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BINIMETINIB, биниметиниб , بينيميتينيب , 美替尼 , ビニメチニブ

August 26, 2018 10:03 am / Leave a comment

Figure imgf000024_0001 ChemSpider 2D Image | Binimetinib | C17H15BrF2N4O3

Binimetinib

MEK-162

биниметиниб [Russian] [INN]

بينيميتينيب [Arabic] [INN]

贝美替尼 [Chinese] [INN]

ビニメチニブ

5-[(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)amino]-4-fluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxamide

5-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carbohydroxamic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester

6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide

606143-89-9 CAS

C17H15BrF2N4O3, 441.227

UNII-181R97MR71

181R97MR71

1H-Benzimidazole-6-carboxamide, 5-[(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)amino]-4-fluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-methyl-

STR……….http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/druginformation/innlists/PL109.pdf GET THE STRUCTURE

tyrosine kinase inhibitor, antineoplastic

Array BioPharma Inc;PHASE 3 Cancer, ovary (serous)

Novartis PHASE 3 Melanoma

CAS 606143-89-9 [RN]

9764

ARRY-162

ARRY-438162, NVP-MEK162

MEK-1 protein kinase inhibitor; MEK-2 protein kinase inhibitor

Liver injury; Melanoma; Noonan syndrome; Ovary tumor; Solid tumor

On June 27, 2018, the Food and Drug Administration approved encorafenib and binimetinib in combination patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test

Binimetinib, also known as Mektovi and ARRY-162, is an anti-cancer small molecule that was developed by Array Biopharma to treat various cancers.^[1] Binimetinib is a selective inhibitor of MEK, a central kinase in the tumor-promoting MAPK pathway.^[2] Inappropriate activation of the pathway has been shown to occur in many cancers.^[2] In June 2018 it was approved by the FDA in combination with encorafenib for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600E or V600K mutation-positive melanoma.^[3]

Binimetinib, also known as Mektovi, is a potent is a potent and selective oral mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (MEK 1/2) inhibitor which is combined with Encorafenib ^[4],^[8].

On June 27, 2018, the Food and Drug Administration approved the combination of Encorafeniband binimetinib (BRAFTOVI and MEKTOVI, from Array BioPharma Inc.) in combination for patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with the BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test ^[8].

Binimetinib was originally developed by Array BioPharma, then licensed to Novartis for worldwide development in 2010. But Array Biopharma regained full worldwide rights of the product in 2015. And in 2015, Pierre Fabre acquired exclusive rights to commercialize the product.

Mechanism of action

Binimetinib is an orally available inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), or more specifically, a MAP2K inhibitor.^[4]MEK is part of the RAS pathway, which is involved in cell proliferation and survival. MEK is upregulated in many forms of cancer.^[5]Binimetinib, uncompetitive with ATP, binds to and inhibits the activity of MEK1/2 kinase, which has been shown to regulate several key cellular activities including proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis.^[6] MEK1/2 are dual-specificity threonine/tyrosine kinases that play key roles in the activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and are often upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types.^[7] Inhibition of MEK1/2 prevents the activation of MEK1/2 dependent effector proteins and transcription factors, which may result in the inhibition of growth factor-mediated cell signaling.^[8] As demonstrated in preclinical studies, this may eventually lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and an inhibition in production of various inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1, -6 and tumor necrosis factor.^[8]

Development

In 2015, it was in phase III clinical trials for ovarian cancer,^[9] BRAF mutant melanoma,^[10] and NRAS Q61 mutant melanoma.^[11]

In December 2015, the company announced that the mutant-NRAS melanoma trial was successful.^[12] In the trial, those receiving binimetinib had a median progression-free survival of 2.8 months versus 1.5 months for those on the standard dacarbazinetreatment.^[13] NDA submitted Jun 2016,^[14] and the FDA should decide by 30 June 2017.^[15]

In April 2016, it was reported that the phase III trial for low-grade ovarian cancer was terminated due to lack of efficacy.^[16]

Binimetinib was studied for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but a phase II trial did not show benefit.

