IC50 value: 16 nM
Target: androgen receptor
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ODM 201, BAY 1841788; ODM-201
N-((S)-1-(3-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide
CAS 1297538-32-9
Chemical Formula: C19H19ClN6O2
Exact Mass: 398.1258
SYNTHESIS SEE BELOW
Phase III Prostate cancer


ODM-201 (also known as BAY-1841788) is a non-steroidal antiandrogen, specifically, a full and high-affinity antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), that is under development by Orion and Bayer HealthCare[1] for the treatment of advanced, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).[2][3]
Relative to enzalutamide (MDV3100 or Xtandi) and apalutamide (ARN-509), two other recent non-steroidal antiandrogens, ODM-201 shows some advantages.[3] ODM-201 appears to negligibly cross the blood-brain-barrier.[3] This is beneficial due to the reduced risk of seizures and other central side effects from off-target GABAA receptor inhibition that tends to occur in non-steroidal antiandrogens that are structurally similar to enzalutamide.[3] Moreover, in accordance with its lack of central penetration, ODM-201 does not seem to increase testosterone levels in mice or humans, unlike other non-steroidal antiandrogens.[3] Another advantage is that ODM-201 has been found to block the activity of all tested/well-known mutant ARs in prostate cancer, including the recently-identified clinically-relevant F876L mutation that produces resistance to enzalutamide and ARN-509.[3] Finally, ODM-201 shows higher affinity and inhibitory efficacy at the AR (Ki = 11 nM relative to 86 nM for enzalutamide and 93 nM for ARN-509; IC50 = 26 nM relative to 219 nM for enzalutamide and 200 nM for ARN-509) and greater potency/efficaciousness in non-clinical models of prostate cancer.[3]
ODM-201 has been studied in phase I and phase II clinical trials and has thus far been found to be effective and well-tolerated,[4] with the most commonly reported side effects including fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea.[5][6] No seizures have been observed.[6][7] As of July 2015, ODM-201 is in phase III trials for CRPC.[3]
ORM-15341 is the main active metabolite of ODM-201.[3] It, similarly, is a full antagonist of the AR, with an affinity (Ki) of 8 nM and an IC50 of 38 nM.[3]

ODM-201 is a new-generation, potent and selective androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor which is potential useful for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ODM-201 is a full and high-affinity AR antagonist that, similar to second-generation antiandrogens enzalutamide and ARN-509, inhibits testosterone-induced nuclear translocation of AR. Importantly, ODM-201 also blocks the activity of the tested mutant ARs arising in response to antiandrogen therapies, including the F876L mutation that confers resistance to enzalutamide and ARN-509. In addition, ODM-201 reduces the growth of AR-overexpressing VCaP prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in a castration-resistant VCaP xenograft model. ODM-201 overcomes resistance to AR-targeted therapies by antagonizing both overexpressed and mutated ARs. ODM-201 is currently in a phase 3 trial in CRPC
Figure 1: The structures of ODM-201 (A) and its main metabolite ORM-15341 (B).
Representative binding affinities of ODM-201, ORM-15341, enzalutamide, and ARN-509 measured in competition with [3H]mibolerone using wtAR isolated from rat ventral prostates (C). All data points are means of quadruplicates ±SEM. Ki values are presented in parentheses. D. Antagonism to wtAR was determined using AR-HEK293 cells treated with ODM-201, ORM-15341, enzalutamide, or ARN-509 together with 0.45 nM testosterone in steroid-depleted medium for 24 hours before luciferase activity measurements. All data points are means of triplicates ±SEM. IC50 values are presented in parentheses.
WHIPPANY, N.J., Sept. 16, 2014 /PRNewswire/ — Bayer HealthCare and Orion Corporation, a pharmaceutical company based in Espoo, Finland, have begun to enroll patients in a Phase III trial with ODM-201, an investigational oral androgen receptor inhibitor in clinical development. The study, called ARAMIS, evaluates ODM-201 in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer who have rising Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels and no detectable metastases. The trial is designed to determine the effects of the treatment on metastasis-free survival (MFS).
“The field of treatment options for prostate cancer patients is evolving rapidly. However, once prostate cancer becomes resistant to conventional anti-hormonal therapy, many patients will eventually develop metastatic disease,” said Dr. Joerg Moeller, Member of the Bayer HealthCare Executive Committee and Head of Global Development. “The initiation of a Phase III clinical trial for ODM-201 marks the starting point for a potential new treatment option for patients whose cancer has not yet spread. This is an important milestone for Bayer in our ongoing effort to meet the unmet needs of men affected by prostate cancer.”
Earlier this year, Bayer and Orion entered into a global agreement under which the companies will jointly develop ODM-201, with Bayer contributing a major share of the costs of future development. Bayer will commercialize ODM-201 globally, and Orion has the option to co-promote ODM-201 in Europe. Orion will be responsible for the manufacturing of the product.
About the ARAMIS Study
The ARAMIS trial is a randomized, Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of oral ODM-201 in patients with non-metastatic CRPC who are at high risk for developing metastatic disease. About 1,500 patients are planned to be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive 600 mg of ODM-201 twice a day or matching placebo. Randomisation will be stratified by PSA doubling time (PSADT less than or equal to 6 months vs. > 6 months) and use of osteoclast-targeted therapy (yes vs. no).
The primary endpoint of this study is metastasis-free survival (MFS), defined as time between randomization and evidence of metastasis or death from any cause. The secondary objectives of this study are overall survival (OS), time to first symptomatic skeletal event (SSE), time to initiation of first cytotoxic chemotherapy, time to pain progression, and characterization of the safety and tolerability of ODM-201.
About ODM-201
ODM-201 is an investigational androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that is thought to block the growth of prostate cancer cells. ODM-201 binds to the AR and inhibits receptor function by blocking its cellular function.
About Oncology at Bayer
Bayer is committed to science for a better life by advancing a portfolio of innovative treatments. The oncology franchise at Bayer now includes three oncology products and several other compounds in various stages of clinical development. Together, these products reflect the company’s approach to research, which prioritizes targets and pathways with the potential to impact the way that cancer is treated.
About Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. is the U.S.-based pharmaceuticals business of Bayer HealthCare LLC, a subsidiary of Bayer AG. Bayer HealthCare is one of the world’s leading, innovative companies in the healthcare and medical products industry, and combines the activities of the Animal Health, Consumer Care, Medical Care, and Pharmaceuticals divisions. As a specialty pharmaceutical company, Bayer HealthCare provides products for General Medicine, Hematology, Neurology, Oncology and Women’s Healthcare. The company’s aim is to discover and manufacture products that will improve human health worldwide by diagnosing, preventing and treating diseases.
Bayer® and the Bayer Cross® are registered trademarks of Bayer.

