water molecules may be in channels or voids in the crystal lattice, then changes in ambient conditions may alter the amount of such loosely contained water molecules in voids or channels, and hence lead to a slight difference between the formula solvation that is assigned according to, for example, single crystal diffraction, and the

stoichiometry that is determined by, for example, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectroscopy.

Table 2. Embodiments of crystalline forms of compound of Formula I

[0131] The compound that was obtained as described in Example 1 was further crystallized by preparing a slurry in DCM (1:3, for example 10 g of compound in 30 ml DCM) that was stirred at 40^oC for 4 hours, and further stirred for 14 hours at 25^oC, then heptane was slowly added (1:2, for example 20 ml of heptane into the compound/DCM slurry/solution) at 25^oC, stirred at 40^oC for 4 hours, cooled to 25^oC and stirred for further 14 hours at 25^oC. Subsequent filtration led to compound of Formula I in the form of an off-white solid, that was identified as a monohydrate, a 1s embodiment.

CLIP

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2020), 63(6), 2915-2929

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Clip

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04552197

The purpose of this study is to evaluate: systemic and local gut (rectum and sigmoid colon) exposure to JNJ-64251330, local tissue Pharmacodynamics (PD) using gut (rectum and sigmoid colon) biopsies (Part 1) and the effect of food on the rate and extent of absorption of JNJ-64251330 from oral tablet dosed with or without food (Part 2).

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is the most common polyposis syndrome. It is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by the early onset of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps throughout the colon. JNJ-64251330 (lorpucitinib) is an oral, small molecule, potent pan-janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that blocks phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins. pSTAT induces transcription of multiple genes involved in the progression of inflammatory disease. JNJ-64251330 has chemical properties that limits the amount of drug in the blood while delivering the drug to the tissues of the gut. Local inhibition of JAK in the gut may present a promising method to treat inflammatory diseases of the intestinal tract, such as FAP. The study consists of 3 phases: screening phase (30 days) a treatment phase (24 weeks), and follow-up visit (up to 30 days after last dose of study drug). The total duration of the study will be up to 32 weeks. Study evaluations will include efficacy via endoscopies, safety (monitoring of adverse events (AE), serious adverse events (SAEs), events of infections including tuberculosis (TB), clinical laboratory blood tests (complete blood count and serum chemistries), vital signs, and concomitant medication review), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic and biomarkers evaluations.

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) also known as deleted in polyposis 2.5 (DP2.5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APC gene.^[4] The APC protein is a negative regulator that controls beta-catenin concentrations and interacts with E-cadherin, which are involved in cell adhesion. Mutations in the APC gene may result in colorectal cancer.^[5]

APC is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. Tumor suppressor genes prevent the uncontrolled growth of cells that may result in cancerous tumors. The protein made by the APC gene plays a critical role in several cellular processes that determine whether a cell may develop into a tumor. The APC protein helps control how often a cell divides, how it attaches to other cells within a tissue, how the cell polarizes and the morphogenesis of the 3D structures,^[6] or whether a cell moves within or away from tissue. This protein also helps ensure that the chromosome number in cells produced through cell division is correct. The APC protein accomplishes these tasks mainly through association with other proteins, especially those that are involved in cell attachment and signaling. The activity of one protein in particular, beta-catenin, is controlled by the APC protein (see: Wnt signaling pathway). Regulation of beta-catenin prevents genes that stimulate cell division from being turned on too often and prevents cell overgrowth.

The human APC gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 in band q22.2 (5q22.2). The APC gene has been shown to contain an internal ribosome entry site. APC orthologs^[7] have also been identified in all mammals for which complete genome data are available.

////////////////JNJ-64251330, JNJ 64251330, LORPUCITINIB, PHASE 1, CANCER, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli

O=C(NCC(C)(O)C)CC1=NC2=CN=C(NC=C3)C3=C2N1[C@H]4CC[C@H](CC#N)CC4

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ZY 19489, MMV 253

December 16, 2021 11:51 am / Leave a comment

2-N-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-[(3R)-3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-4-N-(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine.png

ZY 19489, MMV 253

C24 H32 FN9, 465.5

CAS 1821293-40-6

MMV253, GTPL10024, MMV674253

N-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-((3R)-2-((1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)-3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine

2-N-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-[(3R)-3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-4-N-(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

N²-(4-Cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-5-[(3R)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]-N⁴-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine
(R)-N²-(4-Cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N⁴-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

Key biological and physical properties of MMV253. logD and in vivo ED90 kindly provided by V. Sambandamurthy, S. Hameed P. and S. Kavanagh, personal communication, 2018

SYN

IN 201721031453

The invention relates to triaminopyrimidine compd. of formula I, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs, optically active forms thereof, in solid state forms useful for preventing or treating malaria. The invention also relates to a process for prepn. of triaminopyrimidine compd. and intermediates thereof. Compd. I was prepd. by condensation of 5-bromouracil with tert-Bu (R)-2-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate to give tert-Bu (R)-4-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate, which underwent chlorination followed by condensation with 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine followed by condensation with 4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-amine hydrochloride to give (R)-N²-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N⁴-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine, which underwent Boc-deprotection followed by methylation to give I.

SYN

WO 2019049021

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019049021

Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium that infect and destroy red blood cells, leading to fever, severe anemia, cerebral malaria and, if untreated, death.

International (PCT) Publication No. WO 2015/165660 (the WO ‘660) discloses triaminopyrimidine compounds, intermediates, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use for preventing or treating malaria. The WO ‘660 discloses a process for preparation of 4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-amine (compound 5) as depicted in scheme-1.

Scheme 1

WO ‘660 discloses a process for preparation of triaminopyrimidine compounds depicted in scheme-2.

WO ‘660 discloses the preparation of compounds 8 and 4 by using microwave technique using Biotage microwave vial. WO ‘660 in example- 13, discloses the isolation of compound 1 by concentration of reaction mixture to obtain crude product, which was purified through reverse phase HPLC GILSON instrument to obtain pure solid compound 1 in 40.8% yield, without providing the purity of the solid compound 1. The process disclosed in WO ‘660 is not industrially advantageous as it requires microwave conditions as well as chromatographic purification and provides compound 1 with lower yields. The compound 1 prepared may not be suitable for pharmaceutical preparations based on various regulatory requirements.

Polymorphism, the occurrence of different crystalline forms, is a property of some molecules. A single molecule can exist in different crystalline forms having distinct physical properties like melting point, thermal behaviors (e.g. measured by thermogravimetric analysis – TGA, or different scanning calorimetry – DSC, Powder x-ray diffraction pattern – PXRD, infrared absorption – IR). One or more these techniques may be used to distinguish different polymorphic forms of a compound.

Different salts and solid states (e.g. solvates, hydrates) of an active pharmaceutical ingredient may possess different physio-chemical properties. Such variation in the properties of different salts and solid states forms may provide a basis for improving formulation, for example, by facilitating better processing or handling characteristics, changing the dissolution profile in a favorable direction, or improving stability (both chemical and polymorph) and shelf-life. These variations in the properties of different salts and solid states forms may offer improvements to the final dosage form for example, to improve bioavailability. Different salts and solid state forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient may also give rise to a variety of polymorphs or crystalline forms or amorphous form, which may in turn provide additional opportunities to assess variations in the properties and characteristics of an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

In view of the above, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of triaminopyrimidine compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or hydrates or solvates or polymorphs or optically active forms thereof, which is industrially scalable, environment friendly and efficient so as to obtain compounds of the invention in higher yields and purity.

The process for the preparation of triaminopyrimidine compound 1 or intermediates thereof of the present invention, takes the advantage by using appropriate solvent systems and isolation techniques as well as purification techniques, thereby to overcome problems of lower yields, chromatography purifications and microwave reactions of the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides solid state forms of triaminopyrimidine compound

Examples: Preparation of Intermediates

Example-1: Preparation of 6-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-2-methylpyridine

In a 250 mL 4N round bottom flask, process water (30 ml) and cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (14.19 g, 164.88 mmol) were added at 25 to 35°C and started stirring. Sulphuric acid (4.4 ml, 82.44 mmol) was charged to the reaction mixture. Silver nitrate (4.18 g, 24.73 mmol), 6-Chloro-3-fluoro-2-methylpyridine (6 g, 41.22 mmol) were charged to the reaction mixture. Aqueous solution of ammonium persulphate (65.85 g, 288.54 mmol in 90 mL water) was added to the reaction mixture in 30 to 60 min at temperature NMT 60 °C. After the completion of the reaction as monitored by HPLC, toluene (30 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture filtered, separated layers from filtrate and extracted aqueous layer using toluene (30 mL). The organic layer was washed with aqueous sodium carbonate solution (30 mL) and water. The organic layer was distilled completely under vacuum at 60 °C to obtain 3.37 g syrupy mass as titled compound.

Example-2: Preparation of 6-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-2-methylpyridine

In a suitable glass assembly, process water (7.5 L) and cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3.55 Kg, 41.24 mol) were added at 25 to 35 °C and stirred. Sulphuric acid (2.02 Kg, 20.59 mol), silver nitrate (1.05 Kg, 6.21 mol), 6-chloro-3-fluoro-2-methylpyridine (1.5 Kg, 10.3 mol) were added to the reaction mixture. Aqueous solution of ammonium persulphate (16.46 g, 72.13 mmol in 22.5 L water) was added to the reaction mixture at 55 to 60 °C and maintained. After the completion of the reaction as monitored by HPLC, toluene (7.5 L) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture was filtered, organic layer was separated and aqueous layer was extracted using toluene (6 L), filtered the reaction mixture and washed the solid with toluene (1.5 L). The combined organic layer was washed with 20% sodium carbonate solution (9 L) and water. The organic layer was concentrated completely under vacuum at 60 °C to obtain 880 g (86.50%) syrupy mass of titled compound.

Example-3: Preparation of N-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-l,l-diphenyl-methanimine

In a 100 mL 3N round bottom flask, 6-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-2-methylpyridine (2.69 g, 14.48 mmol) and toluene (30 mL) were added at 25 to 35 °C. Diphenylmethanimine (3.15 g, 17.38 mmol) was charged to the reaction mixture and stirred for 5-10 min under nitrogen purging. Racemic BINAP (270 mg, 0.43 mmol) and palladium acetate (98 mg, 0.43 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture. Sodium-ie/ -butoxide (2.78 g, 28.96 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and heated to 100 to 110° C under nitrogen. After the completion of the reaction as monitored by HPLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to 25 to 35 °C and filtered over hyflo bed and washed with toluene. The filtrate containing titled compound was preserved for next stage of reaction.

Example-4: Preparation of N-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-l,l-diphenyl-methanimine

In a suitable assembly, 6-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-2-methylpyridine (880) and toluene (7.5 L) were added at 25 to 35 °C. Diphenylmethanimine (787 g, 4.34 mmol) and BOC anhydride (237 g, 1.086 mol) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 5-10 min under nitrogen purging. Racemic BINAP (67.6 g, 0.108 mmol) and palladium acetate (24.4 g, 0.108 mol) were added to the reaction mixture. S odium- ieri-butoxide (870 g, 9.05 mol) was added to the reaction mixture and heated to 100 to 110 °C under nitrogen. After the completion of the reaction as monitored by HPLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to 25 to 35 °C, water (6 L) was added. The reaction mixture was filtered over hyflo bed and washed with toluene. The filtrate containing titled compound was preserved for next stage of reaction.

Example-5: Preparation of 4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-amine hydrochloride monohydrate

In a 100 mL 3N round bottom flask, N-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-l,l-diphenylmethanimine in toluene as obtained in example-3 was added water (25 mL) at 25 to 35° C. The cone. HCl (3 mL) was charged to the reaction mixture and heated to 40 to 50 °C. After the completion of the reaction as monitored by HPLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to 25 to 35 °C. Layers were separated. The aqueous layer was treated with methylene dichloride and pH was adjusted to 7.5 to 8.5 using sodium carbonate solution, stirred for 15 min and layers were separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene dichloride, charcoaled and acidified to pH 3 to 4 with aqueous HCl. The solvent was distilled completely and acetonitrile (9 mL) and ethyl acetate (9 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 25 to 35° C. The product was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The product was dried at 50° C for 4 hours under vacuum to obtain 1.62 g title compound as monohydrate yellow crystalline solid having 99.51% HPLC purity.

Example-6: Preparation of 4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-amine hydrochloride monohydrate

In a suitable glass assembly, N-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-l,l-diphenylmethanimine in toluene as obtained in example-4 was added water (6 L) at 25 to 35° C. The cone. HCl (750 mL) was charged to the reaction mixture and heated to 40 to 50 °C. After the completion of the reaction as monitored by HPLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to 25 to 35 °C. Layers were separated. The aqueous layer was treated with methylene dichloride (3 L) and pH was adjusted to 7.5 to 8.5 using sodium carbonate solution, stirred for 15 min and layers were separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene dichloride (3 L), charcoaled and acidified to pH 3 to 4 with aqueous HCl. The solvent was distilled completely and acetonitrile (1.5 L) and ethyl acetate (1.5 L) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 25 to 35° C. The product was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The product was dried at 50° C for 4 hours under vacuum to obtain 489 g (96.80%) title compound as monohydrate yellow crystalline solid having 99.51% HPLC purity. The crystalline compound is characterized by Powder x-ray diffraction pattern (FIG.5), Differential scanning calorimetry (FIG.6) and Thermogravimetric analysis (FIG.7).

Example 7: Preparation of 2,3-dibromobutanenitrile

In a 2 L round bottom flask, dichloromethane (550 mL) and 2-butenenitrile 110 g

(1.64 mol) were cooled to 20 to 25 °C. A solution of bromine 275 g (1.72 mol) in dichloromethane (220 mL) was dropwise added at 20 to 25 °C. Hydrobromic acid 1.43 ml (0.0082 mol) in acetic acid (33%) solution was added into the reaction mixture and stirred for 4 hours. After the completion of reaction, Na₂S₂0₃ (550 mL) 4% aqueous solution was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. The separated organic layer was distilled under vacuum completely to obtain 364.2 g (97.9%) of title compound as an oil.

Example 8: Preparation of l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-amine

In a 5 L round bottom flask, water (1. 36 L), sodium hydroxide 340 g (8.99 mol) were added and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 to 5°C. A solution of methyl hydrazine sulphate 237.8 g (1.65 mol) in 680 mL water was added dropwise to the reaction mixture and stirred below 10 °C. 2,3-dibromobutanenitrile 340 g (1.5 mol) prepared in example-7 was added and the reaction mixture was stirred below 10 °C for 2 hours. After the completion of reaction, toluene (630 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. The aqueous layer was separated and the organic layer was removed. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (5.1 L). The combined organic layer was distilled completely under vacuum to obtain residue. Diisopropyl ether (680 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 to 5 °C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was filtered, washed with diisopropyl ether and dried to obtained 121.5 g (72.93%) of title compound having 95.63% purity.

Examples: Preparation of triaminopyrimidine compounds

Example-9: Preparation of tert-butyl (R)-4-(2,4-dioxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro- pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpiperazine-l-carboxylate

In 2 L four neck round bottom flask, 1.25 Kg (6.545 mol) 5-bromouracil, 1.87 Kg (9.360 mol) tert-butyl (R)-2-methylpiperazine-l-carboxylate and 5L pyridine were added at 25 to 35° C. The reaction mass was stirred for 15 hours at 115 to 120°C. After completion, the reaction mass was cooled to 25 to 35°C. 12.5 L water was added and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with 2.5 L water and dried to obtain 1.37 Kg (67.4%) of title compound.

Example-10: Preparation of tert-butyl (R)-4-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpiperazine- 1 -carboxylate

In 20 L four neck round bottom flask, 1.36 Kg (4.382 mmol) tert-butyl (R)-4-(2,4-dioxo-1, 2,3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpiperazine-l -carboxylate and 6.8 L phosphorus oxychloride were added at 25 to 35° C. 26.5 mL pyridine (0.329 mol) was added and the reaction mass was heated to 105 to 110 °C and stirred for 4 hours. After the completion of the reaction, phosphorus oxychloride was distilled completely at atmospheric pressure. 2.72 L acetone was added and the reaction mixture was quenched into 4.08 L water. Acetone was removed by distillation under vacuum. 20% sodium carbonate solution was added to adjust pH 7.5-8.5 of the reaction mixture. 1.14 Kg (5.258 mol) di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and 9.52 L ethyl acetate were added and stirred for 2 hours at 25 to 35 °C. After the completion of the reaction, the organic layer was separated and aqueous layer was extracted with 6.8 L ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl layers were distilled to remove ethyl acetate completely under vacuum to obtain residue. 1.36 L isopropyl alcohol was added to the residue and isopropyl alcohol was removed completely. 4.08 L isopropyl alcohol and 6.8 L water were added to the residue and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with water and dried to obtain 1.25 Kg of title compound.

Example-11: Preparation of tert-butyl (R)-4-(2-chloro-4-[(l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-2-methylpiperazine-l-carboxylate

In 20 L round bottom flask, 640 g (1.843 mol) tert-butyl (R)-4-(2, 4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpiperazine-l -carboxylate, 225.3 g (2.027 g) 1,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-amine and 9.6L toluene were added at 25 to 35°C. 1.2 Kg (3.686 mol) cesium carbonate was added. The reaction mixture was purged for 15 min under nitrogen. 12.41 g (0.0553 mol) palladium acetate and 34.43 g (0.0553 mol) racemic 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l’-binaphthyl were added and the reaction mass was maintained for 16 hours at 110 to 115 °C under nitrogen. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite bed and washed the bed with 1.28 L toluene. Toluene was distilled completely and 2.56 L dichlromethane was added. The compound was adsorbed by 1.92 Kg silica gel (60-120 mesh). The dichloromethane was distilled completely under vacuum and 12.8 L mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane was added to the residue and stirred for 2 hours. The silica gel was filtered and the filtrate was distilled completely under vacuum to obtain 595 g title compound.

Example-12: Preparation of tert-butyl (R)-4-(2-((4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4-((l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)amino) pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpiperazine-l-carboxylate

In 20 L round bottom flask, 595 g (1.40 mol) tert-butyl (R)- 4-(2-chloro-4-[(l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-2-methylpiperazine-l-carboxylate, 305 g (1.38 mol) 4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-amine hydrochloride and 11.5 L toluene were added at 25 to 35°C. 1.08 Kg (3.32 mol) cesium carbonate was added. The reaction mixture was purged for 15 min under nitrogen. 17.21 g (27.6 mmol) palladium acetate and 6.21 g (27.6 mmol) racemic 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l, -binaphthyl were added. The reaction mass was stirred for 6 hours at 110 tol l5 °C under nitrogen. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite bed and washed with toluene. The filtrate was used as such in the next step without further treatment.

Example-13: Preparation of tert-butyl (R)-4-(2-((4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4-((l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)amino) pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpiperazine-l-carboxylate

In 500 mL four neck round bottom flask, 7.5 g (17.77 mmol) (R)-tert-butyl 4-(2-chloro-4-[(l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-2-methylpiperazine-l-carboxylate, 3.92 g (17.77 mmol) 4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-amine hydrochloride compound and 150 mL toluene were added at 25 to 35 °C. 20 g (61.3 mmol) cesium carbonate was added. The reaction mixture was purged for 15 min under nitrogen. Then, 130 mg (0.58 mmol) palladium acetate and 360 mg (0.58 mmol) racemic 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l’-binaphthyl were added. The reaction mass was stirred for 18 hours at 110 to 115° C under nitrogen. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite bed and washed with toluene. The filtrate was used as such in the next step without further treatment.

2 4

Example-14: (R)-N -(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N -(1, 5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

In 50 L glass assembly, the filtrate containing tert-butyl (R)-4-(2-((4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4-((l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)amino) pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpiperazine-l-carboxylate from example 13 was taken. 11.5 L water and 1.28 L Cone. HC1 were added at 25 to 35 °C. The reaction mass was stirred for 2 hours at 50 to 55 °C. After the completion of the reaction, reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered over celite bed and washed with water. The separated the aqueous layer from filtrate was basified by using 20% sodium carbonate solution and extracted with 12.8 L methylene dichloride. The organic layer was distilled completely under vacuum to obtain residue. 9.6 L acetonitrile was added to the residue and heated to reflux for 30 min. The reaction mixture was cooled and stirred at 25 to 35 °C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was filtered, washed with 640 mL acetonitrile and dried to obtain 360 g titled compound.

2 4

Example-15: (R)-N -(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N -(1,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

In 250 mL four neck round bottom flask, 4.7 g (10.4 mmol) (R)-N -(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N⁴-(l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine was dissolved in 56 mL ethanol. 1.89 g (23.32 mmol) formaldehyde and 1.44 g (22.90 mmol) sodium cyanoborohydride were added. Adjusted pH 5-6 using acetic acid and stirred the reaction mass at 25 to 35 °C for 2 hours. After completion, ethanol was distilled completely under vacuum. 47 mL water was added to the residue. The reaction mass was basified by 20% sodium carbonate solution and extracted with methylene dichloride. Both the organic layers were combined and distilled completely under vacuum. 94 mL acetonitrile was added to the residue and heated to reflux for 15 min. The reaction mass was cooled to 25 to 35° C and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with 5 mL acetonitrile and dried to obtain 3.7 g title compound as crystalline solid, having HPLC purity of about 99.61%.

2 4

Example-16: (R)-N -(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N -(1,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

In 20 L round bottom flask, 725 g (1.60 mol) (R)-N²-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N⁴-(l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazine-l-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine was dissolved in 6.52 L dichloromethane. 261.5 g (3.2 mol) formaldehyde and 510.4 g (2.4 mol) sodium triacetoxyborohydride were added and stirred the reaction mixture at 25 to 35 °C for 2 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 3.63 L water was added into the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was basified by 20% sodium carbonate solution and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with 1.45 L methylene dichloride. The combined organic layers were distilled completely under vacuum. 14.5 L acetonitrile was added to the residue and heated to reflux for 15 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 to 35° C and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with 1.45 L acetonitrile and dried to obtain 632 g of title compound as crystalline solid having 99.01% HPLC purity. The crystalline compound is characterized by Powder x-ray diffraction pattern (FIG.l) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (FIG.2).

2 4

Example-17: Preparation of (R)-N -(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N -(l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine In a 10 mL round bottom flask, 300 mg (0.644 mmol) (R)-N²-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N⁴-(l,5-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine, 2.7 mL acetonitrile and 0.3 mL water were added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 15 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 to 35 °C and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with acetonitrile and dried to obtain 201 mg (67%) title compound as crystalline solid. The crystalline compound is characterized by Powder x-ray diffraction pattern (FIG.3) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (FIG.4).

SYN

WO 2015165660

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2015165660

Example 13

Synthetic scheme 1

Synthetic scheme 2

(R)-N2-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N4-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

In a 50 mL round-bottomed flask (R)-N2-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N4-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine hydrochloride (190 mg, 0.42 mmol, Example 2) was taken in DCM (2 mL) to give a yellow suspension. To this Hunig’s Base (0.184 mL, 1.05 mmol) was added and the suspension turned clear. After 10 minutes, it turned into a white suspension. After another 10 minutes, the mixture was concentrated to dryness. Resultant residue was dissolved in ethanol (absolute, 99.5%) (3 mL) and formaldehyde (0.042 mL, 0.63 mmol) was added and stirred for 10 minutes. White suspension slowly cleared to yellow solution. To this clear solution sodium cyanoborohydride (26.4 mg, 0.42 mmol) was added in one portion to get white suspension. After 30 minutes LCMS showed completion of reaction. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude was purified through reverse phase HPLC GILSON instrument to get the pure solid of (R)-N2-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N4-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (80 mg, 40.8 %).¹H NMR (300

MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.67 – 0.78 (m, 2 H) 1.00 (d, J=6.22 Hz, 3 H) 1.02 – 1.08 (m, 2 H) 1.96 – 2.10 (m, 1 H) 2.23 (s, 7 H) 2.30 – 2.38 (m, 4 H) 2.73 – 2.96 (m, 4 H) 3.33 (s, 3 H) 6.83 (s, 1 H) 7.67 (d, J=5.09 Hz, 1 H) 8.00 (s, 1 H) 8.03 (s, 1 H) 9.26 (s,1 H) MS (ES⁺), (M+H)⁺ = 466.45 for C₂₁H₃₂FN₉.

SYN

Nature Communications (2015), 6, 6715.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7715

Hameed P., S., Solapure, S., Patil, V. et al. Triaminopyrimidine is a fast-killing and long-acting antimalarial clinical candidate. Nat Commun 6, 6715 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7715

The widespread emergence of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) strains resistant to frontline agents has fuelled the search for fast-acting agents with novel mechanism of action. Here, we report the discovery and optimization of novel antimalarial compounds, the triaminopyrimidines (TAPs), which emerged from a phenotypic screen against the blood stages of Pf. The clinical candidate (compound 12) is efficacious in a mouse model of Pf malaria with an ED₉₉ <30 mg kg⁻¹ and displays good in vivo safety margins in guinea pigs and rats. With a predicted half-life of 36 h in humans, a single dose of 260 mg might be sufficient to maintain therapeutic blood concentration for 4–5 days. Whole-genome sequencing of resistant mutants implicates the vacuolar ATP synthase as a genetic determinant of resistance to TAPs. Our studies highlight the potential of TAPs for single-dose treatment of Pf malaria in combination with other agents in clinical development.

(A) Pyridine, microwave, 150 °C, 45 min. (B) (i) POCl₃, reflux, 6 h (ii) sodium carbonate, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, room temperature, 16 h. (C) N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), ethanol, microwave, 110 °C, 1 h. (D) (i) Potassium tert-butoxide, 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (BINAP), pd₂(dba)₃, toluene, reflux, 12 h. (E) HCl (4 N) in dioxane, 15–30 min. (F) Compound 9, DIPEA, dichloromethane, formaldehyde (HCHO), sodium cyanoborohydride, 15 min.

Synthesis of (R)-N2-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N4-(1, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3, 4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (12). (R)-N2-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N4-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine hydrochloride (compound 9, 190 mg, 0.42 mmol) was taken in dichloromethane (2 ml) to give a yellow suspension. To this Hunig’s Base (0.184 ml, 1.05 mmol) was added and the suspension turned clear. After 10 min of stirring, reaction mixture turned into a white suspension and then it was concentrated to dryness. Resultant residue was dissolved in ethanol (absolute, 99.5%) (3 ml), and formaldehyde (0.042 ml, 0.63 mmol) was added and stirred for 10 min. To this clear solution, sodium cyanoborohydride (26.4 mg, 0.42 mmol) was added in one portion to get a white suspension. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude product was purified through reverse-phase chromatography to get the pure off-white solid of (R)-N2-(4-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N4-(1, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(3,4-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (80 mg, 40.8%). Yield: 40.8%, purity: >95% by HPLC (ultraviolet at 220 and 254 nm). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.26 (s,1H), 8.03 (s, 1H) 8.00 (s, 1H) 7.67 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H) 6.83 (s, 1H) 3.33 (s, 3H) 2.96–2.73 (m, 4H) 2.75–2.50 (m, 1H) 2.38–2.30 (m, 4H) 2.23 (s, 7H) 2.10–1.96 (m, 1H),1.08–1.02 (m, 2H) 1.00 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H) 0.78–0.67 (m, 2H). ¹³C-NMR (126 MHz, DMO-d₆) δ 155.30, 154.67, 152.10, 150.93, 148.98, 146.81. 145.29, 141.95, 140.31, 138.81, 124.91, 106.20, 97.07, 58.78, 51.87, 42.16, 35.28, 17.23. 10.99 and 8.77, HRMS (ESI): m/z calculated for C₂₄H₃₂FN₉+H [M+H]: 466.2765. Found: 466. 2838. Traces of LC-MS, HRMS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C-NMR of compound 12 are shown in Supplementary Figs 1–3.

Product vision	Uncomplicated malaria treatment and resistance management
MoA	Unknown
Key features	Predicted human dose 900mg for a 9-log parasite killing Low resistance potential from in vitro studies
Challenges	Synthesis and cost of goods
Status	First-in-human study started in February 2019
Next milestone	Initiate phase IIb study of ZY19489 with FQ
Previously	Discovery partnership between MMV and AstraZeneca, Bangalore Name AZ13721412; full reference name is MMV674253

Zydus receives Orphan Drug Designation from USFDA for ZY-19489, a novel compound to treat malaria;

https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/zydus-receives-orphan-drug-designation-from-usfda-for-zy-19489-a-novel-compound-to-treat-malaria-stock-down-1-121121600282_1.html

ZY19489 is a novel antimalarial compound active against all current clinical strains of P. falciparum and P. vivax, including drug-resistant strains.

December 16, 2021 11:38 IST | India Infoline News Service

Zydus Cadila listed as Cadila Healthcare Limited announced that its antimalarial compound ZY19489 (MMV253), currently in development together with Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), a leading product development partnership (PDP) in antimalarial drug research, has received Orphan Drug Designation from the USFDA.

Orphan drug designation provides eligibility for certain development incentives, including tax credits for qualified clinical testing, prescription drug user fee exemptions, and seven-year marketing exclusivity upon FDA approval.

The company said that the Phase I study of ZY19489 has demonstrated a long half-life and potential for a single-dose cure for malaria. In a separate malaria challenge trial, potent antimalarial activity has been demonstrated following single-dose oral administration of ZY19489.

