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ASLAN Pharmaceuticals Gains Orphan Designation for Rare Cancer Drug ASLAN001 (varlitinib)

August 24, 2015 10:35 am / Leave a comment

(R)-N4-[3-Chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-N6-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-quinazoline-4,6-diamine

ASLAN001 , Varlitinib

C22H19ClN6O2S

Molecular Weight: 466.94

Elemental Analysis: C, 56.59; H, 4.10; Cl, 7.59; N, 18.00; O, 6.85; S, 6.87

CAS: 845272-21-1 (Varlitinib); 1146629-86-8 (Varlitinib tosylate).

ASLAN001; ASLAN-001; ASLAN 001; AR 00334543; ARRY-334543; ARRY334543; ARRY-543; ARRY543; ARRY 543.

(R)-N4-(3-chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-N6-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)quinazoline-4,6-diamine.

(R)-4-[[3-Chloro-4-[(thiazol-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl]amino]-6-[(4-methyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)amino]quinazoline

4,6-Quinazolinediamine, N4-[3-chloro-4-(2-thiazolylmethoxy)phenyl]-N6-[(4R)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-2-oxazolyl]-

ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, a Singapore-based drugmaker, announced The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave an orphan drug designation on August 13 to its pan-HER inhibitor ASLAN001 (varlitinib), a drug candidate created to treat a destructive form of bile duct cancer called cholangiocarcinoma that has no known cure. ………http://www.dddmag.com/news/2015/08/aslan-pharmaceuticals-gains-orphan-designation-rare-cancer-drug

Current developer: Array Biopharma Inc,

Varlitinib, also known as ARRY-543 and ASLAN001, is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor family with potential antineoplastic activity.

Varlitinib (ASLAN-001) is an oncolytic drug in phase II clinical trials at ASLAN Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of gastric cancer and for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in combination with capecitabine. Clinical development is also ongoing for the treatment of solid tumors in combination with cisplatin/FU and cisplatin/capecitabine. The product had been in phase I/II clinical trials at Array BioPharma for the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Phase II clinical trials had also been ongoing for the treatment of solid tumors. No recent development has been reported for this research

Varlitinib selectively and reversibly binds to both EGFR (ErbB-1) and Her-2/neu (ErbB-2) and prevents their phosphorylation and activation, which may result in inhibition of the associated signal transduction pathways, inhibition of cellular proliferation and cell death. EGFR and Her-2 play important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation and are upregulated in various human tumor cell types. Due to the dual inhibition of both EGFR and Her-2, this agent may be therapeutically more effective than agents that inhibit EGFR or Her-2 alone.

The drug is a dual inhibitor of the ErB-2 and EGFR receptor kinases, both of which have been shown to stimulate aberrant growth, prolong survival and promote differentiation of many tumor types. The compound behaves as a reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor with nanomolar potency both in vitro and in cell-based proliferation assays.

In 2011, the compound was licensed to Aslan Pharmaceuticals by Array BioPharma worldwide for the treatment of solid tumors, initially targeting patients with gastric cancer through a development program conducted in Asia.

In 2015, orphan drug designation was assigned to the compound in the U.S. for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.

SEE NMR ………….http://www.medkoo.com/Product-Data/Varlitinib/Varlitinib-QC-KB20121128web.pdf

……………..

https://www.google.co.in/patents/US20050043334

Example 52

(R)-N4-[3-Chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-N6-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-quinazoline-4,6-diamine

Prepared using (R)-2-aminopropan-1-o1. MS APCI (+) m/z 467, 469 (M+1, Cl pattern) detected; ¹H NMR (400 mHz, DMSO-D6) δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.69 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 4.47 (m, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 1.18 (d, 3H).

Example 53

(S)-N4-[3-Chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-N6-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-quinazoline-4,6-diamine

Prepared using (S)-2-amino-propan-1-o1. MS APCI (+) m/z 467, 469 (M+1, Cl pattern) detected; ¹H NMR (400 mHz, DMSO-D6) δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.69 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 4.47 (m, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 1.18 (d, 3H).

………………

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2005016346A1?cl=en

Example 52

R VN4-r3-Chloro-4-(^‘thiazol-2-v-metho-xy)-phenyll-N6-(4-methyl-4,5-dihvdro-oxazol- 2-yl)-quinazoUne-4,6-diamine

[00194] Prepared using (R)-2-aminopropan- 1 -ol. MS APCI (+) m/z 467, 469

(M+l, CI pattern) detected; 1H NMR (400 mHz, DMSO-D6) δ 9.53 (s, IH), 8.47 (s, IH), 8.09 (s, IH), 7.86 (d, IH), 7.81 (d, IH), 7.77 (d, IH), 7.69 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, IH), 7.02 (s, IH), 5.54 (s, 2H), 4.47 (m, IH), 3.99 (m, IH), 3.90 (m, IH), 1.18 (d, 3H). Example 53

(S)-N4-|^“3-Chloro-4- thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyll-N6-(^‘4-methyl-4,5-dihvdro-oxazol- 2-yl)-quinazoline-4,6-diamine [00195] Prepared using (S)-2-amino-propan- 1 -ol. MS APCI (+) m z 467, 469

………

CAUTION a very similar molecule but not same

NOTE……..METHYL NEXT TO OXYGEN ATOM

Design, Synthesis and Bioactivities Evaluation of Novel Quinazoline Analogs Containing Oxazole Units

Xuehui Hou¹,
Jingyu Zhang²,
Xuan Zhao²,
Liming Chang²,
Ping Hu^1,* and
Hongmin Liu^3,*

DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400271,…………http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cjoc.201400271/abstract;jsessionid=04211D7526D97240F44E4355C6C57F50.f01t01

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/cjoc.201400271/asset/supinfo/cjoc_201400271_sm_suppl.pdf?v=1&s=8dd0bf6d7ee4d3d6bf8503fef49bafc69220c931

CAUTION …THIS IS NOT SAME

A novel type of quinazoline derivatives, which were designed by the combination of quinazoline as the backbone and oxazole scaffold as the substituent, have been synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated for anti-proliferative activities and EGFR inhibitory potency. Compound 12b demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity (IC₅₀=0.95 µmol/L for EGFR), which could be optimized as a potential EGFR inhibitor in the further study. The structures of the synthesized quinazoline analogs and all intermediates were comfirmed by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, 2D NMR spectra, IR spectra and MS spectra.

12c: Employing the same method as above, compound 12c was prepared and the amino alcohol was (S)-2-amino-propan-1-ol. Yellow solid, yield 52 %. m.p. 243-244 °C; [α] 20D =﹢22.5 ° (c 1.0, CH3CN); 1 H NMR (DMSO-D6): δ 9.54 (s, 1 H), 8.46 (s, 1 H), 8.06 (s, 2 H), 7.85 (d, 2 H, J=3.3 Hz), 7.79 (d, 2 H, J=3.3 Hz), 7.75 (d, 1 H, J=8.9 Hz), 7.64 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1 H, J=9.0 Hz), 5.54 (s, 2 H), 4.76 (m, 1 H), 3.72 (s, 1 H), 3.19 (s, 1 H), 1.34 (d, 3 H, J=6.15 Hz). 13C NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 165.8, 156.9, 152.0, 148.8, 145.3, 142.6, 134.3, 128.7, 128.0, 123.5, 121.7, 121.3, 121.0, 115.6, 114.6, 72.5, 67.7, 63.0, 29.8, 29.0, 20.0, 13.9. IR (KBr) ν: 3439, 3278, 3101, 2925, 1660, 1631, 1601, 1557, 1500, 1428, 1404, 1384, 1329, 1291, 1257, 1225, 1052 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C22H19N6O2SCl: C 55.59, H 4.10, N 18.00, O 6.85; found C 55.55, H 4.13, N 18.02, O 6.78; MS (ESI) m/z: 467.2 (M+H).

12d: Employing the same method as above, compound 12d was prepared and the amino alcohol was (R)-2-amino-propan-1-ol. Yellow solid, yield 60%. m.p. 242-243 °C; [α] 20D = ﹣22.3 ° (c 1.0, CH3CN); 1 H NMR (DMSO-D6): δ 9.52 (s, 1 H), 8.80 (s, 1 H), 8.52 (dd, 1 H, J=2.7 Hz, J=8.9 Hz), 8.45 (s, 1 H), 8.30 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.85 (d, 1 H, J=3.2 Hz), 7.79 (d, 1 H, J=3.2 Hz), 7.75 (s, 1 H), 7.63 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.31 (d, 1 H, J=9.0 Hz), 5.53 (s, 2 H), 4.76 (m, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 1 H), 3.19 (s, 1 H), 1.34 (d, 3 H, J=6.2 Hz). 13C NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 165.8, 156.9, 152.0, 148.8, 145.3, 142.6, 134.3, 128.7, 128.0, 123.5, 121.7, 121.3, 121.0, 115.6, 114.6, 72.5, 67.7, 63.0, 29.8, 29.0, 20.0, 13.9. IR (KBr) ν: 3439, 3278, 3101, 2925, 1660, 1631, 1601, 1557, 1500, 1428, 1404, 1384, 1329, 1291, 1257, 1225, 1052 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C22H19N6O2SCl: C 55.59, H 4.10, N 18.00, O 6.85; found C 55.55, H 4.13, N 18.02, O 6.78; MS (ESI) m/z: 467.20 (M+H).

The above paper allows you to synthesize the key amino int 11 ………N4-(3-chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)quinazoline-4,6-diamine (11)

this can be applied to varlitinib till int 11

6-Nitro-4-hydroxyquinazoline (3)

2-amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid (5.46 g, 30 mmol) was added to a 250 mL flask equipped with a reflux condenser. Then 50 mL formamide was added. The mixture was heated with vigorous stirring at 160 °C for 3 h. After cooling the solution was poured in ice-water to give 3 in almost pure form (Yellow solid 4.70 g, yield 82.0%). m.p. 317-318 °C; 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 12.74 (1 H, s, OH, exchangeable), 8.78 (1 H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 8.53 (1 H, dd, J=2.6 Hz, 9.0 Hz), 8.30 (s, 1 H), 7.84 (1 H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 160.1, 152.9, 148.9, 145.0, 129.1, 128.3, 122.7, 121.9. IR (KBr) ν: 3172, 3046, 2879, 1674, 1615, 1577, 1514, 1491, 1469, 1343, 1289, 1242, 1167, 1112, 928, 920, 901, 803, 753, 630, 574, 531 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C8H5N3O3: C 50.27, H 2.64, N 21.98; found C 50.30, H 2.65, N 21.96; MS (ESI) m/z: 189.97 (M-H).

13C NMR OF 3 IN DMSOD6

4-chloro-6-Nitroquinazoline (4)

In a 100 mL flask equipped with a reflux condenser, 6-nitroquinazolin-4-one (2.86 g, 15 mmol) and thionyl chloride (SOCl2) 25 mL were added. The mixture was heated under reflux with vigorous stirring for 2 h. After the solution was clear, the reaction mixture was heated for another 2 h. Then, 150 mL of ice MeOH was dropped into it carefully, the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was S3 dried under MgSO4, filtered and the solvent removed to give 4-chloro-6-nitroquinazoline (4). Yellow solid 2.45 g, yield 78%. m.p. 134-135 °C; 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.80 (1 H, d, J=3.0 Hz), 8.54(1 H, dd, J=2.7 Hz, 9.0 Hz), 8.35(s, 1 H), 7.87 (1 H, d, J= 9.0 Hz); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 160.0, 152.5, 149.1, 145.1, 128.7, 128.4, 122.7, 122.0. IR (KBr) ν: 3431, 3082, 3038, 2664, 2613, 2567, 1724, 1685, 1676, 1646, 1617, 1578, 1526, 1468, 1359, 1346, 1269 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C8H4N3O2Cl: C 45.84, H 1.92, N 20.05, O 15.27; found C 45.81, H 1.97, N 20.02, O 15.21; MS (ESI) m/z: 207.96 (M-H).

nmr1 4 nmr dmsod6

13C NMR OF4 IN DMSOD6

Thiazol-2-yl-methano1 (6)

Sodium borohydride (16.0 g, 140 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of thiazole-2-carbaldehyde (24.2 g, 214 mmol) in MeOH (400 mL) at 0 °C . The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of water and the organics were removed by concentration. The resulting aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were dried under Na2SO4 and concentrated to give thiazol-2-yl-methano1 (23.39 g, 95%). bp:75-76 °C (0.2 mmHg) [lit.[19] bp:70-80 °C (0.2 mmHg)]; m. p. 63-64 °C. 1 H NMR (CDCl3) δ 4.91 (s, 2 H), 5.1(br, l H), 7.28(d, 1 H, J=3.2 Hz), 7.68 (d, 1 H, J=2.9 Hz). IR (KBr) ν: 3135, 3099, 3082, 2814, 1509, 1446, 1351, 1189, 1149, 1073, 1050, 977, 775, 745, 613, 603 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C4H5NOS: C 41.72, H 4.38, N 12.16; found C 41.74, H 4.33, N 12.18; MS (ESI) m/z: 116.11 (M+H).

nmr1 6 in dmsod6 1H NMR

2-((2-Chloro-4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)thiazole (8)

2-(2-chloro-4-nitro-phenoxymethy1)-thiazole was prepared by adding thiazol-2-yl-methanol (5.48 g, 47.65 mmol) to a slurry of sodium hydride (2.42 g of a 60% dispersion in oil, 60.5 mmol) in THF (50 ml) at 0 °C After several minutes, 2-chloro-1-fluoro- 4-nitro-benzene (7.58 g, 43.60 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, and 60 °C for 16 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into 300 mL water. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo to give 2-(2- chloro-4-nitrophenoxymethy1)-thiazole (11.06 g, 86%) which was used in next step without further purification. m.p. 170-171 °C; 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.35 (1 H, d, J=2.8 Hz), 8.25 (1 H, dd, J=2.8 Hz, 9.15 Hz), 7.87 (1 H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 7.83(1 H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 7.54 (1 H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 5.73(s, 1 H); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 164.2, 158.5, 143.2, 141.7, 125.9, 124.9, 122.4, 122.2, 114.6, 68.4; IR (KBr) ν: 3112, 3009, 1587, 1509, 1500, 1354, 1319, 1284, 1255, 1154, 1125, 1054, 1006, 894, 780, 746, 728 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C10H7N2O3SCl: C 44.37, H 2.61, N 10.35, O 17.73; found C 44.31, H 2.67, N 10.29; MS (ESI) m/z: 268.89 (M-H).

1H NMR 8 DMSOD6

13C NMR OF 8 IN DMSOD6

3-Chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)aniline (9)

In a flask equipped with a reflux condenser, the compound 8 15.00 g (55.6 mmol), reduced zinc powder 14.44 g (222.0 mmo1, 4 eq), saturated ammonia chloride (5 mL) and methanol (100 mL) were mixed. The mixture was stirred at a temperature of 40 °C for 1.5 h. Then the zinc powder was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to obtain yellow solid 13.21 g, yield 99%. m.p. 60-61 °C; 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 7.80 (1 H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 7.75 (1 H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 6.96 (1 H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.64(1 H, d, J=2.7 Hz), 6.46 (1 H, dd, J=2.7 Hz, J=8.7 Hz), 5.30 (s, 2 H), 5.04 (s, 2 H, NH2, exchangeable); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 166.8, 145.1, 144.1, 142.80, 123.1, 121.5, 117.7, 115.2, 113.6, 69.1. IR (KBr) ν: 3322, 3192, 3112, 1607, 1499, 1457, 1436, 1291, 1274, 1221, 1191, 1144, 1057, 1027, 857, 797, 767, 733, 584 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C10H9N2OSCl: C 49.90, H 3.77, N 11.64, O 6.65; found C 49.95, H 3.76, N 11.66, O 6.60; MS (ESI) m/z: 239.01 (M-H).

1H NMR DMSOD6 OF 9

13C NMR OF 9 IN DMSOD6

N-(3-chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-6-nitro- quinazolin-4-amine（10）

In a flask equipped with a reflux condenser, 6-nitro-4-chloro- quinazoline 8.0 g (38.3 mmol) and 3-Chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)aniline 8.9 g (37.0 mmol) were dissolved into 150 mL of THF, and the solution was refluxed for 3 h.Then a lot of yellow solid was deposited. Then it was filtered affording to yellow solid 12.8 g, yield 81%. m.p. 183-184 °C (decompose); 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 11.97(s, 1 H, exchangeable), 9.84 (s, 1 H), 9.00 (s, 1 H), 8.76 (1 H, d, J=9.1 Hz), 8.12-8.14 (m, 1 H), 7.94 (1 H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.87 (1 H, d, J=3.2 Hz), 7.81 (1 H, d, J=3.2 Hz), 7.44 (1 H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 7.69 (1 H, dd, J=2.5 Hz, J=8.9 Hz), 5.61 (s, 2 H); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 166.8, 145.1, 144.1, 142.8, 123.1, 121.5, 117.7, 115.2, 113.7, 69.1. IR (KBr) ν: 3442, 3100, 1636, 1618, 1570, 1552, 1523, 1492, 1442, 1400, 1377, 1344, 1301, 1267, 1069, 805 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C18H12N5O3SCl: C 52.24, H 2.92, N 16.92, O 11.60; found C 52.26, H 2.93, N 16.96, O 11.58; MS (ESI) m/z: 412.84 (M-H).

1H NMR DMSOD6 OF 10

13C NMR OF 10 IN DMSOD6

N4-(3-chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)quinazoline-4,6-diamine (11)

In a flask equipped with a reflux condenser, the compound 10 5.00 g (12.1 mmol), reduced zinc powder 3.2 g (48.5 mmo1, 4 eq), saturated ammonia chloride (3 mL) and methanol (60 mL) were mixed. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Then the zinc powder was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to obtain yellow solid 4.58 g, yield 98%. m.p. 197-198 °C (decompose); 1 H S4 NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 9.33(s, 1 H, exchangeable), 8.31 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (d, 1 H, J=2.6 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1 H, J=3.3 Hz), 7.79 (1 H, d, J=3.3 Hz), 7.73 (1 H, dd, J=2.5 Hz, J=9.0 Hz), 7.51 (1 H, d, J=8.9 Hz), 7.30 (1 H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 7.29 (1 H, d, J=4.7 Hz), 7.23 (1 H, dd, J=2.3 Hz, J=8.9 Hz), 5.57 (s, 2 H, exchangeable), 5.52 (s, 2 H); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 165.9, 155.8, 149.7, 148.5, 147.3, 142.6, 142.5, 134.6, 128.7, 123.6, 123.2, 121.4, 121.3, 121.1, 116.5, 114. 7, 100.9, 67.8. IR (KBr) ν: 3443, 3358, 3211, 3100, 1631, 1596, 1577, 1560, 1530, 1494, 1431, 1383, 1217, 910 cm-1. Anal. calcd for C18H14N5OSCl: C 56.32, H 3.68, N 18.24, O 4.17; found C 56.34, H 3.70, N 18.22, O 4.14; MS (ESI) m/z: 382.66 (M-H).

11 1HNMR DMSOD6

13C NMR OF 11 IN DMSOD6

Construction finally as per patent ……….US20050043334

Treatment of N4-[3-chloro-4-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]quinazoline-4,6-diamine (11) with 1,1′-thiocarbonyldiimidazole , followed by condensation with 2(R)-amino-1-propanol in THF/CH2Cl2 affords thiourea derivative , which finally undergoes cyclization in the presence of TsCl and NaOH in THF/H2O to furnish varlitinib .

ASLAN Pharmaceuticals
Address: 10 Bukit Pasoh Rd, Singapore 089824

Phone:+65 6222 4235

Map of ASLAN Pharmaceuticals

carl fith

Mr Carl Firth, CEO, Aslan Pharmaceuticals, Singapore (left) and Mr Dan Devine, CEO, Patrys, Australia (right)

///////ASLAN001, varlitinib, ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, Orphan Designation, ARRY-534, ARRY-334543 , PHASE 2, ORPHAN DRUG DESIGNATION, array

Filgotinib

August 18, 2015 5:51 am / Leave a comment

Filgotinib

EU APPROVED 2020/9/24, JYSELECA

JAPAN APPROVED2020/9/25

C₂₁H₂₃N₅O₃S
MW425.504
Elemental Analysis: C, 59.28; H, 5.45; N, 16.46; O, 11.28; S, 7.54

1206161-97-8

Cyclopropanecarboxamide, N-[5-[4-[(1,1-dioxido-4-thiomorpholinyl)methyl]phenyl][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-

G146034

GLPG0634

N-(5-(4-((1,1-dioxidothiomorpholino)methyl)phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

Galapagos Nv INNOVATOR

PHASE 3, Crohn’s disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Ulcerative colitis

Filgotinib is an orally available inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 and TYK2 in phase III clinical development at Galapagos and Gilead for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, moderate or severe Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

IL-6 antagonist; Jak1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor; Tyk2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor; Jak3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor; Jak2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Autoimmune disease; Cancer; Colitis; Crohns disease; Inflammatory disease; Neoplasm; Rheumatoid arthritis; Transplant rejection

In 2017, orphan drug designation was assigned to the compound in the U.S. for the treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease and pediatric ulcerative colitis.

GlaxoSmithKline had been developing filgotinib preclinically for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis pursuant to a license; however, in 2010, the compound was re-acquired by Galapagos. In 2012, the product was licensed to Abbott for development and marketing. In January 2013, Abbott spun-off its research-based pharmaceutical business into a newly-formed company AbbVie. The license agreement between Galapagos and Abbott was terminated in September 2015, Galapagos regaining all rights to the product. The same year, Galapagos and Gilead entered into a global partnership and Gilead obtained the global rights of codevelopment and commercialization for the treatment of inflammatory diseases

Filgotinib (GLPG0634), by the Belgian biotech company Galápagos NV, is a drug which is currently under investigation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease.

Filgotinib (GLPG0634) is an orally-available, selective inhibitor of JAK1 (Janus kinase 1) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and potentially other inflammatory diseases. Filgotinib (GLPG0634) dose-dependently inhibited Th1 and Th2 differentiation and to a lesser extent the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro. GLPG0634 was well exposed in rodents upon oral dosing, and exposure levels correlated with repression of Mx2 expression in leukocytes. The JAK1 selective inhibitor GLPG0634 (Filgotinib) is a promising novel therapeutic with potential for oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and possibly other immune-inflammatory diseases. Filgotinib (GLPG0634) is currently in a Phase 2 study in Crohn’s disease.

Mechanism of action

Filgotinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor with selectivity for subtype JAK1 of this enzyme. It is considered a promising agent as it inhibits JAK1 selectively. Less selective JAK inhibitors (e.g. tofacitinib) are already being marketed. They show long-term efficacy in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. However, their lack of selectivity leads to dose-limiting side effects.^[1] It is thought that inhibition of all JAK isoenzymes is beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis. However, pan-JAK inhibition might also lead to unwanted side effects that might not outweigh its benefits. This is the rationale for the development of newer and more selective inhibitors like filgotinib.

The signal transmission of large numbers of proinflammatory cytokines is dependent on JAK1. Inhibition of JAK2 may also contribute to the efficacy against RA. Nonetheless it is thought that JAK2 inhibition might lead to anemia and thrombopenia by interference witherythropoietin and thrombopoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Therefore one might prefer to choose a more selective JAK1 inhibitor as a primary therapeutic option. Filgotinib exerts a 30-fold selectivity for JAK1 compared to JAK2.^[2] It is however still to be seen to what extent JAK2 inhibition should be avoided.

Novel crystalline forms of filgotinib salts, particularly hydrochloride salt, useful for treating JAK-mediated diseases eg inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, proliferative diseases, allergy and transplant rejection. Galapagos and licensee AbbVie are developing filgotinib, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn’s disease (CD). In August 2015, the drug was reported to be in phase 2 clinical development for treating RA and CD. The drug is also being investigated for the treatment of colitis and was discovered as part of the company’s arthritis alliance with GSK; however in August 2010 Galapagos reacquired the full rights. See WO2013189771, claiming use of filgotinib analog for treating inflammatory diseases. Also see WO2010010190 (co-assigned with GSK and Abbott) and WO2010149769 (assigned to Galapagos) claiming filgotinib, generically and specifically, respectively.

Clinical trials and approval

The efficacy of filgotinib is currently studied in a phase2b program (DARWIN trial 1, 2) with involvement of 886 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 180 Crohn’s disease patients.

Phase 1 study

It was shown in phase 1 studies that the pharmacokinetics of filgotinib metabolism is independent of hepatic CYP450 enzymatic degradation. The drug metabolism is however mediated by carboxylesterases. There is no interference reported with the metabolism of methotrexate nor with any of the investigated transport proteins.^[3]

Phase 2 study: Proof of concept (2011)

In november 2011 Galápagos released the results of their phase 2 study (identification: NCT01384422, Eudract: 2010-022953-40) in which 36 patients were treated who showed a suboptimal clinical response to methotrexate treatment. Three groups of twelve patients were treated either with 200 mg filgotinib in a single dose, 200 mg divided in two doses or placebo. The primary end-point was the ACR20 score, which monitors improvements in the symptomatology of the patient. After the scheduled 4 weeks of treatment, 83% of the respondents showed an improved ACR20-score. Half of the treated patients showed a complete (or near complete) remission of the disease. There were no reports ofanemia nor changes in lipidemia. The company stated in their press release that filgotinib is the first selective JAK1 inhibitor that shows clinical efficacy. As a result of this study, the company stated that “GLPG0634 shows one of the highest initial response rates ever reported for rheumatoid arthritis treatments”.^[4]

DARWIN 1 trial

The DARWIN 1 trial is a 24 week double blind placebo-controlled trial with 599 rheumatoid arthritis patients enrolled. All participants have moderate to severe RA and showed an insufficient response to standard methotrexate treatment. The trial compares three dosages of filgotinib as a once or twice per day regimen. During the trial all participants remain on their methotrexate treatment. According to the company, the results of this trial are expected in July 2015.^[5]

DARWIN 2 trial

The DARWIN 2 trial is a double blind placebo-controlled trial with 280 rheumatoid arthritis patients enrolled who show an insufficient response to standard methotrexate treatment. This trial, in contrast to the previous DARWIN 1 trial, methotrexate is discontinued. Therefore, this trial investigates filgotinib as a monotherapy.^[6] The recruitment of DARWIN trial 2b ended in november 2014.^[7] Preliminary results are expected in the second quarter of 2015 and a full completion of the study is expected in the third quarter of 2015.

DARWIN 3 trial

Patients who complete DARWIN 1 and 2 will be eligible for DARWIN 3.

COSY PREDICT

Time line

june 2011: results of first phase 2 trial
november 2014: initiation of DARWIN 1 and 2 trials
april 2015: expected date of DARWIN 1 trial results
june 2015: expected date of DARWIN 2 trial results

NMR FROM NET….ABMOLE, DMSOD6

NMR MEDKOO DMSOD6

CHEMIETEK

GLPG-0634, Current Lot, Certificate of Analysis

GLPG-0634, Current Lot, NMR

GLPG-0634, Current Lot, HPLC-MS

1H NMR PREDICT

13C NMR PREDICT

……………………

MORE PREDICTS

1H NMR PREDICT

13C NMR PREDICT

PRODUCT PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2010149769A1?cl=en

Applicants:	GALAPAGOS NV [BE/BE]; Generaal De Wittelaan L11/A3 B-2800 Mechelen (BE) (For All Designated States Except US). MENET, Christel Jeanne Marie [FR/BE]; (BE) (For US Only). SMITS, Koen Kurt [BE/BE]; (BE) (For US Only)
Inventors:	MENET, Christel Jeanne Marie; (BE). SMITS, Koen Kurt; (BE)

WO2010149769

International Filing Date:

25.06.2010

ESTIMATED EXP 2030

Condensation of 2-amino-6-bromopyridine (I) with ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate (II) in CH2Cl2 gives 1-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-3-carboethoxythiourea (III), which upon cyclization with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (IV) in the presence of DIEA in EtOH/MeOH yields 2-amino-5-bromo[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (V). N-Acylation of amine (V) with cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (VI) using Et3N in acetonitrile, and subsequent treatment with methanolic ammonia furnishes the carboxamide (VII) (1-3), which upon Suzuki coupling with 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid (VIII) in the presence of PdCl2(dppf) and K2CO3 in dioxane/H2O at 90 °C, followed by bromination with PBr3 in CHCl3 affords intermediate (IX). Condensation of benzyl bromide derivative (IX) with thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide (X) using DIEA in CH2Cl2/MeOH yields filgotinib (1,2). Alternatively, condensation of (4-bromomethylphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane (XI) with thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide (X) in the presence of DIEA in CH2Cl2/MeOH gives intermediate (XII), which undergoes Suzuki coupling with aryl bromide (VII) in the presence of PdCl2(dppf) and K2CO3 in dioxane/H2O at 90 °C to afford the target filgotinib

The present invention is based on the discovery that the compound of the invention is able to act as an inhibitor of JAK and that it is useful for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, proliferative diseases, transplantation rejection, diseases involving impairment of cartilage turnover, congenital cartilage malformations, and/or diseases associated with hypersecretion of IL6. In a specific aspect the compound is an inhibitor of JAKl and JAK2. The present invention also provides methods for the production of this compound, a pharmaceutical composition comprising this compound and methods for treating inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, proliferative diseases, transplantation rejection, diseases involving impairment of cartilage turnover, congenital cartilage malformations, and/or diseases associated with hypersecretion of IL6 by administering the compound of the invention.

Accordingly, in a first aspect of the invention, a compound of the invention is provided having a formula (I):

[0017] The compound of the invention is a novel inhibitor of JAK that appears to exhibit a dramatically improved in vivo potency as compared to structurally similar compounds. In a particular embodiment the compound of the invention is an inhibitor of JAKl and JAK2. In particular it appears to exhibit this increase in potency at lower in vivo exposure levels compared to structurally similar compounds. The use of a compound with these improvements is expected to result in a lower dosage requirement (and therefore an improved dosing schedule).

General Synthetic Method Scheme 1

1. RCOCI, Et₃N 2. NH₃ / MeOH CH₃CN, 20 ⁰C 2O ⁰C

wherein Ar represents phenyl-Ll-heterocycloalkyl, where Ll is a bond, -CH₂– or -CO- and the heterocycloalkyl group is optionally substituted.

General

1.1.1 l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-3-carboethoxy-thiourea (2)

(2)

[00117] To a solution of 2-amino-6-bromopyridine (1) (253.8 g, 1.467 mol) in DCM (2.5 L) cooled to 5 ⁰C is added ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate (173.0 mL, 1.467 mol) dropwise over 15 min. The reaction mixture is then allowed to warm to room temp. (20 ⁰C) and stirred for 16 h. Evaporation in vacuo gives a solid which may be collected by filtration, thoroughly washed with petrol (3×600 mL) and air-dried to afford (2). The thiourea may be used as such for the next step without any purification. ¹H (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 12.03 (IH, br s, NH), 8.81 (IH, d, J 7.8 Hz, H-3), 8.15 (IH, br s, NH), 7.60 (IH, t, J 8.0 Hz, H-4), 7.32 (IH, dd, J 7.7 and 0.6 Hz, H-5), 4.31 (2H, q, J 7.1 Hz, CH₂), 1.35 (3H, t, J 7.1 Hz, CH₃).

