DABRAFENIB

1195765-45-7

Benzenesulfonamide, N-​[3-​[5-​(2-​amino-​4-​pyrimidinyl)​-​2-​(1,​1-​dimethylethyl)​-​4-​thiazolyl]​-​2-​fluorophenyl]​-​2,​6-​difluoro-

MW 519.56

MF C₂₃ H₂₀ F₃ N₅ O₂ S₂

• Dabarefenib
• Dabrafenib
• GSK 2118436
• Tafinlar

Dabrafenib (trade name Tafinlar) is a drug for the treatment of cancers associated with a mutated version of the gene BRAF. Dabrafenib acts as an inhibitor of the associated enzyme B-Raf, which plays a role in the regulation of cell growth. Dabrafenib has clinical activity with a manageable safety profile in clinical trials of phase 1 and 2 in patients with BRAF(V600)-mutated metastatic melanoma.^[1][2]

The Food and Drug Administration approved dabrafenib as a single agent treatment for patients with BRAF V600E mutation-positive advanced melanoma on May 30, 2013.^[3] Clinical trial data demonstrated that resistance to dabrafinib and other BRAF inhibitors occurs within 6 to 7 months.^[4] To overcome this resistance, the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib was combined with the MEK inhibitor trametinib.^[4] As a result of this research, on January 8, 2014, the FDA approved the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib for the treatment of patients with BRAF V600E/K-mutant metastatic melanoma.^[5]

Inhibitor of BRAF(V600) mutants

May 29, 2013 — GlaxoSmithKline plc announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Tafinlar (dabrafenib). Tafinlar is indicated as a single-agent oral treatment for unresectable melanoma (melanoma that cannot be removed by surgery) or metastatic melanoma (melanoma which has spread to other parts of the body) in adult patients with BRAF V600E mutation. Tafinlar is not indicated for the treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma. The mutation must be detected by an FDA-approved test, such as the companion diagnostic assay from bioMérieux S.A., THxID™-BRAF.

Among those with metastatic melanoma, approximately half have a BRAF mutation, which is an abnormal change in a gene that can enable some melanoma tumours to grow and spread

Tafinlar is approved for patients with the BRAF V600E mutation, which accounts for approximately 85 percent of all BRAF V600 mutations in metastatic melanoma.

GSK will be making Tafinlar available for prescription no later than in the early third quarter of 2013.

In 2010, GSK entered a collaboration with bioMérieux to develop a companion diagnostic test to detect BRAF V600 (V600E and V600K) gene mutations found in several cancers, including melanoma. bioMérieux has received FDA pre-market approval of THxID™-BRAF. Currently, it is the only FDA-approved test that detects the V600K mutation.

The primary outcome measure was the estimation of the overall intracranial response rate (OIRR) in each cohort. The OIRR for Cohort A was 18 percent (95% CI: 9.7, 28.2). For Cohort B, the OIRR was also 18 percent (95% CI: 9.9, 30.0). The median duration of response was 4.6 months (95% CI: 2.8, Not Reached) and 4.6 months (95% CI: 1.9, 4.6) in Cohort A and Cohort B, respectively.

Melanoma is the most serious and deadly form of skin cancer. According to statistics from the National Cancer Institute, in 2013 there will be an estimated 9,480 deaths resulting from melanoma in the United States. When melanoma spreads in the body, the disease is called metastatic melanoma.Approximately half of all people with metastatic melanoma have a BRAF mutation, which is an abnormal change in a gene that can enable some melanoma tumours to grow and spread. One in two patients worldwide with metastatic melanoma is expected to survive for a year after diagnosis, while in the U.S., the five-year survival rate was 16 percent (2003-2009).The median age of a newly diagnosed metastatic melanoma patient is almost a decade younger than other cancers.

Tafinlar (dabrafenib) is now approved for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. Limitation of use: Tafinlar is not recommended for use in patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma.

Tafinlar is not approved or licensed in Europe and may not be approved in other parts of the world for the treatment of patients with BRAF V600 mutation-positive unresectable melanoma or metastatic melanoma.

