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ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY

Read all about Organic Spectroscopy on ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY INTERNATIONAL 

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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, NIPER-G, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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NDA-US Marketing by Ranbaxy, Alembic has announced that it has received an NDA approval for extended release version of Pfizer’s anti depressant drug Pristiq, Desvenlafaxine Base

March 5, 2013 11:23 am / 4 Comments on NDA-US Marketing by Ranbaxy, Alembic has announced that it has received an NDA approval for extended release version of Pfizer’s anti depressant drug Pristiq, Desvenlafaxine Base


DESVENLAFAXINE

read at

http://www.pharmaintellect.com/2013/03/alembic-gets-approval-for-extended.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Pharmainvest+%28PharmaInvest%29

http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/alembic-pharma-gets-us-nod-for-antidepressant-tablets-113030500304_1.html

5 march 2013

Alembic has announced that it has received an NDA approval for extended release version of  Pfizer’s anti depressant drug Pristiq. Pristiq sell approximately  $550m in the US. Alembic has outlicensed rights to  Ranbaxy for marketing in the US. The company will start marketing the product immediately.

Alembic will manufacture and supply the drug to Ranbaxy for marketing in the US. Vadodara-based pharma player, Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited has received the approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for a bioequivalent version of Pristiq by Pfizer.

In a statement filed with the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) on Tuesday, Alembic informed that it has received USFDA approval for its new drug application (NDA), desvenlafaxine base extended release tablets.
The company is the sponsor and manufacturer of the NDA. Desvenlafaxine base extended release tablets is a prescription medicine and it is Alimbic’s first 505 (B) (2) filing. The product is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder.”The company has entered into an out-licensing arrangement with Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited for exclusively marketing the product in the US market,” the statement said.

The product will be available in 50 mg and 100 mg disage strengths. The product will be launched immediately.
As per the industry data, the current market size for Pristiq is approximately US $ 538 million (approx. Rs 2900 crore).

Otsuka receives FDA approval for ABILIFY MAINTENA to treat schizophrenia

March 2, 2013 3:03 am / 4 Comments on Otsuka receives FDA approval for ABILIFY MAINTENA to treat schizophrenia


7-{4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butoxy}-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one

aripiprazole

mar 1, 2013

Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Otsuka) and H. Lundbeck A/S (Lundbeck) announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved ABILIFY MAINTENA™ (aripiprazole) for extended- release injectable suspension, an intramuscular (IM) depot formulation indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia.

ABILIFY MAINTENA is the first dopamine D2 partial agonist approved as a once- monthly injection. It contributes a new treatment option to address the ongoing need for relapse prevention in patients with schizophrenia – a chronic, debilitating disease.

Efficacy was demonstrated in a 52-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized-withdrawal, Phase 3 maintenance trial of ABILIFY MAINTENA in patients with schizophrenia. The time to relapse was the primary endpoint. In the trial, ABILIFY MAINTENA>1 In a key secondary endpoint, the percentage of subjects experiencing relapse (i.e., meeting clinical trial criteria for exacerbation of psychotic symptoms/relapse) was also significantly lower with ABILIFY MAINTENA compared to placebo at the end of the study (10% vs. 40%, respectively; p<0.0001). Additional support for efficacy was derived from oral aripiprazole trials.

Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. ABILIFY MAINTENA is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis. ABILIFY MAINTENA is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity reaction to aripiprazole. Reactions have ranged from pruritus/urticaria to anaphylaxis (see Important Safety Information below).

ABILIFY MAINTENA will be the first commercialized product from the long-term global alliance between Otsuka and Lundbeck to develop CNS medicines worldwide. The companies expect the product will start becoming available in the U.S. on March 18.

Aripiprazolebrand names: Abilify, Aripiprex) is a partial dopamine agonist of the second generation class of atypical antipsychoticswith additional antidepressant properties that is used in the treatment of schizophrenia,bipolar disorder, and clinical depression. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for schizophrenia on November 15, 2002 and the European Medicines Agency on 4 June 2004; for acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder on October 1, 2004; as an adjunct for major depressive disorder on November 20, 2007; and to treat irritability in children with autism on 20 November 2009.[1][2] Aripiprazole was developed by Otsuka in Japan, and in the United States,Otsuka America markets it jointly with Bristol-Myers Squibb.