7.7.2 5-Bromo-[l, 2, 4]triazolo[l, 5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine (3)

[00118] To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (101.8 g, 1.465 mol) in EtOH/MeOH

(1 :1, 900 mL) is added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (145.3 mL, 0.879 mol) and the mixture is stirred at room temp. (20 ⁰C) for 1 h. l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-3-carboethoxy-thiourea (2) (89.0 g, 0.293 mol) is then added and the mixture slowly heated to reflux (Note: bleach scrubber is required to quench H₂S evolved). After 3 h at reflux, the mixture is allowed to cool and filtered to collect the precipitated solid. Further product is collected by evaporation in vacuo of the filtrate, addition Of H₂O (250 mL) and filtration. The combined solids are washed successively with H₂O (250 mL), EtOH/MeOH (1 : 1, 250 mL) and Et₂O (250 mL) then dried in vacuo to afford the triazolopyridine derivative (3) as a solid. The compound may be used as such for the next step without any purification. ¹H (400 MHz, DMSO-t/β) δ 7.43-7.34 (2H, m, 2 x aromatic-H), 7.24 (IH, dd, J 6.8 and 1.8 Hz, aromatic-H), 6.30 (2H, br, NH₂); m/z 213/215 (1 :1, M+H⁺, 100%).

7.7.3 General procedure for mono-acylation to afford intermediate (4):

[00119] To a solution of the 2-amino-triazolopyridine (3) (7.10 g, 33.3 mmol) in dry CH₃CN

(150 mL) at 5 ⁰C is added Et₃N (11.6 mL, 83.3 mmol) followed by cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (83.3 mmol). The reaction mixture is then allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred until all starting material (3) is consumed. If required, further Et₃N (4.64 mL, 33.3 mmol) and cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (33.3 mmol) is added to ensure complete reaction. Following solvent evaporation in vacuo the resultant residue is treated with 7 N methanolic ammonia solution (50 mL) and stirred at ambient temp, (for 1-16 h) to hydro lyse any bis-acylated product. Product isolation is made by removal of volatiles in vacuo followed by trituration with Et₂O (50 mL). The solids are collected by filtration, washed with H₂O (2x50mL), acetone (50 mL) and Et₂O (50 mL), then dried in vacuo to give the required bromo intermediate (4).

Method A

Preparation of compounds of the invention via Suzuki coupling (5):

[00120] An appropriate boronic acid (2eq.) is added to a solution of bromo intermediate (4) in

1 ,4-dioxane/water (5:1). K₂CO3 (2 eq.) and PdCl₂dppf (5%) are added to the solution. The resulting mixture is then heated in a microwave at 140 ⁰C for 30 min (this reaction can also be carried out by traditional heating in an oil bath at 90⁰C for 16h under N₂). Water is added and the solution is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers are dried over anhyd. MgSθ₄ and evaporated in vacuo. The final compound is obtained after purification by flash chromatography or preparative HPLC. HPLC: Waters

XBridge Prep Cl 8 5μm ODB 19mm ID x 100mm L (Part No.186002978). All the methods are using

MeCN/H₂O gradients. H₂O contains either 0.1% TFA or 0.1% NH₃.

Method B

Bl. 4 4-[2-(Cyclopropanecarbonyl-amino)-[ 1 , 2, 4]triazolo[l, 5-a] pyridin-5-yl] -benzoyl chloride

[00121] 2 Drops of DMF are added to a solution of 4-[2-(cyclopropanecarbonyl-amino)- [l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-5-yl]-benzoic acid (1 eq) obtained by Method A using 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid in DCM under N₂ atmosphere. Then oxalyl chloride (2 eq) is added dropwise to this resulting solution (gas release). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction by LCMS, the solvent is removed. The crude acid chloride is used without further purification in next step.

B2. Amide formation (General Method)

[00122] An appropriate amine (1.1 eq) and Et₃N (5 eq) are dissolved in DCM under N₂ atmosphere and cooled at 0⁰C. The acid chloride (Bl, 1 eq) dissolved in DCM is added dropwise to this solution. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After this time, reaction is complete. The compound is extracted with EtOAc and water, washed with brine and dried over anhyd. MgSO₄. Organic layers are filtered and evaporated. The final compound is isolated by preparative HPLC. Preparative HPLC: Waters XBridge Prep C18 5μm ODB 19mm ID x 100mm L (Part No.186002978). All the methods are using MeCN/H₂O gradients. H₂O contains either 0.1% TFA or 0.1% NH₃.

Method C

Wherein R^3a or R^3b together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may form a heterocycloalkyl.

Reductive alkylation (general method)

[00123] An appropriate amine (2 eq.), cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (for example cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-formyl-phenyl)-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridine-2-yl]-amide) prepared by method A (1 eq.) and Ti(OPr)₄ are mixed and stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The mixture is diluted in ethanol and Na(CN)BH₃ (leq.) is added. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 16 hrs. The mixture is diluted in water and filtered. The filtrate is washed with ethanol. The combined solvent phases are evaporated under vacuum. The final compound is isolated by preparative HPLC.

Method D
wherein R¹ and R² together with the Nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may form a heterocycloalkyl.

Reaction ofalkylation

[00124] 2-(4-Bromomethyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolane (leq) and Et₃N (2 eq) (or AgCO₃) are dissolved in DCM/MeOH (4:1 v:v) under N₂ and an amine (2 eq) is added dropwise. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 16h. After this time, the reaction is complete. The solvent is evaporated. The compound is extracted with EtOAc and water, washed with brine and dried over anhyd. MgSθ₄. Organic layers are filtered and evaporated. The final compound is isolated by flash chromatography.

Suzuki coupling

[00125] The obtained boronic acid (2eq.) is added to a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

(5-bromo-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide (4) in 1 ,4-dioxane/water (5:1). K₂CO₃ (2 eq.) and PdCl₂dppf (5%) are added to the solution. The resulting mixture is then heated in a microwave at 140 ⁰C for 30 min (This reaction can also be carried out by traditional heating in an oil bath at 90⁰C for 16h under N₂). Water is added and the solution is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers are dried over anhyd. MgSθ₄ and evaporated in vacuo. The final compound is obtained after purification by flash chromatography or preparative HPLC. HPLC: Waters XBridge Prep C18 5μm ODB 19mm ID x 100mm L (Part No.186002978). All the methods are using MeCN/H₂O gradients. H₂O contains either 0.1% TFA or 0.1% NH₃.

Synthesis of the compound of the invention and comparative examples

Compound l(the compound of the invention)

Step 1:

[00126] 2-(4-Bromomethyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolane (leq) and DIPEA

(2 eq) were dissolved in DCM/MeOH (5:1 v:v) under N₂ and thiomorpholine 1,1 -dioxide (2 eq) was added portionwise. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 16h. After this time, the reaction was complete. The solvent was evaporated. The compound was extracted with EtOAc and water, washed with brine and dried over anhyd. MgS O₄. Organic layers were filtered and evaporated. The final compound was isolated without further purification.

Step 2: Suzuki coupling

[00127] 4-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzyl]-thiomorpholine-l,l-dioxide

(l.leq.) was added to a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5-bromo-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide in 1 ,4-dioxane/water (4:1). K₂CO₃ (2 eq.) and PdCl₂dppf (0.03 eq.) were added to the solution. The resulting mixture was then heated in an oil bath at 90⁰C for 16h under N₂. Water was added and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were dried over anhyd. MgSθ₄ and evaporated in vacuo. The final compound was obtained after purification by flash chromatography.

[00128] Alternatively, after completion of the reaction, a palladium scavenger such as 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, is added, the reaction mixture is allowed to cooled down and a filtration is performed. The filter cake is reslurried in a suitable solvent (e.g. acetone), the solid is separated by filtration, washed with more acetone, and dried. The resulting solid is resuspended in water, aqueous HCl is added, and after stirring at RT, the resulting solution is filtered on celite (Celpure P300). Aqueous NaOH is then added to the filtrate, and the resulting suspension is stirred at RT, the solid is separated by filtration, washed with water and dried by suction. Finally the cake is re-solubilised in a mixture of THF/H₂O, treated with a palladium scavenger (e.g. SMOPEX 234) at 50⁰C, the suspension is filtered, the organic solvents are removed by evaporation, and the resulting slurry is washed with water and methanol, dried and sieved, to obtain the title compound as a free base.

Alternative route to Compound l(the compound of the invention):

Step 1:

[00129] 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid (l.leq.) was added to a s o luti o n o f cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5-bromo-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide in 1 ,4-dioxane/water (4:1). K₂CO₃ (2 eq.) and PdCl₂dppf (0.03 eq.) were added to the solution. The resulting mixture was then heated in an oil bath at 90⁰C for 16h under N₂. Water was added and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were dried over anhyd. MgSθ₄ and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting mixture was used without further purification.

Step 2:

[00130] To a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)- [l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-amide (1.0 eq) in chloroform was slowly added phosphorus tribromide (1.0 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, quenched with ice and water (20 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried over anhyd. MgSθ₄, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The resulting white residue was triturated in dichloromethane/diethyl ether 2:1 to afford the expected product as a white solid.

Step 3:

[00131] Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-bromomethyl-phenyl)-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin- 2-yl]-amide (leq) and DIPEA (2 eq) were dissolved in DCM/MeOH (5:1 v:v) under N₂ and thiomorpholine 1,1 -dioxide (1.1 eq) was added dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 16h. After this time, the reaction was complete. The solvent was evaporated. The compound was dissolved in DCM, washed with water and dried over anhyd. MgSO^ Organic layers were filtered and evaporated. The final compound was isolated by column chromatography using EtOAc to afford the desired product.

PATENT

WO 2010010190

WO 2013173506

WO 2013189771

WO 2015117980

WO 2015117981

POLYMORPH

CN 105061420

CN105061420

https://encrypted.google.com/patents/CN105061420A?cl=en

JAK inhibitor N-(5-(4-(1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl)methyl)phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide, and methods for preparing the four crystal forms, wherein the four crystal forms respectively are a crystal form H1, a crystal form H2, a crystal form H3 and a crystal form H4,

POLYMORPH

E CRYSTAL

CN 105111206

D CRYSTAL

CN 105111207

H CRYSYAL

CN 105198876

CN 105198877

F CN 105198878

C CN 105198880

POLYMORPH

WO 2016105453

POLYMORPH

Preparation of solid forms of filgotinib free base

WO 2017012773

The present invention relates to cryst. filgotinib free base (I), a method of its prepn. and a pharmaceutical compn. comprising the same. Thus, reacting the compd. II with thiomorpholine dioxide afforded 92% I (purity of 98.6%) which was then converted into its hydrochloride salt. Pharmaceutical compn. comprising compd. I was disclosed.

POLYMORPH

CN 105669669

The present invention provides a crystal form A, B, D, G and M of N-[5-[4-[(1,1-dioxido-4-thiomorpholinyl)methyl]phenyl][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropanecarboxamide hydrochloride.

PAPER

Future Medicinal Chemistry (2015), 7(2), 203-235. | Language: English, Database: CAPLUSA review. The discovery of the JAK-STAT pathway was a landmark in cell biol. The identification of these pathways has changed the landscape of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. The two first (unselective) JAK inhibitors have recently been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of myelofibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis and many other JAK inhibitors are currently in clin. development or at the discovery stage. Research groups have demonstrated the different roles of JAK member and the therapeutic potential of targeting them selectively. ………..

https://www.future-science.com/doi/10.4155/fmc.14.149

PAPER

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) (2018), 107(6), 1624-1632.

PATENT

US2010/331319 A1, ; Page/Page column 13-14

http://www.google.com/patents/US20100331319

Synthetic Preparation of the Compound of the Invention and Comparative Examples

The compound of the invention and the comparative examples can be produced according to the following scheme.

wherein Ar represents phenyl-L1-heterocycloalkyl, where L1 is a bond, —CH₂— or —CO— and the heterocycloalkyl group is optionally substituted.

General 1.1.1 1-(6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-3-carboethoxy-thiourea (2)

To a solution of 2-amino-6-bromopyridine (1) (253.8 g, 1.467 mol) in DCM (2.5 L) cooled to 5° C. is added ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate (173.0 mL, 1.467 mol) dropwise over 15 min. The reaction mixture is then allowed to warm to room temp. (20° C.) and stirred for 16 h. Evaporation in vacuo gives a solid which may be collected by filtration, thoroughly washed with petrol (3×600 mL) and air-dried to afford (2). The thiourea may be used as such for the next step without any purification. ¹H (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 12.03 (1H, br s, NH), 8.81 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz, H-3), 8.15 (1H, br s, NH), 7.60 (1H, t, J=8.0 Hz, H-4), 7.32 (1H, dd, J 7.7 and 0.6 Hz, H-5), 4.31 (2H, q, J 7.1 Hz, CH₂), 1.35 (3H, t, J 7.1 Hz, CH₃).

1.1.2 5-Bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine (3)

To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (101.8 g, 1.465 mol) in EtOH/MeOH (1:1, 900 mL) is added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (145.3 mL, 0.879 mol) and the mixture is stirred at room temp. (20° C.) for 1 h. 1-(6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-3-carboethoxy-thiourea (2) (89.0 g, 0.293 mol) is then added and the mixture slowly heated to reflux (Note: bleach scrubber is required to quench H₂S evolved). After 3 h at reflux, the mixture is allowed to cool and filtered to collect the precipitated solid. Further product is collected by evaporation in vacuo of the filtrate, addition of H₂O (250 mL) and filtration. The combined solids are washed successively with H₂O (250 mL), EtOH/MeOH (1:1, 250 mL) and Et₂O (250 mL) then dried in vacuo to afford the triazolopyridine derivative (3) as a solid. The compound may be used as such for the next step without any purification. ¹H (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.43-7.34 (2H, m, 2×aromatic-H), 7.24 (1H, dd, J 6.8 and 1.8 Hz, aromatic-H), 6.30 (2H, br, NH₂); m/z 213/215 (1:1, M+H⁺, 100%).

1.1.3 General Procedure for Mono-Acylation to Afford Intermediate (4)

To a solution of the 2-amino-triazolopyridine (3) (7.10 g, 33.3 mmol) in dry CH₃CN (150 mL) at 5° C. is added Et₃N (11.6 mL, 83.3 mmol) followed by cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (83.3 mmol). The reaction mixture is then allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred until all starting material (3) is consumed. If required, further Et₃N (4.64 mL, 33.3 mmol) and cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (33.3 mmol) is added to ensure complete reaction. Following solvent evaporation in vacuo the resultant residue is treated with 7 N methanolic ammonia solution (50 mL) and stirred at ambient temp. (for 1-16 h) to hydrolyse any bis-acylated product. Product isolation is made by removal of volatiles in vacuo followed by trituration with Et₂O (50 mL). The solids are collected by filtration, washed with H₂O (2×50 mL), acetone (50 mL) and Et₂O (50 mL), then dried in vacuo to give the required bromo intermediate (4).

Method A Preparation of Compounds of the Invention Via Suzuki Coupling (5):

An appropriate boronic acid (2 eq.) is added to a solution of bromo intermediate (4) in 1,4-dioxane/water (5:1). K₂CO₃(2 eq.) and PdCl₂dppf (5%) are added to the solution. The resulting mixture is then heated in a microwave at 140° C. for 30 min (this reaction can also be carried out by traditional heating in an oil bath at 90° C. for 16 h under N₂). Water is added and the solution is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers are dried over anhyd. MgSO₄and evaporated in vacuo. The final compound is obtained after purification by flash chromatography or preparative HPLC. HPLC: Waters XBridge Prep C18 5 μm ODB 19 mm ID×100 mm L (Part No. 186002978). All the methods are using MeCN/H₂O gradients. H₂O contains either 0.1% TFA or 0.1% NH₃.

Method B

B1. 4 4-[2-(Cyclopropanecarbonyl-amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl]-benzoyl chloride

2 Drops of DMF are added to a solution of 4-[2-(cyclopropanecarbonyl-amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl]-benzoic acid (1 eq) obtained by Method A using 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid in DCM under N₂atmosphere. Then oxalyl chloride (2 eq) is added dropwise to this resulting solution (gas release). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction by LCMS, the solvent is removed. The crude acid chloride is used without further purification in next step.

B2. Amide Formation (General Method)

An appropriate amine (1.1 eq) and Et₃N (5 eq) are dissolved in DCM under N₂atmosphere and cooled at 0° C. The acid chloride (B1, 1 eq) dissolved in DCM is added dropwise to this solution. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After this time, reaction is complete. The compound is extracted with EtOAc and water, washed with brine and dried over anhyd. MgSO₄. Organic layers are filtered and evaporated. The final compound is isolated by preparative HPLC. Preparative HPLC: Waters XBridge Prep C18 5 μm ODB 19 mm ID×100 mm L (Part No. 186002978). All the methods are using MeCN/H₂O gradients. H₂O contains either 0.1% TFA or 0.1% NH₃.

…

Synthesis of the Compound of the Invention and Comparative Examples Compound 1 (the Compound of the Invention) Step 1:

2-(4-Bromomethyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane (1 eq) and DIPEA (2 eq) were dissolved in DCM/MeOH (5:1 v:v) under N₂and thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide (2 eq) was added portionwise. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After this time, the reaction was complete. The solvent was evaporated. The compound was extracted with EtOAc and water, washed with brine and dried over anhyd. MgSO₄. Organic layers were filtered and evaporated. The final compound was isolated without further purification.

STEP 2: Suzuki coupling

4-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzyl]-thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide (1.1 eq.) was added to a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5-bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide in 1,4-dioxane/water (4:1). K₂CO₃(2 eq.) and PdCl₂dppf (0.03 eq.) were added to the solution. The resulting mixture was then heated in an oil bath at 90° C. for 16 h under N₂. Water was added and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were dried over anhyd. MgSO₄and evaporated in vacuo. The final compound was obtained after purification by flash chromatography.

Alternatively, after completion of the reaction, a palladium scavenger such as 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, is added, the reaction mixture is allowed to cooled down and a filtration is performed. The filter cake is reslurried in a suitable solvent (e.g. acetone), the solid is separated by filtration, washed with more acetone, and dried. The resulting solid is resuspended in water, aqueous HCl is added, and after stirring at RT, the resulting solution is filtered on celite (Celpure P300). Aqueous NaOH is then added to the filtrate, and the resulting suspension is stirred at RT, the solid is separated by filtration, washed with water and dried by suction. Finally the cake is re-solubilised in a mixture of THF/H₂O, treated with a palladium scavenger (e.g. SMOPEX 234) at 50° C., the suspension is filtered, the organic solvents are removed by evaporation, and the resulting slurry is washed with water and methanol, dried and sieved, to obtain the title compound as a free base.

Alternative Route to Compound 1 (the Compound of the Invention): Step 1:

4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid (1.1 eq.) was added to a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5-bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide in 1,4-dioxane/water (4:1). K₂CO₃(2 eq.) and PdCl₂dppf (0.03 eq.) were added to the solution. The resulting mixture was then heated in an oil bath at 90° C. for 16 h under N₂. Water was added and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were dried over anhyd. MgSO₄and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting mixture was used without further purification.

Step 2:

To a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-amide (1.0 eq) in chloroform was slowly added phosphorus tribromide (1.0 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, quenched with ice and water (20 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried over anhyd. MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The resulting white residue was triturated in dichloromethane/diethyl ether 2:1 to afford the expected product as a white solid.

Step 3:

Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-bromomethyl-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-amide (1 eq) and DIPEA (2 eq) were dissolved in DCM/MeOH (5:1 v:v) under N₂and thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide (1.1 eq) was added dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After this time, the reaction was complete. The solvent was evaporated. The compound was dissolved in DCM, washed with water and dried over anhyd. MgSO₄. Organic layers were filtered and evaporated. The final compound was isolated by column chromatography using EtOAc to afford the desired product.

…………………….

PATENT

WO 2015117981

Novel salts and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for the treatment of inflammatory disorders

Also claims a method for preparing filgotinib hydrochloride trihydrate. The present filing forms a pair with this week’s filing, WO2015117980, claiming a tablet composition comprising filgotinib hydrochloride.

The compound cyclopropanecarboxylic acid {5-[4-(l,l-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-phenyl]-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl -amide (Compound 1), which has the chemical structure:

is disclosed in our earlier application WO 2010/149769 (Menet C. J., 2010) as being an inhibitor of JAK and as being useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, proliferative diseases, allergy, transplant rejection, diseases involving impairment of cartilage turnover, congenital cartilage malformations, and/or diseases associated with hypersecretion of IL6 or interferons. Hereafter this compound is named Compound 1. The data presented in WO 2010/149769 demonstrate that despite similar in vitro activities, Compound 1 has unexpectedly high in vivo potency compared with structurally similar compounds.

Example 1. Preparation of Compound 1

1.1. Route 1

1.1.1. 4-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzyl]-thiomorpholine-l,l-dioxide

[00205] 2-(4-Bromomethyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolane (1 eq) and DIPEA (2 eq) are dissolved in DCM/MeOH (5:1 v:v) under N₂ and thiomorpholine 1,1 -dioxide (2 eq) is added portionwise. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 16h. After this time, the reaction is complete. The solvent is evaporated. The compound is extracted with EtOAc and water, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous MgSO i. Organic layers are filtered and evaporated. The final compound is isolated without further purification.

1.1.2. Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5-bromo-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide

1.1.2.1. Step i): l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-3-carboethoxy-thiourea

[00206] To a solution of 2-amino-6-bromopyridine (1) (253.8 g, 1.467 mol) in DCM (2.5 L) cooled to 5°C is added ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate (173.0 mL, 1.467 mol) dropwise over 15 min. The reaction

mixture is then allowed to warm to room temp. (20 °C) and stirred for 16 h. Evaporation in vacuo gives a solid which may be collected by filtration, thoroughly washed with petrol (3 x 600 niL) and air-dried to afford the desired product. The thiourea may be used as such for the next step without any purification. ^lH (400 MHz, CDC1₃) δ 12.03 (1H, br s), 8.81 (1H, d), 8.15 (1H, br s), 7.60 (1H, t), 7.32 (1H, dd), 4.31 (2H, q), 1.35 (3H, t).

1.1.2.2. Step ii): 5-Bromo-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine

[00207] To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (101.8 g, 1.465 mol) in EtOH/MeOH (1 : 1, 900 mL) is added NN-diisopropylethylamine (145.3 mL, 0.879 mol) and the mixture is stirred at room temp. (20 °C) for 1 h. l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-3-carboethoxy-thiourea (2) (89.0 g, 0.293 mol) is then added and the mixture slowly heated to reflux (Note: bleach scrubber is required to quench H₂S evolved). After 3h at reflux, the mixture is allowed to cool and filtered to collect the precipitated solid. Further product is collected by evaporation in vacuo of the filtrate, addition of H₂0 (250 mL) and filtration. The combined solids are washed successively with H₂0 (250 mL), EtOH/MeOH (1 : 1, 250 mL) and Et₂0 (250 mL) then dried in vacuo to afford the triazolopyridine derivative (3) as a solid. The compound may be used as such for the next step without any purification. ^lH (400 MHz, DMSO-i¼) δ 7.43-7.34 (2H, m, 2 x aromatic-H), 7.24 (1H, dd, J 6.8 and 1.8 Hz, aromatic-H), 6.30 (2H, br, NH₂); m/z 213/215 (1 : 1, M+H⁺, 100%).

1.1.2.3. Step Hi): Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5-bromo-[l ,2,4]triazolo[l ,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide

[00208] To a solution of the 2-amino-triazolopyridine obtained in the previous step (7.10 g, 33.3 mmol) in dry MeCN (150 mL) at 5°C is added Et₃N (11.6 mL, 83.3 mmol) followed by cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (83.3 mmol). The reaction mixture is then allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred until all starting material is consumed. If required, further Et₃N (4.64 mL, 33.3 mmol) and cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (33.3 mmol) is added to ensure complete reaction. Following solvent evaporation in vacuo the resultant residue is treated with 7 N methanolic ammonia solution (50 mL) and stirred at ambient temp, (for 1-16 h) to hydro lyse any bis-acylated product. Product isolation is made by removal of volatiles in vacuo followed by trituration with Et₂0 (50 mL). The solids are collected by filtration, washed with H₂0 (2x50mL), acetone (50 mL) and Et₂0 (50 mL), then dried in vacuo to give the desired compound.

1.1.3. Compound 1

[00209] 4-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[l ,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzyl] hiomoφholine , l -dioxide (l . l eq.) is added to a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5-bromo-[l ,2,4]triazolo[l ,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide in 1 ,4-dioxane/water (4: 1). K₂CO₃ (2 eq.) and PdC^dppf (0.03 eq.) are added to the solution. The resulting mixture is then heated in an oil bath at 90°C for 16h under N₂. Water is added and the solution is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers are dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and evaporated in vacuo.

[00210] The final compound is obtained after purification by flash chromatography.

[00211] Alternatively, after completion of the reaction, a palladium scavenger such as 1 ,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, is added, the reaction mixture is allowed to cool down and a filtration is performed. The filter cake is reslurried in a suitable solvent (e.g. acetone), the solid is separated by filtration, washed with more acetone, and dried. The resulting solid is resuspended in water, aqueous HC1 is added, and after stirring at room temperature, the resulting solution is filtered on celite (Celpure P300). Aqueous NaOH is then added to the filtrate, and the resulting suspension is stirred at room temperature, the solid is separated by filtration, washed with water and dried by suction. Finally the cake is re-solubilised in a mixture of THF/H₂0, treated with a palladium scavenger (e.g. SMOPEX 234) at 50°C, the suspension is filtered, the organic solvents are removed by evaporation, and the resulting slurry is washed with water and methanol, dried and sieved, to obtain the desired compound as a free base.

1.2. Route 2

1.2.1. Step 1: cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-[l,2, 4]triazolo[l, 5- a] pyridin-2-yl] -amide

[00212] 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid (l . l eq.) is added to a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (5-bromo-[l ,2,4]triazolo[l ,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)-amide in 1 ,4-dioxane/water

(4:1). K2CO3 (2 eq.) and PdC^dppf (0.03 eq.) are added to the solution. The resulting mixture is then heated in an oil bath at 90°C for 16h under N₂. Water is added and the solution is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers are dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting mixture is used without further purification.

1.2.2. Step 2: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-bromomethyl-phenyl)-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5- a Jpyridin-2-ylJ -amide

[00213] To a solution of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl] -amide (1.0 eq) in chloroform is slowly added phosphorus tribromide (1.0 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 h, quenched with ice and water (20 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer is dried over anhydrous MgSO i, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The resulting white residue is triturated in dichloromethane/diethyl ether 2:1 to afford the desired product.

1.2.3. Step 3:

[00214] Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [5-(4-bromomethyl-phenyl)-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-amide (l eq) and DIPEA (2 eq) are dissolved in DCM/MeOH (5: 1 v:v) under N₂ and thiomorpho line 1,1-dioxide (1.1 eq) is added dropwise. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 16h. After this time, the reaction is complete. The solvent is evaporated. The compound is dissolved in DCM, washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO i. Organic layers are filtered and evaporated. The final compound is isolated by column chromatography using EtOAc to afford the desired product.

…………………

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2013189771A1?cl=en

Example 1. Synthesis of the compounds

1.1. Route 1

1.1.1. Synthesis of 5-Bromo-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-ylamine (Intermediate 3)

led to 5 °C was added ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate (173.0 mL, 1.467 mol) dropwise over 15 min. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temp. (20 °C) and stirred for 16 h. Evaporation in vacuo gave a solid which was collected by filtration, thoroughly washed with petrol (3×600 mL) and air-dried to afford (2). The thiourea was used as such in the next step without any purification.

[00157] ^lH (400 MHz, CDC1₃) δ 12.03 (IH, br s, NH), 8.81 (IH, d, J 7.8 Hz, H-3), 8.15 (IH, br s, NH), 7.60 (IH, t, J 8.0 Hz, H-4), 7.32 (IH, dd, J 7.7 and 0.6 Hz, H-5), 4.31 (2H, q, J 7.1 Hz, CH₂), 1.35 (3H, t, J 7.1 Hz, CH₃).

1.1.1.2. 5-Bromo-f 1,2, 4]triazolo[ 1 ,5-a] pyridin-2-ylamine (3)

[00158] To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (101.8 g, 1.465 mol) in EtOH/MeOH (1 : 1, 900 mL) was added NN-diisopropylethylamine (145.3 mL, 0.879 mol) and the mixture was stirred at room temp. (20 °C) for 1 h. l-(6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-3-carboethoxy-thiourea (2) (89.0 g, 0.293 mol) was then added and the mixture slowly heated to reflux (Note: bleach scrubber was required to quench H₂S evolved). After 3 h at reflux, the mixture was allowed to cool and filtered to collect the precipitated solid. Further product was collected by evaporation in vacuo of the filtrate, addition of H₂0 (250 mL) and filtration. The combined solids were washed successively with H₂0 (250 mL), EtOH/MeOH (1 : 1, 250 mL) and Et₂0 (250 mL) then dried in vacuo to afford the triazolopyridine derivative (3) as a solid. The compound was used as such in the next step without any purification.

[00159] ^lH (400 MHz, DMSO-i¼) δ 7.43-7.34 (2H, m, 2 x aromatic-H), 7.24 (1H, dd, J 6.8 and 1.8 Hz, aromatic-H), 6.30 (2H, br, NH₂); m/z 213/215 (1 : 1, M+H⁺, 100%).

1.1.2. Synthesis of 4-[ 4-(4, 4, 5, 5-Tetramethyl-f 1, 3,2] ‘ dioxaborolan-2-yl) -benzyl] ‘- thiomor holine- 1, 1 -dioxide (Intermediate 4)

[00160] 2-(4-Bromomethyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolane (1 eq) and DIPEA (2 eq) were dissolved in DCM/MeOH (5:1 v:v) under N₂ and thiomorpholine 1,1 -dioxide (2 eq) was added portion wise. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 16h. After this time, the reaction was complete. The solvent was evaporated. The compound was extracted with EtOAc and water, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous MgSO i. Organic layers were filtered and evaporated. The final compound was isolated without further purification.

1.1.3. Synthesis of 5-[4-(l, l-Dioxothiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-phenyl]-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5- a ridin-2-ylamine (Formula I)

[00161] 4-[4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzyl]-thiomorpholine-l,l-dioxide (l .leq.) was added to a solution of 5-bromo-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyrid in-2-ylamine (4: 1). K₂CO₃ (2 eq.) and PdC^dppf (0.03 eq.) were added to the solution. The resulting mixture was then heated in an oil bath at 90°C for 16h under N₂. Water was added and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSC>4 and evaporated in vacuo. The final compound was obtained after purification by flash chromatography.

[00162] ^lH (400 MHz, CDC1₃) δ 7.94-7.92 (d, 2H), 7.52-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.02-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.00 (d, 2H), 3.76 (d, 2H), 3.15-3.13 (m, 4H), 2.93-2.91 (m, 4H).

