DRUG APPROVALS BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
.....
Voclosporin
- Molecular FormulaC63H111N11O12
- Average mass1214.622 Da
VOCLOSPORIN
Aurinia Pharmaceuticals (following its merger with Isotechnika ), in collaboration with licensee Paladin Labs (a subsidiary of Endo International plc ), 3SBio ,and ILJIN , is developing a capsule formulation of the immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitor peptide voclosporin for the treatment of psoriasis, the prevention of organ rejection after transplantation, autoimmune disease including systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis, and nephrotic syndrome including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis;
Voclosporin is an experimental immunosuppressant drug being developed by Aurinia Pharmaceuticals. It is being studied as a potential treatment for lupus nephritis (LN) and uveitis.[1] It is an analog of ciclosporin that has enhanced action against calcineurin and greater metabolic stability.[2] Voclosporin was discovered by Robert T. Foster and his team at Isotechnika in the mid 1990s.[3] Isotechnika was founded in 1993 and merged with Aurinia Pharmaceuticals in 2013.
Initially, voclosporin was a mixture of equal proporations of cis and trans geometric isomers of amino acid-1 modified cyclosporin. Later, in collaboration with Roche in Basel, Switzerland, voclosporin’s manufacturing was changed to yield the predominantly trans isomer which possesses most of the beneficial effect of the drug (immunosuppression) in the treatment of organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
Patent
WO-2020082061
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020082061&_cid=P12-K9MDK8-59382-1
Novel crystalline forms of voclosporin which is a structural analog of cyclosporine A as calcineurin signal-transduction pathway inhibitor useful for treating lupus nephritis.
Voclosporin is a structural analog of cyclosporine A, with an additional single carbon extension that has a double-bond on one side chain. Voclosporin has the chemical name (3S,6S,9S,l2R,l5S,l8S,2lS,24S,30S,33S)-30-Ethyl-33-[(lR,2R,4E)-l-hydroxy-2-methyl-4,6-heptadien-l-yl]-6,9,l8,24-tetraisobutyl-3,2l-diisopropyl-l,4,7,l0,l2,l5,l9,25,28-nonamethyl-l,4,7,l0,l3,l6,l9,22,25,28,3 l-undecaazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,l l,l4,l7,20,23,26,29,32-undecone and the following chemical structure:
Voclosporin is reported to be a semisynthetic structural analogue of cyclosporine that exerts its immunosuppressant effects by inhibition of the calcineurin signal-transduction pathway and is in Phase 3 Clinical Development for Lupus Nephritis.
[0003] Voclosporin and process for preparation thereof are known from International Patent Application No. WO 1999/18120.
[0004] Certain mixtures of cis and trans-isomers of cyclosporin A analogs referred to as
ISATX247 in different ratios are known from U.S. Patent No. 6,998,385, U.S. Patent No. 7,332,472 and U.S. Patent No. 9,765,119.
[0005] Polymorphism, the occurrence of different crystal forms, is a property of some molecules and molecular complexes. A single compound, like Voclosporin, may give rise to a variety of polymorphs having distinct crystal structures and physical properties like melting point, thermal behaviors (e.g. measured by thermogravimetric analysis – “TGA”, or differential scanning calorimetry – “DSC”), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern, infrared absorption fingerprint, Raman absorption fingerprint, and solid state (13C-) NMR spectrum. One or more of these techniques may be used to distinguish different polymorphic forms of a compound.
[0006] Different salts and solid state forms (including solvated forms) of an active
pharmaceutical ingredient may possess different properties. Such variations in the properties of different salts and solid state forms and solvates may provide a basis for improving formulation, for example, by facilitating better processing or handling characteristics, improving the dissolution profile, or improving stability (polymorph as well as chemical stability) and shelf-life. These variations in the properties of different salts and solid state forms may also provide improvements to the final dosage form, for instance, if they serve to improve bioavailability. Different salts and solid state forms and solvates of an active pharmaceutical ingredient may also give rise to a variety of polymorphs or crystalline forms, which may in turn provide additional opportunities to use variations in the properties and characteristics of a solid active pharmaceutical ingredient for providing an improved product.