 

Pernix Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced that its subsidiary, Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has received FDA approval of a NDA for Vituz Oral Solution (hydrocodone bitartrate and chlorpheniramine maleate).

March 1, 2013 3:38 am / 4 Comments on Pernix Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced that its subsidiary, Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has received FDA approval of a NDA for Vituz Oral Solution (hydrocodone bitartrate and chlorpheniramine maleate).


Hydrocodone bitartrate is morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5α)-, [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1), hydrate (2:5); also known as 4,5α-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5); a fine white crystal or crystalline powder, which is derived from the opium alkaloid, thebaine; and may be represented by the following structural formula:

Hydrocodone bitartrate Structural Formula Illustration

Hydrocodone Bitartrate
C18H21N03•C4H606•2.5 H20
Molecular weight = 494.5

Chlorpheniramine maleate is 2-pyridinepropanamine, γ-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, (Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1) and has the following chemical structure:

Chlorpheniramine maleate Structural Formula Illustration

Chlorpheniramine Maleate
C16H19C1N2•C4H404
Molecular weight = 390.86

Feb 28, 2013 – Pernix Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced that its subsidiary, Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a new drug application (NDA) for Vituz Oral Solution (hydrocodone bitartrate and chlorpheniramine maleate). Vituz is indicated for the relief of cough and symptoms associated with upper respiratory allergies or a common cold in adults 18 years of age and older.

Cooper Collins, President and CEO of Pernix, said, “Vituz broadens our cough and cold product line and is our first NDA approved by the FDA, since we closed the acquisition of Hawthorn and Cypress at the end of December 2012. We look forward to the launch of this new treatment option for cough and cold symptoms, which is expected prior to the fall of this year.”

FDA Approves Osphena,Ospemifene for Postmenopausal Women Experiencing Dyspareunia

February 27, 2013 7:45 am / 3 Comments on FDA Approves Osphena,Ospemifene for Postmenopausal Women Experiencing Dyspareunia


Ospemifene.svg

Ospemifene
CAS Number: 128607-22-7

Molecular Formula: C24H23ClO2
Molecular Weight: 378.89 g.mol-1

February 26, 2013 — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Osphena (ospemifene) to treat women experiencing moderate to severe dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse), a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy due to menopause.

Dyspareunia is a condition associated with declining levels of estrogen hormones during menopause. Less estrogen can make vaginal tissues thinner, drier and more fragile, resulting in pain during sexual intercourse.

Osphena, a pill taken with food once daily, acts like estrogen on vaginal tissues to make them thicker and less fragile, resulting in a reduction in the amount of pain women experience with sexual intercourse.

“Dyspareunia is among the problems most frequently reported by postmenopausal women,” said Victoria Kusiak, M.D., deputy director of the Office of Drug Evaluation III in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Osphena provides an additional treatment option for women seeking relief.”

Osphena’s safety and effectiveness were established in three clinical studies of 1,889 postmenopausal women with symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Women were randomly assigned to receive Osphena or a placebo. After 12 weeks of treatment, results from the first two trials showed a statistically significant improvement of dyspareunia in Osphena-treated women compared with women receiving placebo. Results from the third study support Osphena’s long-term safety in treating dyspareunia.

Common side effects reported during clinical trials included hot flush/flashes, vaginal discharge, muscle spasms, genital discharge and excessive sweating.

Osphena is marketed by Florham Park, N.J.-based Shionogi, Inc.