PATENT
US 2015203479
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2011051540A1?cl=en
PATENT
WO 2012143599
http://www.google.com/patents/US20140094474?cl=de
Fenner A. Prostate cancer: ODM-201 tablets complete phase I. Nat Rev Urol. 2015 Dec;12(12):654. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.268. Epub 2015 Nov 3. PubMed PMID: 26526759.
2: Massard C, Penttinen HM, Vjaters E, Bono P, Lietuvietis V, Tammela TL, Vuorela A, Nykänen P, Pohjanjousi P, Snapir A, Fizazi K. Pharmacokinetics, Antitumor Activity, and Safety of ODM-201 in Patients with Chemotherapy-naive Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: An Open-label Phase 1 Study. Eur Urol. 2015 Oct 10. pii: S0302-2838(15)00964-1. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.09.046. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26463318.
3: Fizazi K, Albiges L, Loriot Y, Massard C. ODM-201: a new-generation androgen receptor inhibitor in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2015;15(9):1007-17. doi: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1081566. PubMed PMID: 26313416; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4673554.
4: Bambury RM, Rathkopf DE. Novel and next-generation androgen receptor-directed therapies for prostate cancer: Beyond abiraterone and enzalutamide. Urol Oncol. 2015 Jul 7. pii: S1078-1439(15)00269-0. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.05.025. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 26162486.
5: Moilanen AM, Riikonen R, Oksala R, Ravanti L, Aho E, Wohlfahrt G, Nykänen PS, Törmäkangas OP, Palvimo JJ, Kallio PJ. Discovery of ODM-201, a new-generation androgen receptor inhibitor targeting resistance mechanisms to androgen signaling-directed prostate cancer therapies. Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 3;5:12007. doi: 10.1038/srep12007. PubMed PMID: 26137992; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4490394.
6: Thibault C, Massard C. [New therapies in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer]. Bull Cancer. 2015 Jun;102(6):501-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2015.04.016. Epub 2015 May 26. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 26022286.
7: Bjartell A. Re: activity and safety of ODM-201 in patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (ARADES): an open-label phase 1 dose-escalation and randomised phase 2 dose expansion trial. Eur Urol. 2015 Feb;67(2):348-9. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.11.019. PubMed PMID: 25760250.
8: De Maeseneer DJ, Van Praet C, Lumen N, Rottey S. Battling resistance mechanisms in antihormonal prostate cancer treatment: Novel agents and combinations. Urol Oncol. 2015 Jul;33(7):310-21. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.01.008. Epub 2015 Feb 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 25708954.
9: Boegemann M, Schrader AJ, Krabbe LM, Herrmann E. Present, Emerging and Possible Future Biomarkers in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2015;15(3):243-55. PubMed PMID: 25654638.
10: ODM-201 is safe and active in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Discov. 2014 Sep;4(9):OF10. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-RW2014-150. Epub 2014 Jul 9. PubMed PMID: 25185192.
11: Fizazi K, Massard C, Bono P, Jones R, Kataja V, James N, Garcia JA, Protheroe A, Tammela TL, Elliott T, Mattila L, Aspegren J, Vuorela A, Langmuir P, Mustonen M; ARADES study group. Activity and safety of ODM-201 in patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (ARADES): an open-label phase 1 dose-escalation and randomised phase 2 dose expansion trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Aug;15(9):975-85. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70240-2. Epub 2014 Jun 25. PubMed PMID: 24974051.
12: Agarwal N, Di Lorenzo G, Sonpavde G, Bellmunt J. New agents for prostate cancer. Ann Oncol. 2014 Sep;25(9):1700-9. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdu038. Epub 2014 Mar 20. Review. PubMed PMID: 24658665.
13: Pinto Á. Beyond abiraterone: new hormonal therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Feb;15(2):149-55. doi: 10.4161/cbt.26724. Epub 2013 Nov 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 24100689; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3928129.
14: Yin L, Hu Q, Hartmann RW. Recent progress in pharmaceutical therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Jul 4;14(7):13958-78. doi: 10.3390/ijms140713958. Review. PubMed PMID: 23880851; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3742227.
15: Leibowitz-Amit R, Joshua AM. Targeting the androgen receptor in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer: rationale, progress, and future directions. Curr Oncol. 2012 Dec;19(Suppl 3):S22-31. doi: 10.3747/co.19.1281. PubMed PMID: 23355790; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3553559.
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
N((R)-1-(3-(4-Cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide[1]
|
|
| Identifiers | |
| ChemSpider | 38772320 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C19H19ClN6O2 |
| Molar mass | 398.85 g·mol−1 |
/////
O=C(C1=NNC(C(O)C)=C1)N[C@@H](C)CN2N=C(C3=CC=C(C#N)C(Cl)=C3)C=C2
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ARN-509; cas 956104-40-8; ARN 509; UNII-4T36H88UA7;
ARN-509; JNJ-56021927; JNJ-927\
Phase III Prostate cancer
4-(7-(6-CYANO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-3-YL)-8-OXO-6-THIOXO-5,7-DIAZASPIRO[3.4]OCTAN-5-YL)-2-FLUORO-N-METHYLBENZAMIDE;
4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoroMethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspirooctan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-MethylbenzaMide;
| Molecular Formula: | C21H15F4N5O2S |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight: | 477.434713 g/mol |
| Product Name | Sponsor Only | Condition | Start Date | End Date | Phase | Last Change Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARN-509 | Aragon Pharmaceuticals Inc | Hormone refractory prostate cancer | 31-JUL-10 | 30-JUN-13 | Phase 2 | 17-SEP-13 |
| Aragon Pharmaceuticals Inc | 31-MAR-13 | 30-JUN-13 | Phase 1 | 17-SEP-13 | ||
| Aragon Pharmaceuticals Inc | Hormone refractory prostate cancer | 31-OCT-13 | 31-DEC-16 | Phase 3 | 05-NOV-13 | |
| Aragon Pharmaceuticals Inc; Johnson & Johnson | Hormone refractory prostate cancer | 28-FEB-13 | 01-FEB-14 | Phase 1 | 07-OCT-13 | |
| Aragon Pharmaceuticals Inc | Hormone dependent prostate cancer | 28-FEB-13 | 28-FEB-18 | Phase 2 | 18-OCT-13 |
Apalutamide, also known as ARN-509 and JNJ-56021927 , is an androgen receptor antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. ARN-509 binds to AR in target tissues thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation and facilitating the formation of inactive complexes that cannot be translocated to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes. This ultimately inhibits the expression of genes that regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation and may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in AR-expressing tumor cells.
Apalutamide (INN) (developmental code name ARN-509, also JNJ-56021927) is a non-steroidal antiandrogen that is under development for the treatment of prostate cancer.[1] It is similar to enzalutamide both structurally and pharmacologically,[2] acting as a selective competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), but shows some advantages, including greater potency and reduced central nervous system permeation.[1][3][4] Apalutamide binds weakly to the GABAA receptor similarly to enzalutamide, but due to its relatively lower central concentrations, may have a lower risk of seizures in comparison.[1][3][5] The drug has been found to be effective and well-tolerated in clinical trials thus far,[2][4] with the most common side effects reported including fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.[6][3][5] Apalutamide is currently in phase III clinical trials for castration-resistant prostate cancer.[7]
Recently, the acquired F876L mutation of the AR identified in advanced prostate cancer cells was found to confer resistance to both enzalutamide and apalutamide.[8][9] A newer antiandrogen, ODM-201, is not affected by this mutation, nor has it been found to be affected by any other tested/well-known AR mutations.[10]
Apalutamide may be effective in a subset of prostate cancer patients with acquired resistance to abiraterone acetate.[2]
The chemical structure of ARN-509 is very similar structure to that of Enzalutamide (MDV3100) with two minor modifications: (a) two methyl groups in the 5-member ring of MDV3100 is linked by a CH2 group in ARN-509; (b) the carbon atom in the benzene ring of MDV3100 is replaced by a nitrogen atom in ARN-509. ARN-509 is considered as a Me-Too drug of Enzalutamide (MDV3100). ARN-509 was claimed to be more active than Enzalutamide (MDV3100).
ARN-509 is a novel 2nd Generation anti-androgen that is targeted to treat castration resistant prostate cancers where 1st generation anti-androgens fail. ARN-509 is unique in its action in that it inhibits both AR nuclear translocation and AR binding to androgen response elements in DNA. Importantly, and in contrast to the first-generation anti-androgen bicalutamide, it exhibits no agonist activity in prostate cancer cells that over-express AR. ARN-509 is easily synthesized, and its oral bioavailability and long half-life allow for once-daily oral dosing. In addition, its excellent preclinical safety profile makes it well suited as either a mono- or a combination therapy across the entire spectrum of prostate cancer disease states. (source: http://www.aragonpharm.com/programs/arn509.htm).
ARN-509 is a competitive AR inhibitor, which is fully antagonistic to AR overexpression, a common and important feature of CRPC. ARN-509 was optimized for inhibition of AR transcriptional activity and prostate cancer cell proliferation, pharmacokinetics and in vivo efficacy. In contrast to bicalutamide, ARN-509 lacked significant agonist activity in preclinical models of CRPC. Moreover, ARN-509 lacked inducing activity for AR nuclear localization or DNA binding. In a clinically valid murine xenograft model of human CRPC, ARN-509 showed greater efficacy than MDV3100. Maximal therapeutic response in this model was achieved at 30 mg/kg/day of ARN-509 , whereas the same response required 100 mg/kg/day of MDV3100 and higher steady-state plasma concentrations. Thus, ARN-509 exhibits characteristics predicting a higher therapeutic index with a greater potential to reach maximally efficacious doses in man than current AR antagonists. Our findings offer preclinical proof of principle for ARN-509 as a promising therapeutic in both castration-sensitive and castration-resistant forms of prostate cancer. (source: Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 20. [Epub ahead of print] )
(source: Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 20. [Epub ahead of print] )


WO 2008119015
WO2011103202
WO2014190895
WO2011103202
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2011103202A2?cl=en


Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer found in Western men and the second leading cause of cancer death in Western men. When prostate cancer is confined locally, the disease can usually be treated by surgery and/or radiation. Advanced disease is frequently treated with anti-androgen therapy, also known as androgen deprivation therapy. Administration of anti-androgens blocks androgen receptor (AR) function by competing for androgen binding; and therefore, anti-androgen therapy reduces AR activity. Frequently, such therapy fails after a time, and the cancer becomes hormone refractory, that is, the prostate cancer no longer responds to hormone therapy and the cancer does not require androgens to progress.
Overexpression of AR has been identified as a cause of hormone refractory prostate cancer (Nat. Med., 10:33-39, 2004; incorporated herein by reference). Overexpression of AR is sufficient to cause progression from hormone sensitive to hormone refractory prostate cancer, suggesting that better AR antagonists than the current drugs may be able to slow the progression of prostate cancer. It has been demonstrated that overexpression of AR converts anti-androgens from antagonists to agonists in hormone refractory prostate cancer. This work explains why anti-androgen therapy fails to prevent the progression of prostate cancer.
The identification of compounds that have a high potency to anatgonize AR activity would overcome the hormone refractory prostate cancer and slowdown the progression of hormone sensitive prostate cancer. Such compounds have been identified by Sayers et al. (WO 2007/126765, published Nov. 8, 2007; which is incorporated herein by reference). One compound is known as A52, a biarylthiohydantoin, and has the chemical structure
Moilanen AM, Riikonen R, Oksala R, Ravanti L, Aho E, Wohlfahrt G, Nykänen PS, Törmäkangas OP, Palvimo JJ, Kallio PJ (2015). “Discovery of ODM-201, a new-generation androgen receptor inhibitor targeting resistance mechanisms to androgen signaling-directed prostate cancer therapies”. Sci Rep 5: 12007. doi:10.1038/srep12007. PMC 4490394. PMID 26137992
11Clegg NJ, Wongvipat J, Tran C, Ouk S, Dilhas A, Joseph J, Chen Y, Grillot K, Bischoff ED, Cai L, Aparicio A, Dorow S, Arora V, Shao G, Qian J, Zhao H, Yang G, Cao C, Sensintaffar J, Wasielewska T, Herbert MR, Bonnefous C, Darimont B, Scher HI, Smith-Jones PM, Klang M, Smith ND, de Stanchina E, Wu N, Ouerfelli O, Rix P, Heyman R, Jung ME, Sawyers CL, Hager JH. ARN-509: a novel anti-androgen for prostate cancer treatment. Cancer Res. 2012 Mar 15;72(6):1494-1503. Epub 2012 Jan 20.PubMed PMID: 22266222.
| Patent ID | Date | Patent Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2014309262 | 2014-10-16 | ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER AND ANDROGEN RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED DISEASES |
| US2014296312 | 2014-10-02 | TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER |
| US2014243416 | 2014-08-28 | Topical Antiandrogen Therapy for the Treatment of Becker’s Nevus |
| US8802689 | 2014-08-12 | Androgen receptor modulator for the treatment of prostate cancer and androgen receptor-associated diseases |
| US2014107085 | 2014-04-17 | Bifunctional AKR1C3 Inhibitors/Androgen Receptor Modulators and Methods of Use Thereof |
| US2014088129 | 2014-03-27 | ANTI-ANDROGENS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NON-METASTATIC CASTRATE-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER |
| US2013225821 | 2013-08-29 | SYNTHESIS OF THIOHYDANTOINS |
| US2013116258 | 2013-05-09 | ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF |
| US2011003839 | 2011-01-06 | ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER AND ANDROGEN RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED DISEASES |
| US2010190991 | 2010-07-29 | SYNTHESIS OF THIOHYDANTOINS |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
4-[7-[6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-8-oxo-6-sulfanylidene-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl]-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide
|
|
| Clinical data | |
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration |
Oral |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 956104-40-8 |
| ATC code | None |
| PubChem | CID 24872560 |
| ChemSpider | 28424131 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C21H15F4N5O2S |
| Molar mass | 477.434713 g/mol |
////////
CNC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)N2C(=S)N(C(=O)C23CCC3)C4=CN=C(C(=C4)C(F)(F)F)C#N)F
CNC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)N2C(=S)N(C(=O)C23CCC3)C4=CN=C(C(=C4)C(F)(F)F)C#N)F
![]()
Galeterone
SYNTHESIS SEE BELOW
A SARM potentially for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Research Code, TOK-001; VN; 124; 124-1; 1241
TOK-001; Galeterone; 851983-85-2; VN/124; UNII-WA33E149SW; VN/124-1;
CAS No. 851983-85-2(Galeterone)
(3S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-17-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
Fast track 2012 f
| Molecular Formula: | C26H32N2O |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight: | 388.54508 g/mol |