[00163] m/z 358.2 (M+H⁺, 100%). 1.2. Route 2

1.2.1. Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid {5-[4-(l, l-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-phenylJ- [l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-2-yl}-amide (Formula II)

[00164] The compound according to Formula II may be synthesized according to the procedure described in WO 2010/149769.

1.2.2. Synthesis of 5-[4-(l, l-Dioxothiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)-phenyl]-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5- aJpyridin-2-ylamine (Formula I)

[00165] The compound according to Formula I can also be produced by hydrolysis of the compound accor ing to Formula II:

[00166] Hydrochloric acid 30% aq (12.06 kg; 3.9 rel. volumes) was added to a slurry of the compound according to Formula II (3.45 kg; 1.0 equiv.) in demineralized water (10.0 kg; 3.0 rel. volumes). Subsequently, a line rinse was performed with demineralized water (3.4 kg; 1.0 rel. volumes). The reaction mixture was heated to 80±5°C for 14.5 h. After completion of the reaction (conversion > 99%>), the reaction mixture was cooled to 20±5°C. The reaction mixture was diluted with demineralized water (6.8 kg; 2.0 rel. volumes) and sodium hydroxide 33%> aq (9.52 kg; 3.7 rel volumes) was dosed at such a rate that the temperature of the reactor contents remained below 35°C. An additional amount of sodium hydroxide 33%> aq (2.55 kg; 1.0 rel. volumes) was needed to get the pH > 10. The product was filtered off, washed twice with demineralized water (1.5 rel. volumes) and dried under vacuum for 1 h, thus yielding the crude compound according to Formula I.

[00167] The crude compound according to Formula I (5.70 kg) was re-slurried in demineralized water (23.0 kg; 8.5 rel. volumes). Hydrochloric acid 30%> aq (1.65 kg; 0.7 rel. volumes) and demineralized water (4.3 kg; 1.6 rel. volumes) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 20±5°C for 45 min. As the compound according to Formula I was not dissolved completely, the reaction mixture was stirred at 45±5°C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the residue was washed with demineralized water (2.0 kg 0.75 rel. volumes). Sodium hydroxide 33%> aq (1.12 kg; 0.6 rel volumes) was added to the filtrate. An additional amount of sodium hydroxide 33%> aq (1.01 kg) was needed to get the pH > 10. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 20±5°C for about 3 h. The product was filtered off, washed twice with demineralized water (4.1 kg; 1.5 rel. volumes), and twice with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE; 3.0 kg; 1.5 rel. volumes) and dried under vacuum for 15.5 h on the filter. The product was further dried in a vacuum oven at 40±5°C for 202 h, thus affording the desired compound according to Formula I.

Update

WO-2016179207

Scheme 1: General S nthesis of Compounds of Formula I or A

Formula A

Scheme 7.

(16) (17) (18)

(18a): R^3a=R^3b=R^2a=R (18b): R^3a=R^3b=D; R^2a 18c): R^3a=R^3b=H; R^2a

References

Namour, Florence; Diderichsen, Paul Matthias; Cox, Eugène; Vayssière, Béatrice; Van der Aa, Annegret; Tasset, Chantal; Van’t Klooster, Gerben (2015-02-14). “Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Filgotinib (GLPG0634), a Selective JAK1 Inhibitor, in Support of Phase IIB Dose Selection”. Clin Pharmacokinet. Epub ahead of print.doi:10.1007/s40262-015-0240-z.
Van Rompaey, L; Galien, R; Van der Aar, E; Clement-Lacroix, P; Van der Aar, E; Nelles, L; Smets, B; Lepescheux, L; Cristophe, T; Conrath, K; Vandeghinste, N; Vayssiere, B; De Vos, S; Fletcher, S; Brys, R; Van’t Klooster, G; Feyen, J; Menet, C (2013-10-01). “Preclinical characterization of GLPG0634, a selective inhibitor of JAK1 for the treatment of inflammatory diseases”. J Immunol. 191(7). doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201348.
http://acrabstracts.org/abstracts/phase-1-and-phase-2-data-confirm-that-glpg0634-a-selective-jak1-inhibitor-has-a-low-potential-for-drug-drug-interactions/
“Galapagos’ GLPG0634 shows excellent efficacy and safety in rheumatoid arthritis Phase II study” (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved 2015-02-26.
“Galapagos reports that the last patient in DARWIN 1 has completed 12 weeks of treatment” (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved 2015-02-26.
“Galapagos completes recruitment for Darwin 1 study with GLPG0634 (filgotinib) in RA”. EuroInvestor. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
NASDAQ OMX Corporate Solutions. “Galapagos completes recruitment for Darwin 2 monotherapy study with GLPG0634 (filgotinib) in RA”. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 2015-02-26.

US8551980	Nov 17, 2010	Oct 8, 2013	Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh	Substituted triazolopyridines
US8796457	Jun 25, 2010	Aug 5, 2014	Galapagos Nv	Compound useful for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases

Filgotinib
Systematic (IUPAC) name

N-[5-[4-[(1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)methyl]phenyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropanecarboxamide
Clinical data
Routes of administration	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Biological half-life	6 hours^[1]
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	1206161-97-8
ATC code	L01XE18
IUPHAR/BPS	7913
ChemSpider	28189566
UNII	3XVL385Q0M
ChEMBL	CHEMBL3301607
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₁H₂₃N₅O₃S
Molecular mass	425.50402 g/mol

Patent	Submitted	Granted
Compound useful for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases [US8088764]	2010-12-30	2012-01-03
NOVEL COMPOUNDS USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF DEGENERATIVE AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES [US2011190260]	2011-08-04

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/////////Galapagos, GLPG0634, Filgotinib, PHASE 2, orphan drug designation, PHASE 3, Crohn’s disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Ulceraticolitis

ve SMILES code: O=C(C1CC1)NC2=NN3C(C4=CC=C(CN5CCS(CC5)(=O)=O)C=C4)=CC=CC3=N2

FDA grants orphan drug status for Lipocine’s LPCN 1107 to prevent preterm birth

June 4, 2015 3:15 am / 2 Comments on FDA grants orphan drug status for Lipocine’s LPCN 1107 to prevent preterm birth

17-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate

630-56-8

[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-Acetyl-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] hexanoate
Molecular Weight: 428.6041 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₂₇H₄₀O₄

Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione,17-hydroxy-, hexanoate (7CI,8CI);Progesterone, 17-hydroxy-, hexanoate (6CI);Hexanoic acid, ester with 17-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (8CI);17a-Caproyloxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione;17a-Hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dionecaproate;17a-Hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dionehexanoate;17a-Hydroxyprogesteronecaproate;17a-Hydroxyprogesteronen-caproate;Delalutin;Depo-proluton;Hormofort;Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione,17-[(1-oxohexyl)oxy]-;NSC 17592;Neolutin;Primolut Depot;Procyte Depo;Proge;Syngynon;Teralutil;

FDA grants orphan drug status for Lipocine’s LPCN 1107 to prevent preterm birth
Specialty pharmaceutical firm Lipocine has received orphan drug designation from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its LPCN 1107 to prevent preterm birth (PTB).

http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newsfda-grants-orphan-drug-status-lipocines-lpcn-1107-prevent-preterm-birth-4592067?WT.mc_id=DN_News

LPCN 1107 is an oral product candidate of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate under development for the indication of prevention of recurrent preterm birth. LPCN 1107 has the potential to become the first oral HPC product for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a prior history of at least one preterm birth. Potential benefits of our oral product candidate relative to current injectable products include the elimination of pain and site reactions associated with weekly injections, elimination of weekly doctor visits or visits from the nurse, and elimination of interference/disruption of personal, family or professional activities associated with weekly visits.

Preterm Birth (PTB) is defined as delivery of less than 37 weeks of gestation. PTB occurs in ~12% of all US births. PTB remains the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, accounting for as many as 75% of perinatal deaths.

The expense associated with PTB involves not only the immediate cost of the preterm baby being treated in the hospital ICU setting, but includes the long term treatment costs for disabilities for the life of the child. Current total PTB related economic impact on the US health system far exceeds $26 billion, an estimated cost in 2006.

Behrman RE et al. in: Behrman RE, Butler AS, eds. Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006:329-354.

There is a significant unmet need for a ‘patient friendly’ product for the prevention of PTB. The only FDA approved product for the prevention of PTB must be given by an intra-muscular injection each week for a total of 18-22 injections.

LPCN 1107: A Novel Oral Alternative

LPCN 1107 Product Attributes:

Designed for oral administration twice daily of hydroxyprogesterone caproate (same active as in the only FDA approvd injectable product for the prevention of recurrent PTB).
Eliminates site reaction and pain at the site of injection
Eliminates regular doctor office visits or visits from the nurse (weekly visits for 16 – 20 weeks)
Significant absorption upon oral dosing of LPCN 1107 in healthy non-pregnant women
Good dose response demonstrated in healthy non-pregnant women
LPCN 1107 was well tolerated in single dose study
LPCN 1107 may be eligible for orphan drug designation

LPCN 1107, Lipocine’s oral hydroxyprogesterone caproate (HPC) product candidate has the potential to become the first oral HPC product for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a prior history of at least one preterm birth. Potential benefits of our oral product candidate relative to current once-a-week intramuscular (IM) injectable product include the elimination of pain and site reactions associated with weekly injections, elimination of weekly doctor visits or visits from the nurse, and elimination of interference/disruption of personal, family or professional activities associated with weekly visits. Lipocine has successfully completed a Phase 1 study under a US IND designed to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of LPCN 1107 relative to an IM HPC, as well as safety and tolerability, in healthy non-pregnant female volunteers.

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a synthetic, steroidal progestin that is similar to medroxyprogesterone acetate andmegestrol acetate. It is an ester derivative of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone formed from caproic acid (hexanoic acid).

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate was previously marketed under the trade name Delalutin by Squibb, which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1956 and withdrawn from marketing in 1999.

The US FDA approved Makena from KV Pharmaceutical (previously named as Gestiva) on February 4, 2011 for prevention ofpreterm delivery in women with a history of preterm delivery, sparking a pricing controversy.

Synthesis

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate can be prepared by the following sequence:^[13]

It is made from 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (16-DPA),^[14] product of the Marker degradation.

Ringold, H. J.; Loken, B.; Rosenkraz, G.; Sondheimer, F.; J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 816.

……………………………….

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/CN104017041A?cl=en

method of synthesizing progesterone caproate, comprising the steps of:

[0006] Step one to 17 α- hydroxy progesterone as a raw material, and n-hexyl acid in pyridine and p-toluene sulfonic acid catalysis by esterification reaction mixture esterified, the reaction is as follows

Step two, to the mixture of step one described esterified in an alcohol solution of acid catalysis to give progesterone caproate

Ketone crude reaction is as follows:

Step one to obtain a mixture containing progesterone caproate ester compound of step two the mixture is esterified in an alcohol solution of acid catalysis to give progesterone caproate crude. The reaction process of the present invention avoids the costly esterification agent n-hexyl anhydride used materials costs and recovery costs are significantly reduced.

Example 1

17 a – hydroxy progesterone 20g, n-caproic acid 40ml, topiramate 唳 16ml, p-toluenesulfonic acid 1.6g, toluene 300ml, 500ml three-necked flask were put, the reaction temperature was raised to between 110 ~ 120 ° C 3 hours TLC sampling The reaction was monitored. The reaction is as follows:

[0016] 17 a – hydroxy progesterone concentration treatment made after completion of the reaction, as a method for the enrichment process concentrated under reduced pressure and toluene, pyridine, and the unfinished batch reaction of n-hexanoic acid.

After the end of the [0017] concentrated in the three-necked flask was added 100mL ethanol, 3ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was heated to reflux alcohol solution 2 hours, the reaction was monitored sampling TLC, complete hydrolysis of the diester into progesterone caproate stop the reaction. The reaction is as follows:

cooled to below 5 ° C, filtered and dried to obtain crude progesterone caproate 24g, crude yield of 120%.Progesterone caproate crude was purified with ethanol to give progesterone caproate boutique 19.Sg, progesterone caproate Collectibles yield based on the crude progesterone caproate 82.5% of the total yield of 99.0% o

Example 2

17 α – hydroxy progesterone 20g, n-caproic acid 50ml, topiramate 唳 30ml, p-toluenesulfonic acid 3g, toluene 300ml, 500ml three-necked flask were put, the reaction temperature was raised to between 110 ~ 120 ° C 3 hours TLC monitoring sampling reaction. 17 α – hydroxy progesterone concentration treatment made after completion of the reaction, as the concentration treatment method evaporated toluene, pyridine and n-hexyl Unreacted acid.

After the end of the [0022] concentrated in the three-necked flask was added 100mL ethanol, 5ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was heated to reflux alcohol solution I hour, the reaction was monitored sampling TLC, complete hydrolysis of the diester into progesterone caproate stop the reaction. Cooled to below 5 ° C, filtered and dried to obtain crude progesterone caproate 23.5g, crude yield of 117.5%. Progesterone caproate crude was purified with ethanol to give progesterone caproate boutique 19.2g, progesterone caproate Collectibles yield based on the crude progesterone caproate 81.7%, the total yield was 96.0%.

Example 3

17 α – hydroxy progesterone 20g, n-caproic acid 60ml, topiramate 唳 40ml, p-toluenesulfonic acid 4g, toluene 300ml, 500ml three-necked flask were put, the reaction temperature was raised to between 110 ~ 120 ° C 2.5 hours TLC monitoring sampling reaction. 17 α – hydroxy progesterone concentration treatment made after completion of the reaction, as the concentration treatment method evaporated toluene, pyridine and n-hexyl Unreacted acid.

After the end of the [0025] concentrated in the three-necked flask was added 100mL ethanol, 8ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was heated to reflux alcohol solution 40 minutes, the reaction was monitored sampling TLC, complete hydrolysis of the diester into progesterone caproate stop the reaction. Cooled to below 5 ° C, filtered and dried to obtain crude progesterone caproate 23g, crude yield of 115%. Progesterone caproate crude was purified with ethanol to give progesterone caproate fine 19g, progesterone caproate Collectibles yield based on the crude progesterone caproate 82.6% of the total yield of 95.0%.

Example 4

17 α – hydroxy progesterone 20g, n-caproic acid 60ml, topiramate 唳 40ml, p-toluenesulfonic acid 4g, benzene, 300ml, 500ml three-necked flask were put, the reaction temperature was raised to between 110 ~ 120 ° C 2.5 hours TLC monitoring sampling reaction. 17 α- hydroxy progesterone concentration treatment made after completion of the reaction, as a method for the enrichment process concentrated under reduced pressure benzene, pyridine and non-completion of the reaction of n-hexanoic acid.

After the end of the [0028] concentrated in the three-necked flask was added 100mL of methanol, 8ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was heated to reflux alcohol solution 40 minutes, the reaction was monitored sampling TLC, complete hydrolysis of the diester into progesterone caproate stop the reaction. Cooled to below 5 ° C, filtered and dried to obtain crude progesterone caproate 23g, crude yield of 115%. Progesterone caproate crude was purified with ethanol to give progesterone caproate fine 19g, progesterone caproate Collectibles yield based on the crude progesterone caproate 82.6% of the total yield of 95.0%.

Notes

SMFM Clinical Guideline: Progesterone and preterm birth prevention: translating clinical trials data into clinical practice, AJOG May 2012
Meirs et al. NEJM 2003
Dodd JM, Flenady V, Cincotta R, Crowther CA; The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006 Issue 1
Keirse, MJNC; Progesterone (2004). “déjà vu” or “still to be seen”?.”. Birth 31: 3.
Johnson, JWC; Austin, KL; Jones, GS; Davis, GH; King, TM (1975). “Efficacy of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the prevention of premature labor”. NEJM 293 (14): 675.doi:10.1056/nejm197510022931401.
Yemini, M; Borenstein, R; Dreazen et al. (1985). “Prevention of premature labor by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate”. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151 (5): 574–7. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(85)90141-3.
Meis PJ et al. Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Delivery by 17 Alpha-hydroxyprogesterone Caproate. NEJM, 2003: vol 348, no 24, pg 2379-2385.
Keirse MJNC, Progestogen administration in pregnancy may prevent preterm delivery. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1990 February; 97:149.
Advisory Committees: CDER 2006 Meeting Documents
Hendrix AG, et al. Embriotoxicity of sex steroidal hormones in nonhuman primates: II. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate, estradiol valerate. Teratology 1987 February. 35 (1): 129.
Duke University Medical Center, New England Journal of Medicine, correspondence, vol 349.
Hauth, JC; Gilstrap, LC; Brekken, AL; Hauth, JM (1983). “The effect of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on pregnancy outcome in an active-duty military population”. Am J Obstet Gynecol 146 (2): 187.
Ringold, H. J.; Loken, B.; Rosenkraz, G.; Sondheimer, F. (1956). “Steroids. LXXIII. The Direct Oppenauer Oxidation of Steroidal Formate Esters. A New Synthesis of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone”. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 78 (4): 816. doi:10.1021/ja01585a030.
Goswami, A.; Kotoky, R.; Rastogi, R. C.; Ghosh, A. C. (2003). “A One-Pot Efficient Process for 16-Dehydropregnenolone Acetate”. Organic Process Research & Development 7 (3): 306.doi:10.1021/op0200625.
Armstrong J (May 2011). “Unintended consequences — the cost of preventing preterm births after FDA approval of a branded version of 17OHP”. N. Engl. J. Med. 364 (18): 1689–91.doi:10.1056/NEJMp1102796. PMID 21410391.

Sources

FDA Reproductive Health Drugs Advisory Committee. August 29, 2006 Meeting to discuss NDA 21-945 Gestiva (Adeza Biomedical)
17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection, 250 mg/mL, for the proposed indication: prevention of preterm delivery in women with a history of a prior preterm delivery.
Adeza Biomedical (October 23, 2006) Receives FDA Approvable Letter For Gestiva
Adeza gets orphan drug designation for Gestiva (January 31, 2007)
Cytyc Acquires Adeza Biomedical Corporation (April 3, 2007)
Adeza’s name changed to Cytyc Prenatal Products Corp.

TAKE A TOUR

KODAIKANAL, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Kodaikanal – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaikanal

Kodaikanal is a city in the hills of the Dindigul district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Its name in the Tamil language means “The Gift of the Forest”. Kodaikanal …

‎History of Kodaikanal – ‎Kodaikanal taluk – ‎Kodaikanal block – ‎Category:Kodaikanal

Map of kodaikanal .

CUISINE OF TAMILNADU

Cuisine of Tamil Nadu

Like all other South Indian states, Tamil Nadu is also known for a wide variety of delicious food both for the vegetarians as well as the non-vegetarians. Grains, lentils, rice and vegetables are the main ingredients of the traditional foods of Tamil Nadu. Spices add flavor and give a distinctive taste to the Tamil cuisines. Some of the most common and popular dishes of the region are idly, dosai, vada, pongal and Uppuma. Coconut chutney and sambhar invariably form a part of most of the Tamil dishes.

The typical Tamil breakfast includes dosai, which is a pancake made from a batter of rice, idly (steamed rice cakes) and lentils (crisp fried on a pan), vada (deep fried doughnuts prepared from a batter of lentils), pongal (a mash of rice and lentils boiled together and seasoned with cashew nuts, ghee, pepper and cummin seed), uppuma (cooked semolina seasoned in oil with mustard, pepper, cummin seed and dry lentils). These are the main local dishes but there are several variations that are eaten with coconut chutney and mulaga podi.For lunch and the main course, the food consists of boiled rice, which is served with an assortment of vegetable dishes, sambar, chutneys, rasam (a hot broth prepared from tamarind juice and pepper) and curd. On the other hand, the non-vegetarian lunch and dinner include curries and dishes cooked with chicken, mutton or fish. Crispy Papad/Papar and appalam form an important part of a typical Tamil meal.Filter coffee is a famous and popular beverage of the people of Tamil Nadu in general and Chennai in particular. It is interesting to note that making of filter coffee is like a ritual as the coffee beans are first roasted and then powdered. After the grinding work is over, the powder is put into a filter set and then boiling water is added to prepare the decoction, which is allowed to set for about 15-18 minutes. The decoction is ready and can be added to milk with sugar according to taste. The coffee is poured from one container to another in quick succession so that the ideal frothy cup of filter coffee is ready.

Chettinad Cuisine

Chettinad cuisine is one of the spiciest and most aromatic in India. The name Chettinad cuisine comes from the place of its origin, Chettinad. Chettinad cuisine and delicacy is a specialty of Tamil Nadu and is a delight for non-vegetarian food lovers. The Chettinad cuisine consists of several variations of mutton, fish, and chicken items. The Chettinad Pepper Chicken is a specialty of all the non-vegetarian dishes. Dishes like biryani and paya are popular Tamil style of Mughali food. Paya is a type of spiced trotters broth and is usually eaten with either parathas or appam.

Tapioca Masala

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尼达尼布ニンテダニブ NINTEDANIB For Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

December 10, 2014 5:25 am / Leave a comment

NINTEDANIB, BBIF 1120, Intedanib

Boehringer Ingelheim Corp

As a potential treatment for a range of different solid tumour types

CAS 656247-17-5

CAS 1377321-64-6 (nintedanib bisethanesulfonate)

CAS [656247-18-6] mono ethane sulfonate

3(Z)-[1-[4-[N-Methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenylamino]-1-phenylmethylene]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester

MW 539.62, MF C₃₁ H₃₃ N₅ O₄

Launched 2014 USA….Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

chinese, japanese

尼达尼布ニンテダニブ

ChemSpider 2D Image | Nintedanib esylate | C33H39N5O7S

Ethanesulfonic acid – methyl (3Z)-3-{[(4-{methyl[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)acetyl]amino}phenyl)amino](phenyl)methylene}-2-oxo-6-indolinecarboxylate (1:1)

Nintedanib esylate

Cas 656247-18-6 [RN]

Methyl (3Z)-3-[({4-[N-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamido]phenyl}amino)(phenyl)methylidene]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxylate ethanesulfonate

Nintedanib esylate [USAN]

(3Z)-2,3-Dihydro-3-[[[4-[methyl[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]amino]phenylmethylene]-2-oxo-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester ethanesulfonate

1H-Indole-6-carboxylic acid, 2,3dihydro-3-[[[4-[methyl[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]amino]phenylmethylene]-2-oxo-,methyl ester, (3Z)-, ethanesulfonate (1:1)

Nintedanib esylate, 656247-18-6, UNII-42F62RTZ4G, , NSC753000, NSC-753000, KB-62821

Molecular Formula: C₃₃H₃₉N₅O₇S Molecular Weight: 649.75706

ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩

Highly crystalline (mp = 305 °C) and exhibits a log P of 3.0 and good aqueous solubility (>20 mg/mL in water)…..J. Med. Chem., 2015, 58 (3), pp 1053–1063

Nintedanib esilate is a bright yellow powder soluble in water. The solubility increases at lower pH and decrease at higher pH due to the non-protonated free base which has a low solubility in water.At room temperature, the active substance exists only in one single crystalline form . The active substance contains no chiral centres. The double bond at C

-3 of the indole moiety allows forE/Zisomerism, but the activesubstance is the Z

-isomer……….http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002569/WC500179972.pdf

Trade Name：Ofev^® / Vargatef^®

MOA：Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Indication：Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

In 2011, orphan drug designation was assigned in the U.S. and Japan for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In 2013, orphan drug designation was also assigned for the same indication in the E.U. In 2014, a Breakthrough Therapy Designation was assigned to the compound for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Nintedanib (formerly BIBF 1120) is a small molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) being developed by Boehringer Ingelheim as an anti-angiogenesis anti-cancer agent under the trade name Vargatef, and recently approved for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as Ofev.

The use of nintedanib or its salts, particularly its esylate salt is claimed for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a patient who has received prior treatment with an anti-tumor therapy other than with nintedanib, wherein the patient to be treated is selected for treatment on the basis showing progression of the cancer within a period of 9 months or less after the initiation of said prior treatment. It is also claimed that the compound may be administered in combination with an anti-cancer drug, eg docetaxel. Nintedanib is known to be an antagonist of FGF-1, FGF-2, FGF-3, VEGF-1, VEGF-2, VEGF-3, PDGF-α and PDGF-β receptors.

Use of nintedanib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in a patient who has received prior anti-tumour therapy other than with nintedanib. Boehringer Ingelheim has developed and launched Ofev, an oral capsule formulation of nintedanib, for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), hepatic insufficiency and cancer, including metastatic NSCLC, ovarian, prostate and colorectal cancer. In October 2014, the US FDA approved the drug and an NDA was filed in Japan for IPF. Picks up from WO2014049099, claiming pharmaceutical combinations comprising nintedanib and sunitinib.

Nintedanib is an indolinone derivative angiogenesis inhibitor, originated at Boehringer Ingelheim. In 2014, the product candidate was approved and launched in the U.S. for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and a positive opinion was received by the EMA for the same indication. Also in 2014, Nintedanib was approved in the E.U. for the oral treatment of locally advanced, metastatic or locally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of adenocarcinoma tumour histology after first-line chemotherapy, in combination with docetaxel.The drug candidate is a small-molecule triple kinase inhibitor targeting the angiogenesis kinases (angiokinases) vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). By allowing the vascularization necessary for the nourishment of tumors, these angiokinases have been implicated in tumor growth, proliferation and metastasis. In previous studies, intedanib potently and selectively inhibited human endothelial cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). It showed good oral bioavailability and tolerance, and significant antitumor activity was observed in a number of human tumor xenograft models.

Mechanism of action

Nintedanib is an indolinone-derived drug that inhibits the process of blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). Angiogenesis inhibitors stop the formation and reshaping of blood vessels in and around tumours, which reduces the tumour’s blood supply, starving tumour cells of oxygen and nutrients leading to cell death and tumour shrinkage. Unlike conventional anti-cancer chemotherapy which has a direct cell killing effect on cancer cells, angiogenesis inhibitors starve the tumour cells of oxygen and nutrients which results in tumour cell death. One of the advantages of this method of anti-cancer therapy is that it is more specific than conventional chemotherapy agents, therefore results in fewer and less severe side effects than conventional chemotherapy.

The process of new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) is essential for the growth and spread of cancers. It is mediated by signaling molecules (growth factors) released from cancer cells in response to low oxygen levels. The growth factors cause the cells of the tumour’s blood vessel to divide and reorganize resulting in the sprouting of new vessels in and around the tumour, improving its blood supply.

Angiogenesis is a process that is essential for the growth and spread of all solid tumours, blocking it prevents the tumour from growing and may result in tumour shrinkage as well as a reduction in the spread of the cancer to other parts of the body. Nintedanib exerts its anti-cancer effect by binding to and blocking the activation of cell receptors involved in blood vessel formation and reshaping (i.e. VEGFR 1-3, FGFR 1-3 AND PDGFRα and β). Inhibition of these receptors in the cells that make up blood vessels (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes) by Nintedanib leads to programmed cell death, destruction of tumor blood vessels and a reduction in blood flow to the tumour. Reduced tumour blood flow inhibits tumor cell proliferation and migration hence slowing the growth and spread of the cancer.^[1]

Adverse effects

Preclinical studies have shown that nintedanib binds in a highly selective manner to the ATP binding pocked of its three target receptor families, without binding to similarly shaped ATP domains in other proteins, which reduces the potential for undesirable side effects.^[2]

The most common side effects observed with nintedanib were reversible elevation in liver enzymes (10-28% of patients) and gastrointestinal disturbance (up to 50%). Side effects observed with nintedanib were worse with the higher 250 mg dose, for this reason subsequent trials have used the equally clinically effective 200 mg dose.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Nintedanib inhibits the growth and reshaping of blood vessels which is also an essential process in normal wound healing and tissue repair. Therefore a theoretical side effect of nintedanib is reduced wound healing however, unlike other anti-angiogenic agents, this side effect has not been observed in patients receiving nintedanib.

Studies

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that nintedanib selectively binds to and blocks the VEGF, FGF and PDGF receptors, inhibiting the growth of cells that constitute the walls of blood vessels (endothelial and smooth muscle cells and pericytes) in vitro. Nintedanib reduces the number and density of blood vessels in tumours in vivo, resulting in tumour shrinkage.^[1]^[2] Nintedanib also inhibits the growth of cells that are resistant to existing chemotherapy agents in vitro, which suggests a potential role for the agent in patients with solid tumours that are unresponsive to or relapse following current first line therapy.^[10]

Early clinical trials of nintedanib have been carried out in patients with non-small cell lung, colorectal, uterine, endometrial, ovarian and cervical cancer and multiple myeloma.^[4]^[5]^[7]^[8]^[9] These studies reported that the drug is active in patients, safe to administer and is stable in the bloodstream. They identified that the maximum tolerated dose of nintedanib is 20 0 mg when taken once a day.

Clinical studies

In the first human trials, nintedanib halted the growth of tumours in up to 50% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 76% of patients with advanced colorectal cancer and other solid tumours.^[4]^[8] A complete response was observed in 1/26 patients with non-small cell lung and 1/7 patients with ovarian cancer treated with nintedanib. A further 2 patients with ovarian cancer had partial responses to nintedanib.^[8]^[9]

Two phase II trials have been carried out assessing the efficacy, dosing and side effects of nintedanib in non-small cell lung and ovarian cancer. These trials found that nintedanib delayed relapse in patients with ovarian cancer by two months^[6] and that overall survival of patients with non-small cell lung who received nintedanib was similar to that observed with the FDA approved VEGFR inhibitor sorafenib. These trials also concluded that increasing the dose of the nintedanib has no effect on survival.^[3]

SYNTHESIS

WO2009071523A1

NINTEDANIB JYOJO

MORE SYNTHESIS

Route 1

Reference：1. WO0127081A1.

2. US6762180B1.

3. J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 4466-4480.

Route 2

Reference：1. WO2009071523A1 / US8304541B2.

Route 3

Reference：1. CN104262232A.

Route 4

Reference：1. CN104844499A.

Current clinical trials

Nintedanib is being tested in several phase I to III clinical trials for cancer. Angiogenesis inhibitors such as nintedanib may be effective in a range of solid tumour types including; lung, ovarian, metastatic bowel, liver and brain cancer. Patients are also being recruited for three phase III clinical trials that will evaluate the potential benefit of nintedanib when added to existing 1st line treatments in patients with ovarian.^[11] and 2nd line treatment in non-small cell lung cancer ^[12]^[13] The phase III trials of nintedanib in lung cancer have been named LUME-Lung 1 and LUME-Lung 2.

