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FDA approves Odactra for house dust mite allergies

March 2, 2017 8:51 am / 1 Comment on FDA approves Odactra for house dust mite allergies

FDA approves Odactra for house dust mite allergies

03/01/2017

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Odactra, the first allergen extract to be administered under the tongue (sublingually) to treat house dust mite (HDM)-induced nasal inflammation (allergic rhinitis), with or without eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), in people 18 through 65 years of age.

March 1, 2017

Release

“House dust mite allergic disease can negatively impact a person’s quality of life,” said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. “The approval of Odactra provides patients an alternative treatment to allergy shots to help address their symptoms.”

House dust mite allergies are a reaction to tiny bugs that are commonly found in house dust. Dust mites, close relatives of ticks and spiders, are too small to be seen without a microscope. They are found in bedding, upholstered furniture and carpeting. Individuals with house dust mite allergies may experience a cough, runny nose, nasal itching, nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy and watery eyes.

Odactra exposes patients to house dust mite allergens, gradually training the immune system in order to reduce the frequency and severity of nasal and eye allergy symptoms. It is a once-daily tablet, taken year round, that rapidly dissolves after it is placed under the tongue. The first dose is taken under the supervision of a health care professional with experience in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. The patient is to be observed for at least 30 minutes for potential adverse reactions. Provided the first dose is well tolerated, patients can then take Odactra at home. It can take about eight to 14 weeks of daily dosing after initiation of Odactra for the patient to begin to experience a noticeable benefit.

The safety and efficacy of Odactra was evaluated in studies conducted in the United States, Canada and Europe, involving approximately 2,500 people. Some participants received Odactra, while others received a placebo pill. Participants reported their symptoms and the need to use symptom-relieving allergy medications. During treatment, participants taking Odactra experienced a 16 to 18 percent reduction in symptoms and the need for additional medications compared to those who received a placebo.

The most commonly reported adverse reactions were nausea, itching in the ears and mouth, and swelling of the lips and tongue. The prescribing information includes a boxed warning that severe allergic reactions, some of which can be life-threatening, can occur. As with other FDA-approved allergen extracts administered sublingually, patients receiving Odactra should be prescribed auto-injectable epinephrine. Odactra also has a Medication Guide for distribution to the patient.

Odactra is manufactured for Merck, Sharp & Dohme Corp., (a subsidiary of Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, N.J.) by Catalent Pharma Solutions Limited, United Kingdom.

(sublingually) to treat house dust mite (HDM)-induced nasal inflammation (allergic rhinitis), with or without eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), in people 18 through 65 years of age

/////////////Odactra, Merck, Sharp & Dohme Corp, Catalent Pharma Solutions Limited, United Kingdom, FDA 2017, approves, house dust mite allergies

Award for me, 100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders, Global listing

March 1, 2017 10:03 am / 3 Comments on Award for me, 100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders, Global listing

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At award function for my award “100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders Global listing”, conferred on me at Taj lands end, Mumbai, India on 14 Feb 2014 by World Health Wellness congress and awards

FDA approves Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea

March 1, 2017 9:50 am / 2 Comments on FDA approves Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea

Telotristat ethyl

Molecular Formula, C27-H26-Cl-F3-N6-O3,

Molecular Weight, 574.9884,

RN: 1033805-22-9
UNII: 8G388563M

LX 1032

(2S)-2-Amino-3-[4-[2-amino-6-[[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl]propionic acid ethyl ester

Ethyl-4-(2-amino-6-{(1R)-1-[4-chlor-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluorethoxy}-4-pyrimidinyl)-L-phenylalaninat

L-Phenylalanine, 4-[2-amino-6-[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-, ethyl ester

SEE……………

Telotristat etiprate,

(S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate 2-benzamidoacetate .
CAS: 1137608-69-5 (etiprate), LX 1606
Chemical Formula: C36H35ClF3N7O6
Molecular Weight: 754.16

L-Phenylalanine, 4-[2-amino-6-[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-, ethyl ester, compd. with N-benzoylglycine (1:1)

LX 1032 hippurate
LX 1606

Arokiasamy Devasagayaraj, Haihong Jin, Zhi-Cai Shi, Ashok Tunoori, Ying Wang, Chengmin Zhang,
Applicant	Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Arokiasamy Devasagayaraj

Image result for Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

FDA approves Xermelo for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea

02/28/2017

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) tablets in combination with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy for the treatment of adults with carcinoid syndrome diarrhea that SSA therapy alone has inadequately controlled.

February 28, 2017

Carcinoid syndrome is a cluster of symptoms sometimes seen in people with carcinoid tumors. These tumors are rare, and often slow-growing. Most carcinoid tumors are found in the gastrointestinal tract. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in less than 10 percent of patients with carcinoid tumors, usually after the tumor has spread to the liver. The tumors in these patients release excess amounts of the hormone serotonin, resulting in diarrhea. Complications of uncontrolled diarrhea include weight loss, malnutrition, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.

“Today’s approval will provide patients whose carcinoid syndrome diarrhea is not adequately controlled with another treatment option,” said Julie Beitz, M.D., director of the Office of Drug Evaluation III in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Xermelo, in a regimen with SSA therapy, is approved in tablet form to be taken orally three times daily with food. Xermelo inhibits the production of serotonin by carcinoid tumors and reduces the frequency of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea.

The safety and efficacy of Xermelo were established in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 90 adult participants with well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. These patients were having between four to 12 daily bowel movements despite the use of SSA at a stable dose for at least three months. Participants remained on their SSA treatment, and were randomized to add placebo or treatment with Xermelo three times daily. Those receiving Xermelo added on to their SSA treatment experienced a greater reduction in average bowel movement frequency than those on SSA and placebo. Specifically, 33 percent of participants randomized to add Xermelo on to SSA experienced an average reduction of two bowel movements per day compared to 4 percent of patients randomized to add placebo on to SSA.

The most common side effects of Xermelo include nausea, headache, increased levels of the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase, depression, accumulation of fluid causing swelling (peripheral edema), flatulence, decreased appetite and fever. Xermelo may cause constipation, and the risk of developing constipation may be increased in patients whose bowel movement frequency is less than four bowel movements per day. Patients treated with a higher than recommended dosage of Xermelo developed severe constipation in clinical trials. One patient required hospitalization and two other patients developed complications of either intestinal perforation or intestinal obstruction. Patients should be monitored for severe constipation. If a patient experiences severe constipation or severe, persistent or worsening abdominal pain, they should discontinue Xermelo and contact their healthcare provider.

The FDA granted this application fast track designation and priority review. The drug also received orphan drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

Xermelo is manufactured by Woodlands, Texas-based Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

SYNTHESIS…….WO 2011100285

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2011100285&recNum=142&docAn=US2011024141&queryString=((serotonin)%2520OR%2520(HT2C)%2520OR%2520(&

5.67. Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yll- phenyll-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyll-propionic acid ethyl ester

The title compound was prepared stepwise, as described below:

Step 1: Synthesis of l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone. To a 500 ml 2 necked RB flask containing anhydrous methanol (300 ml) was added thionyl chloride (29.2 ml, 400 mmol) dropwise at 0-5°C (ice water bath) over 10 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and 2-bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid (25 g, 106 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to mild reflux for 12h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM, 250 ml), washed with water (50 ml), sat. aq. NaHC03 (50 ml), brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the 2- bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (26 g, 99 %), which was directly used in the following step.

2-Bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (12.4 g, 50 mmol) in toluene (200 ml) was cooled to -70°C, and trifluoromethyl trimethyl silane (13 ml, 70 mmol) was added.

Tetrabutylamonium fluoride (1M, 2.5 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 4h, after which it was stirred for 10 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the crude [l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-l-methoxy-ethoxy]-trimethyl-silane. The crude intermediate was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and 6N HCI (100 ml) was added. The mixture was kept at 45-50°C for 12h. Methanol was removed, and the crude was extracted with dichloromethane (200 ml). The combined DCM layer was washed with water (50 ml), NaHC03 (50 ml), brine (50 ml), and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography, using 1-2% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent, to afford l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (10 g, 70%). ^!H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC ): δ (ppm) 7.50 (d,lH), 7.65(d,lH), 7.80(s,lH).

Step 2: Synthesis of R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol. To catechol borane (1M in THF 280 ml, 280 mmol) in a 2L 3-necked RB flask was added S-2-methyl-CBS oxazaborolidine (7.76 g, 28 mmol) under nitrogen, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78°C (dry ice/acetone bath), and 1-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (40 g, 139 mmol) in THF (400 ml) was added dropwise over 2 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -36°C, and was stirred at that temperature for 24 hours, and further stirred at -32 °C for another 24h. 3N NaOH (250 ml) was added, and the cooling bath was replaced by ice-water bath. Then 30 % hydrogen peroxide in water (250 ml) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and re-dissolved in ether (200 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (2 x 200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with IN aq. NaOH (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave crude product which was purified by column chromatography using 2 to 5% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to give desired alcohol 36.2 g (90 %, e.e. >95%). The alcohol (36.2 g) was crystallized from hexane (80 ml) to obtain R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol 28.2 g (70 %; 99-100 % e.e.). ^!H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCIs) δ (ppm) 5.48 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, 2H).

Step 3: Synthesis of R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll-2.2.2-trifluoro-ethanol. R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (15.65 g, 54.06 mmol), 3-methylpyrazole (5.33 g, 65 mmol), Cul (2.06 g, 10.8 mmol), 2CO3 (15.7 g, 113.5 mmol), (lR,2R)-N,N’-dimethyl-cyclohexane-l,2-diamine (1.54 g, 10.8 mmol) and toluene (80 ml) were combined in a 250 ml pressure tube and heated to 130°C (oil bath temperature) for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with H2O (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5-10 % ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to get R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (13.5 g; 86 %). ⁱ-H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC ): δ (ppm) 2.30(s, 3H), 4.90(m, 1H), 6.20(s, 1H), 6.84(d, 1H), 7.20(s, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.50(d, 1H).

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3- 4-(2-amino-6-fR-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll^^^-trifluoro-ethoxyl-pyrimidin^-yll-phenvD-propionic acid ethyl ester. R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (17.78 g, 61.17 mmol), (S)-3-[4-(2-amino-6-chloro-pyrimidine-4-yl)-phenyl]-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (20.03 g, 51 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (250 ml), and CS2CO3 (79.5 g, 244 mmol) were combined in a 3-necked 500 ml RB flask and heated to 100°C (oil bath temperature) for 12-24 hours. The progress of reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to 60°C, and water (250 ml) and THF (400 ml) were added. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (150 ml). The solvent was removed to give crude BOC protected product, which was taken in THF (400 ml), 3N HCI (200 ml). The mixture was heated at 35-40 °C for 12 hours. THF was removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous layer was extracted with isopropyl acetate (2x 100 ml) and concentrated separately to recover the unreacted alcohol (3.5 g). Traces of remaining organic solvent were removed from the aqueous fraction under vacuum.

To a 1L beaker equipped with a temperature controller and pH meter, was added H3PO4 (40 ml, 85 % in water) and water (300 ml) then 50 % NaOH in water to adjust pH to 6.15. The temperature was raised to 58 °C and the above acidic aqueous solution was added dropwise into the buffer with simultaneous addition of 50 % NaOH solution in water so that the pH was maintained between 6.1 to 6.3. Upon completion of addition, precipitated solid was filtered and washed with hot water (50-60°C) (2 x 200 ml) and dried to give crude (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-[R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl}^ propionic acid (26.8 g; 95 %). LCMS and HPLC analysis indicated the compound purity was about 96-97 %.

To anhydrous ethanol (400 ml) was added SOC (22 ml, 306 mmol) dropwise at 0-5°C.

Crude acid (26.8 ) from the above reaction was added. The ice water bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated at 40-45°C for 6-12 hours. After the reaction was completed, ethanol was removed in vacuo. To the residue was added ice water (300 ml), and extracted with isopropyl acetate (2 x 100 ml). The aqueous solution was neutralized with saturated Na2C03 to adjust the pH to 6.5. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 300 ml). The combined ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and concentrated to give 24 g of crude ester (HPLC purity of 96-97 %). The crude ester was then purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5 % ethanol in DCM as solvent to give (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester (20.5g; 70 %; HPLC purity of 98 %). LCMS M+l = 575. ^!H-NMR (400 MHz, CDsOD): δ (ppm) 1.10 (t, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, IH), 4.00 (q, 2H), 6.35 (s, IH), 6.60 (s, IH), 6.90 (m, IH), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.85 (m, 3H).

SYNTHESIS OF INTERMEDIATE

WO 2009048864

https://google.com/patents/WO2009048864A1?cl=en

6.15. Preparation of 6SV3-(4-(2-Amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)-2- (fert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic Acid Using the Lithium Salt of (S)-2-(te^-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanoic Acid

During preparation of compound 7, the isolation of the free acid can be optionally omitted. Thus, an aqueous solution of the lithium salt of compound 7 in 100 ml water, prepared from 5.0 g of Boc-Tyr-OMe (4, 17 mmol), was mixed 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (3.3 g, 1.2 eq), potassium bicarbonate (5.0 g, 3 eq), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (60 mg, 0.5 mol%), and 100 ml ethanol. The resulting mixture was heated at 70⁰C for 5 hours. Additional 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (1.1 g, 0.4 eq) was added and heating was continued at 7O⁰C for an additional 2 hours. HPLC analysis showed about 94% conversion. Upon cooling and filtration, the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC against a standard solution of compound 8. The assay indicated 3.9 g compound 8 was contained in the solution (59% yield from compound 4).

6.16. Alternative Procedure for Preparation of (S)-3-(4-f2-Amino-6- chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)-2-(fe^-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic Acid Using Potassium Carbonate as Base

The boronic acid compound 11 (Ryscor Science, Inc., North Carolina, 1.0 g, 4.8 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.32 g, 2 eq) were mixed in aqueous ethanol (15 ml ethanol and 8 ml water). Di-ter£-butyldicarbonate (1.25 g, 1.2 eq) was added in one portion. After 30 minutes agitation at room temperature, HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of the starting compound 11. The 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (1.18 g, 1.5 eq) and the catalyst bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (34 mg, 1 mol%) were added and the resulting mixture was heated at 65-70⁰C for 3 hours. HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of compound 12. After concentration and filtration, HPLC analysis of the resulting aqueous solution against a standard solution of compound 8 showed 1.26 g compound 8 (67% yield).

6.17. Alternative procedure for preparation of (5)-3-(4-(2-Amino-6-

The boronic acid compound 11 (10 g, 48 mmol) and potassium bicarbonate (14.4 g, 3 eq) were mixed in aqueous ethanol (250 ml ethanol and 50 ml water). Oi-tert- butyldicarbonate (12.5 g, 1.2 eq) was added in one portion. HPLC analysis indicated that the reaction was not complete after overnight stirring at room temperature. Potassium carbonate (6.6 g, 1.0 eq) and additional di-te/t-butyldicarbonate (3.1 g, 0.3 eq) were added. After 2.5 hours agitation at room temperature, HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of the starting compound 11. The 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (11.8 g, 1.5 eq) and the catalyst bis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II) dichloride (0.34 g, 1 mol%” were added and the resulting mixture was heated at 75-8O⁰C for 2 hours. HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of compound 12. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and filtered. The filtrate was washed with ethyl acetate (200 ml) and diluted with 3 : 1 THF/MTBE (120 ml). This mixture was acidified to pH about 2.4 by 6 N hydrochloric acid. The organic layer was washed with brine and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was precipitated in isopropanol, filtered, and dried at 50⁰C under vacuum to give compound 8 as an off-white solid (9.0 g, 48% yield). Purity: 92.9% by HPLC analysis. Concentration of the mother liquor yielded and additional 2.2 g off-white powder (12% yield). Purity: 93.6% by HPLC analysis

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2013059146A1?cl=en

This invention is directed to solid pharmaceutical dosage forms in which an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-l-(4-chloro-2-(3- methyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate

(telotristat):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound, its salts and crystalline forms can be obtained by methods known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. patent no. 7,709,493.

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2008073933A2?cl=en

6.19. Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3-r4-q-amino-6-{R-l-r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl- Pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyll- propionic acid ethyl ester

The title compound was prepared stepwise, as described below: Step 1 : Synthesis of l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone. To a 500 ml 2 necked RB flask containing anhydrous methanol (300 ml) was added thionyl chloride (29.2 ml, 400 mmol) dropwise at 0-5⁰C (ice water bath) over 10 min. The ice water bath was removed, and 2-bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid (25 g, 106 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to mild reflux for 12h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM, 250 ml), washed with water (50 ml), sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (50 ml), brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the 2- bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (26 g, 99 %), which was directly used in the following step.

2-Bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (12.4 g, 50 mmol) in toluene (200 ml) was cooled to -70⁰C, and trifluoromethyl trimethyl silane (13 ml, 70 mmol) was added. Tetrabutylamonium fluoride (IM, 2.5 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 4h, after which it was stirred for 1Oh at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the crude [l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2- trifluoro-l-methoxy-ethoxy]-trimethyl-silane. The crude intermediate was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and 6N HCl (100 ml) was added. The mixture was kept at 45-50⁰C for 12h. Methanol was removed, and the crude was extracted with dichloromethane (200 ml). The combined DCM layer was washed with water (50 ml), NaHCO₃ (50 ml), brine (50 ml), and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography, using 1-2% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent, to afford 1- (2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (10 g, 70%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm) 7.50 (d,lH), 7.65(d,lH), 7.80(s,lH).

Step 2: Synthesis of R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol. To catechol borane (IM in THF 280 ml, 280 mmol) in a 2L 3-necked RB flask was added S-2- methyl-CBS oxazaborolidine (7.76 g, 28 mmol) under nitrogen, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78°C (dry ice/acetone bath), and l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (40 g, 139 mmol) in THF (400 ml) was added dropwise over 2h. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -36°C, and was stirred at that temperature for 24 h, and further stirred at -32°C for another 24h. 3N NaOH (250 ml) was added, and the cooling bath was replaced by ice-water bath. Then 30 % hydrogen peroxide in water (250 ml) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and re-dissolved in ether (200 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (2 x 200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with IN aq. NaOH (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave crude product which was purified by column chromatography using 2 to 5% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to give desired alcohol 36.2 g (90 %, e.e. >95%). The alcohol (36.2 g) was crystallized from hexane (80 ml) to obtain R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro- phenyl)-2,2,2-trifiuoro-ethanol 28.2 g (70 %; 99-100 % e.e.). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 5.48 (m, IH), 7.40 (d, IH), 7.61 (d, 2H). Step 3: Synthesis of R-l-r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-vπ-phenyl1-2.2.2-trifluoro- ethanol. R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (15.65g, 54.06 mmol), 3- methylpyrazole (5.33 g, 65 mmol), CuI (2.06 g, 10.8 mmol), K₂CO₃ (15.7 g, 113.5 mmol), (lR,2R)-N,N’-dimethyl-cyclohexane-l,2-diamine (1.54 g, 10.8 mmol) and toluene (80 ml) were combined in a 250 ml pressure tube and heated to 130⁰C (oil bath temperature) for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with H₂O (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5-10 % ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to get R-I- [4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (13.5 g; 86 %). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm) 2.30(s, 3H), 4.90(m, IH), 6.20(s, IH), 6.84(d, IH), 7.20(s, IH), 7.30(d, IH), 7.50(d, IH).

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3- r4-(2-amino-6- (R-I- r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl- pyrazol- 1 -ylVphenyl^~|-2,2.,2-trifluoro-ethoxy| -pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyU -propionic acid ethyl ester. R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (17.78 g, 61.17 mmol), (S)-3-[4-(2-amino-6-chloro-pyrimidine-4-yl)-phenyl]-2-tert- butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (20.03 g, 51 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (250 ml), and Cs₂CO₃ (79.5 g, 244 mmol) were combined in a 3-necked 500 ml RB flask and heated to 100⁰C (oil bath temperature) for 12-24 h. The progress of reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to 60⁰C, and water (250 ml) and THF (400 ml) were added. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (150 ml). The solvent was removed to give crude BOC protected product, which was taken in THF (400 ml), 3N HCl (200 ml). The mixture was heated at 35-40⁰C for 12h. THF was removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous layer was extracted with isopropyl acetate (2x 100 ml) and concentrated separately to recover the unreacted alcohol (3.5 g). Traces of remaining organic solvent were removed from the aqueous fraction under vacuum.

To a IL beaker equipped with a temperature controller and pH meter, was added H₃PO₄ (40 ml, 85 % in water) and water (300 ml) then 50 % NaOH in water to adjust pH to 6.15. The temperature was raised to 58°C and the above acidic aqueous solution was added dropwise into the buffer with simultaneous addition of 50 % NaOH solution in water so that the pH was maintained between 6.1 to 6.3. Upon completion of addition, precipitated solid was filtered and washed with hot water (50-60⁰C) (2 x 200 ml) and dried to give crude (S)-2- amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro- ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl} -propionic acid (26.8 g; 95 %). LCMS and HPLC analysis indicated the compound purity was about 96-97 %. To anhydrous ethanol (400 ml) was added SOCl₂ (22 ml, 306 mmol) dropwise at 0-

5°C. Crude acid (26.8 g ) from the above reaction was added. The ice water bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated at 40-45⁰C for 6-12h. After the reaction was completed, ethanol was removed in vacuo. To the residue was added ice water (300 ml), and extracted with isopropyl acetate (2 x 100 ml). The aqueous solution was neutralized with saturated Na₂CO₃ to adjust the pH to 6.5. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 300 ml). The combined ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and concentrated to give 24 g of crude ester (HPLC purity of 96-97 %). The crude ester was then purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5 % ethanol in DCM as solvent to give (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2- amino-6- (R- 1 -[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol- 1 -yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy} – pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester (20.5g; 70 %; HPLC purity of 98 %). LCMS M+l = 575. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ (ppm) 1.10 (t, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, IH), 4.00 (q, 2H), 6.35 (s, IH), 6.60 (s, IH), 6.90 (m, IH), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.85 (m, 3H).

PATENT

WO 2011056916

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011056916A1?cl=en

PATENT

WO 2010065333

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2010065333A1?cl=en

CLIP,……..PL CHECK ERROR

CONFUSION ON CODES, CLEAR PIC BELOW……LINK

Description of Telotristat Etiprate

Telotristat etiprate is the hippurate salt of telotristat ethyl.