Galeterone (TOK-001 or VN/124-1) is a novel steroidal antiandrogen under development by Tokai Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of prostate cancer. It possesses a unique dual mechanism of action, acting as both an androgen receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of CYP17A1, an enzyme required for the biosynthesis of the androgens.[1] It shows selectivity for 17,20-lyase over 17-hydroxylase.[2]
As of 2016, galeterone is being compared to enzalutamide in a phase III clinical trial (ARMOR3-SV) for AR-V7-expressing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.[3][4]
Specific Androgen Receptor Modulator CYP17 Inhibitor TOK-001 is an orally bioavailable small-molecule androgen receptor modulator and CYP17 lyase inhibitor with potential antiandrogen activity. Galeterone exhibits three distinct mechanisms of action: 1) as an androgen receptor antagonist, 2) as a CYP17 lyase inhibitor and 3) by decreasing overall androgen receptor levels in prostate cancer tumors, all of which may result in a decrease in androgen-dependent growth signaling. Localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP17 (P450C17 or CYP17A1) exhibits both 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, and plays a key role in the steroidogenic pathway that produces progestins, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens.
Tokai’s lead product candidate is galeterone, a highly-selective, oral small molecule with the potential to transform the treatment of prostate cancer. We are focusing our late-stage development of galeterone on the treatment of men with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer, or CRPC, whose prostate tumor cells express the AR-V7 splice variant.
We are conducting ARMOR3-SV, a Phase 3 clinical trial of galeterone evaluating whether administration of galeterone results in a statistically significant increase in radiographic progression-free survival as compared to Xtandi® (enzalutamide), an oral therapy currently approved for the treatment of CRPC, in AR-V7 positive metastatic CRPC patients. ARMOR3-SV is the first pivotal trial in prostate cancer to employ a precision medicine approach for patient selection. For more information regarding ARMOR3-SV, click here.
Galeterone has been studied in over 250 subjects in Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials, including in CRPC patients with and without the AR-V7 splice variant. In these trials, galeterone demonstrated good tolerability and showed clinically meaningful reductions in levels of prostate specific antigen, or PSA, a biochemincal marker used to evaluate prostate cancer patients for signs of response to therapy.
We are currently focusing our late-stage development of galeterone on AR-V7 positive metastatic CRPC patients because it represents an unmet need in prostate cancer and our precision medicine approach provides an efficient development path. Based on the data we and our collaborators have produced to date, we also believe there is rationale for the broader clinical exploration of galeterone in the future.
Galeterone acts by disrupting the androgen receptor signaling pathway. This pathway is activated by the binding of male hormones (also known as androgens), such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells.
Galeterone disrupts the activation of the androgen receptor pathway in three ways:
Tokai retains global rights to galeterone. We intend to commercialize galeterone in the United States on our own, and to seek a partner to further develop and commercialize galeterone outside of the United States.
Galeterone has been granted Fast Track designation by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CRPC. Fast Track designation is designed to facilitate the development and expedite review of drugs intended to treat serious or life-threatening conditions and that demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION
1J loss reaction.
(1) raw material specifications to match.
acetate pregnancy dehydropregnenolone: toluene + ethanol: Batch steep: hydrochloric acid amine light = 1: 3: 0 4: 0.213, which pregnenolone acetate pregnancy 160kg, toluene + ethanol 320kg + 160kg, approved Steep 64kg, hydrochloric acid amine light 34kg.
(2) process operation.
In the first input 1000L tank oximation with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine, and then pumped into a mixed solvent of toluene and ethanol, the reaction solution was stirred and heated to complete dissolution, pregnancy-dehydropregnenolone acetate was added and heated under reflux for 3 hours, cooling and crystallization, The Department conducted into the centrifuge centrifugal drying, apply a recovery from the mother liquor, rinse with warm water mixture to no foam, centrifugal drying, drying to a moisture at 0.2% or less, that acetic acid in pregnancy dehydropregnenolone oxime (oxime compounds) 163kg, content of 99%, a melting point of 202-204 ° C, a yield of about 102% (for pregnenolone acetate pregnancy weight ratio).
2, heavy drain hydrolysis reaction.
(1) raw material specifications to match.
acetate pregnancy dehydropregnenolone waning: Benzene: Batch steep: phosphorus oxychloride and toluene: HCl + water = 1: 6 5: 0 4: 1: 3.5, which acetate pregnancy alcohol one hand 163kg, benzene 1060kg, batch steep 64kg, phosphorus oxychloride and toluene 80kg + 80kg, hydrochloric acid + water 245kg + 325kg.
(2) process operation.
The first drying 2000L rearrangement reaction tank, then pumped to the reaction tank benzene, alcohol into acetate pregnancy oxime, pulls out into benzene, stirring heated to reflux until the reaction mixture is completely dissolved, cooling to 1 (TC When, pyridine, of the reaction liquid at temperatures down to 6 ° C, start dropping a mixed solution of previously prepared phosphorus oxychloride and toluene (1: 1 mass ratio), slowly dropping, dropping control, first After slow fast reaction when dropping liquid temperature control in 4-8 ° C, the addition was complete, the reaction solution at 9-12 ° C for 3 hours the first time under.
After incubation, a solution has been a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and water, good preparation, while dropping the reaction liquid temperature is controlled at 15-25 ° C, the addition was complete, the reaction solution at 15-25 ° C under a second Insulation 1. 5-2 hours. After incubation, stand 40 minutes, then points to lower acidic water layer, the remaining upper layer was added 0.3 times the amount of 30-35 ° C in the brine and let stand 20 minutes, a second watershed, sub lower aqueous layer was then allowed to stand for 30 minutes, a third water diversion, to give the final weight of the upper layer reaction solution was drained.
3, the red Dingding steam distillate process.
The rearrangement reaction liquid was pumped to punch distillate tank, conduct atmospheric distillate punch, has been rushed to the reaction mixture was distilled benzene mixed solvent only, at the start of the steam valve not to open too much, so as not to rush material, distillation after cooling discharge, centrifugal drying, washing with tap water to neutral, and then into the oven dried to a moisture in the square. 5% acetic acid in dehydroepiandrosterone (rearrangement thereof) The crude product is about 142kg, content of about 97.5%, a melting point of 160 ° C _165 ° C or so, yield about 88% (for acetate pregnancy dehydropregnenolone weight ratio).
4, refining processes.
The drying in acetic acid Dehydroepiandrosterone crude into refined tin, adding 8 times the weight of the crude methanol and 0.10 times the weight of activated carbon, heat, stirring to dissolve, reflux billion. 5 hours, filtered , concentrated, cooled to about 5 ° C, the discharge


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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol
|
|
| Clinical data | |
| Routes of administration |
Oral |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 851983-85-2 |
| PubChem | CID 11188409 |
| ChemSpider | 9363493 |
| KEGG | D10125 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C26H32N2O |
| Molar mass | 388.25 |
///////
C[C@]12CC[C@@H](CC1=CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC=C4N5C=NC6=CC=CC=C65)C)O
CC12CCC(CC1=CCC3C2CCC4(C3CC=C4N5C=NC6=CC=CC=C65)C)O

IC200214; ITI-214
(6aR,9aS)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4-(2H)-one phosphate
(6aR,9aS)-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one…BASE
CAS: 1642303-38-5 (phosphate);
1160521-50-5 (free base).
Chemical Formula: C29H29FN7O5P
Molecular Weight: 605.5672
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited,Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.
ITI-214 is an orally active, potent and Selective Inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase 1 for the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment Associated with Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Diseases. ITI-214 exhibited picomolar inhibitory potency for PDE1, demonstrated excellent selectivity against all other PDE families, and showed good efficacy in vivo. Currently, this investigational new drug is in Phase I clinical development and being considered for the treatment of several indications including cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, movement disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, and other CNS and non-CNS disorders.
Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE-1) inhibitor
which is a picomolar PDE1 inhibitor with excellent selectivity against other PDE family members and against a panel of enzymes, receptors, transporters, and ion channels.
It is disclosed in WO 2009/075784 (U.S. Pub. No. 2010/0273754). This compound has been found to be a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE 1) inhibitor useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of disorders characterized by low levels of cAMP and/or cGMP in cells expressing PDE1, and/or reduced dopamine Dl receptor signaling activity (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, Tourette’s Syndrome, Autism, fragile X syndrome, ADHD, restless leg syndrome, depression, cognitive impairment of schizophrenia, narcolepsy); and/or any disease or condition that may be ameliorated by the enhancement of progesterone signaling. This list of disorders is exemplary and not intended to be exhaustive.