In 2017, the FDA informed Array Biopharma that the phase III trial data was not sufficient and the New Drug Application was withdrawn.^[17]

In June 2018 it was approved for the treatment of certain melanomas by the FDA in combination with encorafenib.^[3]

Growth factor-mediated proliferative signals are transmitted from the extracellular environment to the nucleus through several pathways, including the RAS/RAF/ MEK pathway. The RAS/RAF/MEK kinase signal transduction pathway is activated through initial extracellular binding and stimulation of tyrosine receptor kinases (RTKs) by their respective cognate ligands. Upon autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the cytosolic domain of RTKs, the Grb2-Sos complex translocates to the plasma membrane, and converts the inactive RAS’GDP to active RAS’GTP. The interaction between the Grb2 docking protein and the activated kinases or the phosphorylated receptor associated proteins is mediated by the Src Homology (SH2) domain of the signaling protein that recognizes specific phosphotyrosine sequences. RAS undergoes a conformational change upon guanosine 5 ‘-triphosphate (GTP) binding and causes the recruitment of RAF- 1 to the cytoplasmic membrane where it is phosphorylated by several kinases and simultaneous disphosphorylated at key residues by protein phosphatase-2B. Activated RAF phosphorylates the mitogen- activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) on two serine residues in the activation loop, which results in the activation of this protein kinase. MEK then phosphorylates and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), allowing its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates transcriptional factors permitting the expression of a variety of genes.

The RAS/RAF/MEK signal transduction pathway is deregulated, often through mutations that result in ectopic protein activation, in roughly 1/3 of human cancers. This deregulation in turn results in a wide array of cellular changes that are integral to the etiology and maintenance of a cancerous phenotype including, but not limited to, the promotion of proliferation and evasion of apoptosis (Dhillon et al., Oncogene, 2007, 26: 3279-3290).

Accordingly, the development of small molecule inhibitors of key members of the RAS/ RAF/ MEK signal transduction pathway has been the subject of intense effort within the pharmaceutical industry and oncology community.

MEK is a major protein in the RAS/ RAF/ MEK pathway, which signals toward cell proliferation and survival, and frequently activated in tumors that have mutations in the RAS or RAF oncogenes or in growth receptor tyrosine kinases. MEK is a key player in the RAS/RAF/MEK pathway as it is downstream of RAS and RAF. Despite being only rarely mutated in cancer (Murugan et al., Cell Cycle, 2009, 8: 2122-2124; Sasaki et al., J. Thorac. Oncol., 2010, 5: 597-600), inhibitors of the MEK1 and MEK2 proteins have also been targeted for small molecule inhibition owing to their central position within the RAS/ RAF/ MEK signal transduction pathway signaling cascade (Fremin and Meloche, J. Hematol.

Oncol., 2010, 3:8). Recently a potent MEK inhibitor failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Haura et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 2010, 16: 2450-2457). The reason for failure in this trial is not clear.

6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (hereinafter, “Compound A”) is a benzimidazole compound that is a known potent and selective inhibitor of the MEK1 and MEK2 proteins, and useful in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, particularly cancer, in mammals. For example, in a recently published Phase I study of 28 patients suffering from unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic biliary cancer and who had received < 1 prior systemic therapy, oral Compound A treatment (60 mg twice daily) resulted in 1 complete regression, 1 partial regression and 11 stable disease diagnoses after at least 6 weeks of treatment (Finn et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 2012 (Supplement 4, 2012 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, Abstract No. 220). Compound A has also been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of patients with either BRAFV600 or NRAS-mutant melanoma (Ascierto et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 2012 (Supplement, 2012 ASCO Annual Meeting, Abstract No. 8511).