“As a global community facing threats from rapidly mutating malaria strains and the rise in artemisinin resistance cases, we have to be prepared with novel therapeutic drugs. ZY-19489 is a potential single dose radical cure for P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria which is a major global health risk today,” Pankaj R. Patel, Chairman, Zydus Group, said.

“ZY19489 is a potent, first in class molecule, originally discovered and elaborated in India” said Dr. Timothy Wells, Chief Scientific Officer, MMV. “It has tremendous potential as part of a new generation of treatments and is fully active against drug resistant strains of malaria which are increasingly a concern.”

Artemisinin resistance is seen as a mounting challenge to the global fight against malaria. ZY19489 is being developed to provide an effective alternative to the current front-line antimalarial drugs for the treatment of P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria, as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are under threat of resistance.

As per the World Malaria Report 2021, there were an estimated 241 million cases of malaria worldwide and the estimated number of malaria deaths stood at 627,000 in 2020. A major health concern, it is estimated that a child dies from malaria every minute. About 96% of malaria deaths globally were in 29 countries. India accounted for about 82% of all malaria deaths in the WHO South-East Asia Region.

CLIP

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331969151_The_past_present_and_future_of_anti-malarial_medicines

Identiﬁed by AstraZeneca in 2015, MMV253 is a novel triaminopyrimidine (TAP) that has shown good

invitro potency and in vivo eﬃcacy, and acts through another novel MoA [81].

High-throughput screening of 500,000 compounds from AstraZeneca’s library against blood stage P. falci–

parum resulted in the identiﬁcation of a promising series of TAPs. e initial hit (M’1, Fig.9) suﬀered from hERG

inhibition and poor solubility which, through lead opti–mization, was improved upon to give a compound that

possessed high potency and desirable pharmacokinetic properties (MMV253).

When screened against numerous mutant resist–ant strains with various mechanisms of resistance,

MMV253 showed no spontaneous reduction in potency which can be attributed to its novel MoA (PfATP4 inhi–

bition, vide infra). Good in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was shown with a predicted human half-life

of ∼36 h (which is long compared to another fast-kill–ing drug, artemisinin, which has a human half-life of 1

hour).

As of late 2016, the pharmaceutical company CadilaHealthcare owns the license for the compound series and

is now doing further lead development in order to pro–gress the drug through preclinical trials [82

81. Hameed PS, Solapure S, Patil V, Henrich PP, Magistrado PA, Bharath S, et al. Triaminopyrimidine is a fast-killing and long-acting antimalarial clinical candidate. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6715.

82. MMV and Zydus join forces to develop new antimalarial 2017. https ://http://www.mmv.org/newsr oom/press -relea ses/mmv-and-zydus -join-forces-devel op-new-antim alari al. Accessed 17 June 2018

////////////ZY 19489, MMV 253, Orphan Drug Designation, PHASE 1, ZYDUS CADILA, ANTIMALARIAL

Cn1nc(Nc2nc(Nc3cc(C4CC4)c(F)c(C)n3)ncc2N2C[C@@H](C)N(C)CC2)cc1C

CC1CN(CCN1C)C2=CN=C(N=C2NC3=NN(C(=C3)C)C)NC4=NC(=C(C(=C4)C5CC5)F)C

XL 114, AUR 104 and XL 102, AUR 102 (NO CONCLUSIONS, ONLY PREDICTIONS)

October 16, 2021 6:01 am / Leave a comment

File:Animated-Flag-India.gif - Wikimedia Commons

XL 114

FOR BOTH, JUST PREDICTION

PREDICTIONS

N[C@@H](CO)c1nc(on1)[C@@H](NC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)C(C)O)CC(N)=O

(2S)-2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamoylamino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

CAS 2305027-62-5

C₁₂ H₂₀ N₆ O_{7, 360.32}Threonine, N-[[[(1S)-3-amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]amino]carbonyl]-, (2S,3ξ)-N[C@@H](CO)c1nc(on1)[C@@H](NC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)C(C)O)CC(N)=O

ALSO SEE

(2S,3R)-2-[[(1S)-3-Amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamoylamino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acid.png

1673534-76-3C₁₂ H₂₀ N₆ O_{7, 360.32}
L-Threonine, N-[[[(1S)-3-amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]amino]
(2S,3R)-2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamoylamino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acidN-[[[(1S)-3-Amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]amino]carbonyl]-L-threonine

CAS 1673534-76-3

PD-1-IN-1 free base, EX-A1918, CS-6240, NSC-799645, CA-170 (AUPM-170)|PDL1 inhibitor, HY-101093, PD-1-IN-1

N[C@@H](CO)c1nc(on1)[C@@H](NC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O)CC(N)=O

XL 114, AUR 104

A novel covalent inhibitor of FABP5 for cancer therapy

XL 102, AUR 102

A potent, selective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7)

NO CONCLUSIONS, ONLY PREDICTIONS

PREDICTIONS MORE

(2R,3R)-2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-[3-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamoylamino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

C12H20N6O7, 360.32

(2S,3S)-2-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-[3-[(1S)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamoylamino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

XL102, AUR 102

XL102 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable covalent inhibitor of CDK7, which is an important regulator of the cellular transcriptional and cell cycle machinery. CDK7 helps regulate cell cycle progression, with overexpression observed in multiple cancers, such as breast, prostate and ovarian cancers. In preclinical studies, XL102 revealed potent anti-proliferative activity, induced cell death in a large panel of cancer cell lines and caused tumor growth inhibition and regression in xenograft models, demonstrating its potential as a targeted antitumor agent.

In late 2020, Exelixis exercised its option to in-license XL102 (formerly AUR102) from Aurigene per the companies’ July 2019 collaboration, option and license agreement. Exelixis has assumed responsibility for the future clinical development, manufacturing and commercialization of XL102. Aurigene retains limited development and commercial rights for India and Russia.

SYN

ABOUT Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs)

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are involved in binding and storing hydrophobic ligands such as long-chain fatty acids, as well as transporting them to the appropriate compartments in the cell. Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP5) is an intracellular lipid-binding protein that is abundantly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages. Previous studies have revealed that the FABP5 expression level is closely related to malignancy in various types of cancer. However, its precise functions in the metabolisms of cancer cells remain unclear. Here, we revealed that FABP5 knockdown significantly induced downregulation of the genes expression, such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), elongation of long-chain fatty acid member 6 (Elovl6), and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1), which are involved in altered lipid metabolism, lipolysis, and de novo FA synthesis in highly aggressive prostate and breast cancer cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that FABP5 induced inflammation and cytokine production through the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway activated by reactive oxygen species and protein kinase C in PC-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, FABP5 might regulate lipid quality and/or quantity to promote aggressiveness such as cell growth, invasiveness, survival, and inflammation in prostate and breast cancer cells. In the present study, we have revealed for the first time that high expression of FABP5 plays a critical role in alterations of lipid metabolism, leading to cancer development and metastasis in highly aggressive prostate and breast cancer cells.

Fatty acid-binding protein, epidermal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FABP5 gene

Function

This gene encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in epidermal cells, and was first identified as being upregulated in psoriasis tissue. Fatty acid binding proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. It is thought that FABPs roles include fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism.^[6]

The phytocannabinoids (THC and CBD) inhibit endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) uptake by targeting FABP5, and competition for FABPs may in part or wholly explain the increased circulating levels of endocannabinoids reported after consumption of cannabinoids.^[7] Results show that cannabinoids inhibit keratinocyte proliferation, and therefore support a potential role for cannabinoids in the treatment of psoriasis.^[8]

Interactions

FABP5 has been shown to interact with S100A7.^[

ABOUT CD47/SIRPa axis

CD47/SIRPa axis is established as a critical regulator of myeloid cell activation and serves as an immune checkpoint for macrophage mediated phagocytosis. Because of its frequent upregulation in several cancers, CD47 contributes to immune evasion and cancer progression. CD47 regulates phagocytosis primarily through interactions with SIRPla expressed on macrophages. Blockade of SIRPla/CD47 has been shown to dramatically enhance tumor cell phagocytosis and dendritic cells maturation for better antigen presentation leading to substantially improved antitumor responses in preclinical models of cancer (M. P. Chao et al. Curr Opin Immunol. 2012 (2): 225-232). Disruption of CD47-SIRPa interaction is now being evaluated as a therapeutic strategy for cancer with the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting CD47 or SIRPa and engineered receptor decoys.

CD47 is expressed on virtually all non-malignant cells, and blocking the CD47 or the loss of CD47 expression or changes in membrane distribution can serve as markers of aged or damaged cells, particularly on red blood cells (RBC). Alternatively, blocking SIRPa also allows engulfment of targets that are not normally phagocytosed, for those cells where pre-phagocytic signals are also present. CD47 is a broadly expressed transmembrane glycoprotein with a single Ig-like domain and five membrane- spanning regions, which functions as a cellular ligand for SIRPa with binding mediated through the NH₂-terminal V-like domain of SIRPa. SIRPa is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, including macrophages, granulocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, and their precursors, including hematopoietic stem cells.

CD47 is also constitutively upregulated on a number of cancers such as Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast, colon, glioblastoma, glioma, ovarian, bladder and prostate cancers, etc. Overexpression of CD47 by tumor cells, which efficiently helps them to escape immune surveillance and killing by innate immune cells. However, in most of the tumor types, blockade of the CD47-SIRPa interaction as a single agent may not be capable of inducing significant phagocytosis and antitumor immunity, necessitating the need to combine with other therapeutic agents. The concomitant engagement of activating receptors such as Fc-receptors (FcRs) or other prophagocytic receptors (collectively known as “eat-me” signals) may be necessary for exploiting the maximum potential of the CD-47-SIPRa pathway blockade.

The role of engagement of prophagocytic receptors is proved by inefficiency to trigger phagocytosis either by anti-CD47 F(ab) fragments, single chain variable fragments of CD-47 or non-Fc portion- containing SIRPa proteins in blocking of the CD47-SIRPa interaction. When activating prophagocytic receptors are engaged, as evident in the case of using Fc portion-containing blocking anti-CD47 antibodies, CD47- SIRPa blockade is able to trigger more efficient phagocytosis. Combining CD47-SIRPa blocking agents with therapeutic antibodies (Fc-containing) targeting tumor antigens stimulate activating Fc receptors (FcRs) leading to efficient phagocytosis. The Fc portion of therapeutic antibody targeting tumor antigen also induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which also adds to the therapeutic efficacy. Hence antibodies selected from the group consisting of rituximab, herceptin, trastuzumab, alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab, daratumumab due to its tumor targeting nature and ADCC, can trigger more efficient phagocytosis.

Earlier approaches to disrupt CD47- SIRPa interaction utilized monoclonal antibodies targeting CD47 or SIRPa and engineered receptor decoys fused to Fc fragment. However, a concern with this approach is that CD47 is highly expressed on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic normal cells. Hence along with tumor cells CD47-SIRPa blocking agents containing Fc-portion may also target many normal cells potentially leading to their elimination by macrophages. The interaction of blocking antibodies with normal cells is considered as a major safety issue resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. These agents may also affect solid tissues rich in macrophages such as liver, lung, and brain. Hence it may be ideal to block the CD47- SIRPa interaction by agents devoid of Fc portion, such as small

molecules, peptides, Fab fragments etc. while activating prophagocytic receptors in tumor cells by appropriate combinations to induce efficient phagocytosis of tumor cells.

Apart from Fc Receptors, a number of other prophagocytic receptors are also reported to promote engulfment of tumor cells in response to CD47-SIRPa blockade by triggering the phagocytosis. These include receptors for SLAMF7, Mac-l, calreticulin and possibly yet to identified receptors. B cell tumor lines such as Raji and other diffuse large B cell lymphoma express SLAMF7 and are implicated in triggering prophagocytic signals during CD47-SIRPa blockade.

Therapeutic agents known to activate prophagocytic receptors are also therefore ideal partners for use in combination with CD47-SIRPa blocking agents to achieve efficient phagocytosis. These agents include proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, ixazomib and carfilzomib), Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Daunorubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone) Oxaliplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Bleomycin, Vorinostat, Paclitaxel, 5-Fluorouracil, Cytarabine, BRAF inhibitory drugs (Dabrafenib, Vemurafenib), PI3K inhibitor, Docetaxel, Mitomycin C, Sorafenib, Tamoxifen and oncolytic viruses.

Apart from the specific agents known to have effect on‘eat me’ signals other agents including Abiraterone acetate, Afatinib, Aldesleukin, Aldesleukin, Alemtuzumab, Anastrozole, Axitinib, Belinostat, Bendamustine, Bicalutamide, Blinatumomab, Bosutinib, Brentuximab, Busulfan, Cabazitaxel, Capecitabine, Carboplatin, Carfilzomib, Carmustine, Ceritinib, Clofarabine, Crizotinib, Dacarbazine, Dactinomycin, Dasatinib, Degarelix, Denileukin, Denosumab, Enzalutamide, Eribulin, Erlotinib, Everolimus, Exemestane, Exemestane, Fludarabine, Fulvestrant, Gefitinib, Goserelin, Ibritumomab, Imatinib, Ipilimumab, Irinotecan, Ixabepilone, Lapatinib, Lenalidomide, Letrozole, Leucovorin, Leuprolide, Lomustine, Mechlorethamine, Megestrol, Nelarabine, Nilotinib, Nivolumab, Olaparib, Omacetaxine, Palbociclib, Pamidronate, Panitumumab, Panobinostat, Pazopanib, Pegaspargase, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed Disodium, Pertuzumab, Plerixafor, Pomalidomide, Ponatinib, Pralatrexate, Procarbazine, Radium 223, Ramucirumab, Regorafenib, rIFNa-2b, Romidepsin, Sunitinib, Temozolomide, Temsirolimus, Thiotepa, Tositumomab, Trametinib, Vinorelbine, Methotrexate, Ibrutinib, Aflibercept, Toremifene, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Idelalisib, Mercaptopurine and Thalidomide could potentially have effect on‘eat me’ signal pathway on combining with CD-47-SIRPa blocking agents.

In addition to the therapeutic agents mentioned above, other treatment modalities that are in use in cancer therapy also activate prophagocytic receptors, and thus can be combined with CD47-SIRPa blocking agents to achieve efficient phagocytosis. These include Hypericin-based photodynamic therapy (Hyp-PDT), radiotherapy, High-hydrostatic pressure, Photofrin-based PDT and Rose Bengal acetate -based PDT.

However, there is an unmet need for combining small molecule CD-47-SIRPa pathway inhibitors with agents capable of stimulating activating receptors such as Fc-receptors (FcRs) or other prophagocytic receptors, or combining with other treatment modalities that are in use in cancer therapy to activate prophagocytic receptors for exploiting the maximum potential of the CD-47- SIRPa pathway blockade.

CLIP

Exelixis In-Licenses Second Anti-Cancer Compound from Aurigene Following FDA Acceptance of Investigational New Drug Application for Phase 1 Clinical Trial in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

– Robust preclinical data support Exelixis’ clinical development of XL114, with phase 1 trial in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma expected to begin in the coming months –

– Exelixis will make an option exercise payment of $10 million to Aurigene –

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211014005549/en/Exelixis-In-Licenses-Second-Anti-Cancer-Compound-from-Aurigene-Following-FDA-Acceptance-of-Investigational-New-Drug-Application-for-Phase-1-Clinical-Trial-in-Non-Hodgkin%E2%80%99s-LymphomaOctober 14, 2021 08:00 AM Eastern Daylight Time

ALAMEDA, Calif.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Exelixis, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXEL) and Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited (Aurigene) today announced that Exelixis has exercised its exclusive option under the companies’ July 2019 agreement to in-license XL114 (formerly AUR104), a novel anti-cancer compound that inhibits the CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signaling pathway, which promotes lymphocyte survival and proliferation. Exelixis has now assumed responsibility for the future clinical development, commercialization and global manufacturing of XL114. Following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) recent acceptance of its Investigational New Drug (IND) application, Exelixis will soon initiate a phase 1 clinical trial evaluating XL114 monotherapy in patients with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). At the American Association of Cancer Research Annual Meeting in April of this year, Aurigene presented preclinical data (Abstract 1266) demonstrating that XL114 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity in a large panel of cancer cell lines ranging from hematological cancers to solid tumors with excellent selectivity over normal cells. In addition, oral dosing of XL114 resulted in significant dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and colon carcinoma models.

“We are pleased that our agreement with Aurigene has generated a second promising compound that warrants advancement into clinical development and believe the collaboration will continue to play an important role in expanding our pipeline”

XL114 is the second molecule that Exelixis in-licensed from Aurigene under the companies’ July 2019 collaboration, option and license agreement. Exelixis previously exercised its option to in-license XL102, a potent, selective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), from Aurigene in December 2020 and initiated a phase 1 trial of XL102 as a single agent and in combination with other anti-cancer agents in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors in January 2021.

“We are pleased that our agreement with Aurigene has generated a second promising compound that warrants advancement into clinical development and believe the collaboration will continue to play an important role in expanding our pipeline,” said Peter Lamb, Ph.D., Executive Vice President, Scientific Strategy and Chief Scientific Officer, Exelixis. “XL114 has shown potent anti-proliferative activity in lymphoma cell lines that have aberrant activation of the CBM signaling pathway and may have a differentiated profile and potential as a best-in-class molecule that could improve outcomes for patients with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other hematologic cancers.”

XL114 was identified to have anti-proliferative activity in cell lines with constitutive activation of CBM signaling, including activated B-cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma cell lines. Further characterization of XL114 in cell-based assays demonstrated a functional role in B-cell (BCR) signaling pathways. Additionally, XL114 showed dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in an ABC-DLBCL mouse xenograft tumor model. In preclinical development, XL114 also demonstrated a high degree of selectivity against a broad safety pharmacology panel of enzymes and receptors. While the precise molecular mechanism underlying XL114’s function in repressing BCR signaling and MALT1 activation has yet to be characterized, the fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) has been identified as a prominent XL114-binding target.

“XL114 is the second molecule that Exelixis has opted to in-license under our July 2019 agreement, underscoring the significant potential of our approach to the discovery and preclinical development of innovative cancer therapies that target novel mechanisms of action,” said Murali Ramachandra, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer, Aurigene. “Exelixis has a track record of success in the clinical development and commercialization of anti-cancer therapies that provide patients with important new treatment options, and we are pleased that the continued advancement of XL114 will be supported by the company’s extensive clinical, regulatory and commercialization infrastructure.”

Under the terms of the July 2019 agreement, Exelixis made an upfront payment of $10 million for exclusive options to obtain an exclusive license from Aurigene to three preexisting programs, including the compounds now known as XL102 and XL114. In addition, Exelixis and Aurigene initiated three Aurigene-led drug discovery programs on mutually agreed upon targets, in exchange for an additional upfront payment of $2.5 million per program. The collaboration was expanded in 2021 to include three additional early discovery programs. Exelixis is also contributing research funding to Aurigene to facilitate discovery and preclinical development work on all nine programs. Exelixis may exercise its option for a program at any time up until the first IND for the program becomes effective. Having exercised options on two programs thus far (XL102 and XL114), if and when Exelixis exercises a future option, it will make an option exercise payment to Aurigene and assume responsibility for that program’s future clinical development and commercialization including global manufacturing. To exercise its option for XL114, Exelixis will make an option exercise payment to Aurigene of $10 million. Once Exelixis exercises its option for a program, Aurigene will be eligible for clinical development, regulatory and sales milestones, as well as royalties on future potential sales of the compound. Under the terms of the agreement, Aurigene retains limited development and commercial rights for India and Russia.

About Aurigene

Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited is a development stage biotech company engaged in discovery and clinical development of novel and best-in-class therapies to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases and a wholly owned subsidiary of Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (BSE: 500124, NSE: DRREDDY, NYSE: RDY, NSEIFSC: DRREDDY). Aurigene is focused on precision-oncology, oral immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the Th-17 pathway. Aurigene’s programs currently in clinical development include an oral ROR-gamma inhibitor AUR101 for moderate to severe psoriasis in phase 2 under a U.S. FDA IND and a PD-L1/VISTA antagonist CA-170 for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in phase 2b/3 in India. Additionally, Aurigene has multiple compounds at different stages of pre-clinical development. Aurigene has also partnered with several large and mid-pharma companies in the U.S. and Europe and has multiple programs in clinical development. For more information, please visit Aurigene’s website at www.aurigene.com.

About Exelixis

Founded in 1994, Exelixis, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXEL) is a commercially successful, oncology-focused biotechnology company that strives to accelerate the discovery, development and commercialization of new medicines for difficult-to-treat cancers. Following early work in model system genetics, we established a broad drug discovery and development platform that has served as the foundation for our continued efforts to bring new cancer therapies to patients in need. Our discovery efforts have resulted in four commercially available products, CABOMETYX^® (cabozantinib), COMETRIQ^® (cabozantinib), COTELLIC^® (cobimetinib) and MINNEBRO^® (esaxerenone), and we have entered into partnerships with leading pharmaceutical companies to bring these important medicines to patients worldwide. Supported by revenues from our marketed products and collaborations, we are committed to prudently reinvesting in our business to maximize the potential of our pipeline. We are supplementing our existing therapeutic assets with targeted business development activities and internal drug discovery – all to deliver the next generation of Exelixis medicines and help patients recover stronger and live longer. Exelixis is a member of the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) MidCap 400 index, which measures the performance of profitable mid-sized companies. In November 2020, the company was named to Fortune’s 100 Fastest-Growing Companies list for the first time, ranking 17^th overall and the third-highest biopharmaceutical company. For more information about Exelixis, please visit www.exelixis.com, follow @ExelixisInc on Twitter or like Exelixis, Inc. on Facebook.

Dinesh Chikkanna

Director, Medicinal Chemistry Aurigene Discovery Technologies

Murali Ramachandra

CEO at Aurigene Discovery Technologies

CLIP

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/81/13_Supplement/1266

Abstract 1266: Discovery and preclinical evaluation of a novel covalent inhibitor of FABP5 for cancer therapyDinesh Chikkanna, Leena Khare Satyam, Sunil Kumar Pnaigrahi, Vinayak Khairnar, Manoj Pothuganti, Lakshmi Narayan Kaza, Narasimha Raju Kalidindi, Vijaya Shankar Nataraj, Aditya Kiran Gatta, Narasimha Rao Krishnamurthy, Sandeep Patil, DS Samiulla, Kiran Aithal, Vijay Kamal Ahuja, Nirbhay Kumar Tiwari, KB Charamannna, Pravin Pise, Thomas Anthony, Kavitha Nellore, Sanjeev Giri, Shekar Chelur, Susanta Samajdar and Murali Ramachandra
DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-1266 Published July 2021
Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA

Abstract

Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism is thought to be a hallmark of cancer, wherein fatty acids function both as an energy source and as signals for enzymatic and transcriptional networks contributing to malignancy. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is an intracellular protein that facilitates transport of fatty acids and plays a role in regulating the expression of genes associated with cancer progression such as cell growth, survival, and metastasis. Overexpression of FABP5 has been reported to contribute to an aggressive phenotype and a poor survival correlation in several cancers. Therefore, inhibition of FABP5 is considered as a therapeutic approach for cancers. Phenotypic screening of a library of covalent compounds for selective sensitivity of cancer cells followed by medicinal chemistry optimization resulted in the identification of AUR104 with desirable properties. Chemoproteomic-based target deconvolution revealed FABP5 as the cellular target of AUR104. Covalent adduct formation with Cys43 of FABP5 by AUR104 was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Target occupancy studies using a biotin-tagged AUR104 demonstrated potent covalent binding to FABP5 in both cell-free and cellular conditions. Ligand displacement assay with a fluorescent fatty acid probe confirmed the competitive binding mode of AUR104 with fatty acids. Binding at the fatty acid site and covalent bond formation with Cys43 were also demonstrated by crystallography. Furthermore, AUR104 showed a high degree of selectivity against a broad safety pharmacology panel of enzymes and receptors. AUR104 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity in a large panel of cell lines derived from both hematological and solid cancers with a high degree of selectivity over normal cells. Anti-proliferative activity in lymphoma cell lines correlated with inhibition of MALT1 pathway activity, cleavage of RelB/Bcl10 and secretion of cytokines, IL-10 and IL-6. AUR104 displayed desirable drug-like properties and dose-dependent oral exposure in pharmacokinetic studies. Oral dosing with AUR104 resulted in dose-dependent anti-tumor activity in DLBCL (OCI-LY10) and NSCLC (NCI-H1975) xenograft models. In a repeated dose MTD studies in rodents and non-rodents, AUR104 showed good tolerability with an exposure multiple of >500 over cellular EC₅₀ for up to 8 hours. In summary, we have identified a novel covalent FABP5 inhibitor with optimized properties that showed anti-tumor activity in in vitro and in vivo models with acceptable safety profile. The data presented here strongly support clinical development of AUR104.

Citation Format: Dinesh Chikkanna, Leena Khare Satyam, Sunil Kumar Pnaigrahi, Vinayak Khairnar, Manoj Pothuganti, Lakshmi Narayan Kaza, Narasimha Raju Kalidindi, Vijaya Shankar Nataraj, Aditya Kiran Gatta, Narasimha Rao Krishnamurthy, Sandeep Patil, DS Samiulla, Kiran Aithal, Vijay Kamal Ahuja, Nirbhay Kumar Tiwari, KB Charamannna, Pravin Pise, Thomas Anthony, Kavitha Nellore, Sanjeev Giri, Shekar Chelur, Susanta Samajdar, Murali Ramachandra. Discovery and preclinical evaluation of a novel covalent inhibitor of FABP5 for cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1266.

Patent

US20200147054 – COMBINATION OF SMALL MOLECULE CD-47 INHIBITORS WITH OTHER ANTI-CANCER AGENTS

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US294690878&tab=NATIONALBIBLIO

Muralidhara Ramachandra
Pottayil Govindan Nair Sasikumar
Girish Chandrappa Daginakatte
Kiran Aithal Balkudru

PATENT

WO 2020095256

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020095256

Example- 1: The synthetic procedures for the preparation of compounds described in the present invention were described in co-pending Indian provisional patent application 201841001438 dated 12* Jan 2018, which is converted as PCT application

PCT/IB2019/050219, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

PATENT

WO 2018178947https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2018178947&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION

PATENT

WO 2019138367

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019138367

PATENT

WO 2019073399

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2019073399A1/en

Priority to IN201741036169

Example 4 of WO 2015/033299

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/BR112020014202A2/en

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PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019142126&_fid=IN306692801

The present invention relates to substituted alkynylene compounds represented by compound of formula (I) pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof. The present invention further provides the methods of preparation of compound of formula (I) and therapeutic uses thereof as anti-cancer agents.

Patent

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US248874724&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION

Example 1

(((S)-4-amino-1-(3-((S)-1,5-diaminopentyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-oxobutyl)carbamoyl)-L-proline (Compound 1)

Synthesis of Compound 1 b

Ethylchloroformate (2.47 mL, 25.9 mmol) and NMM (2.9 mL, 25.9 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 1a (6.0 g, 17.3 mmol) in THF (60 mL) and stirred at −20° C. for 20 min. After 20 minutes 25% of aq.ammonia (24 mL) was added to the active mixed anhydride resulting from the reaction and the reaction mass was stirred at 0-5° C. for 30 min. The completeness of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with NaHCO ₃solution followed by citric acid solution and brine solution. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 5.6 g of compound 1 b. LCMS: 346.4 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 1C

Trifluroacetic anhydride (6.85 mL, 48.6 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 1b (5.6 g, 16.2 mmol), pyridine (7.84 mL, 97.2 mmol) in DCM (60 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for an hour. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and CH ₂Cl ₂. The organic layer was washed with NaHCO ₃solution followed by citric acid and brine solution. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 5.42 g of compound 1c, which was used for next step directly.

Synthesis of Compound 1d

Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.43 g, 49.5 mmol), water (10 mL) and K ₂CO ₃(4.54 g, 32.9 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 1c (5.4 g, 16.5 mmol) in EtOH (60 mL) and stirred at room temperature for overnight. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. After the completion of reaction, the compound from the water was extracted by using the CH ₂Cl ₂followed washing the organic layer with water, brine and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 5.8 g of compound 1d. LCMS: 361.3 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 1f

HOBt (3.24 g, 24.0 mmol) and DIC (3.36 mL, 24.0 mmol) were added to a solution of Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH (compound 1e) (9.83 g, 16.1 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) at 0° C. and stirred for 15 min. Compound 1d (5.8 g, 16.1 mmol) was added to the reaction mass at the same temperature and the resulting mixture was stirred for an hour at the same temperature, followed by stirring at room temperature for an additional 2 h. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice water; precipitated white solid was filtered; washed with water (150 mL) and dried under high under reduced pressure to yield 8.62 g of compound 1f. LCMS: 953.7 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 1g

Acetic acid (5 mL) was added to a solution of compound 1f (5.0 g, 5.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 ml) at room temperature and the reaction mass was refluxed at 85° C. for 12 h. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain crude semi solid which was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with NaHCO ₃solution followed by citric acid and brine solution. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄; filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain crude solid. Compound was purified using column chromatography to yield 4.3 g of title compound. LCMS: 935.6 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 1h

Compound 1g (4.3 g, 4.5 mmol) was added to a solution of 20% piperidine in DMF (20 mL) at 0° C. and the reaction mass was stirred at same temperature for an hour. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with ice-cold water and the resulting white precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum. The crude product obtained was diluted with hexane, stirred and filtered to yield 3.0 g of compound 1h. LCMS: 713.4 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 1i

Pyridine (0.33 mL, 4.2 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 1h (1.5 g, 2.1 mmol) in CH ₂Cl ₂(15 mL) and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.84 g, 4.2 mmol) in CH ₂Cl ₂(15 mL) was added to the above mixture and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for an hour. After completion of reaction (confirmed by TLC), it was diluted with CH ₂Cl ₂(50 mL) and washed with water (100 mL×2), 1N HCl (100 mL×2), water followed by brine solution (100 mL×2). The organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄; filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 0.72 g compound 1i, which was taken to the next step without any further purification. LCMS: 878.9 [M-100].