Telotristat ethyl, also known as LX1032, has the chemical name, CAS identifier, and chemical structure shown below:

Chemical name: (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate

CAS Registry number: 1033805-22-9

Chemical structure:

Telotristat etiprate, also known as LX1606, is the hippurate salt of telotristat ethyl, and has the chemical name, CAS identifier, and chemical structure shown below:

Chemical Name: (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate 2-benzamidoacetate

CAS Registry number: 1137608-69-5

Chemical Structure:

Description of LX1033

Telotristat, also known as LX1033, has the chemical name, CAS identifier and chemical structure shown below:

Chemical Name: (S)-2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid

CAS Registry number: 1033805-28-5

Chemical Structure:

REFERENCES

Kulke, M.H.; Hoersch, D.; Caplin, M.E.; et al.
Telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome
J Clin Oncol 2017, 35(1): 14

WO2010056992A1 *	Nov 13, 2009	May 20, 2010	The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York	Methods of preventing and treating low bone mass diseases
US7709493	May 20, 2009	May 4, 2010	Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	4-phenyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethoxy)pyrimidine-based compounds and methods of their use
US20090088447 *	Sep 25, 2008	Apr 2, 2009	Bednarz Mark S	Solid forms of (s)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((r)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate and methods of their use

Citing Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
US9199994	Sep 5, 2014	Dec 1, 2015	Karos Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Spirocyclic compounds as tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors
US9512122	Sep 1, 2015	Dec 6, 2016	Karos Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Spirocyclic compounds as tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors

///////////telotristat ethyl, fast track designation,priority review,orphan drug designation, Xermelo , Woodlands, Texas-based, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, fda 2017, LX 1606, LX 1032

O=C(OCC)[C@@H](N)Cc1ccc(cc1)c2cc(nc(N)n2)O[C@H](c3ccc(Cl)cc3n4ccc(C)n4)C(F)(F)F

O=C(OCC)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(C2=NC(N)=NC(O[C@H](C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3N4N=C(C)C=C4)C(F)(F)F)=C2)C=C1.O=C(O)CNC(C5=CC=CC=C5)=O

Tradipitant, традипитант , تراديبيتانت , 曲地匹坦 ,

February 27, 2017 10:41 am / Leave a comment

Tradipitant

VLY-686, LY686017

традипитант

تراديبيتانت [Arabic]

曲地匹坦 [Chinese]

Molecular Formula C₂₈H₁₆ClF₆N₅O
Average mass 587.903 Da

622370-35-8 CAS

Methanone, [2-[1-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-3-pyridinyl](2-chlorophenyl)-

(2-(1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(2-chlorophenyl)methanone

[2-[1-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-3-pyridinyl](2-chlorophenyl)methanone

PHASE 2, Gastroparesis; Pruritus

FDA 2025, APPROVALS 2025, 12/30/2025, To treat vomiting associated with motion

pyridine-containing NK-1 receptor antagonist ie tradipitant, useful for treating anxiety, pruritus and alcoholism.

Vanda Pharmaceuticals, under license from Eli Lilly, was developing tradipitant, a NK1 antagonist, for treating anxiety disorder, pruritus and alcohol dependence. The company was also investigating the drug for treating gastroparesis. In February 2017, tradipitant was reported to be in phase 2 clinical development for treating anxiety and pruritus.

Originator Eli Lilly
Developer Eli Lilly; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Vanda Pharmaceuticals
Class Antipruritics; Anxiolytics; Chlorobenzenes; Pyridines; Small molecules; Triazoles
Mechanism of Action Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists; Substance P inhibitors

Highest Development Phases

Phase II Gastroparesis; Pruritus
Discontinued Alcoholism; Social phobia
The drug had been in phase II clinical trials at Lilly and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism for the treatment of alcoholism; however, no recent development has been reported for this research.
A phase II clinical trial for the treatment of social phobia has been completed by Lilly.

PATENT WO 2003091226

Albert Kudzovi Amegadzie, Kevin Matthew Gardinier, Erik James Hembre, Jian Eric Hong, Louis Nickolaus Jungheim, Brian Stephen Muehl, David Michael Remick, Michael Alan Robertson, Kenneth Allen Savin, Less «
Applicant	Eli Lilly And Company

SYNTHESIS

Condensation of 2-chloropyridine with thiophenol in the presence of K2CO3 in DMF at 110ºC yields sulfide intermediate,

which is then oxidized by means of NaOCl in AcOH to give 2-(benzenesulfonyl)pyridine.

This is treated with (iPr)2NH and n-BuLi in THF at -60 to -70°C and subsequently couples with 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in THF at -60 to -70°C to furnish (2-(phenylsulfonyl)pyridin-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone.

Ketone couples with the enolate of 4-acetylpyridine (formed by treating 4-acetylpyridine (VII) with t-BuOK in DMSO) in the presence of LiOH in DMSO and subsequently is treated with PhCOOH in iPrOAc to give rise to pyridine benzoate derivative.

This finally couples with 1-azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzene (obtained by treating 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylchloride with NaN3 ini DMSO) in the presence of K2CO3 in t-BuOH to afford the title compound Tradipitant.

Tradipitant (VLY-686 or LY686017) is an experimental drug that is a neurokinin 1 antagonist. It works by blocking substance P, a small signaling molecule. Originally, this compound was owned by Eli Lilly and named LY686017. VLY-686 was purchased by Vanda Pharmaceuticals from Eli Lilly and Company in 2012.^[1] Vanda Pharmaceuticals is a U.S. pharmaceutical company that as of November 2015 only has 3 drugs in their product pipeline: tasimelteon, VLY-686, and iloperidone.^[2]

Tachykinins are a family of peptides that are widely distributed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. These peptides exert a number of biological effects through actions at tachykinin receptors. To date, three such receptors have been characterized, including the NK-1 , NK-2, and NK-3 subtypes of tachykinin receptor.

The role of the NK-1 receptor subtype in numerous disorders of the central nervous system and the periphery has been thoroughly demonstrated in the art. For instance, NK-1 receptors are believed to play a role in depression, anxiety, and central regulation of various autonomic, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory functions. NK- 1 receptors in the spinal cord are believed to play a role in pain transmission, especially the pain associated with migraine and arthritis. In the periphery, NK-1 receptor activation has been implicated in numerous disorders, including various inflammatory disorders, asthma, and disorders of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract.

There is an increasingly wide recognition that selective NK-1 receptor antagonists would prove useful in the treatment of many diseases of the central nervous system and the periphery. While many of these disorders are being treated by new medicines, there are still many shortcomings associated with existing treatments. For example, the newest class of anti-depressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are increasingly prescribed for the treatment of depression; however, SSRIs have numerous side effects, including nausea, insomnia, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. This could significantly affect patient compliance rate. As another example, current treatments for chemotherapy- induced nausea and emesis, such as the 5-HT₃receptor antagonists, are ineffective in managing delayed emesis. The development of NK-1 receptor antagonists will therefore greatly enhance the ability to treat such disorders more effectively. Thus, the present invention provides a class of potent, non-peptide NK-1 receptor antagonists, compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of using the compounds.

Indications

Pruritus

It is being investigated by Vanda Pharmaceuticals for chronic pruritus (itchiness) in atopic dermatitis. In March 2015, Vanda announced positive results from a Phase II proof of concept study.^[3] A proof of concept study is done in early stage clinical trials after there have been promising preclinical results. It provides preliminary evidence that the drug is active in humans and has some efficacy.^[4]

Alcoholism

VLY-686 reduced alcohol craving in recently detoxified alcoholic patients as measured by the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire.^[5] In a placebo controlled clinical trial of recently detoxified alcoholic patients, VLY-686 significantly reduced alcohol craving as measured by the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire. It also reduced the cortisol increase seen after a stress test compared to placebo. The dose given was 50 mg per day.

Social anxiety disorder

In a 12-week randomized trial of LY68017 in 189 patients with social anxiety disorder, 50 mg of LY68017 did not provide any statistically significant improvement over placebo.^[6]

PATENT

WO03091226,

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2003091226A1?cl=en

PATENT

WO2008079600,

The compound {2-[l-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]- pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)-methanone, depicted below as the compound of Formula I, was first described in PCT published application WO2003/091226.

(I)

Because the compound of Formula I is an antagonist of the NK-I subtype of tachykinin receptor, it is useful for the treatment of disorders associated with an excess of tachykinins. Such disorders include depression, including major depressive disorder; anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and social phobia or social anxiety disorder; schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, including bipolar disorder; neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia, including senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type or Alzheimer’s disease; disorders of bladder function such as bladder detrusor hyper-reflexia and incontinence, including urge incontinence; emesis, including chemotherapy-induced nausea and acute or delayed emesis; pain or nociception; disorders associated with blood pressure, such as hypertension; disorders of blood flow caused by vasodilation and vasospastic diseases, such as angina, migraine, and Reynaud’s disease; hot flushes; acute and chronic obstructive airway diseases such as adult respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopneumonia, bronchospasm, chronic bronchitis, drivercough, and asthma; inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease; gastrointestinal disorders or diseases associated with the neuronal control of viscera such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, functional dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome (including constipation-predominant, diarrhea- -?-

predominant, and mixed irritable bowel syndrome); and cutaneous diseases such as contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and other eczematoid dermatitis.

In PCT published application, WO2005/042515, novel crystalline forms of the compound of Formula I, identified as Form IV and Form V, are identified. Also described in WO2005/042515 is a process for preparation of the compound of Formula I, comprising reacting (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2- hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone or a phosphate salt thereof with l-azidomethyl-3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzene in the presence of a suitable base and a solvent. Use of this procedure results in several shortcomings for synthesis on a commercial scale. For example, use of the solvent DMSO, with (2- chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone phosphate, requires a complex work-up that has a propensity to emulsify. This process also requires extraction with CH₂CI₂, the use of which is discouraged due to its potential as an occupational carcinogen, as well as the use of MgSC>₄ and acid-washed carbon, which can generate large volumes of waste on a commercial scale. Conducting the reaction with (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone in isopropyl alcohol, as also described in WO2005/042515, is also undesirable due to the need to incorporate a free base step. Furthermore, variable levels of residual l-azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzene, a known mutagen, are obtained from use of the procedures described in WO2005/042515.

An improved process for preparing the compound of Formula I would control the level of 1- azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzene impurity, and improve the yield. We have discovered that use of the novel salt, (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate, as well as use of tert-butanol as the reaction solvent, improves reaction times and final yield, and decreases impurities in the final product. In addition, a novel process for the preparation of (2-chlorophenyl)- [2-(2- hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate, in which a pre-formed enolate of 4-acetyl pyridine is added to (2-phenylsulfonyl-pyridine-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone, results in an overall improved yield and improved purity, and is useful on a commercial scale.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 {2-[l-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)- methanone (Form IV)

Suspend (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl] methanone benzoate (204.7 g; 1.04 equiv; 445 mmoles) in t-butanol (614 mL) and treat the slurry with potassium carbonate (124.2 g; 898.6 mmoles). Heat to 7O⁰C with mechanical stirring for 1 hour. Add l-azidomethyl-3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzene (115.6 g; 1.00 equiv; 429.4 mmoles) in a single portion, then heat the mixture to reflux. A circulating bath is used to maintain a condenser temperature of 3O⁰C. After 18 hours at reflux, HPLC reveals that the reaction is complete (<2% l-azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzene remaining). The mixture is cooled to 7O⁰C, isopropanol (818 mL) is added, then the mixture is stirred at 7O⁰C for 1 hour. The mixture is filtered, and the waste filter cake is rinsed with isopropanol (409 mL). The combined filtrate and washes are transferred to a reactor, and the mechanically stirred contents are heated to 7O⁰C. To the dark purple solution, water (1.84 L) is added slowly over 35 minutes. The solution is cooled to 6O⁰C, then stirred for 1 hour, during which time a thin precipitate forms. The mixture is slowly cooled to RT, then the solid is filtered, washed with 1 : 1 isopropanol/water (614 mL), subsequently washed with isopropanol (410 mL), then dried in vacuo at 45⁰C to produce 200.3 g of crude {2-[l-(3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)-methanone as a white solid. Crude {2-[l-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin- 3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)-methanone (200.3 g) and isopropyl acetate (600 mL) are charged to a 5L 3-neck jacketed flask, then the contents heated to 75⁰C. After dissolution is achieved, the vessel contents are cooled to 55⁰C, then the solution polish filtered through a 5 micron filter, and the filter rinsed with a volume of isopropyl acetate (200 mL). After the polish filtration operation is complete, the filtrates are combined, and the vessel contents are adjusted to 5O⁰C. After stirring for at least 15 minutes at 5O⁰C, 0.21 grams of {2-[l-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2- chlorophenyl)-methanone Form IV seed (d90 = 40 microns) is added, and the mixture stirred at 5O⁰C for at least 2 h. Heptanes (1.90 L) are then added over at least 2 h. After the heptanes addition is completed, the slurry is stirred for an hour at 5O⁰C, cooled to 23⁰C at a rate less then 2O⁰C per hour, then aged at 23⁰C for an hour prior to isolation. The mixture is then filtered in portions through the bottom outlet valve in the reactor into a 600 mL filter. The resulting wetcake is washed portionwise with a solution containing heptanes (420 mL) and isopropyl acetate (180 mL), which is passed directly through the 5L crystallization vessel. The wetcake is blown dry for 5 minutes with nitrogen, then transferred to a 500 mL plastic bottle. The product is dried at 5O⁰C for 4 h. to produce 190.3g of pure {2-[l-(3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)- methanone, Form IV in 75.0% yield with 100% purity, as determined by HPLC analysis. Particle size is reduced via pin or jet mill. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 5.46 (s, 2H); 7.19 (m, 5H); 7.36 (dd, IH, J = 4.9, 7.8); 7.45 (s, 2H); 7.59 (m, IH); 7.83 (s, IH); 7.93 (dd, IH, J = 1.5, 7.8); 8.56 (dd, IH, J= 1.5, 4.9); 8.70 (d, 2H, J= 5.9).

Preparation 1-A (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate Charge powdered KOfBu (221.1 g, 1.93 moles, 1.40 eq.) to Reactor A, then charge DMSO (2 L) at

25⁰C over 10 min. The KOfBu/DMSO solution is stirred for 30 min at 23⁰C, then a solution of 4-acetyl pyridine (92 mL, 2.07 moles, 1.50 eq) in DMSO (250 mL) is prepared in reactor B. The contents of reactor B are added to Reactor A over 10 minutes, then the Reactor A enolate solution is stirred at 23⁰C for Ih. In a separate 12-L flask (Reactor C), solid LiOH (84.26 g, 3.45 moles, 2.0 eq) is poured into a mixture of (2- phenylsulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone (500.0 g, 1.34 moles, 1.0 eq) and DMSO (2L), with stirring, at 23⁰C. The enolate solution in reactor A is then added to Reactor C over a period of at least 15 minutes, and the red suspension warmed to 4O⁰C. The reaction is stirred for 3h, after which time HPLC analysis reveals less than 2% (2-phenylsulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone. Toluene (2.5 L) is charged, and the reactor temperature cooled to 3O⁰C. The mixture is quenched by addition of glacial acetic acid (316 mL, 5.52 moles, 4.0 eq), followed by 10 % NaCl (2.5 L). The biphasic mixture is transferred to a 22-L bottom-outlet Morton flask, and the aqueous layer is removed. The aqueous layer is then extracted with toluene (750 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with 10 % NaCl (750 mL), then concentrated to 4 volumes and transferred to a 12-L Morton flask and rinsed with isopropyl acetate (4 vol, 2 L). The opaque amber solution is warmed to 75 degrees to 75⁰C over 40 min. Benzoic acid (171. Ig, 1.34 moles, 1.0 eq) is dissolved in hot isopropyl acetate (1.5 L), and charged to the crude free base solution over at least 30 min. The crude solution containing benzoate salt is stirred for 0.5 h at 75⁰C then cooled to 23 ⁰C. When solids are first observed, the cooling is stopped and the mixture is aged for an hour at the temperature at which crystals are first observed. Alternatively, if seed crystal is available, the mixture may be seeded with (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate (2.25g) at 75⁰C, followed by stirring for 0.5 h at 75⁰C, then cooling to 23⁰C over at least 1.5 h. The mixture is then cooled to <5 ⁰C, then filtered through paper on a 24cm single-plate filter. The filtercake is then rinsed with cold z^‘-PrOAc (750 mL) to produce granular crystals of bright orange-red color. The wet solid is dried at 55⁰C to produce 527.3 g (83% yield) with 99.9% purity. (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2- pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate. Anal. Calcd. for C₂₆Hi₉N₂ClO₄: C, 68.05; H, 4.17; N, 7.13. Found: C, 67.89; H, 4.15; N 6.05. HRMS: calcd for C₁₉H₁₃ClN₂O₂, 336.0666; found 336.0673.

The synthesis of(2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate proceeds optimally when the potassium enolate of 4-acetyl pyridine is pre-formed using KOfBu in DMSO. Pre-formation of the enolate allows the SNAR (nucleophilic aromatic substitution) reaction to be performed between room temperature and 4O⁰C, which minimizes the amount of degradation. Under these conditions, the SNAR is highly regioselective, resulting in a ratio of approximately 95:5 preferential C – acylation. In all cases, less polar solvents such as THF or toluene, or co-solvents of these solvents mixed with DMSO, results in a substantial increase of acylation at the oxygen in the SNAR, and leads to a lower yield of product. This is a substantial improvement over the procedures described in WO2005/042515 for synthesis of the free base or the phosphate salt, in which the SNAR is performed at 60-70⁰C, resulting in a substantial increase in chemical impurity. Using the conditions described in WO2005/042515, when scaled to 2kg, results in maximum yields of 55%, with sub-optimal potency. In comparison, the improved conditions described herein can be run reproducibly from 0.4 to 2kg scale to give yields of 77-83%, with >99% purity. In addition, the reaction can be held overnight at 4O⁰C with minimal degradation, whereas holding the reaction for 1 h past completion at 60-70°C results in substantial aromatized impurity. The reaction may also be performed using sodium tert-amylate as the base, in combination with an aprotic solvent, such as DMSO or DMF.

The title compound exists as a mixture of tautomers and geometric isomers. It is understood that each of these forms is encompassed within the scope of the invention.

Preparation 1-B

(2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone toluate The procedure described in Preparation 1-A is followed, with the following exception. Solid toluic acid (1.0 eq) is added to the crude free base solution at 55⁰C, then the solution cooled to 45 ⁰C. The solution is stirred for one hour at 45 ⁰C, then slowly cooled to 23 ⁰C. When solids are first observed, the cooling is stopped and the mixture is aged for an hour at the temperature at which crystals are first observed. Alternatively, if seed crystal is available, the mixture may be seeded, aged for 3 h at 45⁰C , then cooled to O⁰C over 4 h. The isolation slurry is filtered, and the wetcake washed with MeOH (3 volumes). The wetcake is dried at 5O⁰C to provide 14.0 g (76.4%) of (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl- vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone toluate as a light red powder.

As with the benzoate salt, the toluate salt can also exist as a mixture of tautomers and geometric isomers, each of which is encompassed within the scope of the invention. (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy- 2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone toluate . ¹³C NMR (125 MHz,DMS0-d6) δ 194.5, 167.8, 167.4, 155.5, 150.7 (2C), 147.4, 144.0, 143.4, 142.7, 138.6, 133.0, 130.8, 130.7, 130.5, 129.8(2C), 129.5(2C), 128.5, 128.0, 127.9, 119.9 (2C), 118.6, 92.6, 21.5.

Preparation 1-C

(2-phenylsulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone

A solution of 1.3 eq of diisopropylamine (based on 2-benzenesulfonyl pyridine) in 5 volumes of THF in a mechanically stirred 3 -necked flask is cooled to -70 to -75 ⁰C. To this solution is added 1.05 eq of w-butyllithium (1.6M in hexanes) at such a rate as to maintain the temperature below -6O⁰C. The light yellow solution is stirred at -60 to -70 ⁰C for 30 minutes. Once the temperature has cooled back down to – 60 to -65⁰C, 1.0 eq of 2-benzene-sulfonyl pyridine, as a solution in 3 volumes of THF, is added at the fastest rate that will maintain the reaction temperature under -6O⁰C. A yellow suspension forms during the addition that becomes yellow-orange upon longer stirring. This mixture is stirred for 3 hours at -60 to – 75⁰C, and then 1.06 eq of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, as a solution in 1 volume of THF, is added dropwise at a sufficient rate to keep the temperature under -55 ⁰C. The suspension gradually turns orange-red, thins out, and then becomes a clear red solution. The reaction mixture is allowed to stir at -60 to -7O⁰C for 1 hour, 3N aqueous HCl (7 volumes) is added over 20-30 minutes, and the temperature is allowed to exotherm to 0-10⁰C. The color largely disappears, leaving a biphasic yellow solution. The solution is warmed to at least 1O⁰C, the layers are separated, and the aqueous layer is back-extracted with 10 volumes of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers are washed with 10 volumes of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and concentrated to about 2 volumes. Ethyl acetate (10 volumes) is added, and the solution is once again concentrated to 2 volumes. The thick solution is allowed to stand overnight and is taken to the next step with no purification of the crude alcohol intermediate. The crude alcohol intermediate is transferred to a 3 -necked flask with enough ethyl acetate to make the total solution about 10 volumes. The yellow solution is treated with 3.2 volumes of 10% aqueous (w/w) potassium bromide, followed by 0.07 eq of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (TEMPO). The orange mixture is cooled to 0-5⁰C and treated with a solution of 1.25 eq of sodium bicarbonate in 12% w/w sodium hypochlorite (9 volumes) and 5 volumes of water over 30-60 minutes while allowing the temperature to exotherm to a maximum of 2O⁰C. The mixture turns dark brown during the addition, but becomes yellow, and a thick precipitate forms. The biphasic light yellow mixture is allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 1-3 hours, at which time the reaction is generally completed. The biphasic mixture is cooled to 0-5⁰C and stirred for 3 hours at that temperature. The solid is filtered off, washed with 4 volumes of cold ethyl acetate, followed by 4 volumes of water, and dried in vacuo at 45⁰C to constant weight. Typical yield is 80-83% with a purity of greater than 98%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃-^) δ ppm 7.38 (td, ./=7.52, 1.28 Hz, 1 H) 7.47 (dd, ./=7.80, 1.30 Hz, 1 H) 7.51 (td, ./=7.79, 1.60 Hz, 1 H) 7.51 (t, ./=7.89 Hz, 2 H) 7.50 – 7.54 (m, J=7.75, 4.63 Hz, 1 H) 7.60 (t, J=7.43 Hz, 1 H) 7.73 (dd, J=7.75, 1.60 Hz, 1 H) 7.81 (dd, J=7.79, 1.56 Hz, 1 H) 8.00 (dd, ./=8.44, 1.10 Hz, 2 H) 8.76 (dd, ./=4.63, 1.61 Hz, 1 H).

Preparation 1-D 1 -azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzene

Sodium azide (74.3 g, 1.14 mol) is suspended in water (125 mL), then DMSO (625 mL) is added. After stirring for 30 minutes, a solution consisting of 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride (255.3 g, 0.97 moles) and DMSO (500 mL) is added over 30 minutes. (The 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride is heated to 35⁰C to liquefy prior to dispensing (MP = 30-32⁰C)). The benzyl chloride feed vessel is rinsed with DMSO (50 mL) into the sodium azide solution, the mixture is heated to 4O⁰C, and then maintained for an hour at 4O⁰C, then cooled to 23⁰C.