PATENT
WO 2013192556
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013192556A2?cl=en
The method of making the Compound (ea^^a^-S^a ^^^a-hexahydro-S- methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)- cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one is generally described in WO 2009/075784, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. This compound can also be prepared as summarized or similarly summarized in the following
CMU PCU PHU PPU (SM2)
In particular, (6aR,9aS)-3-chloro-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl- 5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)- one may be prepared as described or similarly described below.
PATENT
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2009075784A1?cl=en
EXAMPLE 14
(6aJ?,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6- fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]iinidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyrimidin-4(2//)-one
This compound may be made using similar method as in example 13 wherein 2-(4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-6-fluoropyridine may be used instead of 2-(4- (dibromomethyl)phenyl)-5-fluoropyridine.
PATENT
WO 2014205354
https://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2014205354A2?cl=en

EXAMPLES
The method of making the Compound (ea^^a^-S^a ^^^a-hexahydro-S-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one is generally described in WO 2009/075784, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. This compound can also be prepared as summarized or similarly summarized in the following

CMU PCU PHU PPU (SM2)
![]()

In particular, (6aR,9aS)-3-chloro-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (Int-5) may be prepared as described or similarly described below. The free base crystals and the mono-phosphate salt crystals of the invention may be prepared by using the methods described or similarly described in Examples 1-14 below.
Preparation of (6aR,9aS)-3-chloro-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanol

The mixture of Na2C03 (121 g), water (500 mL), THF (650 mL), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (997 mg), 2-bromo-6-fluoropyridine (100 g) and 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid (90.7 g) is stirred at 65°C for 4 h under the nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature, THF (200 mL) is added. The organic layer is separated and washed with 5% NaCl solution twice. The organic layer is concentrated to 400 mL. After the addition of toluene (100 mL), heptane (500 mL) is added at 55°C. The mixture is cooled to room temperature. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with the mixture of toluene (100 mL) and heptane (100 mL) and dried to give (4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanol (103 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.71-1.78 (m, 1H), 4.74-4.79 (m, 2H), 6.84-6.88 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.98-8.04 (m, 2H).
2-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)-6-fluoropyridine

The solution of thionylchloride (43.1 mL) in AcOEt (200 mL) is added to the mixture of (4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methanol (100 g), DMF (10 mL) and AcOEt (600 mL) at room temperature. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After cooling to 10°C, 15% Na2C03 solution is added. The organic layer is separated and washed with water (500 mL) and 5% NaCl solution (500 mL) twice. The organic layer is concentrated to 500 mL. After the addition of EtOH (500 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 500 mL. After addition of EtOH (500 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 500 mL. After the addition of EtOH (500 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 500 mL. After addition of EtOH (200 mL), water (700 mL) is added at 40°C. The mixture is stirred at room temperature. The crystals are isolated by filtration and dried to give 2-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)-6-fluoropyridine (89.5 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 4.64 (s, 2H), 6.86-6.90 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.98-8.03 (m, 2H).
6-chloro-l-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(lH,3H)-dione

The mixture of 6-chloro-3-methyluracil (100 g), p-methoxybenzylchloride (107 g), K2CO3 (86.1 g) and DMAc (600 mL) is stirred at 75°C for 4 h. Water (400 mL) is added at 45°C and the mixture is cooled to room temperature. Water (800 mL) is added and the mixture is stirred at room temperature. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with the mixture of DMAc and water (1:2, 200mL) and dried to give 6-chloro-l-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(lH,3H)-dione (167 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 5.93 (s, 1H), 6.85-6.89 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.32 (m, 2H).
izinyl-l-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(lH,3H)-dione

The mixture of 6-chloro-l-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(lH,3H)-dione (165 g), IPA (990 mL), water (124 mL) and hydrazine hydrate (62.9 mL) is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture is warmed to 60°C and stirred at the same temperature for 4 h. Isopropyl acetate (1485 mL) is added at 45°C and the mixture is stirred at the same temperature for 0.5 h. The mixture is cooled at 10°C and stirred for lh. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with the mixture of IPA and isopropyl acetate (1:2, 330 mL) and dried to give 6-hydrazinyl-l-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(lH,3H)-dione (153 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-i¾) δ 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 4.36 (s, 2H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 6.87-6.89 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.17 (m, 2H), 8.04 (s, 1H).
7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione

To the mixture of DMF (725 mL) and 6-hydrazinyl-l-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(lH,3H)-dione (145 g) is added POCI3 (58.5 mL) at 5°C. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Water (725 mL) is added at 50°C and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with the mixture of DMF and water (1:1, 290 mL) and dried to give 7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-
2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (145 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-i¾) δ 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 6.82-6.90 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.36 (m, 2H), 8.48 (s, IH), 13.51 (br, IH).
2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione

The mixture of 2-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)-6-fluoropyridine (100 g), 7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (129 g), K2CO3(62.3 g) and DMAc (1500 mL) is stirred at 45°C for 5 h. Water (1500 mL) is added at 40°C and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with the mixture of DMAc and water (1:1, 500 mL) and dried to give 2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (207 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO- ) δ 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 5.45 (s, 2H), 6.77-6.82 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.16 (m, IH), 7.25-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.96 (m, IH), 8.04-8.11 (m, 3H), 8.68 (s, IH).
2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione

The mixture of 2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (105 g), CF3COOH (300 mL) and
CF3SO3H (100 g) is stirred at room temperature for 10 h. Acetonitrile (1000 mL) is added. The mixture is added to the mixture of 25% N¾ (1000 mL) and acetonitrile (500 mL) at 10°C. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with the mixture of acetonitirile and water (1:1, 500 mL) and dried to give the crude product. The mixture of the crude product and AcOEt (1200 mL) is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with AcOEt (250 mL) and dried to give 2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (75.3 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-rf6) δ 3.16 (s, 3H), 3.50-4.00 (br, 1H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 7.13-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.91-7.94 (m, 1H), 8.04-8.10 (m, 3H), 8.60 (s, 1H).
2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-6-(((lR,2R)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one

The mixture of BOP reagent (126 g), 2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (80 g), DBU (136 mL) and THF (1120 mL) is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. (lR,2R)-2-Aminocyclopentanol hydrochloride (37.6 g) and THF (80 mL) are added and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 5 h. After the addition of 5% NaCl (400 mL) and AcOEt (800 mL), the organic layer is separated. The organic layer is washed with 10% NaCl (400 mL), 1M HC1 15% NaCl (400 mL), 5% NaCl (400 mL), 5% NaHC03 (400 mL) and 5%NaCl (400 mL) successively. After treatment with active charcoal, the organic layer is concentrated to 400 mL. After the addition of acetonitrile (800 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 400 mL. After the addition of acetonitrile (800 mL), seed crystals are added at 40°C. The mixture is concentrated to 400 mL. Water (800 mL) is added at room temperature and the mixture is stirred for 2 h. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with the mixture of acetonitrile and water (1:2, 400 mL) and dried to give 2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-6-(((lR,2R)-2-
hydroxycyclopentyl)amino)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (81.7 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.47-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.93 (m, 3H), 2.02-2.12 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.34 (m, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.98-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.68-4.70 (m, 1H), 5.37 (s, 2H), 6.86-6.90 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.97-8.01 (m, 2H).
(6aR,9aS)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

The mixture of 2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-6-(((lR,2R)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)amino)-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (80 g), p-toluenesulfonylchloride (38.6 g), Et3N (28.2 mL), N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (24.7 g) and THF (800 mL) is stirred at 50°C for 10 h. To the mixture is added 8M NaOH (11.5 mL) at room temperature and the mixture is stirred for 2 h. After the addition of 5% NaCl (400 mL) and AcOEt (800 mL), the organic layer is separated. The organic layer is washed with 5 NaCl (400 mL) twice. The organic layer is concentrated to 240 mL. After the addition of MeOH (800 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 240 mL. After the addition of MeOH (800 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 240 mL. After the addition of MeOH (160 mL), the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h and at 0°C for 1 h. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with cold MeOH (160 mL) and dried to give (6aR,9aS)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (55.7 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.39-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.81 (m, 3H), 1.81-1.92 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.22 (m, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 4.61-4.70 (m, 2H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 6.79-6.85 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.92-7.98 (m, 2H).
(6aR,9aS)-3-chloro-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-
hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imi ]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

The mixture of (6aR,9aS)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (50 g) and toluene (1000 mL) is concentrated to 750 mL under the nitrogen atmosphere. Toluene (250 mL) and NCS (24 g) is added. To the mixture is added LiHMDS (1M THF solution, 204 mL) at 0°C and the mixture is stirred for 0.5 h. To the mixture is added 20% NH4C1 (50 mL) at 5°C. The mixture is concentrated to 250 mL. After the addition of EtOH (250 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 150 mL. After the addition of EtOH (250 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 200 mL. After the addition of EtOH (200 mL), the mixture is warmed to 50°C. Water (300 mL) is added and the mixture is stirred at 50°C for 0.5 h. After stirring at room temperature for 1 h, the crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with the mixture of EtOH and water (1:1, 150 mL) and dried to give (6aR,9aS)-3-chloro-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (51.1 g). ]H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.46-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.92-2.00 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.27 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 4.66-4.77 (m, 2H), 5.34 (s, 2H), 6.87-6.93 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.97-8.05 (m, 2H).
EXAMPLE 1
Crystals of (6a/f,9a5)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base mono-ethanol solvate