Synthesis of compound 1j

TEA (0.34 mL, 2.46 mm) was added to a solution of H-Pro-O ^tBu.HCl (0.21 g, 1.23 mmol) and compound 1i (0.72 g, 0.82 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at room temperature and stirred for 12 h. The volatiles were evaporated and portioned between ethyl acetate and water. The reaction mixture was diluted with ice cold water and extracted with EtOAc. The Organic layer was separated and dried over Na ₂SO ₄and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude compound obtained was purified by column chromatography and compound elutes in 50% of ethyl acetate in hexane. Yield: 0.5 g of compound 1j. LCMS: 910.6 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 1

Compound 1j (0.5 g, 0.55 mmol) was added to a cocktail mixture (10 m L) of TFA:TIPS:H ₂O (95:2.5:2.5) and was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The resulting reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, diluted with diethyl ether and filtered to yield 0.2 g of crude compound 1. The crude solid material was purified by preparative HPLC method described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 412.2 [M+H] ⁺. HPLC t _R(min): 9.6.

Example 2

(S)-4-(3-((S)-1-amino-4-guanidinobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-(3-((S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl) ureido)butanoic acid (Compound 7)

Synthesis of Compound 2b

Ethylchloroformate (1.75 mL, 18.23 mmol) and NMM (2.0 mL, 18.23 mmol) were added into a solution of compound 2a (8.0 g, 15.18 mmol) in THF (45 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at −20° C. for 20 min. After 20 minutes 25% of aqueous ammonia (25 mL) was added to the active mixed anhydride generated and stirred at 0-5° C. for 30 min. The completeness of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with NaHCO ₃solution followed by citric acid solution and brine solution. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 7.1 g of compound 2b. LCMS: 526.3 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2c

Trifluroacetic anhydride (TFAA) (2.83 mL, 20.26 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 2b (7.1 g, 13.51 mmol) in pyridine (7.08 g, 87.80 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with citric acid and brine solution. The separated organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude solid was purified via column chromatography (60-120 silicagel) to yield 5.8 g of compound 2c. LCMS: 508.3 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2d

Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.56 g, 22.50 mmol), water (30 mL) and potassium carbonate (3.11 g, 11.25 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 2c (5.8 g, 11.25 mmol) in EtOH (60 mL) and stirred at 90° C. for 3 h. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na ₂SO ₄then filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure, the solid obtained was washed with 20% ethyl acetate to yield 6.1 g of compound 2d. LCMS: 541.3 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2f

HOBt (2.28 g, 16.9 mmol) and DIC (2.62 mL, 16.9 mmol) were added to a solution of Fmoc-Glu(O ^tBu)-OH (compound 2e) (4.0 g, 9.02 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) at 0° C. and the resulting mixture was stirred for 15 min. Then compound 2d (6.1 g, 11.28 mmol) was added to the above mixture at the same temperature and the reaction mixture was continued stirring for an hour and then at room temperature for 2 h. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice cold water, the precipitated white solid was filtered, washed with water (150 mL) and dried under high under reduced pressure. The solid was taken into 10% MeOH in DCM and washed the organic layer with 10% NaHCO ₃, water and brine solution. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 8.0 g of compound 2f. LCMS: 948.7 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2g

Acetic acid (7 mL) was added to a solution of compound 2f (7.0 g, 7.38 mmol) in THF (70 ml) at room temperature and the resulting mixture was refluxed at 70° C. for 12 h. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain crude semi solid which was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with NaHCO ₃solution followed by brine solution. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to get crude solid. The compound was purified by column chromatography (60-120 silicagel) to yield 5.4 g of compound 2g. LCMS: 930.5 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2h

Compound 2g (5.4 g, 5.80 mmol) was added to a solution of 50% piperidine in DMF (20 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at same temperature for 2 h. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The reaction mass was quenched with water (100 mL), the resulted precipitate was filtered. The solid obtained was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed the organic layer with 10% NaHCO ₃, water and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product obtained was diluted with hexane and the resulted precipitate was filtered followed by washing with hexane to obtain 3.0 g of compound 2h. LCMS 708.6 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 2i

Pyridine (0.75 mL, 9.3 mmol) was added to a solution of H-Phe-O ^tBu.HCl (2.0 g, 7.75 mmol) in CH ₂Cl ₂(20 mL) was added pyridine and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. To this reaction mixture a solution of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (1.87 g, 9.30 mmol) in CH ₂Cl ₂(20 mL) was added and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion of reaction (confirmed by TLC) it was diluted with CH ₂Cl ₂(50 mL) and washed with water (100 mL×2), 10% citric acid (100 mL×2), water (100 mL), followed by brine solution (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na ₂SO ₄, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 1.7 g compound 2i, which was taken to the next step without any further purification.

Synthesis of Compound 2j

TEA (0.29 mL, 2.1 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 2h (1.0 g, 1.41 mmol) and compound 2i (0.54 g, 1.41 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at room temperature and stirred for 3 h. The volatiles were evaporated and portioned between EtOAc and water. The reaction mixture was diluted with ice cold water and extracted with EtOAc followed by washing with 10% K ₂CO ₃(100 mL×4), water and brine solution. Organic layer separated and dried over Na ₂SO ₄and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product obtained was diluted with hexane and the resulted precipitate was filtered followed by washing with hexane yielded 0.98 g of compound 2j. LCMS: 955.6 [M+H] ⁺.

Synthesis of Compound 7

Compound 2j (0.5 g, 5.2 mmol) was added to cocktail mixture (5 m L) of trifluoroacetic: TIPS: water (95:2.5:2.5). The cleavage solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The resulting reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, diluted with diethyl ether and filtered to yield 0.34 g of crude compound 2. The crude solid material was purified by preparative HPLC method as described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 491.1 [M+H] ⁺. HPLC t _R: (min): 11.1

PATENT

WO 2015/033299

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2015033299A1/en?oq=WO+2015%2f033299

Pottayil Govindan Nair Sasikumar Muralidhara Ramachandra Seetharamaiah Setty Sudarshan Naremaddepalli

Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1

Step la:

Ethylchloroformate (1.5 g, 13.78 mniol) and N-Methylmorpholine ( 1.4 g, 13.78 mmol) were added to a solution of compound la (3 g, 11.48 mmol) in THE (30 mL) arid stirred at -20 °C. After 20 min. Liquid ammonia (0.77 g, 45.92 mmol) was added to the active mixed anhydride formed in- situ and stirred at 0-5 °C for 20 min. The completeness of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with NaHCOs, citric acid, brine solution, dried over Na₂S0₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure to get 2.9 g of compound lb (Yield: 96.3%). LCMS: 261.0 ( Vi+H ; .

Step lb:

1 b 1cTrifluroacetic anhydride (9.7 g, 46.0 mmol) was added to a solution of compound lb (8 g, 30.7 mmol) in pyridine (24.3 g, 307.0 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The completeness of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with NaHCO_?,, citric acid, brine solution, dried over Na₂-S04 and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford 7 g of compound lc (Yield: 94.0%). LCMS: 187.2 (M-¾u )⁺.

Step lc:

1 c 1dHydroxylamine hydrochloride (3 g, 43.37 mmol) and potassium carbonate (6 g, 43.37 mmol) were added to a solution of compound lc (7 g, 28.91 mmol) in EtOH (70 m L) and stirred at 90 °C for 2 h. The completeness of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na₂S0₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Eluent: 0-5% ethyl acetate in hexane) to get 4.2 g of compound Id (Yield: 52.8%). LCMS: 276.4 (M+H)⁺.Step Id:

Deoxo-Fluor® (1.83 g, 8.3 mmol) was added to a solution of Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH (4.5 g, 7.5 mmol) in CH₂Q₂ (50 mL) and stirred at 0 °C for 3 h. Then CH₂CI₂ was evaporated and triturated with hexane, decanted and evaporated under vacuum to get the corresponding acid fluoride. NMM (1.17 g, 1 1.6 mmol) and compound Id (1.6 g, 5.8 mmol) in THF were added to the acid fluoride and stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Then THF was evaporated and sodium acetate (0.72 g, 8.7 mmol) was added followed by EtOH (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 2 h. The completeness of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with NaHCOa, citric acid, brine solution, dried over Na₂S0₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure, which was further purified by silica gel column chromatography (Eluent: 0-5% ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford 2.8 g of compound le (Yield: 44.4%). LCMS: 836.4 (M+Hf .Step le:

Ph₃

To compound le (2.3 g, 2.7 mmol) in CH₂CI₂ (10 mL) diethyiarnine (10 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum to get gummy residue. The crude compound was purified by neutral alumina column chromatography (Eluent: 0-50% ethyl acetate in hexane then 0-5% methanol in chloroform) to get 1.4 g of If (Yield: 90 %). LCMS: 636.5 (M+Na)⁺.

1f 1To a solution of compound If (0.45 g) in CH₂CI₂ (5 mL), trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) and catalytic amount of triisopropylsilane were added and stirred for 3 h at room temperature to remove the acid sensitive protecting groups. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuum to afford 0.29 g of crude compound 1 which was purified using prep-HPLC method described under experimental conditions. \H NMR (DMSQ-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 2.58 (m, 2H), 3.53 (m, 3H), 3.91 (t, 1H), 4.36 (t, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H); ¹ C NMR (DMSO-de, 400 MHz): δ 20.85, 45.71 , 50.23, 65.55, 171.03, 171 .41, 181.66. LCMS: 216.2 (Μ+ΗΓ; HPLC: t_R = 13.1 min.Example 2: Synthesis of Co

Step 2a:

1f2a

The urea linkage was carried out by the coupling compound If (2.7 g, 4.39 mmoi) in THF (30 mL) at room temperature with compound 2b (1.67 g, 4.39 mmoi). The coupling was initiated by the addition of TEA (0.9 g, 8.78 mmoi) in THF (10 m L) and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature. After completion of 20 h, THF was evaporated from the reaction mass, and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂S0₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure to get compound 2a, which was further purified by silica gel column chromatography (Fluent: 0-50% ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford 3.46 g of compound 2a (Yield: 92.10%). LCMS 857.4 (M+H)⁺.

2aTo a solution of compound 2a (0.22 g, 0.25 mmol) in 0¾ί¾ (5 m L), trifluoroaeetic acid (5 mL) and catalytic amount of triisopropyisilane were added and stirred for 3h at room, temperature. The resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 0.35 g of crude compound. The crude solid material was purified using preparative- HPLC method described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 347.1 (M+H)⁺; HPLC: t_{R =} 12.9 min.

Synthesis of

2bTo the compound H-Ser(^tBu)-OⁱBu (2 g, 9.2 mmol) in C I I^■■(.^‘{■ (20 mL), triethylamine (1.39 g, 13.8 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 5-10 min. To this mixture, solution of 4-Nitrophenyl chioro formate (2.22 g, 11.04 mmol) in CH₂CI₂ was added and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. After completion of reaction, reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂CI₂ and washed with water and 5.0 M citric acid solution, dried over Na₂SC>₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure to get crude compound 2b, which was further purified by silica gel column chromatography (Eiuent: 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexane) to yield 2.1 g (58.9%) of 2b.Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 3

The compound was synthesised using similar procedure as depicted in Example 1 (compound 1) and D-amino acids are linked up in reverse order. Boc-D-Thr(‘Bu)-OH was used in place of Boc-Ser(‘Bu)-OH (compound la, Example 1) and Fmoc-D- Asn(trt)-OH in place of Fmoc-Asn(trt)-OH to yield 0.15 g crude material of the title compound 3. LCMS: 230.1 (M+H)⁺.Example 4: Synthesis of Co

The compound was synthesised using similar procedure as depicted in Example 2 for synthesising compound 2 using

instead of H-Ser(‘Bu)-0’Bu (in synthesis of compound 2b) to yield 0.35 g crude material of the title compound. The crude solid material was purified using preparative HPLC described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 361.2 (M+H)⁺, HPLC: t_R = 12.19 min.Example 5: Synthesis of

The compound was synthesised using similar procedure as depicted in Example 4 (compound 4) using D-amino acids are linked up in reverse order. Boc-D-Thr(‘Bu)-OH was used in place of Boc-Ser(‘Bu)-OH, Fmoc-D-Asn(trt)-OH in place of Fmoc-Asn(trt)- OH and H-D-Ser(‘Bu)-0’Bu was used in place of H-Thr^Bu^O’Bu to yield 0.3 g crude material of the title compound. The cmde solid material was purified using preparative HPLC described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 361.3 (M+H)⁺. HPLC: t_R = 13.58 min.Example 6: Synthesis of Compound 6

The compound was synthesised using similar procedure as depicted in Example 2 by using H-Thr(‘Bu)-OMe instead of H-Ser(‘Bu)-0’Bu (in synthesis of compound 2b) to yield 0.2 g crude material of the title compound. The crude solid material was purified using preparative HPLC described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 375.1 (M+H)⁺, HPLC: t_{R =} 1.84 min.Example 7: Synthesis of Compound 7

Step 7a:

1f7aThe compound 7a was synthesised using similar procedure as for compound 2a (Example 2, step 2a) using H-Thr(‘Bu)-OMe instead of H-Ser(‘Bu)-OtBu to get crude material which was further purified by silica gel column chromatography (Eluent: 0-50% ethyl acetate in he ane) to get 2.0 g of compound 7a (Yield: 74 %). LCMS: 829.2 (M+H)⁺.Step 7b:

7a 7bTo a solution of compound 7a (0.35 g, 4.0 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.026 g, 0.63 mmol) at 0 °C and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by TLC analysis. THF was evaporated from the reaction mass, and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with citric acid, brine solution, dried over Na₂S0₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford 7b, which was further purified by silica gel column chromatography (Eluent: 0-5% methanol in DCM) to get 0.3 g of product 7b (Yield: 86.7%). LCMS 815.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7c:

7b 7Compound 7b (0.295 g, 0.39 mmol) was anchored to Rink amide resin (0.7 g, 0.55 mmol/g) using HOBT (0.072 g, 0.54 mmol) and DIC (0.068 g, 0.54 mmol) method in DMF (10 mL). The resin was stirred for 12 h at room temperature. The resin was washed with DCM, DMF and DCM and dried. The target compound was cleaved from the rink amide resin using TFA (5 mL) and catalytic amount of TIPS. The resin was allowed to remain at room temperature for 2 h with occasional stirring. After 2 h, TFA and TIPS were evaporated under nitrogen atmosphere and the resulting residue was washed with diethyl ether to yield 0.1 g crude material of the title compound 7. The crude solid material was purified using preparative HPLC described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 360.0 (M+H)⁺, HPLC: t_R = 13.88 min.Example 8: Synthesis of

The compound was synthesised using similar procedure as depicted in Example 2 (compound 2) using Fmoc-Glu(0’Bu)-OH instead of Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH to get 0.4 g crude material of the title compound. The crude solid material was purified using preparative HPLC described under experimental conditions. LCMS: 362.1 (M+H)⁺. HPLC: t_{R =} 13.27 min.

PATENThttps://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019061324&tab=FULLTEXT

Patenthttps://patents.google.com/patent/WO2019067678A1/enPATENThttps://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019061324

PATENThttps://patents.google.com/patent/WO2018073754A1/en
PATENThttps://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019087087
PAPERSScientific Reports (2019), 9(1), 1-19. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48826-6

Chemical structures of PD-L1 inhibitors developed by Aurigene (Aurigene-1) and Bristol-Meyers Squibb (BMSpep-57, BMS-103, and BMS-142). Chemical structures were generated using ChemDraw Professional 15. PATENT
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019087087

L-threonine’ mentioned in compound of formula (I) thereof can be represented by any one of the following formulae:

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date
US-2020289477-A1	Conjoint therapies for immunomodulation	2017-11-06
WO-2019073399-A1	CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF 1,2,4-OXADIAZOLE SUBSTITUTED IN POSITION 3	2017-10-11
AU-2018341583-A1	Crystal forms of immunomodulators	2017-09-29
WO-2019061324-A1	CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF IMMUNOMODULATORS	2017-09-29
WO-2019067678-A1	CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF IMMUNOMODULATORS	2017-09-29

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date	Grant Date
US-2020247766-A1	Crystal forms of immunomodulators	2017-09-29
US-2020061030-A1	Dual inhibitors of vista and pd-1 pathways	2016-10-20
WO-2018073754-A1	Dual inhibitors of vista and pd-1 pathways	2016-10-20
US-2020361880-A1	1,2,4-Oxadiazole and Thiadiazole Compounds as Immunomodulators	2015-03-10
EP-3041827-B1	1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as immunomodulators	2013-09-06	2018-04-18

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date	Grant Date
EP-3363790-B1	1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as immunomodulators	2013-09-06	2020-02-19
US-10173989-B2	1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as immunomodulators	2013-09-06	2019-01-08
US-10590093-B2	1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as immunomodulators	2013-09-06	2020-03-17
US-2015073024-A1	1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Immunomodulators	2013-09-06
US-2017101386-A1	1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Immunomodulators	2013-09-06

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date	Grant Date
US-2018072689-A1	1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Immunomodulators	2013-09-06
US-2019144402-A1	1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Immunomodulators	2013-09-06
US-2020199086-A1	1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Immunomodulators	2013-09-06
US-9771338-B2	1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as immunomodulators	2013-09-06	2017-09-26
WO-2015033299-A1	1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as immunomodulators	2013-09-06

////////////Investigational New Drug Application, Phase 1, Clinical Trial, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, XL 114, AUR 104, aurigene, Exelixis

N[C@@H](CO)c1nc(on1)[C@@H](NC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)C(C)O)CC(N)=O

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NEW DRUG APPROVALS

ONE TIME

$10.00

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PATENT

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XL 102

EXELIXIS AND AURIGENE ANNOUNCE THAT PROMISING PRECLINICAL DATA TO BE PRESENTED AT THE ENA SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT THE CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL CDK7 INHIBITOR

https://www.aurigene.com/exelixis-and-aurigene-announce-that-promising-preclinical-data-to-be-presented-at-the-ena-symposium-support-the-clinical-development-of-a-novel-cdk7-inhibitor/

Exelixis and Aurigene Announce That Promising Preclinical Data to Be Presented at the ENA Symposium Support the Clinical Development of a Novel CDK7 Inhibitor

– Detailed characterization of an oral inhibitor of CDK7 demonstrates potent activity against multiple hematologic and solid tumor cell lines, as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapies –

October 09, 2020 03:02 AM Eastern Daylight Time

ALAMEDA, Calif.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Exelixis, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXEL) and Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited (Aurigene) today disclosed new preclinical data showing that AUR102 has potent anti-tumor activity in a large panel of cancer cell lines. AUR102 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), which is an important regulator of the cellular transcriptional and cell cycle machinery. Exelixis has an exclusive option for AUR102 under its July 2019 exclusive collaboration, option and license agreement with Aurigene. The new data will be presented in a poster (Abstract 170) at the 32nd EORTC-NCI-AACR (ENA) Symposium, which is being held virtually on October 24-25, 2020.

“CDK7 plays a critical role in regulating cellular transcription and cell cycle machinery, making it an exciting target for cancer therapy”

“CDK7 plays a critical role in regulating cellular transcription and cell cycle machinery, making it an exciting target for cancer therapy,” said Murali Ramachandra, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Aurigene. “The data to be presented at ENA 2020 demonstrate that AUR102 effectively engages CDK7 and inhibits a key mediator of the cell cycle and transcription. The ability to inhibit CDK7 activity with an orally available therapeutic such as AUR102 holds great potential to improve care and outcomes for patients with diverse cancer indications, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia and lymphoma.”

The abstract provides a summary of results from a detailed characterization of AUR102 in cancer cell lines and animal tumor models. Additional data will be presented in the poster. Key findings included in the abstract are:
• AUR102 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity in a large panel of cell lines with induction of cell death in cell lines derived from multiple cancer types.
• The observed anti-proliferative activity correlated with cellular CDK7 target engagement and decreased levels of P-Ser5 RNAPII, a key mediator of transcription.
• AUR102 studies showed synergy when used in combination with multiple chemotherapies.
• Oral dosing with AUR102 resulted in dose-dependent anti-tumor activity, including complete tumor regression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and triple-negative breast cancer xenograft models.
• Inhibition of tumor growth was accompanied by complete target engagement as demonstrated in a parallel PK-PD study.
• AUR102 significantly impacts several pathways and key cancer driver and immune-response genes.

The study authors conclude that the data support clinical evaluation of AUR102 as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapies for the treatment of cancer.

“The exciting AUR102 data to be presented at ENA 2020 provide further validation of our partnering strategy, which gives us multiple opportunities to build a pipeline of best-in-class cancer therapies,” said Peter Lamb, Ph.D., Executive Vice President of Scientific Strategy and Chief Scientific Officer of Exelixis. “AUR102 could be the subject of an Investigational New Drug filing later this year, which would be an important value driver for the program itself and for our collaboration with Aurigene. We commend the Aurigene team on their ongoing success in building a robust body of data supporting the broad clinical potential of AUR102.”

Under the terms of the July 2019 agreement, Exelixis made an upfront payment of $10 million for exclusive options to license three preexisting programs from Aurigene. In addition, Exelixis and Aurigene initiated three Aurigene-led drug discovery programs on mutually agreed upon targets, in exchange for additional upfront option payments of $2.5 million per program. Exelixis is also contributing research funding to Aurigene to facilitate discovery and preclinical development work on all six programs. As the programs mature, Exelixis will have the opportunity to exercise an exclusive option for each program up until the time of Investigational New Drug (IND) filing acceptance. If Exelixis decides to exercise an option, it will make an option exercise payment to Aurigene and assume responsibility for that program’s future clinical development and commercialization including global manufacturing. Aurigene will be eligible for clinical development, regulatory, and sales milestones, as well as royalties on sales. Under the terms of the agreement, Aurigene retains limited development and commercial rights for India and Russia.

About Aurigene

Aurigene is a development stage biotech company engaged in discovery and clinical development of novel and best-in-class therapies to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases and a wholly owned subsidiary of Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (BSE: 500124, NSE: DRREDDY, NYSE: RDY). Aurigene is focused on precision-oncology, oral immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the Th-17 pathway. Aurigene’s programs currently in clinical development include an oral ROR-gamma inhibitor AUR101 for moderate to severe psoriasis in phase 2 under a U.S. FDA IND and a PD-L1/ VISTA antagonist CA-170 for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in phase 2b/3 in India. Additionally, Aurigene has multiple compounds at different stages of pre-clinical development. Aurigene has also partnered with several large and mid-pharma companies in the United States and Europe and has multiple programs in clinical development. For more information, please visit Aurigene’s website at http://www.aurigene.com.

About Exelixis

Founded in 1994, Exelixis, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXEL) is a commercially successful, oncology-focused biotechnology company that strives to accelerate the discovery, development and commercialization of new medicines for difficult-to-treat cancers. Following early work in model system genetics, we established a broad drug discovery and development platform that has served as the foundation for our continued efforts to bring new cancer therapies to patients in need. Our discovery efforts have resulted in four commercially available products, CABOMETYX® (cabozantinib), COMETRIQ® (cabozantinib), COTELLIC® (cobimetinib) and MINNEBRO® (esaxerenone), and we have entered into partnerships with leading pharmaceutical companies to bring these important medicines to patients worldwide. Supported by revenues from our marketed products and collaborations, we are committed to prudently reinvesting in our business to maximize the potential of our pipeline. We are supplementing our existing therapeutic assets with targeted business development activities and internal drug discovery – all to deliver the next generation of Exelixis medicines and help patients recover stronger and live longer. Exelixis is a member of Standard & Poor’s (S&P) MidCap 400 index, which measures the performance of profitable mid-sized companies. For more information about Exelixis, please visit http://www.exelixis.com, follow @ExelixisInc on Twitter or like Exelixis, Inc. on Facebook.

EXELIXIS AND AURIGENE ANNOUNCE THAT PROMISING PRECLINICAL DATA TO BE PRESENTED AT THE ENA SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT THE CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL CDK7 INHIBITOR

https://www.aurigene.com/exelixis-and-aurigene-announce-that-promising-preclinical-data-to-be-presented-at-the-ena-symposium-support-the-clinical-development-of-a-novel-cdk7-inhibitor/

Exelixis and Aurigene Announce That Promising Preclinical Data to Be Presented at the ENA Symposium Support the Clinical Development of a Novel CDK7 Inhibitor

October 09, 2020 03:02 AM Eastern Daylight Time

“CDK7 plays a critical role in regulating cellular transcription and cell cycle machinery, making it an exciting target for cancer therapy”

The study authors conclude that the data support clinical evaluation of AUR102 as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapies for the treatment of cancer.

About Aurigene

About Exelixis

Founded in 1994, Exelixis, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXEL) is a commercially successful, oncology-focused biotechnology company that strives to accelerate the discovery, development and commercialization of new medicines for difficult-to-treat cancers. Following early work in model system genetics, we established a broad drug discovery and development platform that has served as the foundation for our continued efforts to bring new cancer therapies to patients in need. Our discovery efforts have resulted in four commercially available products, CABOMETYX® (cabozantinib), COMETRIQ® (cabozantinib), COTELLIC® (cobimetinib) and MINNEBRO® (esaxerenone), and we have entered into partnerships with leading pharmaceutical companies to bring these important medicines to patients worldwide. Supported by revenues from our marketed products and collaborations, we are committed to prudently reinvesting in our business to maximize the potential of our pipeline. We are supplementing our existing therapeutic assets with targeted business development activities and internal drug discovery – all to deliver the next generation of Exelixis medicines and help patients recover stronger and live longer. Exelixis is a member of Standard & Poor’s (S&P) MidCap 400 index, which measures the performance of profitable mid-sized companies. For more information about Exelixis, please visit http://www.exelixis.com, follow @ExelixisInc on Twitter or like Exelixis, Inc. on Facebook.

Exelixis Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements related to: Exelixis’ and Aurigene’s plans to present preclinical data in support of the continued development of AUR102 in a poster as part of the 32nd ENA Symposium; the potential for AUR102 to improve care and outcomes for patients with diverse cancer indications, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia and lymphoma; the potential for AUR102 to be the subject of an Investigational New Drug filing later in 2020; Exelixis’ potential future financial and other obligations under the exclusive collaboration, option and license agreement with Aurigene; and Exelixis’ plans to reinvest in its business to maximize the potential of the company’s pipeline, including through targeted business development activities and internal drug discovery. Any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements and are based upon Exelixis’ current plans, assumptions, beliefs, expectations, estimates and projections. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of these risks and uncertainties, which include, without limitation: the availability of data at the referenced times; the level of costs associated with Exelixis’ commercialization, research and development, in-licensing or acquisition of product candidates, and other activities; uncertainties inherent in the drug discovery and product development process; Exelixis’ dependence on its relationship with Aurigene, including Aurigene’s adherence to its obligations under the exclusive collaboration, option and license agreement and the level of Aurigene’s assistance to Exelixis in completing clinical trials, pursuing regulatory approvals or successfully commercializing partnered compounds in the territories where they may be approved; the continuing COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on Exelixis’ research and development operations; complexities and the unpredictability of the regulatory review and approval processes in the U.S. and elsewhere; Exelixis’ and Aurigene’s continuing compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements; Exelixis’ and Aurigene’s ability to protect their respective intellectual property rights; market competition; changes in economic and business conditions; and other factors affecting Exelixis and its product pipeline discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Exelixis’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on August 6, 2020, and in Exelixis’ future filings with the SEC. All forward-looking statements in this press release are based on information available to Exelixis as of the date of this press release, and Exelixis undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, except as required by law.

Exelixis, the Exelixis logo, CABOMETYX, COMETRIQ and COTELLIC are registered U.S. trademarks. MINNEBRO is a registered Japanese trademark.

SY 5609

September 18, 2021 2:12 pm / Leave a comment

[ Fig. 0001] [ Fig. 0002] [ Fig. 0003] [ Fig. 0004]

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016058544&tab=FULLTEXT&_cid=P10-KTPTVL-74436-1

SY 5609

CAS 2519828-12-5

Cancer, solid tumor

PHASE 1

A highly selective and potent oral inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) for potential treatment of advanced solid tumors that harbor the Rb pa thway alterations (Syros Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA)

SY-5609 is an oral non-covalent CDK7 inhibitor in early clinical development at Syros Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of patients with advanced breast, colorectal, lung or ovarian cancer, or with solid tumors of any histology that harbor Rb pathway alterations.