Dabrafenib mesylate is a kinase inhibitor. The chemical name for dabrafenib mesylate is N-{3-[5-(2-Amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzene sulfonamide, methanesulfonate salt. It has the molecular formula C₂₃H₂₀F₃N₅O₂S₂•CH₄O₃S and a molecular weight of 615.68. Dabrafenib mesylate has the following chemical structure:

Dabrafenib mesylate is a white to slightly colored solid with three pKas: 6.6, 2.2, and -1.5. It is very slightly soluble at pH 1 and practically insoluble above pH 4 in aqueous media.

TAFINLAR (dabrafenib) capsules are supplied as 50-mg and 75-mg capsules for oral administration. Each 50-mg capsule contains 59.25 mg dabrafenib mesylate equivalent to 50 mg of dabrafenib free base. Each 75-mg capsule contains 88.88 mg dabrafenib mesylate equivalent to 75 mg of dabrafenib free base.

The inactive ingredients of TAFINLAR are colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. Capsule shells contain hypromellose, red iron oxide (E172), and titanium dioxide (E171).

Dabrafenib mesylate

1195768-06-9 cas of mesylate

N-[3-[5-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-2-tert-butyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide;methanesulfonic acid

Chemical structure

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PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2009137391A2?cl=en

WO 2009137391

Example 58a: Λ/-{3-r5-(2-Amino-4-pyrimidinylV2-(1.1-dimethylethylV1.3-thiazol-4-yll-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide

Following a procedure analogous to the procedure described in Example 51, Step B using Λ/-{3-[5-(2-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide (196 mg, 0.364 mmol) and ammonia in methanol 7M (8 ml, 56.0 mmol) and heating to 90 ⁰C for 24 h, the title compound, Λ/-{3- [5-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}-2,6- difluorobenzenesulfonamide was obtained (94 mg, 47% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 10.83 (s, 1 H), 7.93 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.55 – 7.70 (m, 1 H), 7.35 –

7.43 (m, 1 H), 7.31 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.14 – 7.27 (m, 3 H), 6.70 (s, 2 H), 5.79 (d, J=5.13 Hz, 1 H), 1.35 (s, 9 H). MS (ESI): 519.9 [M+H]⁺.

Example 58b: Λ/-{3-r5-(2-Amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yll-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide

19.6 mg of Λ/-{3-[5-(2-Amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide (may be prepared in accordance with example 58a) was combined with 500 μl_ of ethyl acetate in a 2-mL vial at room temperature. The slurry was temperature-cycled between 0-40⁰C for 48 hrs. The resulting slurry was allowed to cool to room temperature and the solids were collected by vacuum filtration. The solids were analyzed by Raman, PXRD, DSC/TGA analyses, which indicated a crystal form different from the crystal form resulting from Example 58a, above. Example 58c: Λ/-{3-r5-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinylV2-(1.1-dimethylethylV1.3-thiazol-4-yll-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide

Step A: methyl 3-{[(2,6-difluorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-2-fluorobenzoate

Methyl 3-amino-2-fluorobenzoate (50 g, 1 eq) was charged to reactor followed by dichloromethane (250 ml_, 5 vol). The contents were stirred and cooled to ~15°C and pyridine (26.2 ml_, 1.1 eq) was added. After addition of the pyridine, the reactor contents were adjusted to ~15°C and the addition of 2,6-diflurorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (39.7 ml_, 1.0 eq) was started via addition funnel. The temperature during addition was kept <25°C. After complete addition, the reactor contents were warmed to 20-25⁰C and held overnight. Ethyl acetate (150 ml.) was added and dichloromethane was removed by distillation. Once distillation was complete, the reaction mixture was then diluted once more with ethyl acetate (5 vol) and concentrated. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (10 vol) and water (4 vol) and the contents heated to 50- 55°C with stirring until all solids dissolve. The layers were settled and separated. The organic layer was diluted with water (4 vol) and the contents heated to 50-55° for 20-30 min. The layers were settled and then separated and the ethyl acetate layer was evaporated under reduced pressure to ~3 volumes. Ethyl Acetate (5 vol.) was added and again evaporated under reduced pressure to ~3 volumes. Cyclohexane (9 vol) was then added to the reactor and the contents were heated to reflux for 30 min then cooled to 0 ⁰C. The solids were filtered and rinsed with cyclohexane (2 x 100 ml_). The solids were air dried overnight to obtain methyl 3-{[(2,6-difluorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-2- fluorobenzoate (94.1 g, 91 %).