In Process Analysis: A drop of the reaction mixture is dissolved in d6-DMSO and the relative intensities of the methylene signals are integrated (NMR verified as a 0.35% limit test for 3,5- Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl Chloride). Work-up: After the mixture reaches 23⁰C , it is diluted with heptanes (1500 mL), then water (1000 mL) is added, and the mixture exotherms to 35⁰C against a jacket setpoint of 23⁰C. The aqueous layer is removed (-2200 mL), then the organic layer (approximately 1700 mL) is washed with water (2 X 750 mL). The combined aqueous layers (-3700 mL) are analyzed and discarded.

The solvent is then partially removed via vacuum distillation with a jacket set point of 85⁰C, pot temperature of 60-65⁰C and distillate head temperature of 50-55⁰C to produce 485g (94.5% yield) of 51 Wt% solution title compound as a clear liquid. Heptanes can be either further removed by vacuum distillation or wiped film evaporation technology. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 4.58 (s, 2H); 7.81 (s, 2H); 7.90 (s, IH).

Preparation 1-E 2-benzene-sulfonyl pyridine Charge 2-chloropyridine (75 mL, 790 mmol), thiophenol (90 mL, 852 mmol), and DMF (450 mL) to a 2L flask. Add K₂CO₃ (134.6 g, 962 mmol), then heat to HO⁰C and stir for 18 hours. Filter the mixture, then rinse the waste cake with DMF (195 mL). The combined crude sulfide solution and rinses are transferred to a 5-L flask, and the waste filtercake is discarded. Glacial acetic acid (57 mL, 995 mmol) is added to the filtrate, then the solution is heated to 4O⁰C, and 13 wt % NaOCl solution (850 mL, 1.7 mol) is added over 2 hours. After the reaction is complete, water (150 mL) is added, then the pH of the mixture adjusted to 9 with 20 % (w/v) NaOH solution (250 mL). The resulting slurry is cooled to <5 ⁰C, stirred for 1.5 h, then filtered, and the cake washed with water (3 x 200 mL). The product wetcake is dried in a 55⁰C vacuum oven to provide 2-benzene-sulfonyl pyridine (149 g, 676 mmol) in 86 % yield: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.66 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, IH), 8.19 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, IH), 8.05 (m, 2H), 7.92 (ddd, J= 9.3, 7.7, 1.6 Hz, IH), 7.60 (m, IH), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, IH); IR (KBr) 788, 984, 1124, 1166, 1306, 1424, 1446, 1575, 3085 cm^“1; MS (TOF) mlz 220.0439 (220.0427 calcd for C₁₁H₁₀NO₂S, MH); Anal, calcd for C₁₁H₉NO₂S: C, 60.26; H, 4.14; N, 6.39; S, 14.62. Found: C, 60.40; H, 4.02; N, 6.40; S, 14.76.

As noted above, use of the improved process of the present invention results in an improved habit of the crystalline Form IV compound of Formula I. The improved habit reduces surface area of the crystal, improves the filtration, and washing, and improves the efficiency of azide mutagen rejection. These improvements are described in greater detail below.

In patent application WO2005/042515, the polish filtration is carried out in 7 volumes (L/kg) of isopropanol near its boiling point (65-83 ⁰C), a process that is difficult and hazardous to execute in commercial manufacturing because of the high risk of crystallization on the filter and/or vessel transfer lines due to supersaturation. In the preferred crystallization solvent, isopropyl acetate, the polish filtration is conducted in four volumes of isopropyl acetate at temperatures from 45 to 55 ⁰C. This temperature range is 35 to 45 ⁰C lower than the boiling point of isopropyl acetate, which provides a key safety advantage.

PATENT

WO 2005042515

PATENT

WO 2017031215

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Preparation of Compound (I) via Negishi Coupling Route

Example 1 provides a scheme including preparations 1A-1D, described below, for the synthesis of the compound of Formula (I) and intermediates used in the route. An overview of the scheme is as follows:

80 on ma s ale

Example 1A: Preparation of Compound (I)

Zinc dust (200 mg, 3.06 mmol) combined with 2.0 mL of dimethylformamide was treated with 0.010 mL of 1,2-dibromoethane and heated to 65°C for 3 minutes. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and treated with 0.010 mL of trimethylsilyl chloride. After 5 minutes, 1.26 mL of 1M zinc chloride in diethyl ether was added to the mixture followed by Compound (Ila) (600 mg, 1.20 mmol). The mixture was heated to 65°C and further treated with 0.020 mL each of 1,2-dibromoethane and trimethylsilyl chloride. After 2.5 hours, via HPLC chromatogram, the reaction showed some formation of the zincate and was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours. At this time

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (70 mg, 0.06 mmol), Compound (Ilia) (357 mg, 1.20 mmol) were added to the reaction and the mixture heated to 65°C. HPLC analysis showed the formation of Compound (I) in the reaction.

IB: Preparation of Comp

To a solution of Compound (IV) (8.00 g, 18 mmol) in 40 mL of 1,2-dichloroethane was added a solution of iodine monochloride (10.7 g, 65.9 mmol) in 40 mL of 1,2-dichloroethane resulting in a slurry. The slurry was heated to 75^°C for 4 hours then cooled to ambient temperature. The solids were collected by filtration, washed with heptane, then combined with 90 mL of ethyl acetate and 80 mL of saturated sodium thiosulfate solution. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution and dried with sodium sulfate. The mixture was concentrated to yield 7.80 g (87%) of Compound (Ila) as a yellow solid. The product could be further purified by silica gel chromatography. Thus 2.0 g of yellow solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and charged onto a silica gel column. The product was eluted using tert-butyl methyl ether to provide 1.87 g (93% recovery) of Compound (Ila) as a white powder. Analytical data: Iodine monochloride complex: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.80 (2 H), 8.05 (1 H), 7.77 (2 H), 7.59 (2 H), 5.86 (2 H).

Uncomplexed: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.71 (2 H), 8.03 (1 H), 7.74 (2 H), 7.44 (2 H), 5.86 (2 H).

It was observed that the iodination proceeded smoothly as a suspension in 1,2-dichloroethane with IC1 (4.0 equiv) at 75°C. An ICl-Compound (Ila) complex was initially isolated by filtration. Compound (Ila) was then obtained in approximately 85% yield by treatment of the ICl-Compound (Ila) complex with sodium thiosulfate. This protocol provided a viable means of isolation of Compound (Ila) without the use of DMF.

Example 1C: Preparation of silyl substituted triazole (Compound IV)

A mixture of Compound (V) (8.07 g, 30.0 mmol) and Compound (VI) (5.12 g, 29.2 mmol) was heated to 100^°C for 18 hours. To the mixture was added 40 mL of heptane and the reaction was allowed to cool with rapid stirring. After 1 hour the solids were collected by filtration and washed with heptane then dried to 9.30 g (72%) of Compound (IV) as a tan solid. Analytical data: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.66 (2 H), 8.04 (1 H), 7.67 (2 H), 7.32 (2 H), 5.72 (2 H), 0.08 (9 H).

It was further found that combining Compound (V) and Compound (VI) (neat) and heating at 95 – 105°C afforded a 92: 8 mixture of regioisomers as shown below:

Crystallization of the mixture from heptane afforded Compound (IV) in 62-72% yield, thus obviating the need for chromatography to isolate Compound (IV).

Example ID: Preparation of starting material Compound (VI)

Zinc bromide (502 g, 2.23 mole) was added in approximately 100 g portions to 2.0 L of tetrahydrofuran cooled to between 0 and 10°C. To this cooled solution was added 4-bromopyridine hydrochloride (200 g, 1.02 mol), triphenylphosphine (54 g, 0.206 mol), and palladium (II) chloride (9.00 g, 0.0508 mol). Triethylamine (813 g, 8.03 mol) was then added at a rate to maintain the reaction temperature at less than 10°C, and finally

trimethylsilylacetylene (202 g, 2.05 mol) was added. The mixture was heated to 60°C for 4.5 hours. The reaction was cooled to -5°C and combined with 2.0 L of hexanes and treated with 2 L of 7.4 M NH4OH. Some solids were formed and were removed as much as possible with the aqueous phase. The organic phase was again washed with 2.0 L of 7.4 M NH4OH, followed by 2 washes with 500 mL of water, neutralized with 1.7 L of 3 M hydrochloric acid, dried with sodium sulfate, and concentrate to a thick slurry. The slurry was combined with 1.0 L of hexanes to give a precipitate. The precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated to 209 g of dark oil. The product was purified by distillation (0.2 torr, 68°C) to give 172 g (96%) of Compound (VI) as colorless oil. Analytical data: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMDO-de) δ 8.57 (2 H), 7.40 (2 H), 0.23 (9 H).

EXAMPLE 2 – Preparation of Compound (Ilia)

Example 2 provides a morpholine amide route for the synthesis of Compound (Ilia). In this approach, morpholine amide (Compound VII) was prepared from 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (Preparation 2A). Metallation of 2-bromopyridine with LDA (1.09 equiv.) in THF at -70°C followed by addition of (Compound VII) afforded Compound (Ilia) in 37% yield after crystallization from IP A/heptane (Preparation 2B). This sequence provides a direct route to Compound (Ilia), and a means to isolate Compound (Ilia) without the use of

chromatography. Compound (Ilia) may then be used to form Compound (I) as shown in Example 1A above (Preparation 2C).

Preparation 2A: Preparation of Compound (VII)

Toluene (1.5 L) was added to Compound (IX) (150 g, 0.86 mol) and cooled to 10°C. Morpholine (82 mL, 0.94 mol) was added to the clear solution over 10 minutes. The resulting white slurry was stirred for 20 minutes then pyridine (92 mL, 1.2 mol) was added dropwise over 20 minutes. The cloudy white mixture was stirred in a cold bath for 1 hour. Water (600 mL) was added in a single portion and the cold bath removed. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and the layers are separated. The organic layer was washed with a mixture of 1 N HC1 and water (2: 1, 500 mL:250 mL). The pH of the aqueous layer was ~ 2. The organic layer was washed with a mixture of saturated NaHCCb and water (1 : 1, 100 mL: 100 mL). The pH of the aqueous layer was ~ 9. The layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to an oil. The oil was dissolved in IPA (70 mL) and heated at 60°C for 30 min. The clear solution was allowed to cool to 30°C, then heptane (700 mL, 4.7 v) was added dropwise. The resulting slurry was stirred at RT for 2 hours then cooled to 0°C for 1 hour. The slurry was filtered at RT, washed with heptane then dried under vacuum at 30°C overnight. Compound (VII) (156.2 g, 81%) was obtained as a white solid. Analytical data: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, CDCh) δ 7.42-7.40 (m, 1 H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 3 H), 3.91-3.87 (m, 1 H), 3.80-3.76 (m, 3 H), 3.71 (ddd, J= 11.5, 6.8, 3.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.60 (ddd, J = 11.2, 6.4, 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.28 (ddd, J= 13.4, 6.3, 3.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.22 (ddd, J= 13.7, 6.8, 3.3 Hz, 1 H); LRMS (ES+) calcd for CnHi₃F₆ClN02 (M+H)⁺ 226.1, found 225.9 m/z.

Preparation 2B: Preparation of Compound (Ilia)

THF (75 mL) was added to diisopropyl amine (4.9 mL, 34.8 mmol) and cooled to a

temperature of -70^°C under N2 atmosphere. 2.5 M w-BuLi in hexanes (13.9 mL, 34.8 mmol) was added in a single portion (a 30-40°C exotherm) to the clear solution and cooled back to -70°C. Compound (VIII) (5.0 g, 31.6 mmol) was added neat to the LDA solution (a 2 to 5°C exotherm) followed by a THF (10 mL) rinse, keeping T< -65°C. This clear yellow solution was stirred at -70°C for 15 min. Compound (VII) (7.1 g, 31.6 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added keeping T< -65^°C. The resulting clear orange solution was stirred at -70^°C for 3 hours. MeOH (3 mL) was added to quench reaction mixture and the cold bath was removed. 5 N HC1 (25 mL) was added to the reaction solution. MTBE (25 mL) was added, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with water (25 mL X 2). The organic layer was dried over MgS04 and filtered. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to an orange oil. The oil was dissolved in IPA (15 mL, 3 vol) at ambient temperature. Heptane (25 mL) was added dropwise and the resulting slurry was stirred at RT for 1 hour. The slurry was cooled to 0°C for 1 hour and filtered. The filter cake was rinsed with chilled heptane (20 mL) and dried under vacuum at 30°C overnight. Compound (Ilia) (4.25 g, 45%) was obtained as a yellow solid.

Several reactions were run at different temperatures and with different addition rates of Compound (VII). If the reaction temperature was maintained below -65°C and Compound (VII) was added in <5 min, it was found that the reaction worked well. If the temperature was increased and/or the addition time of Compound (VII) was increased, then yields suffered, and the work-up was complicated by emulsions.

Preparation 2C: Preparation of Compound (I)

Compound (Ilia) may then reacted with Compound (Ila) to produce Compound (I) as shown in Preparation 1A.

EXAMPLE 3

Example 3 describes a new route for the synthesis of an intermediate free base, which may be used to form Compound (I) as described further below.

Example 3A: Preparation of starting material (Compound X) from 2-Chloronicotinonitrile

A mixture of NaH (40.0 g, 1 mol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) and 2-chloronicotinonitrile (69.3 g, 500 mmol) in THF (1 L) was heated to reflux. A solution of 4-acetylpyridine (60.6 g, 500 mmol) in THF (400 mL) was added over a period of 40 min. The resulting dark brown mixture was stirred at reflux for ~ 2 h. The heating mantle was then removed, and AcOH (58 mL, 1 mol) was added. EtOAc (1 L) and H2O (1 L) were then added, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated to afford an oily solid. CH3CN (500 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. H2O (1 L) was then added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h then filtered. The solid was rinsed with 2: 1

CH3CN-H2O (900 mL) and hexanes (400 mL) then dried under vacuum at 45°C overnight to afford 61.4 g (55% yield) of Compound (X) as yellow solid. Compound (X) exists as an approximate 95:5 enol-ketone mixture in CDCI3. Analytical data for enol: IR (CHCI3): 3024, 2973, 2229, 1631, 1597, 1579, 1550, 1497; ¾ NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.69 (dd, J= 4.4,

1.7 Hz, 2H), 8.55 (dd, J = 5.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J= 7.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J= 4.6, 1.5 Hz, 2H, 7.17 (dd, J = 7.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H); LRMS (ES+) calcd for C13H10N3O (M+H)⁺ 224.1, found 224.0 m/z.

Preparation 3B: Preparation of Compound (XI)

Preparation 3B(1):

(X) (XI)

Compound (XI) may be prepared using Compound (X).

Preparation 3B(2):

Alternatively, the following procedure for the conversion of nitrile into an acid which may also yield compound (XI). A mixture of Compound (X) (1 eq) and NaOH (1.5 eq) in 1 : 1 fhO-EtOH (3.5 mL/g of Compound (X)) was heated at 65°C overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT then added to CH₂C1₂ (12.5 mL/g of Compound (X)) and H₂0 (12.5 mL/g of Compound (X)). Cone. HC1 (2.5 mL/g of Compound (X)) was then added, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2CI2 (10 mL/g of Compound (X)). The combined organic extracts were washed with H2O (12.5 ml/g of Compound (X)), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to afford Compound (XI).

Preparation 3C

Compound Compound (XI) may then be converted into a Stage C intermediate free base, with observed 87% conversion in Grignard reaction as shown above. A complete synthesis route for Com ound (I) starting from compound Compound (XI) is depicted below.

Detailed experimental procedures for the synthesis of benzoate salt and final step are given in

International Patent Application Publication WO 2008/079600 Al .

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The effect of chronic neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism on sympathetic nervous system activity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Dig Dis Week (DDW) (May 30-June 4, Chicago) 2009, Abst T1261

Kopach, M.E.; Kobierski, M.E.; Coffey, D.S.; et al.
Process development and pilot-plant synthesis of (2-chlorophenyl)[2-(phenylsulfonyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone
Org Process Res Dev 2010, 14(5): 1229

1 to 7 of 7

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US2016060250	NOVEL INTERMEDIATE AND PROCESS USEFUL IN THE PREPARATION OF -(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-METHANONE	2015-11-10	2016-03-03
US2015320866	PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING ANTIEMETIC COMPOUNDS AND POLYORTHOESTER	2013-12-13	2015-11-12
US2014206877	NOVEL INTERMEDIATE AND PROCESS USEFUL IN THE PREPARATION OF -(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-METHANONE	2014-03-27	2014-07-24
US2012225904	New 7-Phenyl-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4, 3-a]Pyridin-3(2H)-One Derivatives	2010-11-09	2012-09-06
US2010056795	NOVEL INTERMEDIATE AND PROCESS USEFUL IN THE PREPARATION OF -(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-METHANONE	2010-03-04
US7381826	Crystalline forms of {2-[1-(3, 5-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-[1, 2, 3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)-methanone	2007-04-05	2008-06-03
US7320994	Triazole derivatives as tachykinin receptor antagonists	2005-10-27	2008-01-22

Tradipitant
Legal status

Legal status	Investigational
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	622370-35-8
PubChem CID	9916461
ChemSpider	8092108
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₈H₁₆ClF₆N₅O
Molar mass	587.90 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [hide] Clc1ccccc1C(=O)c2c(nccc2)c3nnn(c3c4ccncc4)Cc5cc(cc(c5)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F

TRADIPITANT

Overview

Tradipitant

Tradipitant is being evaluated in a Phase II study in treatment resistant pruritus in atopic dermatitis.

Tradipitant is an NK-1 receptor antagonist licensed from Eli Lilly in 2012. Tradipitant has demonstrated proof-of-concept in alcohol dependence in a study published by the NIH¹. In that study tradipitant was shown to reduce alcohol cravings and voluntary alcohol consumption among patients with alcohol dependence. NK-1R antagonists have been evaluated in a number of indications including chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), alcohol dependence, anxiety, depression, and pruritus.

The NK-1R is expressed throughout different tissues of the body, with major activity found in neuronal tissue. Substance P (SP) and NK-1R interactions in neuronal tissue regulate neurogenic inflammation locally and the pain perception pathway through the central nervous system. Other tissues, including endothelial cells and immune cells, have also exhibited SP and NK-1R activity². The activation of NK-1R by the natural ligand SP is involved in numerous physiological processes, including the perception of pain, behavioral stressors, cravings, and the processes of nausea and vomiting^1,2,3. An inappropriate over-expression of SP either in nervous tissue or peripherally could result in pathological conditions such as substance dependence, anxiety, nausea/vomiting, and pruritus^1,2,3,4. An NK-1R antagonist may possess the ability to reduce this over-stimulation of the NK-1R, and as a result address the underlying pathophysiology of the symptoms in these conditions.

References

George DT, Gilman J, Hersh J, Thorsell A, Herion D, Geyer C, Peng X, Keilbasa W, Rawlings R, Brandt JE, Gehlert DR, Tauscher JT, Hunt SP, Hommer D, Heilig M. Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism. Science. 2008; 319(5869):1536-9
Almeida TA, Rojo J, Nieto PM, Pinto FM, Hernandez M, et al. Tachykinins and tachykinin receptors: structure and activity relationships. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2004;11:2045-2081.
Hargreaves R, Ferreira JC, Hughes D, Brands J, Hale J, Mattson B, Mill S. Development of aprepitant, the first neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2011; 1222:40-48.
Stander S, Weisshaar E, Luger A. Neurophysiological and neurochemical basis of modern pruritus treatment. Experimental Dermatology. 2007;17:161-69.

///////////////////tradipitant, PHASE 2, VLY-686, LY686017, традипитант , تراديبيتانت , 曲地匹坦 , VANDA, ELI LILLY, Gastroparesis Pruritus, FDA 2025, APPROVALS 2025, vomiting associated with motion

Zydus Cadila to launch India’s 1st Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine – VaxiFlu – 4

February 25, 2017 9:07 am / Leave a comment

Zydus Cadila to launch India’s 1st Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine – VaxiFlu – 4

Ahmedabad, February 24, 2017

Zydus Cadila, a research-driven, global healthcare provider has received approvals from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and the Central Drug Laboratory (CDL) to market the Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine for seasonal flu, VaxiFlu – 4. With this, Zydus Cadila will become the first Indian pharma company and second in the world to launch a Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine. The vaccine provides protection from the four influenza viruses- H1N1, H3N2, Type B (Brisbane) and Type B (Phuket).

Image result for VaxiFlu - 4

VaxiFlu – 4 will be marketed by Zydus Vaxxicare – a division of the group focussing on preventives. The Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine has been developed at the Vaccine Technology Centre (VTC) in Ahmedabad which has proven capabilities in researching, developing, and manufacturing of safe and efficacious vaccines. The group was also the first to indigenously develop, manufacture and launch India’s first vaccine against H1N1 – Vaxiflu-S.

VTC further plans to develop a wide spectrum of vaccines against bacterial, viral and protozoal infections and has a robust pipeline of vaccines like Pentavalent (DTP-Hib-HepB), Conjugated Typhoid Vaccine, HPV, MMRV, Malaria and Hepatitis B vaccines. The group also markets the anti-rabies vaccine and the typhoid vaccine.

Speaking on the development Mr. Pankaj R. Patel, Chairman and Managing Director, Zydus Cadila said, “Disease prevention is the key to public health in both the developing and the developed world and vaccines have the potential to improve the quality of life in both spectrums. In countries such as India, there is a pressing need for low cost, high quality vaccines that can address healthcare challenges. With the launch of vaccines like VaxiFlu – 4 we are serving the cause of public health and meeting the twin challenge of affordability and accessibility.”

Influenza, or the “flu” as it is commonly called, is an infection of the respiratory tract. It is a dreaded disease and the morbidity and mortality rates associated with influenza are especially high during pandemics. Annually it is estimated that it attacks 5-10% of adults and 20-30% of children globally and causes significant levels of illness, hospitalization and death. In India, the 2009 swine flu pandemic infected more than 10 million people and resulted in more than 18000 deaths worldwide.

The last major outbreak in India occurred in 2015 with more than 33000 registered cases of influenza and over 2000 deaths. There are different strains of influenza viruses that infect human beings, the predominant ones being influenza A and influenza B. The common subtypes of influenza A found in general circulation amongst people are H1N1 (which was responsible for the devastating swine flu pandemic) and H3N2.

The subtypes of influenza B commonly found in circulation are influenza B (Brisbane – Victoria lineage) and influenza B (Phuket – Yamagata lineage). Vaccination against influenza is the most effective way to protect oneself against the dangers of influenza. Majority of the influenza vaccines available in India are inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines.

These vaccines provide protection against 2 strains of influenza A and 1 strain of influenza B. Protection against only 1 subtype of influenza B often leads to a vaccine mismatch i.e. the antigen of influenza B present in the trivalent vaccine may not match the influenza B subtype circulating during the season, leading to suboptimal protection. A quadrivalent vaccine, by virtue of having a comprehensive coverage against 2 strains of both influenza A and influenza B, provides a broader protection and significantly reduces the risk of vaccine mismatch. Vaxiflu – 4 is the first quadrivalent influenza vaccine in india.