OriginatorSyros Pharmaceuticals
ClassAntineoplastics; Small molecules
Mechanism of ActionCyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase inhibitors
Phase IBreast cancer; Solid tumours

05 Aug 2021Roche plans the phase I/Ib INTRINSIC trial in Colorectal cancer (Combination therapy, Metastatic disease) in USA, Canada, Italy, South Korea, Spain and United Kingdom (NCT04929223)
05 Aug 2021Roche and Syros Pharmaceuticals enters into a clinical trial collaboration to evaluate atezolizumab in combination with SY 5609 in a clinical trial
05 Aug 2021Syros Pharmaceuticals plans a phase I trial in Cancer in second half of 2021
NCT04247126
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04247126

At #ESMO21, we will be presenting new preclinical and clinical data on SY-5609, our highly selective and potent oral CDK7 inhibitor. #oncology #biotech Learn more: https://lnkd.in/gqYmWYhb

A Promising Approach for Difficult-to-Treat Cancers

SY-5609 is a highly selective and potent oral inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) in a Phase 1 dose-escalation trial in patients with advanced breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian or pancreatic cancer, or with solid tumors of any histology that harbor Rb pathway alterations.

SY-5609 represents a new approach to treating cancer that we believe has potential in a range of difficult-to-treat cancers. It has shown robust anti-tumor activity, including complete regressions, in preclinical models of breast, colorectal, lung and ovarian cancers at doses below the maximum tolerated dose. In preclinical studies of breast, lung and ovarian cancers, deeper and more sustained responses were associated with the presence of Rb pathway alterations. SY-5609 has also shown substantial anti-tumor activity in combination with fulvestrant in treatment-resistant models of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, including those resistant to both fulvestrant and a CDK4/6 inhibitor. Early dose-escalation data demonstrated proof-of-mechanism at tolerable doses.

Syros to Present New Data from Phase 1 Clinical Trial of SY-5609 in Oral Presentation at ESMO Congress 2021SEPTEMBER 13, 2021

Management to Host Conference Call on Monday, September 20, 2021 at 4:00 p.m. ET

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.–(BUSINESS WIRE)– Syros Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:SYRS), a leader in the development of medicines that control the expression of genes, today announced that it will present new data from the dose-escalation portion of the Phase 1 clinical trial of SY-5609, its highly selective and potent oral cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) inhibitor, at the ESMO Congress 2021, taking place virtually September 16-21, 2021. The oral presentation will include safety, tolerability, and initial clinical activity data for SY-5609 in patients with breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancers, as well as in patients with solid tumors of any histology harboring Rb pathway alterations.

In separate poster presentations, Syros will present new preclinical data evaluating the antitumor and pharmacodynamic activity of intermittent dosing regimens for SY-5609 in ovarian cancer models, as well as new preclinical data evaluating antitumor activity of SY-5609 as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in KRAS-mutant models.

The abstracts for the two poster presentations are now available online on the ESMO conference website at: https://www.esmo.org/meetings/esmo-congress-2021/abstracts, and the presentations will become available for on-demand viewing starting September 16 at 08:30 CEST (September 16 at 2:30 a.m. ET). The abstract for the oral presentation on the Phase 1 dose-escalation data will remain embargoed until September 17 at 00:05 CEST (September 16 at 6:05 p.m. ET).

Details of the oral presentation are as follows:

Presentation Title: Tolerability and Preliminary Clinical Activity of SY-5609, a Highly Potent and Selective Oral CDK7 Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Session Date & Time: Monday, September 20, 17:30-18:30 CEST (11:30-12:30 p.m. ET)
Presentation Time: 17:55-18:00 CEST (11:55-12:00 p.m. ET)
Session Title: Mini Oral Session: Developmental Therapeutics
Presenter: Manish Sharma, M.D., START Midwest
Abstract Number: 518MO

Details of the poster presentations are as follows:

Presentation Title: Preclinical Evaluation of Intermittent Dosing Regimens on Antitumor and PD Activity of SY-5609, a Potent and Selective Oral CDK7 Inhibitor, in Ovarian Cancer Xenografts
Abstract Number: 14P
Presentation Title: SY-5609, a Highly Potent and Selective Oral CDK7 inhibitor, Exhibits Robust Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of KRAS Mutant Cancers as a Single Agent and in Combination with Chemotherapy
Abstract Number: 13P

Conference Call Information

Syros will host a conference call on Monday, September 20, 2021 at 4:00 p.m. ET to discuss the new clinical and preclinical data for SY-5609, which will be presented at the ESMO Congress 2021.

To access the live conference call, please dial 866-595-4538 (domestic) or 636-812-6496 (international) and refer to conference ID 4648345. A webcast of the call will also be available on the Investors & Media section of the Syros website at www.syros.com. An archived replay of the webcast will be available for approximately 30 days following the conference call.

About Syros Pharmaceuticals

Syros is redefining the power of small molecules to control the expression of genes. Based on its unique ability to elucidate regulatory regions of the genome, Syros aims to develop medicines that provide a profound benefit for patients with diseases that have eluded other genomics-based approaches. Syros is advancing a robust clinical-stage pipeline, including: tamibarotene, a first-in-class oral selective RARα agonist in RARA-positive patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia; SY-2101, a novel oral form of arsenic trioxide in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia; and SY-5609, a highly selective and potent oral CDK7 inhibitor in patients with select solid tumors. Syros also has multiple preclinical and discovery programs in oncology and monogenic diseases.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210913005090/en/

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020219926&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION&_cid=P10-KTPT14-70600-1

CN(C)C\C=C\C(=O)Nc1ccc(cc1)C(=O)Nc1cccc(c1)Nc1ncc(Cl)c(n1)c1c[NH]c2ccccc21

THZ1; 1604810-83-4; THZ-1; HY-80013

CLIP

SY 1365 MEVOCICLIB, CAS 1816989-16-8

CN(C)C\C=C\C(=O)Nc1ccc(nc1)C(=O)N[C@]1(C)C[C@@H](CCC1)Nc1ncc(Cl)c(n1)c1c[NH]c2ccccc21

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016058544&tab=FULLTEXT&_cid=P10-KTPTVL-74436-1

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US206490062&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION&_cid=P10-KTPTVL-74436-1

3-fluoro-4-(methylamino)-N-[(1S,3R)-1-methyl-3-[[4-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]benzamide (Compound 130)

3-chloro-4-[[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-butanoyl]amino]-N-[(1S,3R)-3-[[4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-1-methyl-cyclohexyl]benzamide (Compound 129)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1-methylcyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 128)

4-amino-3-fluoro-N-[(1S,3R)-3-[[4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-1-methyl-cyclohexyl]benzamide (Compound 127)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 126)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 124)

Example 25 Synthesis of N1-(4-(((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)oxalamide (Compound 113)

Example 24 Synthesis of N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-4-(4-(dimethylamino)butanamido)benzamide (Compound 105)

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US319558608&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION&_cid=P10-KTPTVL-74436-1

4-amino-N-(3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)tricyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decanyl)benzamide (Compound 100).

+/−)-4-amino-N-(3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-5 hydroxycyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 101)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 102)

(1S,3R)-N-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Compound 106)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-cyclopropyl-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide.HCl (Compound 103)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 108)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-cyano-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 107)

(+/−)-4-amino-N-(3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-5-fluorocyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 110)

4-amino-N-(5-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-1-yl)benzamide (Compound 104)

4-amino-N4(1R,5S)-5-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-3,3-difluorocyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 115)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzenesulfonamide (Compound 109).

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzamide (Compound 112)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)-3-fluorobenzamide (Compound 111).

(+/−)-4-amino-N-(3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-1-methylcyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 116).

N-((1S,3R)-3-(4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)-4-aminobenzamide (Compound 114).

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)-2-morpholinobenzamide(Compound 117).

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 118).

3-amino-N-(trans-4-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide.HCl (Compound 119).

(1S,3R)-N1-(R)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-N3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)cyclohexane-1,3-diamine (Compound 120).

(1S,3R)-N1-(4-aminobenzyl)-N3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-N1-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine.HCl (Compound 122).

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide.HCl (Compound 123).

Synthesis of 5-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)picolinamide (Compound 125)

Synthesis of N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-4-(4-(dimethylamino)butanamido)benzamide (Compound 105)

Synthesis of N1-(4-(((1S,3R)-3-)(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)oxalamide (Compound 113)

Synthesis of 4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 124)

Synthesis of 4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 126)

Synthesis of 4-amino-3-fluoro-N-[(1S,3R)-3-[[4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-1-methyl-cyclohexyl]benzamide (Compound 127).

Synthesis of 4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl) pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1-methylcyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 128)

Synthesis of 3-chloro-4-[[4-(dimethylamino)-3 hydroxy-butanoyl]amino]-N-[(1S,3R)-3-[[4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-1-methyl-cyclohexyl]benzamide (Compound 129).

Synthesis of 3-fluoro-4-(methylamino)-N-[(1S,3R)-1-methyl-3-[[4-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]benzamide (Compound 130)

//////////////SY 5609, 2519828-12-5, Cancer, solid tumor, PHASE 1, SYROS

wdt-13

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MAX 40279

September 14, 2021 2:06 am / 1 Comment on MAX 40279

Thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-N-(1-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-.png

MAX 40279, EX-A4057

Max 4; MAX-40279; MAX-40279-001; MAX-40279-01

UNII-DL772G3NN7

2070931-57-4

C₂₂H₂₃FN₆OS, 438.5

7-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-N-(1-piperidin-4-ylpyrazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine, 7-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-N-[1-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-

7-(4-FLUORO-2-METHOXYPHENYL)-6-METHYL-N-(1-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL) THIENO (3,2-D)PYRIMIDIN-2-AMINE SEMI-FUMARATE CAS 2388506-43-0

7-(4-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-N-[1-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Originator Maxinovel Pharmaceuticals
ClassAntineoplastics
Mechanism of ActionFibroblast growth factor receptor antagonists; Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitors
Orphan Drug StatusYes – Acute myeloid leukaemia
Phase IAcute myeloid leukaemia; Solid tumours

Most Recent Events

28 Nov 2019Phase-I clinical trials in Solid tumours (Late-stage disease, Metastatic disease) in China (PO) (NCT04183764)
16 Apr 2019Phase-I clinical trials in Acute myeloid leukaemia (Second-line therapy or greater) in China (PO) (NCT04187495)
23 Jan 2019Guangzhou Maxinovel Pharmaceuticals plans a phase I trial in China (ChiCTR1900020971)
MaxiNovel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Announces FDA Orphan Drug Designation for MAX-40279 for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

March 29, 2018 11:24 AM Eastern Daylight Timehttps://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180329005826/en/MaxiNovel-Pharmaceuticals-Inc.-Announces-FDA-Orphan-Drug-Designation-for-MAX-40279-for-the-Treatment-of-Acute-Myeloid-Leukemia-AML

GUANGZHOU, China–(BUSINESS WIRE)–MaxiNovel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) has granted MaxiNovel Orphan Drug Designation for MAX-40279 in the treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

AML is the most common acute leukemia which accounts for approximately 25% of all adult leukemias worldwide. Approximately one-third of AML patients have a FLT3 gene mutation. Such mutation can result in faster disease progression, higher relapse rates and lower rates of survival than other forms of AML. Inhibition of FLT3 mutation is of high importance in combating AML.

In the preclinical testing, MAX-40279 demonstrated potent inhibition of both FLT3 and FGFR with excellent drug concentration in the bone marrow. It is designed to overcome the observed drug resistance of the current FLT3 inhibitors due to the bone marrow FGF/FGFR pathway activation.

“We are very pleased to receive the ODD,” commented MaxiNovel’s Vice President Dr. Elizabeth Ashraf. “Our objective is to bring the best in class medicine to the patients worldwide.”

The FDA Office of Orphan Products Development grants orphan drug designation to novel drugs and biologics that are intended for the safe and effective treatment, diagnosis or prevention of rare diseases or disorders that affect fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. The designation allows manufacturers to qualify for various incentives including federal grants, tax credits for qualified clinical trials, a waiver of PDUFA filing fees and 7 years of market exclusivity upon regulatory approval.

About MaxiNovel Pharmaceuticals, Inc:

Maxinovel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biotech company focusing on the discovery and development of Immuno-oncology therapy and targeted therapy. It will use its orally active Immuno-oncology product platform to bring effective combo product of multi-components in a single oral pill to the patients worldwide. For more info: www.maxinovel.com

The JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) signal pathway is a signal transduction pathway stimulated by cytokines discovered in recent years, and it participates in many important biology such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune regulation. Process (Aaronson, D Set al. Science 2002, 296, 1653-1655; O’Shea, J Jet al. Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2004, 3, 555-564). Compared with other signal pathways, the transmission process of this signal pathway is relatively simple. It mainly consists of three components, namely tyrosine kinase-related receptor, tyrosine kinase JAK and transcription factor STAT. JAK (Janus Kinase), a type of molecule in the cell, is rapidly recruited and activated on the receptor after receiving the signal from the upstream receptor molecule. The activated JAK catalyzes the receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and the phosphorylation of tyrosine on the receptor molecule Amino acid is the recognition and binding site of a kind of signal molecule STAT SH2. Tyrosine phosphorylation occurs after STAT binds to the receptor. Tyrosine phosphorylated STAT forms a dimer and enters the nucleus. As an active transcription factor, dimeric STAT molecules directly affect the expression of related genes, thereby changing the proliferation or differentiation status of target cells.

The JAK-STAT pathway is widely present in various tissues and cells in the body, and has an important role in the differentiation, proliferation, and anti-infection of lymphocytes, and participates in the interaction of various inflammatory factors and signal transduction (Kiesseleva T. et al. . J. Gene, 2002, 285, 1-24). The abnormal activation of this pathway is closely related to a variety of diseases. Finding and screening JAK inhibitors can help in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of JAK-STAT, thereby providing new drugs and methods for the prevention and treatment of related diseases

The occurrence, growth, invasion and metastasis of tumors are related to the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway. In normal signal transduction, the activation of STATs is rapid and transient. The continuous activation of STATs is closely related to the process of malignant transformation of cells (Buettner R. et al. Clin. Cancer Res. 2002, 8(4), 945-954). STAT3 is the focus of multiple oncogenic tyrosine kinase signal channels such as EGFR, IL-6/JAK, Src, etc. It is activated in a variety of tumor cells and tissues, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and head and neck squamous cells. Like cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, brain tumor, non-small cell lung cancer and various leukemias, etc. (Niu G. et al. Oncogene 2002, 21(13), 2000-2008 ). JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors belong to PTK inhibitors, and this enzyme is a member of the oncogene protein and proto-oncoprotein family, and plays an important role in the normal and abnormal cell proliferation. The occurrence and growth of tumors are inseparable from PTK. Therefore, JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors inhibit tumor growth by antagonizing PTK, and have obvious anti-tumor effects (Mora LBet al.J.Cancer Res.2002,62(22) , 6659-6666).

In addition, the latest research shows that: organ transplant rejection, psoriasis, tissue and organ fibrosis, bronchial asthma, ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, blood system diseases, and immune system diseases are all related to JAK-STAT signaling. The pathway is closely related. This signaling pathway is not only important for maintaining the normal physiological functions of cells, but also has an important regulatory role for the occurrence and development of diseases.

The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor family belongs to a new type of receptor kinase family, which includes four receptor subtypes (FGFR-1,2,3) encoded by four closely related genes. And 4) and some heterogeneous molecules, which form a ternary complex with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and heparan sulfate, and then trigger a series of signal transduction pathways to participate in the regulation of physiological processes in the organism. FGFR has a wide range of physiological and pathological effects in the body: (1) Embryo development. Studies have shown that during embryonic development, FGFR signal transduction is essential for most organ development and the formation of embryonic patterns. (2) Cell division, migration and differentiation. FGFR stimulates cell proliferation and participates in the regulation of cell transformation in the pathological process. There are many parallel pathways to achieve FGFR-mediated cell division signal transduction, which has been confirmed by many studies (JKWang et al., Oncogene 1997, 14, 1767 -1778.). (3) Bone diseases. The growth and differentiation of bones are also regulated by the FGF family, and mutations in FGFR can cause bone deformities (R. Shang et al., Cell 1994, 78, 335-342.). (4) The occurrence of tumors. FGFR can promote the migration, proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells, and plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis and angiogenesis. Uncontrolled angiogenesis can lead to the occurrence of tumors and the growth of metastases (J.Folkman.Nat.Med.1995) ,1,27-31.).

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, FLT3) belongs to the type III receptor tyrosine kinase (receptor tyrosine kinase III, RTK III) family member, it is composed of extracellular domain, intracellular domain and The transmembrane region is composed of 3 parts, which are first expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells. FLT3 interacts with its ligand FL to stimulate or act on stem cells, which is of great significance to the growth and differentiation of stem cells. FLT3 kinase has wild-type FLT3-WT and its main activation mutant FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y. FLT3 is mainly expressed in the precursors of normal myeloid cells, but its abnormal expression is also found in a large part of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells.

In recent years, many large-scale studies have confirmed that activating mutations of FLT3 play a very important pathological role in the occurrence and progression of acute myeloid leukemia. FLT3 has become an important target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

rc family kinase (SFK) is a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, including c-Src, LYN, FYN, LCK, HCK, FGR, BLK, YES and YRK, among which LYN kinase has LYNα and LYNβ Both subtypes, LYN kinase and its two subtypes can cause similar intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation. According to the amino acid sequence, SFK can be divided into two sub-families: one family is c-Src, FYN, YES and FGR, which are widely expressed in different tissues; the other family is LCK, BLK, LYN and HCK, which are closely related to hematopoietic cells. SFK is connected to multiple signal transduction pathways in the body, and can be activated by growth factors, cytokines and immune cell receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, integrins and other cell adhesion molecules, and then activate the corresponding signal transduction pathways , Causing a variety of physiological effects of cells. The activity of SFK mainly includes the regulation of cell morphology, cell movement, cell proliferation and survival. The abnormal activation and expression of these kinases leads to the occurrence and development of a wide range of diseases, such as a large number of solid tumors, various hematological malignancies and some neuronal pathologies. Therefore, looking for SFK inhibitors is a promising research topic in the field of medicinal chemistry.

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Patent

CN106366093A

PATENT

WO 2017012559

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017012559Example 31
N-[7-(4-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-1-(piperidin-4-yl)- 1H-pyrazole-4-amine (Compound 31)

Synthesis of compound 31-e
2,4-Dichloro-6-methylthiophene [3,2-d] pyrimidine (10g, 45.6mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100mL) and ethanol (100mL), and the reaction solution was cooled to 0°C and divided Sodium borohydride (12.5 g, 198 mmol) was added in batches. The reaction solution was raised to room temperature and continued to stir for 16 hours, diluted with water (500 mL), and then adjusted to pH=7 with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL×3). The organic phase was washed sequentially with water (100mL×3) and saturated brine (100mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid 31-e (7.5g, yield: 88%). The product does not require further purification. LC-MS(ESI): m/z=187[M+H] ⁺ .[0492]Synthesis of compound 31-d[0493]Compound 31-e (7.5 g, 40 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (300 mL) at 0°C, active manganese dioxide (35 g, 400 mmol) was added, the reaction solution was raised to room temperature and stirring was continued for 16 hours. The reaction solution was filtered through Celite, and the filter cake was washed with chloroform (100 mL×3). The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain white solid 31-d (6.6 g, yield: 89%), which did not require further purification. LC-MS(ESI): m/z=185[M+H]+.[0494]Synthesis of compound 31-c[0495]Compound 31-d (3.1g, 16.8mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (30mL) at 0℃, N-iodosuccinimide (5.7g, 25.3mmol) was added in batches, and the reaction solution was raised to Keep stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Water (50 mL) was added to the reaction solution to quench the reaction, and it was extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL×3). The organic phase was washed successively with water (50mL×3) and saturated brine (50mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid 31-c (4.9g, yield: 94%). The product does not require further purification. LC-MS(ESI): m/z＝311[M+H] ⁺ .[0496]Synthesis of compound 31-b[0497]Compound 31-c (615mg, 1.98mmol), 2-methoxy-4-fluorophenylboronic acid (405mg, 2.38mmol) and sodium carbonate (630mg, 5.94mmol) were suspended in dioxane (5mL) water (5mL) ), add [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphorus)ferrocene]dichloropalladium dichloromethane complex (163mg, 0.2mmol). Replace with nitrogen 3 times, and heat to 80°C to react for 16 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned with dichloromethane (50mL) and water (50mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum Ether: dichloromethane=1:1) to obtain a white solid 31-b (240 mg, yield: 39%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=309[M+H] ⁺ .[0498]Synthesis of compound 31-a[0499]Compound 31-b (240mg, 0.78mmol) and compound 32-c (208mg, 0.78mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (3mL), potassium carbonate (323mg, 2.34mmol) was added, 2- Dicyclohexylphosphine-2′,6′-diisopropoxy-1,1′-biphenyl (112 mg, 0.24 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (134 mg, 0.24 mmol). Under the protection of nitrogen, heat to 110°C to react for 16 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was partitioned with dichloromethane (50 mL) and water (50 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel thin layer chromatography preparation plate (petroleum Ether: ethyl acetate = 1:1) to obtain a yellow viscous oil 31-a (190 mg, yield: 45%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=539[M+H] ⁺ .[0500]Synthesis of compound 31[0501]31-a (190 mg, 0.35 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3 mL), trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was layered with ethyl acetate (50mL) and 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid (50mL). The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH=10 with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution. 3) Washing and vacuum drying the solid to obtain a light yellow solid 31 (22 mg, yield: 14%). LC-MS(ESI): m/z=439[M+H] ⁺ .[0502]¹ H-NMR (400MHz, MeOD) δ: 8.78 (d, J = 5Hz, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.35 (m, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 11Hz) ,J = 2Hz, 1H), 6.91 (m, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.03(m,2H),1.73(m,2H)ppm

PATENT

WO 2019228171

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019228171&_cid=P10-KTJFI4-27381-1

Example 1 Preparation of fumarate of fused ring pyrimidine compound as shown in formula 2
Weigh the compound N-[7-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-1-(piperidine-4- Base)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine (synthesized according to Example 31 of patent CN106366093A) 100mg (0.228mmol, 1eq) into the vial, add 10mL 88% acetone-water solution, add the vial at about 50°C and stir until dissolved clear. 1.1 mL of fumaric acid with a concentration of 0.25 mol/L in ethanol (0.275 mmol, 1.2 eq) was slowly added dropwise to the free base solution of fused ring pyrimidine compounds, and stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 hour, and then the solution was The rate of 5°C/h was slowly reduced to room temperature, and the solid was collected and dried under vacuum at 40°C overnight.
¹ H-NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ: 9.45 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.78-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 6.4Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.17 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (dd, J = 12.4 Hz, J = 11.6 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.94 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 2H), 1.73 (m, 2H) ppm.

PATENT

WO2021175155

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021175155&tab=FULLTEXT&_cid=P10-KTIIWZ-64113-1

7-(4-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-N-(1-piperidin-4-yl)-1hydro-pyrazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2 -D]pyrimidine-2-amino is a strong JAK, FGFR, FLT3 kinase inhibitor, and has a good application prospect in the treatment of tumors, immune system diseases, allergic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. This compound is described in patent CN106366093A and has the following chemical structure:

CN106366093A discloses the preparation method of the compound:

In the above synthetic route, NaBH ₄ is sodium borohydride, MnO ₂ is manganese dioxide, NIS is N-iodosuccinimide, TFA is trifluoroacetic acid, and Pd(dppf)Cl ₂ is [1,1′- Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium dichloride, DIAD is diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, PPh ₃ is triphenylphosphine, Pd/C is palladium on carbon, Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ is Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, RuPhos is 2-bicyclohexylphosphine-2′,6′-diisopropoxybiphenyl.

However, the above method has the problems of a large number of reaction steps, low yield, and requires column chromatography for separation and purification, and is not suitable for industrial scale-up production. Therefore, it is necessary to improve its preparation method.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound represented by formula B, which comprises the following steps: under a protective gas atmosphere, in a solvent, in the presence of a catalyst and a base, a compound represented by formula C is combined with a compound represented by formula K The compound can be subjected to the coupling reaction shown below; the catalyst includes a palladium compound and a phosphine ligand;

The preparation method of the compound represented by formula B may further include the following steps: in an organic solvent, in the presence of a base, the compound represented by formula E and the compound represented by formula D are subjected to the substitution reaction shown below, To obtain the compound represented by formula C;

The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound represented by formula C, which comprises the following steps: in an organic solvent, in the presence of a base, a compound represented by formula E and a compound represented by formula D are subjected to the following steps: Substitution reaction is enough;