[0007] Discovering new salts, solid state forms and solvates of a pharmaceutical product can provide materials having desirable processing properties, such as ease of handling, ease of processing, storage stability, and ease of purification or as desirable intermediate crystal forms that facilitate conversion to other salts or polymorphic forms. New salts, polymorphic forms and solvates of a pharmaceutically useful compound can also provide an opportunity to improve the performance characteristics of a pharmaceutical product (dissolution profile, bioavailability, etc.). It enlarges the repertoire of materials that a formulation scientist has available for formulation optimization, for example by providing a product with different properties, e.g., a different crystal habit, higher crystallinity or polymorphic stability which may offer better processing or handling characteristics, improved dissolution profile, or improved shelf-life.
[0008] For at least these reasons, there is a need for solid state forms (including solvated forms) of Voclosporin and salts thereof.
HPLC method:
Method description
Column: Zorbax SB C18, 1.8 pm, 100×2.1 mm
Mobile phase: A: 38 ACN : 7 TBME : 55 voda : 0.02 H3P04 (V/V/V/V)
B: 70 ACN : 7 TBME : 23 voda : 0.02 H P04 (V/V/V/V)
Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min
Gradient
Analysis time: 26 minutes + 3 minutes equilibration
Injection volume: 3.0 pL
Column temperature: 90 °C
Diluent: Ethanol
Detection: UV, 210 nm
EXAMPLES
[0095] The starting material Voclosporin crude may be obtained according to ET.S. Patent No. 6,998,385 ETnless otherwise indicated, the purity is determined by HPLC (area percent). The crude product contained according to HPLC analysis 42.6 % trans-Voclosporin (further only Voclosporin), 40.2 % cis-Voclosporin and 2.9 % Cyclosporin A. The crude Voclosporin was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using a mixture of toluene and acetone 82 : 18 (v/v) as mobile phase. The fractions were monitored by HPLC. The appropriate fractions were joined and evaporated, obtaining purified Voclosporin as a white foam. According to HPLC analysis it contained 85.7 % Voclosporin, 3.6 % cis-Voclosporin and 2.6 % Cyclosporin A (further only purified Voclosporin).
[0096] The Voclosporin crude (containing about 42.6 % of Voclosporin) was used for further optimization of the chromatographic separation of cis-Voclosporin and Voclosporin and the effort resulted in improved process for chromatographic separation which includes purification by column chromatography on silica gel using a mixture of toluene and methylisobutylketone 38 : 62 as mobile phase. The fractions were monitored by HPLC. The appropriate fractions were joined and evaporated to a dry residue, weighing 31.0 grams. This residue was not analyzed. The material was dissolved in 25 ml of acetone and then 50 ml of water was added and the solution was let to crystallize for 2 hours in the refrigerator. Then the crystalline product was separated by filtration and dried in vacuum dryer (40 °C, 50 mbar, 12 hours), obtaining 29.6 g of dry product containing 90.6 % of Voclosporin, 0.4 % cis-Voclosporin and 3.7 % Cyclosporin A (further mentioned as final Voclosporin).
Example 1: Preparation of Voclosporin Form A
4.1 grams of Purified Voclosporin was dissolved in acetone and the solution was evaporated to 8.0 grams and the concentrate was diluted by 6 ml of water. The solution was let to crystallize in refrigerator at about 2 °C for 12 hours. The crystalline product was filtered off, washed by a mixture of acetone and water 1 : 1 (v/v) and dried on open air obtaining 2.6 grams of crystalline product Form A. Voclosporin form A was confirmed by PXRD as presented in Figure 1.
Example 2: Preparation of Voclosporin Form B
[0097] 1.0 gram of Purified Voclosporin was dissolved in a mixture of 1.5 ml acetone and 3.0 ml n-hexane. The solution was let to crystallize in refrigerator at about 2 °C for 12 hours. The crystalline product was filtered off, washed by a mixture of acetone and hexane 1 : 2 (v/v) and dried on open air obtaining 0.5 grams of crystalline product Form B. Voclosporin form B was confirmed by PXRD as presented in Figure 2.
Example 3: Preparation of Amorphous Voclosporin
[0098] 2.0 grams of Purified Voclosporin was dissolved in 40 ml of hot cyclohexane and the solution was stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. Then the crystalline product was filtered off and washed with 5 ml of cyclohexane and dried on open air, obtaining 1.3 grams of amorphous powder. Amorphous Voclosporin was confirmed by PXRD as presented in Figure 3
Example 4: Preparation of Voclosporin Form C
[0099] Final Voclosporin (2 grams) was dissolved in acetonitrile (20 ml) at 50 °C, water (6 ml) was added with stirring, and the clear solution was allowed to crystallize 5 days at 20 °C. Colorless needle crystals were directly mounted to the goniometer head in order to define the crystal structure. Voclosporin form C was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure determination.