About Zydus Zydus Cadila is an innovative, global pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of healthcare therapies, including small molecule drugs, biologic therapeutics and vaccines. The group employs over 19,500 people worldwide, including 1200 scientists engaged in R & D, and is dedicated to creating healthier communities globally. For more information, please visit http://www.zyduscadila.com

Zydus’ vaccine research programme The Vaccine Technology Centre (VTC) is the vaccine research centre of the Zydus Group. The group has two state-of-the-art R & D Centers, one located in Catania, Italy and the other in Ahmedabad, in the western part of India. The goup has been developing vaccines for the basic vaccine programmes such as Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Haemophilus Influenzae type B, Hepatitis B, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Influenza and Typhoid fever. In addition, it is developing new vaccines such as Human Papilloma Virus, Leishmaniasis, Malaria, Haemorrhagic Congo Fever, Ebola and Japanese Encephalitis.

Ref

Zydus Cadila to launch India’s 1st Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine – VaxiFlu – 4 Read more: https://goo.gl/xuSTfK #ZydusAnnouncement

Image result for Trivalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine

///////////Zydus Cadila, Tetravalent Inactivated, Influenza vaccine, VaxiFlu – 4

1-Amino-3-ethyl-5-nitratemethyladamantane hydrochloride (MN-05)

February 20, 2017 10:56 am / Leave a comment

1-Amino-3-ethyl-5-nitratemethyladamantane hydrochloride (MN-05)

Cas 1835197-63-1

C₁₃ H₂₂ N₂ O_{_3,}254.33

Tricyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decane-1-methanol, 3-amino-5-ethyl-, 1-nitrate

Amantadine and its derivatives have a variety of biological activity, in the field of medicine has a wide range of applications. Rimantine (1-aminoethyl adamantane, Rimantadine) is currently widely used in clinical prevention and treatment of influenza drugs. Amantadine is widely used in the treatment of influenza and Parkinson & apos; s Disease (PD) (Schwab et al., J. Am. Med. Asos. 1669, 208: 1168). Memantine is the only NMDA receptor antagonist approved by the US FDA for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). NMDA receptors are a subtype of the important excitatory amino acid ionotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system and are important receptors in the learning and memory process. NMDA receptor pathway is opened after the non-selective allow some cations, such as Ca ²⁺ , K ⁺ and Na ⁺ into the cells, these ions, especially calcium ions can cause a series of biochemical reactions, and ultimately lead to neurotoxicity , Causing neuronal apoptosis. Memantine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor open channel, which binds to binding sites within the ion channel and blocks the intramolecular flow and acts as a neuroprotective effect. The combination of memantine to NMDA receptors is reversible and has a moderate dissociation rate that ensures both pharmacological effects and ensures that it does not accumulate in the channel and affects normal physiological functions (Lipton et al. Journal of neurochemistry. 2006, 97: 1611-1626). At the same time, the antagonism of memantine to NMDA receptor has a strong voltage dependence, only in the neuronal depolarization can be combined with the receptor, which can block the pathological conditions of neurons continue to depolarize the NMDA receptor Activation, without blocking NMDA receptor activation under normal physiological conditions (Wenk et al., CNS drug reviews. 2003, 9 (3): 275-308; McKeage., Drugs & aging.2010,27 (2): 177-179 ). This protection mechanism is also important for the treatment of other central nervous system diseases such as stroke, PD, ALS and so on, and therefore it has a good prospect for the treatment of these diseases.

Nitric oxide (NO) also has a variety of biological activities in the body, it plays the role of signal molecules. Nitric oxide molecules can penetrate the cell wall into the smooth muscle cells, so that relaxation, expansion of blood vessels, lower blood pressure. But also into the platelet cells, reduce its activity, thereby inhibiting its agglutination and adhesion to the vascular endothelium to prevent thrombosis, prevent atherosclerosis. NO is a free radical gas, with an unpaired electron, the body is very unstable, very easy to react with free radicals, which can reduce the number of free radicals. The accumulation of free radicals can cause nucleic acid cleavage, enzyme passivation, polysaccharide depolymerization, and lipid peroxidation eventually leads to neuronal death (Yan et al. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2013, 62: 90-101). NO has a strong ability to react with various free radicals, which can effectively reduce the number of free radicals, but its synthesis in vivo requires the participation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Under normal circumstances, NOS activity is relatively low, the need for nitro-like molecules or saponins substances activated. The introduction of NO-releasing groups on small molecule drugs can increase NO content in the body and have significant efficacy, such as nitroglycerin.

Because of the complex pathogenesis of AD, at present, the clinical treatment of AD is limited, only four acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and an NMDA receptor inhibitor. These drugs for the role of a single target molecules, can only alleviate some aspects of clinical symptoms of AD can not fundamentally cure the disease, blocking the process of neurodegeneration.

PATENT

WO 2015180485

Figure 2 depicts the synthesis of compound NM-004.

Example 3, Synthesis of compound NM-004a

A 50 mL round bottom flask was cooled in an ice-water bath and 20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, 2 mL of n-hexane and 970 mg (4 mmol) of compound NM-003a were added to the round bottom flask. To maintain the ice bath, slowly add formic acid (1.8mL). After dripping, continue the ice bath reaction for 3 hours. The reaction solution was poured into 100 mL of ice water to precipitate a solid. The mixture was allowed to stand and filtered to give a pale yellow solid. After drying in solid, it is dissolved in ethyl acetate and the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is basified to pH to about 9-10. The aqueous layer is separated. The organic layer was extracted with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (30 mL x 3) and the aqueous solution was combined with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to acidify the aqueous layer to a pH of about 3. Filtered and dried to give the pure compound NM-004a 640 mg (77%). ESI-MS: m / z 207 ([MH] ^– ). ¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.76 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.11 (q, 2H, J = 7.5Hz) (M, 2H), 1.47 (s, 2H), 1.51-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.81 (m, 4H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 11.99 (s, 1H).

Example 4, Synthesis of compound NM-004b

To a 50 mL round bottom flask, 624 mg (3 mmol) of compound NM-004a was added and the mixture was cooled in an ice bath. Add 0.55mL concentrated nitric acid, stir well. To the mixture was added 3.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and the reaction was carried out in an ice bath for 1 hour. After which 2.5 mL of acetonitrile (4.8 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction was continued for 1 hour in an ice bath. The reaction solution was poured into 20 mL of ice water and vigorously stirred for 30 minutes and allowed to stand overnight. The precipitate was removed by filtration, and the solid was washed with the appropriate amount of water and dried to obtain the compound NM-004b (580 g, 73%) without further purification. ESI-MS: m / z 266 ([M + H] ⁺ ). ¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.74 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.15 (q, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, 1.26-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.86 (m, 5H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 2H) M, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H).

Example 5, Synthesis of compound NM-004c

The compound NM-004b 878 mg (3.3 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran and cooled in an ice-water bath. 0.5 mL of triethylamine and 0.5 mL of ethyl chloroformate were added to the mixture, followed by an ice bath for 30 minutes. The ice bath was removed and reacted at room temperature for 4 hours. The filtrate was filtered and the filtrate was washed with an appropriate amount of tetrahydrofuran. To the filtrate by adding sodium borohydride 1.5g, dropping funnel slowly dropping 1mL water, 1 hour drop finished. After dripping at room temperature, the reaction was continued for 1 hour. TLC monitoring, the reaction is completed, the reaction system to add water 30mL, dry spin dry tetrahydrofuran. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 4), combined with ethyl acetate, 25 mL of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude oil. Silica gel column (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1), and finally a white solid, NM-004c, 348 mg (42%) was obtained. ESI-MS: m / z 252.2 ([M + H] ⁺ ). ¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.76 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.03-1.20 (m, 4H) 1.28 (m, 4H), 1.58 (m, 4H), 1.75 (m, 5H), 2.09 (s, 1H), 3.02 (d, 2H, J = 5.5 Hz), 4.38 (t, 1H, J = ), 7.33 (s, 1H).

Example 6, Synthesis of compound NM-004d

To a 250 mL round bottom flask was added 1.26 g (5 mmol) of compound NM-004c, 3 g of solid sodium hydroxide, 20 mL of diethylene glycol and refluxed at 170 ° C for 15 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was poured into 40 g of crushed ice and the mixture was stirred. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 4). The combined ethyl acetate layer, 30 mL of water and 30 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution were washed and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated to dryness to give a crude product as a pale yellow oil. The crude product was dissolved in 50 mL of dry ethyl acetate and the resulting dry HCl was passed under stirring to precipitate a large amount of white solid. The solid was washed with an appropriate amount of dry ethyl acetate and dried to give 850 mg (69.4%) of white solid NM-004d. ESI-MS: m / z 210.3 ([M + H] ⁺ ). ¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.74 (t, 3H, J = 7.6 Hz), 1.15 (q, 2H, J = 7.6 Hz, 1.26-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.74-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.96 (m, 2H) M, 1H), 7.43 (s, 3H).

Example 7, Synthesis of compound NM-004e

Take the compound NM-004d 2.45 g, (10 mmol) in 20 mL of water, basify the sodium hydroxide solution to pH 10, and extract with ethyl acetate (30 mL x 4). The combined ethyl acetate was washed with 30 mL of water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 1.57 g (7.5 mmol) of free amine as a colorless oil. (15.6 mmol) of triethamine, 2.55 g (11.7 mmol) of Boc anhydride and 10 mg of DMAP were added to 50 mL of distilled steam in tetrahydrofuran, and the reaction was monitored by TLC at room temperature for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was quenched by adding 30 mL of saturated ammonium chloride solution to the reaction solution. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined ethyl acetate was washed with 30 mL of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and 30 mL of saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude product as a colorless oil. The crude product was separated on a silica gel column (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) and 1.58 g (68%) of the white solid NM-004e was obtained. ESI-MS: m / z 310.3 ([M + H] ⁺ ). ¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.75 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.03-1.19 (m, 4H) 1.24 (m, 4H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.44-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.52-1.73 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 3.02 (d, 2H, J = 5.5 Hz) , 4.38 (t, 1H, J = 5.5 Hz), 6.36 (s, 1H).

Example 8, Synthesis of compound NM-004f

The compound NM-004e (620 mg, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of dry water, dichloromethane and cooled in an ice-water bath. Add acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid mixture (acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid volume ratio equal to 3: 2) 2mL. Ice bath reaction 10-15 minutes. The reaction solution was poured into 10 mL of 1N sodium bicarbonate solution, and the dichloromethane was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL x 3), combined with dichloromethane and washed with 10 mL of water. Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the dichloromethane was distilled off under reduced pressure to give the crude product as a colorless oil. Silica gel column separation (petroleum ether: dichloromethane = 10: 1) was obtained as a colorless oil NM-004 f 505 mg (73.4%). ESI-MS: m / z 377.2 ([M + Na] ⁺ ). ¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.76 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.08-1.23 (m, 4H) 1.26-1.49 (m, 14H), 1.56-1.82 (m, 5H), 2.12 (m, 1H), 4.23 (s, 2H), 6.50 (s, 1H).

Example 9, Synthesis of compound NM-004

To the compound NM-004f710 mg (2 mmol) was added 5 mL of a saturated solution of hydrogen chloride and reacted at room temperature. At the end of the reaction, a white solid precipitates. Filtration, anhydrous ether washing white solid, you can get NM-004 pure. After drying, NM-004380 mg (65.5%) was obtained. ESI-MS: m / z 255.1 ([M + H] ⁺ ). ¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.78 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.15-1.28 (m, 4H) (M, 2H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.71 (s, 2H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 4.30 (s, 2H) S, 3H).

PATENT

CN 105294450

PATENT

CN 106344551

Paper


Synthesis and biological evaluation of memantine nitrates as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases

Med. Chem. Commun., 2017, 8,135-147

DOI: 10.1039/C6MD00509H, Research Article

Zheng Liu, Si Yang, Xiaoyong Jin, Gaoxiao Zhang, Baojian Guo, Haiyun Chen, Pei Yu, Yewei Sun, Zaijun Zhang, Yuqiang Wang
A series of memantine nitrate derivatives, as dual functional compounds with neuroprotective and vasodilatory activity for neurodegenerative diseases, was designed and synthesized

Synthesis and biological evaluation of memantine nitrates as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases

Zheng Liu,^a Si Yang,^a Xiaoyong Jin,^a Gaoxiao Zhang,^a Baojian Guo,^a Haiyun Chen,^a Pei Yu,^a Yewei Sun,*^a Zaijun Zhang*^a and Yuqiang Wang^a

*Corresponding authors

^aInstitute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
E-mail: yxy0723@163.com, zaijunzhang@163.com
Fax: +86 20 8522 4766
Tel: +86 20 8522 5030

Med. Chem. Commun., 2017,8, 135-147

DOI: 10.1039/C6MD00509H

A series of memantine nitrate derivatives, as dual functional compounds with neuroprotective and vasodilatory activity for neurodegenerative diseases, was designed and synthesized. These compounds combined the memantine skeleton and a nitrate moiety, and thus inhibited the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and released NO in the central nervous system. The biological evaluation results revealed that the new memantine nitrates were effective in protecting neurons against glutamate-induced injury in vitro. Moreover, memantine nitrates dilated aortic rings against phenylephrine-induced contraction. The structure–activity relationships of neuroprotection and vasodilation were both analyzed. In further studies, compound MN-05 significantly protected cortical neurons by inhibiting Ca²⁺ influx, reducing free radical production and maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential. Further research on MN-05 is warranted.

1-Amino-3-ethyl-5-nitratemethyladamantane hydrochloride (MN-05).

Compound MN- 05 was synthesized using a similar method to that as described for synthesis of compound MN-01 from compound 16. White solid, 65.5% yield. ESI-MS: m/z 255.1 [M + H]+ .

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 0.75-0.80 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H, CH3), 1.16-1.24 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H, CH2), 1.24-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 2H), 1.45-1.57 (dd, J = 12 Hz, 6 Hz, 2H), 1.57-1.63 (dd, J = 12 Hz, 6 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (s, 2H), 2.23 (m, 1H, CH), 4.30 (s, 2H, CH2O), 8.21 (s, 3H, NH2HCl).

13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.4, 28.6, 34.5, 35.0, 36.8, 40.3, 41.6, 43.9, 52.3, 80.9. Anal. Calcd for C13H23N2O3Cl·0.3 H2O: C, 52.72%; H, 8.03%; N, 9.46%. Found: C, 52.72%; H, 7.92%; N, 9.51%

//////// memantine nitrates , neurodegenerative diseases, MN 05

[O-][N+](=O)OCC12CC3(CC(N)(C1)CC(C2)C3)CC

“ALL FOR DRUGS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This article is a compilation for educational purposes only.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

Deflazacort

February 17, 2017 9:13 am / 3 Comments on Deflazacort

ChemSpider 2D Image | Deflazacort | C25H31NO6

Deflazacort

CAS 14484-47-0

Molecular Formula C₂₅H₃₁NO₆
Average mass 441.517 Da

(11b,16b)-21-(Acetyloxy)-11-hydroxy-2′-methyl-5’H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione

11b,21-Dihydroxy-2′-methyl-5’bH-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione 21-acetate

2-[(4aR,4bS,5S,6aS,6bS,9aR,10aS,10bS)-5-Hydroxy-4a,6a,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,4a,4b,5,6,6a,9a,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-6bH-naphtho[2′,1′:4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]oxazol-6b-yl]-2-oxoethyl acetate

5’βH-Pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione, 11β,21-dihydroxy-2′-methyl-, 21-acetate (8CI)
(11β,16β)-21-(Acetyloxy)-11-hydroxy-2′-methyl-5’H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione
2H-Naphth[2′,1′:4,5]indeno[1,2-d]oxazole, 5’H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione deriv.
Azacort
Azacortinol
Calcort

DL 458IT
Deflan

Optical Rotatory Power

+62.3 °

Conc: 0.5 g/100mL; Solv: chloroform (67-66-3); Wavlength: 589.3 nm

…………..REF, “Drugs – Synonyms and Properties” data were obtained from Ashgate Publishing Co. (US)Hoechst Marion Roussel (now Aventis Pharma) has developed and launched Deflazacort (Dezacor; Flantadin; Lantadin; Calcort) a systemic corticosteroid developed for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions .

In March 1990, the drug was approved in Spain, and by January 2013, the drug had been launched by FAES Farma . By the end of 1999, the product had been launched in Germany, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland and South Korea

Deflazacort is a corticosteroid first launched in 1985 by Guidotti in Europe for the oral treatment of allergic asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis, and skin allergy.

In 2017, an oral formulation developed at Marathon Pharmaceuticals was approved by the FDA for the treatment of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy in patients 5 years of age and older.

Deflazacort (trade name Emflaza or Calcort among others) is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant.

In 2013, orphan drug designation in the U.S. was assigned to the compound for the treatment of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy. In 2015, additional orphan drug designation in the U.S. was assigned for the treatment of pediatric juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) excluding systemic JIA.

Also in 2015, deflazacort was granted fast track and rare pediatric disease designations in the U.S. for the treatment of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy.

Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. It was approved in February, 2017 by the FDA for use in treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (trade name Emflaza).

Aventis Pharma (Originator), Lepetit (Originator), Guidotti (Licensee), Shire Laboratories (Licensee)

February 9, 2017 FDA approved

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Emflaza (deflazacort) tablets and oral suspension to treat patients age 5 years and older with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a rare genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle deterioration and weakness. Emflaza is a corticosteroid that works by decreasing inflammation and reducing the activity of the immune system.

Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat DMD across the world. This is the first FDA approval of any corticosteroid to treat DMD and the first approval of deflazacort for any use in the United States.

Image result for Deflazacort

“This is the first treatment approved for a wide range of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy,” said Billy Dunn, M.D., director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “We hope that this treatment option will benefit many patients with DMD.”

DMD is the most common type of muscular dystrophy. DMD is caused by an absence of dystrophin, a protein that helps keep muscle cells intact. The first symptoms are usually seen between 3 and 5 years of age and worsen over time. The disease often occurs in people without a known family history of the condition and primarily affects boys, but in rare cases it can affect girls. DMD occurs in about one of every 3,600 male infants worldwide.

People with DMD progressively lose the ability to perform activities independently and often require use of a wheelchair by their early teens. As the disease progresses, life-threatening heart and respiratory conditions can occur. Patients typically succumb to the disease in their 20s or 30s; however, disease severity and life expectancy vary.

The effectiveness of deflazacort was shown in a clinical study of 196 male patients who were 5 to 15 years old at the beginning of the trial with documented mutation of the dystrophin gene and onset of weakness before age 5. At week 12, patients taking deflazacort had improvements in a clinical assessment of muscle strength across a number of muscles compared to those taking a placebo. An overall stability in average muscle strength was maintained through the end of study at week 52 in the deflazacort-treated patients. In another trial with 29 male patients that lasted 104 weeks, deflazacort demonstrated a numerical advantage over placebo on an assessment of average muscle strength. In addition, although not statistically controlled for multiple comparisons, patients on deflazacort appeared to lose the ability to walk later than those treated with placebo.

The side effects caused by Emflaza are similar to those experienced with other corticosteroids. The most common side effects include facial puffiness (Cushingoid appearance), weight gain, increased appetite, upper respiratory tract infection, cough, extraordinary daytime urinary frequency (pollakiuria), unwanted hair growth (hirsutism) and excessive fat around the stomach (central obesity).

Other side effects that are less common include problems with endocrine function, increased susceptibility to infection, elevation in blood pressure, risk of gastrointestinal perforation, serious skin rashes, behavioral and mood changes, decrease in the density of the bones and vision problems such as cataracts. Patients receiving immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids should not be given live or live attenuated vaccines.

The sponsor is receiving a rare pediatric disease priority review voucher under a program intended to encourage development of new drugs and biologics for the prevention and treatment of rare pediatric diseases. A voucher can be redeemed by a sponsor at a later date to receive priority review of a subsequent marketing application for a different product. This is the ninth rare pediatric disease priority review voucher issued by the FDA since the program began.

Emflaza is marketed by Marathon Pharmaceuticals of Northbrook, Illinois.

Medical uses

The manufacturer lists the following uses for deflazacort:^[1]

Acute interstitial nephritis
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Bullous pemphigoid
Mixed connective tissue disease (other than systemic sclerosis)
Crohn’s disease
Dermatomyositis
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Juvenile chronic arthritis
Severe hypersensitivity reactions
Immunosuppression in transplantation
Acute and lymphatic leukaemia
Malignant lymphoma
Multiple myeloma
Rheumatoid arthritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Nephrotic syndrome
Pemphigus
Polyarteritis nodosa
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Sarcoidosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Ulcerative colitis

In the United States, deflazacort is only FDA-approved for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in people over the age of 5.

Image result for Deflazacort

Adverse effects

Deflazacort carries the risks common to all corticosteroids, including immune suppression, decreased bone density, and endocrine insufficiency. In clinical trials, the most common side effects (>10% above placebo) were Cushing’s-like appearance, weight gain, and increased appetite.^[2]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Further information: Glucocorticoid § Mechanism of action

Deflazacort is an inactive prodrug which is metabolized rapidly to the active drug 21-desacetyldeflazacort.^[3]

Relative potency

Deflazacort’s potency is around 70–90% that of prednisone.^[4] A 2017 review found its activity of 7.5 mg of deflazacort is approximately equivalent to 25 mg cortisone, 20 mg hydrocortisone, 5 mg of prednisolone or prednisone, 4 mg of methylprednisolone or triamcinolone, or 0.75 mg of betamethasone or dexamethasone. The review noted that the drug has a high therapeutic index, being used at initial oral doses ranging from 6 to 90 mg, and probably requires a 50% higher dose to induce the same demineralizing effect as prednisolone. Thus it has “a smaller impact on calcium metabolism than any other synthetic corticosteroid, and therefore shows a lower risk of growth rate retardation in children and of osteoporosis” in the elderly, and comparatively small effects on carbohydrate metabolism, sodium retention, and hypokalemia.^[5]

History

In January 2015, the FDA granted fast track status to Marathon Pharmaceuticals to pursue approval of deflazacort as a potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a rare, “progressive and fatal disease” that affects boys.^[6] Although deflazacort was approved by the FDA for use in treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on February 9, 2017,^[7]^[8] Marathon CEO announced on February 13, 2017 that the launch of deflazacort (Emflaza) would be delayed amidst controversy over the steep price Marathon was asking for the drug – $89,000-a-year. In Canada the same drug can be purchased for around $1 per tablet.^[9] Marathon has said that Emflaza is estimated to cost $89,000/year which is “roughly 70 times” more than it would cost overseas.^[10] Deflazacort is sold in the United Kingdom under the trade name Calcort;^[4] in Brazil as Cortax, Decortil, and Deflanil; in India as Moaid, Zenflav, Defolet, DFZ, Decotaz, and DefZot; in Bangladesh as Xalcort; in Panama as Zamen; Spain as Zamene; and in Honduras as Flezacor.^[11]

SYNTHESIS

Worlddrugtracker drew this

1 Protection of the keto groups in pregna-1,4-diene derivative with NH2NHCOOMe using HCOOH, yields the corresponding methyl ester.