Ospemifene, FC-1271a
2-[4-[4-Chloro-1,2-diphenyl-1(Z)-butenyl]phenoxy]ethanol
Orion Corp. (Originator), Hormos (Codevelopment)
Bone Diseases, Treatment of, ENDOCRINE DRUGS, Gynecological Disorders, Treatment of , Hormone Replacement Therapy, METABOLIC DRUGS, Treatment of Osteoporosis, Treatment of Postmenopausal Syndrome , Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM)
  • Shionogi Files a New Drug Application for Ospemifene Oral Tablets 60mg for the Treatment of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy – May 9, 2012
credit chemdrug
The condensation of desoxybenzoin (I) with 2-(benzyloxy)ethyl bromide (II) by means of aqueous 48% NaOH containing triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBAC) gives 4-(benzyloxy)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butanone (III), which by reaction with the Grignard reagent (IV) – prepared from 4-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)phenyl bromide (V) and Mg in THF – yields the triphenylbutanol derivative (VI). Elimination of the THP-protecting group of compound (VI) by means of H2SO4 in ethanol/water at room temperature affords the triphenylbutanol derivative (VII), which is debenzylated by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C in ethanol to provide the butane-1,4-diol derivative (VIII). Cyclization of the butane-1,4-diol (VIII) by means of H2SO4 in hot ethanol/water gives 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-diphenyltetrahydrofuran (IX), which is treated with 48% HBr in refluxing AcOH to yield a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-diphenyl-3-buten-1-ol (X), which is separated by chemical work up. The phenolic OH group of the desired (Z)-isomer (X) is condensed with 2-(benzyloxy)ethyl bromide (II) by means of NaOH and tetrabutylammonium bromide in refluxing toluene/ water to afford the benzyloxyethyl ether (XII). Reaction of the aliphatic OH group of ether (XII) with PPh3 and CCl4 in acetonitrile provides the corresponding chloro derivative (XIII), which is finally debenzylated with H2 over Pd/C in ethyl acetate/ethanol.
Sorbera, L.A.; Castar, J.; Bay
Ospemifene. Drugs Fut 2004, 29, 1, 38

FDA approves Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine), a new therapy for patients with HER2-positive, late-stage (metastatic) breast cancer.

February 23, 2013 12:21 pm / 1 Comment on FDA approves Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine), a new therapy for patients with HER2-positive, late-stage (metastatic) breast cancer.


A) Trastuzumab emtansine. An ADC is a three-block “engine” -- antibody-linker-drug -- and each part of the composite molecule has to be carefully selected and assembled. Considered as an armed-antibody, an ADC is a bi-dentate construction where both parts (antibody and drug) of the molecule combine their effect to ensure selectivity and potency. The role of the linker arm is of paramount importance demanding a fine tuning to execute the controlled release and delivery of the two active components in the tumor environment.

Structure of trastuzumab emtansine. An ADC is a three-block “engine” — antibody-linker-drug — and each part of the composite molecule has to be carefully selected and assembled. Considered as an armed-antibody, an ADC is a bi-dentate construction where both parts (antibody and drug) of the molecule combine their effect to ensure selectivity and potency. The role of the linker arm is of paramount importance demanding a fine tuning to execute the controlled release and delivery of the two active components in the tumor environment.

Feb. 22, 2013

FDA approves new treatment for late-stage breast cancer

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine), a new therapy for patients with HER2-positive, late-stage (metastatic) breast cancer.

HER2 is a protein involved in normal cell growth. It is found in increased amounts on some types of cancer cells (HER2-positive), including some breast cancers. In these HER2-positive breast cancers, the increased amount of the HER2 protein contributes to cancer cell growth and survival.

Kadcyla is intended for patients who were previously treated with trastuzumab, another anti-HER2 therapy, and taxanes, a class of chemotherapy drugs commonly used for the treatment of breast cancer.

“Kadcyla is trastuzumab connected to a drug called DM1 that interferes with cancer cell growth,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Kadcyla delivers the drug to the cancer site to shrink the tumor, slow disease progression and prolong survival. It is the fourth approved drug that targets the HER2 protein.”

Referred to as T-DM1 during clinical research, Kadcyla was reviewed under the FDA’s priority review program, which provides for an expedited six-month review of drugs that may provide safe and effective therapy when no satisfactory alternative therapy exists, or offer significant improvement compared to marketed products. Other FDA-approved drugs used to treat HER2-positive breast cancer include trastuzumab (1998), lapatinib (2007) and pertuzumab (2012).

Kadcyla, trastuzumab and pertuzumab are marketed by South San Francisco, Calif.-based Genentech, a member of the Roche Group. Lapatinib is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline, based in Research Triangle Park, N.C

ImmunoGen, Inc. a biotechnology company that develops anticancer therapeutics using its TAP technology, today announced that Roche has reported that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted marketing approval to Kadcyla for the treatment of people with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who have received prior treatment with Herceptin® (trastuzumab) and a taxane chemotherapy.

“This is a big day for the patients with this cancer and for ImmunoGen,” commented Daniel Junius, President and CEO. “In clinical testing, the findings with Kadcyla in this patient population have been impressive, and we’re delighted the product can now be used by practicing oncologists across the US. In addition to its importance from a medical perspective, commercialization of Kadcyla also marks the start of ImmunoGen earning royalty income.”