The compound, as well as a process for its preparation, is disclosed in PCT Pub. No. WO 03/077914

MEK-162, a potent, orally active MEK1/2 inhibitor, is in phase III clinical trials at Array BioPharma and licensee Novartis for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable cutaneous melanoma with NRAS mutations and in combination with LGX-818 in adult patients with BRAF V600. Phase III studies are also under way at Array BioPharma for the treatment of low grade serous carcinomas of the ovary, fallopian tube or primary peritoneum following at least one prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimen and no more than three lines of prior chemotherapy regimens. Novartis and Array BioPharma are also conducting phase II clinical studies for the treatment of locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic malignant cutaneous melanoma, harboring BRAFV600E mutations; in BRAF mutated melanoma in combination with AMG-479 and for the treatment of Noonan’s syndrome, and in non-small cell lung cancer harboring KRAS or EGFR mutation and in combination with erlotinib. MEK-162 is being evaluated in phase I/II as first line treatment of advanced biliary tract carcinoma and for the treatment of adult patients with mutant or wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer. The product is in early clinical trials at Array Biopharma for the treatment of biliary cancer.

According to Array, MEK-162 may also provide broad therapeutic benefits in the treatment of chronic degenerative diseases. However, a phase II trial for the treatment of stable rheumatoid arthritis (RA) did not meet its primary endpoint. Based on these data, the company focused development of MEK-162 solely in oncology.

In 2010, MEK-162 was licensed to Novartis by Array BioPharma for worldwide development. In 2013, orphan drug designation was assigned in Japan for the treatment of malignant melanoma with NRAS or BRAF V600 mutation.

WO-2014063024 DEALS WITH Preparation, crystalline forms, and formulations comprising binimetinib. Binimetinib is a MEK-1/2 inhibitor originally claimed in WO03077914, which Array and Novartis are developing for the treatment of cancer, including melanoma, low-grade serous ovarian cancer, and other solid tumors, as well as Noonan syndrome hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hepatic impairment. See also WO2014018725 for the most recent filing on the agent

SYNTHESIS

PATENT

WO 03/077914

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2003077914A1?cl=en

Schemes 1-4.

Scheme 1

Scheme la

Scheme 2

Scheme 3

17 18

Scheme 4

Scheme 5

General synthetic methods which may be referred to for preparing some of the compounds of the present invention are provided in PCT published application number WO 00/42022 (published July 20, 2000). The foregoing patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

similar ie chloro instead of fluoro

Example 52

6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide (lOcc) Step A: 3-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 2a

3-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-benzoic acid la (3.00 g, 15.6 mmol) is added to a stirred solution of concentrated H₂SO₄ (16 mL) and fuming nitric acid (0.85 mL, 20.3 mmol). After 3 hours a precipitate forms. The yellow slurry is poured onto ice water (100 mL). The aqueous mixture is extracted with diethyl ether (3x). The organic extracts are dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3.50 g (95%) of clean desired product as a pale yellow solid.

Step B: 4-Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3a

Ammonium hydroxide solution (6.88 g, -30% in water, 58.9 mmol) is added to a solution of 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 2a (3.5 g, 14.7 mmol) in water (16 mL) at 0 °C with stirring. Upon completion of the ammonium hydroxide addition the reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature. After 5 hours the reaction mixture is cooled to 0 °C and concentrated HCl is carefully added until the pH of the reaction mixture is near zero. The solid is collected by filtration and washed with water and diethyl ether. The solids are transferred to a round bottom flask as a solution in MeOH and EtOAc and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.96 g of a yellow solid. The filtrate is partitioned between diethyl ether and water and the organic layer is washed with brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na₂SO ) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 0.65 g of product. Recovered a total of 3.61 g (104%) of pure desired product, that is carried forward without further purification.

Step C: 4~Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 4a

To a stirred solution of 4-amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3a (3.61 g, 15.4 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and MeOH (10 mL), TMS diazomethane (9.23 mL, 2.0 M solution in hexanes, 18.5 mmol) is added. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture is concentrated via rotary evaporation with acetic acid in the trap. The recovered oily solid is triturated with diethyl ether to provide 1.51 g of a yellow solid. The filtrate is concentrated and triturated with diethyl ether to give an additional 0.69 g of yellow solid. A total of 2.20 g (57%) of pure desired product is recovered.