2 Cleavage of epoxide with NH3 in DMAc/DMF gives amino-alcohol,

3 which on esterification with acetic anhydride in the presence of AcOH furnishes acetate.

4 Cyclization of amine using NaOH, Na2CO3 or K2CO3 produces oxazoline derivative ,

5 which is finally deprotected with HCl to afford Deflazacort

SYNTHESIS FROM CHEMDRUG

The cyclization of 17alpha-azido-3beta,16alpha-acetoxy-5alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione (I) by hydrogenation with H2 over Pt in methanol, followed by a treatment with 10% HCl gives 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (II), which is converted into the semicarbazone (III) by treatment with semicarbazide hydrochloride (A) and pyridine in refluxing methanol. The reduction of one ketonic group of (III) with NaBH4 in refluxing ethanol yields the dihydroxy-semicarbazone (IV), which is hydrolyzed with 10% HCl in refluxing methanol to afford the ketodiol (V). The oxidation of (V) with cyclohexanone and aluminum isopropoxide in refluxing toluene gives 11beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (VI). The dehydrogenation of (VI) by treatment with Br2 in dioxane-acetic acid, followed by treatment with Li2CO3 in DMF at 140 C yields the corresponding 1,4-diene derivative (VII). Finally, the reaction of (VII) with I2 by means of azobisisobutyronitrile in CH2Cl2 affords the corresponding 21-iodo compound, which is then acetylated with triethylammonium acetate in refluxing acetone.

The monoacetylation of (V) with acetic anhydride and pyridine at 100 C gives the 3-acetoxy-11-hydroxy compound (IX), which is dehydrated by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and then with sodium acetate yielding 3beta-acetoxy-5alpha-pregn-9(11)-ene-20-one-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (X). The hydrolysis of (X) with KOH in refluxing methanol affords the corresponding hydroxy compound (XI), which is acetoxylated by treatment with I2 and AZBN as before giving the iodo derivative (XII), and then with triethylammonium acetate also as before, yielding 3beta-hydroxy-21-acetoxy-5alpha-pregn-9(11)-ene-20-one-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (XIII). The oxidation of (XIII) with CrO3 in acetone yields the 3,20-diketone (XIV), which by treatment with Br2 and Li2CO3 as before is dehydrogenated affording the 1,4,9(11)-pregnatriene (XV). Finally, the reaction of (XV) with N-bromoacetamide in THF yields 9alpha-bromo-11beta-hydroxy-21-acetoxy-5alpha-pregna-1,4-dieno-3,20-dione-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (XVI), which is then debrominated by reaction with chromous acetate and butanethiol in DMSO.

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1967), 10(5), 799-802

Steroids Possessing Nitrogen Atoms. III. Synthesis of New Highly Active Corticoids. [17α,16α,-d]Oxazolino Steroids

Giangiacomo. Nathansohn, Giorgio. Winters, Emilio. Testa

J. Med. Chem., 1967, 10 (5), pp 799–802

DOI: 10.1021/jm00317a009

PATENT

CN 105622713

PATENT CN 106008660

MACHINE TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE may seem funny

Description of the drawings

[0007] Figure 1 is a map of the traditional method of the combination process;

Figure 2 is a two-step method of the present invention.

detailed description

[0008] In order to more easily illustrate the gist and spirit of the present invention, the following examples illustrate:

Example 1

A: Preparation of hydroxylamine

In a 100 ml three-necked flask, 20 g of 16 (17) a-epoxy prednisolone, 30 ml of DMF, 300 ml of chloroform was added and incubated at 30-35 ° C with 8 g of ammonia gas at 1-2 atmospheres Reaction 16 ~ 20 hours, TLC detection reaction end point, after the reaction, the vacuum exhaust ammonia gas, add 3x100ml saturated brine washing 3 times, plus 10ml pure water washing times, then, under reduced pressure to chloroform to dry, add 200ml Ethyl acetate, Ig activated carbon, stirring reflux 60-90 minutes, cooling to 50-55 degrees, hot filter, l-2ml ethyl acetate washing carbon, combined filtrate and lotion, and then below 500C concentrated under pressure 95 % Of ethyl acetate, the system cooled to -5-0 ° C, stirring crystallization 2 ~ 3 hours, filter, 0.5-lml ethyl acetate washing, lotion and filtrate combined sets of approved; filter cake below 70 ° C Drying, get hydroxylamine 18.2g, HPLC content of 99.2%, weight loss of 91%.

[0009] B: Preparation of terracavir

Add 10 g of hydroxylamine, 150 ml of glacial acetic acid and 150 ml of acetic anhydride in a 100 ml three-necked flask. Add 5 g of concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring at room temperature. The reaction was carried out at 30-35 ° C for 12-16 hours. TLC confirmed the end of the reaction. Add 500ml of pure water, and adjust the pH of 7.5.5 with liquid alkali, cool to 10 ~ 15 ° C, stirring crystallization 2-3 hours, filtration, washing to neutral, combined filtrate and lotion, pretreated into Waste water treatment tank, filter cake below 70 V drying, Texaco can be special crude 112.5g, HPLC content of 98.2%, the yield of 112.5% ο the above terracotta crude dissolved in 800ml of alcohol, add 5g activated carbon, Decolorization 1-1.5 hours, hot filter, 10ml alcohol detergent cake, lotion and filtrate combined, atmospheric pressure recovery of about 90% of the alcohol, and then cooled to -5-0 ° C, frozen crystal 2-3 hours, Filtration, filter cake with 4-5ml alcohol washing, 70 ° C below drying, digoxin special product 89.2g, melting point 255.5-256.0 degrees, HPLC content of 99.7%, yield 89.2%. The mother liquor is recycled with solvent and crude.

[0010] Example II

A: Preparation of hydroxylamine

In a 100 ml three-necked flask, 20 g of 16 (17) a-epoxy prednisolone, 120 ml of toluene was added and incubated at 30-35 ° C with 8 g of ammonia and 16 to 20 at atmospheric pressure The reaction was carried out in the presence of 3 x 50 ml of saturated brine and 50 ml of pure water was added. Then, the toluene was dried under reduced pressure to dryness, and 200 ml of ethyl acetate, Ig activated carbon was added, and the mixture was stirred. Reflux 60-90 minutes, cool to 50-55 ° C, hot filter, l2ml ethyl acetate wash carbon, combined filtrate and lotion, and then below 500C under reduced pressure 95% ethyl acetate, the system cooling To 5-0C, stirring crystallization 2 ~ 3 hours, filter, 0.5-lml ethyl acetate washing, lotion and filtrate combined sets of the next batch; filter cake 70 ° C below drying, hydroxylamine 18.0g, HPLC content 99.1%, 90% by weight.

[0011] B: Preparation of terracavir

Add 10 g of hydroxylamine, 500 ml of chloroform and 150 ml of acetic anhydride in a 100 ml three-necked flask, add 5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid under stirring at room temperature, and incubate at 30-35 ° C for 12-16 hours. TLC confirms the reaction end, After the addition of 500ml of pure water, and with the liquid alkali pH 7.55, down to 10 ~ 15 ° C, stirring 0.5_1 hours, separate the water layer, washed to neutral, combined with water and lotion, pretreated into Waste water treatment tank, organic layer under reduced pressure concentrated chloroform to near dry, adding 200ml hexane, reflux 0.5-1 hours, slowly cooling to -5 ~ O0C, stirring crystallization 2-3 hours, filter, filter cake with 4-5ml Alcohol washing, the filtrate and lotion combined apply to the next batch, the filter cake below 70 ° C drying, Texaco can crude 110.5g, HPLC content of 98.4%, the yield of 110.5%. The above-mentioned diltiazem crude product dissolved in 800ml alcohol, add 5g activated carbon, temperature reflux bleaching 1-1.5 hours, hot filter, 10ml alcohol washing cake, lotion and filtrate combined, atmospheric pressure recovery of about 90% of the alcohol And then cooled to -500C, frozen crystallization for 2-3 hours, filtration, filter cake with 4-5ml alcohol washing, 70 ° C the following drying, digester can special products 88.6g, melting point 255.0-256.0 degrees, HPLC content of 99.5%, the yield of 88.6%. The mother liquor is recycled with solvent and crude.

[0012] Example 3

A: Preparation of hydroxylamine

Add 20 g of 16 (17) a-epoxy prednisolone to 120 ml of ethanol in a 100 ml three-necked flask and incubate at 30-35 ° C with stirring to give Sg ammonia at 16 to 20 hours , TLC test reaction end point, after the reaction, vacuum exhaust ammonia gas, concentrated ethanol to the near dry, cooling, adding 300ml chloroform, stirring dissolved residue, and then add 3x100ml saturated brine washing, plus 10ml pure water washing, washing And then concentrated to reduce the chloroform to dry, add 200ml of ethyl acetate, Ig activated carbon, stirring reflux 60-90 minutes, cooling to 50-55 ° C, hot filter, l2ml ethyl acetate washing carbon, combined filtrate and lotion And then concentrated below 50 ° C to 95% ethyl acetate under reduced pressure. The system was cooled to -5-0 0C, stirred for 2 to 3 hours, filtered, 0.5-l of ethyl acetate, washed and filtrate The filter cake was dried at 70 ° C, 18.6 g of hydroxylamine, 99.5% of HPLC, and 93% by weight.

[0013] B: Preparation of terracavir

In a 100ml three-necked flask, add 10g of hydroxylamine, 500ml toluene, 150ml acetic anhydride, stirring at room temperature by adding 5g concentrated sulfuric acid, insulation at 30-35 degrees stirring reaction 12-16 hours, TLC confirmed the end of the reaction, after the reaction, Add 500ml of pure water, and liquid pH adjustment pH 7.5, cooling to 1 ~ 15 ° C, stirring 0.5-1 hours, the water layer, washed to neutral, combined with water and lotion, pretreated into the wastewater The cells were dried and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 200 ml of hexane was added and refluxed

0.5-1 hours, slowly cool to -5 ~ O0C, stirring crystallization 2-3 hours, filtration, filter cake with 4-5ml hexane, the filtrate and lotion combined apply to the next batch, filter cake below 70 ° C Drying, digoxin crude 112.5g, HPLC content of 97.4%, the yield of 112,5% ο will be the above terracotta crude dissolved in 800ml of alcohol, add 5g activated carbon, heating reflux bleaching 1-1.5 hours, while Hot filter, 10ml alcohol detergent cake, lotion and filtrate combined, atmospheric pressure recovery of about 90% of the alcohol, and then cooled to -500C, frozen crystallization for 2-3 hours, filter, filter cake with 4-5ml alcohol Washing, 70 ° C below the dry, Diges can special products 86.2g, melting point 255.5-256.0 degrees, HPLC content of 99.8%, the yield of 86.2%. The mother liquor is recycled with solvent and crude.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/CN101418032A?cl=en

Example 1

21- bromo -ll (3- hydroxy – pregna–l, 4- diene -3, 20-dione [170, 16o-d] -2′- methyl-oxazoline (4) Preparation:

A dry fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, magnetically stirred flask was added 250mL three compound (2) (19.17 g; Fw: 383.48; 50 mmol), N- bromosuccinimide (9.79 g; Fw: 178.00; 55 mmol), 150 ml of ether; then ammonium acetate (0.39 g; Fw: 77.08; 0.005 mmol) added to the system. System continues to stir at 20 ° C 0.5 h, the reaction is complete. After completion of the reaction was filtered to remove the white precipitate cake was washed with 50 mL of dichloromethane, and the combined organic Xiangde pale yellow clear liquid, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a pale yellow solid 21.27 g, yield: 92%, HPLC content of greater than 95%.

Example 2

21- bromo -lip- hydroxy – pregna–l, 4- diene -3, 20-dione [17 “16o-d] -2′- methyl-oxazoline (4) Preparation:

A dry fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, magnetically stirred flask were added sequentially 250mL three compound (2) (19.17 g; Fw: 383.48; 50 mmol), N- bromosuccinimide (9.79 g; Fw : 178.00; 55 mmol), 150 ml of toluene; then ammonium acetate (0.39 g; Fw: 77.08; 0.005 mmol) added to the system. System continues to stir at 110 ° C 5 h, the reaction is complete. After completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature, the white precipitate was removed by filtration cake was washed with 50 mL of dichloromethane, and the combined organic Xiangde pale yellow clear liquid, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to give a pale yellow solid 19.65 g, yield: 85%, HPLC content greater than 95%.

Example 3

21 Jie bromo -11 – hydroxy – pregna-1,4-diene -3, 20-dione [17a, 16o-d] -2′- methyl-oxazoline (4) Preparation:

A dry fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, magnetically stirred flask were added sequentially 250mL three compound (2) (19.17 g; Fw: 383.48; 50 mmol), 1,3- dibromo-5,5-dimethyl- Hein (35.74 g; Fw: 285.94; 125 mmol), 150 ml of ether; then ammonium acetate (0.39 g; Fw: 77.08; 0.005 mmol) added to the system. System Stirring was continued at reflux for 3 h, the reaction was completed. After completion of the reaction a white precipitate was removed by filtration and the cake was washed with 50 mL of diethyl ether, and the combined organic Xiangde pale yellow clear liquid, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to give a pale yellow solid 16.18 g, yield: 70%, HPLC content greater than 92%.

Example 4

21- bromo -11 Jie – hydroxy – pregna-1,4-diene -3, 20- dione [17c, 16o-d] -2′- methyl-oxazoline (4) Preparation:

A dry fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, magnetically stirred flask were added sequentially 250mL three compound (2) (19.17 g; Fw: 383.48; 50 mmol), 1,3- dibromo-5,5-dimethyl- Hein (35.74 g; Fw: 285.94; 125 mmol), 150 ml dichloromethane; followed by ammonium acetate (0.039 g; Fw: 77.08; 0.0005 mmol) added to the system. System Stirring was continued at reflux for 24 h, the reaction was completed. After completion of the reaction a white precipitate was removed by filtration and the cake was washed with 50 mL of diethyl ether, and the combined organic Xiangde pale yellow clear liquid, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to give a pale yellow solid 16.41 g, yield: 71%, HPLC content of greater than 92. / 0.

Example 5

Deflazacort Preparation:

Then tetrabutylammonium bromide (O. 81g; Fw: 322.38; 2.5 mmol). Warmed to 50 ° C with stirring

48 h. Until after the completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, temperature of the system was cooled to room temperature, the system was supplemented with chloroform 50mL, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with small amount of chloroform and then to confirm that no product was dissolved, and the combined organic phases, the organic phase washed with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate paint 3 times, saturated sodium chloride once. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the inorganic salt was removed to give a pale yellow liquid, was concentrated to dryness, purified ethyl acetate to give the product 9.93g, yield 90%, HPLC content> 990/0.

Example 6

Deflazacort Preparation –

In a nitrogen-filled dry fitted with a thermometer, magnetic stirring and a reflux condenser 100 mL three-necked flask was charged with Compound (4) (11.56 g; Fw: 462.38; 25 mmol), followed by addition of anhydrous potassium acetate (3.68g; Fw: 98.14; 37.5 mmol), 50 mL acetone was added to the system. Followed by tetrabutylammonium iodide (0.10g; Fw: 369.37; 0.25 mmol). Heated to reflux with stirring 2h. Until after the completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, temperature of the system was cooled to room temperature, the system was supplemented with chloroform 50mL, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with small amount of chloroform and then to confirm that no product was dissolved, and the combined organic phases, the organic phase was washed 3 times with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate , washed once with saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the inorganic salt was removed to give a pale yellow liquid, was concentrated to dryness, ethyl acetate was purified to give the product 10.93 g, yield 99%, HPLC content> 99%.

Example 7

Deflazacort Preparation:

In a nitrogen-filled dry fitted with a thermometer, magnetic stirring and a reflux condenser 100 mL three-necked flask was charged with Compound (4) (11.56 g; Fw: 462.38; 25 mmol), followed by addition of anhydrous potassium acetate (3.68g; Fw: 98.14; 37.5 mmol), 50 mL acetonitrile was added to the system. Followed by tetrabutylammonium iodide (0.10g; Fw: 369.37; 0.25 mmol). Heated to reflux with stirring 2h. Until after the completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, temperature of the system was cooled to room temperature, the system was supplemented with chloroform 50mL, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with small amount of chloroform and then to confirm that no product was dissolved, and the combined organic phases, the organic phase was washed 3 times with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate , washed once with saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the inorganic salt was removed to give a pale yellow liquid, was concentrated to dryness, ethyl acetate was purified to give the product 10.93 g, yield 99%, HPLC content> 99%.

Example 8

Deflazacort Preparation:

In a nitrogen-filled dry fitted with a thermometer, magnetic stirring and a reflux condenser 100 mL three-necked flask was charged with Compound (4) (11.56 g; Fw: 462.38; 25 mmol), followed by addition of anhydrous potassium acetate (2.45g; Fw: 98.14; 25 mmol), the N, N- dimethylformamide, 50 mL added to the system. Followed by tetrabutylammonium iodide (O.IO g; Fw: 369.37; 0.25 mmol). Warmed to 120. C stirring 2h. Until after the completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, temperature of the system was cooled to room temperature, the system was supplemented with chloroform 50mL, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with small amount of chloroform and then to confirm that no product was dissolved, and the combined organic phases, the organic phase was washed 3 times with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate , washed once with saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the inorganic salt was removed to give a pale yellow liquid, was concentrated to dryness, ethyl acetate was purified to give the product 10.93 g, yield 99%, HPLC content> 99o / q.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO1997021722A1?cl=zh

compound (llβ,16β)-21-(acetyloxy)-11- hydroxy-2 ‘ -methyl-5 ‘H-pregna-1, -dieno[17 , 16-d Joxazole- 3,20-dione, also known, and hereinafter referred to, with the INN (International Nonproprietary Name) deflazacort. Deflazacort is represented by the following formula I

Deflazacort is employed in therapy aince some years as a calcium-sparing corticoid agent. This compound belongs to the more general class of pregneno-oxazolines, for which anti-inflammatory, glucocorticoid and hormone-like pharmacological activities are reported. Examples of compounds of the above class, comprising deflazacort, are disclosed in US 3413286, where deflazacort is referred to as llβ-21-dihydroxy-2 ‘ -methyl-5 ‘ βH-pregna-1,4-dieno.17 , 16- d]oxazole-3,20-dione 21-acetate.

According to the process disclosed by US 3413286, deflazacort is obtained from 5-pregnane-3β-ol-ll , 20- dione-2 ‘-methyloxazoline by 2 , -dibromination with Br₂– dioxane, heating the product in the presence of LiBr- iC0₃ for obtaining the 1,4-diene, and converting this latter into the 21-iodo and then into the desired 21- acetyloxy compound. By hydrolysis of deflazacort, the llβ-21-dihydroxy-2 ‘ -methyl-5 ‘βH-pregna-1, -dieno[ 17 , 16- d-]oxazoline-3, 20-dione of formula II is obtained:

The compound of formula II is preferably obtained according to a fermentation process disclosed in

EP-B-322630; in said patent, the compound of formula II is referred to as llβ-21-dihydroxy-2 ‘-methyl-5 ‘ βH- pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d-]oxazoline-3,20-dione.

The present invention provides a new advantageous single-step process for obtaining deflazacort, by acetylation of the compound of formula II.

CLIP

tructure of deflazacort and its forced degradation product (A), chromatogram plot of standard deflazacort (B), contour plot of deflazacort (C). Deflazacort was found to be a stable drug under stress condition such as thermal, neutral and oxidative condition. However, the forceddegradation study on deflazacort showed that the drug degraded under alkaline, acid and photolytic conditions.

Mass fragmentation pathway for degradant product of deflazacort.

PATENT

CN 103059096

Example 1: Protective reaction To the reaction flask was added 20 g of 1,4-diene-11? -hydroxy-16,17-epoxy_3,20-dione pregnone (Formula I) 20% of the aqueous solution of glacial acetic acid 300g, stirring 5 minutes, temperature 10 ° C ~ 15 ° C, adding ethyl carbazate 14g, temperature control 30 ° C reaction 6 hours; TLC detection reaction is complete, cooling to 0 ° C ~ 5 ° C for 2 hours, until dry, washed to neutral; 60 ° C vacuum dry to dry creatures 20. 5g; on P, oxazoline ring reaction The above protective products into the reaction bottle, add 41ml Of the DMAC dissolved, temperature 25 ~ 30 ° C, access to ammonia, to keep the reaction bottle micro-positive pressure, the reaction of 32 hours, atmospheric pressure exhaust ammonia and then decompression pumping ammonia for 30 minutes; 5 ° C, temperature 5 ~ 0 ° C by adding 5ml glacial acetic acid, then add 21ml acetic anhydride, heated to 35 ° C reaction 4 hours, the sample to confirm the reaction completely; slowly add 5% sodium hydroxide solution 610ml and heated to 60 ~ 70 ° C reaction 2 hours; point plate to confirm the end of the reaction, cooling to 50 ° C, half an hour by adding refined concentrated hydrochloric acid 40ml, insulation 50 ~ 55 ° C reaction 10 hours; to the end of the reaction temperature to room temperature, chloroform Extraction, drying and filtration, concentration of at least a small amount of solvent, ethyl acetate entrained twice, leaving a small amount of solvent, frozen crystallization filter high purity [17a, 16a-d] terfu Kete intermediate. Example 2: Protective reaction 20 g of 1,4-diene-l1-la-hydroxy-16,17-epoxy_3,20_dione progestin (Formula I) was added to the reaction flask and 15% Formic acid solution 300g, stirring for 5 minutes, temperature 10 ~ 15 ° C, adding methyl carbazate 12g, temperature control 30 ° C reaction 5 hours to test the end of the reaction, cooling to O ~ 5 ° C stirring 2 hours crystallization, Suction to dry, washed to neutral; 60 ° C vacuum drying to dry protection of 20g; on P, oxazoline ring reaction The protection of the reaction into the reaction flask, add 30ml of DMF dissolved, temperature control 25 ~ 30 ° C, access to ammonia, keep the reaction bottle in the micro-positive pressure, reaction 30 hours, atmospheric pressure exhaust ammonia and then decompression pumping ammonia for 30 minutes, ice water cooled to 5 ° C, temperature 5 ~ 10 ° C add 5ml of glacial acetic acid, then add 20ml acetic anhydride, heated to 30 ° C reaction for 5 hours to confirm the reaction is complete; slowly add 20% sodium carbonate aqueous solution 500ml and heated to 60 ~ 70 ° C reaction 4 hours, the point plate to confirm the reaction The temperature of 55 ~ 60 ° C for 10 hours; to be the end of the reaction temperature to room temperature, chloroform extraction, drying and filtration, concentration of a small amount of solvent, acetic acid isopropyl The ester was entrained twice, leaving a small amount of solvent, frozen and crystallized to obtain high purity [17a, 16a-d] oxazoline residues. [0024] Example 3: Protective reaction 20 g of I, 4-diene-16,17-epoxy-3,11,20-triketone pregnone (Formula I) was added to the reaction flask and 20% Formic acid solution 300g, stirring for 5 minutes, temperature 10 ~ 15 ° C, adding hydrazine carbamate 15g, temperature control 30 ° C reaction 5 hours to test the end of the reaction, cooling to O ~ 5 ° C stirring 2 hours crystallization, To the dry, washed to neutral; 60 ° C vacuum drying to dry protection of 22g; on P, oxazoline ring reaction of the protection of the reaction into the bottle, add 30ml of DMAC dissolved temperature control 35 ~ 40 ° C, access to ammonia, keep the reaction bottle in the micro-positive pressure, reaction 40 hours, atmospheric pressure exhaust ammonia and then decompression pumping ammonia for 30 minutes, ice water cooling to 5 ° C, temperature 5 ~ 10 ° C add 5ml of glacial acetic acid, then add 20ml acetic anhydride, heated to 40 ° C reaction 5 hours to confirm the reaction is complete; slowly add 20% potassium carbonate aqueous solution 500ml and heated to 60 ~ 70 ° C reaction 7 hours, the point plate to confirm the reaction The temperature of the reaction to the end of the temperature to room temperature, chloroform extraction, drying filter, concentrated to a small amount of solvent, acetic acid isopropyl The ester was entrained twice, leaving a small amount of solvent, frozen and crystallized to obtain high purity [17a, 16a-d] oxazoline residues.

