Dacinostat (LAQ-824, NVP-LAQ824,)

((E)-N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1 H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]prop-2-enamide

(2E)-N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[(2-hydroxyethyl)[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide

C22H25N3O3

Exact Mass: 379.18959

Molecular Weight: 379.45

Dacinostat, also known as LAQ824, is a hydroxamate histone deacetylase inhibitor with potential anticancer activity. LAQ824 sensitized nonsmall cell lung cancer to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. LAQ824 reduced clonogenic survival of the H23 and H460 cell lines five-fold compared with controls and four-fold compared with either agent alone (P<0.001). In phase I trials,  LAQ824 was well tolerated at doses that induced accumulation of histone acetylation, with higher doses inducing changes consistent with HSP90 inhibition.

NVP-LAQ824 inhibits histone deacetylase enzymatic activities in vitro and transcriptionally activated the p21 promoter in reporter gene assays. When tested on a variety of solid tumour cell lines, NVP-LAQ824 exhibited selective anti-proliferative effects, inducing cell growth inhibition in some, while inducing cell death in others. To induce cell death, a minimum of 16 h exposure to NVP-LAQ824 is required. Flow cytometry studies revealed that both tumour cell lines and normal diploid fibroblasts arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle after compound treatment. However, an increased sub-G1 population at 48 h (reminiscent of apoptotic cells) was only observed in the cancer cell lines.

Annexin V staining data confirmed that NVP-LAQ824 induced apoptosis in tumour cells, but not in normal cells. To relate HDAC inhibition to the anti-proliferative effects of NVP-LAQ824, expression of HDAC 1 was inhibited using antisense and this was sufficient to activate p21 expression, hypophosphorylate Rb and inhibit cell growth. Furthermore, tumour cells treated with NVP-LAQ824 caused acetylation of HSP90 and degradation of its cargo oncoproteins. Finally, NVP-LAQ824 exhibited antitumour effects in a xenograft animal model.

To determine if NVP-LAQ824 inhibited histone deacetylases in vivo, tumours treated with the drug were immunoblotted with an antibody specific for acetylated histones H3 and H4 and the results indicated increased histone H3 and 114 acetylation levels in NVP-LAQ824 treated cancer cells. Together, our data indicated that the activity of NVP-LAQ824 was consistent with its intended mechanism of action. This novel HDAC inhibitor is currently in clinical trials as an anticancer agent. see: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15171259.

Reversible acetylation of histones is a major regulator of gene expression that acts by altering accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. In normal cells, histone deacetylase (HDA) and histone acetyltrasferase together control the level of acetylation of histones to maintain a balance. Inhibition of HDA results in the accumulation of hyperacetylated histones, which results in a variety of cellular responses.

Inhibitors of HDA have been studied for their therapeutic effects on cancer cells. For example, butyric acid and its derivatives, including sodium phenylbutyrate, have been reported to induce apoptosis in vitro in human colon carcinoma, leukemia and retinoblastoma cell lines. However, butyric acid and its derivatives are not useful pharmacological agents because they tend to be metabolized rapidly and have a very short half-life in vivo. Other inhibitors of HDA that have been widely studied for their anti-cancer activities are trichostatin A and trapoxin. Trichostatin A is an antifungal and antibiotic and is a reversible inhibitor of mammalian HDA. Trapoxin is a cyclic tetrapeptide, which is an irreversible inhibitor of mammalian HDA.

Although trichostatin and trapoxin have been studied for their anti-cancer activities, the in vivo instability of the compounds makes them less suitable as anti-cancer drugs. There remains a need for an active compound that is suitable for treating tumors, including cancerous tumors, that is highly efficacious and stable

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PATENT

WO 200222577

Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 2002,43Abst 3671

The esterification of 4-formylcinnamic acid (I) with methanol and HCl gives the methyl ester (II), which can be obtained by Heck coupling of 4-bromobenzaldehyde (III) with methyl acrylate (IV). The reductocondensation of (II) with tryptamine (V) by means of NaBH(OAc)3 in dichloroethane yields the secondary amine (VI), which is alkylated with 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl bromide (VII) by means of DIEA in DMSO to afford the tertiary amine (VIII). The reaction of the methyl ester group of (VIII) with KOH and hydroxylamine in methanol provides the silylated hydroxamic acid (IX), which is finally deprotected with TFA in water.