Step D: 4-Amino-3-chloro-5-nitro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 5c

4-Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 4a (2.20 g, 8.84 mmol) is suspended in MeOH (9.4 mL) and aniline (3.22 mL, 35.4 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated to reflux with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 19 hours, the reaction is complete. Distilled water (3.22 mL) is added to the reaction mixture and refluxing is continued for one hour. The reaction mixture is cooled to 0 °C in an ice bath for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture is filtered and washed with 3:10 distilled water/MeOH (65 mL total) and then with MeOH. The solid is dissolved with CH₂C1₂ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.40 g (84%) of pure desired product. MS APCI (-) m/z 320.3 (M-l) detected.

Step E: 4, 5-Diamino-3-chloro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 6b

4-Amino-3-chloro-5-nitro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 5c (0.50 g, 1.55 mmol) is dissolved into 2:1 EtOH/MeOH (15.5 mL). Saturated aqueous NH₄C1 (15 mL), Zn powder (1.02 g, 15.6 mmol), and THF (10 mL) are added. After stirring for 20 hours, the reaction mixture is diluted with CH C1₂/THF and water. The organic layer is washed with water (3x). The combined organic extracts are dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solids are triturated with ether to give 0.32 g (70%) clean desired product. Step F: 7-Chloro-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7c

4,5-Diamino-3-chloro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 6b (0.32 g, 1.09 mmol) and formamidine acetate (72 mg, 1.64 mmol) in EtOH (36 mL) are heated, with stirring, to 80 °C. After 44 hours, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc and washed with water (3x), saturated NaHCO₃, and brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 0.33 g (99%) clean desired product as a solid. MS APCI (+) m/z 302.3 (M+l) detected.

Step G: 6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8g

7-Chloro-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7c (0.327 g, 1.08 mmol) is dissolved into DMF (16 mL) and NBS (0.193 g, 1.08 mmol) is added. After one hour, the reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHSO₃. The reaction mixture is then partitioned between EtOAc/THF and water. The organic layer is washed with water and brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na₂SO ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The recovered solid is triturated with ether to give 0.225 g (54%) pure desired product. MS ESI (+) m/z 382, 384 (M+, Br pattern) detected.

Step H: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)- 7 -chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5 -carboxylic acid methyl ester lOdd 6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8g (0.225 g, 0.591 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and NCS (79 mg, 0.591 mmol) is added. After the NCS is in solution concentrated HCl (0.005 mL, 0.059 mmol) is added. After 2 hours, sodium bicarbonate, water and NaHSO₃ are added to the reaction mixture. Solids are filtered and washed with water and ether to give 0.141 g (57%) of clean desired product as a tan solid. MS APCI (-) m/z 414, 416 (M-, Br pattern) detected.

Step I: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester lOee

6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester lOdd (0.141 g, 0.34 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.141 g, 1.02 mmol), and iodomethane (0.063 mL, 1.02 mmol) are dissolved in dimethylformamide (3 mL). After 20 hours, the reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc and washed with water (3x), potassium carbonate, and brine. The organic layer is dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to a brown oil. The N3 and Nl alkylated regioisomers are separated by flash chromatography (EtOAc). The recovery of the N3 alkylated regioisomer is 20.4 mg (28%). MS ESI (+) m/z 428, 430 (M+, Br pattern) detected.

Step J: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid 10 ff

6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester lOee (21 mg, 0.048 mmol) is dissolved into 2:1 THF/water (1.2 mL) and NaOH (0.190 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.190 mmol) is added. After stirring for 4 hours the reaction is diluted with water and acidified to pH 2 by addition of 1.0 M HCl. The mixture is then extracted with 3:1 EtOAc/THF (3x), dried (Na₂SO ) and concentrated to give quantitative yield of desired prodcut as a white solid. MS APCI (+) m/z 414, 416 (M+, Br pattern) detected.