PATENT

CN 102936274

xample 1

[0028] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 15 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10-15 ° C), 30 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give product 30.6 g, 102% mass yield, product by HPLC , a purity of 95.2%.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mL of pyridine were mixed, added pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0. 15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 15 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give product 28.6 g, yield 95% by mass, product by HPLC , a purity of 94.8%.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction.Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 31.2 g, yield 104% quality products by HPLC , a purity of 95.4%.

[0033] Example 4

[0034] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.5 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 31. I g, 102% mass yield, product by by HPLC, the purity was 95.2%.

[0035] Example 5

[0036] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 60 mL of acetic acid, 15 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 29. 5 g, yield 98% by mass, the product of by HPLC, purity of 95%.

[0037] Example 6

[0038] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. The reaction was complete, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask until the material temperature drops below 10 ° C, plus acetic acid to adjust the pH to 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; the reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of maleic dianhydride, the reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 30 g, 100% mass yield, product by HPLC purity of 95.2%.

[0039] Example 7

[0040] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of propionic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 27.6 g, 92% yield of quality products by HPLC , a purity of 93.5%.

[0041] Example 8

[0042] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature is controlled at 50 ° C, the reaction for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 29.8 g, 99% yield of quality products by HPLC , a purity of 94.8%.

References

Jump up^ “Refla: deflazacort” (PDF).
Jump up^http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208684s000,208685s000lbl.pdf
Jump up^ Möllmann, H; Hochhaus, G; Rohatagi, S; Barth, J; Derendorf, H (1995). “Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of deflazacort in comparison to methylprednisolone and prednisolone”. Pharmaceutical Research. 12 (7): 1096–100. PMID 7494809.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Calcort”. electronic Medicines Compendium. June 11, 2008. Retrieved on October 28, 2008.
Jump up^ Luca Parente (2017). “Deflazacort: therapeutic index, relative potency and equivalent doses versus other corticosteroids”. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0111-8.
Jump up^ Ellen Jean Hirst (January 19, 2015), Duchenne muscular dystrophy drug could get OK for U.S. sales in 2016, The Chicago Tribune, retrieved February 13, 2017,has been shown to prolong lives … a progressive and fatal disease that has no drug treatment available in the US
Jump up^ “FDA approves drug to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy”. http://www.fda.gov. 2017-02-09. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
Jump up^ “Marathon Pharmaceuticals to Charge $89,000 for Muscular Dystrophy Drug”. http://www.wsj.com. 2017-02-10. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
Jump up^ Clifton Sy Mukherjee (February 10, 2017). “Brainstorm Health Daily”. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
Jump up^ Joseph Walker and Susan Pulliam (February 13, 2017), Marathon Pharmaceuticals to Charge $89,000 for Muscular Dystrophy Drug After 70-Fold Increase, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved February 13, 2017,FDA-approved deflazacort treats rare type of disease affecting boys
Jump up^ “Substâncias: DEFLAZACORT” (in Portuguese). Centralx. 2008. Retrieved on October 28, 2008.

Deflazacort
Clinical data

Trade names	Emflaza, Calcort, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of administration	By mouth
ATC code	H02AB13 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	40%
Metabolism	By plasma esterases, to active metabolite
Biological half-life	1.1–1.9 hours (metabolite)
Excretion	Renal (70%) and fecal (30%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	14484-47-0
PubChem CID	26709
DrugBank	DB11921
ChemSpider	164861
UNII	KR5YZ6AE4B
KEGG	D03671
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201891
ECHA InfoCard	100.034.969
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₅H₃₁NO₆
Molar mass	441.517 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image

CN102746358A *	Apr 22, 2011	Oct 24, 2012	天津金耀集团有限公司	Novel technology for synthesis of pregnane 21-bit bromide
CN102746358B *	Apr 22, 2011	Feb 10, 2016	天津金耀集团有限公司	一种合成孕甾21位溴化物的工艺
CN102936274A *	Nov 12, 2012	Feb 20, 2013	浙江仙居君业药业有限公司	Preparation method for [17alpha, 16alpha-d] methyl oxazoline
CN102936274B *	Nov 12, 2012	Apr 1, 2015	江西君业生物制药有限公司	Preparation method for [17alpha, 16alpha-d] methyl oxazoline

///////FDA 2017, Emflaza, Calcort, Deflazacort, orphan drug designation, FAST TRACK

[H][C@@]12C[C@@]3([H])[C@]4([H])CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@]5(C)[C@@]4([H])[C@@]([H])(O)C[C@]3(C)[C@@]1(N=C(C)O2)C(=O)COC(C)=O

Award for me, 100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders Global listing

February 14, 2017 2:12 pm / 1 Comment on Award for me, 100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders Global listing

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At award function for my award “100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders Global listing”, conferred on me at Taj lands end, Mumbai, India on 14 Feb 2014 by World Health Wellness congress and awards

Lorlatinib, лорлатиниб , لورلاتينيب , 洛拉替尼 , PF-6463922

February 13, 2017 10:43 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | lorlatinib | C21H19FN6O2

Lorlatinib, PF-6463922

For Cancer; Non-small-cell lung cancer

Molecular Formula C₂₁H₁₉FN₆O₂
Average mass 406.413 Da

Phase 2

WO 2013132376

Andrew James Jensen, Suman Luthra, Paul Francis RICHARDSON
Applicant	Pfizer Inc.

(10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-4,8- methenopyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile

(16R)-19-Amino-13-fluoro-4,8,16-trimethyl-9-oxo-17-oxa-4,5,8,20-tetraazatetracyclo[16.3.1.0^2,6.0^10,15]docosa-1(22),2,5,10,12,14,18,20-octaene-3-carbonitrile

(10R)-7-Amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile

CAS 1454846-35-5 [RN]

UNII:OSP71S83EU

лорлатиниб [Russian]

لورلاتينيب [Arabic]

洛拉替尼 [Chinese]

Ros1 tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor; Anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor inhibitor

useful for treating cancer mediated by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) receptor tyrosine kinase, particularly NSCLC. an ATP-competitive inhibitor of ROS1/ALK, for treating NSCLC. In February 2017, lorlatinib was reported to be in phase 2 clinical development.

Originator Pfizer
Developer Pfizer; The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; Yale University
Class Antineoplastics; Aza compounds; Benzoxazines; Pyrazoles; Pyrazolones; Small molecules
Mechanism of Action Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors; ROS1-protein-inhibitors

Orphan Drug Status Yes – Non-small cell lung cancer

Lorlatinib (PF-6463922) is an experimental anti-neoplastic drug in development by Pfizer. It is a orally-administered small molecule inhibitor of ROS1 and ALK.

In 2015, FDA granted Pfizer orphan drug status for lorlatinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.^[1]

05 Oct 2016 Massachusetts General Hospital plans a phase II trial for Non-small cell lung cancer (Late-stage disease, Metastatic disease) in USA (PO, unspecified formulation) (NCT02927340)
01 Oct 2016 Pfizer completes a phase I trial in pharmacokinetic trial in Healthy volunteers in USA (NCT02804399)
01 Aug 2016 Pfizer initiates a phase I drug-drug interaction trial in Healthy volunteers in Belgium (PO, unspecified formulation) (NCT02838264)

Structures of ALK inhibitors marketed or currently in the clinic

Synthesis

NEED COLOUR

Clinical studies

Several clinical trials are ongoing. A phase II trial comparing avelumab alone and in combination with lorlatinib or crizotinib for non-small cell lung cancer is expected to be complete in late 2017. A phase II trial comparing lorlatinib with crizotinib is expected to be complete in mid-2018.^[2] A phase II trial for treatment of ALK-positive or ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer with CNA metastases is not expected to be complete until 2023.^[3] Preclinical studies are investigating lorlatinib for treatment of neuroblastoma.

Lorlatinib is an investigational medicine that inhibits the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and ROS1 proto-oncogene. Due to tumor complexity and development of resistance to treatment, disease progression is a challenge in patients with ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A common site for progression in metastatic NSCLC is the brain. Lorlatinib was specifically designed to inhibit tumor mutations that drive resistance to other ALK inhibitors and to penetrate the blood brain barrier.

ABOUT LORLATINIB

ALK in NSCLC ROS1 in NSCLC PRECLINICAL DATA CLINICAL STUDIES Originally discovered as an oncogenic driver in a type of lymphoma, ALK gene alterations were also found to be among key drivers of tumor development in cancers, such as NSCLC.1 In ALK-positive lung cancer, a normally inactive gene called ALK is fused with another gene. This genetic alteration creates the ALK fusion gene and ultimately, the production of an ALK fusion protein, which is responsible for tumor growth.1,2 This genetic alteration is present in 3-5% of NSCLC patients.3,4,5 Another gene that can fuse with other genes is called ROS1. Sometimes a ROS1 fusion protein can contribute to cancer-cell growth and tumor survival. This genetic alteration is present in approximately 1% of NSCLC patients.5 Preclinical data showed lorlatinib is capable of overcoming resistance to existing ALK inhibitors and penetrated the blood brain barrier in ALK-driven tumor models.2 Specifically, in these preclinical models, lorlatinib had activity against all tested clinical resistance mutations in ALK.

A Phase 1/2 clinical trial of lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive or ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC is currently ongoing. • The primary objective of the Phase 1 portion was to assess safety and tolerability of single-agent lorlatinib at increasing dose levels in patients with ALK-positive or ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC.6 • Data from the Phase 1 study showed that lorlatinib had promising clinical activity in patients with ALK-positive or ROS1- positive advanced NSCLC. Most of these patients had developed CNS metastases and had received ≥1 prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor.7 o The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were hypercholesterolemia (69%) and peripheral edema (37%). Hypercholesterolemia was the most common (11%) grade 3 or higher treatment-related AE and the most frequent reason for dose delay or reduction. No patients discontinued due to treatment-related AEs. At the recommended Phase 2 dose, 4 out of 17 patients (24%) experienced a treatment-related AE of any grade that led to a dose delay or hold.

PATENT

WO2014207606

This invention relates to crystalline forms of the macrocyclic kinase inhibitor, (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2, 10,16-trimethyl-15-OXO-10,15, 16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4, 3-?][2,5,1 1 ]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile, including crystalline solvates thereof, that may be useful in the treatment of abnormal cell growth, such as cancer, in mammals. The invention also relates to compositions including such crystalline forms, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of abnormal cell growth in mammals, especially humans.

Background of the Invention

The compound (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2/-/-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?][2,5,1 1 ]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile, represented by the formula (I):

(I)

is a potent, macrocyclic inhibitor of both wild type and resistance mutant forms of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) receptor tyrosine kinase. Preparation of the free base compound of formula (I) as an amorphous solid is disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 2013/132376 and in United States Patent Publication No. 2013/0252961 , the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Human cancers comprise a diverse array of diseases that collectively are one of the leading causes of death in developed countries throughout the world (American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2005. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2005). The progression of cancers is caused by a complex series of multiple genetic and molecular events including gene mutations, chromosomal translocations, and karyotypic abnormalities (Hanahan & Weinberg, The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000; 100: 57-70). Although the underlying genetic causes of

cancer are both diverse and complex, each cancer type has been observed to exhibit common traits and acquired capabilities that facilitate its progression. These acquired capabilities include dysregulated cell growth, sustained ability to recruit blood vessels (i.e., angiogenesis), and ability of tumor cells to spread locally as well as metastasize to secondary organ sites (Hanahan & Weinberg 2000). Therefore, the ability to identify novel therapeutic agents that inhibit molecular targets that are altered during cancer progression or target multiple processes that are common to cancer progression in a variety of tumors presents a significant unmet need.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play fundamental roles in cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, differentiation, and survival. RTK activity is tightly controlled in normal cells. The constitutively enhanced RTK activities from point mutation, amplification, and rearrangement of the corresponding genes have been implicated in the development and progression of many types of cancer. (Gschwind et al., The discovery of receptor tyrosine kinases: targets for cancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2004; 4, 361-370; Krause & Van Etten, Tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353: 172-187.)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, grouped together with leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) to a subfamily within the insulin receptor (IR) superfamily. ALK was first discovered as a fusion protein with nucleophosmin (NPM) in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell lines in 1994. (Morris et al., Fusion of a kinase gene, ALK, to a nucleolar protein gene, NPM, in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Science 1994; 263:1281-1284.) NPM-ALK, which results from a chromosomal translocation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of human anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) (Pulford et al., Anaplastic lymphoma kinase proteins in growth control and cancer. J. Cell Physiol., 2004; 199: 330-58). The roles of aberrant expression of constitutively active ALK chimeric proteins in the pathogenesis of ALCL have been defined (Wan et. al., Anaplastic lymphoma kinase activity is essential for the proliferation and survival of anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. Blood, 2006; 107:1617-1623). Other chromosomal rearrangements resulting in ALK fusions have been subsequently detected in ALCL (50-60%), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (27%), and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2-7%). (Palmer et al., Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: signaling in development and disease. Biochem. J. 2009; 420:345-361 .)

The EML4-ALK fusion gene, comprising portions of the echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4 (EML4) gene and the ALK gene, was first discovered in NSCLC archived clinical specimens and cell lines. (Soda et al., Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer. Nature 2007; 448:561-566; Rikova et al., Cell 2007; 131 :1 190-1203.) EML4-ALK fusion variants were demonstrated to transform NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and cause lung adenocarcinoma when expressed in transgenic mice, confirming the

potent oncogenic activity of the EML4-ALK fusion kinase. (Soda et al., A mouse model for EML4-ALK-positive lung cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008; 105:19893-19897.) Oncogenic mutations of ALK in both familial and sporadic cases of neuroblastoma have also been reported. (Caren et al., High incidence of DNA mutations and gene amplifications of the ALK gene in advanced sporadic neuroblastoma tumors. Biochem. J. 2008; 416:153-159.)

ROS1 is a proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the insulin receptor subfamily, and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation processes. (Nagarajan et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1986; 83:6568-6572). ROS is expressed, in humans, in epithelial cells of a variety of different tissues. Defects in ROS expression and/or activation have been found in glioblastoma, as well as tumors of the central nervous system (Charest et al., Genes Chromos. Can. 2003; 37(1): 58-71). Genetic alterations involving ROS that result in aberrant fusion proteins of ROS kinase have been described, including the FIG-ROS deletion translocation in glioblastoma (Charest et al. (2003); Birchmeier et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1987; 84:9270-9274; and NSCLC (Rimkunas et al., Analysis of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ROS1 -Positive Tumors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Identification of FIG-ROS1 Fusion, Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4449-4457), the SLC34A2-ROS translocation in NSCLC (Rikova et al. Cell 2007;131 :1 190-1203), the CD74-ROS translocation in NSCLC (Rikova et al. (2007)) and cholangiocarcinoma (Gu et al. PLoS ONE 201 1 ; 6(1 ): e15640), and a truncated, active form of ROS known to drive tumor growth in mice (Birchmeier et al. Mol. Cell. Bio. 1986; 6(9):3109-31 15). Additional fusions, including TPM3-ROS1 , SDC4-ROS1 , EZR-ROS1 and LRIG3-ROS1 , have been reported in lung cancer patient tumor samples (Takeuchi et al., RET, ROS1 and ALK fusions in lung cancer, Nature Medicine 2012; 18(3):378-381).

The dual ALK/c-MET inhibitor crizotinib was approved in 201 1 for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC that is ALK-positive as detected by an FDA-approved test. Crizotinib has also shown efficacy in treatment of NSCLC with ROS1 translocations. (Shaw et al. Clinical activity of crizotinib in advanced rson-smali cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring ROS1 gene rearrangement. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Chicago, June 1-5, 2012.) As observed clinically for other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mutations in ALK and ROS1 that confer resistance to ALK inhibitors have been described (Choi et ai., EML4-ALK Mutations in Lung Cancer than Confer Resistance to ALK Inhibitors, N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1734-1739; Awad et ai., Acquired Resistance to Crizotinib from a Mutation in CD74-ROS1, Engl J Med 2013; 368:2395-2401 ).

Thus, ALK and ROS1 are attractive molecular targets for cancer therapeutic intervention. There remains a need to identify compounds having novel activity profiles against wild-type and mutant forms of ALK and ROS1 .

The present invention provides crystalline forms of the free base of (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2, 10,16-trimethyl-15-OXO-10,15, 16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?][2, 5,1 1 ]-benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile having improved properties, such as improved crystallinity, dissolution properties, decreased hygroscopicity, improved mechanical properties, improved purity, and/or improved stability, while maintaining chemical and enantiomeric stability.

Comparative Example 1A

Preparation of (10f?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?l[2,5,1 Hbenzoxadiazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile (amorphous)

Example 1A

Step 1 :

Palladium (II) acetate (53 mg, 0.24 mmol) and cataCXium^® A (180 mg, 0.5 mmol) were mixed together in toluene (1 .5 mL, de-gassed) and the resulting solution was added via pipette to a stirred solution of compound 7 (0.9 g, 2.4 mmol), compound 15 (1 .0 g, 3.0 mmol) bis-pinacolato diboron (0.9 g, 3.6 mmol) and CsF (1 .9 g, 12.6 mmol) in MeOH/H₂0 (9:1 , 12 mL, degassed) at 60 °C. The resulting mixture was then stirred at reflux for 3 hrs. A further portion of Palladium (II) acetate (26 mg, 0.12 mmol) and cataCXium^® A (90 mg, 0.25 mmol) in toluene (1 .5 mL, de-gassed) was added, and the yellow reaction mixture stirred at 60 °C overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc (150 mL) and filtered through CELITE®. The filtrate was washed with water (100 mL), then brine (100 mL), dried (Na₂S0₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel, which was eluted with 1 :1 EtOAc/cyclohexane, to give compound 22 as a yellow oil (570 mg, 43% yield). TLC (Rf = 0.40, 1 :1 EtOAc/cyclohexane). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 8.03 (m, 1 H), 7.65 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (dd,1 H, J = 9.9, 2.7 Hz), 7.01 (m, 1 H), 6.68 (m, 1 H), 6.40 (m, 1 H), 4.90 (br s, 2 H), 4.20 – 4.30 (m, 2 H), 3.96 (s, 3 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 2.55 – 2.85 (m, 3 H), 1 .68 (d, 3 H, J = 6.6 Hz), 1 .24 (s, 9 H). LCMS ES m/z 539 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2:

To a solution of compound 22 (69% purity, 0.95 g, assumed 1 .05 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution NaOH (1 .0 g, 25 mmol) in water (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 3.5 hours. The reaction was diluted with water (80 mL), concentrated by 20 mL to remove MeOH on the rotary evaporator, and washed with MTBE (100 mL). The aqueous layer was then acidified carefully with 1 M aq HCI to approx. pH 2 (pH paper). Sodium chloride (15 g) was added to the mixture and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂S0₄) and evaporated to give compound 23 as a pale yellow solid (480 mg, 87% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.05 (m, 1 H), 7.45 (s, 1 H), 7.37 (dd,1 H, J = 10.4, 2.8 Hz), 7.10 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.5, 2.4 Hz), 6.50 – 6.60 (m, 2 H), 4.05 – 4.30 (m, 2 H), 3.99 (s, 3 H), 2.60 – 2.80 (m, 3 H), 1 .72 (d, 3 H, J = 6.5 Hz). LCMS ES m/z 525 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3:

A solution of HCI in dioxane (4 M, 6.0 mL) was added to a solution of compound 23

(480 mg, 0.91 mmol) in MeOH (methanol) (6 mL) and the reaction was stirred at 40 °C for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was taken-up in MeOH (50 mL) and acetonitrile (100 mL) was added and the mixture was then again evaporated to dryness, to give compound 24 as an off white solid (400 mg, 87% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.07 (dd, 1 H, J = 8.9. 5.9 Hz), 7.51 (d, 1 H, J = 1 .7 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1 H, J = 9.8, 2.6 Hz), 7.23 (d, 1 H, J = 1 .6 Hz), 7.16 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.5, 2.7 Hz), 6.73 (dd, 1 H, J = 1 1 .9, 6.9 Hz), 4.22 (d, 1 H, J = 14.7 Hz), 4.14 (d, 1 H, J = 14.7 Hz), 4.07 (s, 3 H), 2.75 (s, 3 H), 1 .75 (d, 3 H, J = 5.5 Hz). LCMS ES m/z 425 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4:

A solution of compound 24 (400 mg, assumed 0.91 mmol) as the HCI salt and DIPEA

(diisopropylethylamine) (1 .17 g, 9.1 mmol) in DMF (dimethylformamide) (5.0 mL) and THF (0.5 mL) was added drop-wise to a solution of HATU (2-(1 H-7-azabenzotriazol-1 -yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate methanaminium) (482 mg, 1 .27 mmol) in DMF (10.0 mL) at 0 °C over 30 minutes. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred at 0 °C for a further 30 mins. Water (70 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted into EtOAc (2 x 60 mL). The combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous NaHC0₃ (2 x 100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over Na₂S0₄, and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel, which was eluted with 70% EtOAc/cyclohexane giving 205 mg of a pale yellow residue (semi-solid). The solids were dissolved in MTBE (7 mL) and cyclohexane (20 mL) was added slowly with good stirring to precipitate the product. After stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was filtered, and Example 1A was collected as an

amorphous white solid (1 10 mg, 29% yield). TLC (Rf = 0.40, 70% EtOAc in cyclohexane). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 7.83 (d, 1 H, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.30 (dd, 1 H, J = 9.6, 2.4 Hz), 7.21 (dd, 1 H, J = 8.4, 5.6 Hz), 6.99 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.0, 2.8 Hz), 6.86 (d, 1 H, J = 1 .2 Hz), 5.75 – 5.71 (m, 1 H), 4.84 (s, 2 H), 4.45 (d, 1 H, J = 14.4 Hz), 4.35 (d ,1 H, J = 14.4 Hz), 4.07 (s, 3 H), 3.13 (s, 3 H), 1 .79 (d, 3 H, J = 6.4Hz). LCMS ES m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Example 1

Preparation of crystalline hydrate of (10 ?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo- 10,15,16,17-tetrahvdro-2/-/-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?l[2,5,1 Hbenzoxa-diazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile (Form 1)

Example 1A Example 1

(amorphous) _{(Form 1 }}

Amorphous (10f?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?][2,5,11 ]benzoxa-diazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile free base, prepared as described in Example 1A (and Example 2 of United States Patent Publication No. 2013/0252961), was dissolved in 1 .0 : 1 .1 (v:v) H₂0:MeOH at a concentration of 22 mg/mL at 50°C, then allowed to cool to room temperature . This slurry was granulated for approximately 72 hours. The solids were isolated by filtration and vacuum dried overnight at 60°C to produce crystalline hydrate Form 1 of (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-/?][2,5,1 1 ]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile.