References
- ^ “Luveniq Approval Status”.
Luveniq (voclosporin) is a next-generation calcineurin inhibitor intended for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis involving the intermediate or posterior segments of the eye.
- ^ “What is voclosporin?”. Isotechnika. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
- ^ U.S. Patent 6,605,593
External links
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
(3S,6S,9S,12R,15S,18S,21S,24S,30S,33S)-30-Ethyl-33-[(1R,2R,4E)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-4,6-heptadien-1-yl]-6,9,18,24-tetraisobutyl-3,21-diisopropyl-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecaazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone
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| Other names
VCS, ISA247, Luveniq
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C63H111N11O12 | |
| Molar mass | 1214.646 g·mol−1 |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Synthesis
methanol; potassium carbonate;
Reactants can be synthesized in 7 steps.
Synthesis, vol. 44, 1, (2012), p. 63 – 68
sulfuric acid; tetrahydrofuran;
ISOTECHNIKA INC., WO2004/89960, A2, (2004) 20 ml of THF were added and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C. 2.7 ML (48.69 mmol, 3 equiv. ) of concentrated sulfuric acid were added. The temperature was raised to RT. After completion of the reaction (ca 1 hour), 100 ml of water were added. The organic phase was separated and washed 2 times with 50 ml water. The water phases were re-extracted sequentially with 50 ml dichloromethane. The c ombined organic phases were dried over NA2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure at 3 0°C. The resulting white foam was re-dissolved in 250 ml MTBE and after a few minutes, the crystalli zation started. After stirring 15 min. at RT and 2 hours at 0-2 C, THE SUSPENSION WAS FILTERED. THE crystals were washed with 50 ml cold MTBE (-20 °C) and dried at 40-50 °C under reduced pressure to p rovide 19.2 g of (E) -acetyl-ISA247 as white powder in >98percent isomeric purity (400MHZ LH NMR). (E)-ACETYL-ISA247 can be RECRYSTALLIZED by dissolving the solid in dichloromethane at room temperatur e and exchanging the solvent to MTBE (by adding MTBE, concentrating the solution to half its volume under reduced pressure at 40°C and repeating these operation 2 to three times). The solution is cool ed to room temperature and the crystallization then starts within a few minutes. The suspension is s tirred at room temperature for 2h and 30min at 0°C. The crystals of (E) -acetyl-ISA247 are isolated after filtration, washing with MTBE and drying under reduced pressure at 40°C.iii) Peterson eliminat ion The CRUDE-TRIMETHYLSILYALCOHOL diastereomers mixture (11 g, maximum 4.056 mmol) was dissolved in 25 ml THF. 0.679 ml (12.16 mmol, 3 equiv.) concentrated sulfuric were added dropwise maintaining th e temperature between 20 °C and 25 °C. After 2 hours at RT, 50 ml half saturated aqueous NaCl soluti on were added. The resulting mixture was extracted twice with 50 ML MTBE. The organic phases were washed with 50ML of a half saturated aqueous NACL solution, combined, dried over NA2SO4 and concentrat ed under reduce pressure at 40°C. The resulting crude E-acetyl-ISA247 was re-dissolved in 20 ml dich loromethane and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in 60 ml MTBE. The crystallization started within 10 min. The suspension was stirred for an additional 15 min. at R T and 2 hours AT-10 °C. The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with 20 ml cold MTBE (-20 ° C) and dried under reduced pressure to provide 3. 6 G of (E)-ACETYL-ISA247 in ca 98percent isomeric purity by NMR.iii) Peterson elimination After overnight reaction, the organic layer was separated an d the water phase was discarded. 50 ML THF were added to the organic phase. The solution was concent rated under reduced pressure at 30 °C to half its volume. 100 ML THP were added and the solution was concentrated to 80 ML. The volume was adjusted to 100 ml with THF and the solution was cooled to 0- 2 °C. 1. 812 ML (32. 