Current phase II trials are investigating the effect of nintedanib in patients with metastatic bowel cancer, liver cancer and the brain tumour: glioblastoma multiforme.^[14]

Phase III trials are investigating the use of nintedanib in combination with the existing chemotherapy agents permexetred and docetaxel in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,^[15] and in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as a first line treatment for patients with ovarian cancer.^[16]

A phase III clinical trial was underway examining the safety and efficacy of nintedanib on patients with the non-cancerous lung condition idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.^[17] Nintedanib, under the brand name Ofev, was approved by the FDA for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on 15 Oct 2014. ^[18]

In terms of clinical development, additional phase III clinical trials are ongoing for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, in combination with chemotherapy, and for the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Phase II clinical trials are also ongoing at the company for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, previously untreated patients with renal cell cancer, and for the treatment of patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. The National Cancer Center of Korea (NCC) is evaluating the compound in phase II studies as second line treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The Centre Oscar Lambret is also conducting phase II clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer in combination with docetaxel. Phase II trials are under way at EORTC as second line therapy for patients with either differentiated or medullary thyroid cancer progressing after first line therapy. The compound is also in early clinical development for the treatment of cancer of the peritoneal cavity, hepatocellular carcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia and ovarian cancer. Clinical trials have been completed for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Boehringer Ingelheim is also conducting phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of NSCLC and acute myeloid leukemia in addition to low-dose cytarabine. Phase I clinical studies are ongoing at the company for the treatment of epithelial ovary cancer and for the treatment of patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment. The company had been evaluating the compound in early clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer in combination with docetaxel, but recent progress reports for this indication are not available at present.

PAPER

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jm501562a

Nintedanib: From Discovery to the Clinic

Gerald J. Roth^*†, Rudolf Binder§, Florian Colbatzky‡, Claudia Dallinger∥, Rozsa Schlenker-Herceg^○, Frank Hilberg^∇, Stefan-Lutz Wollin⊥, and Rolf Kaiser#

^†Department of Medicinal Chemistry; ^§Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; ^‡Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety; ^∥Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology; ^⊥Department of Respiratory Diseases Research; and ^#Corporate Division Medicine, TA Oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany

^○ Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States

^∇ Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, A-1121 Vienna, Austria

J. Med. Chem., 2015, 58 (3), pp 1053–1063

DOI: 10.1021/jm501562a

Nintedanib (BIBF1120) is a potent, oral, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also known as a triple angiokinase inhibitor, inhibiting three major signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis. Nintedanib targets proangiogenic and pro-fibrotic pathways mediated by the VEGFR family, the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family, as well as Src and Flt-3 kinases. The compound was identified during a lead optimization program for small-molecule inhibitors of angiogenesis and has since undergone extensive clinical investigation for the treatment of various solid tumors, and in patients with the debilitating lung disease idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Recent clinical evidence from phase III studies has shown that nintedanib has significant efficacy in the treatment of NSCLC, ovarian cancer, and IPF. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the preclinical and clinical research and development of nintedanib from the initial drug discovery process to the latest available clinical trial data.

Roth, G. J.; Heckel, A.; Colbatzky, F.; Handschuh, S.; Kley, J.; Lehmann-Lintz, T.; Lotz, R.; Tontsch-Grunt,U.; Walter, R.; Hilberg, F.Design, synthesis, and evaluation of indolinones as triple angiokinase inhibitors and the discovery of a highly specific 6-methoxycarbonyl-substituted indolinone (BIBF 1120) J. Med. Chem.2009, 52, 4466– 4480
2.Roth, G. J.; Sieger, P.; Linz, G.; Rall, W.; Hilberg, F.; Bock, T. 3-Z-[1-(4-(N-((4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)-1-phenyl-methylene]-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone monoethanesulphonate and the use thereof as a pharmaceutical composition. WO2004/013099. 2004.
3.Merten, J.; Linz, G.; Schnaubelt, J.; Schmid, R.; Rall, W.; Renner, S.; Reichel, C.; Schiffers, R. Process for the manufacture of an indolinone derivative. WO2009/071523. 2009

PAPER

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm900431g

J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52 (14), pp 4466–4480

DOI: 10.1021/jm900431g

Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis through blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is a new treatment modality in oncology. Preclinical findings suggest that blockade of additional pro-angiogenic kinases, such as fibroblast and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (FGFR and PDGFR), may improve the efficacy of pharmacological cancer treatment. Indolinones substituted in position 6 were identified as selective inhibitors of VEGF-, PDGF-, and FGF-receptor kinases. In particular, 6-methoxycarbonyl-substituted indolinones showed a highly favorable selectivity profile. Optimization identified potent inhibitors of VEGF-related endothelial cell proliferation with additional efficacy on pericyctes and smooth muscle cells. In contrast, no direct inhibition of tumor cell proliferation was observed. Compounds 2 (BIBF 1000) and 3 (BIBF 1120) are orally available and display encouraging efficacy in in vivo tumor models while being well tolerated. The triple angiokinase inhibitor 3 is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.

PATENT

WO-2014180955

The present invention relates to a beneficial treatment of tumours in patients suffering from NSCLC, and to a clinical marker useful as predictive variable of the responsiveness of tumours in patients suffering from NSCLC. The present invention further relates to a method for selecting patients likely to respond to a given therapy, wherein said method optionally comprises the use of a specific clinical marker. The present invention further relates to a method for delaying disease progression and/or prolonging patient survival of NSCLC patients, wherein said method comprises the use of a specific clinical marker.

The monoethanesulphonate salt form of this compound presents properties which makes this salt form especially suitable for development as medicament. The chemical structure of 3-Z-[l-(4-(N-((4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)- 1 -phenyl-methylene] -6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone-monoethanesulphonate (ΓΝΝ name nintedanib esylate) is depicted below as Formula Al .

Formula Al

This compound is thus for example suitable for the treatment of diseases in which angiogenesis or the proliferation of cells is involved. The use of this compound for the treatment of immunologic diseases or pathological conditions involving an

immunologic component is being described in WO 2004/017948, the use for the treatment of, amongst others, oncological diseases, alone or in combination, is being described in WO 2004/096224 and WO 2009/147218, and the use for the treatment of fibrotic diseases is being described in WO 2006/067165.

A method using biomarkers for monitoring the treatment of an individual with the compound 3-Z-[l-(4-(N-((4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)-l -phenyl-methylene] -6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein it is determined if a sample from said individual comprises a biomarker in an amount that is indicative for said treatment, is disclosed in WO 2010/103058.

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/US20110201812

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a specific indolinone derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, namely 3-Z-[1-(4-(N-((4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)-1-phenyl-methylene]-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone and its monoethanesulfonate, to new manufacturing steps and to new intermediates of this process.

The indolinone derivative 3-Z-[1-(4-(N-((4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)-1-phenyl-methylene]-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone and its monoethanesulfonate are known from the following patent applications: WO 01/027081, WO 04/013099, WO 04/017948, WO 04/096224 and WO 06/067165. These patent applications disclose the compound, a process for its manufacture, a specific salt form of this compound and the use of the compound or its salt in a pharmaceutical composition to treat oncological or non-oncological diseases via inhibition of the proliferation of target cells, alone or in combination with further therapeutic agents. The mechanism of action by which the proliferation of the target cells occurs is essentially a mechanism of inhibition of several tyrosine kinase receptors, and especially an inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR).

Figure US20110201812A1-20110818-C00001

Figure US20110201812A1-20110818-C00003

Figure US20110201812A1-20110818-C00004

EXAMPLE 1Synthesis of the 6-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxindole in accordance with the process shown in synthesis scheme CSynthesis of benzoic acid, 4-chloro-3-nitro-, methylester

- 20 kg of 4-chloro-3-nitro-benzoic acid (99.22 mol) is suspended in 76 L methanol. 5.9 kg thionylchloride (49.62 mol) is added within 15 minutes and refluxed for about 3 hours. After cooling to about 5° C., the product is isolated by centrifugation and drying at 45° C.
- Yield: 19.0 kg (88.8% of theoretical amount)
- Purity (HPLC): 99.8%

Synthesis of propanedioic acid, [4-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-nitrophenyl]-, dimethylester

- 12.87 kg of malonic acid, dimethylester (97.41 mol) is added to a hot solution (75° C.) of 10.73 kg sodium-tert.amylate (97.41 mol) in 35 L 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). A solution of 10 kg benzoic acid, 4-chloro-3-nitro-, methylester (46.38 mol) in 25 L 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone is added at 75° C. After stirring for 1.5 hours at about 75° C. and cooling to 20° C., the mixture is acidified with 100 L diluted hydrochloric acid to pH 1. After stirring for 1.5 hours at about 5° C., the product is isolated by centrifugation and drying at 40° C.
- Yield: 13.78 kg (95.4% of theoretical amount)
- Purity (HPLC): 99.9%
- Alternatively, propanedioic acid, [4-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-nitrophenyl]-, dimethylester can be synthesized as follows:
- 33.1 kg of malonic acid, dimethylester (250.6 mol) and 27.0 kg benzoic acid, 4-chloro-3-nitro-, methylester (125.3 mol) are subsequently added to a solution of 45.1 kg sodium-methylate (250.6 mol) in 172 kg 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) at 20° C. After stirring for 1.5 hours at about 45° C. and cooling to 30° C., the mixture is acidified with 249 L diluted hydrochloric acid. At the same temperature, the mixture is seeded, then cooled to 0° C. and stirred for an additional hour. The resulting crystals are isolated by centrifugation, washed and dryed at 40° C.
- Yield: 37.5 kg (86% of theoretical amount)
- Purity (HPLC): 99.7%

Synthesis of 6-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxindole

A solution of 13 kg propanedioic acid, [4-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-nitrophenyl]-, dimethylester (41.77 mol) in 88 L acetic acid is hydrogenated at 45° C. and under 40-50 psi in the presence of 1.3 kg Pd/C 10%. After standstill of the hydrogenation, the reaction is heated up to 115° C. for 2 hours. The catalyst is filtered off and 180 L water is added at about 50° C. The product is isolated after cooling to 5° C., centrifugation and drying at 50° C.

- Yield: 6.96 kg (87.2% of theoretical amount)
- Purity (HPLC): 99.8%

EXAMPLE 2Synthesis of the “chlorimide” (methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate)

Method 1

6-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxindole (400 g; 2.071 mol) is suspended in toluene (1200 ml) at room temperature. Chloroacetic anhydride (540 g; 3.095 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to reflux for 3 h, then cooled to 80° C. and methyl cyclohexane (600 ml) is added within 30 min. The resulting suspension is further cooled down to room temperature within 60 min. The mother liquor is separated and the solid is washed with ice cold methanol (400 ml). The crystals are dried to afford 515.5 g (93.5%) of the “chlorimide” compound as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.66 (s, 1H, 6-H); 7.86 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H, 8-H); 7.52 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H, 9-H); 4.98 (s, 2H, 15-H₂); 3.95 (s, 3H, 18-H₃); 3.88 (s, 2H, 3-H₂). ¹³C-NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 174.7 (C-2); 36.0 (C-3); 131.0 (C-4); 140.8 (C-5); 115.7 (C-6); 128.9 (C-7); 126.1 (C-8); 124.6 (C-9); 166.6 (C-10); 165.8 (C-13); 46.1 (C-15); 52.3 (C-18). MS: m/z 268 (M+H)⁺. Anal. calcd. for C₁₂H₁₀ClNO₄: C, 53.85; H, 3.77; Cl, 13.25; N, 5.23. Found: C, 52.18; H, 3.64; Cl, 12.89; N, 5.00.

Method 2

6-Methoxycarbonyl-2-oxindole (10 g; 0.052 mol) is suspended in n-butyl acetate (25 ml) at room temperature. To this suspension a solution of chloroacetic anhydride (12.8 g; 0.037 mol) in n-butyl acetate (25 ml) is added within 3 min. The mixture is heated to reflux for 2 h, then cooled to 85° C. and methyl cyclohexane (20 ml) is added. The resulting suspension is further cooled down to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The mother liquor is separated and the solid is washed with methanol (400 ml) at ambient temperature. The crystals are dried to afford 12.7 g (91.5%) of the “chlorimide” compound as a slightly yellow solid.

EXAMPLE 3Synthesis of the “chlorenol” (methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylene]-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate)

Method 1

Methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (12.0 g; 0.045 mol) is suspended in toluene (60 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (16.2 g; 0.157 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to not less than 104° C. and trimethyl orthobenzoate (20.0 g; 0.108 mol) is added within 60 min. During the addition period and subsequent stirring at the same temperature for 3 h, volatile parts of the reaction mixture are distilled off. The concentration of the reaction mixture is kept constant by replacement of the distilled part by toluene (40 ml). The mixture is cooled down to 5° C., stirred for 1 h and filtrated. The solid is subsequently washed with toluene (14 ml) and with a mixture of toluene (8 ml) and ethyl acetate (8 ml). After drying, 16.3 g (91.7%) of the “chlorenol” compound are isolated as slightly yellow crystals. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.73 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H, 6-H); 8.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H, 9-H); 7.90 (dd, J=8.1; 1.5 Hz, 1H, 8-H); 7.61-7.48 (m, 5H, 21-H, 22-H, 23-H, 24-H, 25-H); 4.85 (s, 2H, 18-H₂); 3.89 (s, 3H, 27-H₃); 3.78 (s, 3H, 15-H₃). ¹³C-NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 165.9 (C-2+C16); 103.9 (C-3); 127.4; 128.6; 130.0; 135.4 (C-4+C-5+C-7+C-20); 115.1 (C-6); 126.1 (C-8); 122.5 (C-9); 166.7 (C-10); 173.4 (C-13); 58.4 (C-15); 46.4 (C-18); 128.6 (C-21+C-22+C-24+C-25); 130.5 (C-23); 52.2 (C-27). MS: m/z 386 (M+H)⁺. Anal. calcd. for C₂₀H₁₆ClNO₅: C, 62.27; H, 4.18; Cl, 9.19; N, 3.63. Found: C, 62.21; H, 4.03; Cl, 8.99; N, 3.52.

Method 2

Methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (12.0 g; 0.045 mol) is suspended in xylene (60 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (16.2 g; 0.157 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to reflux, trimethyl orthobenzoate (20.0 g; 0.108 mol) is added within 40 min and heating is maintained for 4 h. The mixture is cooled down to 0° C. and the mother liquor is separated. The solid is subsequently washed with xylene (14 ml) and a mixture of xylene (8 ml) and ethyl acetate (8 ml). After drying 14.3 g (81.0%) of the “chlorenol” compound are isolated as yellow crystals.

Method 3

EXAMPLE 4Synthesis of the “enolindole” (methyl-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylene]-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate)

Method 1

A solution of potassium hydroxide (0.41 g, 0.006 mol) in methanol (4 ml) is added at 63° C. to a suspension of methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylene]-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (8.0 g; 0.020 mol) in methanol (32 ml). The mixture is then stirred for 30 min, cooled to 0° C. and stirring is maintained for 2 h. After filtration, the solid is washed with methanol (24 ml) and dried to afford 6.0 g (94.6%) of the “enolindole” compound as yellow crystals. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 8.08 (s, 1H, 1-H); 7.88 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H, 9-H); 7.75 (m, 1H, 8-H); 7.52-7.56 (m, 3H, 18-H, 19-H, 20-H); 7.40-7.45 (m, 3H, 6-H, 17-H, 21-H); 3.92 (s, 3H, 23-H₃); 3.74 (s, 3H, 13-H₃). ¹³C-NMR (126 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 168.8 (C-2); 107.4 (C-3); 130.8 (C-4); 138.2 (C-5); 109.4 (C-6); 128.2 and 128.3 (C-7, C-16); 123.5 (C-8); 123.1 (C-9); 170.1 (C-11); 57.6 (C-13); 167.2 (C-14); 128.7 and 128.9 (C-17, C-18, C-20, C-21); 130.5 (C-19); 52.1 (C-23). MS (m/z): 310 (M+H)⁺. Anal. calcd. for C₁₈H₁₅NO₄: C, 69.89; H, 4.89; N, 4.53. Found: C, 69.34; H, 4.92; N, 4.56.

Method 2

A suspension of methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylene]-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (7.0 g; 0.018 mol) in methanol (28 ml) is heated to reflux. Within 3 min, a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (0.24 g, 30 (w/w), 0.001 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is then stirred for 30 min, cooled to 5° C. and stirring is maintained for 2 h. After filtration, the solid is washed with methanol (9 ml) and dried to afford 5.4 g (89.7%) of the “enolindole” compound as yellow crystals.

Method 3

A suspension of methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylene]-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (8.0 g; 0.021 mol) in methanol (32 ml) is heated to reflux. A solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (0.74 g, 30% (w/w), 0.004 mol), further diluted with methanol (4 ml), is added dropwise to this suspension. The mixture is then stirred for 90 min, cooled to 0° C. and stirring is maintained for 2 h. After filtration, the solid is washed with methanol (24 ml) and dried to afford 5.9 g (91.2%) of the “enolindole” compound as yellow crystals.

EXAMPLE 5Synthesis of the “chloroacetyl” (N-(4-nitroanilino)-N-methyl-2-chloro-acetamide)

Method 1

A suspension of N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (140 g; 0.920 mol) in ethyl acetate (400 ml) is heated to 70° C. Within 90 min, chloro acetylchloride (114 g; 1.009 mol) is added to this suspension. The resulting solution is then refluxed for 1 h, cooled to 60° C. and methyl cyclohexane (245 ml) is added. The suspension is further cooled down to 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture is filtrated, washed with methyl cyclohexane (285 ml) and the precipitate is dried to afford 210.4 g (92.7%) of the “chloroacetyl” compound as white crystals. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 8.29 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H, 1-H+3-H); 7.69 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H, 4-H+6-H); 4.35 (s, 2H, 9-H₂); 3.33 (s, 3H, 12-H₃). ¹³C-NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 124.6 (C-1+C-3); 145.6 (C-2); 127.4 (C-4+C-6); 148.6 (C-5); 165.6 (C-8); 42.7 (C-9); 37.2 (C-12). MS (m/z): 229 (M+H)⁺. Anal. calcd. for C₉H₉ClN₂O₃: C, 47.28; H, 3.97; N, 12.25. Found: C, 47.26; H, 3.99; Cl, 15.73; N, 12.29.

Method 2

A suspension of N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (20.0 g; 0.131 mol) in ethyl acetate (20 ml) is heated to 60° C. Within 15 min, a solution of chloro acetic anhydride (26.0 g; 0.151 mol) in ethyl acetate (60 ml) is added to this suspension. The resulting solution is then refluxed for 1 h, cooled to 75° C. ° C. and methyl cyclohexane (80 ml) is added. After seeding at 60° C., the suspension is further cooled down to 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture is filtrated, washed with methyl cyclohexane (40 ml) and the precipitate is dried to afford 25.9 g (83.3%) of the “chloroacetyl” compound as grey crystals.

EXAMPLE 6Synthesis of the “nitroaniline” (N-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamide) and of the “aniline” (N-(4-aminophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamide)

Method 1

A suspension of N-(4-nitroanilino)-N-methyl-2-chloro-acetamide (20.0 g; 0.087 mol) in toluene (110 ml) is heated to 40° C. Within 30 min, 1-methylpiperazine (21.9 g; 0.216 mol) is added dropwise. After purging of the dropping funnel with toluene (5 ml) the reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h at 55° C., cooled to ambient temperature and washed with water (15 ml). The organic layer is diluted with isopropanol (100 ml) and Pd/C (10%; 1.0 g) is added. After subsequent hydrogenation (H₂, 4 bar) at 20° C. the catalyst is removed. Approximately ⅘ of the volume of the resulting solution is evaporated at 50° C. The remaining residue is dissolved in ethyl acetate (20 ml) and toluene (147 ml) heated to 80° C., then cooled to 55° C. and seeded. The reaction mixture is further cooled to 0° C. and stirred for 3 h at the same temperature. After filtration, the solid is washed with ice cold toluene (40 ml) and dried to afford 20.2 g (88.0%) of the “aniline” compound as white crystals. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 6.90 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H, 4-H+6-H); 6.65 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H, 1-H+3-H); 5.22 (2H, 19-H₂); 3.04 (s, 3H, 9-H₃); 2.79 (s, 2H, 11-H₂); 2.32 (m, 4H, 13-H₂+17-H₂); 2.23 (m, 4H, 14-H₂+16-H₂); 2.10 (s, 3H, 18-H₃). ¹³C-NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 114.0 (C-1+C-3); 148.0 (C-2); 127.6 (C-4+C-6); 131.5 (C-5); 168.9 (C-8); 36.9 (C-9); 58.5 (C-11); 52.4 (C-13+C-17); 54.6 (C-14+C-16); 45.7 (C-18). MS (m/z): 263 (M+H)⁺. Anal. calcd. for C₁₄H₂₂N₄O: C, 64.09; H, 8.45; N, 21.36. Found: C, 64.05; H, 8.43; N, 21.39.

Method 2

A suspension of N-(4-nitroanilino)-N-methyl-2-chloro-acetamide (14.5 g; 0.063 mol) in ethyl acetate (65 ml) is heated to 40° C. Within 30 min, 1-methylpiperazine (15.8 g; 0.156 mol) is added dropwise. After purging of the dropping funnel with ethyl acetate (7 ml) the reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 90 min, cooled to ambient temperature and washed with water (7 ml). The organic layer is diluted with isopropanol (75 ml) and dried over sodium sulphate. After separation of the solid, Pd/C (10%; 2.0 g) is added and the solution is hydrogenated (H₂, 5 bar) at ambient temperature without cooling. Subsequently the catalyst is removed by filtration and the solvent is evaporated at 60° C. The remaining residue is dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 ml) and recrystallized. After filtration and drying 10.4 g (60.4%) of the “aniline” compound are isolated as white crystals.

EXAMPLE 7Synthesis of the “anilino” (3-Z-[1-(4-(N-((4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)-1-phenyl-methylene]-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone)

Method 1

A suspension of methyl-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylene]-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (10.0 g; 0.032 mol) and N-(4-aminophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamide (8.6 g; 0.032 mol) in a mixture of methanol (72 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (18 ml) is heated to reflux. After 7 h of refluxing the suspension is cooled down to 0° C. and stirring is maintained for additional 2 h. The solid is filtered, washed with methanol (40 ml) and dried to afford 15.4 g (88.1%) of the “anilino” compound as yellow crystals. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 11.00 (s, 1H, 23-H); 12.23 (s, 19-H); 7.61 (t; J=7.1 Hz, 1H, 33-H); 7.57 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H, 32-H+34-H); 7.50 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H, 31-H+35-H); 7.43 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H, 29-H); 7.20 (dd, J=8.3; 1.6 Hz, 1H, 27-H); 7.13 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H, 14-H+18-H); 6.89 (d, 8.3 Hz, 2H, 15-H+17-H); 5.84 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H, 26-H); 3.77 (s, 3H, 40-H₃); 3.06 (m, 3H, 12-H₃); 2.70 (m, 2 H, 8-H₂); 2.19 (m, 8H, 2-H₂, 3-H₂, 5-H₂, 6-H₂); 2.11 (s, 3H, 7-H₃). ¹³C-NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 54.5 (C-2+C-6); 52.2 (C-3+C-5); 45.6 (C-7); 59.1 (C-8); 168.5 (C-9); 36.6 (C-12); 140.1 (C-13); 127.6 (C-14+C-18); 123.8 (C-17+C-15); 137.0 (C-16); 158.3 (C-20); 97.5 (C-21); 170.1 (C-22); 136.2 (C-24); 128.9 (C-25); 117.2 (C-26); 121.4 (C-27); 124.0 (C-28); 109.4 (C-29); 131.9 (C-30); 128.4 (C-31+C-35); 129.4 (C-32+C-34); 130.4 (C-33); 166.3 (C-37); 51.7 (C-40). MS (m/z): 540 (M+H)⁺. Anal. calcd. for C₃₁H₃₃N₅O₄: C, 69.00; H, 6.16; N, 12.98. Found: C, 68.05; H, 6.21; N, 12.81.

Method 2

A suspension of methyl-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylene]-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (20.0 g; 0.064 mol) and N-(4-aminophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamide (17.1 g; 0.065 mol) in methanol (180 ml) is heated to reflux for 7.5 h. The resulting suspension is cooled down to 10° C. within 1 h and stirring is maintained for 1 h. After filtration, the solid is washed with ice cold methanol (80 ml) and dried to afford 31.0 g (89.0%) of the “anilino” compound as yellow crystals.

EXAMPLE 8Synthesis of the 3-Z-[1-(4-(N-((4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)-1-phenyl-methylene]-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone, monoethanesulfonate

A suspension of 3-Z-[1-(4-(N-((4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)-1-phenyl-methylene]-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone (30.0 g; 0.055 mol) in methanol (200 ml) and water (2.4 ml) is heated to 60° C. Aqueous ethanesulfonic acid (70% (w/w); 8.75 g; 0.056 mol) is added to the reaction mixture. The resulting solution is cooled to 50° C., seeded and then diluted with isopropanol (200 ml). The mixture is further cooled to 0° C. and stirred for 2 h at this temperature. The precipitate is isolated, washed with isopropanol (120 ml) and dried to furnish 35.1 g (97.3%) of the monoethanesulfonate salt of the compound as yellow crystals. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 12.26 (s, 11-H); 10.79 (s, 1H, 1-H); 9.44 (s, 1H, 24-H); 7.64 (m, 1H, 32-H); 7.59 (m, 2H, 31-H+33-H); 7.52 (m, 2H, 30-H+34-H); 7.45 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H, 7-H); 7.20 (dd, J=8.2; 1.6 Hz, 1H, 5-H); 7.16 (m, 2H, 14-H+16-H); 6.90 (m, 2H, 13-H+17-H); 5.85 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H, 4-H); 3.78 (s, 3H, 37-H₃); 3.45-2.80 (broad m, 4H, 23-H₂+25-H₂); 3.08 (s, 3H, 28-H₃); 2.88 (s, 2H, 20-H₂); 2.85-2.30 (broad m, 4H, 22-H₂+26-H₂); 2.75 (s, 3H, 27-H₃); 2.44 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H, 39-H₂); 1.09 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H, 38-H₃). ¹³C-NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.8 (C-38); 36.6 (C-28); 42.3 (C-27); 45.1 (C-39); 51.7 (C-37); 48.9 (C-22+C-26); 52.6 (C-23+C-25); 57.5 (C-20); 97.7 (C-3); 109.5 (C-7); 117.3 (C-4); 121.4 (C-5); 123.8 (C-13+C-17); 124.1 (C-6); 127.7 (C-14+C-16); 128.4 (C-30+C-34); 128.8 (C-9); 129.5 (C-31+C-33); 130.5 (C-32); 132.0 (C-29); 168.5 (C-9); 136.3 (C-8); 137.3 (C-12); 139.5 (C-15); 158.1 (C-10); 166.3 (C-35); 168.0 (C-19); 170.1 (C-2). MS (m/z): 540 (M_(base)+H)⁺. Anal. calcd. for C₃₃H₃₉N₅O₇S: C, 60.17; H, 6.12; N, 10.63; S, 4.87. Found: C, 60.40; H, 6.15; N, 10.70; S, 4.84.

CLIPS

After a classical malonic ester addition to arene 3, the resulting nitro benzene (4) is hydrogenated under acidic conditions, furnishing the 6-methoxycarbonyl-substituted oxindole 5 via decarboxylative cyclization. Condensation of 5 with trimethyl orthobenzoate in acetic anhydride leads to compound 6, one of the two key building blocks of the synthesis. The concomitant N-acetylation of the oxindole activates the scaffold for the condensation reaction.

The aniline side chain (9) can be prepared by a one-pot bromo-acetylation/amination of the para-nitro-phenylamine (7) using bromoacetyl bromide and N-methylpiperazine and a subsequent hydrogenation furnishing 9 as the second key building block. Condensation of both building blocks in an addition–elimination sequence and subsequent acetyl removal with piperidine furnishes 2 as free base (pK_a = 7.9), which subsequently is converted into its monoethanesulfonate salt (1). Compound 1 is highly crystalline (mp = 305 °C) and exhibits a log P of 3.0 and good aqueous solubility (>20 mg/mL in water).

CLIPS

see

http://www.yaopha.com/2014/07/09/synthesis-of-vargatef-nintedanib-boehringer-ingelheim-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis-drug/

NINTEDANIB SINA

CLICK ON PIC

Updates………..

“J.Med.Chem” 2009 Vol. 52, page 4466-4480 and the “Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals” 2012, Vol. 43, No. 9, page 726-729 reported a further intermediate A and B synthesis, and optimized from the reaction conditions, the reaction sequence, the feed ratio and catalyst selection, etc., so that the above-described synthetic routes can be simplified and reasonable.

PATENT

CN105461609A

NINTE PIC

MACHINE TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

Synthesis of Trinidad Neeb (I),

A 500ml reaction flask was charged 30g of compound V, 22.5g compound of the VI, ethanol 300ml, sodium bicarbonate and 15g, the reaction was heated to reflux for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was added to 600ml of water, there are large amount of solid precipitated, was filtered, the cake washed with 100ml washed once with methanol, a yellow solid 41.9g refined Trinidad Neeb (I). Yield 92.7%.

4 bandit R (400MHz, dmso) δ11 · 97 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J = 11.9, 5.0Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.1Hz, 1H), 7.16 (ddd, J = 26.9, 22.1, 7.0Hz, 5H), 6.85 (d, J = 8.6Hz, 2H), 6.63 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 2H), 2.51-2.24 (m, 8H), 2.20 (s, 3H) MS:. m / z540 (m + 1) + 2 Example: Preparation of compound IV 250ml reaction flask was added 28.7g of 2- oxindole-6-carboxylate, 130ml ethanol, stirred open, then added 30.3ml (31.8g) benzaldehyde, 2.97 mL piperidine was heated to 70 ° C-80 after ° C for 2 hours, allowed to cool to 20 ° C- 30 ° C, the precipitate was filtered, the filter cake was washed with absolute ethanol, 50 ° C 5 hours and dried in vacuo give a yellow solid 38.7g (IV of), yield: 92.4% Preparation of compound V square in 500ml reaction flask was added 30g compound IV, dichloromethane 360ml, cooled with ice water to 0-5 ° C, 71/92 bromine 3.lml (9.7g), drop finished warmed to 20- 30 ° C, 3 hours after the reaction, the reaction solution was washed once with 150ml dichloromethane layer was concentrated oil was done by adding 200ml ethanol crystallization, filtration, 60 ° C and dried under vacuum 36.lg white solid (V ), yield: 93 · 8%.

After Trinidad Technip (I) are synthesized in the reaction flask was added 500ml of 30g compound V, 33.0g compound of the VI, ethanol 300ml, sodium bicarbonate, 15g, was heated to reflux for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was added to 600ml water, there are large amount of solid precipitated, was filtered, the filter cake washed once with 100ml methanol obtained 42.3g of yellow solid was purified by Technip Trinidad (I). Yield 93.6%.

ΧΗNMR (400MHz, dmso) δ11.94 (s, 1Η), 8.36 (s, 1H), 7.96 (dd, J = 11.9, 5.0Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.1Hz, 1H) , 7.16 (ddd, J = 26.9, 22.1, 7.0Hz, 5H), 6.85 (d, J = 8.6Hz, 2H), 6.61 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 2.99 ( s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 2H), 2.50-2.30 (m, 8H), 2.20 (s, 3H) MS:. m / z540 (m + 1) + square

PATENT

WO2016037514

(I) 2.30g, yield 85.3%. Melting point 241 ~ 243 ℃, Mass spectrum (the EI): m / Z 540 (the M + the H), ¹ the H NMR (of DMSO D _{. 6} ): 2.27 (S, 3H), 2.43 (m, 8H), 2.78 (S, 2H) , 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 5.97 (d, J = 8.3Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.6Hz, 2H) , 7.32-7.62 (m, 8H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 12.15 (s, 1H).