Example 1: 2-Chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (Compound I)
Into a 500L reactor, add 10% palladium on carbon (4.6Kg), 2,4-dichloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (24.2Kg, 109.5mol), and tetrahydrofuran (150Kg) in sequence And N,N-diisopropylethylamine (17.0Kg, 131.5mol). Fill the kettle with hydrogen, and control the hydrogen pressure at 0.5 MPa. Turn on the stirring and keep the temperature at 25±5°C to react for 120 hours. Filter, collect the filtrate, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure, add ethanol (58Kg) to the concentrate, and concentrate again to bring out residual tetrahydrofuran. Add ethanol (60Kg) and stir at 70±5°C until all solids are dissolved. Cool down, control the temperature at 25±5°C, add 360Kg of purified water dropwise to the kettle, control the dropping rate, and keep the temperature at 25±5°C. The solid product was separated out, centrifuged, and the filter cake was vacuum dried to obtain the product 2-chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine 18.94Kg, yield: 93.2%. LC-MS(ESI): m/z＝185.1[M+H] ⁺ .
¹ H NMR (400MHz, d ⁶ -DMSO): δ9.30 (s, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 2.73 (s, 3H).
Example 2: 2-Chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (Compound I)
To a 100mL reaction flask, add 10% palladium on carbon (0.17g), 2,4-dichloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (2g, 9.2mmol), tetrahydrofuran (40mL) and N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (1.412 g, 10.9 mmol). Fill the bottle with hydrogen and control the hydrogen pressure at 0.5MPa. Turn on the stirring and keep the temperature at 25±5°C to react for 20 hours. Filter, collect the filtrate, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure, add ethanol (2.1 g) to the concentrate, and concentrate again to bring out residual tetrahydrofuran. Add ethanol (2.2g) and stir at 70±5°C until all solids are dissolved. Cool down, control the temperature at 25±5°C, add 13.3g of purified water dropwise to the kettle, control the dropping rate, and keep the temperature at 25±5°C. The solid product was precipitated, centrifuged, and the filter cake was vacuum dried to obtain 2.4 g of 2-chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine as a product, with a yield of 82%. The LC-MS and ¹ H NMR are the same as in Example 1.
Example 3: 7-Bromo 2-chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (Compound E)
Add trifluoroacetic acid (150Kg) and 2-chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (18.90Kg, 102.4mol) into a 500L enamel reactor. Add N-bromosuccinimide (18.33Kg, 103.0mol) under temperature control at 15±5℃. After the addition, the temperature is controlled at 25±5℃ to react for 2 hours. Sampling to monitor the reaction, there is still a small amount of raw materials remaining. Additional N-bromosuccinimide (1.0 Kg, 5.6 mol) was added, stirring was continued for 1 hour, sampling and monitoring showed that the reaction was complete. Control the temperature at 10±5°C, and add 274Kg of water dropwise. After the addition, stir at 10±5°C for 2 hours. After centrifugation, the solid was vacuum-dried to obtain the product, 7-bromo-2-chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine, 24.68Kg, yield: 91.4%. LC-MS(ESI): m/z＝265.0[M+H] ⁺ .
¹ H NMR (400MHz, d ⁶ -DMSO): δ9.33 (s, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H).
Example 4: 4-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate (Compound G)
Add pyridine (176Kg) and N-BOC-4-hydroxypiperidine (36.00Kg, 178.9mol) to a 500L enamel reactor. Add p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (50.5Kg, 264.9mol) in batches under temperature control at 10±10°C. After the addition, the temperature is controlled at 25±5°C to react for 18 hours. The reaction solution was transferred to a 1000L reactor, the temperature was controlled at 15±5°C, and 710Kg of water was added dropwise. After the addition, stir at 15±5°C for 2 hours. After filtration, the solid was washed with water and dried in vacuum to obtain the product 4-(p-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-piperidine-1-carbonate tert-butyl ester, 59.3Kg, yield: 93.3%. LC-MS(ESI): m/z＝378.0[M+Na] ⁺ .
Example 5: 4-(4-Nitro-1hydro-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate (Compound F)
Add N,N-dimethylformamide (252Kg), 4-(p-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-piperidine-1-carbonate tert-butyl ester (59.3Kg, 166.8mol), 4-nitro to the reaction kettle Pyrazole (21.5Kg, 190.1mol), and anhydrous potassium carbonate (34.3Kg, 248.2mol). The temperature was controlled at 80±5°C and the reaction was stirred for 18 hours. Cool down to 15±5°C, add 900Kg of water dropwise, control the dropping rate, and keep the temperature at 15±5°C. After the addition, stir at 5±5°C for 2 hours. After filtering, the solid was washed twice with water and dried in vacuum to obtain the product 4-(4-nitro-1hydro-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate 39.92Kg, yield: 80.8%. LC-MS (ESI): m/z=319.1 [M+Na] ⁺ .
¹ H NMR (400MHz, d ⁶ -DMSO): δ8.96(s,1H), 8.27(s,1H), 4.44-4.51(m,1H), 4.06-4.08(m,2H), 2.75-2.91( m, 2H), 2.04-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H).
Example 6: 4-(4-Amino-1hydro-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate (Compound D)
Add 10% palladium-carbon (2.00Kg), 4-(4-nitro-1hydro-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate (39.94Kg, 134.09mol) to the reaction kettle, nothing Water ethanol (314Kg) and ammonia (20.0Kg, 134.09mol). Fill the kettle with hydrogen, and control the hydrogen pressure at 0.2MPa. Turn on the stirring and keep the temperature at 45±5°C to react for 4 hours. Filter, collect the filtrate, and concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure. Add ethyl acetate (40Kg) and n-heptane (142Kg) to the concentrate, stir at 25±5°C for 1 hour, and then lower the temperature to 5±5°C and stir for 2 hours. After filtration, the solid was vacuum dried to obtain the product 4-(4-amino-1hydro-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate 31.85Kg, yield: 88.6%. LC-MS(ESI): m/z＝267.2[M+H] ⁺ .
¹ H NMR (400MHz, d ⁶ -DMSO): δ7.06 (s, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.08-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.98-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.81 (brs, 2H), 2.83-2.87 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H).
Example 7: 4-(4-(7-Bromo-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1hydro-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1 -Tert-butyl carbonate (compound C)
Add n-butanol (117Kg), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (15.00Kg, 116.06mol), 4-(4-amino-1hydro-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine to the reaction kettle 1-tert-butyl carbonate (32.02Kg, 120.22mol) and 7-bromo-2-chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (24.68Kg, 93.65mol). Turn on the stirring and keep the temperature at 100±5°C to react for 42 hours. Concentrate under reduced pressure. Methanol was added to the concentrate to be beaten. The solid was filtered and dried under vacuum to obtain the product 4-(4-(7-bromo-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1hydro-pyrazol-1-yl ) Piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate 37.26Kg, yield: 80.6%. LC-MS(ESI): m/z=493.1[M+H] ⁺ .
¹ H NMR (400MHz, d ⁶ -DMSO): δ9.73 (s, 1H), 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.36 (m, 1H) ,4.01-4.04(m,2H),2.87-2.93(m,2H),2.53(s,3H),2.00-2.03(m,2H),1.70-1.80(m,2H),1.41(s,9H) .
Example 8: 4-(4-((7-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1 Hydro-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate (Compound B)
Add purified water (113Kg), dioxane (390Kg), 4-(4-(7-bromo-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino) into the reactor -1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate (37.26Kg, 93.65mol), 2-methoxy-4-fluorophenylboronic acid pinacol ester (23.05Kg, 120.22mol) , Anhydrous potassium carbonate (20.95Kg, 151.8mol), palladium acetate (0.18Kg, 0.80mol) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphine-2,4,6-triisopropylbiphenyl (0.90Kg, 1.89mol). Under the protection of nitrogen, the temperature is controlled at 70±5℃ to react for 4 hours. Cool down to 40±5°C, add ammonia water (68Kg), and stir for 8 hours. Cool down to 20±5°C and dilute with water (1110Kg). Dichloromethane extraction twice (244Kg, 170Kg). Combine the organic phases, wash sequentially with water and then with saturated brine. Add 3-mercaptopropyl ethyl sulfide-based silica (4.0Kg, used to remove heavy metal palladium) into the organic phase, and stir at 40±5°C for 20 hours. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The remainder was slurried sequentially with methyl tert-butyl ether and ethanol. Filter and dry in vacuo to obtain 4-(4-((7-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate 34.6Kg, yield: 68.6%. LC-MS(ESI): m/z=539.3[M+H] ⁺ .
¹ H NMR (400MHz, d ⁶ -DMSO): δ9.46 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.33 to 7.35 (m, 1H) ,7.08-7.11(m,1H),6.91-6.95(m,1H),4.03-4.12(m,3H),3.73(s,3H),2.85-2.89(m,2H),2.39(s,3H) ,1.90-1.93(m,2H),1.55-1.60(m,2H),1.41(s,9H).
Comparative Example 1: 2-Chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (Compound I)
Into a 100mL reaction flask, add 10% palladium on carbon (0.1g), 2,4-dichloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (2g, 9.2mmol), methanol (40mL) and N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (1.412 g, 10.9 mmol). Fill the bottle with hydrogen and control the hydrogen pressure at 0.5MPa. Turn on the stirring and keep the temperature at 25±5°C to react for 21 hours. Filter, collect the filtrate, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure, add ethanol (2.1 g) to the concentrate, and concentrate again to bring out residual tetrahydrofuran. Add ethanol (2.2g) and stir at 70±5°C until all solids are dissolved. Cool down, control the temperature at 25±5°C, add 13.3g of purified water dropwise to the kettle, control the dropping rate, and keep the temperature at 25±5°C. The solid product was precipitated, centrifuged, and the filter cake was vacuum dried to obtain 1.6 g of 2-chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine as a product, with a yield of 54%. Methoxy substituted impurities in 20% yield.
Comparative Example 2: 2-Chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine (Compound I)
After replacing the solvent tetrahydrofuran in Example 2 with ethyl acetate, the solubility of 2-chloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-D]pyrimidine in ethyl acetate was poor, and only a small amount of product was formed, which was not calculated Specific yield.
Comparative example 3: 4-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-piperidine-1-tert-butyl carbonate (Compound G)
Triethylamine (25mL), N-BOC-4-hydroxypiperidine (5g) were added to a 100mL reaction flask. P-toluenesulfonyl chloride (7.1g) was added in batches while controlling the temperature at 10±10°C. After the addition, the temperature is controlled at 25±5℃ to react for 25 hours. Monitoring by LC-MS showed a large amount of unreacted raw materials and the reaction liquid was black and red.

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date	Grant Date
WO-2019228171-A1	Salt of fused ring pyrimidine compound, crystal form thereof and preparation method therefor and use thereof	2018-05-31
AU-2016295594-A1	Fused ring pyrimidine compound, intermediate, and preparation method, composition and use thereof	2015-07-21
AU-2016295594-B2	Fused ring pyrimidine compound, intermediate, and preparation method, composition and use thereof	2015-07-21	2020-04-16
EP-3354653-A1	Fused ring pyrimidine compound, intermediate, and preparation method, composition and use thereof	2015-07-21
EP-3354653-B1	Fused ring pyrimidine compound, intermediate, and preparation method, composition and use thereof	2015-07-21	2019-09-04

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date	Grant Date
JP-2018520202-A	Fused ring pyrimidine compounds, intermediates, production methods, compositions and applications thereof	2015-07-21
KR-20180028521-A	Condensed ring pyrimidine-based compounds, intermediates, methods for their preparation, compositions and applications	2015-07-21
US-10494378-B2	Fused ring pyrimidine compound, intermediate, and preparation method, composition and use thereof	2015-07-21	2019-12-03
US-2018208604-A1	Fused ring pyrimidine compound, intermediate, and preparation method, composition and use thereof	2015-07-21
WO-2017012559-A1	Fused ring pyrimidine compound, intermediate, and preparation method, composition and use thereof	2015-07-21

CTID	Title	Phase	Status	Date
NCT03412292	MAX-40279 in Subjects With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)	Phase 1	Recruiting	2021-05-21

///////////////Orphan Drug, Acute myeloid leukaemia, MAX 40279, EX-A4057, Max 4, MAX-40279, MAX-40279-001, MAX-40279-01, PHASE 1, Maxinovel Pharmaceuticals

CC1=C(C2=NC(=NC=C2S1)NC3=CN(N=C3)C4CCNCC4)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)F)OC

TRK 700

August 10, 2021 6:08 am / Leave a comment

1-[4-(Dimethylamino)piperidin-1-yl]-3-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)propan-1-one.png

TRK-700

CAS 1463432-16-7C₁₄ H₂₄ N₄ O264.371-Propanone, 1-[4-(dimethylamino)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-

1-[4-(dimethylamino)piperidin-1-yl]-3-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)propan-1-one

1-[4-(Dimethylamino)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-propanone

OriginatorToray Industries
ClassAnalgesics
Mechanism of ActionUndefined mechanism

Phase IIPostherpetic neuralgia
PreclinicalPeripheral nervous system diseases

12 Sep 2018Pharmacodynamics data from a preclinical trial in Peripheral neuropathy presented at the 17^th World Congress on Pain (WCP-2018)
01 Jul 2017Toray Industries completes a phase II trial for Postherpetic neuralgia (In adults, In the elderly) in Japan (PO) (NCT02701374)
21 May 2017Toray Industries completes a phase I drug-drug interaction trial in Healthy volunteers in Japan (PO) (NCT03043248)

developed by Toray for treating neuropathic pain and investigating for fibromyalgia. In August 2021, this drug was reported to be in phase 1 clinical development.

PATENT

WO 2016136944

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016136944

(Reference Example 22) Synthesis of (E) -methyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) acrylate:
[Chemical 56]

　1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-carbaldehyde (10.0 g, Methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene) acetate (33.4 g, 99.9 mmol) was added to a solution of 90.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (240 mL) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with a mixed solvent of hexane / dichloromethane = 19/1, and the washing liquid was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / ethyl acetate) to give (E) -methyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) acrylate as a white solid (11.9 g, 71. 6 mmol, 79%).
¹ H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ: 3.76 (3H, s), 3.81 (3H, s), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 15.6 Hz), 6.98 (1H, brs), 7.16 (1H, brs), 7.53 (1H, d, J = 15.6Hz).
ESI-MS: m / z = 167 (M + H) ⁺ .

(Reference Example 27) Synthesis of 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one:
[Chemical 61]

　(E) )-Methyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) acrylate (0.180 g, 1.08 mmol) in ethanol (4.0 mL) solution of palladium-carbon (10% wet, 15 mg) at room temperature In a hydrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Methanol (1.0 mL) was added to the obtained residue at room temperature to dissolve it, and the mixture was cooled to 0 ° C. An aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1.0 N, 1.19 mL, 1.19 mmol) was added to the reaction solution at 0 ° C., the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Chloroform (10.0 mL) was added to the obtained residue at room temperature to dissolve it. Add diisopropylethylamine (0.568 mL, 3.25 mmol), HBTU (0.616 g, 1.63 mmol) and 4- (dimethylamino) piperidine (0.125 g, 0.975 mmol) to the reaction solution at room temperature, and add the reaction solution. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 16 hours. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (NH silica gel, chloroform / methanol) and 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propane. -1-one (0.179 g, 0.68 mmol, 63%) was obtained as a colorless oil.
^{1 1} H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃) δ: 1.29-1.43 (2H, m), 1.80-1.88 (2H, m), 2.27 (6H, s), 2.29-2.38 (1H, m), 2.54-2.63 (1H, m), 2.88-3.04 ( 5H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.98-4.05 (1H, m), 4.57-4.65 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz).
ESI-MS: m / z = 265 (M + H) ⁺ .

(Comparative Example 1) Synthesis of 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one hydrochloride:
[Chemical 66]

　1- (4- (Dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one (1.50 g, 5.67 mmol) diethyl ether (60) A dioxane solution of hydrogen chloride (4.0 M, 3.69 mL, 14.8 mmol) was added to the (0.0 mL) solution at 0 ° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour and then at room temperature for 30 minutes. The precipitated white solid was collected by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (100 mL), dried at room temperature for 36 hours, and then 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-). Imidazole-2-yl) propan-1-one hydrochloride (1.41 g, 4.18 mmol, 74%) (hereinafter, the compound of Comparative Example 1) was obtained as a white solid.
^{1 1} H-NMR (400 MHz, D ₂ O) δ: 1.53-1.80 (2H, m), 2.12-2.23 (2H, m), 2.68-2.80 (1H, m), 2.88 (6H, s), 3.01- 3.08 (2H, m), 3.15-3.26 (3H, m), 3.47-3.58 (1H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 4.08-4.16 (1H, m), 4.50-4.59 (1H, m), 7.29-7.33 (2H, m).
ESI-MS; 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) as propan-1-one : m / z = 265 (M + H) ⁺ .

(Comparative Example 2) Synthesis of 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one sulfate monohydrate:
[Chemical 67]

　1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one (6.72 g, 25.4 mmol) Concentrated sulfuric acid (2.49 g, 25.4 mmol), water (1.83 g, 102 mmol) and 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl) in a DMSO (100 mL) solution. Seed crystals (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) of -1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one sulfate monohydrate were added at 80 ° C. The reaction was stirred at the same temperature for 2.5 hours, at 50 ° C. for 2.5 hours and at room temperature for 15 hours. The precipitated white solid was collected by filtration, washed successively with DMSO (20 mL) and methyl ethyl ketone (40 mL), dried at room temperature, and then 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl). -1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one sulfate monohydrate (8.42 g, 22.1 mmol, 87%) (hereinafter, the compound of Comparative Example 2) was obtained as white crystals.
^{1 1} H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ₆₎) δ: 1.36 (1H, m), 1.58 (1H, m), 1.95 (2H, br), 2.44-2.57 (1H, m), 2.65 (6H, s), 2.74-2.88 (4H, m), 3.00 (1H, t, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.22 (1H, m), 3.61 (3H, s), 4.02 (1H, d, J = 14.0 Hz), 4.47 (1H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz).
ESI-MS; 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-) As 1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one: m / z = 265 (M + H) ⁺ .

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PATENT

WO-2021153744

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021153744&_cid=P10-KS5N4C-23080-1

PATENT

WO-2021153743

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021153743&tab=FULLTEXT&_cid=P10-KS5MS1-18911-1

Novel crystalline polymorphic form of 1-(4-(dimethylamino) piperidin-1-yl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-one, useful as an analgesic in treating neuropathic pain and/or fibromyalgia.Pain is an experience with unpleasant sensations and emotions that occurs when or may cause tissue damage. Pain is mainly classified into nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain or psychogenic pain according to its cause. In addition, fibromyalgia is known as pain of unknown cause.
　Neuropathic pain is pathological pain caused by dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system itself, and is caused by direct damage or compression of nervous tissue even though nociceptors are not stimulated. It refers to the pain that occurs. As a therapeutic agent for neuropathic pain, an anticonvulsant, an antidepressant, anxiolytic, or an antiepileptic drug such as gabapentin or pregabalin is used.
　Fibromyalgia is a disease in which systemic pain is the main symptom and neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic nervous system symptoms are secondary symptoms. Pregabalin approved in the United States and Japan, duloxetine and milnacipran approved in the United States are mainly used as therapeutic agents for fibromyalgia, and non-approved agents for fibromyalgia are not approved. It has also been used for steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, opioid compounds, antidepressants, anticonvulsants and antiepileptic drugs. However, the therapeutic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid compounds are generally considered to be low (Non-Patent Document 1).
　On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses that certain substituted piperidins have cardiotonic activity, and Patent Document 2 discloses that an imidazole derivative exhibits an FXa inhibitory effect. Patent Document 3 suggests that the substituted piperidins may have a medicinal effect on overweight or obesity, and Patent Documents 4 to 6 and Non-Patent Document 2 indicate that the imidazole derivative has an analgesic effect. It is disclosed.
　In addition, the quality of pharmaceutical products needs to be maintained over a long period of time such as distribution and storage, and the compound as an active ingredient is required to have high chemical and physical stability. Therefore, as the active ingredient of a pharmaceutical product, a crystal that can be expected to have higher stability than an amorphous substance is generally adopted. Further, if crystals are obtained, a purification effect due to recrystallization during production can be expected. Further, it is preferable to have low hygroscopicity from the viewpoint of maintaining stability and handling during manufacturing, storage, formulation and analysis of the drug substance. In addition, since a drug needs to be dissolved in the digestive tract in order to exhibit its medicinal effect, it is preferable that the drug has excellent solubility, which is a physical property contrary to stability.
　In order to obtain crystals of a compound that is an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical product, it is necessary to study various conditions for precipitating crystals from the solution. It is common to carry out crystallization under the condition of being dissolved in.

Patent documents

Patent Document 1: French Patent Invention No. 2567885
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-0083664
Patent Document 3: International Publication No. 2003/031432
Patent Document 4: International Publication No. 2013/147160
Patent Document 5: International Publication No. 2015/046403
Patent Document 6: International Publication No. 2016/136944

Non-patent literature

Non-Patent Document 1: Okifuji et al., Pain and Therapy, 2013, Volume 2, p. 87-104
Non-Patent Document 2: Takahashi et al., Toxicological Pathology, 2019, Vol. 47. p. 494-503

Compound (I) was synthesized by the method described in the following reference example. For the compounds used in the synthesis of the reference example compounds for which the synthesis method is not described, commercially available compounds were used.
(Reference Example 4) Synthesis of amorphous compound (I):
[Chemical formula 2] 2 of

crude ethyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propanol (5.00 g, 27.4 mmol) Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1.0N, 30.2 mL, 30.2 mmol) was added to a solution of -propanol (55 mL) at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. 2-Propanol (220 mL) was added to the reaction solution at room temperature, and crude 4- (dimethylamino) piperidine (3.17 g, 24.7 mmol) and DMT-MM (8.35 g, 30.2 mmol) were added at room temperature to react. The liquid was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hours. A 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution and a 1.0N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound (I) (6.98 g) as an amorphous substance.
^{1 1} H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ: 1.29-1.43 (2H, m), 1.80-1.88 (2H, m), 2.27 (6H, s), 2.29-2.38 (1H, m), 2.54-2.63 (1H, m), 2.88-3.04 (5H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.98-4.05 (1H, m), 4.57-4.65 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz) ), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz).
ESI-MS: m / z = 265 (M + H) ⁺ .
(Reference Example 5) Synthesis of crude 4- (dimethylamino) piperidine:
[Chemical

formula 3] 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- (dimethylamino) piperidine (20.1 g, 77.0 mmol) in methanol (154.0 mL) Palladium-carbon (10% wet, 2.01 g) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product of 4- (dimethylamino) piperidine (9.86 g).
(Reference Example 6) Synthesis of crude ethyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propanoate:
[Chemical

formula 4] Sodium hydride (55%, 4.36 g, 100 mmol) aqueous solution and tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) To the mixture was added triethylphosphonoacetate (19.1 mL, 95.0 mmol) at 0 ° C. After stirring the reaction solution for 20 minutes, a solution of 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-carbaldehyde (10.0 g, 91.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) was added at 0 ° C., and then ethanol (30 mL) was added in the same manner. The mixture was added at temperature and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. A 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, chloroform / methanol). After adding methanol (310 mL) to the residue, palladium-carbon (10% wet, 1.40 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product (14.2 g) of ethyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propanoate.
(Reference Example 7) Synthesis of 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- (dimethylamino) piperidine:
[Chemical

formula 5] dichloromethane (55.7 mL) of 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-oxopiperidine (13.0 g, 55.7 mmol) ) Solution of dimethylamine in tetrahydrofuran (2.0 M, 34.8 mL, 69.7 mmol), acetic acid (0.32 mL, 5.6 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (4.8 g, 22.6 mmol). Added at ° C. After stirring the reaction solution at the same temperature for 30 minutes, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (4.8 g, 22.6 mmol) was added at 0 ° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (8.1 g, 38.2 mmol) was added at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to 0 ° C. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, n-hexane / ethyl acetate) and then again by flash chromatography (silica gel, chloroform / methanol) to obtain 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- (dimethylamino) piperidine (dimethylamino) piperidine. 13.6 g, 51.8 mmol, 93%) was obtained as a colorless oil.
^{1 1} H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃) δ: 1.34-1.46 (2H, m), 1.78-1.86 (2H, m), 2.28 (6H, s), 2.29-2.34 (1H, m), 2.75-2.85 (2H, m), 4.14-4.28 ( 2H, m), 5.12 (2H, s), 7.29-7.36 (5H, m).
ESI-MS: m / z = 263 (M + H) ⁺ .
(Reference Example 8) Synthesis of 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-oxopiperidine:
[Chemical

formula 6] Hydrochloride (130 mL) and water (130 mL) of 4-piperidinone hydrochloride monohydrate (10.0 g, 65.1 mmol) Sodium carbonate (13.8 g, 130.2 mmol) and benzyl chloroformate (8.79 mL, 61.8 mmol) were added to the mixed solution with and at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, n-hexane / ethyl acetate) to give 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-oxopiperidine (13.1 g, 56.2 mmol, 86%) as a colorless oil.
^{1 1} H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ: 2.42-2.50 (4H, m), 3.78-3.82 (4H, m), 5.18 (2H, s), 7.32-7.38 (5H, m).
(Example 1) Production of A-type crystal of
compound (I): Amorphous compound (6.98 g) of compound (I) prepared in Reference Example 4 is purified and concentrated with chloroform / methanol by silica gel column chromatography. After that, the wall surface of the flask was rubbed with a spartel and mechanical stimulation was applied to obtain A-type crystals of compound (I) as a powder. For the obtained crystals, measurement of powder X-ray diffraction using a powder X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku Co., Ltd .; 2200 / RINT ultima + PC) and TG-DTA using a TG-DTA device (Rigaku Co., Ltd .; TG8120) Was done. The results of these measurements are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Diffraction angle 2θ: 5.9, 16.5, 17.7, 20.8, 26.7 °
Endothermic peak: 55 ° C

PATENT

WO2013147160

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2013147160&_cid=P10-KS5MZ2-21335-1

Example 1 Synthesis of 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan-1-one:
[Chemical 27]

(E) )-Methyl 3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) acrylate (0.180 g, 1.08 mmol) in ethanol (4.0 mL) solution of palladium-carbon (10% wet, 15 mg) at room temperature In a hydrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Methanol (1.0 mL) was added to the obtained residue at room temperature to dissolve it, and the mixture was cooled to 0 ° C. An aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1.0 N, 1.19 mL, 1.19 mmol) was added to the reaction solution at 0 ° C., the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Chloroform (10.0 mL) was added to the obtained residue at room temperature to dissolve it. Add diisopropylethylamine (0.568 mL, 3.25 mmol), HBTU (0.616 g, 1.63 mmol) and 4- (dimethylamino) piperidine (0.125 g, 0.975 mmol) to the reaction solution at room temperature, and add the reaction solution. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 16 hours. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with a 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (NH silica gel, chloroform / methanol) and 1- (4- (dimethylamino) piperidine-1-yl) -3- (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) propan- 1-one (0.179 g, 0.68 mmol, 63%) (hereinafter, the compound of Example 1) was obtained as a colorless oil.
^{1 1} H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃) δ: 1.29-1.43 (2H, m), 1.80-1.88 (2H, m), 2.27 (6H, s), 2.29-2.38 (1H, m), 2.54-2.63 (1H, m), 2.88-3.04 ( 5H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 3.98-4.05 (1H, m), 4.57-4.65 (1H, m), 6.79 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 1.2 Hz).
ESI-MS: m / z = 265 (M + H) ⁺ .

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date
WO-2016136944-A1	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27
JP-WO2013147160-A1	Cyclic amine derivatives and their pharmaceutical use	2012-03-29
TW-201350119-A	Cyclic amine derivatives and their medical uses	2012-03-29
WO-2013147160-A1	Cyclic amine derivative and use thereof for medical purposes	2012-03-29

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date	Grant Date
RU-2667062-C1	Dynamic cyclic amine and pharmaceutical application thereof	2015-02-27	2018-09-14
TW-201639826-A	Cyclic amine derivatives and their medical uses	2015-02-27
TW-I682927-B	Cyclic amine derivatives and their medical uses	2015-02-27	2020-01-21
US-10173999-B2	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27	2019-01-08
US-2018065950-A1	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date	Grant Date
EP-3263565-A1	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27
EP-3263565-B1	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27	2019-06-26
ES-2744785-T3	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27	2020-02-26
JP-6569671-B2	Cyclic amine derivatives and their pharmaceutical use	2015-02-27	2019-09-04
JP-WO2016136944-A1	Cyclic amine derivatives and their pharmaceutical use	2015-02-27

Publication Number	Title	Priority Date	Grant Date
WO-2019189781-A1	Agent for inhibiting rise in intraneuronal calcium concentration	2018-03-30
AU-2016224420-A1	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27
AU-2016224420-B2	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27	2019-08-22
CA-2977614-A1	Cyclic amine derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof	2015-02-27
CN-107250128-B	Cyclic amine derivatives and its medical usage	2015-02-27	2019-07-26

//////////TRK-700, phase 1, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, toray

O=C(CCc1nccn1C)N1CCC(CC1)N(C)C

PRN 473, SAR 444727

July 18, 2021 2:45 am / Leave a comment

2-[(3R)-3-[4-Amino-3-(2-fluoro-4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine-1-carbonyl]-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enenitrile.png

SAR-444727

1414354-91-8C₃₀ H₃₀ F N₇ O_{2 Molecular Weight539.60}1-Piperidinepropanenitrile, 3-[4-amino-3-(2-fluoro-4-phenoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]-α-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-β-oxo-, (3R)-

(3R)-3-[4-Amino-3-(2-fluoro-4-phenoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]-α-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-β-oxo-1-piperidinepropanenitrile

2-(3-(4-amino~3-(2-fiuoro~4-phenoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl)-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enenitrile

OriginatorPrincipia Biopharma
ClassSmall molecules
Mechanism of ActionAgammaglobulinaemia tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Phase IAutoimmune disorders
DiscontinuedArthritis

28 Sep 2020Principia Biopharma has been acquired by Sanofi
22 Jun 2020Principia Biopharma plans a pharmacokinetic phase I trial (In volunteers) for Hypersensitivity (for Immunoglobulin E-mediated allergies) in Australia (Topical) (ACTRN12620000693921)
10 Mar 2020Phase-I clinical trials in Autoimmune disorders (In volunteers) in Australia (Topical)
US 8957080
US 8673925
WO 2014022569
WO 2013191965
WO 2012158764

Useful for treating pemphigus vulgaris, immune thrombocytopenia, inflammatory bowel disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, multiple sclerosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and ankylosing spondylitis. Principia Biopharma is developing a topical formulation PRN-473 (presumed to be SAR-444727), a reversible covalent bruton’s (BTK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, developed based on Principia’s reversible, tailored covalency platform, for treating immune-mediated diseases [phase I, July 2021]. Principia Biopharma was also investigating BTK inhibitors , developed based on Principia’s reversible, tailored covalency platform, for treating hematologic malignancies [no development reported since July 2019]. At the time of publication, Zhu was also affiliated with Nurix Therapeutics , while By and Phiasivongsa were based at Rain Therapeutics and Kronos Bio , respectively.

PATENT

WO-2021142131

Novel crystalline polymorphic forms (I to V) of PRN-473 and their preparation method.

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021142131&_cid=P22-KR7EAJ-62766-1

CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF 2- [3- [4- AMINO-3-(2- FLUORO-4-PHENOXY- PHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIMIDIN-1-YL]PIPERIDINE-1-CARBONYL]- 4,4-DIMETHYLPENT-2-ENENITRILE

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/958,389, filed January 8, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

Disclosed herein are crystalline forms of 2-(3-(4-amino~3-(2-fiuoro~4-phenoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl)-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enenitrile (Compound (I)), methods of using the same, and processes for making Compound (I), including its various crystalline forms. The crystalline forms of Compound (I) are inhibitors of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). The enzyme BTK is a member of the Tec family non-receptor tyrosine kinases.

BTK is expressed in most hematopoietic cells, including B cells, mast cells, and macrophages. BTK plays a role in the development and activation of B cells and has been implicated in multiple signaling pathways across a wide range of immune-mediated diseases. BTK activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several disorders and conditions, such as B cel1-related hematological cancers (e.g,, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and autoimmune diseases (e.g, rheumatoid arthritis,

Sjogren’s syndrome, pemphigus, IBD, lupus, and asthma).

Compound (I) and various solid forms thereof may inhibit BTK and be useful in the treatment of disorders and conditions mediated by BTK activity. Compound (I) is disclosed as, e.g., Compound 125A in Table 1 of WO 2012/158764 and has the following structure:

Example 1: Preparation of Crystalline Form (I) of Compound (I)

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK; 6 mL) was added to amorphous (R)-2-(3-(4-amino-3- (2-fluoro-4-phenoxyphenyJ)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl)piperidine-1-carbonyl)-4,4- dimethylpent-2-enenitrile (1,0 g) and stirred to fonn a solution. After approximately five minutes of agitation, a precipitate began to form. Additional MIBK (10 mL) was charged, and the slurry was stirred. After approximately ten days, the solid was filtered and rinsed with MIBK (10 mL). The solid was dried under vacuum with heating to afford approximately 0.5 g of crystalline Form (I) of Compound (I) as a white solid.

PATENT

WO2012158764 , claiming BTK tyrosine kinase inhibitors, useful for treating cancer.

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2012158764A1/en

WO 2012/158764 125A

PATENT

US20210205313

PATENT

US20210205312 ,

for concurrently published filings, claiming a gel composition comprising PRN-473 and use of another BTK tyrosine kinase inhibitor ie PRN1008 , respectively.

PATENT

WO2016100914 , claiming use of a BTK inhibitor ie PRN-473, alone or in combination with corticosteroid therapy, for treating pemphigus vulgaris.