The mixture of (6a/?,9a5′)-3-chloro-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (2.5 g), K2C03 (1.53 g), Pd(OAc)2 (12.5 mg), Xantphos (32 mg), aniline (0.76 mL), and xylene (12.5 mL) is stirred at 125°C for 7 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After addition of water (12.5 mL), the organic layer is separated. The organic layer is washed with water (12.5 mL) twice. The organic layer is extracted with the mixture of DMAc (6.25 mL) and 0.5N HCl (12.5 mL). The organic layer is extracted with the mixture of DMAc (3.2 mL) and 0.5N HCl (6.25 mL). After addition of DMAc (6.25 mL), xylene (12.5 mL) and 25 wt % aqueous NH3 solution to the combined aqueous layer, the organic layer is separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with xylene (6.25 mL). The combined organic layer is washed with water (12.5 mL), 2.5 wt % aqueous 1 ,2-cyclohexanediamine solution (12.5 mL) twice and water (12.5 mL) successively. After treatment with active charcoal, the organic layer is concentrated. After addition of EtOH (12.5 mL), the mixture is concentrated. After addition of EtOH (12.5 mL), the mixture is concentrated. After addition of EtOH (12.5 mL), n-heptane (25 mL) is added at 70°C. The mixture is cooled to 5°C and stirred at same temperature. The crystals are isolated by filtration and dried to give (ea^^a^-S^a ^^^a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base mono-ethanol solvate (2.56 g) as crystals.
]H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 0.98-1.13 (m, 3H), 1.34-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.83 (m, 4H), 2.03-2.17 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.39-3.54 (m, 2H), 4.29-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.51-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.60-4.70 (m, 1H), 5.15-5.35 (m, 2H), 6.71-6.88 (m, 3H), 7.05-7.29 (m, 5H), 7.81-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.94-8.11 (m, 3H), 8.67 (s, 1H).
EXAMPLE 4
Crystals of (6a/f,9a5)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free

Crystals of (6a«,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base mono-n-propanol solvate (2.0 g) is dissolved with ethanol (10 mL) at 70°C. Isopropyl ether (20 mL) is added and the mixture is cooled to 45°C. Isopropyl ether (10 mL) is added and the mixture is stirred at 40°C. The mixture is cooled to 5°C and stirred at same temperature. The crystals are isolated by filtration and dried to give (ea/^^a^)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base non-solvate (1.7 g) as crystals.
[0082] ]H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 1.32-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.83 (m, 4H), 1.97-2.20 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 4.49-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.60-4.69 (m, 1H), 5.13-5.37 (m, 2H), 6.70-6.90 (m, 3H), 7.04-7.31 (m, 5H), 7.82-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.93-8.12 (m, 3H), 8.67 (s, 1H).
EXAMPLE 5
Crystals of (6a/f,9a5)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base non-solvate

The mixture of (6a/?,9a5′)-3-chloro-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (25 g), K2C03 (15.4 g), Pd(OAc)2 (125 mg), Xantphos (321 mg), aniline (7.6 mL), DMAc (6.25 mL) and xylene (125 mL) is stirred at 125°C for 6.5 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After addition of water (125 mL) and DMAc (50 mL), the organic layer is separated. The organic layer is washed with the mixture of DMAc (50 mL) and water (125 mL) twice. The organic layer is extracted with the mixture of DMAc (50 mL) and 0.5N HCl (125 mL). The organic layer is extracted with the mixture of DMAc (50 mL) and 0.5N HCl (62.5 mL). After addition of DMAc (50 mL), xylene (125 mL) and 25 wt % aqueous NH3 solution (25 mL) to the combined aqueous layer, the organic layer is separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with xylene (62.5 mL). The combined organic layer is washed with the mixture of DMAc (50 mL) and water (125 mL), the mixture of DMAc (50 mL) and 2.5 wt % aqueous 1,2-cyclohexanediamine solution (125 mL) twice and the mixture of DMAc (50 mL) and water (125 mL) successively. After treatment with active charcoal (1.25 g), the organic layer is concentrated to 75 mL. After addition of EtOH (125 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 75 mL. After addition of EtOH (125 mL), the mixture is concentrated to 75 mL. After addition of EtOH (125 mL), n-heptane (250 mL) is added at 70°C. After addition of seed crystals of (6a/?,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one non-solvate, the mixture is cooled to room temperature and stirred at room temperature. The crystals are isolated by filtration and dried to give (ea^^a^-S^a ^^^a-hexahydro-S-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo-[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base non-solvate (23.8 g) as crystals.
EXAMPLE 8
(6a/f,9a5)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one mono-phosphate salt

[0094] Crystals of (6a«,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base non-solvate (20 g) are dissolved in acetonitrile (60 mL) at 50°C. After addition of the active charcoal (1 g), the mixture is stirred at same temperature for 0.5 h. The active charcoal is removed by filtration and washed with acetonitrile (40 mL). The filtrate and the washing are combined and warmed to 50°C. A solution of 85 wt. % phosphoric acid (2.64 mL) in acetonitrile (100 mL) is added. After addition of water (20 mL), the mixture is stirred at 50°C for lh. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile (60 mL x 3) and dried to give (6a/?,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one mono-phosphate salt (20.5 g).
EXAMPLE 9
(6a/f,9a5)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one mono-phosphate salt

[0095] Crystals of (6a«,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base mono-ethanol solvate (4 g) are dissolved in acetonitrile (12 mL) at 50°C. After addition of active charcoal (0.2 g), the mixture is stirred at same temperature for 0.5 h. Active charcoal is removed by filtration and washed with acetonitrile (8 mL). The filtrate and the washing are combined and warmed to 50°C. A solution of 85 wt. % phosphoric acid (0.528 mL) in acetonitrile (20 mL) is added. After addition of water (4 mL), the mixture is stirred at 50°C for lh. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile (12 mL x 3) and dried to give (6a/?,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one mono-phosphate salt (4.01 g).
EXAMPLE 10
(6a/f,9a5)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one mono-phosphate salt

Crystals of (6a«,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-Hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base non-solvate (20 g) are dissolved in acetone (60 mL) at 32°C. After addition of active charcoal (1 g), the mixture is stirred at same temperature for 0.5 h. Active charcoal is removed by filtration and washed with acetone (40 mL). The filtrate and the washing are combined and warmed to 39°C. A solution of 85 wt. % phosphoric acid (2.64 mL) in acetone (100 mL) is added. After addition of water (20 mL), the mixture is stirred at 40°C for lh. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with acetone (60 mL x 3) and dried to give (6a/?,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one mono-phosphate salt (22.86 g).
EXAMPLE 11
(6a/f,9a5)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one mono-phosphate salt

Crystals of (6a«,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one free base mono-ethanol solvate (20 g) are dissolved in acetone (60 mL) at 38°C. After addition of active charcoal (1 g), the mixture is stirred at same temperature for 0.5 h. Active charcoal is removed by filtration and washed with acetone (40 mL). The filtrate and the washing are combined and warmed to 38°C. A solution of 85 wt. % phosphoric acid (2.64 mL) in acetone (100 mL) is added. After addition of water (20 mL), the mixture is stirred at 40°C for lh. The crystals are isolated by filtration, washed with acetone (60 mL x 3) and dried to give (6a/?,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one mono-phosphate salt (23.2 g).
PAPER
A diverse set of 3-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinones was designed and synthesized. The structure–activity relationships of these polycyclic compounds as phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) inhibitors were studied along with their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Systematic optimizations of this novel scaffold culminated in the identification of a clinical candidate, (6aR,9aS)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrocyclopenta[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4-(2H)-one phosphate (ITI-214), which exhibited picomolar inhibitory potency for PDE1, demonstrated excellent selectivity against all other PDE families and showed good efficacy in vivo. Currently, this investigational new drug is in Phase I clinical development and being considered for the treatment of several indications including cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, movement disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, and other central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS disorders
The synthetic methods disclosed in WO 2009/075784 and WO 2013/192556 are particularly applicable, as they include the methods to prepare the compound of Formula I-B. Those skilled in the art will readily see how those methods are applicable to the synthesis of the compounds of the present invention.

Formula I-B
For example, Compounds of the Invention wherein any one or more of R1 through R8 are D, can be prepared from the corresponding aminocyclopentanol, according to the method described in WO 2009/075784 or WO 2013/192556. For example, by reacting said aminocyclopentanol, optionally as its acid salt, with Intermediate A in the presence of a coupling agent, e.g., benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP reagent), and a base, e.g., l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). The intermediate alcohol is then cyclized by treatment with toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl) in the presence of one or more bases, such as dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and triethylamine (TEA) in a solvent, such as THF. The reaction is summarized in the following scheme:

The required aminocyclopentanols can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, the aminocyclopentanol wherein R1 is D can be prepared via a reductive amination procedure that uses a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborodeuteride or sodium borodeuteride as the reducing agent. For example, an optionally protected (R)-2-hydroxycyclopentanone can be reacted with 4-methoxybenzylamine in the presence of sodium triacetoxyborodeuteride to yield the desired deuterated secondary amine, wherein P is the protecting group. Reaction of the resulting amine with a strong acid such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TMFSA) will result in removal of the 4-methoxybenzyl group and the protecting group to yield the desired aminocyclopentanol. Those skilled in the art will know how to choose a suitable protecting group for the secondary alcohol such that deprotection can take place during the acid treatment step (e.g., a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group or a tert-butoxycarbonyl group). Alternatively, those skilled in the art could choose a protecting group that would survive this step. If desired, the protected intermediate can be purified by chiral HPLC in order to enhance the optical purity of the final

As another example, Compounds of the Invention wherein any one or more of R9 to R15 or R21 to R22 are D can be prepared from the corresponding benzyl halide, according to the method described in WO 2009/075784 or WO 2013/192556. For example, by reacting said benzyl halide with the Intermediate B in the presence of suitable base, such as cesium carbonate or potassium carbonate, in a suitable solvent, such as dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide. The corresponding benzyl halide can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. The reaction is summarized in the following scheme:

As another example, compounds of the invention wherein any one or more of R16 to R20 are D can be prepared from the corresponding phenyl
isothiocyanate, according to the method described in WO 2009/075784 or WO
2013/192556. For example, by reacting said phenyl isothiocyanate with Intermediate C in a suitable solvent, such as dimethylformamide. The corresponding phenyl isothiocyanate can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. The reaction is summarized in the following scheme:

Alternatively, compounds of the invention wherein any one or more of R16 to R20 are D can be prepared from the corresponding aniline, according to the method described in WO 2009/075784 or WO 2013/192556. For example, by reacting said aniline with Intermediate D and a strong base, such as lithium
hexamethyldisilylazide (LiHMDS), in a suitable solvent, such as THF at elevated temperature. Such a reaction can also be achieved by catalytic amination using a catalyst, such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd2(dba)3), and a ligand, such as Xantphos. The corresponding aniline can be prepared by methods well known to those skil

EXAMPLE 1. (6aR,9a5)-5-Methyl-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuterophenylamino)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-5,6fl,7,8,9,9fl-hexahydrocyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one

To a solution of (6a/?,9a5′)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-3-chloro-5-methyl-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-cyclopent[4,5]irnidazo[l,2-fl]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (200 mg, 0.444 mmol) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteroaniline (162 μΐ,, 1.8 mmol) in anhydrous 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (3 mL) is added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 0.89 mL) dropwise at room temperature under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture is gradually heated to 75 °C over a period of 90 min, and then heated at 75 °C for an hour. The mixture is cooled with an ice bath and then quenched by adding 0.2 mL of water. After solvent evaporation, the residue is dissolved in DMF and then filter with a 0.45 m microfilter. The collected filtrated is purified with a semi-preparative HPLC system using a gradient of 0 – 70% acetonitrile in water containing 0.1% formic acid over 16 min to give (6a/?,9a5′)-5-methyl-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuterophenylamino)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-5,6fl,7,8,9,9fl-hexahydrocyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one as a formate salt, which is dissolved in ethyl acetate, basified with 12.5 mL of 5% sodium carbonate, and then extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic phase is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 4.5 mL of THF and then filter through a 0.45 m microfilter. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and further dried under vacuum to give (6a/?,9a5′)-5-methyl-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuterophenylamino)-2-(4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-benzyl)-5,6fl,7,8,9,9fl-hexahydrocyclopent[4,5]imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one as a white solid (185.8 mg, 81.6% yield). ¾ NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.88 (d, / = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.88 – 7.77 (m, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J = 7.5, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.90 – 6.80 (m, 2H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 4.82 – 4.68 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.27 (dd, / = 12.4, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.09 – 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.91 – 1.67 (m, 3H), 1.67 – 1.49 (m, 1H).MS (ESI) m/z 513.3 [M+H]+.
NEW YORK and OSAKA, Japan, Nov. 3, 2014 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. (Nasdaq:ITCI) and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced today that they have entered into an agreement to mutually terminate the February 2011 license agreement covering Intra-Cellular Therapies’ proprietary compound ITI-214 and related PDE1 inhibitors and to return the rights for these compounds to Intra-Cellular Therapies.
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Under the terms of the agreement, Intra-Cellular Therapies has regained all worldwide development and commercialization rights for the compounds previously licensed to Takeda. Takeda will be responsible for transitioning the compounds back toIntra-Cellular Therapies and will not participate in future development or commercialization activities. After transition of the program, Intra-Cellular Therapies plans to continue the clinical development of PDE1 inhibitors for the treatment of central nervous system, cardiovascular and other disorders.
“We are grateful for Takeda’s substantial efforts in advancing this program into clinical development,” said Dr. Sharon Mates, Chairman and CEO of Intra-Cellular Therapies. “This provides us with the opportunity to unify our PDE1 platform and we look forward to continuing the development of ITI-214 and our other PDE1 inhibitors.”
Intra-Cellular Therapies will discuss the PDE1 program in its previously announced earnings call on Monday, November 3, 2014 at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time. To participate in the conference call, please dial 844-835-6563 (U.S.) or 970-315-3916 (International) five to ten minutes prior to the start of the call. The participant passcode is 25568442.
About PDE1 Inhibitors
PDE1 inhibitors are unique, orally available, investigational drug candidates being developed for the treatment of cognitive impairments accompanying schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders and neurological diseases and may also treat patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Parkinson’s disease. These compounds may also have the potential to improve motor dysfunction associated with these conditions and may also have the potential to treat patients with multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These compounds are very selective for the PDE1 subfamily relative to other PDE subfamilies. They have no known significant off target activities at other enzymes, receptors or ion channels.
About Intra-Cellular Therapies
Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. (the “Company”) is developing novel drugs for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease and other disorders of the central nervous system (“CNS”). The Company is developing its lead drug candidate, ITI-007, for the treatment of schizophrenia, behavioral disturbances in dementia, bipolar disorder and other neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. The Company is also utilizing its phosphodiesterase platform and other proprietary chemistry platforms to develop drugs for the treatment of CNS disorders.
About Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
Located in Osaka, Japan, Takeda is a research-based global company with its main focus on pharmaceuticals. As the largest pharmaceutical company in Japan and one of the global leaders of the industry, Takeda is committed to strive towards better health for people worldwide through leading innovation in medicine. Additional information about Takeda is available through its corporate website, www.Takeda.com.
Source: Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
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O=C(C1=C(NC2=CC=CC=C2)N(CC3=CC=C(C4=NC(F)=CC=C4)C=C3)N=C1N56)N(C)C5=N[C@@]7([H])[C@]6([H])CCC7.O=P(O)(O)O
OR
Fc1cccc(n1)c2ccc(cc2)Cn7nc5N3C(=N[C@@H]4CCC[C@H]34)N(C)C(=O)c5c7Nc6ccccc6
DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

The FDA has presented the draft of a revised guideline on dissolution testing for immediate release. Under certain conditions, the tests can now be standardised. Read on to get more information about FDA’s Guideline on Dissolution Testing.
http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05230_FDA-Guideline-on-Dissolution-Testing_15398,Z-QCM_n.html
In August 2015, the FDA published the draft of a guideline on dissolution testing for immediate release solid oral dosage forms. It is planned that after its finalisation, a part of this guideline will replace the current guideline from August 1997.
The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) distinguishes 4 different classes of APIs depending on their solubility and permeability.
On the basis of this classification, a decision can be taken for determining when bioavailability or bioequivalence studies are required, or when a successful in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) is likely.
The BCS proposes that, for certain medicinal products which contain a high soluble API, dissolution testing can be standardised. Due to their high solubility…
View original post 121 more words

Supplier Qualification is more than auditing. Supplier qualification can be seen as a risk assessment tool. But what are the exact requirements for qualifying suppliers?
Supplier Qualification is more than auditing. Supplier qualification can be seen as a risk assessment tool. It should provide an appropriate level of confidence that suppliers, vendors and contractors are able to supply consistent quality of materials, components and services in compliance with regulatory requirements. An integrated supplier qualification process should also identify and mitigate the associated risks of materials, components and services. But what are the exact requirements?
They are wide-ranging and complex. There are different directives and regulations for medicinal drug products for human or veterinary use and for investigational medicinal drug products. Certain requirements in different directives and the EU-GMP Guidelines define expectations. Here are some examples:
Article 8 of EU-Directive 2001/83/EC
“The application [of a marketing authorization] shall be accompanied […] by […] a written confirmation that the manufacturer of the medicinal product has verified compliance of the manufacturer of active substance with principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practice by conducting audits.”
Article 46 of EU-Directive 2001/83/EC
“The holder of a manufacturing and/or import authorisation shall at least be obliged […] to use only active substances, which have been manufactured in accordance with GMP for active substances and distributed in accordance with GDP for active substances and … to ensure that the excipients are suitable for use in medicinal products by ascertaining what the appropriate GMP is.”
Article 46b of EU-Directive 2001/83/EC
“Active substances shall only be imported if they have been manufactured in accordance with standards of good manufacturing practice at least equivalent to those laid down by the European Union”. This can be shown by a written confirmation, or the exporting country is included in the so called white list, or a waiver has been granted.
EU-GMP Guidelines Chapter 5:
5.25 “The purchase of starting materials is an important operation which should involve staff who have a particular and thorough knowledge of the supplier.”
5.26 “Starting materials should only be purchased from approved suppliers …”
5.40 “…printed packaging materials shall be accorded attention similar to that given to starting materials.”
The revised Chapter 7 of the EU-GMP Guidelines describe the responsibilities of the Contract Giver when it comes to contract manufacturing and testing. He needs to assure the control of the outsourced activities, incorporating quality risk management principles and including continuous reviews of the quality of the Contract Acceptor’s performance. Audits are a helpful tool to asses the “legality, suitability and the competence of the Contract Acceptor“. The new Chapter 7 was obviously designed to intensify the control of Contract Acceptors by the Contract Giver and extend those controls to subcontractors.
The holder of the manufacturing authorisation is responsible for the supplier qualification by law but in fact the supplier qualification is one of the duties of the Qualified Person (which can be delegated) as defined in Annex 16 of the EU-GMP Guidelines. The QP of the marketing authorisation holder is responsible for certifying the drug product for the market place and is now being held accountable to ensure that all aspects of the supply chain have been made under the appropriate GMPs. However, according to Chapter 2 of the EU-GMP Guidelines, the heads of Production, Quality Control and Quality Assurance share the responsibility of approving and monitoring suppliers of materials (2.9).
So how to proceed? At the beginning of a supplier qualification process, the regulatory requirements regarding the type of material, component or service and the type of product (human/veterinary drug product or IMP) should be identified and specified. Audits, if required, should be planned and executed. The compliance of the selected supplier(s) with the requirements and user requirement specification should be demonstrated. The scope of an audit should cover this. But a successful audit is not the end of the qualification process. After finalising the contract, the compliance of the selected supplier(s) with the applicable requirements should be evaluated periodically. Changes at the supplier´s site (for example manufacturing process etc.) that pose a particular risk to the compliance with the requirements should be assessed. There needs to be a mechanism in place so that any change made by the supplier which could have an impact on the GMP status or the production or testing parameters have to be agreed to before any such changes are implemented. A supplier must also notify the contract giver immediately upon discovery of any deviation/non-conformance/complaint that may have an impact on the services provided. Those need to be assessed and respective actions need to be defined.
The use of Brokers:
Some raw materials are only available at reasonable costs if purchased through an intermediary, i.e. a Broker. If the material is critical to the process, e.g. an API or a key excipient this can give an added complexity to the process and this must be fully investigated with the Quality and Regulatory units being involved, before any orders are placed.