Step K: 6-(4-Bromo-2’chloro-phenylamino)- 7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy) -amide lOgg

6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid lOff (32 mg, 0.077 mmol), O-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-hydroxylamine (0.010 mL, 0.092 mmol), HOBt (13 mg, 0.093 mmol), triethylamine (0.011 mL, 0.077 mmol), and EDCI (19 mg, 0.10 mmol) are dissolved into dimethylformamide (1.0 mL) and allowed to stir under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc, washed with water (3x), 10% potassium carbonate (2x), saturated ammonium chloride, brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 39 mg of 85% pure material. MS APCI (-) m/z 497, 501 (M-, Br pattern) detected.

Step L: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide lOcc

Hydrochloric acid (0.78 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.78 mmol) is added to a suspension of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H- benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid lOgg (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide (39 mg, 0.078 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL). After one hour, the reaction mixture is neutralized to pH 7 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solids are dissolved in EtOAc, washed with brine, dried (Na SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography (20:1 CH₂Cl₂/MeOH) provides 9 mg (23%) of pure product: MS APCI (+) m/z 473, 475 (M+, Br pattern) detected; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1₃) δ 8.30 (s, IH), 8.08 (s, IH), 7.57

(d, IH), 7.15 (dd, IH), 6.21 (d, IH), 3.97 (s, 3H) 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.57 (m, 2H).

actual is below

Example 18

The following compounds are prepared by methods similar to those described in

Example 10 by using methyl ester 8d and the appropriate alkylating agent (Step A) and

the appropriate hydroxylamine (Step C):

PATENT

WO2014063024

http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=E10680BCA177F821C7FEFA1AFC44A438.wapp2nA?docId=WO2014063024&recNum=6&maxRec=53841&office=&prevFilter=%26fq%3DICF_M%3A%22C07D%22&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

COMPD A

Example 1. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-

In an inertized (N₂) reaction vessel at internal temperature 20°C and under exclusion of humidity and air, Compound 1 (1.0 eq.) and Compound 2 (1.2 eq.) are reacted in the presence of cesium carbonate (2.4 eq.), tris(dibenzylidenaceton) dipalladium(O) (0.035 eq.) and Xantphos (0.07 eq.) in a mixture of toluene and 1 ,4-dioxane at internal temperature of 99°C. After 8 hours, the mixture is cooled to internal temperature of 60°C.

Subsequently, dimethylformamide (DMF), filter aid (CEFOK) and activated charcoal (EKNS) are added, and the mixture is stirred and cooled to internal temperature of 35 °C. The solids are filtered off and washed with a mixture of dimethylformamide and toluene. To the filtrate, which contains the product Compound 3, is introduced at internal temperature of

25 °C hydrogen chloride gas (CLC) whereupon the HQ salt of Compound 3 crystallizes. The palladium residue mainly remains in solution. After warming to 60 °C and cooling to 0°C, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with a mixture of toluene and dimethylformamide.

The damp Compound 3 HC1 salt is charged to a reactor (equipped with pH probe) together with dimethylformamide and is heated to 60°C. By adding a 4 wt% of aqueous tripotassium phosphate solution, the pH is adjusted to a pH range of 6.8-7.6 (with a target of pH 7.2) while Compound 3 crystallizes as free base. After cooling to 22°C and stirring, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with drinking water. The moist solids are dried at 50 °C under vacuum to give dry, crude Compound 3.

In order to remove residual palladium, dry, crude Compound 3 is dissolved in dimethylformamide at internal temperature of 60°C and stirred together with Smopex-234 (commercially available from Johnson Matthey) and activated charcoal for 90 minutes. The solids are filtered off at internal temperature of 60°C and are washed with

dimethylformamide. To the filtrate are added drinking water and Compound 3 seed crystals. More drinking water is added while Compound 3 crystallizes. After cooling to internal temperature of 20 °C, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with a mixture of deionized water and dimethylformamide and with deionized water. The moist solids are dried at 50°C under vacuum, providing 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Compound 3).