46 MMOL, 2 equiv.) concentrated sulfuric acid were added dropwise over 5 min., maintaining the temperature below 5 °C. After addition, the reaction cooling bath was removed and th e temperature was raised to RT. After 4 hours reaction, 40 ML water were added followed by 20 ml MTB E. The aqueous layer was separated and discarded. The organic phase was washed with 40 ml NAHCO3 Q, 20 ML saturated NACLAQ, 40 ml saturated NaClaq, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 40 ° C under reduced pressure. The crude E-acetyl-ISA247 was RE-DISSOLVED in 200 ml MTBE and crystallizat ion started within a few minutes. After 15 min. at RT and 2.5 hours at 0 °C, the suspension was filt ered, the crystals were washed with 50 ML MTBE and dried at 50 °C under reduced pressure to give 18. 45 g of (E) -acetyl-ISA247 as a white powder (>98percent isomeric purity by NMR).iii) Peterson elim ination 5 ml THF were added to the organic phase and the solution was cooled to 0- 2 °C. 181 UL (3.2 46, 2 equiv. ) concentrated sulfuric acid were added. The reaction mixture was warmed up to RT. Afte r stirring overnight, 20 ml water were added. The aqueous layer was separated and discarded. The organic phase was washed with 20 ml of 5percent aqueous NAHCO3 solution, dried over MGS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 °C to give 2 g of (E) -acetyl-ISA247 as a white foam in > 98percent double bond isomeric purity (by NMR).ii) Peterson elimination The crude product was dissol ved in 11.15 ML THF and 268 P1 concentrated sulfuric acid were added. The reaction mixture was heate d at 33 °C for 1.5 hour and then cooled to RT. 22 ml water were added and the reaction mixture was e xtracted with 22 ml MTBE. The aqueous phase was RE-EXTRACTED with 11 ml MTBE. The organic layer were washed with 11 ml water, combined, dried over NA2SO4, filtered and concentrated at 40 °C under redu ced pressure to give 1.89 g of crude (E) -acetyl-ISA247 as a beige powder. The crude product was re-dissolved in 20 ml MTBE at RT. The crystallization started within a few minutes. The suspension was stirred 30 min. at RT, 45 min. at-10 °C and was filtered. The solid was washed with cold MTBE and dr ied at 40 °C under reduced pressure to give 1.02 g of (E)-acetylISA247 as a white powder in ca 98per cent double bond isomeric purity (NMR). ii) Peterson elimination The crude product was dissolved in 8 ML THF at RT. The solution was cooled to 0-5 °C and 200 UL of concentrated sulfuric acid were adde d dropwise. The temperature was raised to RT and the reaction mixture was stirred 10 hours. 40 ml MTBE and 15 ml of water were added. The water phase was separated and discarded. The organic phase was washed 15 ml of a 5percent aqueous NAHCO3 solution, 15 ml of a half saturated aqueous NACL solution, dried over NA2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1. 8 g of crude E-acet yl- ISA247. The crude diene was dissolved in 20 ml dichloromethane. 20 ML MTBE were added, and the s olution was concentrated at 40 °C under reduced pressure to half its volume. The last two operations was repeated three times to in order to exchange the solvent from dichloromethane to MTBE. The solution was cooled to RT and the crystallization started within a few minutes. The suspension was stirr ed 2 hours at RT and 30 min. at 0 °C. The suspension was filtered. The solid was washed with 15 ml M TBE and dried under reduced pressure at 40 °C to give 1.1 g OF E-ACETYL-ISA247 in >95percent double bond isomeric purity (NMR), as a white powder.ii) Peterson elimination The crude product was dissolv ed in 10 ml THF at RT. The solution was cooled to 0-5 °C and 200 UL of concentrated sulfuric acid we re added dropwise. The temperature was raised to RT and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight. 40 ml MTBE and 15 ML of water were added. The water phase was separated and discarded. The organic p hase was washed with 15 ml water, 15 ml of a 5percent aqueous NAHCO3 solution, 15 ml of a half saturated aqueous NaCl solution, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1.8 g of crude E-ACETYL-ISA247. The crude diene was redissolved in 35 ml of MTBE. The crystallization started withi n a few minutes. The suspension was stirred 2 hours at RT and 30 min. at 0 °C. The suspension was fi ltered. The solid was washed with 15 ml MTBE and dried under reduced pressure at 40 °C to gi ve 1 g of E-acetyl-ISA247 in >95percent double bond isomeric purity (NMR), as a white powder.
REFERENCES
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//////////VOCLOSPORIN, Voclosporin, ISA247, ISAtx 247, ISAtx-247, ISAtx247, Luveniq, LX211,
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New Drug Approvals 
When we can get this volclosporin in India?