PATENT

WO 2014022569

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014022569A1/en

//////// PRN-473, PRN 473, SAR 444727, PHASE 1

CC(C)(C)C=C(C#N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H](C1)n1nc(c2c(N)ncnc21)c1ccc(Oc2ccccc2)cc1F

NEW DRUG APPROVALS

ONE TIME

$10.00

PF-07321332, Nirmatrelvir

April 8, 2021 7:55 am / 1 Comment on PF-07321332, Nirmatrelvir

PF-07321332

Nirmatrelvir

UNII-7R9A5P7H32

7R9A5P7H32

PF07321332

CAS 2628280-40-8

C₂₃H₃₂F₃N₅O₄, 499.5

(1R,2S,5S)-N-[(1S)-1-cyano-2-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl]-3-[(2S)-3,3-dimethyl-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)amino]butanoyl]-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxamide

Paxlovid

(1R,2S,5S)-N-((1S)-1-Cyano-2-((3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)ethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-L-valyl)-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexane-2-carboxamide

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04756531

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SYN

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34726479/

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl4784

Science. 2021 Dec 24;374(6575):1586-1593. doi: 10.1126/science.abl4784. Epub 2021 Nov 2.

An oral SARS-CoV-2 M ^pro inhibitor clinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19

Dafydd R Owen¹,

file:///C:/Users/Inspiron/Downloads/science.abl4784_sm.pdf

The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. Alongside vaccines, antiviral therapeutics are an important part of the healthcare response to countering the ongoing threat presented by COVID-19. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of PF-07321332, an orally bioavailable SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor with in vitro pan-human coronavirus antiviral activity and excellent off-target selectivity and in vivo safety profiles. PF-07321332 has demonstrated oral activity in a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model and has achieved oral plasma concentrations exceeding the in vitro antiviral cell potency in a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy human participants.

Synthesis of PF-07321332 (Compound 6): Anhydrous, MTBE solvate form

(1R,2S,5S)-N-{(1S)-1-Cyano-2-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl}-6,6-dimethyl-3-[3-methyl-N- (trifluoroacetyl)-L-valyl]-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxamide (1 eq tert-butyl methyl ether solvate) (6, MTBE solvate). This experiment was carried out in 2 parallel batches. Methyl N- (triethylammoniosulfonyl)carbamate, inner salt (Burgess reagent; 69.3 g, 276 mmol) was added to a solution of T18 (61 g, 111 mmol) in dichloromethane (550 ml). After the reaction mixture had been stirred at 25 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by a mixture of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (200 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 ml). The separated organic phase was concentrated. The resulting residue was dissolved in 50% ethyl acetate/ tert-butyl methyl ether (600 ml), washed by a mixture of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (200 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 ml) twice, saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (200 ml), a mixture of HCl (1 M; 200 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 ml) twice. The organic layer was then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was treated with a mixture of ethyl acetate and tert-butyl methyl ether (1:10, 400 ml) and heated to 50 °C; after stirring for 1 hour at 50 °C, it was cooled to 25 °C and stirred overnight. The solid was collected via filtration, dissolved in dichloromethane (100 ml) and filtered through silica gel (200 g); the silica gel was then washed with ethyl acetate (1 Liter), 10% methanol in ethyl acetate (2 Liters). The combined eluates were concentrated. The 2 batches were combined, taken up in a mixture of ethyl acetate and tert-butyl methyl ether (5:95, 550 ml). This mixture was heated to 50 °C for 1 h, cooled to 25 °C, and stirred overnight. Filtration afforded 6, MTBE solvate, as a white solid. Yield: 104 g, 75 %. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.43 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 9.03 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 4.97 (ddd, J = 10.9, 8.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 1H), 3.91 (dd, J = 10.4, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.17 – 3.11 (m, 1H), 3.07 (s, 3H, MTBE), 3.04 (td, J = 9.4, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (tdd, J = 10.4, 8.4, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.14 (ddd, J = 13.4, 10.9, 4.4 Hz,

1H), 2.11 – 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.76 – 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.57 (dd, J = 7.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 1.32 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.10 (s, 9H, MTBE), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H), 0.85 (s, 3H). Anal. Calcd for C23H32F3N5O4 .C5H12O: C, 57.23; H, 7.55; N, 11.92. Found: C, 57.08; H, 7.55; N, 11.85. mp = 118.8 oC

cry

Compound 6 (anhydrous MTBE solvate, 200 g, 332.8 mmol, 83.11 mass%) was charged into a reactor with overhead half-moon stirring at 350 rpm. Heptane (1000 ml) was charged, followed by isopropyl acetate (1000 ml) and the stirring was continued at 20 oC overnight. Additional heptane (1000 ml) was charged over 120 minutes. The reaction vessel was then cooled to 10 oC over 30 min and stirred at that temp for 3 days. The solid was filtered, washing with a mixture of isopropyl acetate (80 ml) and heptane (320 ml). It was then dried under vacuum at 50 °C to provide 6, anhydrous ‘Form 1’, as a white crystalline solid. Yield: 160.93 g, 322 mmol, 97%. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.43 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 9.03 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 4.97 (ddd, J = 10.9, 8.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 1H), 3.91 (dd, J = 10.4, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.17 – 3.11 (m, 1H), 3.04 (td, J = 9.4, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (tdd, J = 10.4, 8.4, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.14 (ddd, J = 13.4, 10.9, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.11 – 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.76 – 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.57 (dd, J = 7.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 1.32 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H), 0.85 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.50, 170.72, 167.45, 156.95 (q, J = 37.0 Hz), 119.65, 115.84 (q, J = 286.9 Hz), 60.08, 58.19, 47.63, 37.77, 36.72, 34.60, 34.15, 30.28, 27.34, 26.86, 26.26, 25.72, 18.86, 12.34. 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -72.94. HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z calcd. for C23H33F3N5O4 [M + H]+ 500.2474, found 500.2472. Anal. Calcd for C23H32F3N5O4: C, 55.30; H, 6.46; N, 14.02. Found: C, 55.30; H, 6.49; N, 13.96. mp = 192.9 oC

SYN

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters (2021), 50, 128333.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X21005606

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34418570/

pecific anti-coronaviral drugs complementing available vaccines are urgently needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Given its high conservation across the betacoronavirus genus and dissimilarity to human proteases, the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^pro) is an attractive drug target. SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors have been developed at unprecedented speed, most of them being substrate-derived peptidomimetics with cysteine-modifying warheads. In this study, M^pro has proven resistant towards the identification of high-affinity short substrate-derived peptides and peptidomimetics without warheads. 20 cyclic and linear substrate analogues bearing natural and unnatural residues, which were predicted by computational modelling to bind with high affinity and designed to establish structure-activity relationships, displayed no inhibitory activity at concentrations as high as 100 μM. Only a long linear peptide covering residues P₆ to P₅‘ displayed moderate inhibition (K_i = 57 µM). Our detailed findings will inform current and future drug discovery campaigns targeting M^pro.

SYN

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34498651/

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) (2021), 57(72), 9096-9099We present a detailed computational analysis of the binding mode and reactivity of the novel oral inhibitor PF-07321332 developed against the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease. Alchemical free energy calculations suggest that positions P3 and P4 could be susceptible to improvement in order to get a larger binding strength. QM/MM simulations unveil the reaction mechanism for covalent inhibition, showing that the nitrile warhead facilitates the recruitment of a water molecule for the proton transfer step.

PATENT

WO 2021234668

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021234668&_cid=P20-KX8D84-32732-1

SYNOral inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease for the treatment of COVID-19Owen, D., 261st Am Chem Soc (ACS) Natl Meet · 2021-04-05 Abst 243Synthesis of intermediate : Aminolysis of methyl N-Boc-3-[2-oxopyrrolidin-3(S)-yl]-L-alaninate in the presence of NH3 and subsequent N-deprotection using HCl leads to 2(S)-amino-3-[2-oxopyrrolidin-3(S)-yl]propenamide hydrochloride

Condensation of Boc-L-tert-leucine with methyl (1R,2S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylate using HATU gives the corresponding amide, which upon hydrolysis of methyl ester moiety in the presence of LiOH and subsequent N-deprotection by means of HCl affords intermediate,. N-Acylation of amine with ethyl trifluoroacetate yields diamide derivative, which upon condensation with 2(S)-amino-3-[2-oxopyrrolidin-3(S)-yl]propenamide hydrochloride using EDC and HOPO generates compound N-1 STEP. Burgess dehydration of amide derivative furnishes PF-7321332 .

In about November to December 2019 a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of pneumonia cases in Wuhan (China). It spread, resulting in an epidemic throughout China, and thereafter in other countries throughout the world. In February 2020, the World Health Organization designated the disease COVTD-19, which stands for coronavirus disease 2019. The virus is also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1)

COVID-19 is a betacoronavirus in the same subgenus as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus (as well as several bat coronaviruses), but in a different clade. The structure of the receptor- binding gene region is very similar to that of the SARS coronavirus, and the virus has been shown to use the same receptor, the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), for cell entry (2).

In the situation of rapidly increasing cases, inappropriate management of mild cases could increase the burden of healthcare system and medical costs. Viral clearance is a major standard in the assessment of recovery and discharge from medical care, but early results illustrated that the persistence of viral RNA is heterogeneous despite the rapid remission of symptoms and can last over three weeks even in very mild cases. In addition, long hospitalization stays may increase the risk for hospital-associated mental health problems and unexpected hospital-acquired infections. (9)

At the beginning, the outbreak identified an initial association with a seafood market that sold live animals in Wuhan, China. However, as the outbreak progressed, person-to-person spread became the main mode of transmission.

Person to person transmission is thought to occur mainly via respiratory droplets, resembling the spread of influenza. With droplet transmission, the virus is released in respiratory secretions when an infected person breathes, coughs, sneezes, or talks, and can infect another person if such secretions make direct contact with the mucous membranes. Infection can also occur if a person touches an infected surface and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets typically do not travel more than six feet (about two meters) and do not linger in the air. There is still controversy about this topic.

Whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through the airborne route (through particles smaller than droplets that remain in the air over time and distance) under natural conditions has been controversial.

Reflecting the current uncertainty regarding transmission mechanisms, recommendations on airborne precautions in the health care setting vary by location; airborne precautions are universally recommended when aerosol-generating procedures are performed.

It appears that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted prior to the development of symptoms and throughout the course of illness. However, most data informing this issue is from studies evaluating viral RNA detection from respiratory and other specimens, and detection of viral RNA does not necessarily indicate the presence of infectious virus.

A study suggested infectiousness started 2.3 days prior to symptom onset, peaked 0.7 days before symptom onset, and declined within seven days; however, most patients were isolated following symptom onset, which would reduce the risk of transmission later in illness regardless of infectiousness. These findings raise the possibility that patients might be more infectious in the earlier stage of infection, but additional data is needed to confirm this hypothesis (3).

How long a person remains infectious is also uncertain. The duration of viral shedding is variable; there appears to be a wide range, which may depend on severity of the illness. In one study of 21 patients with mild illness (no hypoxia), 90 percent had repeated negative viral RNA tests on nasopharyngeal swabs by 10 days after the onset of symptoms; tests were positive for longer in patients with more severe illness (4). In contrast, in another study of 56 patients with mild to moderate illness (none required intensive care), the median duration of viral RNA shedding from nasal or oropharyngeal specimens was 24 days, and the longest was 42 days (5). However, as mentioned above, detectable viral RNA does not always correlate with isolation of infectious virus, and there may be a threshold of viral RNA level below which infectivity is unlikely. In the study of nine patients with mild COVID-19 described above, infectious virus was not detected from respiratory specimens when the viral RNA level was <106 copies/mL (6).

Risk of transmission from an individual with SARS-CoV-2 infection varies by the type and duration of exposure, use of preventive measures, and likely individual factors (e.g., the amount of virus in respiratory secretions).

Antibodies against the virus are induced in those who have become infected. Preliminary evidence suggests that some of these antibodies are protective, but this remains to be definitively established. It is unknown whether all infected patients develop a protective immune response and how long any protective effect will last.

Diagnosis of COVID-19 is made by detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Various RT-PCR assays are used around the world; different assays amplify and detect different regions of the SARSCoV-2 genome. Common gene targets include nucleocapsid (N), envelope (E), spike (S), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), as well as regions in the first open reading frame (7).

Serologic tests detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood, and those that have been adequately validated can help identify patients who have had COVID-19. However, sensitivity and specificity are still not well defined. Detectable antibodies generally take several days to weeks to develop, for example, up to 12 days for IgM and 14 days for IgG(Si-

………………………………..

PF-07321332 (or nirmatrelvir) is an antiviral drug developed by Pfizer which acts as an orally active 3CL protease inhibitor. The combination of PF-07321332 with ritonavir has been in phase III trials for the treatment of COVID-19 since September 2021^[2][3][4] and is expected to be sold under the brand name Paxlovid.^[5] After promising results preventing hospitalization and death if given within the first 3 days of symptoms, Pfizer submitted an application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for emergency authorization for PF-07321332 in combination with ritonavir in November 2021.^[6]

PF-07321332 is an azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by {(1S)-1-cyano-2-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl}aminoacyl, 3-methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-L-valinamide, methyl and methyl groups at positions 2S, 3, 6 and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease which is currently under clinical development for the treatment of COVID-19. It has a role as an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a nitrile, a member of pyrrolidin-2-ones, a secondary carboxamide, a pyrrolidinecarboxamide, a tertiary carboxamide, an organofluorine compound and an azabicyclohexane.

Development

Pharmaceutical

Coronaviral proteases cleave multiple sites in the viral polyprotein, usually after glutamine residues. Early work on related human rhinoviruses showed that the flexible glutamine side chain could be replaced by a rigid pyrrolidone.^[7]^[8] These drugs had been further developed prior to the SARS CoV2 pandemic for other diseases including SARS.^[9] The utility of targeting the 3CL protease in a real world setting was first demonstrated in 2018 when GC376 (a prodrug of GC373) was used to treat the previously 100% lethal cat coronavirus disease, feline infectious peritonitis, caused by Feline coronavirus.^[10]

The Pfizer drug is an analog of GC373, where the aldehyde covalent cysteine acceptor has been replaced by a nitrile.^[11]^[12]

PF-07321332 was developed by modification of an earlier clinical candidate lufotrelvir,^[13]^[14] which is also a covalent inhibitor but its warhead is a phosphate prodrug of a hydroxyketone. However, lufotrelvir needs to be administered intravenously limiting its use to a hospital setting. Stepwise modification of the tripeptide protein mimetic led to PF-0732133, which is suitable for oral administration.^[1] Key changes include a reduction in the number of hydrogen bond donors, and the number of rotatable bonds by introducing the rigid bicyclic non-canonical amino acid, which mimics the leucine residue found in earlier inhibitors. This residue had previously been used in the synthesis of boceprevir.^[15]

Clinical

In April 2021, Pfizer began phase I trials.^[16] In September 2021, Pfizer began a phase II/III trial.^[17] In November 2021, Pfizer announced 89% reduction in hospitalizations of high risk patients studied when given within three days after symptom onset.^[5]

On December 14, Pfizer announced that Paxlovid, when given within three days of symptom onset, reduced risk of hospitalization or death by 89% compared to placebo in 2,246 high risk patients studied.^[18]

Chemistry and pharmacology

Full details of the synthesis of PF-07321332 were first published by scientists from Pfizer.^[1]

In the penultimate step, a synthetic homochiral amino acid is coupled with a homochiral amino amide using the water-soluble carbodiimide EDCI as coupling agent. The resulting intermediate is then treated with Burgess reagent, which dehydrates the amide group to the nitrile of the product.

PF-07321332 is a covalent inhibitor, binding directly to the catalytic cysteine (Cys145) residue of the cysteine protease enzyme.^[19]

In the drug combination, ritonavir serves to slow down metabolism of PF-07321332 by cytochrome enzymes to maintain higher circulating concentrations of the main drug.^[20]

Public health system reactions to development

Despite not being approved yet in any country, the UK placed an order for 250,000 courses after Pfizer´s press release in October 2021,^[21]^[22] and Australia pre-ordered 500,000 courses of the drug.^[23]

As of November 2021, the US government was expected to sign a contract to buy around 10 million courses of the combination treatment.^[24]^[25]

Legal status

In November 2021, Pfizer signed a license agreement with the United Nations–backed Medicines Patent Pool to allow PF-07321332 to be manufactured and sold in 95 countries.^[26] Pfizer stated that the agreement will allow local medicine manufacturers to produce the pill “with the goal of facilitating greater access to the global population”. However, the deal excludes several countries with major COVID-19 outbreaks including Brazil, China, Russia, Argentina, and Thailand.^[27]^[28]

On 16 November 2021, Pfizer submitted an application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for emergency authorization for PF-07321332 in combination with ritonavir.^[29]^[30]^[31]

Misleading comparison with ivermectin

Conspiracy theorists on the internet have claimed that Paxlovid is merely a “repackaged” version of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin, which has been erroneously promoted as a COVID-19 “miracle cure”. Their claims, sometimes using the nickname “Pfizermectin”,^[32] are based on a narrative that Pfizer is suppressing the true benefits of ivermectin and rely on superficial correspondences between the drugs and a misunderstanding of their respective pharmacokinetics.^[33] Paxlovid is not structurally related or similar to ivermectin, and while both are 3C-like protease inhibitors, Paxlovid is much more potent with an IC₅₀ around 10,000 times lower, allowing for effective oral dosing within the therapeutic margin.^[34]

References

^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c Owen DR, Allerton CM, Anderson AS, Aschenbrenner L, Avery M, Berritt S, et al. (November 2021). “An oral SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitor clinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19″. Science: eabl4784. doi:10.1126/science.abl4784. PMID 34726479. S2CID 240422219.
^ Vandyck K, Deval J (August 2021). “Considerations for the discovery and development of 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection”. Current Opinion in Virology. 49: 36–40. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2021.04.006. PMC 8075814. PMID 34029993.
^ Şimşek-Yavuz S, Komsuoğlu Çelikyurt FI (August 2021). “Antiviral treatment of COVID-19: An update”. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. doi:10.3906/sag-2106-250. PMID 34391321. S2CID 237054672.
^ Ahmad B, Batool M, Ain QU, Kim MS, Choi S (August 2021). “Exploring the Binding Mechanism of PF-07321332 SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitor through Molecular Dynamics and Binding Free Energy Simulations”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (17): 9124. doi:10.3390/ijms22179124. PMC 8430524. PMID 34502033.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Pfizer’s Novel COVID-19 Oral Antiviral Treatment Candidate Reduced Risk Of Hospitalization Or Death By 89% In Interim Analysis Of Phase 2/3 EPIC-HR Study”. Pfizer Inc. 5 November 2021.
^ Mahase E (November 2021). “Covid-19: Pfizer’s paxlovid is 89% effective in patients at risk of serious illness, company reports”. BMJ. 375: n2713. doi:10.1136/bmj.n2713. PMID 34750163. S2CID 243834203.
^ Anand K, Ziebuhr J, Wadhwani P, Mesters JR, Hilgenfeld R (June 2003). “Coronavirus Main Proteinase (3CLpro) Structure: Basis for Design of Anti-SARS Drugs”. Science. 300 (5626): 1763–1767. Bibcode:2003Sci…300.1763A. doi:10.1126/science.1085658. PMID 12746549. S2CID 13031405.
^ Dragovich PS, Prins TJ, Zhou R, Webber SE, Marakovits JT, Fuhrman SA, et al. (April 1999). “Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of irreversible human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors. 4. Incorporation of P1 lactam moieties as L-glutamine replacements”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 42 (7): 1213–1224. doi:10.1021/jm9805384. PMID 10197965.
^ Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam V, Hayashi Y, Jung SH (July 2016). “An Overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL Protease Inhibitors: Peptidomimetics and Small Molecule Chemotherapy”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 59 (14): 6595–6628. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01461. PMC 7075650. PMID 26878082.
^ Pedersen NC, Kim Y, Liu H, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Eckstrand C, Groutas WC, et al. (April 2018). “Efficacy of a 3C-like protease inhibitor in treating various forms of acquired feline infectious peritonitis”. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 20 (4): 378–392. doi:10.1177/1098612X17729626. PMC 5871025. PMID 28901812.
^ Halford B (7 April 2021). “Pfizer unveils its oral SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor”. Chemical & Engineering News. 99 (13): 7. doi:10.47287/cen-09913-scicon3. S2CID 234887434.
^ Vuong W, Khan MB, Fischer C, Arutyunova E, Lamer T, Shields J, et al. (August 2020). “Feline coronavirus drug inhibits the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and blocks virus replication”. Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4282. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18096-2. PMC 7453019. PMID 32855413.
^ Clinical trial number NCT04535167 for “First-In-Human Study To Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, And Pharmacokinetics Following Single Ascending And Multiple Ascending Doses of PF-07304814 In Hospitalized Participants With COVID-19 ” at ClinicalTrials.gov
^ Boras B, Jones RM, Anson BJ, Arenson D, Aschenbrenner L, Bakowski MA, et al. (February 2021). “Discovery of a Novel Inhibitor of Coronavirus 3CL Protease for the Potential Treatment of COVID-19”. bioRxiv: 2020.09.12.293498. doi:10.1101/2020.09.12.293498. PMC 7491518. PMID 32935104.
^ Njoroge FG, Chen KX, Shih NY, Piwinski JJ (January 2008). “Challenges in modern drug discovery: a case study of boceprevir, an HCV protease inhibitor for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection”. Accounts of Chemical Research. 41 (1): 50–59. doi:10.1021/ar700109k. PMID 18193821. S2CID 2629035.
^ Nuki P (26 April 2021). “Pfizer is testing a pill that, if successful, could become first-ever home cure for COVID-19”. National Post. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021.
^ “Pfizer begins dosing in Phase II/III trial of antiviral drug for Covid-19”. Clinical Trials Arena. 2 September 2021.
^ Press release (14 December 2021). “Pfizer Announces Additional Phase 2/3 Study Results Confirming Robust Efficacy of Novel COVID-19 Oral Antiviral Treatment Candidate in Reducing Risk of Hospitalization or Death”.
^ Pavan M, Bolcato G, Bassani D, Sturlese M, Moro S (December 2021). “Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD) Insights into the mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor PF-07321332”. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 36 (1): 1646–1650. doi:10.1080/14756366.2021.1954919. PMC 8300928. PMID 34289752.
^ Woodley M (19 October 2021). “What is Australia’s potential new COVID treatment?”. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP). Retrieved 6 November 2021.
^ “Pfizer Covid pill ‘can cut hospitalisations and deaths by nearly 90%'”. The Guardian. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ Mahase E (October 2021). “Covid-19: UK stockpiles two unapproved antiviral drugs for treatment at home”. BMJ. 375: n2602. doi:10.1136/bmj.n2602. PMID 34697079. S2CID 239770104.
^ “What are the two new COVID-19 treatments Australia has gained access to?”. ABC News (Australia). 17 October 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
^ “U.S. to Buy Enough of Pfizer’s Covid Antiviral Pills for 10 Million People”. The New York Times. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ Pager T, McGinley L, Johnson CY, Taylor A, Parker C. “Biden administration to buy Pfizer antiviral pills for 10 million people, hoping to transform pandemic”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
^ “Pfizer and The Medicines Patent Pool (MPP) Sign Licensing Agreement for COVID-19 Oral Antiviral Treatment Candidate to Expand Access in Low- and Middle-Income Countries” (Press release). Pfizer. 16 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021 – via Business Wire.
^ “Covid-19: Pfizer to allow developing nations to make its treatment pill”. BBC News. 16 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ “Pfizer Will Allow Its Covid Pill to Be Made and Sold Cheaply in Poor Countries”. The New York Times. 16 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ “Pfizer Seeks Emergency Use Authorization for Novel COVID-19 Oral Antiviral Candidate”. Business Wire (Press release). 16 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ Kimball S (16 November 2021). “Pfizer submits FDA application for emergency approval of Covid treatment pill”. CNBC. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ Robbins R (5 November 2021). “Pfizer Says Its Antiviral Pill Is Highly Effective in Treating Covid”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
^ Bloom J (2 December 2021). “How Does Pfizer’s Pavloxid Compare With Ivermectin?”. American Council on Science and Health. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
^ Gorski D (15 November 2021). “Pfizer’s new COVID-19 protease inhibitor drug is not just ‘repackaged ivermectin'”. Science-Based Medicine.
^ von Csefalvay C (27 November 2021). “Why Paxlovid is not Pfizermectin”. Bits and Bugs. Chris von Csefalvay. Retrieved 28 November 2021.

External links

“PF-07321332”. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
“Early Data Suggest Pfizer Pill May Prevent Severe COVID-19”. National Institutes of Health. 16 November 2021.

Pfizer to make COVID-19 pill available in low- and middle-income nations

If authorized by global health authorities, the drug promises to reduce deaths and hospitalizations linked to

the novel coronavirus.

By Brian Buntz | November 16, 2021Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Share

In late October, Merck (NYSE:MRK) and its partner Ridgeback Biotherapeutics agreed to make the COVID-19 antiviral molnupiravir available in the developing world.

Now, Pfizer (NYSE:PFE) is taking a similar approach for its investigational antiviral cocktail Paxlovid, which contains PF-07321332 and ritonavir.

Pfizer, like Merck, struck an agreement with the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP) related to Paxlovid.

MPP’s mission is to expand low- and middle-income countries’ access to vital medicines. The United Nations supports the organization.

Pfizer announced earlier this month that Paxlovid was 89% effective in reducing the risk of hospitalization or death in an interim analysis of the Phase 2/3 EPIC-HR trial.

The collaboration with MPP will enable generic drug makers internationally with sub-licenses to produce Paxlovid for use in 95 countries, which comprise more than half of the world’s population.

“This license is so important because, if authorized or approved, this oral drug is particularly well-suited for low- and middle-income countries and could play a critical role in saving lives, contributing to global efforts to fight the current pandemic,” said Charles Gore, executive director of MPP, in a press release. “PF-07321332 is to be taken together with ritonavir, an HIV medicine we know well, as we have had a license on it for many years, and we will be working with generic companies to ensure there is enough supply for both COVID-19 and HIV.”

At present, MPP has signed agreements with ten patient holders for 13 HIV antiretrovirals and several other drugs.

Filed Under: clinical trials, Drug Discovery, Infectious Disease
Tagged With: Medicines Patent Pool, Merck, PF-07321332, Pfizer, Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, ritonavir

PFIZER INITIATES PHASE 1 STUDY OF NOVEL ORAL ANTIVIRAL THERAPEUTIC AGENT AGAINST SARS-COV-2

Tuesday, March 23, 2021 – 11:00am

In-vitro studies conducted to date show that the clinical candidate PF-07321332 is a potent protease inhibitor with potent anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2
This is the first orally administered coronavirus-specific investigational protease inhibitor to be evaluated in clinical studies, and follows Pfizer’s intravenously administered investigational protease inhibitor, which is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1b multi-dose study in hospitalized clinical trial participants with COVID-19

NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)– Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) announced today that it is progressing to multiple ascending doses after completing the dosing of single ascending doses in a Phase 1 study in healthy adults to evaluate the safety and tolerability of an investigational, novel oral antiviral therapeutic for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. This Phase 1 trial is being conducted in the United States. The oral antiviral clinical candidate PF-07321332, a SARS-CoV2-3CL protease inhibitor, has demonstrated potent in vitro anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2, as well as activity against other coronaviruses, suggesting potential for use in the treatment of COVID-19 as well as potential use to address future coronavirus threats.

“Tackling the COVID-19 pandemic requires both prevention via vaccine and targeted treatment for those who contract the virus. Given the way that SARS-CoV-2 is mutating and the continued global impact of COVID-19, it appears likely that it will be critical to have access to therapeutic options both now and beyond the pandemic,” said Mikael Dolsten, MD, PhD., Chief Scientific Officer and President, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical of Pfizer. “We have designed PF-07321332 as a potential oral therapy that could be prescribed at the first sign of infection, without requiring that patients are hospitalized or in critical care. At the same time, Pfizer’s intravenous antiviral candidate is a potential novel treatment option for hospitalized patients. Together, the two have the potential to create an end to end treatment paradigm that complements vaccination in cases where disease still occurs.”

Protease inhibitors bind to a viral enzyme (called a protease), preventing the virus from replicating in the cell. Protease inhibitors have been effective at treating other viral pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, both alone and in combination with other antivirals. Currently marketed therapeutics that target viral proteases are not generally associated with toxicity and as such, this class of molecules may potentially provide well-tolerated treatments against COVID-19.

The Phase 1 trial is a randomized, double-blind, sponsor-open, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose escalation study in healthy adults evaluating the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of PF-07321332.

Initiation of this study is supported by preclinical studies that demonstrated the antiviral activity of this potential first-in-class SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic designed specifically to inhibit replication of the SARS-CoV2 virus. The structure of PF-07321332, together with the pre-clinical data, will be shared in a COVID-19 session of the Spring American Chemical Society meeting on April 6.

Pfizer is also investigating an intravenously administered investigational protease inhibitor, PF-07304814, which is currently in a Phase 1b multi-dose trial in hospitalized clinical trial participants with COVID-19.

About Pfizer: Breakthroughs That Change Patients’ Lives

At Pfizer, we apply science and our global resources to bring therapies to people that extend and significantly improve their lives. We strive to set the standard for quality, safety and value in the discovery, development and manufacture of health care products, including innovative medicines and vaccines. Every day, Pfizer colleagues work across developed and emerging markets to advance wellness, prevention, treatments and cures that challenge the most feared diseases of our time. Consistent with our responsibility as one of the world’s premier innovative biopharmaceutical companies, we collaborate with health care providers, governments and local communities to support and expand access to reliable, affordable health care around the world. For more than 170 years, we have worked to make a difference for all who rely on us. We routinely post information that may be important to investors on our website at www.Pfizer.com. In addition, to learn more, please visit us on www.Pfizer.com and follow us on Twitter at @Pfizer and @Pfizer News, LinkedIn, YouTube and like us on Facebook at Facebook.com/Pfizer.