Example 4

Alternative preparation of crystalline acetic acid solvate of (10 ?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2, 10,16-trimethyl-15-OXO-10,15, 16,17-tetrahvdro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?U2,5, 1 1 lbenzoxa-diazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (Form 3)

Step 1 :

To a reaction vessel under N₂ were charged compound 9 (9.97 kg, 17.95 mol), compound 21 (3.52 kg, 18.85 mol) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (97 L). Triethylamine (7.45 kg, 73.6 mol) was added while keeping the internal temperature below 35°C. The reaction mixture was held for 30 min and n-propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P), 50% solution in ethyl acetate (22.85 kg, 35.9 mol) was charged slowly, maintaining the internal temperature below 25°C. The reaction mixture was held at 20°C for at least 2 h until reaction was deemed complete. Ethyl acetate (35 L) and water (66 L) were added followed by 0.5N Hydrochloric acid solution (80 L). The aqueous layer was removed and the organic layer was washed with brine solution (80 L). The organic layer was concentrated and solvent exchanged with 2-methyl-2-butanol (80 L) give compound 25 (23 wt/wt%) solution in 2-methyl-2-butanol . This solution was carried forward to the next step directly in three batches, assuming 12.00 kg (100% yield) from this step.

Step 2:

2-Methyl-2-butanol (100 L) was combined with potassium acetate (1 .8 kg, 18.34 mol), palladium(ll) acetate (0.10 kg, 0.46 mol) and water (0.10 kg, 5.73 mol). The resulting mixture was purged with nitrogen. Di(1 -adamantyl)n-butylphosphine (0.23 kg, 0.43 mol) was added. An amount of 20% of compound 25 (3.97 kg active or 17.3 L of step 1 solution in 2-methyl-2-butanol) was added, and the resulting reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. The remaining solution of compound 25 in 2-methyl-2-butanol was subsequently added to the reaction over a period of 5 h. The resulting mixture was heated until the reaction was deemed complete (typically 16 – 20 h). This reaction step was processed in three batches, and the isolation was done in one single batch. Thus, the combined three batches were filtered through CELITE® to remove insoluble materials. The filtrate was concentrated to a low volume (approximately 20 L). Acetonitrile (60 L) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 2 – 4 h, then cooled to RT for granulation. The resulting slurry was filtered to give compound 26 as a crude product. The crude product was combined with ethyl acetate (80 L) and Silicycle thiol (5 kg). The resulting mixture was heated for 2 h, cooled to RT and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to approx. 20 L, and the resulting slurry was granulated and filtered. The filter cake was rinsed with ethyl acetate (4 L) and dried in a vacuum oven to give compound 26 as a pure product (4.74 kg, 43.5% overall last two steps). ¹H NMR (CDCI₃) δ 8.25 – 8.23 (m, 1 H), 7.28 (1 H, dd, 2.76 and 9.79 Hz), 7.22 (1 H, dd, 5.52 and 8.53 Hz), 7.18 (1 H, d, J = 1 .76 Hz), 7.01 (1 H, dt, J = 2.50 and 8.03 Hz), 5.78 – 5.70 (m, 1 H), 4.76 (1 H, d, J = 14.3 Hz), 4.13 (s, 3H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 1 .78 (d, 3H, J = 6.02 Hz), 1 .45 (s, 18H); 13C NMR (CDCI₃) δ 167.0, 162.9, 160.4, 148.7, 146.3, 143.0, 140.7, 139.9, 135.5, 129.9, 129.8, 126.1 , 123.8, 123.5, 1 19.7, 1 13.8, 1 13.5, 1 1 1 .6, 108.1 , 81 .1 , 70.1 , 45.5, 37.0, 29.7, 26.0, 20.7; LCMS (M+1)⁺ 607.3, 507.1 , 451 .2.

Step 3:

To a reactor under N₂ was added compound 26 (4.74 kg, 7.82 mol) and ethyl acetate (54 L). Hydrochloric acid 37% (5.19 L, 63.2 mol) was charged slowly while keeping the internal temperature below 25°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 – 48 h until the reaction was complete. Ethyl acetate (54L) and water (54 L) were added. The reaction mixture was then treated with triethylamine until pH 8 – 9 was reached. The aqueous layer was removed and then the organic layer was washed water (2 x 54 L). The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to approx. 54 L to give compound 27 (unisolated).

Step 4:

Acetic acid (1 .0 kg, 16.6 mol) was added to the organic layer containing compound 27. The reaction mixture was concentrated and then held for at least 3 h with stirring at RT. The resulted slurry was filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (2 L) and dried under vacuum to give 3.20 kg (87.8% yield) of Example 4 acetic acid solvate (Form 3). The spectroscopic data of this material was identical to that of an authentic sample of the crystalline acetic acid Form 3 of (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2, 10, 16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10, 15,16, 17-tetrahydro-2/-/-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?][2,5,1 1 ]-benzoxadiazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile prepared according to Example 3.

Preparation of Synthetic Intermediates

7 6 5

Step 1 :

A solution of (-)-DIPCI ((-)-B-chlorodiisopinocampheylborane) (57.1 g, 178 mmol) in THF

(tetrahydrofuran) (100 ml) was cooled to -20 to -30 °C. A solution of compound 1 (31 .3 g, 1 19 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was then added dropwise, via addition funnel (30 min addition). The reaction was left to warm up to room temperature (RT). After 2 h, the reaction was cooled to -30 °C and another portion of (-)-DIPCI (38.0 g, 1 19 mmol) was added. After 30 min, the reaction was allowed to warm to RT and after 1 h, the solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue re-dissolved in MTBE (methyl tertiary-butyl ether) (200 ml). A solution of diethanolamine (31 g, 296 mmol) in ethanol/THF (15 ml/30 ml) was added via addition funnel, to the reaction mixture under an ice bath. The formation of a white precipitate was observed. The suspension was heated at reflux for 2 hours then cooled to room temperature, filtered and the mother liquids concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in heptane/EtOAc (7:3, 200 ml) and again

filtered. This procedure was repeated until no more solids could be observed after the liquids were concentrated. The final yellow oil was purified by column chromatography (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 99:1 to 96:4). The resulting colorless oil was further purified by recrystallization from heptanes, to give alcohol compound 2 (25 g, 80% yield, 99% purity and 96% ee) as white crystals. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 7.73 (dd, 1 H), 7.32 (dd, 1 H), 6.74 (ddd, 1 H), 4.99 – 5.04 (m, 1 H), 2.01 (d, 1 H), 1 .44 (d, 3 H). LCMS-ES: No ionization, Purity 99%. Chiral GC (column CP-Chirasil-DexnCB): 96% ee; Rt (minor) 17.7 minutes and Rt (major) 19.4 minutes.

Step 2:

A solution of compound 2 (22 g, 83 mmol) in MTBE (350 mL) was cooled under an ice bath and triethylamine (23 mL, 166 mmol) followed by mesyl chloride (9.6 mL, 124 mmol) were added drop-wise. The reaction was then warmed to RT and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solids washed with EtOAc. The mother liquids were concentrated in vacuo to give compound 3 (35 g, 80% yield) as a pale yellow oil. This material was taken into the following step without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 7.78 (dd, 1 H), 7.24 (dd, 1 H), 6.82 (ddd, 1 H), 2.92 (s, 3 H), 1 .64 (d, 3 H). LCMS-ES no ionization.

Step 3:

A suspension of Cs₂C0₃ (65 g, 201 mmol) and compound 4 (13.3 g, 121 mmol) in 2-CH₃-THF (2-methyitetrahydrofuran) (600 mL) and acetone (300 mL) was stirred at RT for 30 minutes then heated at 40 °C before drop-wise addition of a solution of compound 3 (34.4 g, 80 mmol) in 2-CH₃-THF (300 mL) via addition funnel. The resulting mixture was left stirring at 75 -80 °C for 24 h. The reaction was then filtered through CELITE® with MTBE, the solvents removed in vacuo and the residue purified by column chromatography over silica gel which was eluted with cyclohexane/EtOAc (9:1 to 1 :1) to give compound 5 (14.3 g, 39 % yield, 90% ee) as a white solid. The solids were then re crystallized from heptane/EtOAc to give compound 5 (10.8 g, 37% yield, 95% ee). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) 5 7.38 (dd, 1 H), 7.62 (dd, 1 H), 7.10 (dd, 1 H), 6.75 (ddd, 1 H), 6.44 – 6.51 (m, 2 H), 5.34 – 5.39 (m, 1 H), 4.73 (br s, 2 H), 1 .61 (d, 3 H). LCMS-ES m/z 359 [M+H]⁺. HPLC (Chiralpak IC 4.6 x 250 mm): 95% ee; Rt (minor) 10.4 minutes; Rt (major) 14.7 minutes; eluent: Heptane 80%/IPA 20% with 0.2% DEA, 0.7 mL/min. Step 4:

Compound 5 (20 g, 57 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (300 mL), and sequentially treated with triethylamine (TEA) (15.4 mL, 1 13 mmol) and PdCI₂(dppf) (1 ,1 -bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(ll) ) (4.1 g, 5.7 mmol). This mixture was heated at 100 °C for 16 hours, under a 100 psi carbon monoxide atmosphere. LCMS indicated consumption of starting material. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of CELITE®, and the filtrate evaporated to a brown oil. The crude product was purified by flash

chromatography over silica gel which was eluted with 50% to 75% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, affording the pure product 6 as a brick-red solid (13.0 g, 79% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 1 .65 (d, 3 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 4.75 (br s, 2 H), 6.32 (q, 1 H), 6.42 (dd, 1 H), 6.61 (dd, 1 H), 7.00 (ddd, 1 H), 7.28 (dd, 1 H), 7.60 (dd, 1 H), 8.03 (dd, 1 H). LCMS ES m/z 291 for [M+H]⁺.

Step 5:

Compound 6 (13.0 g, 45 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (195 mL), and cooled to <10 °C in an ice water bath. NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) (7.9 g, 45 mmol) was added drop-wise to the cooled reaction mixture as a solution in acetonitrile (195 mL), monitoring the internal temperature to ensure it did not rise above 10 °C. After addition was complete, the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) (1 :1 cyclohexane/ethyl acetate) showed consumption of starting material. The reaction mixture was evaporated, and the residue redissolved in ethyl acetate (400 mL), and washed with 2M aqueous NaOH (2 x 300 mL), and 10% aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (300 mL). The organic extracts were dried over MgS0₄, and evaporated to a red oil (17.6 g). The crude product was purified over silica gel, which was eluted with 10% to 50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, which gave compound 7 (12.0 g, 73% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 1 .65 (d, 3 H), 3.96 (s, 3 H), 4.74 – 4.81 (br s, 2 H), 6.33 (q, 1 H), 6.75 (d, 1 H), 7.03 (ddd, 1 H), 7.25 (dd, 1 H), 7.66 (d, 1 H), 8.06 (dd, 1 H). LCMS ES m/z 369/371 [M+H]⁺. A Chiralpak AD-H (4.6 x 100 mm, 5 micron) column was eluted with 10% MeOH (0.1 % DEA) in C0₂ at 120 bar. A flow rate of 5.0 mL/min gave the minor isomer Rt 0.6 minutes and the major isomer Rt 0.8 minutes (99% ee). Optical rotation: [ ]_d²⁰ = -92.4 deg (c=1 .5, MeOH).

Preparation of (/?)-methyl 2-(1 -((N,N-di-Boc-2-amino-5-bromopyridin-3-yl)oxy)ethyl)-4-fluorobenzoic acid (9)

Step 1 :

To a solution of compound 7 (2000 g, 5.4 mol) in dry DCM (dichloromethane) (32000 mL) was added DIPEA (N.N-dsisopropyleibylamine) (2100 g, 16.28 mol) and DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) (132 g, 1 .08 mol). Then Boc₂0 (di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate) (3552 g, 16.28 mol) was added to the mixture in portions. The reaction was stirred at RT for overnight. TLC (petroleum ether/EtOAc =5:1) show the reaction was complete, the mixture was washed with sat. NH₄CI (15 L) two times, then dried over Na₂S0₄and concentrated to give a crude product which was purified by column (silica gel, petroleum ether/EtOAc from 20:1 to 10:1) to give compound 8 (2300 g, 75%) as a white solid.

Step 2:

Compound 8 (50 g, 87.81 mmol, 100 mass%) was charged to a round bottom flask (RBF) containing tetrahydrofuran (12.25 mol/L) in Water (5 mL/g, 3060 mmol, 12.25 mol/L) and sodium hydroxide (1 mol/L) in Water (1 .5 equiv., 131 .7 mmol, 1 mol/L). The biphasic mixture was stirred at RT for 14 hours. 1 N HCI was added to adjust pH to < 2. THF was then removed by vacuum distillation. The product precipitated out was collected by filtration. The filter cake was rinsed with water, pulled dried then dried in vacuum oven to constant weight (48 h, 55°C, 25 mbar). 48.3g isolated, 99% yield. ¹H NMR (CDCI₃, 400MHz) δ 8.24 (1 H, dd, 1 H, J = 5.76 and 3.0 Hz), 8.16 (1 H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.37 (1 H, dd, J = 2.5 and 9.8 Hz), 7.19 (1 H, d, J = 2 Hz), 7.14 – 7.06 (1 H, m), 6.50 (1 H, q, J = 6.3 Hz), 1 .67 (3H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 1 .48 (18H, s). ¹³C NMR (CDCI₃, 100 MHz), δ 170.1 , 169.2, 167.6, 165.1 , 150.6, 149.2, 148.6, 141 .4, 140.7, 135.2, 135.1 , 124.2, 122.2,122.1 , 1 19.9, 1 15.4, 1 15.1 , 1 13.4, 1 13.2, 100.0, 83.4, 73.3, 27.9, 23.9. LCMS (M⁺ +1) 557.2, 555.3, 457.1 , 455.1 , 401 , 0, 399.0.

Step 1 :

Ethyl 1 ,3-dimethylpyrazole-5-carboxylate (5.0 g, 30 mmol) was dissolved in 1 ,2-dichloroethane (200 mL), followed by addition of NBS (5.3 g, 30 mmol) and dibenzoyi peroxide (727 mg, 3.0 mmol), in small portions and stirred at 85 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool, diluted to 400 mL with dichloromethane, and washed with water (2 x 200 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgS0₄, and evaporated to give compound 10 (4.1 g, 42% yield). TLC (EtOAc/Cyclohexane; 1 :10; KMn0₄): Rf~0.3. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 4.47 (s, 2 H), 4.41 (q, 2 H), 4.15 (s, 3 H), 1 .42 (t, 3 H). LCMS ES m/z 324/326/328 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2:

Compound 10 (3.0 g, 9.2 mmol) was dissolved in methylamine solution (33% solution in ethanol, 70 mL), and stirred at RT for 16 hours. The mixture was evaporated to give compound 11 (1 .8 g, 71 % yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 4.39 (q, 2 H), 4.14 (s, 3 H), 4.05 (s, 2 H), 2.62 (d, 3 H), 1 .41 (t, 3 H). LCMS ES m/z 276/278 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3:

Compound 11 (1 .8 g, 6.5 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), and the mixture cooled to 0 °C. A solution of di(fe/?-butyl) dicarbonate (1 .75 g, 8 mmol) in dichloromethane (17.5 mL) was added dropwise. The ice bath was removed and the mixture stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The mixture was diluted to 100 mL with dichloromethane, and washed with water (2 x 50 mL). Organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated to give compound 12 (1 .8 g, 72% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 4.48 – 4.44 (m, 2 H), 4.41 (q, 2 H), 4.12 (s, 3 H), 2.82 – 2.79 (m, 3 H), 1 .47 (s, 9 H), 1 .41 (t, 3 H). LCMS ES m/z 376/378 [M+H]⁺ and 276/278 [M-BOC]⁺.

Step 4:

Compound 12 (4 g, 1 1 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (43 mL). Sodium amide (1 g, 27 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 24 h. After this time, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a white solid. The material was suspended in EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with 5% citric acid solution (100 mL). The organic phase was separated and washed with water (100 mL), dried over MgS0₄, filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo to give compound 13 as a yellow gum (3.1 g, 84% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-c/₆) δ 4.27 (s, 2 H), 3.92 (s, 3 H), 2.70 (s, 3 H), 1 .40 (s, 9 H). LCMS ES m/z 348/350 [M+H]⁺ and 248/250 [M-BOC]+.

Step 5:

Compound 13 (3 g, 8.6 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (43 mL, 0.2 M). HOBt (1 .2 g, 8.6 mmol) was added, followed by ammonium chloride (0.9 g, 17.2 mmol). EDCI (2.5 g, 13 mmol) was then added, followed by TEA (2.4 mL, 17 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 18h, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil

(8.0 g). The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (75ml_). The organic phase was washed with NaHC0₃ (sat. solution, 70 ml_) and then brine (100 ml_). The combined organic layers were dried over MgS0₄ and the solvent removed in vacuo to give compound 14 as a dark yellow oil (2.7 g, 91 % yield). This material was used directly in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 6.74 (br s, 1 H), 5.95 (br s, 1 H), 4.49 (br s, 2 H), 4.16 (s, 3 H), 2.81 (br s, 3 H), 1 .47 (s, 9 H). LCMS ES m/z 347/349 [M+H]⁺ and 247/249 [M-BOC]⁺.

Step 6:

Compound 14 (2.7 g, 7.9 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (80 ml_, 0.1 M). TEA (3.3 ml_, 23.8 mmol) was then added and the reaction mixture cooled down to -5 °C. Trifluoroacetic anhydride (2.2 ml_, 15.8 mmol) in DCM (15 ml_) was added dropwise over 30 min. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. After this time, the solvents were removed under reduced pressure to give a dark yellow oil. This residue was diluted in DCM (100 ml_), washed with 5% citric acid, sat. NaHC0₃and brine, dried over MgS0₄, filtered and the solvents removed in vacuo to give a dark yellow oil (2.6 g). The crude product was purified by reverse phase chromatography to give compound 15 as a yellow oil (2.3 g, 87% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 4.46 (br s, 2 H), 4.01 (s, 3 H), 2.83 (br s, 3 H), 1 .47 (s, 9 H). LCMS ES m/z 331 /329 [M+H]⁺ and 229/231 [M-BOC]⁺ as the base ion.

Preparation o/^: 1 -methyl-3-((methylamino)methyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (21)

Step 1 :

To /V-benzylmethylamine (2.40 kg, 19.8 mol) and ethyldiisopropylamine (2.61 kg, 20.2 mol) in acetonitrile (6 L) at 16°C was added chloroacetone (1 .96 kg, 21 .2 mol) over 60 mins [exothermic, temp kept <30°C]. The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18 hours then concentrated to an oily solid. The residue was triturated with MTBE (5 L), and then filtered through a pad of CELITE® (600 g, top) and silica (1 .5 kg, bottom), washing with MTBE (8 L). The filtrate was evaporated to afford compound 16 (3.35 kg, 18.9 mol, 95%) as a brown oil.

Step 2:

Compound 16 (1 .68 kg, 9.45 mol), Boc-anhydride (2.1 kg, 9.6 mol) and 20wt% Pd/C (50% H₂0, 56 g) in ethanol (5 L) were hydrogenated in an 1 1 -L autoclave at 50 psi [exotherm to 40°C with 20°C jacket]. The atmosphere became saturated with carbon dioxide during the reaction and so needed to be vented and de-gassed twice to ensure sufficient hydrogen uptake and completion of the reaction. The total reaction time was ~1 .5 hours. Two runs (for a total of 18.9 mol) were combined and filtered through a pad of SOLKA-FLOC®, washing with methanol. The filtrate was treated with DMAP (45 g, 0.37 mol) and stirred at room temperature overnight to destroy the excess Boc-anhydride. The mixture was then concentrated to dryness, dissolved in MTBE (6 L) and filtered through a pad of magnesol (1 kg), washing with MTBE (4 L). The filtrate was evaporated to afford compound 17 (3.68 kg, ~95 wt%, 18.7 mol, 99%) as an orange-brown oil.

Step 3:

To compound 17 (3.25 kg, -95 wt%, 16.5 mol) and diethyl oxalate (4.71 kg, 32.2 mol) in methanol (12 L) at 15°C was added 25 wt% sodium methoxide in methanol (6.94 kg, 32.1 mol) over 25 mins [temp kept <25°C]. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 16 hours then cooled to -37°C and 37% hydrochloric acid (3.1 kg, 31 mol) was added over 5 mins [temp kept <-10°C]. The mixture was cooled to -40°C and methylhydrazine (1 .42 kg, 30.8 mol) was added over 7 mins [temp kept <-17°C]. The mixture was warmed to 5°C over 90 minutes, then re-cooled to 0°C and quenched by addition of 2.4M KHS0₄ (6.75 L, 16.2 mol) in one portion [exotherm to 27°C]. The mixture was diluted with water (25 L) and MTBE (15 L), and the layers separated. The organic layer was washed with brine (7 L) and the aqueous layers then sequentially re-extracted with MTBE (8 L). The combined organics were evaporated and azeotroped with toluene (2 L) to afford crude compound 18. Chromatography (20 kg silica, 10-40% EtOAc in hexane) afforded compound 18 (3.4 kg, ~95 wt%, 11 .4 mol, 69%) as an orange oil.

Step 4:

Ammonia (3 kg, 167 mol) was bubbled in to cooled methanol (24 L) [temp kept <18°C]. A solution of compound 18 (4.8 kg, ~95 wt%, 16.1 mol) in methanol (1 .5 L) was added over 30 minutes and the mixture stirred at 25°C for 68 hours and then at 30°C for 24 hours. Two runs (from a total of 9.68 kg of ~95 wt% Step 3) were combined and concentrated to ~13 L volume. Water (30 L) was slowly added over 80 minutes, keeping the temperature 30 to 40°C. The resulting slurry was cooled to 20°C, filtered, washed with water (12 L) and pulled dry on the filter overnight. The solids were triturated in MTBE (8 L) and hexane (8 L) at 45°C then re-cooled to 15°C, filtered, washed with hexane (4 L) and dried under vacuum to afford compound 19 (7.95 kg, 29.6 mol, 90%) as an off-white solid.