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A step-wise integrated risk-based approach to determine a control strategy for according to ICH Q3D has to consider data from all kinds of potential sources for elemental impurities in particular from excipients. Read more about the newly created Elemental Impurities Database as a valuable support for performing risk assessments for drug products.
http://www.gmp-compliance.org/eca_mitt_05257_15499_n.html
The new ICH Q3D Guideline on Elemental Impurities strongly advocates the use of risk assessments in order to define a final control strategy. Specific challenges appear when risks associated with production equipment, packaging material and excipients have to be determined, and quantified. In particular the contribution of elemental impurities from excipients is not easy to assess due to their big variety and the lack of information from excipient vendors.
Quite recently a pharma consortium started an initiative which aims to collect and share data from pharmaceutical excipients by establishing a database. This Elemental Impurities (EI) Database provides information required for performing a comprehensive risk assessment of a drug product with respect to elemental impurities. Interested companies can contribute to this database by providing information about excipients and may also benefit from this database by taking out information needed for their risk assessments.
The “Impurities Workshop” from 14-16 June 2016 in Heidelberg, Germany provides a comprehensive and practical oriented review of impurities analysis and characterisation in drug substances and drug products. Part III of the workshop on 16 June 2016 is specifically dedicated to Elemental Impurites. In the subsequent post-Conference Workshop on 17 June 2016 the above mentioned EI Database will be explained. The following questions will be discussed:
This post-Conference Workshop is free of charge. It ideally complements the previous parts of the “Impurities Workshop” and can be booked in combination with either Part III or all Parts of the “Impurities Workshop”. As we expect a high interest in this post-Conference Workshop participants joining the “Impurities Workshop” (one day or all three days) will be registered first

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Mehta Api Pvt Ltd, Cinacalcet hydrochloride, New patent, WO 2016027211
Mehta Api had cinacalcet hydrochloride under development and holds US DMF and European DMF as listed on the company’s website. Amgen and Kyowa Hakko Kirin, under license from NPS Pharmaceuticals, have developed and launched cinacalcet.
The present filing represents the first PCT filing from the assignee, which focuses on developing (using green chemistry) manufacturing and marketing of API’s- multi step, highly complex, potent, chiral and semi-synthetic, advance intermediates, specialty chemicals and building blocks.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CINACALCET AND ITS PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALTS
MEHTA API PVT. LTD. [IN/IN]; 203, Centre Point, 2nd Floor, Near Hotel Kohinoor, J.B. Nagar, Andheri-Kurla Road, Andheri (East), Maharashtra, Mumbai 400 059 (IN)
KHAN, Rao, Uwais, Ahmad; (IN).
PATHAK, Rajesh, Harshnath; (IN).
PATIL, Chetan, Vinesh; (IN).
GAIKWAD, Sanjay, Ramrao; (IN).
APAR, Shrikrishna, Motiram; (IN).
LINGE, Govind, Udhavrao; (IN).
SHAIKH, Mohammad, Umar; (IN)
Cinacalcet (N-[l-(R)-(-)-(l-naphthyl) ethyl]-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-l-aminopropane) of Formula II, belongs to a category of calcimimetics class of compounds. It is useful for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism and the preservation of bone density in patients with kidney failure or hypercalcemia due to cancer. It is marketed under the trade name of Senipar in United States and under the trade name of Mimpara in Europe.
US6211244 and Drugs of the future (2002) 27 (9): 831, discloses a synthesis of Cinacalcet by reductive amination which implies the reaction of (R)-(l-naphthyl) ethylamine of formula (IV) with 3 -[3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] propionaldehyde of formula (V) in the presence of titaniumisopropoxide to afford the corresponding cinacalcet imine of formula (III), which is reduced to cinacalcet of formula (II) with NaBH4CN in ethanol.
WO2012007954 A 1 discloses process for Cinacalcet by reductive amination in presence of titanium Isopropoxide using NaBH4CN, wherein an ether solvent is used instead of ethanol. Indian patent applications 2268/DEL/2008 and 87/MUM/2011 disclose preparation of Cinacalcet wherein reaction of (R)-(I-naphthyl)ethylamine of formula (IV) with 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] propionaldehyde of formula (V) is carried out in the presence of titaniumisopropoxide to afford the corresponding cinacalcet imine, which is further reduced to cinacalcet with NaBH4.
The above disclosed processes require the use of reagents such as NaBH4CN, titanium isopropoxide, which are extremely toxic and flammable as well as not being environmentally sound. These reagents therefore make the industrial application of the process difficult.
US20110124917A1 and WO2008068625A2 both disclose preparation of Cinacalcet by reductive amination wherein reduction is performed by using sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride as a selective reducing agent for imines.
Sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride is hygroscopic in nature hence demands anhydrous conditions to be maintained rendering it not suitable for use on industrial scale.
WO2012007954 A 1 discloses reaction and work-up in THF followed by salt formation in Di-isopropyl ether and further purification in two solvent system consisting of Water and Methanol or Water and Acetonitrile. US20110124917 discloses reaction in Methanol, Workup in toluene, Salt formation in Ethyl Acetate and purification in Isopropanol. WO2008068625A2 discloses reaction, salt formation and Purification in two solvent system consisting of isobutyl Acetate and n-Heptane. 2268/DEL/2008 discloses reaction in MDC, Salt formation in Ethyl Acetate and Purification in Ethyl Acetate and Di-isopropyl ether. 87/MUM/2011 discloses reaction in THF, work-up in toluene. Salt formation in two solvent system consisting of cyclohexane and MTBE.
All the above prior-art process employs use of different solvents for each unit operation or a two-solvent system for purification, thereby rendering the processes not easily scalable on industrial scale.
1367/MUM/2009 discloses reductive amination using sodium borohydride with 67.6% yield reported. 3068/MUM/2012 discloses reductive amination using sodium borohydride with 86% yield but with less purity. Further 3068/MUM/2012 requires the usage of sulphuric acid for the reaction of (R)-(I-naphthyl)ethylamine of formula (II) with 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] propionaldehyde of formula (III).
Thus the processes disclosed above have one or other drawbacks, ranging from poor yield, purity, use of difficult to handle and toxic reagents or use of different solvents for each unit operation.
In view of the problems occurred in above methods, there remains a need for more economical and efficient industrially scalable process for the preparation of Cinacalcet and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which overcomes the drawbacks as disclosed in the prior art.
The present inventors have surprisingly found that when the condensation of [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propionaldehyde of formula – (V) with (R)-(l- naphthyl)ethylamine formula – (IV) is carried out in the absence of any reagent and water is removed under vacuum by azeotropic distillation at low temperatures in the optional presence of water scavengers, than Cinacalcet.hydrochloride with high purity and yield is obtained. Further the process is also industrially feasible due to the non-usage of hazardous reagents as also due to the reduction in isolation and purification steps.