Mr. Junius continued, “The efficacy and tolerability seen with Kadcyla underscores the transformative potential of our technology. Kadcyla is the most advanced of ten compounds with our TAP technology already in the clinic, with more in earlier stages of development. We are hopeful that in the future many different types of cancers will be routinely treated with TAP compounds.”

Genentech licensed from ImmunoGen exclusive rights to use the Company’s maytansinoid TAP technology to develop anticancer products targeting HER2.

breast cancer, treatment, chemotherapy, Kadcyla, trastuzumab, taxanes

According to Genentech, Kadcyla will cost $9,800 per month, compared to $4,500 per month for regular Herceptin. The company estimates a full course of Kadcyla, about nine months of medicine, will cost $94,000. Thus, the cost of the drug is beyond the reach of many women unless they have an insurance plan.

 

”””””’

Afatinib

    • Synonyms:BIBW 2992
    • ATC:L01XE13
  • Use:anticancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  • Chemical name:N-[4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy]-6-quinazolinyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide; N-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-6-{[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-oxo-2-buten-1-yl]amino}-7-((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-quinazoline
  • Formula:C24H25ClFN5O3
  • MW:485.9 g/mol
  • CAS-RN:439081-18-2; 850140-72-6

Derivatives

dimaleate

  • Formula:C32H33ClFN5O11
  • MW:718.1 g/mol
  • CAS-RN:850140-73-7

Substance Classes

Synthesis Path

Substances Referenced in Synthesis Path

CAS-RN Formula Chemical Name CAS Index Name
446-32-2 C7H6FNO2 4-fluoro-anthranilic acid
162012-70-6 C8H3ClFN3O2 4-chloro-7-fluoro-6-nitroquinazoline
367-21-5 C6H5ClFN 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline
86087-23-2 C4H8O2 (S)-(+)-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran
314771-76-1 C18H16ClFN4O2 N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)quinazoline-4,6-diamine
13991-36-1 C4H5BrO2 bromocrotonic acid
3095-95-2 C6H13O5P diethylphophonoacetic acid
618061-76-0 C24H27ClFN4O6P Diethyl-{[4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-7-(((S)-tetrahydro-
furan-3-yloxy)quinazolin-6-yl)carbamoyl]-methyl}phosphonate
3616-56-6 C8H19NO2 (dimethylamino)-acetaldehyde diethylacetate

Trade Names

Country Trade Name Vendor Annotation
USA Gilotrif Boehringer Ingelheim, 2013
EU Giotrif Boehringer Ingelheim, 2013

Formulations

  • tabs.; 20, 30 and 40 mg

References

    • a US 6 251 912 (American Cyanamid; 26.6.2001; appl. 29.7.1998; USA-prior. 1.8.1997).
    • WO 0 250 043 (Boehringer Ingelheim; 27.6.2002; appl. 12.12.2001; DE-prior. 20.12.2000).
    • US RE 43431 (Boehringer Ingelheim; 29.5.2012; appl. 18.8.2009; DE-prior. 20.12.2000).
    • b US 8 426 586 (Boehringer Ingelheim; 1.2.2007; appl. 14.7.2006; DE-prior. 17.10.2003).

  • crystalline forms of Afatinib di-maleate:

    • Solca, F. et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., (2012) 343(2), 342-350.
    • WO 2013 052157 (Ratiopharm/Teva; 11.4.2013; appl. 25.4.2012; USA-prior. 6.10.2011).

FDA grants fresh approval for Novartis’ Zortress, Everolimus

February 19, 2013 7:33 am / 2 Comments on FDA grants fresh approval for Novartis’ Zortress, Everolimus


File:Everolimus.svg

dihydroxy-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone

Everolimus (RAD-001) is the 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl) derivative of sirolimus and works similarly to sirolimus as an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

It is currently used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants and treatment of renal cell cancer and other tumours. Much research has also been conducted on everolimus and other mTOR inhibitors for use in a number of cancers.

It is marketed by Novartis under the tradenames Zortress (USA) and Certican (Europe and other countries) in transplantation medicine, and Afinitor in oncology.

18 feb 2013

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Novartis’ Zortress for preventing organ rejection in adults receiving a liver transplant.

The Swiss major noted that Zortress (everolimus) is the first mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor given the green light for use following liver transplantation and the first immunosuppressant approved by the FDA in over a decade for that use. The treatment is already on the market for preventing organ rejection in kidney transplant patients.