Step 5:

To compound 19 (7.0 kg, 26.1 mol) in DCM (30 L) at 0°C was added triethylamine (5.85 kg, 57.8 mol). The mixture was further cooled to -6°C then trifluoroacetic anhydride (5.85 kg, 27.8 mol) added over 90 minutes [temp kept 0 to 5°C]. TLC assay showed the reaction was incomplete. Additional triethylamine (4.1 kg, 40.5 mol) and trifluoroacetic acid (4.1 kg, 19.5 mol) were added over 2 hours until TLC showed complete reaction. The reaction mixture was quenched in to water (40 L) [temp to 23°C]. The layers were separated and the aqueous re-extracted with DCM (8 L). The organic layers were sequentially washed with brine (7 L), filtered through a pad of silica (3 kg) and eluted with DCM (10 L). The filtrate was evaporated and chromatographed (9 kg silica, eluent 10-30% EtOAc in hexane). Product fractions were evaporated and azeotroped with IPA to afford compound 20 (6.86 kg, -94 wt%, 25.8 mol, 99%) as an orange oil.

Step 6:

To compound 20 (6.86 kg, -94 wt%, 25.8 mol) in IPA (35 L) at 17°C was added 37% hydrochloric acid (6.4 L, 77.4 mol). The mixture was heated to 35°C overnight then concentrated to a moist solid and residual water azeotroped with additional IPA (8 L). The resulting moist solid was triturated with MTBE (12 L) at 45°C for 30 minutes then cooled to 20°C and filtered, washing with MTBE (5 L). The solids were dried under vacuum at 45°C to afford compound 21 (4.52 kg, 24.2 mol, 94%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR was consistent with desired product; mp 203-205°C; HPLC 99.3%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.12 (1 H, s), 4.28 (2H, s), 4.09 (3H, s), 2.77 (3H, s). ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD, 100 MHz) δ 144.5, 177.8, 1 14.9, 110.9, 45.9, 39.0, 33.2. LCMS (M⁺+1) 151 .1 , 138.0, 120.0.

PATENT

WO2013132376

PATENT

WO 2016089208

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017021823&redirectedID=true

Preparation of the free base of lorlatinib as an amorphous solid is disclosed in

International Patent Publication No. WO 2013/132376 and in United States Patent No. 8,680,1 1 1 . Solvated forms of lorlatinib free base are disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/207606.

Example 1

Lab Scale Preparation of Form 7 of (10 ?^‘)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2/-/-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?l[2,5,1 l lbenzoxadiazacyclotetra-decine- -carbonitrile (lorlatinib) Free Base

[AcOH solvate]

Form 7 of lorlatinib free base was prepared by de-solvation of the acetic acid solvate of lorlatinib (Form 3), prepared as described in International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/207606, via an intermediate methanol solvate hydrate form of lorlatinib (Form 2).

The acetic acid solvate of lorlatinib (Form 3) (5 g, 10.72 mmol) was slurried in methanol

(10 mL/g, 1235.9 mmol) at room temperature in an Easymax flask with magnetic stirring to which triethylamine (1 .2 equiv., 12.86 mmol) was added over 10 minutes. The resulting solution was heated to 60°C and water (12.5 mL/g, 3469.3 mmol) was added over 10 minutes, while maintaining a temperature of 60°C. Crystallization was initiated by scratching the inside of the glass vessel to form a rapidly precipitating suspension which was triturated to make the system mobile. The suspension was then cooled to 25°C over 1 hour, then cooled to 5°C and granulated for 4 hours. The white slurry was filtered and washed with 1 mL/g chilled

water/methanol (1 :1) then dried under vacuum at 50°C overnight to provide the methanol solvate hydrate Form 2 of lorlatinib.

Form 7 was then prepared via a re-slurry of the methanol solvate hydrate Form 2 of lorlatinib in heptane. 100 mg of lorlatinib Form 2 was weighed into a 4-dram vial and 3 mL of heptane was added. The mixture was slurried at room temperature on a roller mixer for 2 hours. Form conversion was confirmed by PXRD revealing complete form change to Form 7 of lorlatinib free base.

Paper

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm500261q

*E-mail: ted.w.johnson@pfizer.com. Phone: (858) 526-4683., *E-mail: paul.f.richardson@pfizer.com. Phone: (858) 526-4290.

Although crizotinib demonstrates robust efficacy in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients, progression during treatment eventually develops. Resistant patient samples revealed a variety of point mutations in the kinase domain of ALK, including the L1196M gatekeeper mutation. In addition, some patients progress due to cancer metastasis in the brain. Using structure-based drug design, lipophilic efficiency, and physical-property-based optimization, highly potent macrocyclic ALK inhibitors were prepared with good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), low propensity for p-glycoprotein 1-mediated efflux, and good passive permeability. These structurally unusual macrocyclic inhibitors were potent against wild-type ALK and clinically reported ALK kinase domain mutations. Significant synthetic challenges were overcome, utilizing novel transformations to enable the use of these macrocycles in drug discovery paradigms. This work led to the discovery of 8k (PF-06463922), combining broad-spectrum potency, central nervous system ADME, and a high degree of kinase selectivity.

Discovery of (10R)-7-Amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]-benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (PF-06463922), a Macrocyclic Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and c-ros Oncogene 1 (ROS1) with Preclinical Brain Exposure and Broad-Spectrum Potency against ALK-Resistant Mutations

La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States

J. Med. Chem., 2014, 57 (11), pp 4720–4744

DOI: 10.1021/jm500261q

(10R)-7-Amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (8k)

white solid:

TLC R_f = 0.40 (70% EtOAc in cyclohexane);

LC–MS (ESI), m/z 407.1 [M + H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.83 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.30 (dd, J = 9.6, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.21 (dd, J = 8.4, 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.99 (dt, J = 8.0, 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.86 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.75–5.71 (m, 1 H), 4.84 (s, 2 H), 4.45 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.35 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.07 (s, 3 H), 3.13 (s, 3 H), 1.79 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3 H).

References

1H NMR PREDICT

13C NMR PREDICT

Lorlatinib
Clinical data

Routes of administration	PO
Legal status
Legal status	experimental
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	1454846-35-5
ChemSpider	32813339
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₂H₂₀FN₅O₂
Molar mass	405.43 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [hide] C[C@@H]1c2cc(ccc2C(=O)N(Cc3c(c(n(n3)C)C#N)-c4cc(c(nc4)N)O1)C)F

///////////////////Lorlatinib, PF-6463922, anti-neoplastic, Pfizer, ROS1, ALK, phase 2, UNII:OSP71S83EU, лорлатиниб , لورلاتينيب , 洛拉替尼 , Orphan Drug, PF 6463922

Fc2ccc3C(=O)N(C)Cc1nn(C)c(C#N)c1c4cc(O[C@H](C)c3c2)c(N)nc4

FDA approved Trulance for adults with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).

February 11, 2017 1:53 am / Leave a comment

Image result for Trulance Image result for plecanatide

Plecanatide

FDA approved Trulance on January 19th 2017, a once-daily prescription medication for adults with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).

Image result for Trulance

Plecanatide (brand name Trulance), is a drug approved on January 2017 by the FDA for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).^[1] Plecanatide is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist. Plecanatide increases intestinal transit and fluid through a buildup of cGMP,.^[2]^[3]

Plecanatide 普卡那肽 ليكاناتيد плеканатид

PLECANATIDE; UNII-7IK8Z952OK; (3-Glutamic acid(D>E))human uroguanylin (UGN); 467426-54-6;

MOLECULAR FORMULA:	C₆₅H₁₀₄N₁₈O₂₆S₄
MOLECULAR WEIGHT:	1681.88626 g/mol

IUPAC Condensed

H-Asn-Asp-Glu-Cys(1)-Glu-Leu-Cys(2)-Val-Asn-Val-Ala-Cys(1)-Thr-Gly-Cys(2)-Leu-OH

(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S,7S,10S,13S,16R,21R,27S,34R,37S,40S)-10-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-34-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-2-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-2-[[(2S)-2,4-diamino-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-37-(2-carboxyethyl)-27-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-40-(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,23,26,29,35,38,41-undecaoxo-7,13-di(propan-2-yl)-18,19,31,32-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,14,22,25,28,36,39,42-undecazabicyclo[14.13.13]dotetracontane-21-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid

L-Leucine, L-asparaginyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucyl-L- cysteinyl-L-valyl-L-asparaginyl-L-valyl-L-alanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threonylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-, cyclic (4->12),(7->15)-bis(disulfide)

L-Asparaginyl-L-α-aspartyl-N-{(1R,4S,7S,10S,13S,16R,19S,22S,25R,32S,38R)-10-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-22-(2-carboxyethyl)-38-{[(1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}-32-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-19-isobut yl-7,13-diisopropyl-4-methyl-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,30,33,36-undecaoxo-27,28,40,41-tetrathia-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,31,34,37-undecaazabicyclo[14.13.13]dotetracont-25-yl}-L-α-glutamine

Plecanatide
RN: 467426-54-6

Molecular FormulaC₆₅H₁₀₄N₁₈O₂₆S₄
Average mass1681.886 Da
- 105: PN: WO2012037380 SEQID: 105 claimed protein
- 1: PN: US20100152118 SEQID: 1 claimed protein
- 1: PN: WO2008151257 SEQID: 1 claimed protein
- 1: PN: WO2010065751 SEQID: 1 claimed protein
- 1: PN: WO2011069038 SEQID: 1 claimed sequence
- 1: PN: WO2012037380 SEQID: 1 claimed protein
- 1: PN: WO2014131024 SEQID: 1 claimed protein
- 1: PN: WO2015054649 SEQID: 1 claimed protein
- 20: PN: WO02078683 SEQID: 20 claimed protein
- 78: PN: WO2010065751 SEQID: 105 claimed protein
- Plecanatide
- SP 304

ChemSpider 2D Image | Plecanatide | C65H104N18O26S4

CLIPS

Lea Eslava-Kim, PharmD

April 19, 2016

Novel Chronic Idiopathic Constipation Drug Under FDA Review

http://www.empr.com/drugs-in-the-pipeline/novel-chronic-idiopathic-constipation-drug-under-fda-review/article/490799/

Plecanatide is a once-daily, oral, uroguanylin analog

Synergy Pharmaceuticals announced the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted for review the New Drug Application (NDA) for plecanatide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).

The NDA submission was based on data from two double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trials and one open-label long term safety study in over 3,500 patients with CIC.

The FDA has set a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) target action date of January 29, 2017 to make a decision on the NDA.

Plecanatide is a once-daily, oral, uroguanylin analog currently under development for the treatment of CIC and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). It is designed to replicate the function of uroguanylin, a naturally occurring GI peptide, by working locally in the upper GI tract to stimulate digestive fluid movement and support regular bowel function.

PATENT

CN 104628827

http://www.google.com/patents/CN104628827A?cl=en

Prica exenatide Synergy Pharmaceuticals developed by the United States for the GC-C receptor in development of drugs, administered orally Limited.Currently underway include chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and constipation irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), including the phase III clinical trials. It is expected to receive US FDA clearance to market in recent years.Prica that peptides CAS: 467426-54-6 English name plecanatide, structural formula is as follows:

Preparation Prica that peptides from Shenzhen Han Yu medicine was first reported (CN103694320A), using a solid-phase synthesis of linear peptides in solution and then the two-step method to get into the ring, respectively. Since the method to form a ring carved in solution twice, the solution of complex composition, separation and purification difficult, the method should be improved.

Example 1

Weigh the degree of substitution of 0. 51mmol / g of Fmoc-Leu- Wang resin 10g (5. Lmmol), added to the solid phase reactor, DMF washing 3 times, the swelling 3h. The volume ratio of 1: 4 piperidine: DMF was added to the reactor the reaction, after the reaction was washed with DCM and washed twice, DMF 4 times. Weigh Fmoc-Cys (Acm) -OH 6. 34g, H0Bt 2. 07g, DIC 2. 37mL was dissolved in DMF, added to the reactor uniformly mixed, the reaction at room temperature 2h. Ninhydrin color reaction control endpoint, the resin was colorless indicates the end of the reaction, the reaction is continued if the color to colorless. After completion of the reaction, DCM was washed twice, DMF and washed 4 times.

Repeat the above steps, in accordance with the order of the sequence, followed by deprotection, coupling Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Thr (tBu) -OH, Fmoc-Cys- (Mmt) -OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc- Val-OH, Fmoc-Asn (Trt) -〇H, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Cys (Acm) -OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Glu (OtBu) -OH, Fmoc-Cys (StBu) -OH, Fmoc-Glu (OtBu) -OH, Fmoc-Asp (OtBu) -OH, Boc-Asn (Trt) -〇H〇

To a prepared peptide resin reactor volume percentage of 15% DMF solution of mercapto ethanol, reaction 2h; then DCM was added a solution of 20-fold amount DTNP reaction lh; was added after washing 1% TFA containing TIS 5% of DCM solution reaction 20min.

Preparation of peptide resin obtained after sufficiently washed with DMF, DMF was added 10 times the amount in the reaction solution 12 lh. Full wash sash.

After the preparation of the peptide resin was added in a volume ratio of 95/2/2/1 TFA / TIS / EDT / H lysis reagent 20 is added in an amount 20mL / g, the reaction ice bath lh, stirring was continued at room temperature 5h, then filtration.After lysis reagent suction filtrate using a rotary evaporator until no overflow TFA, precipitated reagent was added standing; Pulika centrifugation the precipitated crude peptide was peptide to give 8. 67g〇

The preparation of the crude peptide was obtained Pulika peptide using preparative HPLC system, wavelength 214nm, C18 reversed-phase column packing for the separation, the mobile phase of water and acetonitrile were used, with a gradient elution method to collect the target polypeptide The absorption peak. Using rotary evaporation at 30 ° C to remove most of the acetonitrile, were freeze-dried to obtain a purified Prica exenatide refined products.

Example 2

Weigh the degree of substitution of 0. 2mmol / g of Fmoc-Leu- Wang resin 10g (2mmol), added to the solid phase reactor. DMF washing 3 times, the swelling 3h. The volume ratio of 1: 4 piperidine: DMF was added to the reactor the reaction, after the reaction was washed with DCM and washed twice, DMF 4 times. Weigh Fmoc-Cys (Acm) -OH1. 24g, HOBtO. 406g, DIC 0 • 465mL dissolved in DMF solution, after mixing into the reactor at room temperature the reaction 2h.Ninhydrin color reaction control endpoint, the resin was colorless indicates the end of the reaction, the reaction is continued if the color to colorless. After completion of the reaction, DCM was washed twice, DMF and washed 4 times.

[0053] To illustrate the preparation of the present embodiment obtained peptide resin reactor volume percent of a DMF solution of 30% mercaptoethanol, reaction 4h; then 5-fold amount DTNP in DCM reaction lh; was added after washing 1% TFA containing TIS 5% in DCM reaction 20min.

Preparation of peptide resin obtained after sufficiently washed with DMF, 20 times the amount of DMF was added in the reaction solution 12 lh. Full wash sash.

Peptide Resin [0055] Preparation was added volume ratio of 82. 5/5/5/5/2. 5 TFA / thioanisole / H20 / phenol / EDT cleavage reagents, added in an amount 10mL / g, the reaction ice bath 0 After. 5h, stirring was continued at room temperature for lh, then suction filtered. After lysis reagent suction filtrate to the non-use of force blowing TFA overflow, adding precipitation reagent standing; centrifugation precipitated Prica exenatide crude peptide to give 1. 52g.

Example 3

Weigh the degree of substitution of 0. 6mmol / g of Fmoc-Leu- Wang resin 10g (6mmol), added to the solid phase reactor, DMF washing 3 times, the swelling 3h. The volume ratio of 1: 4 piperidine: DMF was added to the reactor the reaction, after the reaction was washed with DCM and washed twice, DMF 4 times. Weigh Fmoc-Cys (Acm) -OH 7. 46g, H0Bt2. 44g, DIC 2. 79mL was dissolved in DMF, added to the reactor uniformly mixed, the reaction at room temperature 2h.Ninhydrin color reaction control endpoint, the resin was colorless indicates the end of the reaction, the reaction is continued if the color to colorless. After completion of the reaction, DCM was washed twice, DMF and washed 4 times.

To the prepared peptide resin reactor volume percentage of 25% DMF solution of mercapto ethanol, reaction 3h; then 10-fold amount DTNP in DCM reaction lh; was added 1% TFA washed containing TIS5% DCM solution Reaction 20min〇

Preparation of peptide resin obtained after sufficiently washed with DMF, 15 times the amount of DMF was added in the reaction solution 12 lh. Full wash sash.

Preparation of the peptide resin was added in a volume ratio of 90/5/3/2 TFA / thioanisole / anisole / EDT cleavage reagents, added in an amount 20mL / g, the ice bath was reacted 0.lh, stirring was continued at room temperature The reaction 10h, then filtration. After lysis reagent suction filtrate using a rotary evaporator until no overflow TFA, precipitated reagent was added standing; Pulika centrifugation the precipitated crude peptide was peptide to give 8. 46g.

Although the above has been described with general, specific embodiments and test, the present invention has been described in detail, but on the basis of the present invention, it may make some changes or improvements, which the skilled artisan It is obvious. Thus, the present invention without departing from the spirit on the basis of these modifications or improvements made, belong to the scope of the invention as claimed.

PATENT

CN 104211777

http://www.google.com/patents/CN104211777A?cl=en

The pickup exenatide (Plecanatide) is a synthetic analogue of guanylin urine (urine guanylin is a natriuretic hormone, can regulate gastrointestinal transport of ions and liquid), pickup exenatide enter After in vivo and guanylate gastrointestinal tract endothelial cells cyclase C binding and activation, activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), to promote chloride and water into the intestine, thereby promoting bowel motility, improve constipation symptoms.

Synergy company announced its pick in the research of new drugs that peptide (code: SP304) on October 6, 2010 the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders II a clinical experimental results. The study, conducted in patients with chronic constipation showed that the drugs can improve bowel function in patients, promote intestinal motility and reduce abdominal discomfort shape. In the experiment, there was no diarrhea and other adverse reactions, at the doses tested did not detect the pickup system that peptides are absorbed. The drug is expected for the treatment of chronic constipation (CC), constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and other gastrointestinal disorders. CC and IBS-C is a common gastrointestinal disease that can cause serious impact on the work and the quality of life of patients. Synergy will continue to conduct clinical trials of other pickups that peptide.

The structure of the peptide pickup that is:

H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Val-Asn-Val-Ala-Cys-Thr-Gly-C ys-Leu-〇H (4-12 disulfide, 7- 15)

Example 30:

H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Val-Asn-Val-Ala-Cys-Thr-Gly-C ys-Leu-〇H (4-12 disulfide, 7- 15) Preparation of

embodiments will be prepared by the method of Example 18 H-Asn (Trt) -Asp (OtBu) -Asp (OtBu) -Cys (mmt) -Glu (Ot Bu) -Leu-Cys (StBu) -Val-Asn ( Trt) -Val-Ala-Cys (mmt) -Thr (tBu) -Gly-Cys (StBu) -Leu-CT C resin (IOOmmol, 472. 88g) disposed cracking reactor to 10ml / g resin ratio Add lysis reagent (TFA: EDT: water = 95: 2 5:.. 2 5 (V / V)), stirred at room temperature 2h. The reaction was filtered with sand core funnel, and then added a small amount of TFA The resin was washed in the funnel, collecting the filtrate, the combined filtrate was concentrated. Frozen in dry diethyl ether was added (100ml / g peptide purpose tree months) and the solution was precipitated, centrifuged to remove the precipitate was washed with diethyl ether after dry ether three times, and dried in vacuo to give a white solid powder was approximately 180g, i.e., H-Asn-Asp-Asp -Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys (StBu) -Val-Asn-Val-Ala-Cys-Thr-Gly-Cy s (StBu) -Leu-OH. The solid was dissolved with water to lmg / ml solution. Was added an aqueous solution of 1% by volume of H2O2, the reaction was stirred at room temperature 30min, to prepare H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys (StBu) -Val-Asn-Val-Ala-Cys-Thr-Gl y-Cys (StBu) -Leu-OH (disulfide 4-12) was treated with a rotary evaporator after drying the compound containing 500ml 20% β- mercaptoethanol and 0. IM N- methylmorpholine were dissolved in water, followed by stirring After 12h the reaction, the reaction solution was diluted with water to 3mg / ml was about 60L, dissolved in ethanol was added with IL 300mmol I2 solution, the reaction was stirred at room temperature 2h.Adding an appropriate amount Vc remove excess I2, until the color of the reaction solution was transparent, i.e., to give H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Val-As n-Val-Ala-Cys-Thr-Gly-Cys-L eu_0H (disulfide bonds 4-12, 7-15).

PATENT

WO 2014197720

CN 103694320

WO 2012118972

WO 2012037380

WO 2011069038

US 20100152118

WO 2010065751

///Plecanatide, 普卡那肽 , ليكاناتيد , плеканатид, 467426-54-6, Chronic Idiopathic Constipation, NDA, SP 304, SYNERGY, PEPTIDE,

C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)CC(=O)N)C(C)C)CC(C)C)CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N

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References

Jump up^ “FDA approves Trulance for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation”. FDA.gov. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
Jump up^ “TRULANCE package insert” (PDF). Trulance website. Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc. 420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 2012 New York, New York 10170. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
Jump up^ Thomas, RH; Luthin, DR (June 2015). “Current and emerging treatments for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation: focus on prosecretory agents.”. Pharmacotherapy. 35 (6): 613–30. doi:10.1002/phar.1594. PMID 26016701. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

Plecanatide
Clinical data
Trade names	Trulance
License data	US FDA: Plecanatide
Routes of administration	Oral
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
Synonyms	SP-304
CAS Number	467426-54-6
PubChem (CID)	70693500
IUPHAR/BPS	9069
ChemSpider	28530494
UNII	7IK8Z952OK
KEGG	D09948
ChEMBL	CHEMBL2103867
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₆₅H₁₀₄N₁₈O₂₆S₄
Molar mass	1681.887 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image

/////////Trulance, plecanatide

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Plecanatide 普卡那肽 ليكاناتيد плеканатид

IUPAC Condensed

L-Leucine, L-asparaginyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucyl-L- cysteinyl-L-valyl-L-asparaginyl-L-valyl-L-alanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threonylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-, cyclic (4-&gt;12),(7-&gt;15)-bis(disulfide)

Plecanatide RN: 467426-54-6

Novel Chronic Idiopathic Constipation Drug Under FDA Review

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L-Leucine, L-asparaginyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucyl-L- cysteinyl-L-valyl-L-asparaginyl-L-valyl-L-alanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threonylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-, cyclic (4->12),(7->15)-bis(disulfide)

Plecanatide
RN: 467426-54-6