CLIPS

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/ay/c5ay01207d#!divAbstract

Nintedanib
Systematic (IUPAC) name
Nintedanib
Methyl (3Z)-3-{[(4-{methyl[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino}phenyl)amino](phenyl)methylidene}-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxylate
Clinical data
Trade names	Vargatef, Ofev
AHFS/Drugs.com	Consumer Drug Information
Pregnancy cat.	US: D
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Routes	Oral and intravenous
Identifiers
CAS number	656247-17-5
ATC code	None



Chemical data
Formula	C₃₁H₃₃N₅O₄
Mol. mass	539.6248 g/mol

References

Hilberg, F.; G. J. Roth, M. Krssak, S. Kautschitsch, W. Sommergruber, U. Tontsch-Grunt, P. Garin-Chesa, G. Bader, A. Zoephel, J. Quant, A. Heckel, W. J. Rettig (2008). “BIBF 1120: triple angiokinase inhibitor with sustained receptor blockade and good antitumor efficacy”. Cancer Res 68 (12): 4774–82. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6307. ISSN 1538-7445. PMID 18559524.
Hilberg, F.; U. Tontsch-Grunt, F. Colbatzky, A. Heckel, R. Lotz, J.C.A. van Meel, G.J. Roth (2004). “BIBF1120 a novel, small molecule triple angiokinase inhibitor: profiling as a clinical candidate for cancer therapy”. European Journal of Cancer Supplements 2 (50).
Reck, M.; R. Kaiser; C. Eschbach; M. Stefanic; J. Love; U. Gatzemeier; P. Stopfer; J. von Pawel (2011). “A phase II double-blind study to investigate efficacy and safety of two doses of the triple angiokinase inhibitor BIBF 1120 in patients with relapsed advanced non-small-cell lung cancer”. Ann Oncol. ISSN 1569-8041.
Okamoto, I.; H. Kaneda, T. Satoh, W. Okamoto, M. Miyazaki, R. Morinaga, S. Ueda, M. Terashima, A. Tsuya, A. Sarashina, K. Konishi, T. Arao, K. Nishio, R. Kaiser, K. Nakagawa (2010). “Phase I safety, pharmacokinetic, and biomarker study of BIBF 1120, an oral triple tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced solid tumors”. Mol Cancer Ther 9 (10): 2825–33. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0379. ISSN 1538-8514. PMID 20688946.
Mross, K.; M. Stefanic, D. Gmehling, A. Frost, F. Baas, C. Unger, R. Strecker, J. Henning, B. Gaschler-Markefski, P. Stopfer, L. de Rossi, R. Kaiser (2010). “Phase I study of the angiogenesis inhibitor BIBF 1120 in patients with advanced solid tumors”. Clin Cancer Res 16 (1): 311–9. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0694. ISSN 1078-0432. PMID 20028771.
Ledermann, J.A. (2009). “A randomised phase II placebo-controlled trial using maintenance therapy to evaluate the vascular targeting agent BIBF 1120 following treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer (OC)”. J Clin Oncol 27 (15s): (suppl; abstr 5501).
Kropff, M.; J. Kienast; G. Bisping; W. E. Berdel; B. Gaschler-Markefski; P. Stopfer; M. Stefanic; G. Munzert (2009). “An open-label dose-escalation study of BIBF 1120 in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma”. Anticancer Res 29 (10): 4233–8. ISSN 1791-7530. PMID 19846979.
Ellis, P. M.; R. Kaiser; Y. Zhao; P. Stopfer; S. Gyorffy; N. Hanna (2010). “Phase I open-label study of continuous treatment with BIBF 1120, a triple angiokinase inhibitor, and pemetrexed in pretreated non-small cell lung cancer patients”. Clin Cancer Res 16 (10): 2881–9. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2944. ISSN 1078-0432. PMID 20460487.
du Bois, A.; J. Huober; P. Stopfer; J. Pfisterer; P. Wimberger; S. Loibl; V. L. Reichardt; P. Harter (2010). “A phase I open-label dose-escalation study of oral BIBF 1120 combined with standard paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced gynecological malignancies”. Ann Oncol 21 (2): 370–5. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdp506. ISSN 1569-8041. PMID 19889612.
Xiang, Q. F.; F. Wang; X. D. Su; Y. J. Liang; L. S. Zheng; Y. J. Mi; W. Q. Chen; L. W. Fu (2011). “Effect of BIBF 1120 on reversal of ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance”. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 34 (1): 33–44. doi:10.1007/s13402-010-0003-7. ISSN 2211-3436.
“Boehringer Ingelheim – AGO-OVAR 12 / LUME-Ovar 1 Trial Information”. 2011.
“Boehringer Ingelheim – LUME-Lung 2 Trial Information”. 2011.
“Boehringer Ingelheim – LUME-Lung 1 Trial Information”. 2011.
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=++%09+BIBF+1120&phase=1
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00805194 Phase III LUME-Lung 1: BIBF 1120 Plus Docetaxel as Compared to Placebo Plus Docetaxel in 2nd Line Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01015118 Phase III BIBF 1120 or Placebo in Combination With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in First Line Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01335477 Safety and Efficacy of BIBF 1120 at High Dose in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients II
“FDA approves Ofev to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis”. 2014.
F. Hilberg et al. Cancer Res. 2008, 68, 4774

2. M. Reck et al. Ann. Oncol. 2011, 22, 1374

3. M. Reck et al. J. Clin. Oncol. 2013 (suppl.), Abst LBA8011

4. N. H. Hanna et al. J. Clin. Oncol. 2013, 2013 (suppl.), Abst 8034

5. J.A. Ledermann et al. J. Clin Oncol. 2011, 29, 3798

6. Glioblastoma: A. Muhac et al. J. Neurooncol. 2013, 111, 205

7. O. Bouche et al. Anticancer Res. 2011, 31, 2271

8. T. Eisen et al. J. Clin. Oncol. 2013 (suppl.), Abst. 4506

MORE…………….

Reference：

[6]. Japan PMDA.

[7]. Drug@FDA, NDA205832 Pharmacology Review(s).

[8]. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 1053-1063.

[9]. Drug@EMA, EMEA/H/C/002569 Vargatef: EPAR-Assessment Report.

[10]. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 2015, 9, 6407-6419.

[11]. Cancer Res. 2008, 68, 4774-4782.

[12]. J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 4466-4480.

[13]. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2014, 349, 209-220.

[14]. Clin. Cancer. Res. 2015, 21, 4856-4867.

Merten, J.; et. al. Process for the manufacture of an indolinone derivative. US20110201812A1
2. Roth, G. J.; et. al. 3-z-[1-(4-(n-((4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-n-methyl-amino)-anilino)-1-phenyl-methylene]-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone-monoethanesulphonate and the use thereof as a pharmaceutical composition. WO2004013099A1
3. Roth, G. J.; et. al. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Indolinones as Triple Angiokinase Inhibitors and the Discovery of a Highly Specific 6-Methoxycarbonyl-Substituted Indolinone (BIBF 1120). J Med Chem, 2009, 52(14), 4466-4480.

ニンテダニブエタンスルホン酸塩
Nintedanib Ethanesulfonate

C31H33N5O4.C2H6O3S : 649.76
[656247-18-6]

US7119093 *	Jul 21, 2003	Oct 10, 2006	Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg	3-Z-[1-(4-(N-((4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylcarbonyl)-N-methyl-amino)-anilino)-1-phenyl-methylene]-6-methoxycarbonyl-2-indolinone-monoethanesulphonate and the use thereof as a pharmaceutical composition

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Mirati Therapeutics Receives Orphan Designation from U.S. FDA for Mocetinostat in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

August 12, 2014 3:48 am / Leave a comment

Mocetinostat

CAS 726169-73-9;

MGCD0103; MGCD-0103; MGCD 0103;

N-(2-AMINOPHENYL)-4-([[4-(PYRIDIN-3-YL)PYRIMIDIN-2-YL]AMINO]METHYL)BENZAMIDE

N-(2-Amino-phenyl)-4-[(4-pyridin-3-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzamide

Molecular Formula: C₂₃H₂₀N₆O

Molecular Weight: 396.4445

SAN DIEGO, Aug. 11, 2014 /PRNewswire/ — Mirati Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: MRTX) today announced that the U.S. FDA has granted Orphan Drug Designation to mocetinostat, a spectrum selective HDAC inhibitor, for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In June, mocetinostat was granted Orphan Drug Designation as a treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Orphan drug designation is also being sought for bladder cancer patients with specific genetic alterations.

http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mirati-therapeutics-receives-orphan-designation-from-us-food–drug-administration-for-mocetinostat-in-diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma-270737161.html

Identifiers
IUPAC name N-(2-Aminophenyl)-4-[[(4-pyridin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]methyl] benzamide
CAS number	726169-73-9
PubChem	9865515
ChemSpider	8041206
ChEMBL	CHEMBL272980
Jmol-3D images	Image 1


Properties
Molecular formula	C₂₃H₂₀N₆O
Molar mass	396.44 g mol⁻¹

Chemical structure for Mocetinostat

Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) is a benzamide histone deacetylase inhibitor undergoing clinical trials for treatment of various cancers including follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and acute myelogenous leukemia.^[1]^[2]^[3]

One clinical trial (for refractory follicular lymphoma) was temporarily put on hold due to cardiac problems but resumed recruiting in 2009.^[4]

In 2010 favourable results were announced from the phase II trial for Hodgkin’s lymphoma.^[5]

MGCD0103 has also been used as a research reagent where blockage of members of the HDAC-family of histone deacetylases is required.^[6]

Mechanism of action

It works by inhibiting mainly histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), but also HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC11.^[7]

About Mocetinostat

Mocetinostat is an orally-bioavailable, spectrum-selective HDAC inhibitor. Mocetinostat is enrolling patients in a Phase 2 dose confirmation study in combination with Vidaza as treatment for intermediate and high-risk MDS. Mirati also plans to initiate Phase 2 studies of mocetinostat as a single agent in patients with mutations in histone acetyl transferases in bladder cancer and DLBCL. Initial data from the Phase 2 studies is expected by the end of 2014. In addition to the ongoing Phase 2 clinical trials, mocetinostat has completed 13 clinical trials in more than 400 patients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.

About Mirati Therapeutics

Mirati Therapeutics is a targeted oncology company developing an advanced pipeline of breakthrough medicines for precisely defined patient populations. Mirati’s approach combines the three most important factors in oncology drug development – drug candidates with complementary and compelling targets, creative and agile clinical development, and a highly accomplished precision medicine leadership team. The Mirati team is using a proven blueprint for developing targeted oncology medicines to advance and maximize the value of its pipeline of drug candidates, including MGCD265 and MGCD516, which are orally bioavailable, multi-targeted kinase inhibitors with distinct target profiles, and mocetinostat, an orally bioavailable, spectrum-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor. More information is available at www.mirati.com.

In eukaryotic cells, nuclear DNA associates with histones to form a compact complex called chromatin. The histones constitute a family of basic proteins which are generally highly conserved across eukaryotic species. The core histones, termed H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, associate to form a protein core. DNA winds around this protein core, with the basic amino acids of the histones interacting with the negatively charged phosphate groups of the DNA. Approximately 146 base pairs of DNA wrap around a histone core to make up a nucleosome particle, the repeating structural motif of chromatin.

Csordas, Biochem. J., 286: 23-38 (1990) teaches that histones are subject to posttranslational acetylation of the α,ε-amino groups of N-terminal lysine residues, a reaction that is catalyzed by histone acetyl transferase (HAT1). Acetylation neutralizes the positive charge of the lysine side chain, and is thought to impact chromatin structure. Indeed, Taunton et al., Science, 272: 408-411 (1996), teaches that access of transcription factors to chromatin templates is enhanced by histone hyperacetylation. Taunton et al. further teaches that an enrichment in underacetylated histone H4 has been found in transcriptionally silent regions of the genome.

Histone acetylation is a reversible modification, with deacetylation being catalyzed by a family of enzymes termed histone deacetylases (HDACs). Grozinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96: 4868-4873 (1999), teaches that HDACs are divided into two classes, the first represented by yeast Rpd3-like proteins, and the second represented by yeast Hda1-like proteins. Grozinger et al. also teaches that the human HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 proteins are members of the first class of HDACs, and discloses new proteins, named HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC6, which are members of the second class of HDACs. Kao et al., Genes & Dev., 14: 55-66 (2000), discloses HDAC7, a new member of the second class of HDACs. More recently, Hu et al. J. Bio. Chem. 275:15254-13264 (2000) and Van den Wyngaert, FEBS, 478: 77-83 (2000) disclose HDAC8, a new member of the first class of HDACs.

Richon et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95: 3003-3007 (1998), discloses that HDAC activity is inhibited by trichostatin A (TSA), a natural product isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and by a synthetic compound, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Yoshida and Beppu, Exper. Cell Res., 177: 122-131 (1988), teaches that TSA causes arrest of rat fibroblasts at the G₁and G₂phases of the cell cycle, implicating HDAC in cell cycle regulation. Indeed, Finnin et al., Nature, 401: 188-193 (1999), teaches that TSA and SAHA inhibit cell growth, induce terminal differentiation, and prevent the formation of tumors in mice. Suzuki et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,174,905, EP 0847992, JP 258863/96, and Japanese Application No. 10138957, disclose benzamide derivatives that induce cell differentiation and inhibit HDAC. Delorme et al., WO 01/38322 and PCT/IB01/00683, disclose additional compounds that serve as HDAC inhibitors.

The molecular cloning of gene sequences encoding proteins with HDAC activity has established the existence of a set of discrete HDAC enzyme isoforms. Some isoforms have been shown to possess specific functions, for example, it has been shown that HDAC-6 is involved in modulation of microtubule activity. However, the role of the other individual HDAC enzymes has remained unclear.

These findings suggest that inhibition of HDAC activity represents a novel approach for intervening in cell cycle regulation and that HDAC inhibitors have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of cell proliferative diseases or conditions. To date, few inhibitors of histone deacetylase are known in the art.

………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2011112623A1?cl=en

Mocetinostat (MGCD-0103)

N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[(4-pyridin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]methyl^^

…………………………

http://www.google.co.in/patents/US6897220

Example 426 Synthesis of N-(2-Amino-phenyl)-4-[(4-pyridin-3-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzamide

Step 1: Synthesis of 4-Guanidinomethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester Intermediate 1

The mixture of 4-Aminomethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester HCl (15.7 g, 77.8 mmol) in DMF (85.6 mL) and DIPEA (29.5 mL, 171.2 mmol) was stirred at rt for 10 min. Pyrazole-1-carboxamidine HCl (12.55 g, 85.6 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and then stirred at rt for 4 h to give clear solution. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness under vacuum. Saturated NaHCO₃solution (35 mL) was added to give nice suspension. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with cold water. The mother liquid was evaporated to dryness and then filtered. The two solids were combined and re-suspended over distilled H₂O (50 ml). The filter cake was then washed with minimum quantities of cold H₂O and ether to give 12.32 g white crystalline solid intermediate 1 (77% yield, M+1: 208 on MS).

Step 2: Synthesis of 3-Dimethylamino-1-pyridin-3-yl-propenone Intermediate 2

3-Acetyl-pyridine (30.0 g, 247.6 mmol) and DMF dimethyl acetal (65.8 mL, 495.2 mmol) were mixed together and then heated to reflux for 4 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and then 50 mL diethyl ether was added to give brown suspension. The suspension was filtered to give 36.97 g orange color crystalline product (85% yield, M+1: 177 on MS).

Step 3: Synthesis of 4-[(4Pyridin-3-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]benzoic acid methyl ester Intermediate 3

Intermediate 1 (0.394 g, 1.9 mmol) and intermediate 2 (0.402 g, 2.3 mmol) and molecular sieves (0.2 g, 4A, powder, >5 micron) were mixed with isopropyl alcohol (3.8 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 5 h. MeOH (50 mL) was added and then heated to reflux. The cloudy solution was filtrated over a pad of celite. The mother liquid was evaporated to dryness and the residue was triturated with 3 mL EtOAc. The suspension was filtrated to give 0.317 g white crystalline solid Intermediate 3 (52%, M+1: 321 on MS).

Step 4: Synthesis of N-(2-Amino-phenyl)-4-[(4-pyrymidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzamide

Intermediate 3 (3.68 g, 11.5 mmol) was mixed with THF (23 mL), MeOH (23 mL) and H₂O (11.5 mL) at rt. LiOH (1.06 g, 25.3 mmol) was added to reaction mixture. The resulting reaction mixture was warmed up to 40° C. overnight. HCl solution (12.8 mL, 2N) was added to adjust pH=3 when the mixture was cooled down to rt. The mixture was evaporated to dryness and then the solid was washed with minimum quantity of H₂O upon filtration. The filter cake was dried over freeze dryer to give 3.44 g acid of the title compound (95%, M+1: 307 on MS).

Acid (3.39 g, 11.1 mmol) of the title compound, BOP (5.679 g, 12.84 mmol) and o-Ph(NH₂)₂(2.314 g, 21.4 mmol) were dissolved in the mixture of DMF (107 mL) and Et₃N (2.98 mL, 21.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 5 h and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash column (pure EtOAc to 5% MeOH/EtOAc) and then interested fractions were concentrated. The final product was triturated with EtOAc to give 2.80 g of title product

(66%, MS+1: 397 on MS).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D₆) δ (ppm): 9.57 (s, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 2H), 8.00 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.25 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=7.0, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (dd, J=7.0, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 4.64 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 2H).

References

“Pharmion Corporation (PHRM) Release: Clinical Data On Oncology HDAC Inhibitor MGCD0103, Presented At The American Society of Clinical Oncology 42nd Annual Meeting” (Press release). Colorado, United States: BioSpace. June 6, 2006.
Gelmon, K.; Tolcher, A.; Carducci, M.; Reid, G. K.; Li, Z.; Kalita, A.; Callejas, V.; Longstreth, J. et al. (2005). “Phase I trials of the oral histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MGCD0103 given either daily or 3x weekly for 14 days every 3 weeks in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors”. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005 ASCO Annual Meeting. 23 (16S). 3147.
MethylGene to Resume Development of its HDAC Inhibitor, MGCD0103 (Mocetinostat), Sept 2009
“METHYLGENE TO RESUME DEVELOPMENT OF ITS HDAC INHIBITOR, MGCD0103 (MOCETINOSTAT)”. 21 Sep 2009.
“Final Phase 2 Clinical Data for Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients”. 6 Dec 2010.
Pfefferli, Catherine; Müller, Fritz; Ja¿wi¿ska, Anna; Wicky, Chantal (2014). “Specific NuRD components are required for fin regeneration in zebrafish”. BMC Biol. 12 (30). doi:10.1186/1741-7007-12-30. PMID 24779377.
MGCD0103, a novel isotype-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, has broad spectrum antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo

US2009076021	3-20-2009	THERAPEUTIC COMBINATIONS AND METHODS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR IMPROVEMENT AND TREATING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
US2008242648	10-3-2008	COMBINATION OF ERa+ LIGANDS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
US2007292351	12-21-2007	Assay for efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitors
US6897220	5-25-2005	Inhibitors of histone deacetylase

US8110550	2-8-2012	HDAC INHIBITORS AND HORMONE TARGETED DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
US2011129456	6-3-2011	Sequential Administration of Chemotherapeutic Agents for Treatment of Cancer
US2011104256	5-6-2011	METHODS FOR TREATING OR PREVENTING COLORECTAL CANCER
US7868204	1-12-2011	Inhibitors of histone deacetylase
US7868205	1-12-2011	Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylase
US7838520	11-24-2010	Inhibitors of histone deacetylase
US2010056522	3-5-2010	INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE-LOWERING AGENT COMPRISING COMPOUND HAVING HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR EFFECT AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT
US2009149511	6-12-2009	Administration of an Inhibitor of HDAC and an mTOR Inhibitor
US2009131367	5-22-2009	Combinations of HDAC Inhibitors and Proteasome Inhibitors
US2009124631	5-15-2009	Combination Therapy

SEE COMPILATION ON SIMILAR COMPOUNDS AT …………..http://drugsynthesisint.blogspot.in/p/nostat-series.html

Sage Therapeutics receives fast track designation for status epilepticus therapy

July 24, 2014 7:34 am / 1 Comment on Sage Therapeutics receives fast track designation for status epilepticus therapy

SAGE-547

ALLOPREGNANOLONE

Sage Therapeutics (Originator)

Sage Therapeutics

For Epilepsy, status epilepticus

SGE-102; SAGE-547; allopregnanolone; allosteric GABA A receptor modulators (CNS disorders),

Sage Therapeutics receives fast track designation for status epilepticus therapy
Ligand Pharmaceuticals announced that its partner Sage Therapeutics has received fast track designation from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the Captisol-enabled SAGE-547 to treat status epilepticus.

read at

http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newssage-therapeutics-receives-fast-track-designation-for-status-epilepticus-therapy-4324543?WT.mc_id=DN_News

Chemical Name: (3α)-Allopregnanolone

Synonyms: (+)-3α-Hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one; (3α,5α)-3-Hydroxypregnan-20-one; 3α,5α-THP; 3α,5α-Tetrahydroprogesterone; 3α-Hydroxy-5α-dihydroprogesterone; 3α-Hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one; 3α-Hydroxy-5α-pregnane-20-one; 5α-Pregnan-3α-ol-20-one; 5α-Pregnane-3α-ol-20-one; Allopregnan-3α-ol-20-one; Allopregnanolone; Allotetrahydroprogesterone;

CAS Number: 516-54-1

Applications: (3α)-Allopregnanolone acts as a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator. (3α)-Allopregnanolone is a metabolite of Progesterone (P755900). (3α)-Allopregnanolone is a neuroactive steroid present in the blood and also the brain.

References: Puja, G. et al.: Neuron, 4, 759 (1990); Belelli, D. et ael. Neurosteroid, 6, 565 (2006); Viapiano, M. et al.: Neurochem. Res., 23, 155 (1998);

Mol. Formula: C21H34O2

Appearance: White Solid

Melting Point: 174-176°C

Mol. Weight: 318.49

SAGE-547 is a GABA(A) receptor modulator in phase I/II clinical trials at Sage Therapeutics as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of adults with super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE).

In 2014, orphan drug designation was assigned in the U.S for the treatment of status epilepticus. In July 2014, fast track designation was received in the U.S. for the treatment of adults with super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE).

July 22, 2014

SAGE Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company developing novel medicines to treat life-threatening, rare central nervous system (CNS) disorders, announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted fast track designation to the SAGE-547 development program. SAGE-547 is an allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors in development for the treatment of adult patients with refractory status epilepticus who have not responded to standard regimens (super-refractory status epilepticus, or SRSE). SAGE is currently evaluating SAGE-547 in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial for the treatment of SRSE. Preliminary data indicate that the first four patients enrolled in the clinical trial met the key efficacy endpoint, in that each was successfully weaned off his or her anesthetic agent while SAGE-547 was being administered. There have also been no reported drug-related serious adverse events in these four patients to date.

“The fast track designation for SAGE-547 recognizes the significant unmet need that exists in the treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus,” said Jeff Jonas, MD, chief executive officer of SAGE Therapeutics. “The receipt of orphan drug designation earlier this year for status epilepticus and the fast track designation are both significant regulatory milestones for SAGE-547, and we will continue to work closely with the FDA to advance our lead compound and the additional programs in our pipeline for the treatment of life-threatening CNS disorders.”

Fast track designation is granted by the FDA to facilitate the development and expedite the review of drug candidates that are intended to treat serious or life-threatening conditions and that demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs.

About SAGE-547

SAGE-547 is an allosteric modulator of both synaptic and extra-synaptic GABAA receptors. GABAA receptors are widely regarded as validated drug targets for a variety of CNS disorders, with decades of research and multiple approved drugs targeting these receptor systems. SAGE-547 is an intravenous agent in Phase 1/2 clinical development as an adjunctive therapy, a therapy combined with current therapeutic approaches, for the treatment of SRSE.

About Status Epilepticus (SE)

SE is a life-threatening seizure condition that occurs in approximately 150,000 people each year in the U.S., of which 30,000 SE patients die.1 We estimate that there are 35,000 patients with SE in the U.S. that are hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) each year. An SE patient is first treated with benzodiazepines, and if no response, is then treated with other, second-line, anti-seizure drugs. If the seizure persists after the second-line therapy, the patient is diagnosed as having refractory SE (RSE), admitted to the ICU and placed into a medically induced coma. Currently, there are no therapies that have been specifically approved for RSE; however, physicians typically use anesthetic agents to induce the coma and stop the seizure immediately. After a period of 24 hours, an attempt is made to wean the patient from the anesthetic agents to evaluate whether or not the seizure condition has resolved. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to weaning attempts, in which case the patient must be maintained in the medically induced coma. At this point, the patient is diagnosed as having SRSE. Currently, there are no therapies specifically approved for SRSE.

About SAGE Therapeutics

SAGE Therapeutics (NASDAQ: SAGE) is a biopharmaceutical company committed to developing and commercializing novel medicines to treat life-threatening, rare CNS disorders. SAGE’s lead program, SAGE-547, is in clinical development for super-refractory status epilepticus and is the first of several compounds the company is developing in its portfolio of potential seizure medicines. SAGE’s proprietary chemistry platform has generated multiple new compounds that target GABAA and NMDA receptors, which are broadly accepted as impacting many psychiatric and neurological disorders. SAGE Therapeutics is a public company launched in 2010 by an experienced team of R&D leaders, CNS experts and investors. For more information, please visitwww.sagerx.com.

Allopregnanolone

IUPAC name 1-(3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl- 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro- 1H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-17-yl)ethanone
Other names 3α,5α-Tetrahydroprogesterone
Identifiers

PubChem	262961
ChemSpider	17216124
ChEMBL	CHEMBL38856
Jmol-3D images	Image 1

Properties
Molecular formula	C₂₁H₃₄O₂
Molar mass	318.49 g/mol

Allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one or 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone), generally abbreviated as ALLO or as 3α,5α-THP, is an endogenous inhibitory pregnane neurosteroid.^[1] It is synthesized from progesterone, and is a potent positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor.^[1] Allopregnanolone has effects similar to those of other potentiators of the GABA_A receptor such as the benzodiazepines, including anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant activity.^[1]

The 21-hydroxylated derivative of this compound, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), is an endogenous inhibitory neurosteroid with similar properties to those of allopregnanolone, and the 3β-methyl analogue of allopregnanolone, ganaxolone, is under development to treat epilepsy and other conditions.^[1]

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of allopregnanolone starts with the conversion of progesterone into 5α-dihydroprogesterone by 5α-reductase type I. After that, 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase converts this intermediate into allopregnanolone.^[1]

Depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction are frequently-seen side effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride, and are thought to be caused, in part, by interfering with the normal production of allopregnanolone.^[2]

Mechanism

Allopregnanolone acts as a potent positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor.^[1] While allopregnanolone, like other inhibitory neurosteroids such as THDOC, positively modulates all GABA_A receptor isoforms, those isoforms containing δ subunits exhibit the greatest potentiation.^[1] Allopregnanolone has also been found to act as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A-ρ receptor, though the implications of this action are unclear.^[3]^[4] In addition to its actions on GABA receptors, allopregnanolone, like progesterone, is known to be a negative allosteric modulator of nACh receptors,^[5] and also appears to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the 5-HT₃ receptor.^[6] Along with the other inhibitory neurosteroids, allopregnanolone appears to have little or no action at other ligand-gated ion channels, including the NMDA, AMPA, kainate, and glycine receptors.^[7]

Unlike progesterone, allopregnanolone is inactive at the nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR).^[7] However, allopregnanolone can be intracellularly oxidized into 5α-dihydroprogesterone, which is an agonist of the nPR, and thus/in accordance, allopregnanolone does appear to have indirect nPR-mediated progestogenic effects.^[8] In addition, allopregnanolone has recently been found to be an agonist of the newly-discovered membrane progesterone receptors (mPR), including mPRδ, mPRα, and mPRβ, with its activity at these receptors about a magnitude more potent than at the GABA_A receptor.^[9]^[10] The action of allopregnanolone at these receptors may be related, in part, to its neuroprotective and antigonadotropic properties.^[9]^[11] Also like progesterone, recent evidence has shown that allopregnanolone is an activator of the pregnane X receptor.^[7]^[12]

Similarly to many other GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulators, allopregnanolone has been found to act as an inhibitor of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs),^[13] including α₁ subtypes Ca_v1.2 and Ca_v1.3.^[14] However, the threshold concentration of allopregnanolone to inhibit L-VGCCs was determined to be 3 μM (3,000 nM), which is far greater than the concentration of 5 nM that has been estimated to be naturally produced in the human brain.^[14] Thus, inhibition of L-VGCCs is unlikely of any actual significance in the effects of endogenous allopregnanolone.^[14] Also, allopregnanolone, along with several other neurosteroids, has been found to activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (GPBAR1, or TGR5).^[15] However, it is only able to do so at micromolar concentrations, which, similarly to the case of the L-VGCCs, are far greater than the low nanomolar concentrations of allopregnanolone estimated to be present in the brain.^[15]

Function

Allopregnanolone possesses a wide variety of effects, including, in no particular order, antidepressant, anxiolytic, stress-reducing, rewarding,^[16] prosocial,^[17] antiaggressive,^[18] prosexual,^[17] sedative, pro-sleep,^[19] cognitive and memory-impairing, analgesic,^[20] anesthetic, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, and neurogenic effects.^[1]

Fluctuations in the levels of allopregnanolone and the other neurosteroids seem to play an important role in the pathophysiology of mood, anxiety, premenstrual syndrome, catamenial epilepsy, and various other neuropsychiatric conditions.^[21]^[22]^[23]

Increased levels of allopregnanolone can produce paradoxical effects, including negative mood, anxiety, irritability, and aggression.^[24]^[25]^[26] This appears to be because allopregnanolone possesses biphasic, U-shaped actions at the GABA_A receptor – moderate level increases (in the range of 1.5–2 nM/L total allopregnanolone, which are approximately equivalent to luteal phase levels) inhibit the activity of the receptor, while lower and higher concentration increases stimulate it.^[24]^[25] This seems to be a common effect of many GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulators.^[26]^[21] In accordance, acute administration of low doses of micronized progesterone (which reliably elevates allopregnanolone levels), have been found to have negative effects on mood, while higher doses have a neutral effect.^[27]

Therapeutic applications

Allopregnanolone and the other endogenous inhibitory neurosteroids have very short half-lives, and for this reason, have not been pursued for clinical use themselves. Instead, synthetic analogs with improved pharmacokinetic profiles, such as ganaxolone, have been synthesized and are being investigated. However, exogenous progesterone, such as oral micronized progesterone (OMP), reliably elevates allopregnanolone levels in the body with good dose-to-serum level correlations.^[28] Due to this, it has been suggested that OMP could be described as a prodrug of sorts for allopregnanolone.^[28] As a result, there has been some interest in using OMP to treat catamenial epilepsy,^[29] as well as other menstrual cycle-related and neurosteroid-associated conditions.