The approval was based on the largest liver transplant study to date, conducted in 719 liver transplant patients, Novartis says. The data showed that Zortress plus reduced-exposure tacrolimus (a well-established immunosuppresant) led to comparable efficacy and higher renal function compared to standard tacrolimus at 12 months.

Everolimus

Novartis Pharma chief David Epstein noted that this second indication for Zortress in just three years in the USA follows the recent European approval (in the fourth quarter of 2012) of the drug for liver transplants. It is marketed there as Certican and is also approved in Europe in kidney and heart transplantation.

Everolimus is also sold as Afinitor and Volubia in various oncology indications and is licensed to Abbott Laboratories (and sublicensed to Boston Scientific) for use in drug-eluting stents.

http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v8/n7/full/nrd2924.html

 

 

take a tour

Eritrea, africa

 

 

Map of eritrea

Eritrea – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea

Eritrea (/ˌɛrɨˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrɨˈtriːə/; Tigrinya: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā ; Arabic: إرتريا‎ … Its name Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ …

Isaias Afwerki

Isaias Afwerki (sometimes spelled Afewerki; Tigrinya: ኢሳይያስ …

History of Eritrea

History of Eritrea. Coat of Arms of Eritrea. Pre-colonial. Kingdom …

 

asmara

 

 

 

 

asmara

 

Massawa Old City

Eritrea – Island of the Red Seo of Eritrea –

keren

 

 

“Asara” traditional sesami oil press – Eritrea (Saied Ibrahim Yehdego)

 

 

////////

FDA Approves Pomalyst for Advanced Multiple Myeloma – February 8, 2013

February 10, 2013 1:11 am / Leave a comment


File:Pomalidomide.png

Pomalyst (pomalidomide) Capsules

Company: Celgene Corporation
Date of Approval: February 8, 2013
Treatment for: Multiple Myeloma

Pomalyst (pomalidomide) is a thalidomide analogue indicated for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Pomalyst (pomalidomide) to treat patients with multiple myeloma whose disease progressed after being treated with other cancer drugs.

Multiple myeloma is a form of blood cancer that primarily affects older adults and arises from plasma cells in the bone marrow. According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 21,700 Americans are diagnosed with multiple myeloma and 10,710 die yearly from the disease.

Pomalyst is a pill that modulates the body’s immune system to destroy cancerous cells and inhibit their growth. It is intended for patients who have received at least two prior therapies, including lenalidomide and bortezomib, and whose disease did not respond to treatment and progressed within 60 days of the last treatment (relapsed and refractory).

“Pomalyst is the third drug in a class of immunomodulatory agents that includes lenalidomide and thalidomide, and is the second drug approved in the past year to treat multiple myeloma,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Treatment for multiple myeloma is tailored to meet individual patient’s needs, and today’s approval provides an additional treatment option for patients who have not responded to other drugs.”

File:Pomalidomide.png

pomalidomide. 4-Amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione

Pomalidomide (INN, originally CC-4047 or 3-amino-thalidomide, marketed as Pomalyst by Celgene), is a derivative of thalidomide that is anti-angiogenic and also acts as an immunomodulator. Pomalidomide was approved on February 8, 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.[1] An application for approval to treat multiple myeloma also has been submitted by Celgene to the European Medicines Agency, and a decision on that application is expected by the second half of 2013.[1]

Origin and development

The parent compound of pomalidomide, thalidomide, was originally discovered to inhibit angiogenesis in 1994.[2] Based upon this discovery, thalidomide was taken into clinical trials for cancer, leading to its ultimate FDA approval for multiple myeloma. Further structure activity studies done in Dr. Robert D’Amato’s lab at Boston Children’s Hospital led to the first report in 2001[3] that 3-amino-thalidomide was able to directly inhibit both the tumor cell and vascular compartments of myeloma cancers. This dual activity of pomalidomide makes it more efficacious than thalidomide in vitro and in vivo.[4]

Clinical trials

Phase I trial results showed tolerable side effects.[5]

Phase II clinical trials for multiple myeloma and myelofibrosis reported ‘promising results’.[6][7]

Phase III results were reported at ASH in 2012 and showed significant extension of progression-free survival (median 3.6 months vs. 1.8 months; P < 0.001), and overall survival in patients taking pomalidomide and dexamethasone.[8]