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References

1: Wang H, Cheng F, Woan K, Sahakian E, Merino O, Rock-Klotz J, Vicente-Suarez I, Pinilla-Ibarz J, Wright KL, Seto E, Bhalla K, Villagra A, Sotomayor EM. Histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 augments inflammatory responses in macrophages through transcriptional regulation of IL-10. J Immunol. 2011 Apr 1;186(7):3986-96. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001101. Epub 2011 Mar 2. PubMed PMID: 21368229.

2: Schwarz K, Romanski A, Puccetti E, Wietbrauk S, Vogel A, Keller M, Scott JW, Serve H, Bug G. The deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 induces notch signalling in haematopoietic progenitor cells. Leuk Res. 2011 Jan;35(1):119-25. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.06.024. Epub 2010 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 20674020.

3: Cho YS, Whitehead L, Li J, Chen CH, Jiang L, Vögtle M, Francotte E, Richert P, Wagner T, Traebert M, Lu Q, Cao X, Dumotier B, Fejzo J, Rajan S, Wang P, Yan-Neale Y, Shao W, Atadja P, Shultz M. Conformational refinement of hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase inhibitors and exploration of 3-piperidin-3-ylindole analogues of dacinostat (LAQ824). J Med Chem. 2010 Apr 8;53(7):2952-63. doi: 10.1021/jm100007m. PubMed PMID: 20205394.

4: Vo DD, Prins RM, Begley JL, Donahue TR, Morris LF, Bruhn KW, de la Rocha P, Yang MY, Mok S, Garban HJ, Craft N, Economou JS, Marincola FM, Wang E, Ribas A. Enhanced antitumor activity induced by adoptive T-cell transfer and adjunctive use of the histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824. Cancer Res. 2009 Nov 15;69(22):8693-9. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1456. Epub 2009 Oct 27. PubMed PMID: 19861533; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2779578.

5: Ellis L, Bots M, Lindemann RK, Bolden JE, Newbold A, Cluse LA, Scott CL, Strasser A, Atadja P, Lowe SW, Johnstone RW. The histone deacetylase inhibitors LAQ824 and LBH589 do not require death receptor signaling or a functional apoptosome to mediate tumor cell death or therapeutic efficacy. Blood. 2009 Jul 9;114(2):380-93. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-10-182758. Epub 2009 Apr 21. PubMed PMID: 19383971.

6: de Bono JS, Kristeleit R, Tolcher A, Fong P, Pacey S, Karavasilis V, Mita M, Shaw H, Workman P, Kaye S, Rowinsky EK, Aherne W, Atadja P, Scott JW, Patnaik A. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of LAQ824, a hydroxamate histone deacetylase inhibitor with a heat shock protein-90 inhibitory profile, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 15;14(20):6663-73. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0376. PubMed PMID: 18927309.

7: Chung YL, Troy H, Kristeleit R, Aherne W, Jackson LE, Atadja P, Griffiths JR, Judson IR, Workman P, Leach MO, Beloueche-Babari M. Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic pharmacodynamic markers of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, LAQ824, in human colon carcinoma cells and xenografts. Neoplasia. 2008 Apr;10(4):303-13. PubMed PMID: 18392140; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2288545.

8: Cuneo KC, Fu A, Osusky K, Huamani J, Hallahan DE, Geng L. Histone deacetylase inhibitor NVP-LAQ824 sensitizes human nonsmall cell lung cancer to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Anticancer Drugs. 2007 Aug;18(7):793-800. PubMed PMID: 17581301.

9: Kato Y, Salumbides BC, Wang XF, Qian DZ, Williams S, Wei Y, Sanni TB, Atadja P, Pili R. Antitumor effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 in combination with 13-cis-retinoic acid in human malignant melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Jan;6(1):70-81. PubMed PMID: 17237267.

10: Leyton J, Alao JP, Da Costa M, Stavropoulou AV, Latigo JR, Perumal M, Pillai R, He Q, Atadja P, Lam EW, Workman P, Vigushin DM, Aboagye EO. In vivo biological activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor LAQ824 is detectable with 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine positron emission tomography. Cancer Res. 2006 Aug 1;66(15):7621-9. PubMed PMID: 16885362.

SEE MORE AT……….http://drugsynthesisint.blogspot.in/p/nostat-series.html

SEE MORE AT……….http://drugsynthesisint.blogspot.in/p/nostat-series.html