Step B: Λ/-{3-[(2-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)acetyl]-2-fluorophenyl}-2,6- difluorobenzenesulfonamide

Methyl 3-{[(2,6-difluorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-2-fluorobenzoate (490 g, 1 equiv.), prepared generally in accordance with Step A, above, was dissolved in THF (2.45 L, 5 vols) and stirred and cooled to 0-3 ⁰C. 1 M lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF (5.25 L, 3.7 equiv.) solution was charged to the reaction mixture followed addition of 2-chloro-4- methylpyrimidine (238 g, 1.3 equiv.) in THF (2.45 L, 5 vols). The reaction was then stirred for 1 hr. The reaction was quenched with 4.5M HCI (3.92 L, 8 vols). The aqueous layer (bootom layer) was removed and discarded. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to ~2L. IPAC (isopropyl acetate) (2.45L) was added to the reaction mixture which was then concentrated to ~2L. IPAC (0.5L) and MTBE (2.45 L) was added and stirred overnight under N₂. The solids were filtered. The solids and mother filtrate added back together and stirred for several hours. The solids were filtered and washed with MTBE (~5 vol). The solids were placed in vacuum oven at 50 ⁰C overnight. The solids were dried in vacuum oven at 30 ⁰C over weekend to obtain Λ/-{3-[(2-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)acetyl]-2-fluorophenyl}-2,6- difluorobenzenesulfonamide (479 g, 72%).

Step C: Λ/-{3-[5-(2-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide

To a reactor vessel was charged Λ/-{3-[(2-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)acetyl]-2-fluorophenyl}- 2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide (30 g, 1 eq) followed by dichloromethane (300 ml_). The reaction slurry was cooled to ~10°C and N-bromosuccinimide (“NBS”) (12.09 g, 1 eq) was added in 3 approximately equal portions, stirring for 10-15 minutes between each addition. After the final addition of NBS, the reaction mixture was warmed to ~20°C and stirred for 45 min . Water (5 vol) was then added to the reaction vessel and the mixture was stirred and then the layers separated. Water (5 vol) was again added to the dichloromethane layer and the mixture was stirred and the layers separated. The dichloromethane layers were concentrated to -120 ml_. Ethyl acetate (7 vol) was added to the reaction mixture and concentrated to -120 ml_. Dimethylacetamide (270 ml.) was then added to the reaction mixture and cooled to -1O⁰C. 2,2-Dimethylpropanethioamide (1.3 g, 0.5 eq) in 2 equal portions was added to the reactor contents with stirring for -5 minutes between additions. The reaction was warmed to 20-25 ⁰C. After 45 min, the vessel contents were heated to 75°C and held for 1.75 hours . The reaction mixture was then cooled to 5°C and water (270 ml) was slowly charged keeping the temperature below 30⁰C. Ethyl acetate (4 vol) was then charged and the mixture was stirred and layers separated. Ethyl acetate (7 vol) was again charged to the aqueous layer and the contents were stirred and separated. Ethyl acetate (7 vol) was charged again to the aqueous layer and the contents were stirred and separated. The organic layers were combined and washed with water (4 vol) 4 times and stirred overnight at 20-25⁰C. The organic layers were then concentrated under heat and vacuum to 120 ml_. The vessel contents were then heated to 50⁰C and heptanes (120 ml.) were added slowly. After addition of heptanes, the vessel contents were heated to reflux then cooled to 0°C and held for -2 hrs. The solids were filtered and rinsed with heptanes (2 x 2 vol). The solid product was then dried under vacuum at 30⁰C to obtain Λ/-{3-[5-(2-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)- 2-(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide (28.8 g, 80%).