  1. “Pomalyst (Pomalidomide) Approved By FDA For Relapsed And Refractory Multiple Myeloma”. The Myeloma Beacon. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
  2. D’Amato, Robert J.; Loughnan, Michael S.; Flynn, Evelyn; Folkman, Judah (1994). “Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91 (9): 4082–5. Bibcode 1994PNAS…91.4082D. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.9.4082. JSTOR 2364596. PMC 43727. PMID 7513432.
  3. D’Amato, R; Lentzsch, S; Anderson, KC; Rogers, MS (2001). “Mechanism of action of thalidomide and 3-aminothalidomide in multiple myeloma”. Seminars in Oncology 28 (6): 597–601. doi:10.1016/S0093-7754(01)90031-4. PMID 11740816.
  4. Lentzsch, S; Rogers, MS; Leblanc, R; Birsner, AE; Shah, JH; Treston, AM; Anderson, KC; D’Amato, RJ (2002). “S-3-Amino-phthalimido-glutarimide inhibits angiogenesis and growth of B-cell neoplasias in mice”. Cancer research 62 (8): 2300–5. PMID 11956087.
  5. Streetly, Matthew J.; Gyertson, Kylie; Daniel, Yvonne; Zeldis, Jerome B.; Kazmi, Majid; Schey, Stephen A. (2008). “Alternate day pomalidomide retains anti-myeloma effect with reduced adverse events and evidence of in vivo immunomodulation”. British Journal of Haematology 141 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07013.x. PMID 18324965.
  6. “Promising Results From 2 Trials Highlighting Pomalidomide Presented At ASH” (Press release). Celgene. December 11, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  7. Tefferi, Ayalew (December 8, 2008). “Pomalidomide Therapy in Anemic Patients with Myelofibrosis: Results from a Phase-2 Randomized Multicenter Study”. 50th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition. San Francisco. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  8.  “Phase III Study (MM-003) of Pomalidomide Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone Demonstrates Significant Progression-Free and Overall Survival Improvement for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.”. 11 Dec 2012.
  1. This  new drug is specifically indicated for patients who have received at least 2 prior therapies, including lenalidomide (Revlimid, Celgene) and bortezomib (Velcade, Millennium Pharmaceuticals), and whose disease did not respond to treatment and progressed within 60 days of the last treatment.

Celgene extends myeloma franchise as Pomalyst gets US OK

Warner Chilcott Announces FDA Approval of New Ulcerative Colitis Product Delzicol

February 8, 2013 9:44 am / 1 Comment on Warner Chilcott Announces FDA Approval of New Ulcerative Colitis Product Delzicol


File:Mesalazine structure.svg

Mesalazine (INN, BAN), also known as mesalamine (USAN) or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis[1] and mild-to-moderate Crohn’s disease.[2] Mesalazine is a bowel-specific aminosalicylate drug that acts locally in the gut and has its predominant actions there, thereby having few systemic side effects.[3]

As a derivative of salicylic acid, mesalazine is also thought to be an antioxidant that traps free radicals, which are potentially damaging byproducts of metabolism.[3]

Mesalazine is considered the active moiety of sulfasalazine, which is metabolized to sulfapyridine and mesalazine.[4]

About Delzicol

DUBLIN, Ireland, Feb. 5, 2013 — Warner Chilcott plc today announced that the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved its new 400 mg mesalamine product indicated for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The product will be marketed as Delzicol (mesalamine) 400 mg delayed-release capsules. The Company anticipates that it will commercially launch Delzicol in March 2013.Delzicol (mesalamine) delayed-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis and for the maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis. For information on dosage and administration, contraindications, warnings and precautions, adverse reactions, and other important safety information, please see the prescribing information.

Warner Chilcott is a leading specialty pharmaceutical company currently focused on the women’s healthcare, gastroenterology, urology and dermatology segments of the branded pharmaceuticals market, primarily in North America. We are a fully integrated company with internal resources dedicated to the development, manufacture and promotion of our products.