Example I:
Preparation of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride, Formula (la)
To (1000 ml) toluene in a 4Neck Round Bottom flask along with dean-stark apparatus coupled to a condenser, charge (80gms) (R)-(l- naphthyl) ethylamine of formula – (IV). Cool to 10-15°C. Charge (lOOgms) 3-[(3-Trifluoromethyl)phenyl] propionaldehyde of formula (V). Apply vacuum to the reaction mass through condenser and maintain for 8 hrs simultaneously azeotroping out water generated in the reaction till the reaction complies by thin layer chromatography to give Cinacalcet imine of formula (III) in-situ. Release vacuum after the reaction complies. Water collected after Azeotropic distillation: 7-7.5 ml. Cool the reaction mass to 5-10°C. Charge (35 gms) sodium borohydride in two lots to the reaction mass and raise the temperature to 25-30°C. Maintain the reaction mass for 8 hrs to give Cinacalcet of formula (II) in-situ. After the reaction complies by thin layer chromatography adjust the pH of the reaction mass to about pH 6 using acetic acid. Charge (200 ml) water to the reaction mass and stir for 30 mins. Separate Layers the organic layer and treat with 15% HC1 (150 ml). Stirr the Reaction mass at 40 – 50°C for one hour and separate the layer. Heat the toluene at same temperature. Adjust pH of toluene layer to below pH-2 by treating with 15% HC1 (150 ml) at 40-45 °C. Distill out 500 ml toluene under vacuum below 45 °C. Gradually charge 500 ml water to the reaction mass along with simultaneously distilling out 500 ml toluene approximately. Filter the reaction mass to give crude Cinacalcet Hydrochloride. Dry at 45-50°C for 8 hrs.
Weight: 182 gms
% Yield on theoretical basis: 98.9%
Purity: 97.54%
To (182 gms) of Crude cinacalcet Hydrochloride charge (800 ml) Methyl tert butyl ether and stirr for 60°C for 3 hrs. Cool gradually at 25-30°C and further chill the reaction mass to 0°C -5°C. Maintain the reaction mass at 0-5°C for 2 hrs and filter under vacuum followed by washing to the wet-cake with (100 ml) chilled Methyl tert butyl ether.
Wet cake is dried under vacuum at 40°C.
Weight: 163 gms
Yield on theoretical basis: 88.58%
Purity: 99.54%
To (163 gms) of MTBE pure Cinacalcet Hydrochloride is charged (400 ml) Isopropanol and heated to 70-75°C to get a clear solution which is then gradually cooled to 25-30°C and further chilled to 0-5 °C. The reaction mass is maintained for 2 hrs at same temperature and filtered under vacuum followed by washing with chilled isopropanol. Wet cake is dried under vacuum at 40°C.
Weight: 157 gms
Yield on theoretical basis: 85.32%
Purity: 99.91%
Example II:
Preparation of Crude Cinacalcet Hydrochloride, Formula (la)
To (1000 ml) toluene in a 4Neck Round Bottom flask, is charged (80gms) (R)-(l-naphthyl)ethylamine of formula (IV). Cooled to 10-15°C. Charged (lOOgms) 3-[(3-Trifluoromethyl)phenyl] propionaldehyde of formula (V) slowly. Charged (1 gm) Calcium Chloride and maintained for 8 hrs till the reaction complies by thin layer chromatography to give Cinacalcet imine of formula (III) in-situ. After the reaction complies, the reaction mass is cooled to 5-10°C. Charged (35 gms) sodium borohydride in two lots to the reaction mass and raised the temperature to 25-30°C.The reaction mass is maintained for 8 hrs to give Cinacalcet Free base of formula (II) in-situ. After the reaction complies by thin layer chromatography pH of the reaction mass is adjusted to about pH 6 using acetic acid. Charged (200 ml) water to the reaction mass and stirred for 30 mins. Layers separated and the organic layer is treated with 15% HC1 (150 ml). Reaction mass is stirred at 40 – 50°C for one hour and layer separated. Toluene layer is water washed at same temperature. pH of toluene layer adjusted to below pH-2 by treating with 15% HC1 (150 ml) at 40-45°C. Distill out 500 ml toluene under vacuum below 45 °C. Gradually charge 500 ml water to the reaction mass along with simultaneously distilling out 500 ml toluene approximately. Filter the reaction mass to give crude Cinacalcet Hydrochloride. Dry at 45-50°C for 8 hrs
Weight: 178 gms
Yield on theoretical basis: 96.73%
Purity: 94.88%
To (178 gms) of Crude cinacalcet Hydrochloride charged (800 ml) Methyl tert butyl ether and stirr for 60°C for 3 hrs. Allowed to cool gradually at 25-30°C and further chilled the reaction mass to 0-5°C. Maintained the reaction mass at 0-5°C for 2 hrs and filtered under vacuum followed by washing to the wet-cake with (100 ml) chilled Methyl tert butyl ether. Wet cake is dried under vacuum at 40°C.
Weight: 159 gms,
% Yield on theoretical basis: 86.40%
Purity: 99.77%
To (159 gms) of MTBE pure Cinacalcet Hydrochloride is charged (400 ml) Isopropanol and heated to 70-75°C to get a clear solution. Gradually cool to 25-30°C and further chill to 0-5 °C. Maintain the reaction mass is for 2 hrs at same temperature and filte under vacuum followed by washing with chilled isopropanol. Wet cake is dried under vacuum at 40°C. Weight: 150 gms
% Yield on theoretical basis: 81.51 %
Purity: 99.91 %
Example III:
Preparation of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride, Formula (la)
To (1000 ml) toluene in a 4Neck Round Bottom flask, charge (80gms) (R)-(l-naphthyl)ethylamine of formula (IV). Cool to 10-15°C. Charge (lOOgms) 3-[(3-Trifluoromethyl)phenyl] propionaldehyde of formula (V). Charge ( 1 gm) Molecular Sieves and maintain the reaction mass for 8 hrs till the reaction complies by thin layer chromatography to give Cinacalcet imine of formula (III) in-situ. After the reaction complies, cool the reaction mass to 5-10°C. Charge (35 gms) sodium borohydride in two lots to the reaction mass and raise the temperature to 25-30°C. Maintain the reaction mass for 8 hrs to give Cinacalcet of formula (II) in-situ. After the reaction complies by thin layer chromatography adjust the pH of the reaction mass to about pH 6 using acetic acid. Charge (200 ml) water to the reaction mass and stir for 30 mins. Separate the layers and treat organic layer with 15% HC1 (150 ml).Stirr Reaction mass is at 40 – 50°C for one hour and separate layers. Water wash toluene layer at same temperature. Adjust pH of toluene layer pH-2 by treating with 15% HC1 (150 ml) at 40-45 °C. Distill and degasse under vacuum below 70°C to give Cinacalcet Hydrochloride
Weight: 172 gms
Yield on theoretical basis: 93.47%
Purity: 97.29%
To (172 gms) of Crude cinacalcet Hydrochloride charge (800 ml) Methyl tert butyl ether and stirr for 60°C for 3 hrs. Cool gradually at 25-30°C and further chill the reaction mass to 0-5 °C. Maintain the reaction mass at 0-5 °C for 2 hrs and filter under vacuum followed by washing to the wet-cake with (100 ml) chilled Methyl tert butyl ether.
Wet cake is dried under vacuum at 40°C.
Weight: 155 gms
% Yield on theoretical basis: 84.23%
Purity: 99.57%
To (155 gms) of MTBE pure Cinacalcet Hydrochloride charge (400 ml) Isopropanol and heat to 70-75°C to get a clear solution which is then gradually cooled to 25-30°C and further chill to 0-5 °C. Maintain the reaction mass i for 2 hrs at same temperature and filter under vacuum followed by washing with chilled isopropanol. Wet cake is dried under vacuum at 40°C.
Weight: 146 gms
% Yield on theoretical basis: 79.34%
Purity: 99.83%
Mehta API Pvt. Ltd.



Chief Executive Officer at MEHTA API PVT LTD
////////Mehta Api Pvt Ltd, Cinacalcet hydrochloride, New patent, WO-2016027211, WO 2016027211

Afatinib dimaleate, Dr Reddy’s, New patent, WO-2016027243,
DR. REDDY’S LABORATORIES LIMITED [IN/IN]; 8-2-337, Road No. 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India – 500034. Hyderabad 500034 (IN)
RAMAKRISHNAN, Srividya; (IN).
PEDDY, Vishweshwar; (IN).
MAHAPATRA, Sudarshan; (IN).
KANNIAH, Sundara Lakshmi; (IN).
CHENNURU, Ramanaiah; (IN).
JOSE, Jithin; (IN).
DHAGE, Yogesh Mohanrao; (IN).
PEDDIREDDY, Subba Reddy; (IN).
YARRAGUNTLA, Sesha Reddy; (IN).
RAGHUVEER, Sherial; (IN).
KOLLA, Srinivasa Rao; (IN).
ANIL KSHIRSAGAR, Shivani; (IN).
JAFAR SHAIKH, Latif; (IN).
BANDARU, Srinivasulu; (IN)
The drug compound having the adopted name afatinib dimaleate, has a chemical name N-[4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy]-6-quinazolinyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-,(2E)-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1 :2), and is represented by structure of formula I

Formula I
Afatinib dimaleate is an anticancer protein kinase inhibitor indicated for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Process for preparation of afatinib, afatinib dimaleate and intermediates useful in preparation of afatinib dimaleate are described in US Patent Nos. 7,019,012; 8,426,586 and 7,960,546.
US Patent No. 8,426,586 discloses crystalline Form A of afatinib dimaleate salt and processes for preparation thereof. US Patent Application Publication No. 20140051713 discloses crystalline Form B of afatinib dimaleate salt and processes for preparation thereof. PCT Application Publication No. 2013052157 discloses crystalline Form C, Form D and Form E of afatinib dimaleate salt and processes for preparation thereof. The PCT publication also discloses crystalline Form A, B, C and Form D of afatinib base.
Polymorphism, the occurrence of different crystal forms, is a phenomenon of some molecules and molecular complexes. A single molecule may give rise to a variety of polymorphs having distinct crystal structures and physical properties. Polymorphs in general will have different melting points, thermal behaviors (e.g. measured by thermogravimetric analysis – “TGA”, or differential scanning calorimetry – “DSC”), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD or powder XRD) pattern, infrared absorption fingerprint, and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. One or more of these techniques may be used to distinguish different polymorphic forms of a compound.
Discovering new polymorphic forms, hydrates and solvates of a pharmaceutical product can provide materials having desirable processing properties, such as ease of handling, ease of processing, storage stability, and ease of purification or as desirable intermediate crystal forms that facilitate conversion to other polymorphic forms. New polymorphic forms and solvates of a pharmaceutically useful compound or salts thereof can also provide an opportunity to improve the performance characteristics of a pharmaceutical product. It enlarges the repertoire of materials that a formulation scientist has available for formulation optimization, for example by providing a product with different properties, e.g., better processing or handling characteristics, improved dissolution profile, or improved shelf-life. For at least these reasons, there is a need for additional solid state forms of Afatinib di-maleate.
SUMMARY
The present application provides novel solid state forms of Afatinib di-maleate, processes for preparing them, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
The present application also encompasses the use of novel solid state forms of Afatinib di-maleate provided herein, for the preparation of other afatinib salts, other solid state forms of afatinib dimaleate, and formulations thereof.
The present application also encompasses the use of any one of the novel solid state forms of Afatinib di-maleate disclosed herein for the preparation of a medicament, preferably for the treatment of cancer, particularly for the treatment of cancers mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinases, e.g., solid tumors including NSCLC, breast, head and neck cancer, and a variety of other cancers mediated by EGFR or HER2 tyrosine kinases. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising any one of the Afatinib di-maleate crystalline forms of the present invention and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
The present application also provides a method of treating cancer, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the Afatinib di-
maleate novel solid state forms of the present application, or at least one of the above pharmaceutical compositions to a person suffering from cancer, particularly a person suffering from a cancer mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinases, e.g., solid tumors including but not limited to NSCLC, breast, head and neck cancer, and a variety of other cancers mediated by EGFR or HER2 tyrosine kinases.
Example 1 : Preparation of amorphous form of afatinib dimaleate.
2.0 g of afatinib dimaleate was dissolved in 80 mL of a mixture of methanol and acetone (3:1 ) at 26°C and stirred for 15 min. The solution was filtered to remove the undissolved particles and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure at 50°C. After distillation the solid was dried under vacuum at 45°C to get 1 .29 g of amorphous afatinib dimaleate. PXRD pattern: Fig. 1 .
///////Afatinib dimaleate, Dr Reddy’s, New patent, WO-2016027243, WO 2016027243