.CLIP

https://cen.acs.org/content/cen/articles/99/i13/Pfizer-unveils-oral-SARS-CoV.html

Drugmaker Pfizer revealed its oral COVID-19 antiviral clinical candidate PF-07321332 on Tuesday at the American Chemical Society Spring 2021 meeting. The compound, which is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials, is the first orally administered compound in the clinic that targets the main protease (also called the 3CL protease) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. By inhibiting the main protease, PF-07321332 prevents the virus from cleaving long protein chains into the parts it needs to reproduce itself. Dafydd Owen, director of medicinal chemistry at Pfizer, presented the compound in a symposium of the Division of Medicinal Chemistry.

Last year, Pfizer reported PF-07304814, a different small molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2’s main protease. The work to develop that compound began during the 2002-2003 outbreak of SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome. But that molecule can only be given intravenously, which limits its use to hospital settings.

Because PF-07321332 can be taken orally, as a pill or capsule, it could be given outside of hospitals if it proves to be safe and effective. People who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 could take it as a preventative measure, for example.

“For the foreseeable future, we will expect to see continued outbreaks from COVID-19. And therefore, as with all viral pandemics, it’s important we have a full toolbox on how to address it,” Charlotte Allerton, Pfizer’s head of medicine design, told C&EN.

PF-07321332 was developed from scratch during the current pandemic. It’s a reversible covalent inhibitor that reacts with one of the main protease’s cysteine residues. Owen also discussed the chemistry involved in scaling up the compound. The first 7 mg of the compound were synthesized in late July 2020. Encouraged by the early biological data, the Pfizer team aimed to scale up the synthesis. By late October, they’d made 100 g of the compound. Just two weeks later, the chemists had scaled up the synthesis to more than 1 kg. Owen said 210 researchers had worked on the project. Ana Martinez, who studies COVID-19 treatments at the Spanish National Research Council CSIC and also presented during the symposium, told C&EN that having a COVID-19 antiviral is of critical importance. She eagerly anticipates the safety and efficacy data from the trials of PF-07321332. “Hopefully we will have a new drug to fight against COVID-19,” Martinez said. And because the molecule targets the main protease, she said that it might be useful for fighting other coronaviruses and preventing future pandemics.Chemical & Engineering News

Clinical data

ATC code	None
Identifiers
show IUPAC name
CAS Number	2628280-40-8
PubChem CID	155903259
UNII	7R9A5P7H32
KEGG	D12244
ChEBI	CHEBI:170007
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₃H₃₂F₃N₅O₄
Molar mass	499.535 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Melting point	192.9^[1] °C (379.2 °F)
show SMILES
show InChI

Xray crystal structure (PDB:7SI9 and 7VH8) of the SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor PF-07321332 bound to the viral 3CLpro (Mpro) protease enzyme. Ribbon diagram of the protein with the drug shown as sticks. The catalytic residues (His41, Cys145) are shown as yellow sticks.

./////////////////PF-07321332, PF 07321332, COVID 19, CORONA VIRUS, SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor, PHASE 1, nirmatrelvir, PAXLOVID, CORONA VIRUS, COVID 19

C1N(C([C@@H]2C1[C@]2(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3C(NCC3)=O)C#N)C(C([C@@](C)(C)C)NC(=O)C(F)(F)F)=O

C1N(C(C2C1C2(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3C(NCC3)=O)C#N)C(C([C@@](C)(C)C)NC(=O)C(F)(F)F)=O

NEW DRUG APPROVALS

ONE TIME

$10.00

ABBV 744

March 11, 2020 11:32 am / Leave a comment

ABBV-744 Chemical Structure

ABBV 744

N-Ethyl-4-[2-(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-6-methyl-7-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide, N-ethyl-4-[2-(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-6-methyl-7-oxo-

Molecular Weight	491.55
Formula	C₂₈H₃₀FN₃O₄
CAS No.	2138861-99-9

ABBV-744 is a highly BDII-selective BET bromodomain inhibitor, used in the research of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and AIDS.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Phase I, AbbVie is evaluating oral agent ABBV-744 in early clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

PATENT

WO 2017177955

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017177955&tab=FULLTEXT

Bromodomains refer to conserved protein structural folds which bind to N-acetylated lysine residues that are found in some proteins. The BET family of bromodomain containing proteins comprises four members (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDt) . Each member of the BET family employs two bromodomains to recognize N-acetylated lysine residues typically, but not exclusively those found on transcription factors (Shi, J., et al. Cancer Cell 25 (2) : 210-225 (2014) ) or on the amino-terminal tails of histone proteins. Numbering from the N-terminal end of each BET protein the tandem bromodomains are typically labelled Binding Domain I (BDI) and Binding Domain II (BDII) . These interactions modulate gene expression by recruiting transcription factors to specific genome locations within chromatin. For example, histone-bound BRD4 recruits the transcription factor P-TEFb to promoters, resulting in the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell cycle progression (Yang et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 28: 967-976 (2008) ) . BRD2 and BRD3 also function as transcriptional regulators of growth promoting genes (LeRoy et al., Mol. Cell 30: 51-60 (2008) ) . BET family members were recently established as being important for the maintenance of several cancer types (Zuber et al., Nature 478: 524-528 (2011) ； Mertz et al； Proc. Nat’l. Acad. Sci. 108: 16669-16674 (2011) ； Delmore et al., Cell 146: 1-14, (2011) ； Dawson et al., Nature 478: 529-533 (2011) ) . BET family members have also been implicated in mediating acute inflammatory responses through the canonical NF-KB pathway (Huang et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 29: 1375-1387 (2009) ) resulting in the upregulation of genes associated with the production of cytokines (Nicodeme et al., Nature 468: 1119-1123, (2010) ) . Suppression of cytokine induction by BET bromodomain inhibitors has been shown to be an effective approach to treat inflammation-mediated kidney disease in an animal model (Zhang, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 287: 28840-28851 (2012) ) . BRD2 function has been linked to pre-disposition for dyslipidemia or improper regulation of adipogenesis, elevated inflammatory profiles and increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases (Denis, Discovery Medicine 10: 489-499 (2010) ) . The human immunodeficiency virus utilizes BRD4 to initiate transcription of viral RNA from stably integrated viral DNA (Jang et al., Mol. Cell, 19: 523-534 (2005) ) . BET bromodomain inhibitors have also been shown to reactivate HIV transcription in models of latent T cell infection and latent monocyte infection (Banerjee, et al, J. Leukocyte Biol. doi: 10.1189/jlb. 0312165) . BRDt has an important role in spermatogenesis that is blocked by BET bromodomain inhibitors (Matzuk, et al., Cell 150: 673-684 (2012) ) . Thus, compounds that inhibit the binding of BET family bromodomains to their cognate acetylated lysine proteins are being pursued for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory diseases, kidney diseases, diseases involving metabolism or fat accumulation, and some viral infections, as well as for providing a method for male contraception. Accordingly, there is an ongoing medical need to develop new drugs to treat these indications.

FIDANZE, Steven D., et al. BROMODOMAIN INHIBITORS. WO 2017177955 A1.

////////////ABBV 744, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML, Phase 1 , AbbVie

CC(O)(C)C1=CC(C(C2=C3NC(C(NCC)=O)=C2)=CN(C)C3=O)=C(OC4=C(C)C=C(F)C=C4C)C=C1

CC-90010

February 11, 2020 8:52 am / Leave a comment

CC-90010

C₂₁ H₂₁ N O₄ S, 383.46

CAS 1706738-98-8

1(2H)-Isoquinolinone, 4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-

4-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-1(2H)-isoquinolinone
4-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]-2-methylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one
4-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylsulfonylphenyl]-2-methylisoquinolin-1-one

Quanticel Pharmaceuticals Inc, Michael John Bennett Juan Manuel Betancort Amogh Boloor Stephen W. Kaldor Jeffrey Alan Stafford James Marvin Veal

Celgene (now a wholly owned subsidiary of Bristol-Myers Squibb ) , following its acquisition of Quanticel , is developing CC-90010, an oral inhibitor of BET (bromodomain and extraterminal) proteins, for the potential treatment of solid tumors and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In August 2019, a phase I trial for diffuse astrocytoma, grade III anaplastic astrocytoma and recurrent glioblastoma was planned

PATENT

WO2018075796 claiming solid composition comprising a bromodomain inhibitor, preferably 4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylsulfonylphenyl]-2-methylisoquinolin-1-one in crystalline form A.

PATENT

WO2015058160 (compound 89, page 103).

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=9B64008287A0D105A68DDF31141C7419.wapp1nA?docId=WO2015058160&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION

Example 89: 4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylsulfonylphenyl]-2-methylisoquinolin-l-one

Step 1 : 2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoquinolin-l-one

[00344] A suspension of 4-bromo-2-methylisoquinolin-l-one (100 mg, 0.42 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (214 mg, 0.84 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (31 mg, 0.04 mmol) and potassium acetate (104 mg, 1.05 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) under nitrogen was warmed up to 90 °C for 135 minutes. It was then cooled down to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate (8 mL). The mixture was washed with aqueous saturated solution of NaHC0₃ (8 mL) and brine (8 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifed by normal phase column chromatography (10-90% EtOAc/Hexanes) to give the title compound (44 mg, 37%). 1H NMR (CDC1₃, 400 MHz) δ 8.43 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.40 (dd, J = 8.2 Hz, 0.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.68 (s, 1 H), 7.65 (ddd, J = 8.2, 8.2, 1.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 12H). LCMS (M+H)⁺ 286. Step 2: 4-[2-(cyclopropylmethox -5-methylsulfonylphenyl]-2-methylisoquinolin-l-one

[00345] The title compound was prepared in a manner similar to Example 18, step 3, substituting 2-bromo-l-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylsulfonylbenzene for 4-bromo-2-methylisoquinolin-l(2H)-one and 2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoquinolin-l-one for N-benzyl-2-methoxy-5-(tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ 0.09 (m, 2 H), 0.29 (m, 1H), 0.35 (m, 1H),

0.94 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J =

8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.65 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J = 8.8,

2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H). LCMS (M+H)⁺ 384.

[00346] Alternatively, 4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylsulfonylphenyl]-2-methylisoquinolin-l-one can be prepared as described below.

Step 1 : 2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoquinolin-l-one

[00347] A mixture of 4-bromo-2-methylisoquinolin-l-one (8.0 g, 33.6 mmol),

bis(pinacolato)diboron (17.1 g, 67.2 mmol), KOAc (6.6 g, 67.2 mmol), Pd₂(dba)3 (3.1 g, 3.36 mmol) and X-Phos (1.6 g, 3.36 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (200 mL) was stirred at 60 °C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (PE : EA = 15 : 1) to give the title compound (6.0 g, 62 %) as a solid.

Step 2: 4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylsulfonylphenyl]-2-methylisoquinolin-l-one

[00348] The title compound from Step 1 (5.0 g, 17.5 mmol), 2-bromo-l-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methylsulfonylbenzene (6.4 g, 21 mmol), K₃PO₄ (9.3 g, 43.9 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (1.4 g, 1.75 mmol) in a dioxane/water (100 mL / 10 mL) mixture were stirred at 60 °C for 12 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EA : DCM = 1 : 4).

Appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure. The resultant solid was recrystallized from DCM / MTBE (1 : 1, 50 mL) to give the title compound (4.0 g, 60 %) as a white solid. 1H NMR: (CDC1₃, 400 MHz) δ 8.51 (dd, Ji = 8.0 Hz, J₂ = 0.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.98 (dd, Ji = 8.4 Hz, J₂ = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.86 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (m, 2 H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.10 (m, 2 H), 3.88 (m, 2 H), 3.66 (s, 3 H), 3.09 (s, 3 H), 1.02-0.98 (m, 1 H), 0.44-0.38 (m, 2 H), 0.11-0.09 (m, 2 H). LCMS: 384.1 (M+H)⁺

Patent

WO-2020023438

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020023438&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION&_cid=P10-K6HCMJ-20465-1

A process for preparing bromodomain inhibitor, particularly 4-[2(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-methylsulfonylphenyl]-2-methylisoquinolin-1-one (having HPLC purity of 99%; compound 1; (hereafter referred to as C-90010)) and its hydrates, solvates, prodrugs and salts comprising the reaction of a substituted 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenol compound with a quinoline derivative, followed by purification is claimed. Also claimed are novel intermediates of CC-90010 and their processes for preparation. Further claimed are novel crystalline form of CC-90010. CC-90010 is known and disclosed to be a bromodomain containing protein inhibitor, useful for treating cancer.

Scheme 10: Synthesis of Compound 1

[0090] Acetonitrile (1.6L) was charged to a mixture of Compound 2 (156.7g, 460 mmol), Compound 3 (lOOg, 420 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (223g, l.OSmol). Agitation

was begun and water (400mL) charged to the batch. The system was vacuum purged three times with nitrogen and charged with Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (2.9g, 4 mmol) and the system vacuum purged three times with nitrogen. The batch was heated to about 65 to about 75 °C (or any temperature in between and including these two values) and contents stirred for at least about 16 hours until reaction was complete by HPLC analysis. The batch was cooled to about 60 to about 70 °C (or any temperature in between and including these two values), agitation halted and the mixture allowed to settle. The bottom aqueous layer was removed. Water (150mL) and acetonitrile (700mL) were charged at about 60 to about 70°C (or any temperature in between and including these two values). Ecosorb C-941 (15g) and Celite (lOg) were charged to the reaction vessel at about 60 to about 70°C (or any temperature in between and including these two values). After lh, the mixture was filtered to remove solids. The solids were washed twice each with 18% water in acetonitrile (500 mL) at about 60 to about 70°C (or any temperature in between and including these two values). The filtrates were combined and concentrated under atmospheric pressure to a final volume of 1.5L. The batch was cooled to about 60 to about 65°C (or any temperature in between and including these two values) and seeded with Compound 1 (1 g). After lh, water (500 mL) was charged over at least 1 hour at about 60 to about 65°C (or any temperature in between and including these two values). The slurry was cooled to about 15 to about 25°C (or any temperature in between and including these two values) over 4 hours. The product was collected by suction filtration. The wet cake was washed with 45% water in acetonitrile (500mL) twice. The product was dried under vacuum at about 40°C with nitrogen purge. Yield: 139g of 1.

[0091] The above procedure for coupling Compound 3 and Compound 2 to produce

Crystallization: Different amounts of water, including 5 volumes to 50 volumes can be used.

The crystallization can also proceed without the addition of seeds. Different water addition times and final hold times can be used. Different wash procedures can be used. Drying: A temperature range of 10 to 60 °C could be used for drying. Catalysts: Different metal and ligand combination could be used. Examples of metal/ligand combinations can be found in Maluenda, Irene; Navarro, Oscar, Molecules, 2015, 20, 7528. Various catalysts can be including: XPhos-3G (cas# 1445085-55-1); cataCXium® A Pd 3G (CAS# 1651823-59-4); PdCk(DtBPF) (CAS# 95408-45-0); SPhos 3G (Cas# 1445085-82-4); AmPhos 3G (Cas# 1820817-64-8); PCy₃ 3G (Cas# 1445086-12-3); Pd PEPPSI IPent Cas#l 158652-41-5);

Pd(PPh₃)2Cb (Cas# 13965-03-2). Examples of catalyst systems that have been demonstrated to afford Compound 1 are listed below in Table 4 using boronic esters 2 or 7 in coupling to 3.

Table 4: Catalyst screen summary

VI. Purification of Compound 1 fCC-900101 bv crystallization from formic acid and water

[0092] Described herein are methods of purifying Compound 1 by crystallization from formic acid and water. Also described are methods for obtaining three different polymorphs of Compound 1, including the most stable form, Form 1 and two metastable forms, Form 4

The crystallization can also proceed without the addition of seeds. Different water addition times and final hold times can be used. Different wash procedures can be used. Drying: A temperature range of 10 to 60 °C could be used for drying. Catalysts: Different metal and ligand combination could be used. Examples of metal/ligand combinations can be found in Maluenda, Irene; Navarro, Oscar, Molecules, 2015, 20, 7528. Various catalysts can be including: XPhos-3G (cas# 1445085-55-1); cataCXium® A Pd 3G (CAS# 1651823-59-4); PdCh(DtBPF) (CAS# 95408-45-0); SPhos 3G (Cas# 1445085-82-4); AmPhos 3G (Cas# 1820817-64-8); PCy₃ 3G (Cas# 1445086-12-3); Pd PEPPSI IPent Cas#l 158652-41-5);

Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (Cas# 13965-03-2). Examples of catalyst systems that have been demonstrated to afford Compound 1 are listed below in Table 4 using boronic esters 2 or 7 in coupling to 3.

Table 4: Catalyst screen summary

VI. Purification of Compound 1 (CC-90010! bv crystallization from formic acid and water

33 -a

and Form 5. Supporting data (XRPD, DSC, photomicroscopy) for all three forms is provided in the examples below.

[0093] The stmcture of Compound 1 (CC-90010) is shown below:

Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1

[0217] Synthesis of compound 1 was accomplished according to Scheme 1 below. Referring to Scheme 1, synthesis commenced with bromination of starting material 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenol 4, to produce compound 5. Compound 5 was O-alkylated with (bromomethyl)cyclopropane to produce compound 6. Boronate Compound 2 was then formed by borylation of Compound 6 with Pd catalyst and bis(pinacolato)diboron to produce transient Compound 7, which was subsequenctly treated with diethanolamine (DBA) to afford cross-coupling partner Compound 2. Cross-coupling partner Compound 3 was formed in one pot starting from commercially available Compound 8. Compound 8 was N-methylated and brominated to afford Compound 3. Compounds 2 and 3 were cross-coupled (Norio, M. and Suzuki, A., Chem. Rev., 95(7), 2457-2483 (1995)) to afford the target compound 1.

Scheme 1: Synthesis of compound 1

1.1: Bromination of 4

[0218] The bromination of Compound 4 to produce Compound 5 itself is simple, however stopping at the mono-brominated Compound 5 was challenging. The bis-brominated Compound 5-a (see Scheme 2 below) is a particularly pernicious impurity as it couples downstream to form a di ffi cult-to-purge impurity.

Scheme 2: Bromination of Compound 4

[0219] The key to high purity with reasonable yield was to exploit the solubility differences of the starting material Compound 4 (46 mg/ml at 20 °C) and the product Compound 5 (8 mg/ml) in CH₂CI2. These solubility differences are summarized in Table 3 below.

[0220] This solubility difference is exploited by performing the reaction at a high

concentration to drive Compound 5 out of solution once formed, thereby minimizing its ability to react further with the brominating reagent to form Compound 5-a diBr. The reaction is seeded with Compound 5 to initiate its crystallization.

[0221] In Fig. 22 (Conversion of Compound 4 to Compound 5: Effect of Sulfuric Acid) it can be seen that in the absence of acid the initial reaction to Compound 5 is rapid, however the conversion plateaus at about 30% Compound 5. The main side product was found to be the impurity Compound 5-a diBr (see Fig. 23: Conversion of Compound 5 and Compound 5-a diBr: No H2SO4). Addition of increasing amounts of sulfuric acid leads to a higher conversion to desired Compound 5.

[0222] Fig. 24 (Compound 4 to Compound 5 Reaction Profile: Portion-wise Addition of NBS, Seeding) depicts further reaction control. The portion-wise addition ofNBS after addition of catalytic sulfuric acid minimizes the temperature rise, and the addition of Compound 5 after an initial NBS charge promotes the reactive crystallization of Compound 5. After about 6 to 7 hours of reaction it can be seen that the major product is Compound 5, with only a small (<5%) of the di-brominated impurity formed. In contrast, in a reaction where Compound 4 and all of the NBS were charged followed by the addition of 4 volumes of methylene chloride, a rapid exotherm resulted and undesired Compound 5-a diBr was found to be the major product.

[0223] Thus, the reaction was run under a high concentration in CH₂CI2 with a portion-wise solid addition of NBS (to control both availability of the electrophile and the exotherm). An end of reaction slurry sample typically showed not more than 5% of the starting material Compound 4 remaining. After filtration the crude cake was washed with cold CH₂CI2 and the OkCk-washed filter cake contained not more than 0.5% by weight dibrominated Compound 5-a. It also contained a large amount of HPLC-silent succinimide.

[0224] The following procedure was carried out: Compound 4 (25g, 145mmol) followed by CH₂CI2 (lOOmL) were added to a reaction vessel and agitated. The batch was adjusted to 17 °C to 23 °C. Sulfuric acid was charged (2.7mL, Slmmol) to the batch maintaining 17 °C to 23°C. The batch was stirred at 17 °C to 23 °C for 10 minutes to 20 minutes. The first portion of A-bromosuccimide (NBS) was charged (6.5g, 36.5 mmol) to the batch at 17 °C to 23°C and stirred for at least 30 min. The second portion of NBS was charged (6.5g, 36.5 mmol) to the batch at 17 °C to 23°C and stirred for at least 30 min. The batch was seeded with

Compound 5 (0.02wt) and stirred for ca. 30 min at 17 °C to 23 °C to induce crystallization.

[0225] The third portion of NBS was charged (6.5g, 36.5 mmol) to the batch at 17 °C to 23 °C and stirred for at least 30 min. NBS (6.5g, 36.5 mmol) was charged to the batch at 17 °C to 23 °C and stirred for at least 30 min. Additional CH₂CI2 was charged (50mL) to the batch while maintaining 17 °C to 23 °C to aid in agitation and transfer for filtration. The batch was stirred at 17 °C to 23 °C until complete by HPLC analysis (~20 – 40 h). The product was collected by suction filtration. The filter cake was slurry washed with CH₂CI2 (3 x 50mL) at 17 °C to 23 °C (target 20 °C). The filter cake was slurry washed with purified water (3.0vol) at 65 °C to 75 °C for 2 to 3 hours. Then, the filter cake was slurry washed with purified water (3 x 1.0 vol, 3 x 1.0 wt) at 17 °C to 23°C. The wet cake was dried under vacuum with nitrogen bleed at 60 °C. Yield: 27g 5 (74% molar) >97% by weight. ¾ NMR (500 MHz, de-DMSO) 8.01 (1H, d, ⁴J = 2.1 Hz, RO-Ar meta- H ), 7.76 (1H, dd, J = 8.6 and ⁴J = 2.1 Hz, RO-Ar meta-H ), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, RO-Ar ortho- H), 3.38 (1H, br s, OH), 3.20 (3H, s,

CHJ); MS (ES-) calc. 249/251; found 249/251. Melting point (MP): (DSC) 188 °C.

[0226] The above procedure allowed for the following modifications. Solvents: Alternative solvents could be used. Examples include chlorinated solvents, such as chloroform or 1,2 dichloroethane, and non-chlorinated solvents such as acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or 2- methyltetrahydrofuran. Reaction concentration: The reaction concentration can be varied from about 2X vol to about 20 X vol (with respect to Compound 4). Brominating agents: Additional brominating reagents include bromine and l,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Bromination reagent stoichiometry: Different amounts of the brominating reagent can be used, from about 0.8 equiv to about 1.9 equiv. Bromination reagent addition: The brominating reagent can be added all at once, portion wise in about 2 to about 20 portions, or continuously. The addition times can vary from about 0 to about 72 hours. Temperature: Reaction temperatures from about 0 °C to about 40 °C could be used. Acids: Different acids can be envisioned, including benzenesulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid, triflic acid, hydrobromic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid. Isolation: Instead of directly filtering the product and washing with methylene chloride and water, at the end of reaction an organic solvent capable of dissolving Compound 5 could be charged, followed by an aqueous workup to remove succinimide, and addition of an antisolvent or solvent exchange to an appropriate solvent to crystallize Compound 4. Drying: A temperature range of about 10 to about 60 °C could be used for drying.

[0227] An alternative process to Compound 5 has also been developed. This process is advantageous in that it does not use a chlorinated solvent, and provides additional controls over the formation of the Compound 5-a dibromo impurity. See Oberhauser, T. J Org. Chem 1997, 62, 4504-4506. The process is as follows. Compound 4 (10 g, 58 mmol) and acetonitrile (100 ml) were charged to the reactor and agitated. The batch was cooled to -20 °C. Triflic acid (CF3SO3H or TfOH, 5.5 mL, 62 mmol) was charged while maintaining a batch temperature of -10 to -25 °C. N-bromosuccinimide was charged (NBS, 11.4 g, 64 mmol), stirred at -10 to -25 °C for 30 minutes, then warmed to 20 °C over 3 to 4 hours. Agitation was continued at 15 °C to 25 °C until reaction completion. If the reaction conversion plateaued before completion, the reaction was cooled to -5 to -15 °C, and additional NBS was added, the amount based off of unreacted starting material, followed by warming to 15 °C to 25 °C and reacting until complete.

[0228] After reaction completion, the batch was warmed to 40 °C to 50 °C and concentrated under reduced pressure to 40 mL. The batch was cooled to -5 °C to -15 °C and the resulting product solids were filtered off. The solids were slurry washed three times, each with 20 mL water, for at least 15 minutes. The final cake was dried at 50 °C to 60 °C under reduced pressure to furnish 10 g of 5 containing less than 0.1% MeCN, 0.07% water, and 0.1% triflic acid (TfOH) by weight.

[0229] Alternatives to the above procedure employing MeCN and TfOH are as follows. Brominating agents: Additional brominating reagents include bromine and l,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Bromination Reagent Stoichiometry: Different amounts of the brominating reagent can be used, from about 0.8 equiv to about 2 equiv. Drying: A temperature range of about 10 °C to about 60 °C could be used for drying.

[0230] The impurity 5-a is was prepared and characterized as follows. 10 g of Compound 4 and sulfuric acid (35 mol%) were dissolved in MeOH (10 vol). The mixture was set to stir at 20 °C to 25 °C for 5-10 min and 2.0 equivalents of NBS were charged in one portion. The resulting yellow mixture was stirred for three days at 20-25 °C. The batch was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting solid was slurried in water at 95-100 °C for 3 hours. After a second overnight slurry in CH₂CI2 at room temperature, the batch was filtered and dried to give a white solid 5-a (15.0 g, 78%). ¾ NMR (500 MHz, de-DMSO), 8.05 (2H, s, ArH), 3.40 (1H, br s, HO-Ar), 3.28 (3H, s, CH₃); MS (ES^‘) calc. 327/329/331; found

327/329/331; MP (DSC): 226 °C (onset 221 °C, 102 J/g); lit. 224-226 °C.

1.2: O-alkylation of 5 to produce 6

[0231] Compound 6 was prepared according to Scheme 7 below.

Scheme 7: O-alkylation of 5 to produce 6

[0232] Compound 5 (100 g, 398 mmol) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, 700 mL) were charged to the reaction vessel and agitated. Potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 325 mesh 82.56 g, 597 mmol) was then charged to the stirred reaction vessel at 15 °C to 25 °C.

Bromomethylcyclopropane (64.4 mL, 664 mmol) was charged to the reaction vessel over at least 1 hour, maintaining the temperature between 15 °C to 25 °C. MEK (200 mL) was added into the reactor and the reactor heated to 65 to 75 °C. The contents of the reaction vessel were stirred at 65 to 75°C for approximately 10 hours until reaction was complete by HPLC analysis. Water (3.0 vol, 3.0wt) was charged to the vessel maintaining the temperature at 65 to 75 °C. The batch was stirred at 65 to 75 °C. The phases were allowed to separate at 65°C to 75 °C and the lower aqueous phase was removed. Water (300 mL) was charged to the vessel maintaining the temperature at 65 °C to 75 °C. The batch was agitated for at least 10 minutes at 65 to 75 °C. The phases were allowed to separate at 65 °C to 75 °C and the lower aqueous phase was removed. The water wash was repeated once. The temperature was adjusted to 40 to 50°C. The mixture was concentrated to car. 500 mL under reduced pressure. The mixture was distilled under reduced pressure at up to 50 °C with MEK until the water content was <1.0% w/w. n-heptane (500mL) was charged to the vessel maintaining the temperature at 40 to 50 °C. The mixture was continuously distilled under vacuum with n-heptane (300mL), maintaining a 1L volume in the reaction vessel. Compound 6 seeds (0.0 lwt) were added at 40 to 50 °C. The mixture was continuously distilled under reduced pressure at up to 50 °C with n-heptane (300mL) while maintaining 1L volume in the reactor. The batch was cooled to 15 to 25 °C and aged for 2 hours. The product was collected by suction filtration. The filter cake was washed with a solution of 10% MEK in n-heptane (5vol) at 15 to 25°C. The filter cake was dried under reduced pressure at up to 40 °C under vacuum with nitrogen flow to afford 95g of 6. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, de-DMSO) 8.07 (1H, d, ⁴J = 2.2 Hz, ArH), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, meta-ArH), 7.29 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, ortho-AiK),

4.04 (2H, d, J = 6.9 Hz, OCH₂CH), 3.21 (3H, s, CH₃), 1.31-1.24 (1H, m, OCH), 0.62- 0.58 (2H, m, 2 x CHCHaHb), 0.40-0.37 (2H, m, 2 x CHC¾Hb); MS (ES⁺) calc. 305/307; found 305/307; MP: (DSC) 93 °C.