  1. Kruis, W.; Schreiber, I.; Theuer; Brandes; Schütz; Howaldt; Krakamp; Hämling et al. (2001). “Low dose balsalazide (1.5 g twice daily) and mesalazine (0.5 g three times daily) maintained remission of ulcerative colitis but high dose balsalazide (3.0 g twice daily) was superior in preventing relapses”. Gut 49 (6): 783–789. doi:10.1136/gut.49.6.783. PMC 1728533. PMID 11709512. edit
  2. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein GR (October 2007). “Medical management of mild to moderate Crohn’s disease: evidence-based treatment algorithms for induction and maintenance of remission”. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 26 (7): 987–1003. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03455.x. PMID 17877506. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
  3. “mesalazine”. PharmGKB.
  4. Lippencott’s Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, 4th Ed. Finkel, Cubeddu and Clark

 

 

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KISUMU, KENYA

Kisumu – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumu

Kisumu is a port city in Kisumu County, Kenya 1,131 m (3,711 ft), with a population of 409,928 (2009 census). It is the third largest city in Kenya, the principal city …

Kisumu County

Kisumu County is one of the new devolved counties of Kenya. Its …

Kisumu International Airport

Kisumu International Airport is an airport in Kisumu, Kenya (IATA …

Boat riding in Kisumu

 

Local inhabitants near Kisumu, 1911

Clockwise: Lake Victoria Panorama, Kisumu Panorama, sunset at Oginga Odinga street, Downtown, Kiboko Point, Nighttime in Kisumu and Jomo Kenyatta Stadium.

Clockwise: Lake Victoria Panorama, Kisumu Panorama, sunset at Oginga Odinga street, Downtown, Kiboko Point, Nighttime in Kisumu and Jomo Kenyatta Stadium.
Kisumu is located in Kenya

Kisumu
Kisumu
Coordinates: 0°6′S 34°45′E
Country  Kenya
County Kisumu County

Kisumu panorama, viewed from Lake Victoria

Jomo Kenyatta Stadium

Kisumu Harbour. The green vegetation is water hyacinth

Nairobi University Kisumu Campus

Map of kisumu city
Your visit to Kisumu is not complete if you do not visit this amazing beach, which happens to be a favourite spot fishing spot for the fishermen.
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ZALTRAP Approved in the EU for Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

February 6, 2013 9:42 am / Leave a comment


Ziv-aflibercept is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-binding portions from the extracellular domains of human VEGF Receptors 1 and 2 fused to the Fc portion of the human IgG1. Ziv-aflibercept is produced by recombinant DNA technology in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) K-1 mammalian expression system. Ziv-aflibercept is a dimeric glycoprotein with a protein molecular weight of 97 kilodaltons (kDa) and contains glycosylation, constituting an additional 15% of the total molecular mass, resulting in a total molecular weight of 115 kDa.

ZALTRAP is a sterile, clear, colorless to pale yellow, non-pyrogenic, preservative-free, solution for administration by intravenous infusion. ZALTRAP is supplied in single-use vials of 100 mg per 4 ml and 200 mg per 8 ml formulated as 25 mg/mL ziv-aflibercept in polysorbate 20 (0.1%), sodium chloride (100 mM), sodium citrate (5 mM), sodium phosphate (5 mM), and sucrose (20%), in Water for Injection USP, at a pH of 6.2.

5th feb 2013

Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. today announced that the European Commission (EC) has granted marketing authorization in the European Union for ZALTRAP 25mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion in combination with irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (FOLFIRI) chemotherapy in adults with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that is resistant to or has progressed after an oxaliplatin-containing regimen.  This decision was based on the efficacy and safety results of the VELOUR Phase 3 trial
“ZALTRAP is an important addition to the metastatic colorectal cancer treatment landscape and helps to fill a critical treatment gap,” said Eric Van Cutsem, M.D., Ph.D., University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium and lead investigator of the VELOUR study.  “ZALTRAP is the first and only agent to demonstrate a survival improvement in a Phase 3 trial in patients previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen who are being treated with FOLFIRI for their metastatic disease.” “I would like to thank the physicians, patients, and their families for their support in moving ZALTRAP through the clinical trial process leading to approval in Europe,” said Debasish Roychowdhury, M.D., Senior Vice President and Head, Sanofi Oncology.  “We are thrilled to provide a new therapy that further extends the lives of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and look forward to working with European health authorities to ensure patients have access to ZALTRAP.” In Europe, colorectal cancer is the most common cancer in both men and women and is the second leading cause of cancer death.  In 2008, there were 436,000 new cases diagnosed and 212,000 deaths from colorectal cancer.[1] Commenting on the marketing authorization, George D. Yancopoulos, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer of Regeneron and President of Regeneron Laboratories, added:  “The European approval of ZALTRAP provides a new option to address the unmet medical need in this patient population.  There continues to be a need to develop new cancer therapies and Regeneron and Sanofi are committed to finding novel investigational treatments and combinations.” ZALTRAP received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 2012 after a Priority Review, and marketing authorization applications for ZALTRAP are under review with other regulatory agencies worldwide