……………………………………….

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006037016A2?cl=en

Materials and Methods

[0181] The materials and methods used for the follwing experiments have been described in Griffin L.D., et al, Nature Medicine 10: 704-711 (2004). This reference is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Example 1: Allopregnanolone Treatment of Niemann Pick type-C Mice Substantially Reduces Accumulation of the Gangliosides GMl, GM2, and GM3 in the Brain [0182] Mice were given a single injection of allopregnanolone, prepared in 20% βcyclodextrin in phosphate buffered saline, at a concentration of 25 mg/kg. The injection was on day 7 of life (P7, postnatal day 7). Concentrations of gangliosides GMl, GM2, GM3, were measured as well as other lipids such as ceramides and cerebrosides.

…………………………………………….

WO-2014031792 OR EQ

http://www.google.com/patents/US20140057885?cl=en

…………………………………….

WO-2013112605

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013112605A2?cl=en

References

Reddy DS (2010). “Neurosteroids: endogenous role in the human brain and therapeutic potentials”. Prog. Brain Res. 186: 113–37. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53630-3.00008-7. PMC 3139029. PMID 21094889.
Römer B, Gass P (December 2010). “Finasteride-induced depression: new insights into possible pathomechanisms”. J Cosmet Dermatol 9 (4): 331–2. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2010.00533.x. PMID 21122055.
Morris KD, Moorefield CN, Amin J (October 1999). “Differential modulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type C receptor by neuroactive steroids”. Mol. Pharmacol. 56 (4): 752–9. PMID 10496958.
Li W, Jin X, Covey DF, Steinbach JH (October 2007). “Neuroactive steroids and human recombinant rho1 GABAC receptors”. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 323 (1): 236–47. doi:10.1124/jpet.107.127365. PMID 17636008.
Bullock AE, Clark AL, Grady SR, et al. (June 1997). “Neurosteroids modulate nicotinic receptor function in mouse striatal and thalamic synaptosomes”. J. Neurochem. 68 (6): 2412–23. PMID 9166735.
Wetzel CH, Hermann B, Behl C, et al. (September 1998). “Functional antagonism of gonadal steroids at the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor”. Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (9): 1441–51. doi:10.1210/mend.12.9.0163. PMID 9731711.
Mellon SH (October 2007). “Neurosteroid regulation of central nervous system development”. Pharmacol. Ther. 116 (1): 107–24. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.04.011. PMC 2386997. PMID 17651807.
Rupprecht R, Reul JM, Trapp T, et al. (September 1993). “Progesterone receptor-mediated effects of neuroactive steroids”. Neuron 11 (3): 523–30. PMID 8398145.
Thomas P, Pang Y (2012). “Membrane progesterone receptors: evidence for neuroprotective, neurosteroid signaling and neuroendocrine functions in neuronal cells”. Neuroendocrinology 96 (2): 162–71. doi:10.1159/000339822. PMC 3489003. PMID 22687885.
Pang Y, Dong J, Thomas P (January 2013). “Characterization, neurosteroid binding and brain distribution of human membrane progesterone receptors δ and {epsilon} (mPRδ and mPR{epsilon}) and mPRδ involvement in neurosteroid inhibition of apoptosis”. Endocrinology 154 (1): 283–95. doi:10.1210/en.2012-1772. PMC 3529379. PMID 23161870.
Sleiter N, Pang Y, Park C, et al. (August 2009). “Progesterone receptor A (PRA) and PRB-independent effects of progesterone on gonadotropin-releasing hormone release”. Endocrinology 150 (8): 3833–44. doi:10.1210/en.2008-0774. PMC 2717864. PMID 19423765.
Lamba V, Yasuda K, Lamba JK, et al. (September 2004). “PXR (NR1I2): splice variants in human tissues, including brain, and identification of neurosteroids and nicotine as PXR activators”. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 199 (3): 251–65. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.027. PMID 15364541.
Hu AQ, Wang ZM, Lan DM, et al. (July 2007). “Inhibition of evoked glutamate release by neurosteroid allopregnanolone via inhibition of L-type calcium channels in rat medial prefrontal cortex”. Neuropsychopharmacology 32 (7): 1477–89. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301261. PMID 17151597.
Earl DE, Tietz EI (April 2011). “Inhibition of recombinant L-type voltage-gated calcium channels by positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors”. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 337 (1): 301–11. doi:10.1124/jpet.110.178244. PMC 3063747. PMID 21262851.
Keitel V, Görg B, Bidmon HJ, et al. (November 2010). “The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) acts as a neurosteroid receptor in brain”. Glia 58 (15): 1794–805. doi:10.1002/glia.21049. PMID 20665558.
Rougé-Pont F, Mayo W, Marinelli M, Gingras M, Le Moal M, Piazza PV (July 2002). “The neurosteroid allopregnanolone increases dopamine release and dopaminergic response to morphine in the rat nucleus accumbens”. Eur. J. Neurosci. 16 (1): 169–73. PMID 12153544.
Frye CA (December 2009). “Neurosteroids’ effects and mechanisms for social, cognitive, emotional, and physical functions”. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34 Suppl 1: S143–61. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.07.005. PMC 2898141. PMID 19656632.
Pinna G, Costa E, Guidotti A (February 2005). “Changes in brain testosterone and allopregnanolone biosynthesis elicit aggressive behavior”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (6): 2135–40. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409643102. PMC 548579. PMID 15677716.
Terán-Pérez G, Arana-Lechuga Y, Esqueda-León E, Santana-Miranda R, Rojas-Zamorano JÁ, Velázquez Moctezuma J (October 2012). “Steroid hormones and sleep regulation”. Mini Rev Med Chem 12 (11): 1040–8. PMID 23092405.
Patte-Mensah C, Meyer L, Taleb O, Mensah-Nyagan AG (February 2014). “Potential role of allopregnanolone for a safe and effective therapy of neuropathic pain”. Prog. Neurobiol. 113: 70–8. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.07.004. PMID 23948490.
Bäckström T, Andersson A, Andreé L, et al. (December 2003). “Pathogenesis in menstrual cycle-linked CNS disorders”. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1007: 42–53. PMID 14993039.
Guille C, Spencer S, Cavus I, Epperson CN (July 2008). “The role of sex steroids in catamenial epilepsy and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: implications for diagnosis and treatment”. Epilepsy Behav 13 (1): 12–24. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.02.004. PMID 18346939.
Finocchi C, Ferrari M (May 2011). “Female reproductive steroids and neuronal excitability”. Neurol. Sci. 32 Suppl 1: S31–5. doi:10.1007/s10072-011-0532-5. PMID 21533709.
Bäckström T, Haage D, Löfgren M, et al. (September 2011). “Paradoxical effects of GABA-A modulators may explain sex steroid induced negative mood symptoms in some persons”. Neuroscience 191: 46–54. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.03.061. PMID 21600269.
Andréen L, Nyberg S, Turkmen S, van Wingen G, Fernández G, Bäckström T (September 2009). “Sex steroid induced negative mood may be explained by the paradoxical effect mediated by GABAA modulators”. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34 (8): 1121–32. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.003. PMID 19272715.
Bäckström T, Bixo M, Johansson M, et al. (February 2014). “Allopregnanolone and mood disorders”. Prog. Neurobiol. 113: 88–94. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.07.005. PMID 23978486.
Andréen L, Sundström-Poromaa I, Bixo M, Nyberg S, Bäckström T (August 2006). “Allopregnanolone concentration and mood–a bimodal association in postmenopausal women treated with oral progesterone”. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 187 (2): 209–21. doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0417-0. PMID 16724185.
Andréen L, Spigset O, Andersson A, Nyberg S, Bäckström T (June 2006). “Pharmacokinetics of progesterone and its metabolites allopregnanolone and pregnanolone after oral administration of low-dose progesterone”. Maturitas 54 (3): 238–44. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.11.005. PMID 16406399.
Orrin Devinsky; Steven Schachter; Steven Pacia (1 January 2005). Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Epilepsy. Demos Medical Publishing. pp. 378–. ISBN 978-1-934559-08-6.

Additional reading

Herd, MB; Belelli, D; Lambert, JJ (2007). Neurosteroid modulation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors. Pharmacol. Ther. 116(1):20-34. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.007.

Beloranib, 성분명 벨로라닙 ZGN-433….Zafgen’s Prader-Willi syndrome therapy receives orphan drug designation in Europe

July 15, 2014 4:24 am / Leave a comment

Beloranib

CAS 251111-30-5 (beloranib),529511-79-3 (beloranib hemioxalate)

(E)-(3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-methoxy-4-((2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxiran-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl 3-(4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)acrylate

6-O-(4-dimethylaminoethoxy)cinnamoyl fumagillol

Mechanism of Action:methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitor

Indication:Obesity US Patent : US6063812 Patent Exp Date: May 13, 2019

Originator: Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharma (종근당) Chong Kun Dang Pharm Corp

Developer: Zafgen Inc. (자프젠)Zafgen Corporation

Zafgen’s Prader-Willi syndrome therapy receives orphan drug designation in Europe The European Commission (EC) has granted orphan drug designation to US-based Zafgen for its beloranib for treating Prader-Willi syndrome. Beloranib is a potent inhibitor of Methionine aminopeptidase-2 that reduces hunger while stimulating the use of stored fat as an energy source (MetAP2). MetAP2 is an enzyme that modulates the activity of key cellular processes that control metabolism. http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newszafgens-prader-willi-syndrome-therapy-receives-orphan-drug-designation-in-europe-4316842?WT.mc_id=DN_News

INTRODUCTION Beloranib is an experimental drug candidate for the treatment of obesity. It was discovered by CKD Pharmaceuticals and is currently being developed by Zafgen. Beloranib, an analog of the natural chemical compound fumagillin, is an inhibitor of the enzyme METAP2. It was originally designed as angiogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. However, once the potential anti-obesity effects of METAP2 inhibition became apparent, the clinical development began to focus on these effects and beloranib has shown positive results in preliminary clinical trials for this indication. At such low doses, says Thomas E. Hughes, president and chief executive officer of Zafgen, toxicity concerns tend to evaporate, in part because so little opportunity exists to inhibit off-target proteins.

Zafgen, a small pharmaceutical company in Cambridge, Mass., sees high selectivity and low toxicity with its covalent molecule for treating obesity, beloranib hemioxalate, also known as ZGN-433. “You’re passing a wave of the molecule through the body,” he says. “It hits the different tissues, silences the target enzyme where it finds it, and then it goes away.” Zafgen’s drug candidate inhibits an enzyme called methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2), which had been of interest in oncology circles until it turned out to be a poor target for treating cancer in mice. However, animals treated with a MetAP2 inhibitor lost weight. Zafgen pursued the enzyme as a target for obesity. Its drug candidate contains a spiroepoxide that bonds with a histidine in the protein’s active site.

ZGN-433 has undergone a Phase I clinical trial, in which obese volunteers lost up to 2 lb per week. It will enter Phase II trials within a year, Hughes says, funded by $33 million the company raised from investors. With dosing of up to 2 mg twice per week, ZGN-433 reaches a maximum concentration in the body of just a few nanomolar for several hours before the body quickly eliminates it, Hughes says. During that time, the drug is much more likely to interact with MetAP2 than with anything else. “You’re flying under the radar of a lot of concerns,” he says. “Drug-drug interactions are not an issue. There’s just not enough inhibitor to go around.

The same is true for off-target inhibition: The chance of off-target toxicity is largely gone.” Proponents of covalent inhibitors are quick to point out that dozens of such drugs are already on the market. They include aspirin, the world’s most widely used medicine; penicillin and related antibiotics; and recently developed blockbusters such as Plavix, Prevacid, and Nexium. The drugs treat a broad range of conditions, and many have minimal side effects, even when taken for years. By one count, of the marketed drugs that inhibit enzymes, more than one-third work by covalent modification (Biochemistry, DOI: 10.1021/bi050247e).

6-O-(4-dimethylaminoethoxy) cinnamoyl fumagillol hemioxalate

Beloranib, ZGN-433, CKD-732

IUPAC name [(3R,6R,7S,8S)-7-methoxy-8-[(2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]-2-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl] (E)-3-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]prop-2-enoate
Other names CKD-732; ZGN-433
Identifiers
CAS number	251111-30-5, 529511-79-3 (hemioxalate)
PubChem	6918502
ChemSpider	26286923
UNII	FI471K8BU6
Jmol-3D images	Image 1


Properties
Molecular formula	C₂₉H₄₁NO₆
Molar mass	499.64 g mol⁻¹
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)

Beloranib (previously known as CKD-732; ZGN-433), a methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitor originally designed as an anticancer agent, is being developed by Zafgen as a first-in-class obesity therapy. Beloranib, a twice-daily injection, is discovered by korean company Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharmaceuticals and was licensed to Cambridge, MA-based startup Zafgen, Inc. Zafgen holds exclusive worldwide rights (exclusive of Korea) for development and commercialization of beloranib. Beloranib, an analog of the antimicrobial agent fumagillin, is an inhibitor of the enzyme METAP2 involved in fatty acid production. It was originally designed as angiogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. However, once the potential anti-obesity effects of METAP2 inhibition became apparent, the clinical development began to focus on these effects.

Zafgen has chosen to develop beloranib not for the folks that need to shed a few pounds, but for severely obese people, and smaller groups of patients with rare and dangerous conditions. In January 2013, beloranib was granted orphan drug designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat a rare genetic condition known as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) that causes obesity through compulsive eating. Zafgen plans to seek the same designation for beloranib in craniopharyngioma (a rare benign brain tumor) related obesity as well. By going after these orphan indications, Zafgen can get onto the market quicker and cheaper than if it went straight for the larger obesity market. Zafgen recently completed two Phase 2a clinical trials evaluating beloranib’s ability to reduce body weight and to improve hyperphagia, one in PWS patients and one in severely obese patients. In its Phase 2a clinical trials, Zafgen observed reductions in body weight, body mass and body fat content in both patient populations and reductions in hyperphagia-related behaviors in PWS patients.

On June 19, 2014, Zafgen Inc. raised $96 million in its initial public offering (IPO) on the Nasdaq under the symbol “ZFGN” amid strong demand from investors. With its IPO cash, Zafgen plans to initiate its Phase 3 clinical program, consisting of two Phase 3 clinical trials, of beloranib in PWS patients, with the first Phase 3 trial to start in the second half of 2014, after finalizing the program design based on ongoing conversations with the FDA and certain European regulatory authorities. Zafgen is also planning a phase 2a trial in craniopharyngioma, and a Phase 2b trila in patients with severe obesity, all this year. The composition of matter patent (US6063812) on beloranib will each expire in May 2019. Zafgen owns two issued U.S. patents relating to beloranib polymorph compositions of matter that will expire in 2031 and two issued U.S. patents to methods of treating obesity that will expire in 2029. Beloranib is an experimental drug candidate for the treatment of obesity. It was discovered by CKD Pharmaceuticals and is currently being developed by Zafgen.^[1] Beloranib, an analog of the natural chemical compound fumagillin, is an inhibitor of the enzyme METAP2.^[2] It was originally designed as angiogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of cancer.^[3] However, once the potential anti-obesity effects of METAP2 inhibition became apparent, the clinical development began to focus on these effects and beloranib has shown positive results in preliminary clinical trials for this indication.^[4]^[5]

………………………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2005082349A1?cl=en

compound O-(4- dimethylaminoethoxycinnamoyl)fumagillol can be used in the form of a salt, e.g., acetate, lactate, benzoate, salicylate, mandelate, oxalate, methanesulfonate, or p- toluenesulfonate. Korean Patent No. 0357542 and its corresponding patents (U.S. Patent No. 6,063,812, Japanese Patent No. 3370985, and European Patent No. 1077964), filed by the present applicant, disclose fumagiUol derivatives, including the compounds used in the present invention. The composition of the present invention can be prepared in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations.

………………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2012064838A1?cl=en

MetAP2 encodes a protein that functions at least in part by enzymatically removing the amino terminal methionine residue from certain newly translated proteins, such as, glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (Warder et al. (2008) J Proteome Res 7:4807). Increased expression of the MetAP2 gene has been historically associated with various forms of cancer. Molecules inhibiting the enzymatic activity of MetAP2 have been identified and have been explored for their utility in the treatment of various tumor types (Wang et al. (2003) Cancer Res 63:7861) and infectious diseases, such as, microsporidiosis, leishmaniasis, and malaria (Zhang et al. (2002) J. Biomed Sci. 9:34). Notably, inhibition of MetAP2 activity in obese and obese-diabetic animals leads to a reduction in body weight in part by increasing the oxidation of fat and in part by reducing the consumption of food (Rupnick et al. (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 10730). [0003] 6-O-(4-Dimethylaminoethoxy)cinnamoyl fumagillol is a METAP2 inhibitor and is useful in the treatment of, e.g., obesity. 6-O-(4-Dimethylaminoethoxy)cinnamoyl fumagillol is characterized by formula I:

Example 1 [0060] Crystalline, Form A material of 6-O-(4-dimethylaminoethoxy)cinnamoyl fumagillol was prepared as follows: [0061] Approximately 423 mg of amorphous gum/oil-like 6-O-(4- dimethylaminoethoxy)cinnamoyl fumagillol free base compound was dissolved in ca. 6 mL of diisopropylether (IPE). The solution was allowed to stir for ca. 24 hours at ambient temperature (18-22°C) during which time solid precipitated. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration and dried under vacuum at ambient for ca. 4 hours (yield 35.8 %).

…………………..

………………….

http://www.google.com/patents/WO1999059986A1?cl=en

Example 14 : 0-(4-dimethylaminocinnamoyl)fumagillol 1) To a solution of 4-dimethylaminocinnamic acid (950 mg) in toluene (20 ml), dipyridyl disulfide (1.64 g) and triphenyl phosphine (1.97 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 12 hours. 2) The resultant solution of 1) was added to fumagillol (500 mg) at room temperature. Sodium hydride (142 mg) was added thereto, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. After adding saturated ammonium chloride solution (20 ml), the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After filtering, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate/ n-hexane = 1/2) to obtain yellow solid (470 mg). ‘H-NMR (CDCI₃) δ : 7.60 (d, IH, J=15.8Hz), 7.41 (d, 2H, J=8.9Hz), 6.67 (d, 2H, J=8.9Hz), 6.27 (d, IH, J=15.8Hz), 5.71 (m, IH), 5.22 (bit, IH), 3.70 (dd, IH, J=2.8, 11.0Hz), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.02 (s, 6H), 3.01 (d, IH, J=4.3Hz), 2.63 (t, IH, J=6.3Hz), 2.56 (d, IH, J=4.3Hz), 2.41 – 1.81 (m, 6H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H), 1.15 – 1.06 (m, IH)

………..

Organic Letters, 16(3), 792-795; 2014

An efficient, two-step construction of highly complex alkaloid-like compounds from the natural product fumagillol is described. This approach, which mimics a biosynthetic cyclase/oxidase sequence, allows for rapid and efficient structure elaboration of the basic fumagillol scaffold with a variety of readily available coupling partners. Mechanistic experiments leading to the discovery of an oxygen-directed oxidative Mannich reaction are also described.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ol4035269

References

“News Release: Zafgen Secures $33 Million Series C Financing”. Zafgen, Inc. July 7, 2011.
Chun, E; Han, CK; Yoon, JH; Sim, TB; Kim, YK; Lee, KY (2005). “Novel inhibitors targeted to methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) strongly inhibit the growth of cancers in xenografted nude model”. International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer 114 (1): 124–30. doi:10.1002/ijc.20687. PMID 15523682.
Kim, EJ; Shin, WH (2005). “General pharmacology of CKD-732, a new anticancer agent: effects on central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory system”. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 28 (2): 217–23. doi:10.1248/bpb.28.217. PMID 15684472.
“Zafgen Announces Positive Topline Phase 1b Data for ZGN-433 in Obesity”. MedNews. Drugs.com. 5 January 2011.
“Fat-busting pill helps obese to shed two pounds a week – without changing their diets”. UK Daily Mail. 11 January 2011.

MORE REF Grenning, Alexander J. et al.Remodeling of Fumagillol: Discovery of an Oxygen-Directed Oxidative Mannich Reaction.Organic Letters, 16(3), 792-795; 2014

Hughes, T. E.; Kim, D. D.; Marjason, J.; Proietto, J.; Whitehead, J. P.; Vath, J. E. Ascending dose-controlled trial of beloranib, a novel obesity treatment for safety, tolerability, and weight loss in obese women. Obesity (2013), 21(9), 1782-1788.

Chung Il Hong, Jung Woo Kim, Sang Joon Lee, Soon Kil Ahn, Nam Song Choi, Ryung Kee Hong, Hyoung Sik Chun, Seung Kee Moon, Cheol Kyu Han. Angiogenesis inhibitors, antiarthritic agents and anticarcinogenic agents plus synthesis. US patent Number US6063812 A, Also published as CA2331873A1, CA2331873C, CN1301260A, CN100352810C, DE69903279D1, DE69903279T2, EP1077964A1,EP1077964B1,WO1999059986A1, Filing date: May 13, 1999.Original Assignee:Chong Kun Dang Corporation Crawford, Thomas; Reece, Hayley A.Preparation of crystalline forms of 6-O-(4-dimethylaminoethoxy)cinnamoylfumagillol.PCT Int. Appl. (2012), WO2012064838 A1, 20120518

Egorov, Maxim et al. Preparation of fumagillol derivatives useful for the treatment or prevention of bone tumors. PCT Int. Appl., WO2012130906, 04 Oct 2012

Stevenson, Cheri A.; Akullian, Laura C.; Petter, Russell C.; Kane, John J.; Hammond, Charles E.; Yin, Mao; Yurkovetskiy, Aleksandr.Preparation of biocompatible biodegradable fumagillin analog conjugates for the treatment of cancer. PCT Int. Appl. (2009), WO2009073445 A2, 20090611

Lee, Hong Woo et al.Design, synthesis, and antiangiogenic effects of a series of potent novel fumagillin analogues.Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 55(7), 1024-1029; 2007

Lee, Hong Woo et al.Selective N-demethylation of tertiary aminofumagillols with selenium dioxide via a non-classical Polonovski type reaction.Heterocycles, 68(5), 915-932; 2006

References OTHERS

1: Yin SQ, Wang JJ, Zhang CM, Liu ZP. The development of MetAP-2 inhibitors in cancer treatment. Curr Med Chem. 2012;19(7):1021-35. Review. PubMed PMID: 22229417.

2: Shin SJ, Ahn JB, Park KS, Lee YJ, Hong YS, Kim TW, Kim HR, Rha SY, Roh JK, Kim DH, Kim C, Chung HC. A Phase Ib pharmacokinetic study of the anti-angiogenic agent CKD-732 used in combination with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) in metastatic colorectal cancer patients who progressed on irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Invest New Drugs. 2012 Apr;30(2):672-80. doi: 10.1007/s10637-010-9625-x. Epub 2010 Dec 29. PubMed PMID: 21188464.

3: Shin SJ, Jeung HC, Ahn JB, Rha SY, Roh JK, Park KS, Kim DH, Kim C, Chung HC. A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of CKD-732, an antiangiogenic agent, in patients with refractory solid cancer. Invest New Drugs. 2010 Oct;28(5):650-8. doi: 10.1007/s10637-009-9287-8. Epub 2009 Jul 8. PubMed PMID: 19585083.

4: Rhee Y, Park SY, Kim YM, Lee S, Lim SK. Angiogenesis inhibitor attenuates parathyroid hormone-induced anabolic effect. Biomed Pharmacother. 2009 Jan;63(1):63-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.10.013. Epub 2007 Nov 20. PubMed PMID: 18457934.

5: Kim YM, An JJ, Jin YJ, Rhee Y, Cha BS, Lee HC, Lim SK. Assessment of the anti-obesity effects of the TNP-470 analog, CKD-732. J Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Apr;38(4):455-65. PubMed PMID: 17446235.

6: Kim EJ, Shin WH. General pharmacology of CKD-732, a new anticancer agent: effects on central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory system. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Feb;28(2):217-23. PubMed PMID: 15684472.

7: Chun E, Han CK, Yoon JH, Sim TB, Kim YK, Lee KY. Novel inhibitors targeted to methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) strongly inhibit the growth of cancers in xenografted nude model. Int J Cancer. 2005 Mar 10;114(1):124-30. PubMed PMID: 15523682.

8: Lee HS, Choi WK, Son HJ, Lee SS, Kim JK, Ahn SK, Hong CI, Min HK, Kim M, Myung SW. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of CKD-732, a novel antiangiogenic fumagillin derivative, in rats, mice, and dogs. Arch Pharm Res. 2004 Feb;27(2):265-72. PubMed PMID: 15029870.

9: Kim JH, Lee SK, Ki MH, Choi WK, Ahn SK, Shin HJ, Hong CI. Development of parenteral formulation for a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, CKD-732 through complexation with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Int J Pharm. 2004 Mar 19;272(1-2):79-89. PubMed PMID: 15019071.

10: Myung SW, Kim HY, Min HK, Kim DH, Kim M, Cho HW, Lee HS, Kim JK, Hong CI. The identification of in vitro metabolites of CKD-732 by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2002;16(21):2048-53. PubMed PMID: 12391579.

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………

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GLENMARK SCIENTIST , INDIA
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FDA Approves Beleodaq (belinostat) for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

July 4, 2014 3:18 am / Leave a comment

Belinostat (PXD101)

FAST TRACK FDA , ORPHAN STATUS

Approved by FDA……http://www.drugs.com/newdrugs/fda-approves-beleodaq-belinostat-peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma-4052.html?utm_source=ddc&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Today%27s+news+summary+-+July+3%2C+2014

July 3, 2014 — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Beleodaq (belinostat) for the treatment of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), a rare and fast-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The action was taken under the agency’s accelerated approval program.

PDX101
PX 105684
PXD-101
PXD101
UNII-F4H96P17NZ

Belinostat (PXD101) is a novel HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 27 nM, with activity demonstrated in cisplatin-resistant tumors.

CLINICAL TRIALS…http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=Belinostat+OR+PXD101

Chemical structure for belinostat

Identifiers
IUPAC name (2E)-N-Hydroxy-3-[3-(phenylsulfamoyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide
Other names PXD101
CAS	414864-00-9
PubChem	6918638
ChemSpider	5293831
UNII	F4H96P17NZ
ChEBI	CHEBI:61076
ChEMBL	CHEMBL408513
Jmol-3D images	Image 1


Properties
Molecular formula	C₁₅H₁₄N₂O₄S
Molar mass	318.35 g mol⁻¹

Belinostat inhibits the growth of tumor cells (A2780, HCT116, HT29, WIL, CALU-3, MCF7, PC3 and HS852) with IC50 from 0.2-0.66 μM. PD101 shows low activity in A2780/cp70 and 2780AD cells. Belinostat inhibits bladder cancer cell growth, especially in 5637 cells, which shows accumulation of G0-G1 phase, decrease in S phase, and increase in G2-M phase. Belinostat also shows enhanced tubulin acetylation in ovarian cancer cell lines. A recent study shows that Belinostat activates protein kinase A in a TGF-β signaling-dependent mechanism and decreases survivin mRNA.

PTCL comprises a diverse group of rare diseases in which lymph nodes become cancerous. In 2014, the National Cancer Institute estimates that 70,800 Americans will be diagnosed with NHL and 18,990 will die. PTCL represents about 10 to 15 percent of NHLs in North America.

Beleodaq works by stopping enzymes that contribute to T-cells, a type of immune cell, becoming cancerous. It is intended for patients whose disease returned after treatment (relapsed) or did not respond to previous treatment (refractory).

“This is the third drug that has been approved since 2009 for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Today’s approval expands the number of treatment options available to patients with serious and life-threatening diseases.”

The FDA granted accelerated approval to Folotyn (pralatrexate) in 2009 for use in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL and Istodax (romidepsin) in 2011 for the treatment of PTCL in patients who received at least one prior therapy.

The safety and effectiveness of Beleodaq was evaluated in a clinical study involving 129 participants with relapsed or refractory PTCL. All participants were treated with Beleodaq until their disease progressed or side effects became unacceptable. Results showed 25.8 percent of participants had their cancer disappear (complete response) or shrink (partial response) after treatment.

The most common side effects seen in Beleodaq-treated participants were nausea, fatigue, fever (pyrexia), low red blood cells (anemia), and vomiting.

The FDA’s accelerated approval program allows for approval of a drug based on surrogate or intermediate endpoints reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit for patients with serious conditions with unmet medical needs. Drugs receiving accelerated approval are subject to confirmatory trials verifying clinical benefit. Beleodaq also received orphan product designation by the FDA because it is intended to treat a rare disease or condition.

Beleodaq and Folotyn are marketed by Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., based in Henderson, Nevada. Istodax is marketed by Celgene Corporation based in Summit, New Jersey.

MW 318.07
MF	C15H14N2O4S

414864-00-9 cas no

866323-14-0

(2E)-N-hydroxy-3-[3-(phenylsulfamoyl)phenyl]acrylamide

A novel HDAC inhibitor

…………………………

BELINOSTAT

Belinostat (PXD101) is experimental drug candidate under development byTopoTarget for the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor.[1]

A hydroxamate-type inhibitor of histone deacetylase.

NCI: A novel hydroxamic acid-type histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Belinostat targets HDAC enzymes, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, promoting cellular differentiation, and inhibiting angiogenesis. This agent may sensitize drug-resistant tumor cells to other antineoplastic agents, possibly through a mechanism involving the down-regulation of thymidylate synthase

In 2007 preliminary results were released from the Phase II clinical trial of intravenous belinostat in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for relapsedovarian cancer.[2] Final results in late 2009 of a phase II trial for T cell lymphomawere encouraging.[3] Belinostat has been granted orphan drug and fast trackdesignation by the FDA.[4]

The study of inhibitors of histone deacetylases indicates that these enzymes play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. The inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) (Yoshida et al., 1990a) causes cell cycle arrest at both G1 and G2 phases (Yoshida and Beppu, 1988), reverts the transformed phenotype of different cell lines, and induces differentiation of Friend leukaemia cells and others (Yoshida et al., 1990b). TSA (and SAHA) have been reported to inhibit cell growth, induce terminal differentiation, and prevent the formation of tumours in mice (Finnin et al., 1999).

Trichostatin A (TSA)

Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA)

Cell cycle arrest by TSA correlates with an increased expression of gelsolin (Hoshikawa et al., 1994), an actin regulatory protein that is down regulated in malignant breast cancer (Mielnicki et al., 1999). Similar effects on cell cycle and differentiation have been observed with a number of deacetylase inhibitors (Kim et al., 1999). Trichostatin A has also been reported to be useful in the treatment of fibrosis, e.g., liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. See, e.g., Geerts et al., 1998.