Step D: Λ/-{3-[5-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide

In 1 gal pressure reactor, a mixture of Λ/-{3-[5-(2-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 ,1- dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide (120 g) prepared in accordance with Step C, above, and ammonium hydroxide (28-30%, 2.4 L, 20 vol) was heated in the sealed pressure reactor to 98-103 ⁰C and stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled slowly to room temperature (20 ⁰C) and stirred overnight. The solids were filtered and washed with minimum amount of the mother liquor and dried under vacuum. The solids were added to a mixture of EtOAc (15 vol)/ water (2 vol) and heated to complete dissolution at 60-70 ⁰C and the aqueous layer was removed and discarded. The EtOAC layer was charged with water (1 vol) and neutralized with aq. HCI to ~pH 5.4-5.5. and added water (1vol). The aqueous layer was removed and discarded at 60-70 ⁰C. The organic layer was washed with water (1 vol) at 60-70 ⁰C and the aqueous layer was removed and discarded. The organic layer was filtered at 60 ⁰C and concentrated to 3 volumes. EtOAc (6 vol) was charged into the mixture and heated and stirred at 72 ⁰C for 10 min , then cooled to 2O⁰C and stirred overnight. EtOAc was removed via vacuum distillation to concentrate the reaction mixture to ~3 volumes. The reaction mixture was maintained at -65-7O⁰C for ~30mins. Product crystals having the same crystal form as those prepared in Example 58b (and preparable by the procedure of Example 58b), above, in heptanes slurry were charged. Heptane (9 vol) was slowly added at 65-70 ⁰C. The slurry was stirred at 65-70 ⁰C for 2-3 hours and then cooled slowly to 0-5⁰C. The product was filtered, washed with EtOAc/heptane (3/1 v/v, 4 vol) and dried at 45°C under vacuum to obtain Λ/-{3-[5-(2- amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}-2,6- difluorobenzenesulfonamide (102.3 g, 88%).

Example 58d: Λ/-{3-r5-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinvn-2-(1.1-dimethylethylV1.3-thiazol-4-yll-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide methanesulfonate

MESYLATE

To a solution of Λ/-{3-[5-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)-2-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2- fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide (204 mg, 0.393 mmol) in isopropanol (2 ml_), methanesulfonic acid (0.131 ml_, 0.393 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 hours. A white precipitate formed and the slurry was filtered and rinsed with diethyl ether to give the title product as a white crystalline solid (210 mg, 83% yield).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 10.85 (s, 1 H) 7.92 – 8.05 (m, 1 H) 7.56 – 7.72 (m, 1 H) 6.91 – 7.50 (m, 7 H) 5.83 – 5.98 (m, 1 H) 2.18 – 2.32 (m, 3 H) 1.36 (s, 9 H). MS (ESI): 520.0 [M+H]⁺.

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PAPER

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2013), 4(3), 358-362.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ml4000063

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ml4000063/suppl_file/ml4000063_si_001.pdf

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Patent

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2014158467A1?cl=en

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WO 2014066606

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WO 2014195852

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WO 2014169770

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CN 104109159

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CN 103588767

http://www.google.com/patents/CN103588767A?cl=en

Dara Phoenix (Dabrafenib) by the British GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has developed Sisu threonine protein kinase (BRAF) inhibitor, as monotherapy ro ー kinds of clothes capsules for carrying BRAF V600E mutation surgical unresectable melanoma or metastatic melanoma treatment of adult patients, Dara Phoenix mesylate in May 2013 was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and is listed on the United States, the trade name Tafinlar (Da Feina). Since the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for human use (CHMP) positive evaluation of Tafinlar, making the drug is expected to become after Roche’s Weiluofeini (Vemurafinib) to enter the European market, following a second BRAF inhibitors.

The chemical name Phoenix Dallas: N- [3- [5- (2- amino-4-pyrimidinyl) -2_ (tert-butyl) ~ ~ thiazol-4-yl] _2_ fluorophenyl] – 2,6_-difluorobenzenesulfonamide.