EU approves Lyxumia (Lixisenatide), SANOFI, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

February 5, 2013 10:39 am / 3 Comments on EU approves Lyxumia (Lixisenatide), SANOFI, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes


CAS # 320367-13-3, Lixisenatide

Sun feb3, 2013, Sanofi today announced its novel once daily GLP-1 – Lyxumia has been approved by EU authorities.Lyxumia is the fourth GLP-1 and the second once daily GLP-1 to reach the market. Lyxumia is distinguished from other GLP-1’s on the market by virtue of its superior post prandial glucoselowering impact. Like other GLP-1’s it has a positive impact on hypoglycemia rates and weight lowering.

The European Commission decision to grant Marketing Authorisation in Europe for Lyxumia® is based on results from the GetGoal clinical programme, which enabled Lyxumia® to be the first once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist with a predominantly prandial glucose lowering effect to be indicated for use on top of basal insulin and in combination with oral anti-diabetic medications. The clinical programme showed that Lyxumia® demonstrated significant HbA1c reductions, a pronounced post-prandial glucose lowering effect and a beneficial effect on body weight in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. GetGoal results also showed that Lyxumia® had a favourable safety and tolerability profile in most patients, with mild and transient nausea and vomiting, the most common adverse events observed in the GLP-1 receptor agonist class, and a limited risk of hypoglycaemia. The international GetGoal programme included 11 clinical trials involving more than 5,000 patients with type 2 diabetes, with a large number of patients studied to evaluate a GLP-1 receptor agonist in combination with basal insulin (706 patients treated with Lyxumia® in three trials).

READ  OLD ARTICLE AT

http://amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com/2012/11/19/sanofi-receives-positive-chmp-opinion-in-the-european-union-for-once-daily-lyxumia-lixisenatide/

str from chemblink Online Database of Chemicals from Around the World

CAS # 320367-13-3, Lixisenatide

OLD ARTICLE

Sanofi Receives Positive CHMP Opinion in the European Union for Once-Daily Lyxumia® (lixisenatide)

Sanofi announced today that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has issued a positive opinion recommending the approval of once-daily Lyxumia® (lixisenatide) for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus to achieve glycemic control in combination with oral glucose-lowering medicinal products and/or basal insulin when these, together with diet and exercise, do not provide adequate glycemic control.

http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/002445/smops/Positive/human_smop_000448.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d127

Lixisenatide is a once-daily injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist that has been developed by Sanofi.[1] As of September 2010 it is in clinical trials for diabetes.[2]

Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP-1), is in development for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lixisenatide was discovered by Zealand Pharma A/S and the global rights are licensed to Sanofi. Lyxumia® is the intended trademark for lixisenatide. Lixisenatide is not currently approved or licensed anywhere in the world.

GLP-1 is a naturally-occurring peptide that is released within minutes of eating a meal. It is known to suppress glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells and stimulate insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. GLP-1 receptor agonists are in development as an add-on treatment for type 2 diabetes and their use is endorsed by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology.

The GetGoal phase III clinical program will provide data for lixisenatide in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with various oral anti-diabetic agents or insulin. With ten trials in the program, GetGoal started in May 2008 and has enrolled more than 4,300 patients. To date, GetGoal-X, GetGoal-L, GetGoal-L Asia, GetGoal-Mono, GetGoal-S and GetGoal-F1 have reported positive top-line results supporting efficacy and safety for lixisenatide

  1. Christensen, M; Knop, FK; Holst, JJ; Vilsboll, T (2009). “Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus”. IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal 12 (8): 503–13. PMID 19629885.
  2. http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/positive-phase-iii-data-for-two-separate-type-2-diabetes-therapies-reported-at-esad/81243945/

Sanofi Submits Application for Regulatory Approval for Lyxumia
®
(lixisenatide) for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Japan

Figures&figureshttp://en.sanofi.com/Images/30529_20120611_LYXUMIA-JAPAN_en.pdf

Lixisenatide Structure

CAS No. 320367-13-3
Chemical Name: Lixisenatide
Synonyms: lixisenatide
CBNumber: CB01518519
Molecular Formula:

Formula Weight: 4858.53
C215H347N61O65S

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