Recently, certain compounds that induce differentiation have been reported to inhibit histone deacetylases. Several experimental antitumour compounds, such as trichostatin A (TSA), trapoxin, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and phenylbutyrate have been reported to act, at least in part, by inhibiting histone deacetylase (see, e.g., Yoshida et al., 1990; Richon et al., 1998; Kijima et al., 1993). Additionally, diallyl sulfide and related molecules (see, e.g., Lea et al., 1999), oxamflatin (see, e.g., Kim et al., 1999), MS-27-275, a synthetic benzamide derivative (see, e.g., Saito et al., 1999; Suzuki et al., 1999; note that MS-27-275 was later re-named as MS-275), butyrate derivatives (see, e.g., Lea and Tulsyan, 1995), FR901228 (see, e.g., Nokajima et al., 1998), depudecin (see, e.g., Kwon et al., 1998), and m-carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide (see, e.g., Richon et al., 1998) have been reported to inhibit histone deacetylases. In vitro, some of these compounds are reported to inhibit the growth of fibroblast cells by causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 and G2 phases, and can lead to the terminal differentiation and loss of transforming potential of a variety of transformed cell lines (see, e.g., Richon et al, 1996; Kim et al., 1999; Yoshida et al., 1995; Yoshida & Beppu, 1988). In vivo, phenybutyrate is reported to be effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in conjunction with retinoic acid (see, e.g., Warrell et al., 1998). SAHA is reported to be effective in preventing the formation of mammary tumours in rats, and lung tumours in mice (see, e.g., Desai et al., 1999).

The clear involvement of HDACs in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation suggest that aberrant HDAC activity may play a role in cancer. The most direct demonstration that deacetylases contribute to cancer development comes from the analysis of different acute promyelocytic leukaemias (APL). In most APL patients, a translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17 (t(15;17)) results in the expression of a fusion protein containing the N-terminal portion of PML gene product linked to most of RARσ (retinoic acid receptor). In some cases, a different translocation (t(11 ;17)) causes the fusion between the zinc finger protein PLZF and RARα. In the absence of ligand, the wild type RARα represses target genes by tethering HDAC repressor complexes to the promoter DNA. During normal hematopoiesis, retinoic acid (RA) binds RARα and displaces the repressor complex, allowing expression of genes implicated in myeloid differentiation. The RARα fusion proteins occurring in APL patients are no longer responsive to physiological levels of RA and they interfere with the expression of the RA- inducible genes that promote myeloid differentiation. This results in a clonal expansion of promyelocytic cells and development of leukaemia. In vitro experiments have shown that TSA is capable of restoring RA-responsiveness to the fusion RARα proteins and of allowing myeloid differentiation. These results establish a link between HDACs and oncogenesis and suggest that HDACs are potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention in APL patients. (See, for example, Kitamura et al., 2000; David et al., 1998; Lin et al., 1998).

BELINOSTAT

Furthermore, different lines of evidence suggest that HDACs may be important therapeutic targets in other types of cancer. Cell lines derived from many different cancers (prostate, coloreetal, breast, neuronal, hepatic) are induced to differentiate by HDAC inhibitors (Yoshida and Horinouchi, 1999). A number of HDAC inhibitors have been studied in animal models of cancer. They reduce tumour growth and prolong the lifespan of mice bearing different types of transplanted tumours, including melanoma, leukaemia, colon, lung and gastric carcinomas, etc. (Ueda et al., 1994; Kim et al., 1999).

Psoriasis is a common chronic disfiguring skin disease which is characterised by well-demarcated, red, hardened scaly plaques: these may be limited or widespread. The prevalence rate of psoriasis is approximately 2%, i.e., 12.5 million sufferers in the triad countries (US/Europe/Japan). While the disease is rarely fatal, it clearly has serious detrimental effects upon the quality of life of the patient: this is further compounded by the lack of effective therapies. Present treatments are either ineffective, cosmetically unacceptable, or possess undesired side effects. There is therefore a large unmet clinical need for effective and safe drugs for this condition. Psoriasis is a disease of complex etiology. Whilst there is clearly a genetic component, with a number of gene loci being involved, there are also undefined environmental triggers. Whatever the ultimate cause of psoriasis, at the cellular level, it is characterised by local T-cell mediated inflammation, by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and by localised angiogenesis. These are all processes in which histone deacetylases have been implicated (see, e.g., Saunders et al., 1999; Bernhard et al, 1999; Takahashi et al, 1996; Kim et al , 2001 ). Therefore HDAC inhibitors may be of use in therapy for psoriasis. Candidate drugs may be screened, for example, using proliferation assays with T-cells and/or keratinocytes.

………………………………………………………………………..

PXD101/Belinostat®

(E)-N-hydroxy-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylamide, also known as PXD101 and Belinostat®, shown below, is a well known histone deacetylate (HDAC) inhibitor. It is being developed for treatment of a range of disorders mediated by HDAC, including proliferative conditions (such as cancer and psoriasis), malaria, etc.

PXD101 was first described in WO 02/30879 A2. That document describes a multi-step method of synthesis which may conveniently be illustrated by the following scheme.

…………………………………..

GENERAL SYNTHESIS

WO2002030879A2

IGNORE 10

ENTRY 45 IS BELINOSTAT

Scheme 1

By using amines instead of aniline, the corresponding products may be obtained. The use of aniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 4-methylaniline, 4-bromoaniline, 4-chloroaniline, 4-benzylamine, and 4-phenethyamine, among others, is described in the Examples below.

In another method, a suitable amino acid (e.g., ω-amino acid) having a protected carboxylic acid (e.g., as an ester) and an unprotected amino group is reacted with a sulfonyl chloride compound (e.g., RSO₂CI) to give the corresponding sulfonamide having a protected carboxylic acid. The protected carboxylic acid is then deprotected using base to give the free carboxylic acid, which is then reacted with, for example, hydroxylamine 2-chlorotrityl resin followed by acid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid), to give the desired carbamic acid.

One example of this approach is illustrated below, in Scheme 2, wherein the reaction conditions are as follows: (i) RSO₂CI, pyridine, DCM, room temperature, 12 hours; (ii) 1 M LiOH or 1 M NaOH, dioxane, room temperature, 3-48 hours; (iii) hydroxylamine 2-chlorotrityl resin, HOAt, HATU, DIPEA, DCM, room temperature, 16 hours; and (iv) TFA/DCM (5:95, v/v), room temperature, 1.5 hours.

Scheme 2

Additional methods for the synthesis of compounds of the present invention are illustrated below and are exemplified in the examples below.

Scheme 3A

Scheme 3B

Scheme 4

Scheme 8

Scheme 9

……………………………………………………………………..

SYNTHESIS

WO2002030879A2

Example 1

3-Formylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (1)

Oleum (5 ml) was placed in a reaction vessel and benzaldehyde (2.00 g, 18.84 mmol) was slowly added not exceeding the temperature of the reaction mixture more than 30°C. The obtained solution was stirred at 40°C for ten hours and at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into ice and extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was treated with CaC0₃ until the evolution of C0₂ ceased (pH~6-7), then the precipitated CaSO₄was filtered off and washed with water. The filtrate was treated with Na₂CO₃ until the pH of the reaction medium increased to pH 8, obtained CaCO3 was filtered off and water solution was evaporated in vacuum. The residue was washed with methanol, the washings were evaporated and the residue was dried in desiccator over P₂Oβ affording the title compound (2.00 g, 51%). ¹H NMR (D₂0), δ: 7.56-8.40 (4H, m); 10.04 ppm (1 H, s).

Example 2 3-(3-Sulfophenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester, sodium salt (2)

Sodium salt of 3-formylbenzenesulfonic acid (1) (1.00 g, 4.80 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.32 g, 9.56 mmol), trimethyl phosphonoacetate (1.05 g, 5.77 mmol) and water (2 ml) were stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min., precipitated solid was filtered and washed with methanol. The filtrate was evaporated and the title compound (2) was obtained as a white solid (0.70 g, 55%). ¹H NMR (DMSO- d_βl HMDSO), δ: 3.68 (3H, s); 6.51 (1 H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.30-7.88 (5H, m).

Example 3 3-(3-Chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3)

To the sodium salt of 3-(3-sulfophenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (2) (0.670 g, 2.53 mmol) benzene (2 ml), thionyl chloride (1.508 g, 0.9 ml, 12.67 mmol) and 3 drops of dimethylformamide were added and the resultant suspension was stirred at reflux for one hour. The reaction mixture was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in benzene (3 ml), filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to give the title compound (0.6’40 g, 97%).

Example 4 3-(3-Phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (4a)

A solution of 3-(3-chlorosulfonylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (3) (0.640 g, 2.45 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 ml) was added to a mixture of aniline (0.465 g, 4.99 mmol) and pyridine (1 ml), and the resultant solution was stirred at 50°C for one hour. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 10% HCI. The organic layer was washed successively with water, saturated NaCl, and dried (Na₂S0 ). The solvent was removed and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel with chloroform-ethyl acetate (7:1 , v/v) as eluent. The obtained product was washed with diethyl ether to give the title compound (0.226 g, 29%). ¹H NMR (CDCI₃, HMDSO), δ: 3.72 (3H, s); 6.34 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 6.68 (1 H, br s); 6.92-7.89 (10H, m).

Example 5 3-(3-Phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylic acid (5a)

3-(3-Phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylic acid methyl ester (4a) (0.220 g, 0.69 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (3 ml), 1N NaOH (2.08 ml, 2.08 mmol) was added and the resultant solution was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was acidified with 10% HCI and stirred for 30 min. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water and dried in desiccator over P₂Os to give the title compound as a white solid (0.173 g, 82%). Example 6 3-(3-Phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acryloyl chloride (6a)

To a suspension of 3-(3-phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylic acid (5a) (0.173 g, 0.57 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.3 ml) oxalyl chloride (0.17 ml, 1.95 mmol) and one drop of dimethylformamide were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40°C for one hour and concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude title compound (0.185 g).

Example 7

N-Hydroxy-3-(3-phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acrylamide (7a) (PX105684) BELINOSTAT

To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.200 g, 2.87 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3.5 ml) a saturated NaHCOβ solution (2.5 ml) was added and the resultant mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 min. To the reaction mixture a 3-(3-phenylsulfamoylphenyl)acryloyl chloride (6a) (0.185 g) solution in tetrahydrofuran (2.3 ml) was added and stirred at ambient temperature for one hour. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 2N HCI. The organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated NaCl, the solvent was removed and the residue was washed with acetonitrile and diethyl ether.

The title compound was obtained as a white solid (0.066 g, 36%), m.p. 172°C. BELINOSTAT

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, HMDSO), δ: 6.49 (1 H, d, J=16.0 Hz); 7.18-8.05 (10H, m); 9.16 (1 H, br s); 10.34 (1 H, s); 10.85 ppm (1 H, br s).

HPLC analysis on Symmetry C₁₈column: impurities 4% (column size 3.9×150 mm; mobile phase acetonitrile – 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), 40:60; sample concentration 1 mg/ml; flow rate 0.8 ml/ min; detector UV 220 nm).

Anal. Calcd for C₁₅Hι₄N₂0₄S, %: C 56.59, H 4.43, N 8.80. Found, %: C 56.28, H 4.44, N 8.56.

……………………………………………………………………….

SYNTHESIS

US20100286279

Figure US20100286279A1-20101111-C00034

…………………………………………………….

SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL DATA

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011 , vol. 54, 13 pg. 4694 – 4720

(E)-N-Hydroxy-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylamide (28, belinostat, PXD101).

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jm2003552

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm2003552/suppl_file/jm2003552_si_001.pdf

The methyl ester (27) (8.0 g) was prepared according to reported synthetic route,

(Watkins, C. J.; Romero-Martin, M.-R.; Moore, K. G.; Ritchie, J.; Finn, P. W.; Kalvinsh, I.;
Loza, E.; Dikvoska, K.; Gailite, V.; Vorona, M.; Piskunova, I.; Starchenkov, I.; Harris, C. J.;
Duffy, J. E. S. Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as HDAC
inhibitors. PCT Int. Appl. WO200230879A2, April 18, 2002.)
but using procedure D (Experimental Section) or method described for 26 to convert the methyl ester to crude
hydroxamic acid which was further purified by chromatography (silica, MeOH/DCM = 1:10) to
afford 28 (PXD101) as off-white or pale yellow powder (2.5 g, 31%).

LC–MS m/z 319.0 ([M +H]+).

1H NMR (DMSO-d6)  12–9 (very broad, 2H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J

= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (d,
J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H);

13C NMR (DMSO-d6)  162.1,
140.6, 138.0, 136.5, 135.9, 131.8, 130.0, 129.2, 127.1, 124.8, 124.1, 121.3, 120.4.

Anal.
(C15H14N2O4S) C, H, N

………………………………………………..

SYNTHESIS

WO2009040517A2

PXDIOI / Belinostat®

PXD101 was first described in WO 02/30879 A2. That document describes a multi-step method of synthesis which may conveniently be illustrated by the following scheme.

Scheme 1

Not isolated

ed on (A)

on (D)

d on (H)

There is a need for alternative methods for the synthesis of PXD101 and related compounds for example, methods which are simpler and/or employ fewer steps and/or permit higher yields and/or higher purity product.

Scheme 5

DMAP, toluene

Synthesis 1 3-Bromo-N-phenyl-benzenesulfonamide (3)

To a 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was charged aniline (2) (4.01 kg; 93.13 g/mol; 43 mol), toluene (25 L), and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) (12 g), and the mixture was heated to 50-60⁰C. 3-Bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1) (5 kg; 255.52 g/mol; 19.6 mol) was charged into the reactor over 30 minutes at 50-60⁰C and progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC. After 19 hours, toluene (5 L) was added due to losses overnight through the vent line and the reaction was deemed to be complete with no compound (1) being detected by HPLC. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (10 L) and then quenched with 2 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (20 L). The organic and aqueous layers were separated, the aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed with water (20 L), and then 5% (w/w) sodium bicarbonate solution (20 L), while maintaining the batch temperature at 45-55°C. The batch was then used in the next synthesis.

Synthesis 2 (E)-3-(3-Phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid ethyl ester (5)

To the batch containing 3-bromo-N-phenyl-benzenesulfonamide (3) (the treated organic layer obtained in the previous synthesis) was added triethylamine (2.97 kg; 101.19 g/mol; 29.4 mol), tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (119 g; 304.37 g/mol; 0.4 mol), and palladium (II) acetate (44 g; 224.51 g/mol; 0.2 mol), and the resulting mixture was degassed four times with a vacuum/nitrogen purge at 45-55°C. Catalytic palladium (0) was formed in situ. The batch was then heated to 80-90⁰C and ethyl acrylate (4) (2.16 kg; 100.12 g/mol; 21.6 mol) was slowly added over 2.75 hours. The batch was sampled after a further 2 hours and was deemed to be complete with no compound (3) being detected by HPLC. The batch was cooled to 45-55°C and for convenience was left at this temperature overnight.

The batch was then reduced in volume under vacuum to 20-25 L, at a batch temperature of 45-55°C, and ethyl acetate (20 L) was added. The batch was filtered and the residue washed with ethyl acetate (3.5 L). The residue was discarded and the filtrates were sent to a 100 gallon (-454 L) reactor, which had been pre-heated to 60⁰C. The 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was then cleaned to remove any residual Pd, while the batch in the 100 gallon (-454 L) reactor was washed with 2 M aqueous hydrochloric acid and water at 45-55°C. Once the washes were complete and the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was clean, the batch was transferred from the 100 gallon (-454 L) reactor back to the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor and the solvent was swapped under vacuum from ethyl acetate/toluene to toluene while maintaining a batch temperature of 45-55°C (the volume was reduced to 20-25 L). At this point, the batch had precipitated and heptanes (10 L) were added to re-dissolve it. The batch was then cooled to 0-10⁰C and held at this temperature over the weekend in order to precipitate the product. The batch was filtered and the residue was washed with heptanes (5 L). A sample of the wet-cake was taken for Pd analysis. The Pd content of the crude product (5) was determined to be 12.9 ppm.

The wet-cake was then charged back into the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor along with ethyl acetate (50 L) and heated to 40-50⁰C in order to obtain a solution. A sparkler filter loaded with 12 impregnated Darco G60® carbon pads was then connected to the reactor and the solution was pumped around in a loop through the sparkler filter. After 1 hour, a sample was taken and evaporated to dryness and analysed for Pd content. The amount of Pd was found to be 1.4 ppm. A second sample was taken after 2 hours and evaporated to dryness and analysed for Pd content. The amount of Pd had been reduced to 0.6 ppm. The batch was blown back into the reactor and held at 40-50⁰C overnight before the solvent was swapped under vacuum from ethyl acetate to toluene while maintaining a batch temperature of 45-55°C (the volume was reduced to 20-25 L). At this point, the batch had precipitated and heptanes (10 L) were added to re-dissolve it and the batch was cooled to 0-10⁰C and held at this temperature overnight in order to precipitate the product. The batch was filtered and the residue was washed with heptanes (5 L). The filtrate was discarded and the residue was dried at 45-55°C under vacuum for 25 hours. A first lot of the title compound (5) was obtained as an off-white solid (4.48 kg, 69% overall yield from 3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1)) with a Pd content of 0.4 ppm and a purity of 99.22% (AUC) by HPLC.

Synthesis 3 (E)-3-(3-Phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrvlic acid (6)

To the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was charged the (E)-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)- acrylic acid ethyl ester (5) (4.48 kg; 331.39 g/mol; 13.5 mol) along with 2 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (17.76 L; -35 mol). The mixture was heated to 40-50°C and held at this temperature for 2 hours before sampling, at which point the reaction was deemed to be complete with no compound (5) being detected by HPLC. The batch was adjusted to pH 2.2 using 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid while maintaining the batch temperature between 40-50⁰C. The product had precipitated and the batch was cooled to 20-30⁰C and held at this temperature for 1 hour before filtering and washing the cake with water (8.9 L). The filtrate was discarded. The batch was allowed to condition on the filter overnight before being charged back into the reactor and slurried in water (44.4 L) at 40-50⁰C for 2 hours. The batch was cooled to 15-20°C, held for 1 hour, and then filtered and the residue washed with water (8.9 L). The filtrate was discarded. The crude title compound (6) was transferred to an oven for drying at 45-55°C under vacuum with a slight nitrogen bleed for 5 days (this was done for convenience) to give a white solid (3.93 kg, 97% yield). The moisture content of the crude material was measured using Karl Fischer (KF) titration and found to be <0.1% (w/w). To the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was charged the crude compound (6) along with acetonitrile (47.2 L). The batch was heated to reflux (about 80°C) and held at reflux for 2 hours before cooling to 0-10°C and holding at this temperature overnight in order to precipitate the product. The batch was filtered and the residue was washed with cold acetonitrile (7.9 L). The filtrate was discarded and the residue was dried under vacuum at 45-55°C for 21.5 hours. The title compound (6) was obtained as a fluffy white solid (3.37 kg, 84% yield with respect to compound (5)) with a purity of 99.89% (AUC) by HPLC.

Synthesis 4 (E)-N-Hvdroxy-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylamide (PXD101) BELINOSTAT

To the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was charged (E)-3-(3-phenylsulfamoyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (6) (3.37 kg; 303.34 g/mol; 11.1 mol) and a pre-mixed solution of 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in isopropyl acetate (IPAc) (27 g in 30 L; 152.24 g/mol; 0.18 mol). The slurry was stirred and thionyl chloride (SOCI₂) (960 mL; density ~1.631 g/mL; 118.97 g/mol; -13 mol) was added to the reaction mixture and the batch was stirred at 20-30⁰C overnight. After 18.5 hours, the batch was sampled and deemed to be complete with no compound (6) being detected by HPLC. The resulting solution was transferred to a 100 L Schott reactor for temporary storage while the

30 gallon (-136 L) reactor was rinsed with isopropyl acetate (IPAc) and water. Deionized water (28.9 L) was then added to the 30 gallon (-136 L) reactor followed by 50% (w/w) hydroxylamine (6.57 L; -1.078 g/mL; 33.03 g/mol; -214 mol) and another charge of deionized water (1.66 L) to rinse the lines free of hydroxylamine to make a 10% (w/w) hydroxylamine solution. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (6.64 L) was then charged to the

30 gallon (-136 L) reactor and the mixture was stirred and cooled to 0-10⁰C. The acid chloride solution (from the 100 L Schott reactor) was then slowly charged into the hydroxylamine solution over 1 hour maintaining a batch temperature of 0-10°C during the addition. The batch was then allowed to warm to 20-30⁰C. The aqueous layer was separated and discarded. The organic layer was then reduced in volume under vacuum while maintaining a batch temperature of less than 30⁰C. The intention was to distill out 10-13 L of solvent, but this level was overshot. A larger volume of isopropyl acetate (IPAc) (16.6 L) was added and about 6 L of solvent was distilled out. The batch had precipitated and heptanes (24.9 L) were added and the batch was held at 20-30°C overnight. The batch was filtered and the residue was washed with heptanes (6.64 L). The filtrate was discarded and the residue was dried at 45-55°C under vacuum with a slight nitrogen bleed over the weekend. The title compound (PXD101) was obtained as a light orange solid (3.11 kg, 89% yield with respect to compound (6)) with a purity of 99.25% (AUC) by HPLC.

The title compound (PXD101) (1.2 kg, 3.77 mol) was dissolved in 8 volumes of 1:1 (EtOH/water) at 60⁰C. Sodium bicarbonate (15.8 g, 5 mol%) was added to the solution. Water (HPLC grade) was then added at a rate of 65 mL/min while keeping the internal temperature >57°C. After water (6.6 L) had been added, crystals started to form and the water addition was stopped. The reaction mixture was then cooled at a rate of 10°C/90 min to a temperature of 0-10^cC and then stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The crystals were then filtered and collected. The filter cake was washed by slurrying in water (2 x 1.2 L) and then dried in an oven at 45°C for 60 hours with a slight nitrogen bleed. 1.048 kg (87% recovery) of a light orange solid was recovered. Microscopy and XRPD data showed a conglomerate of irregularly shaped birefringant crystalline particles. The compound was found to contain 0.02% water.

As discussed above: the yield of compound (5) with respect to compound (1) was 69%. the yield of compound (6) with respect to compound (5) was 84%. the yield of PXD101 with respect to compound (6) was 89%.

……………….

FORMULATION

WO2006120456A1

Formulation Studies

These studies demonstrate a substantial enhancement of HDACi solubility (on the order of a 500-fold increase for PXD-101) using one or more of: cyclodextrin, arginine, and meglumine. The resulting compositions are stable and can be diluted to the desired target concentration without the risk of precipitation. Furthermore, the compositions have a pH that, while higher than ideal, is acceptable for use.

UV Absorbance

The ultraviolet (UV absorbance E\ value for PXD-101 was determined by plotting a calibration curve of PXD-101 concentration in 50:50 methanol/water at the λ_max for the material, 269 nm. Using this method, the E¹i value was determined as 715.7.

Methanol/water was selected as the subsequent diluting medium for solubility studies rather than neat methanol (or other organic solvent) to reduce the risk of precipitation of the cyclodextrin.

Solubility in Demineralised Water

The solubility of PXD-101 was determined to be 0.14 mg/mL for demineralised water. Solubility Enhancement with Cvclodextrins

Saturated samples of PXD-101 were prepared in aqueous solutions of two natural cyclodextrins (α-CD and γ-CD) and hydroxypropyl derivatives of the α, β and Y cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD and HP-γ-CD). All experiments were completed with cyclodextrin concentrations of 250 mg/mL, except for α-CD, where the solubility of the cyclodextrin was not sufficient to achieve this concentration. The data are summarised in the following table. HP-β-CD offers the best solubility enhancement for PXD-101.

Phase Solubility Determination of HP-β-CD

The phase solubility diagram for HP-β-CD was prepared for concentrations of cyclodextrin between 50 and 500 mg/mL (5-50% w/v). The calculated saturated solubilities of the complexed HDACi were plotted against the concentration of cyclodextrin. See Figure 1.

………………………..

Links

Plumb, Jane A.; Finn, Paul W.; Williams, Robert J.; Bandara, Morwenna J.; Romero, M. Rosario; Watkins, Claire J.; La Thangue, Nicholas B.; Brown, Robert (2003). “Pharmacodynamic Response and Inhibition of Growth of Human Tumor Xenografts by the Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor PXD101”. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2 (8): 721–728. PMID 12939461.
“CuraGen Corporation (CRGN) and TopoTarget A/S Announce Presentation of Belinostat Clinical Trial Results at AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference”. October 2007.
Final Results of a Phase II Trial of Belinostat (PXD101) in Patients with Recurrent or Refractory Peripheral or Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, December 2009
“Spectrum adds to cancer pipeline with $350M deal.”. February 2010.
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2005 , vol. 88, 7 PG. 1630 – 1657, MP 172
WO2009/40517 A2, ….
WO2006/120456 A1, …..
Synthetic Communications, 2010 , vol. 40, 17 PG. 2520 – 2524, MP 172
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011 , vol. 54, 13 PG. 4694 – 4720, NMR IN SUP INFO


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US2005107445	5-20-2005	Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as HDAC inhibitors
US6888027	5-4-2005	Carbamic acid compounds comprising a sulfonamide linkage as hdac inhibitors

WO2002030879A2	Sep 27, 2001	Apr 18, 2002	Prolifix Ltd	Carbamic acid compounds comprising asulfonamide linkage as hdac inhibitors

US7973181	7-6-2011	HYDROXAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF HDAC ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
US7928081	4-20-2011	Combined Use of Prame Inhibitors and Hdac Inhibitors
US2011077305	3-32-2011	5-LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITORS
US2011003777	1-7-2011	Methods of Treatment Employing Prolonged Continuous Infusion of Belinostat
US2010286279	11-12-2010	Methods of Synthesis of Certain Hydroxamic Acid Compounds
US2010190694	7-30-2010	Methods for identifying patients who will respond well to cancer treatment
US2010010010	1-15-2010	HDAC INHIBITORS
US2009312311	12-18-2009	COMBINATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
US2009192211	7-31-2009	CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITOR/HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR COMBINATION
US7557140	7-8-2009	CARBAMIC ACID COMPOUNDS COMPRISING A SULFONAMIDE LINKAGE AS HDAC INHIBITORS

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GB2312674A *				Title not available

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WO2008090585A2 *	Jan 25, 2008	Jul 31, 2008	Univ Roma	Soluble forms of inclusion complexes of histone deacetylase inhibitors and cyclodextrins, their preparation processes and uses in the pharmaceutical field
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………………………..

SPECTRUM

Tiny Biotech With Three Cancer Drugs Is More Alluring Takeover Bet Now
Forbes
The drug is one of Spectrum’s two drugs undergoing phase 3 clinical trials. Allergan paid Spectrum $41.5 million and will make additional payments of up to $304 million based on achieving certain milestones. So far, Raj Shrotriya, Spectrum’s chairman, …

http://www.forbes.com/sites/genemarcial/2013/07/14/tiny-biotech-with-three-cancer-drugs-is-more-alluring-takeover-bet-now/

……………………………..

Copenhagen, December 10, 2013

Topotarget announces the submission of a New Drug Application (NDA) for belinostat for the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The NDA has been filed for Accelerated Approval with a request for Priority Review. Response from the FDA regarding acceptance to file is expected within 60 days from the FDA receipt date.

read all this here

…………………….

SEE COMPILATION ON SIMILAR COMPOUNDS AT …………..http://drugsynthesisint.blogspot.in/p/nostat-series.html

FDA grants orphan drug designation to Insys Therapeutics’ pharmaceutical cannabidiol

July 1, 2014 3:48 am / Leave a comment

Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-[(1R,6R)-6-isopropenyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol
Clinical data
Trade names	Epidiolex
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Legal status	Schedule I (US)Schedule II (Can)(THC – Schedule/Level I; THC and CBD two main chemicals in cannabis)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	13-19% (oral),^[1] 11-45% (mean 31%; inhaled)^[2]
Half-life	9 h^[1]
Identifiers
CAS number	13956-29-1
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID 644019
ChemSpider	24593618
UNII	19GBJ60SN5
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₁H₃₀O₂
Mol. mass	314.4636

Physical data
Melt. point	66 °C (151 °F)
Boiling point	180 °C (356 °F) (range: 160–180 °C)^[3]

FDA grants orphan drug designation to Insys Therapeutics’ pharmaceutical cannabidiol – Pharmaceutical Technology

US-based specialty pharmaceutical company Insys Therapeutics has obtained orphan drug designation from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its pharmaceutical cannabidiol for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.

Insys Therapeutics president and CEO Michael Babich said: “With no cure and persistence of seizures with current antiepileptic medications, the orphan drug designation recognises the significant, unmet need that exists among children with this severe form of epilepsy and the teams who provide their care.

“We have the unique opportunity to test a controlled pharmaceutical CBD product for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, and our company is committed to advancing cannabinoid therapies that have the potential to provide significant medical benefits to patients across multiple indications.

“With no cure and persistence of seizures with current antiepileptic medications, the orphan drug designation recognises the significant, unmet need that exists among children with this severe form of epilepsy and the teams who provide their care.”