World Patent No. W02009137391, No. W02011047238 and W02012148588 number reported Dallas and Phoenix and its medicinal value synthesis method of the composition. According to the structural characteristics of Dara Phoenix and its analogues, the synthesis of such substances currently have A, B and C are three routes.

  A more common route is the synthetic route, by reaction of 3-amino-2-fluorobenzoate (IX) first and 2,6_-difluorobenzene sulfonyl chloride (III) to amidation reaction occurs sulfonamide intermediate ( X); intermediate (X) with 2-chloro-4-methyl pyrimidine (XI) The condensation reaction occurs under the action of a strong base to give the intermediate (XII); intermediate (XII) to give the intermediate bromo

(XIII); intermediate (XIII) with 2,2_ dimethyl thiopropionamide (VI) to give the cyclized intermediate (XIV); and finally, the intermediate (XIV) by ammonolysis to afford the title compound Dallas Phoenix (I).

Different [0009] B is the first route by reaction of 3-amino-2-fluorobenzoate (IX) amino group protection, and thus condensation, cyclization, and bromo; then be obtained by deprotection of the amino group and the sulfonamide Intermediate (XIV); similarly, the intermediate

(XIV) obtained by ammonolysis target compound Dara Phoenix (I).

  c route design features that first aminolysis reaction, and then give the desired product by deprotection and amino sulfonamide reaction. Clearly, this design is suitable for the route of these substituted amino ー aminolysis reaction, and for compounds such as Dallas Phoenix having pyrimidinylamino structure is not applicable. The reason is that if there are two aromatic amino groups will make the final sulfonamide ー reaction step to lose selectivity.

Example IV: the reaction flask was added N- [3- (5- formyl-2-t-butyl-ko -4_ thiazolyl) -2_ fluorophenyl] -2,6_ difluoro benzenesulfonamide (VIII) (5.4g, 11.5mmol), N, N- dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA) (2.74g, 23mmol) and xylene 50mL, heated to 140 ° C. About every four hours methanol was distilled out of the resulting reaction system, the reaction takes about 24 hours in total, the end of the reaction was detected by TLC. Cool, add hexane 40mL, have produced a yellow solid, filtered, and dried solids obtained after January nitrate melon (1.36,11.5mmol), sodium hydroxide (0.46g, 11.5mmol) and n-Ding enjoy 5OmL, warmed to 120 ° C, The reaction for 12 inches, TLC the reaction was complete. Cooling, with a crystal precipitated crystallized slowly for 3 inches, and filtered. The filter cake starched water, filtered and dried to yield an off-white solid Dara Phoenix (I) 3.58g, yield 60%.

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WO 2014193898

References

• Gibney, G. T.; Zager, J. S. (2013). “Clinical development of dabrafenib in BRAF mutant melanoma and other malignancies”. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 9 (7): 1. doi:10.1517/17425255.2013.794220. PMID 23621583. edit
• Huang, T.; Karsy, M.; Zhuge, J.; Zhong, M.; Liu, D. (2013). “B-Raf and the inhibitors: From bench to bedside”. Journal of Hematology & Oncology 6: 30. doi:10.1186/1756-8722-6-30. PMC 3646677. PMID 23617957. edit
• “GSK melanoma drugs add to tally of U.S. drug approvals”. Reuters. May 30, 2013.
• “Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Melanoma with BRAF V600 Mutations” 367 (18). New England Journal of Medicine. November 1, 2012. pp. 1694–703. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1210093. PMC 3549295. PMID 23020132.

“Dabrafenib/Trametinib Combination Approved for Advanced Melanoma”. OncLive. January 9, 2013.

Dabrafenib

Systematic (IUPAC) name
N-{3-[5-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-2-tert-butyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide
Clinical data
Trade names	Tafinlar
Pregnancy category	US: D
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Identifiers
CAS number	1195765-45-7
ATC code	L01XE23
PubChem	CID 44462760
ChemSpider	25948204
ChEBI	CHEBI:75045
ChEMBL	CHEMBL2028663
Chemical data
Formula	C23H20F3N5O2S2
Molecular mass	519.56 g/mol