[0233] The following modifications of the above reaction, synthesis of 6 from 5, may be employed as well. Solvent: Different solvents could be used, for example acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, or 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran. Reaction volume: Reaction volumes of 3 to 30 volumes with respect to 3 could be used. Base: Different inorganic bases, such as cesium carbonate or phosphate bases (sodium, potassium, or cesium) could be used. Also, organic bases, such as trimethylamine or diisopropyldiimide could be used. Base particle size: Different particle sizes of potassium carbonate from 325 mesh could be used. Reaction temperature: A lower temperature, such

as 50 °C could be used. A higher temperature, such as about 100 °C could be used. Any temperature above the boiling point of the solvent could be run in a pressure vessel.

Isolation: Different solvent ratios of MEK to n-heptane could be used. Different amounts of residual water can be left. Different amounts of seeds, from 0 to 50% could be used.

Seeding could take place later in the process and/or at a lower temperature. An un-seeded crystallization can be employed. A different isolation temperature, from 0 °C to 50 °C could be used. A different wash could be used, for example a different ratio of MEK to n-heptane. A different antisolvent from n-heptane could be used, such as hexane, pentane, or methyl tert-butyl ether. Alternatively, the batch could be solvent exchanged into a solvent where Compound 3 has a solubility of less than 100 mg/ml and isolated from this system. Drying: A temperature range of 10 to 60 °C could be used for drying.

[0234] Compound 10, shown below may also be formed as a result of O-alkylation of unreacted 4 present in product 5, or alternatively from or via a palladium mediated proteodesbromination or proteodesborylation in subsequent chemistry discussed in Example 1.3 below.

[0235] Preparation of methylsulfonylphenyl(cyclopropylmethyl) ether 10: Compound 4 (0.86 g, 5.0 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.04 g, 7.5 mmol) were slurried in acetone (17 mL, 20 vols). Cyclopropylmethyl bromide (0.73 mL, 7.5 mmol) was added in several small portions over ~1 minute and the reaction mixture heated to 50 °C for 48 hours, then cooled to 25 °C. Water (5.0 mL) was added with stirring and the acetone was evaporated on a rotary evaporator from which a fine white solid formed which was filtered off and returned to a vessel as a damp paste. A 1 : 1 mixture of MeOH/ water (8 mL) was added and heated to 40 °C with stirring. After 1 hour, the white solid was filtered off. Some residual solid was washed out with fresh water that was also rinsed through the cake, which was then isolated and left to air dry over the two days to give a dense white solid 10 (1.00 g, 88%). ¾ NMR (500 MHz, CDCb) 7.85

(2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, RO-Ar ortho-H), 7.00 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, RO-Ar meta- H), 3.87 (2H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, OCH₂CH), 3.02 (3H, s, CHs), 1.34-1.23 (1H, m, OCH₂CH), 0.72-0.60 (2H, m, 2 x CHCH_flHb), 0.42-0.31 (2H, m, 2 x CHCH^.

1.3: Synthesis and Isolation Coupling Partner Boronic Ester 2

[0236] The final bond forming step to Compound 1 is a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between Compounds 2 and 3, as shown in Scheme 3 below (Norio, M. and Suzuki, A., Chem. Rev., 95(7), 2457-2483 (1995)). Early studies demonstrated that the boronic ester of the isoquinolinone Compound 3-a had poor physical attributes and solid phase stability (Kaila, N. et al., J. Med Chem., 57: 1299-1322 (2014)). The pinacolatoboronate of the O-alkyl phenol, Compound 7, had acceptable solid phase stability and could be isolated via crystallization.

Scheme 3: Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between 2 and 3

[0237] Process robustness studies for the isolation of Compound 7, however, indicated that Compound 7 has poor solution stability, decomposing primarily to the proteodeborylated compound 10, as shown in Scheme 4 below. This was particularly problematic as the isolation process involved a solvent exchange from 2-MeTHF (2-methyl tetrahydrofuran) to iPrOAc (isopropyl acetate), which is not a fast unit operation on scale.

Scheme 4: Modification of 7

[0238] A search for a more stable boronic ester was undertaken. Early attempts targeted making N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MID A) boronate Compound 2-a (E. Gilis and M. Burke,“Multi step Synthesis of Complex Boronic Acids from Simple MIDA Boronates,” J Am. Chem. Soc., 750(43): 14084-14085 (2008)), however, all attempts resulted in product decomposition. Applicant then turned to a relatively obscure boronate formed by the addition of diethanolamine to Compound 7 (Bonin et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 52: 1132-1135 (2011)). Addition of diethanolamine to a solution of Compound 7 led to rapid ester formation and concomitant crystallization of Compound 2.

[0239] The discovery of boronic ester Compound 2 allowed for a simple, fast, high-yielding, high-purity process comprising the following procedure. Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 1500mL) was charged to a flask containing Compound 6 (100g, 328 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (90.7g, 357 mmol) and cesium acetate (CsOAc, 158g, 822 mmol). The system was vacuum purged three times with nitrogen. Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (13.8g, 20 mmol) was charged to the reaction and the system was vacuum purged three times with nitrogen. The reaction was then heated to 55 to 65°C.

[0240] The batch was stirred for approximately 8 hours until reaction was complete by HPLC analysis. The batch was cooled to 15 to 25 °C (target 20 °C ) and charged with silica gel (20g) and Ecosorb C-941 (20g). After lh, the mixture was filtered to remove solid. The residual solids were washed twice, each with THF (300mL). The filtrate and washes were combined. In a separate vessel, diethanolamine (34.5mL, 360 mmol) was dissolved in THF (250 mL). The diethanolamine solution in THF (25mL) was then charged to the batch. After 10 minutes, the batch was seeded with 2 (1 g) and aged for 1 to 2 hours. The remaining of the diethanolamine solution in THF was charged to the batch over at least 2 hours and the slurry was stirred for at least 2 hours. The product 2 was collected by suction filtration. The wet cake was washed thrice with THF (200mL). The material was dried under vacuum at 40 °C with nitrogen purge yielding 94.6g of 2.

[0241] The reaction to synthesize Compound 2 from Compound 6 described above may be modified as follows. Solvent: Different solvents from THF could be used, such as 1,4 dioxane or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Reaction volume: The reaction volume can be varied from 4 to 50 volumes with respect to compound 2. Catalyst and base: Different palladium catalyst and bases can be used for the borylation. Examples can be found in Chow et al., RSC Adv., 3 : 12518-12539 (2013). Borylation reaction temperature: Reaction temperatures from room temperature (20 °C) to solvent reflux can be used. Carbon/ Silica treatment:

The treatment can be performed without silica gel. The process can be performed without a carbon treatment. Different carbon sources from Ecosorb C-941 can be used. Different amounts of silica, from 0.01X to IX weight equivalents, can be used. Different amounts of Ecosorb C-941, from 0.01X to IX weight equivalents, can be used. Crystallization: A different addition rate of diethanolamine can be used. Different amounts of diethanolamine, from 1.0 to 3.0 molar equivalents can be used. A different cake wash with more or less THF can be used. Different amount of seeds from 0.0001X wt to 50X wt can be used.

Alternatively, the process can be unseeded. Drying: A temperature range of 10 °C to 60 °C could be used for drying.

[0242] The subsequent Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between Compounds 2 and 3 also proceeded well, providing over 20 kg of crude compound 1 with an average molar yield of 80% and LCAP of 99.7%.

1.4: Synthesis of Coupling Partner 3

[0243] Cross-coupling partner 3 was prepared by two different processes corresponding to Schemes 8 and 9 shown below.

Scheme 8: Process A for preparation of 3

[0244] According to Process A, Compound 9 (100g, 628 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (450 mL) at room temperature. In a separate vessel, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 112g, 628 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (1 L). Compound 9 in acetonitrile was charged to the NBS slurry over at least 45 minutes. The contents of the reaction vessel were warmed to 45 °C to 55 °C and the batch stirred until the reaction was complete by HPLC analysis. The batch was cooled to 35 °C to 45 °C and ensured dissolution. Norit SX plus carbon (lOg) was charged to the mixture and the reaction mixture adjusted to 55 °C to 60 °C. The mixture was stirred at 55 °C to 60 °C for about lh and the mixture filtered at 55 °C to 60 °C to remove solids. The solids were washed with acetonitrile (500mL) at 55 °C to 60 °C. The volume of the combined filtrate was reduced to 900 mL by distilling off acetonitrile under reduced pressure. The batch with Compound 3 (lg) and stirred at 35 °C to 45 °C for at least 60 minutes. The contents of the reaction vessel were cooled to 15 °C to 25 °C over at least 1 hour. Water (2000 mL) was charged to the reaction vessel over at least 90 minutes and the slurry aged for at least 60 minutes. The product was collected by suction filtration. The cake was washed with a premixed 5% solution of acetonitrile in water (300mL). The wet cake was dried under vacuum at 40 °C with nitrogen purge. Yield: 120g of 3.

[0245] The above procedure, Process A for this synthesis of 3, may be practiced with alternative reagents and conditions as follows. Solvents: Alternative solvents could be used. Examples include chlorinated solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform or 1,2 dichloroethane, and non-chlorinated solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Reaction concentration: The reaction concentration can be varied from 2X vol to 40 X vol (with respect to Compound 9). Brominating agents: Additional brominating reagents include bromine and l,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Bromination reagent Stoichiometry: Different amounts of the brominating reagent can be used, from 0.8 equiv to 2 equiv. Crystallization: Different amounts of water, including 5 volumes to 50 volumes can be used. The crystallization can also proceed without the addition of seeds. Different water addition times and final hold times can be used. Different wash procedures can be used. Drying: A temperature range of 10 °C to 60 °C could be used for drying.

Scheme 9: Process B for preparation of 3

[0246] According to Process B, Compound 3 can be formed starting from 8 via non-isolated compound 9 as follows. Compound 8 (80 g, 55 mmol), cesium carbonate (CS2CO3, 215 g, 66 mmol), and acetonitrile (800 mL) were charged to the reactor. The temperature was adjusted from 15 to 25 °C and iodomethane charged to the reactor (Mel, 86 g, 0.61 mol) while maintaining a batch temperature below 25 °C. The batch was heated to 40 °C and agitated for 10 hours to form Compound 9. The batch was cooled to 25 °C, filtered into a fresh reactor to remove solids, and the solids washed twice with acetonitrile. The combined organic layers were concentrated via atmospheric distillation to about 320 mL.

[0247] In a separate reactor N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 98.1 g, 0.55 mol) was charged to acetonitrile (800 mL) and agitated. The batch containing Compound 9 was transferred to the NBS solution while maintaining a batch temperature of 15 to 25 °C. The batch was heated to 45 to 55 °C and agitated for at least 4 hours to allow for reaction completion to Compound 3. Upon reaction completion, Norit SX Plus activated carbon (8 g) was charged, and agitated at 45 to 55 °C for one hour. The batch was filtered into a fresh vessel, the Norit SX plus cake was washed with 400 ml of 45 to 55 °C acetonitrile. The acetonitrile layers were combined, cooled to 35 to 45 °C, and distilled under reduced pressure to 720 mL. The batch was adjusted to a temperature of 40 °C, charged with Compound 3 seeds (0.8 g), agitated for one hour, cooled to 15 to 25 °C over at least on hour, then charged with water (1600 mL) over at least two hours. The mixture was agitated for an additional one to two hours, filtered, the cake washed with a premixed 5% solution of acetonitrile in water (240 mL). The wet cake was dried under vacuum at 40°C with nitrogen purge. Yield: 52 g of 3.

[0248] Process B to synthesize Compound 3, described above, may be modified as follows. Solvents: Alternative solvents could be used. Examples include chlorinated solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform or 1,2 dichloroethane, and non-chlorinated solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Reaction concentration: The reaction concentration can be varied from 2X vol to 40 X vol (with respect to Compound 8).

Alkylating reagent: Alternative methylating reagents to methyl iodide can be used such as dimethylsulfate. Alkylating reagent stoichiometry: 1 to 10 molar equivalents of methyl iodide may be used. Base: Different inorganic bases, such as potassium carbonate or phosphate bases (sodium, potassium, or cesium) could be used. Brominating agents:

Additional brominating reagents include bromine and l,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Bromination reagent stoichiometry: Different amounts of the brominating reagent can be used, from 0.8 equiv to 2 equiv. Crystallization: Different amounts of water, including 5 volumes to 50 volumes can be used. Seeding levels from 0.0001% to 50% can be used. The crystallization can also proceed without the addition of seeds. Different water addition times and final hold times can be used. Different wash procedures can be used. Drying: A temperature range of 10 to 60 °C could be used for drying.

1.5: Cross-coupling of 2 and 3 to Produce Target Compound 1

[0249] 1 is synthesized by Suzuki cross-coupling of 3 and 2 according to Scheme 10 and as described below.

Scheme 10: Synthesis of 1

[0250] Acetonitrile (1.6L) was charged to a mixture of Compound 2 (156.7g, 460 mmol), Compovmd 3 (lOOg, 420 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (223 g, l.OSmol). Agitation was begun and water (400mL) charged to the batch. The system was vacuum purged three times with nitrogen and charged with Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (2.9g, 4 mmol) and the system vacuum

purged three times with nitrogen. The batch was heated to 65 to 75°C and contents stirred for at least 16 hours until reaction was complete by HPLC analysis. The batch was cooled to 60 to 70°C, agitation halted and the mixture allowed to settle. The bottom aqueous layer was removed. Water (150mL) and acetonitrile (700mL) were charged at 60 to 70°C. Ecosorb C-941 (15g) and Celite (lOg) were charged to the reaction vessel at 60 to 70°C. After lh, the mixture was filtered to remove solids. The solids were washed twice each with 18% water in acetonitrile (500 mL) at 60 to 70°C. The filtrates were combined and concentrated under atmospheric pressure to a final volume of 1.5L. The batch was cooled to 60 to 65°C and seeded with Compound 1 (1 g). After lh, water (500 mL) was charged over at least 1 hour at 60 to 65°C. The slurry was cooled to 15 to 25°C over 4 hours. The product was collected by suction filtration. The wet cake was washed with 45% water in acetonitrile (500mL) twice. The product was dried under vacuum at 40°C with nitrogen purge. Yield: 139g of 1.

[0251] The above procedure for coupling Compound 3 and Compound 2 to produce

Compound 1 may be modified in any of the ways that follow. Reaction solvents: Different reaction solvents from acetonitrile can be used, including tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and isopropanol. Boronic ester: Different boronic esters from Compound 2 can be used, including pinacolato ester compound 7, and the free boronic acid of Compound 2. Examples of boronic esters can be found in Lennox, Alister, J.J., Lloyd-Jones, Guy C. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 412. Carbon treatment: Different carbon treatments from Ecosorb C-941 could be used. Different amounts of carbon, from 0.01 to 0.5X weight can be used. The carbon can be eliminated. Different amounts of Celite, from 0.01 to 0.5X weight can be used. Crystallization: Different amounts of water, including 5 volumes to 50 volumes can be used. The crystallization can also proceed without the addition of seeds. Different water addition times and final hold times can be used. Different wash procedures can be used. Drying: A temperature range of 10 to 60 °C could be used for drying. Catalysts: Different metal and ligand combination could be used. Examples of metal/ligand combinations can be found in Maluenda, Irene; Navarro, Oscar, Molecules, 2015, 20, 7528. Various catalysts can be including: XPhos-3G (cas# 1445085-55-1);

cataCXium® A Pd 3G (CAS# 1651823-59-4); PdCk(DtBPF) (CAS# 95408-45-0); SPhos 3G (Cas# 1445085-82-4); AmPhos 3G (Cas# 1820817-64-8); PCy₃ 3G (Cas# 1445086-12-3); Pd PEPPSI IPent Cas#l 158652-41-5); Pd(PPh₃)2Cl2 (Cas# 13965-03-2). Examples of

catalyst systems that have been demonstrated to afford Compound 1 are listed below in Table 4 using boronic esters 2 or 7 in coupling to 3.

Table 4: Catalyst screen summary

1.6: Crystallization of 1

[0252] The final isolation of Compound 1 requires a polish filtration. For this, the batch must be completely soluble. Unfortunately, Compound 1 has low solubility in almost all

International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Class 3 and common Class 2 (e.g. THF, MeCN) solvents (ICH

Harmonized Guideline“Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents Q3C(R6)” October 20, 2016). A reasonable solubility was obtained in a warm MeCN-water mix, but this is not an optimal system (requires a heated filtration, MeCN has a residual solvent limit of only 410 ppm). Additional solvents with reasonable solubility (>50 mg/ml) include N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc); but the development of isolations from these solvents required large volumes and raised residual solvent limit concerns (530 ppm or less for NMT and 1090 ppm or less for DMAc).

catalyst systems that have been demonstrated to afford Compound 1 are listed below in Table 4 using boronic esters 2 or 7 in coupling to 3.

Table 4: Catalyst screen summary

1.6: Crystallization of 1

[0252] The final isolation of Compoxmd 1 requires a polish filtration. For this, the batch must be completely soluble. Unfortunately, Compound 1 has low solubility in almost all

International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Class 3 and common Class 2 (e.g. THF, MeCN) solvents (ICH

[0253] Formic acid is one ICH Class 3 solvent in which Compound 1 is highly soluble, having a solubility greater than 250 mg/ml at 20 °C. The solubility curve of Compound 1 in formic acid-Water is quite steep (see Figure 7), which enables a volumetrically efficient process.

[0254] Initial attempts to recrystallize crude Compound 1 involved dissolving in formic acid, polish filtering, and charging polish filtered water to about 20% supersaturation, followed by seeding with the thermodynamically most stable form (Form 1), followed by slow addition of water to the final solvent ratio, filtration, washing, and drying. Applicant observed that during the initial water charge, if the batch self-seeded it formed a thick slurry. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and photomicroscopy demonstrated that a metastable form was produced. Once seeded with Form 1, the batch converted to the desired form (Form 1) prior to the addition of the remaining water. This process worked well during multiple lab runs, consistently delivering the desired form and purity with about 85% yield.

[0255] Unfortunately, upon scale-up, the batch did not convert to Form 1 after seeding. Additional water was charged and the batch began to convert to the desired form (mix of Form 1 and the metastable form by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD)). When additional water was charged, the XRPD indicated only the metastable form. After a few hours with no change, Applicant continued the water charge to the final solvent ratio, during which time the batch eventually converted to Form 1. This process is summarized in Figure 8.

[0256] It was subsequently found by closer analysis of the plant and laboratory retains that a new metastable form was formed during scale up, with a similar, but different XRPD pattern. This form (metastable B) could be reproduced in the laboratory, but only when the batch has a high formic acid:water ratio and is seeded with Form 1. Without Form 1 seeds, metastable A is the kinetic form. Both metastable forms converted to Form 1 with additional water and/or upon drying, leading Applicant to believe that the metastable forms are formic acid solvates. These findings are summarized in Figure 9.

[0257] While there is little risk in not being able to control the final form, there is a risk of forming a difficult-to-stir slurry which can lead to processing issues. The crystallization procedure was therefore modified to keep a constant formic acid-water ratio. This was performed by charging 2.4X wt. formic acid and 1.75X wt. water (final solvent composition)

to the crystallizer with 0.03X wt. Form 1 seeds, and performing a simultaneous addition of Compound 1 in 6. IX wt. formic acid and 4.4X wt. water. The batch filtered easily and was washed with formic acid/water, then water, and dried under reduced pressure to yield 8.9 kg of Compound 1 (92% yield) with 99.85% LCAP and N.D. formic acid.

Example 2: Exemplary high throughput experimentation reaction

[0258] The following procedure is an exemplary high throughput experimentation reaction.

[0259] An overview of the reaction is shown below in Scheme 5:

Scheme 5: Reaction conditions tested for cross-coupling reaction of 2 and 3

[0260] Pd catalysts were dosed into the 24-well reactor vial as solutions (100 pL of 0.01 M solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dichloroethane (DCE) depending upon the solubility of the ligand). Plates of these ligands are typically dosed in advance of the reaction, the solvent is removed by evacuation in an evaporative centrifuge and plates are stored in the glovebox. The catalysts screened in the coupling are the following: XPhos, SPhos, CataCXium A, APhos, P(Cy)3, PEPPSI-IPent. For the first five ligands, these were initially screened as the Buchwald Pd G2/G3 precatalysts.

[0261] To the plates was then added a stock solution of Compound 3 (10 pmol) and Compound 2 (12 pmol) dissolved in the following solvents: dimethylformamide (DMF),

tetrahydrofuran (THF), butanol (/r-BuOH), and toluene. The base was then added as a stock solution (30 mmol) in 20 mL of water.

[0262] A heatmap summarizing catalyst performance is shown in Figs. 10A and 10B. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) yields for this screening span from <5% up to -85%. Larger circles indicate higher yield. Lighter circles indicate higher cleanliness.

[0263] A similarly designed screening of base and solvent also indicate that a range of alcoholic solvents (methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-butanol, 2-propanol, and /-amyl alcohol) are also all viable in this coupling chemistry. Bases such as potassium phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, and potassium hydroxide were all successful in achieving the coupling. Fig. 10B shows a heatmap with HPLC yields ranging from -50 – 95%. Larger, darker circles indicate higher yield.

[0264] This chemistry from microvial screening has been scaled to a laboratory process. To a 3 -necked jacketed 250 mL flask equipped with overhead stirring, nitrogen inlet, and thermocouple was added Compound 3 (1.0 eq, 4.00 grams), Compound 2 (1.2 eq, 1.71 x wt), potassium carbonate (3.0 eq, 1.74 x wt). The reactor was inerted three times and then degassed 2-propanol (24 x vol.) followed by degassed water (6 x vol) was then added.

Stirring was then initiated at 300 rpms. The reactor was then stirred and blanketed with nitrogen for 1 hour. The catalyst was then added (0.01 eq, 0.028 x wt) and stirring continued (300 rpms) and the reactor was heated into the Tj = 65 °C.

[0265] After 2 hours, with full conversion confirmed analytically, trioctylphosphine (0.1 eq, 0.16 x wt) dosed, and reaction mixture allowed to cool slowly to room temperature hours.

The reaction mixture was then filtered, washed with 2-propanol (4 x vol), 2-propanol: water (4: 1, 4 x vol), and then with water (4 x vol). Note: If 2 is dimer present in cake, an additional ethyl acetate (EtOAc) wash (4 x vol) can be added for purging. The cake was then transferred to a vacuum oven to dry overnight at 40 °C, -40 cm Hg, under nitrogen flow. After transfer to a bottle, 6.03 grams of 1 were isolated, 98.6% assay, 91% overall yield.

Scheme 6: Alternative reagents and solvents for cross-coupling

[0266] Based on the previously delineated results, it was expected that a variety of monodentate (PPI13 [triphenylphosphine], PBu3 [tributylphosphine], etc) and bidentate phosphines (dppf [1,1 ‘-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene], BINAP [2,2 -bis(diphenylphosphino)- 1 , 1 -binaphthyl], Xantphos [4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene], dppe [l,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane], etc) ligated to any number of Pd sources (Pd halides, Pd(H) precatalyts, Pd(0) sources) could reasonably be employed to arrive at the Compound 1 crude material. A range of organic solvents ranging from non-polar (heptane, benzene), protic (alcohols), polar aprotic (dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile) as well as a variety of esters and ketones (acetone, 2-butanone, ethylacetate) should also serve as effective solvents for this reactivity. Finally, inorganic bases of varying strength (phosphates, carbonates, acetates, etc) along with organic variants such as triethylamine, l,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene, and others in a wide pKa range are viable as stoichiometric basic additives.

Example 3: Exemplary Compound 5 process

[0267] The purpose of this example was to describe an exemplary process for making Compound 5.

[0268] Charge 4 (lOg, 58mmol) and acetonitrile (lOOmL) to a reaction vessel and start the stirrer. Adjust the batch to -18 °C to -22 °C (target -20 °C). Charge triflic acid (5.5mL, 62mmol) to the batch maintaining -10 °C to -25 °C (target -20 °C). Stir the batch at -10 °C to -25 °C (target -20 °C) for 10 to 20 minutes. Charge NBS (11.38g, 64mmol) to the batch at -10 °C to -25 °C (target -20 °C) and stir for ca. 30 min at -10 °C to -25 °C (target -20 °C). Warm the batch to 20 °C over 3-4 hours (reaction will occur when internal temp is between 5 °C and 15 °C). Stir the batch at 15 °C to 25 °C (target 20 °C) for approximately 1 hour and sample for reaction completion.

[0269] If Compound 4 relative to Compound 5 is more than 5%:

[0270] Cool the bath to -5 °C to -15 °C (target -10 °C) (cooling below 0 °C to ensure selectivity). Charge NBS to the batch according to the follow formula: Mass of NBS = (% Compound 4 x lOg). Warm the batch to 20 °C over 1-2 hours. Stir the batch at 15 °C to 25 °C (target 20 °C) for approximately 1 hour and check reaction for completion. Proceed to next line.

[0271] If Compound 4 relative to Compound 5 is less than 5%:

[0272] Warm the batch to 40 °C to 50 °C (target 48 °C). Concentrate the batch under reduced pressure to a final volume of ~40mL. Cool the batch to -15 °C to -5 °C (target -10 °C) and stir for ca. lh. Filter the batch by suction filtration. Slurry wash the filter cake with purified water (3 x 20mL) at 15 °C to 25 °C (target 20 °C) for 10 to 15 minutes each wash. Remove a sample of the filter cake for analysis by ¾ NMR. Continue washing cake until the residual succimide is below 1.0%mol% relative to 5. Dry the filter cake at up to 60°C under vacuum and nitrogen purge. Analyse the 5 by HPLC analysis (97%w/w to 99%w/w). Expected yield: 60-85% theory (90-110% w/w).

Example 4: Purification of Compound 1 (CC-90010) by crystallization from formic acid and water.

[0273] This example describes a method for the purification of Compound 1 by

crystallization from formic acid and water. Also detailed are methods for obtaining three different polymorphs of Compound 1, including the most stable form, Form 1.

[0274] Figure 11 shows ^XH NMR of Compound 1 (CC-90010). Solvent: d6DMSO; and Figure 12 shows microscopy of Compound 1 (CC-90010) Form I. Figure 13 shows XRPD of Compound 1 (CC-90010) Form I, with peak information detailed in Table 6:

PATENT

US 20190008852

WO 2018081475

US 20180042914

WO 2016172618

WO 2015058160

/////////CC-90010, solid tumors , non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, PHASE 1, CANCER, QUANTICEL

CS(=O)(=O)c4cc(C1=CN(C)C(=O)c2ccccc12)c(OCC3CC3)cc4

	DR ANTHONY MELVIN CR… on SMARTCHEM FROM ROW2 TECHN…
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XL 114, AUR 104

XL 102, AUR 102

NO CONCLUSIONS, ONLY PREDICTIONS

XL102, AUR 102

Interactions

Dinesh Chikkanna

Murali Ramachandra

Abstract

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Example 1

(((S)-4-amino-1-(3-((S)-1,5-diaminopentyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-oxobutyl)carbamoyl)-L-proline (Compound 1)

Synthesis of Compound 1 b

Synthesis of Compound 1C

Synthesis of Compound 1d

Synthesis of Compound 1f

Synthesis of Compound 1g

Synthesis of Compound 1h

Synthesis of Compound 1i

Synthesis of compound 1j

Synthesis of Compound 1

Example 2

(S)-4-(3-((S)-1-amino-4-guanidinobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-(3-((S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl) ureido)butanoic acid (Compound 7)

Synthesis of Compound 2b

Synthesis of Compound 2c

Synthesis of Compound 2d

Synthesis of Compound 2f

Synthesis of Compound 2g

Synthesis of Compound 2h

Synthesis of Compound 2i

Synthesis of Compound 2j

Synthesis of Compound 7

XL 102

EXELIXIS AND AURIGENE ANNOUNCE THAT PROMISING PRECLINICAL DATA TO BE PRESENTED AT THE ENA SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT THE CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL CDK7 INHIBITOR

EXELIXIS AND AURIGENE ANNOUNCE THAT PROMISING PRECLINICAL DATA TO BE PRESENTED AT THE ENA SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT THE CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL CDK7 INHIBITOR

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A Promising Approach for Difficult-to-Treat Cancers

3-chloro-4-[[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-butanoyl]amino]-N-[(1S,3R)-3-[[4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-1-methyl-cyclohexyl]benzamide (Compound 129)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1-methylcyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 128)

4-amino-3-fluoro-N-[(1S,3R)-3-[[4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-1-methyl-cyclohexyl]benzamide (Compound 127)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 126)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 124)

Example 25 Synthesis of N1-(4-(((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)oxalamide (Compound 113)

Example 24 Synthesis of N-((1S,3R)-3-((5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-4-(4-(dimethylamino)butanamido)benzamide (Compound 105)

4-amino-N-(3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decanyl)benzamide (Compound 100).

+/−)-4-amino-N-(3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-5 hydroxycyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 101)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 102)

(1S,3R)-N-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Compound 106)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-cyclopropyl-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide.HCl (Compound 103)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-chloro-4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 108)

4-amino-N-((1S,3R)-3-(5-cyano-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 107)

(+/−)-4-amino-N-(3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-5-fluorocyclohexyl)benzamide (Compound 110)

4-amino-N-(3-(5-chloro-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)tricyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decanyl)benzamide (Compound 100).

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