“We expect to file an investigational new drug application (IND) for CBD in the second half of 2014.”

http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newsfda-grants-orphan-drug-designation-to-insys-therapeutics-pharmaceutical-cannabidiol-4303148

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of at least 60 active cannabinoids identified in cannabis.^[4] It is a major phytocannabinoid, accounting for up to 40% of the plant’s extract.^[5] CBD is considered to have a wider scope of medical applications than tetrahydrocannabinol(THC).^[5] An orally-administered liquid containing CBD has received orphan drug status in the US, for use as a treatment for dravet syndrome under the brand name, Epidiolex.^[6]

Clinical applications

The bud of a Cannabis sativa flower coated with trichomes

Antimicrobial actions

CBD absorbed transcutaneously may attenuate the increased sebum production at the root of acne, according to an untested hypothesis.^[7]

Neurological effects

A 2010 study found that strains of cannabis containing higher concentrations of cannabidiol did not produce short-term memory impairment vs. strains with similar concentrations of THC, but lower concentrations of CBD. The researchers attributed this attenuation of memory effects to CBD’s role as a CB₁ antagonist. Transdermal CBD is neuroprotective in animals.^[8]

Cannabidiol’s strong antioxidant properties have been shown to play a role in the compound’s neuroprotective and anti-ischemiceffects.^[9]

Parkinson’s disease

It has been proposed that CBD may help people with Parkinson’s disease, but promising results in animal experiments were not confirmed when CBD was trialled in humans.^[10]

Psychotropic effect

CBD has anti-psychotic effects and may counteract the potential psychotomimetic effects of THC on individuals with latentschizophrenia;^[5] some reports show it to be an alternative treatment for schizophrenia that is safe and well-tolerated.^[11] Studies have shown CBD may reduce schizophrenic symptoms due to its apparent ability to stabilize disrupted or disabled NMDA receptor pathways in the brain, which are shared and sometimes contested by norepinephrine and GABA.^[11]^[12] Leweke et al. performed a double blind, 4 week, explorative controlled clinical trial to compare the effects of purified cannabidiol and the atypical antipsychoticamisulpride on improving the symptoms of schizophrenia in 42 patients with acute paranoid schizophrenia. Both treatments were associated with a significant decrease of psychotic symptoms after 2 and 4 weeks as assessed by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale andPositive and Negative Syndrome Scale. While there was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups, cannabidiol induced significantly fewer side effects (extrapyramidal symptoms, increase in prolactin, weight gain) when compared to amisulpride.^[13]

Studies have shown cannabidiol decreases activity of the limbic system^[14] and decreases social isolation induced by THC.^[15] Cannabidiol has also been shown to reduce anxiety in social anxiety disorder.^[16]^[17] However, chronic cannabidiol administration in rats was recently found to produce anxiogenic-like effects, indicating that prolonged treatment with cannabidiol might incite anxiogenic effects.^[18]

Cannabidiol has demonstrated antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression.^[19]^[20]^[21]

Cancer

The American Cancer Society says: “There is no available scientific evidence from controlled studies in humans that cannabinoids can cure or treat cancer.”^[22] Laboratory experiments have been performed on the potential use of cannabinoids for cancer therapy but as of 2013 results have been contradictory and knowledge remains poor.^[23] Cannabinoids have been recommended for cancer pain but the adverse effects may make them a less than ideal treatment; two cannabinoid-based medicines have been approved as a backup remedy for nausea associated withchemotherapy.^[4]

Dravet syndrome

CBD-enhanced cannabis

Decades ago, selective breeding by growers in US dramatically lowered the CBD content of cannabis; their customers preferred varietals that were more mind-altering due to a higher THC, lower CBD content.^[27] To meet the demands of medical cannabis patients, growers are currently developing more CBD-rich strains.^[28]

In November 2012, Tikun Olam, an Israeli medical cannabis facility announced a new strain of the plant which has only cannabidiol as an active ingredient, and virtually no THC, providing some of the medicinal benefits of cannabis without the euphoria.^[29]^[30] The researchers said the cannabis plant, enriched with CBD, “can be used for treating diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, liver inflammation, heart disease and diabetes”. Research on CBD enhanced cannabis began in 2009, resulting in Avidekel, a cannabis strain that contains 15.8% CBD and less than 1% THC. Raphael Mechoulam, a cannabinoid researcher, said “…Avidekel is thought to be the first CBD-enriched cannabis plant with no THC to have been developed in Israel”.^[31]

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Cannabidiol has a very low affinity for CB₁ and CB₂ receptors but acts as an indirect antagonist of their agonists.^[9] While one would assume that this would cause cannabidiol to reduce the effects of THC, it may potentiate THC’s effects by increasing CB₁ receptor density or through another CB₁-related mechanism.^[32] It is also an inverse agonist of CB₂receptors.^[9]^[33] Recently, it was found to be an antagonist at the putative new cannabinoid receptor, GPR55, a GPCR expressed in the caudate nucleus and putamen.^[34]Cannabidiol has also been shown to act as a 5-HT_1A receptor agonist,^[35] an action which is involved in its antidepressant,^[19]^[36] anxiolytic,^[36]^[37] and neuroprotective^[38]^[39]effects. Cannabidiol is an allosteric modulator of μ and δ-opioid receptors.^[40] Cannabidiol’s pharmacologial effects have also been attributed to PPAR-γ receptor agonism andintracellular calcium release.^[5]

Pharmacokinetic interactions

There is some preclinical evidence to suggest that cannabidiol may reduce THC clearance, modestly increasing THC’s plasma concentrations resulting in a greater amount of THC available to receptors, increasing the effect of THC in a dose-dependent manner.^[41]^[42] Despite this the available evidence in humans suggests no significant effect of CBD on THC plasma levels.^[43]

Pharmaceutical preparations

Nabiximols (USAN, trade name Sativex) is an aerosolized mist for oral administration containing a near 1:1 ratio of CBD and THC. The drug was approved by Canadian authorities in 2005 to alleviate pain associated with multiple sclerosis.^[44]^[45]^[46]

Isomerism

7 double bond isomers and their 30 stereoisomers
Formal numbering			Terpenoid numbering		Number of stereoisomers	Natural occurrence	Convention on Psychotropic SubstancesSchedule	Structure
Short name	Chiral centers	Full name	Short name	Chiral centers	Number of stereoisomers	Natural occurrence	Convention on Psychotropic SubstancesSchedule	Structure
Δ⁵-cannabidiol	1 and 3	2-(6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-5-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol	Δ⁴-cannabidiol	1 and 3	4	No	unscheduled
Δ⁴-cannabidiol	1, 3 and 6	2-(6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-4-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol	Δ⁵-cannabidiol	1, 3 and 4	8	No	unscheduled
Δ³-cannabidiol	1 and 6	2-(6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol	Δ⁶-cannabidiol	3 and 4	4	?	unscheduled
Δ^3,7-cannabidiol	1 and 6	2-(6-isopropenyl-3-methylenecyclohex-1-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol	Δ^1,7-cannabidiol	3 and 4	4	No	unscheduled
Δ²-cannabidiol	1 and 6	2-(6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol	Δ¹-cannabidiol	3 and 4	4	Yes	unscheduled
Δ¹-cannabidiol	3 and 6	2-(6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol	Δ²-cannabidiol	1 and 4	4	No	unscheduled
Δ⁶-cannabidiol	3	2-(6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-6-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol	Δ³-cannabidiol	1	2	No	unscheduled

Based on: Nagaraja, Kodihalli Nanjappa, Synthesis of delta-3-cannabidiol and the derived rigid analogs, Arizona University 1987.

Chemistry

Cannabidiol is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, such as pentane. At room temperature it is a colorless crystalline solid.^[47] In strongly basic medium and the presence of air it is oxidized to a quinone.^[48] Under acidic conditions it cyclizes to THC.^[49] The synthesis of cannabidiol has been accomplished by several research groups.^[50]^[51]^[52]

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2005/ob/b416943c#!divAbstract

https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1964-01-01_4_page005.html

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2005/ob/b416943c#!divAbstract

Biosynthesis

Cannabis produces CBD-carboxylic acid through the same metabolic pathway as THC, until the last step, where CBDA synthase performs catalysis instead of THCA synthase.^[53]

Legal status

Cannabidiol is not scheduled by the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Cannabidiol is a Schedule II drug in Canada.^[54]

Cannabidiol’s legal status in the United States:

The DEA Drug Schedule classifies synthetic THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) as a schedule III substance (eg Marinol); while the natural marijuana plant is listed as Schedule I. Cannabidiol is not named specifically on the list.^[55] However the CSA does mention all natural Phytocannabinoids in Schedule 1 Code 7372, which would include CBD.^[55]

Marijuana (along with all of its cannabinoids) is defined by 21 U.S.C. §802(16), which is part of the Controlled Substances Act.^[56]^[57]^[58] There is an exemption for certain Hemp products produced abroad. Under this exception, what are known as industrial hemp-finished products are legally imported into the United States each year. Hemp finished products which meet the specific definitions including hemp oil which may contain cannabidiol are legal in the United States but aren’t used for getting high.^[59]

Some cannabidiol oil is derived from marijuana and therefore contains higher levels of THC.^[60] This type of cannabidiol oil would be considered a Schedule I as a result of the THC present.^[60]

US patent

In October 2003, U.S. patent #6630507 entitled “Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants” was assigned to “The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services.” The patent was filed in April 1999 and listed as the inventors: Aidan J. Hampson, Julius Axelrod, and Maurizio Grimaldi, who all held positions at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in Bethesda, MD, which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The patent mentions cannabidiol’s ability as an antiepileptic, to lower intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma, lack of toxicity or serious side effects in large acute doses, its neuroprotectant properties, its ability to prevent neurotoxicity mediated by NMDA, AMPA, or kainate receptors; its ability to attenuate glutamate toxicity, its ability to protect against cellular damage, its ability to protect brains from ischemic damage, its anxiolytic effect, and its superior antioxidant activity which can be used in the prophylaxis and treatment of oxidation associated diseases.^[61]

“

“Oxidative associated diseases include, without limitation, free radical associated diseases, such as ischemia, ischemic reperfusion injury, inflammatory diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocardial ischemia or infarction, cerebrovascular accidents (such as a thromboembolic or hemorrhagic stroke) that can lead to ischemia or an infarct in the brain, operative ischemia, traumatic hemorrhage (for example a hypovolemic stroke that can lead to CNS hypoxia or anoxia), spinal cord trauma, Down’s syndrome, Crohn’s disease, autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes), cataract formation, uveitis, emphysema, gastric ulcers, oxygen toxicity, neoplasia, undesired cellular apoptosis, radiation sickness, and others. The present invention is believed to be particularly beneficial in the treatment of oxidative associated diseases of the CNS, because of the ability of the cannabinoids to cross the blood brain barrier and exert their antioxidant effects in the brain. In particular embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used for preventing, arresting, or treating neurological damage in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and HIV dementia; autoimmune neurodegeneration of the type that can occur in encephalitis, and hypoxic or anoxic neuronal damage that can result from apnea, respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest, and anoxia caused by drowning, brain surgery or trauma (such as concussion or spinal cord shock).”^[61]

”

On November 17, 2011, the Federal Register published that the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services was “contemplating the grant of an exclusive patent license to practice the invention embodied in U.S. Patent 6,630,507” to the company KannaLife based in New York, for the development and sale of cannabinoid and cannabidiol based therapeutics for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in humans.^[62]^[63]^[64]

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Controlled Drugs and Substances Act – Schedule II
CSA Schedule, List of drugs by schedule.
Definition of marijuana under the Controlled Substances Act.
Title 21 US Code Controlled Substances Act, text of the CSA.
Hemp Industries Assn., v. Drug Enforcement Admin., 9th Circuit Court of Appeals case involving industrial hemp.
Hemp, Many definitions of common terms associated with hemp, including the history of hemp use.
Cannabidiol: The side of marijuana you don’t know
US patent 6630507, Hampson, Aidan J.; Axelrod, Julius; Grimaldi, Maurizio, “Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants”, issued 2003-10-07
“Federal Register | Prospective Grant of Exclusive License: Development of Cannabinoid(s) and Cannabidiol(s) Based Therapeutics To Treat Hepatic Encephalopathy in Humans”. Federalregister.gov. November 17, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
“KannaLife Sciences, Inc. Signs Exclusive License Agreement With National Institutes Of Health Office Of Technology Transfer (NIH-OTT)”. thestreet.com. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
“KannaLife in R&D Collaboration for Cannabinoid-Based Drugs”. Genengnews.com. Retrieved 2013-04-04.

External links

Project CBD Non-profit educational service dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical utility of cannabidiol.

OLD CUT PASTE


Cannabidiol

Seven Expanded Access INDs granted by FDA to U.S. 
physicians to treat with Epidiolex 125 children suffering 
from intractable epilepsy syndromes -

LONDON, Nov. 15, 2013

GW Pharmaceuticals plc (AIM: GWP, Nasdaq: GWPH, “GW”) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted orphan drug designation for Epidiolex(R), our product candidate that contains plant-derived Cannabidiol (CBD) as its active ingredient, for use in treating children with Dravet syndrome, a rare and severe form of infantile-onset, genetic, drug-resistant epilepsy syndrome. Epidiolex is an oral liquid formulation of a highly purified extract of CBD, a non-psychoactive molecule from the cannabis plant. Following receipt of this orphan designation, GW anticipates holding a pre-IND meeting with the FDA in the near future to discuss a development plan for Epidiolex in Dravet syndrome.

Dravet syndrome is a rare pediatric epilepsy syndrome with a distinctive but complex electroclinical presentation. Onset of Dravet syndrome occurs during the first year of life with clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in previously healthy and developmentally normal infants. Prognosis is poor and patients typically develop intellectual disability and life-long ongoing seizures. There are approximately 5,440 patients with Dravet in the United States and an estimated 6,710 Dravet patients in Europe. These figures may be an underestimate as this syndrome is reportedly underdiagnosed.

In addition to GW’s clinical development program for Epidiolex in Dravet syndrome, which is expected to commence in 2014, GW has also made arrangements to enable independent U.S. pediatric epilepsy specialists to treat high need pediatric epilepsy cases with Epidiolex immediately. To date in 2013, a total of seven “expanded access” INDs have been granted by the FDA to U.S. clinicians to allow treatment with Epidiolex of approximately 125 children with epilepsy. These children suffer from Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and other pediatric epilepsy syndromes. GW is aware of further interest from additional U.S. and ex-U.S. physicians to host similar INDs for Epidiolex. GW expects data generated under these INDs to provide useful observational data during 2014 on the effect of Epidiolex in the treatment of a range of pediatric epilepsy syndromes.

“I, together with many colleagues in the U.S. who specialize in the treatment of childhood epilepsy, very much welcome the opportunity to investigate Epidiolex in the treatment of Dravet syndrome. The FDA’s timely approval of the orphan drug designation for Epidiolex in Dravet syndrome is a key milestone that comes after many years of reported clinical cases that suggest encouraging evidence of efficacy for CBD in this intractable condition,” stated Dr. Orrin Devinsky, Professor of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry in New York City. “With GW now making plans to advance Epidiolex through an FDA development program, we have the prospect for the first time of fully understanding the science of CBD in epilepsy with a view to making an appropriately tested and approved prescription medicine available in the future for children who suffer from this debilitating disease.”

“GW is proud to be at the forefront of this important new program to treat children with Dravet Syndrome and potentially other forms of intractable childhood epilepsy. For families in these circumstances, their lives are significantly impacted by constant and often times very severe seizures in children where all options to control these seizures have been exhausted,” stated Dr. Stephen Wright, GW’s R&D Director. “GW intends to advance a full clinical development program for Epidiolex in Dravet syndrome as quickly as possible, whilst at the same time helping families in the short term through supporting physician-led INDs to treat intractable cases. Through its efforts, GW aims to provide the necessary evidence to confirm the promise of CBD in epilepsy and ultimately enabling children to have access to an FDA-approved prescription CBD medicine.”

“This orphan program for Epidiolex in childhood epilepsy is an important corporate strategic priority for GW. Following receipt of today’s orphan designation, GW now intends to commence discussions with the FDA regarding the U.S. regulatory pathway for Epidiolex,” stated Justin Gover, GW’s Chief Executive Officer. “GW intends to pursue this development in-house and retains full commercial rights to Epidiolex.”

About Orphan Drug Designation

Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition — generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the U.S. The first NDA applicant to receive FDA approval for a particular active ingredient to treat a particular disease with FDA orphan drug designation is entitled to a seven-year exclusive marketing period in the U.S. for that product, for that indication.

About GW Pharmaceuticals plc

Founded in 1998, GW is a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing novel therapeutics from its proprietary cannabinoid product platform in a broad range of disease areas. GW commercialized the world’s first plant-derived cannabinoid prescription drug, Sativex(R), which is approved for the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis in 22 countries. Sativex is also in Phase 3 clinical development as a potential treatment of pain in people with advanced cancer. This Phase 3 program is intended to support the submission of a New Drug Application for Sativex in cancer pain with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and in other markets around the world. GW has established a world leading position in the development of plant-derived cannabinoid therapeutics and has a deep pipeline of additional clinical-stage cannabinoid product candidates targeting epilepsy (including an orphan pediatric epilepsy program), Type 2 diabetes, ulcerative colitis, glioma and schizophrenia. For further information, please visit http://www.gwpharm.com.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of at least 85 cannabinoids found in cannabis.It is a major constituent of the plant, second totetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and represents up to 40% in its extracts. Compared with THC, cannabidiol is not psychoactive in healthy individuals, and is considered to have a wider scope of medical applications than THC, including to epilepsy, multiple sclerosis spasms, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder,schizophrenia,nausea, convulsion and inflammation, as well as inhibiting cancer cell growth. There is some preclinical evidence from studies in animals that suggests CBD may modestly reduce the clearance of THC from the body by interfering with its metabolism.Cannabidiol has displayed sedative effects in animal tests. Other research indicates that CBD increases alertness. CBD has been shown to reduce growth of aggressive human breast cancer cells in vitro, and to reduce their invasiveness.

DARA BioSciences receives FDA orphan drug designation for KRN5500 (SPK 241) …..Antitumor agent

June 20, 2014 4:10 am / Leave a comment

KRN5500

Antitumor agent

151276-95-8 cas

IUPAC/Chemical name:

(2E,4E)-N-(2-(((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-((7H-purin-6-yl)amino)-2-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)tetradeca-2,4-dienamide

C28H43N7O7

Exact Mass: 589.32240

L-glycero-beta-L-manno-Heptopyranosylamine, 4-deoxy-4-((((1-oxo-2,4-tetradecadienyl)amino)acetyl)amino)-N-1H-purin-6-yl-, (E,E)-

L-glycero-beta-L-manno-Heptopyranosylamine, 4-deoxy-4-(((((2E,4E)-1-oxo-2,4-tetradecadienyl)amino)acetyl)amino)-N-1H-purin-6-yl-

(6-[4-Deoxy-4-[(2E,4E)-tetradecadienoylglycyl]amino-L-glycero-ß-L-manno-heptopyranosyl]amino-9H-purine)

NSC-650426, SPK-241, KRN-5500

N6-[4-Deoxy-4-[N2-[2(E),4(E)-tetradecadienoyl]glycylamino]-L-glycero-beta-L-manno-heptopyranosyl]adenine; N6-[4-Deoxy-4-[2-[tetradeca-2(E),4(E)-dienamido]acetamido]-L-glycero-beta-L-manno-heptopyranosyl]adenine

Kirin Brewery (Originator), National Cancer Institute (Codevelopment)

http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/6/302.full.pdf

Antibiotics and Alkaloids, Antineoplastic Antibiotics, Colorectal Cancer Therapy, ONCOLYTIC DRUGS

- (1) Melting point: 182-183 °C,
- (2) Specific rotation [a]₀ ^2S = 0 (c = 0.1, in methanol),
- (3) Elementary analysis:
- (4) FD mass spectrum (m/z): 590 (M + H) , C₂₈H_{4 3}N₇0₇
- (5) Infrared spectrum (KBr disc): 3250 cm-¹, 1650 cm-¹, 1620 cm-¹,
- (6) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (500 MHz, in CD₃0D) δ_H: 0.89 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.20-1.50 (14H, m), 2.18 (2H, dt, J = 7.3, 7.3 Hz), 3.6-3.8 (5H, m), 3.95 (1 H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 3.98 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 4.00 (1H, dd, J = <1, 2.9 Hz), 4.15 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 10.8 Hz), 5.66 (1 H, brs), 5.98 (1 H, d, J = 15.7 Hz), 6.12 (1 H, dt, J = 7.3, 15.7 Hz), 6.22 (1 H, dd, J = 10.0, 15.7 Hz), 7.17 (1 H, dd, J = 10.0, 15.7 Hz), 8.15 (1 H, s), 8.30 (1 H, s).
- EP 0525479; JP 1993186494; US 5461036; US 5631238

DARA BioSciences receives FDA orphan drug designation for KRN5500
DARA BioSciences has received orphan drug designation from the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Office of Orphan Products Development for KRN5500, for treating multiple myeloma

http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newsdara-biosciences-receives-fda-orphan-drug-designation-for-krn5500-4295251?WT.mc_id=DN_News

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic cancer or cancer of the blood.

KRN5500 is a non-opioid, non-narcotic compound that is currently being tested in Phase I clinical trial.

Earlier this year, KRN5500 received orphan status to be developed for the parenteral treatment of painful, chronic, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CCIPN) that is refractory to conventional analgesics in patients with cancer.

“We believe this myeloma-specific orphan designation enhances both the viability and the future market opportunity for this valuable pipeline product.”

DARA BioSciences MD, CEO and chief medical officer David J Drutz said: “It is noteworthy in this regard that up to 20% of myeloma patients have intrinsic peripheral neuropathy, an incidence that increases to the range of 75% in patients treated with neurotoxic drugs such as thalidomide or bortezomib.

KRN5500 is a semisynthetic derivative of the nucleoside-like antineoplastic antibiotic spicamycin, originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus. KRN 5500 inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus functions. This agent also induces cell differentiation and caspase-dependent apoptosis.

KRN5500 is available as a solution for intravenous (IV) administration. KRN5500 was discovered in an effort to identify new agents that induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells.

Safety and efficacy data from Phase I trials have been leveraged to support DARA Therapeutics’ active IND and ongoing Phase 2a clinical trial. The objective of this Phase 2a feasibility study is to determine the potential of KRN5500 (a spicamycin analogue) to be a breakthrough medicine for the treatment of neuropathic pain in cancer patients.

Four clinical trials have been conducted in cancer patients, including one in Japan and 3 in the United States. Three of these studies are complete; the fourth was closed to patient accrual and treatment in December 2004.

A total of 91 patients with solid tumors have been treated with single IV KRN5500 doses of up to 21 mg/m2 and weekly doses of up to 42 mg/m2. While KRN5500 has not shown anti-cancer efficacy in any trial, its use in pain elimination is encouraging. (source: http://www.darabiosciences.com/krn5500.htm).

Chemical structures of KRN5500 and its known metabolites.

………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/EP0525479A1?cl=en

spk 241

6-[4′-N-(N’-trans,trans-2,4-tridecadienylglycyl)spicamynyl-amino]purine,
(20) SPK241:

Example 52: Preparation of SPK241

[0214]

To trans-2-dodecenal (4.5 g) dissolved in methylene chloride (80 ml) was added (carbomethoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane (8.3 g), and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was subjected to chromatography on a silica gel column with eluent systems of n-hexane- ethyl acetate (from 100:1 to 20:1) to give the methyl ester of trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid (5.4 g). Potassium hydroxide (6.5 g) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of ethanol-water (1:1) (100 ml). The methyl ester of trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid (5.4 g) was added to the mixture, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 40 minutes. After the reaction mixture was cooled, it was adjusted to the weak acidic range of pH with citric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to give trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid (4.4 g). Hereafter, the title compound can be synthesized by the two methods described below.
[0215]

In the first method, trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid (4.3 g) is first dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 50 ml). Para-nitrophenol (2.67 g) and N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (3.9 g) were added to trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid solution, and the mixture was stirred for 12 hours. After precipitates produced were removed by filtration and the solvent (DMF) was removed by distillation, the residue was subjected to chromatography on a silica gel column with eluent systems of n-hexane-ethyl acetate (from 200:1 to 50:1) to give the active ester of trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid (5.1 g). To the active ester (500 mg) dissolved in DMF (30 ml) were added 6-(4′-N-glycyl-spicamynyl-amino)purine hydrochloride (556 mg) and triethylamine (1.2 ml). The mixture was stirred for 12 hours. After the solvent was removed by distillation, the residue was subjected to chromatography on a silica gel column with eluent systems of chloroform-methanol (from 7:1 to 5:1) to give SPK241 in the yield of 398 mg.
[0216]

In the second method, trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid (99.6 g) was dissolved in thionyl chloride (87 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. The excessive thionyl chloride was removed by distillation to give trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid chloride (102.0 g). To glycine (66.8 g) dissolved in an aqueous 2N sodium hydroxide solution (540 ml) were added at the same time trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoic acid chloride (102.0 g) and 2N sodium hydroxide (270 ml) with 1/10 portions at a 3 minute interval. After the addition was completed, the mixture was warmed to room temperature, stirred for 15 minutes and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid (140 ml) under ice-cooling. Precipitates thus produced were collected by filtration and desiccated to give trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoyl glycine (75.0 g). To the solution of trans,trans-2,4-tetradecadienoyl glycine (4.7 g) and 6-(4′-N-glycyl-spicamynyl-amino)-purine (5.1 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 60 ml) was added N-hydroxysuccinimide (2.1 g), and the mixture was ice-cooled. 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (3.4 g) dissolved in DMF (100 ml) was added dropwise to the mixture. After the addition was completed, the mixture was heated to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. Water (500 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, and precipitates produced were collected by filtration and desiccated. Sodium methoxide (3.1 g) was added to a suspension of the precipitates in methanol (100 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature, then ice-cooled and acidified by adding dropwise thereto a 10% methanolic hydrochloric acid solution. Precipitates produced were filtered, dried and subjected to chromatography on a silica gel column with eluent systems of chloroform-methanol (from 7:1 to 5:1) to give SPK241 in the yield of 5.00 g.

Physicochemical properties of SPK241

[0217]
- (1) Melting point: 182-183 °C,
- (2) Specific rotation [a]₀ ^2S = 0 (c = 0.1, in methanol),
- (3) Elementary analysis:
- (4) FD mass spectrum (m/z): 590 (M + H) , C₂₈H_{4 3}N₇0₇
- (5) Infrared spectrum (KBr disc): 3250 cm-¹, 1650 cm-¹, 1620 cm-¹,
- (6) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (500 MHz, in CD₃0D) δ_H: 0.89 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.20-1.50 (14H, m), 2.18 (2H, dt, J = 7.3, 7.3 Hz), 3.6-3.8 (5H, m), 3.95 (1 H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 3.98 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 4.00 (1H, dd, J = <1, 2.9 Hz), 4.15 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 10.8 Hz), 5.66 (1 H, brs), 5.98 (1 H, d, J = 15.7 Hz), 6.12 (1 H, dt, J = 7.3, 15.7 Hz), 6.22 (1 H, dd, J = 10.0, 15.7 Hz), 7.17 (1 H, dd, J = 10.0, 15.7 Hz), 8.15 (1 H, s), 8.30 (1 H, s).

……………………………….

EP 0525479; JP 1993186494; US 5461036; US 5631238

Spicamycin derivs. and the use thereof

The hydrolysis of the spicamycin mixture (I) with R = alkyl by means of HCl in alcohol or water gives 6-(spicaminylamino)purine (II). (The hydrolysis can also be performed with other inorganic acids such as H2SO4 or organic ones such as acetic acid or formic acid.) The condensation of (II) with N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine (III) by the active ester method yields the protected glycyl derivative (IV), which is deprotected with TFA (or methanolic HCl) to afford the glycyl derivative (V). Finally, this compound is condensed with tetradeca-2(E),4(E)-dienoic acid (VI) by the active ester method to provide the target carboxamide derivative.

Otake, N.; Kawai, H.; Kawasaki, T.; Odagawa, A.; Kamishohara, M.; Sakai, T. (Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd.)

EP 0525479; JP 1993186494; US 5461036; US 5631238

…………….

DE3407979A1 *	Mar 3, 1984	Sep 6, 1984	Kirin Brewery	Spicamycin sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPS59161396A				Title not available
US3155647	Jul 24, 1963	Nov 3, 1964	Olin Mathieson	Septaciding and derivatives thereof
WO1990015811A1	Jun 14, 1990	Dec 27, 1990	Kirin Brewery	Spicamycin x and its use

EP1328236A2 *	Sep 20, 2001	Jul 23, 2003	The General Hospital Corporation	Methods of decreasing or preventing pain using spicamycin derivatives
EP2305264A1 *	Sep 20, 2001	Apr 6, 2011	The General Hospital Corporation	Spicamycin derivatives for use in decreasing or preventing pain
EP2349285A2 *	Oct 9, 2009	Aug 3, 2011	Dara Biosciences, Inc.	Methods for treating or preventing pain using spicamycin derivatives
EP2597082A1	Nov 24, 2011	May 29, 2013	Symrise AG	Compounds for masking an unpleasant taste
US5905069 *	Jan 26, 1998	May 18, 1999	The General Hospital Corporation	Methods of decreasing or preventing pain using spicamycin or derivatives thereof
US7196071	Sep 20, 2001	Mar 27, 2007	The General Hospital Corporation	Methods of decreasing or preventing pain using spicamycin derivatives
US7375094	Mar 15, 2007	May 20, 2008	The General Hospital Corporation	Produced via Streptomyces; antitumor agents; time-release agents; for opiod-resistant pain; drug screening
US7632825	Apr 30, 2008	Dec 15, 2009	Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation	Methods of decreasing or preventing pain using spicamycin derivatives

References

1: Mizumura Y. [Spicamycin derivative]. Nippon Rinsho. 2006 Feb;64(2):322-8. Review. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 16454188.

2: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;26(3):211-44. PubMed PMID: 15148527.

3: Borsook D, Edwards AD. Antineuropathic effects of the antibiotic derivative spicamycin KRN5500. Pain Med. 2004 Mar;5(1):104-8. PubMed PMID: 14996243.

4: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;25(10):831-55. PubMed PMID: 14735233.

5: Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Nov;25(9):747-71. PubMed PMID: 14685303.

6: Supko JG, Eder JP Jr, Ryan DP, Seiden MV, Lynch TJ, Amrein PC, Kufe DW, Clark JW. Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetic study of the spicamycin analog KRN5500 administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion for five consecutive days to patients with refractory solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Nov 1;9(14):5178-86. PubMed PMID: 14613997.

7: Yamamoto N, Tamura T, Kamiya Y, Ono H, Kondoh H, Shirao K, Matsumura Y, Tanigawara Y, Shimada Y. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of KRN5500, a spicamycin derivative, for patients with advanced solid tumors. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jun;33(6):302-8. PubMed PMID: 12913085.

8: Kobierski LA, Abdi S, DiLorenzo L, Feroz N, Borsook D. A single intravenous injection of KRN5500 (antibiotic spicamycin) produces long-term decreases in multiple sensory hypersensitivities in neuropathic pain. Anesth Analg. 2003 Jul;97(1):174-82, table of contents. PubMed PMID: 12818962.

9: Gadgeel SM, Boinpally RR, Heilbrun LK, Wozniak A, Jain V, Redman B, Zalupski M, Wiegand R, Parchment R, LoRusso PM. A phase I clinical trial of spicamycin derivative KRN5500 (NSC 650426) using a phase I accelerated titration “2B” design. Invest New Drugs. 2003 Feb;21(1):63-74. PubMed PMID: 12795531.

10: Byrd JC, Lucas DM, Mone AP, Kitner JB, Drabick JJ, Grever MR. KRN5500: a novel therapeutic agent with in vitro activity against human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells mediates cytotoxicity via the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Blood. 2003 Jun 1;101(11):4547-50. Epub 2003 Feb 20. PubMed PMID: 12595316.

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Design, Synthesis and Bioactivities Evaluation of Novel Quinazoline Analogs Containing Oxazole Units

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Mechanism of action

Clinical trials and approval

Phase 1 study

Phase 2 study: Proof of concept (2011)

DARWIN 1 trial

DARWIN 2 trial

DARWIN 3 trial

Time line

WO 2017012773

References

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17-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate

LPCN 1107: A Novel Oral Alternative

Synthesis

Notes

Sources

Cuisine of Tamil Nadu

Chettinad Cuisine

amcrasto@gmail.com

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Nintedanib esylate

Mechanism of action

Adverse effects

Studies

Clinical studies

MORE SYNTHESIS

Current clinical trials

PAPER

Nintedanib: From Discovery to the Clinic

PAPER

PATENT

PATENT

CLIPS

References

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Mechanism of action

References

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SAGE-547 is a GABA(A) receptor modulator in phase I/II clinical trials at Sage Therapeutics as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of adults with super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE).

July 22, 2014

Biosynthesis

Mechanism

Function

Therapeutic applications

References

Additional reading

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Organic Letters, 16(3), 792-795; 2014

References

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Clinical applications

Antimicrobial actions

Neurological effects

Psychotropic effect

Cancer

Dravet syndrome