Example 2. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide

A. “One-pot” Synthesis

In an inertized reaction vessel at internal temperature 20-25 °C under nitrogen, 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Compound 3, 1.0 eq.) is added to a mixture of DMF and THF. To this slurry, a solution of potassium trimethylsilanolate (1.05 eq.) in THF is added to the mixture at internal temperature of 25 °C over a period of about 40 minutes, and the resulting mixture is stirred for about 1 hour, providing a potassium salt solution of Intermediate 1. A THF/methanol mixture is then sequentially distilled off from the mixture at 85-120°C during about 2 hours.

The potassium salt solution is then added to a suspension of CDI (1.25 eq.) and imidazole hydrochloride (1.40 eq.) in THF at internal temperature of 25 °C over a period of about 1 hour. The resulting mixture is then stirred for approximately 1 hour at 50°C, and the following imidazolide intermediate

The imidazolide intermediate is not further isolated.

Subsequently, 1.2 eq. of 0-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)hydroxylamine (Compound 4, CAS No. 1023742-13-3, available from suppliers such as Huhu Technology, Inc.®) is added over a period of about 30 minutes at 50°C and stirred for 1.5 hours. Demineralized water is then added at 50°C, producing a precipitate. After cooling to 20°C and stirring for about 3-16 hours, the slurry is filtered off, washed with THF/ demineralized water (1 :2) in 2 portions and with demineralized water in three portions, and dried at 50°C / <70 mbar for about 17 hours, providing 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) as monohydrate.

B. A synthesis method with isolation of the intermediate of step a) from the reaction mixture of step a) prior to the reaction of step b)

Alternatively, 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5 -carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) can be made by the synthesis method as shown below. Compound 3, which is a methyl ester, is first converted to a carboxylic acid, which is then isolated by a crystallization to form Compound

6. Compound 6 is then coupled with Compound 4 to form Compound 5 as monohydrate.

The crystallization step in this method removes starting materials such as Compound 1, process impurities, and the dba ligand from the prior catalyst before the coupling reaction with Compound 4, and at the same time maintains the overall yield of the synthesis.

6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-memy acid In an inertized (N₂) reaction vessel at internal temperature of 60°C, Compound 3 (1.0 eq.) is dissolved in DMF and stirred with a fiber, which is sold under the trademark

SMOPEX 234, and activated charcoal for the removal of palladium to not more than 100 ppm. The fiber and activated charcoal are removed by filtration at 60°C and washed with DMF.

The filtrate (containing Compound 3) is transferred to a second inertized (N₂) reaction vessel and cooled to an internal temperature of 30°C. A thin suspension can form at this point of time. 30% sodium hydroxide (1.1 eq.) and water (for rinsing) are added, and the resulting reaction mixture is vigorously stirred for 3 hours at an internal temperature of 30 °C. The methyl ester is saponified. Conversion is checked by an IPC (HPLC). As soon as the IPC criterion is met, a filter aid, which is sold under the trademark HYFLO, is added. The mixture is stirred for 15 minutes and then filtered at 30°C via a plate filter and polish filter to a third reaction inertized (N₂) vessel.

An aqueous HC1 solution 7.5 % is added to the clear filtrate in the third vessel at an internal temperature of 30 °C until a pH value of 8 is reached. Then the solution is seeded at an internal temperature of 30°C with Compound 6, and an aqueous HC1 solution 7.5 % is added under vigorous stirring until a pH value of pH 2.8 is reached. The product gradually crystalizes. The suspension is cooled over 60 min to an internal temperature of 25 °C and

water is added. The suspension is stirred for at least 4 hours at an internal temperature of 25°C.

The resulting solid is collected by centrifugation or filtration. The filter cake is first washed with DMF/water 1 :1 (w/w) and then with water, discharged and dried in a vacuum at 50°C. The water content is controlled by IPC. The crystalline product Compound 6 is discharged as soon as the IPC criterion is met.

6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid- (2-tert-butoxyethoxy) – amide

An inertized (N₂) reaction vessel is charged with Compound 6 (1.0 eq.), DMF, and

THF at room temperature. The suspension is heated to 25 °C under stirring with flow of nitrogen. After CDI (1.13 eq.) is added, the suspension can get thinner and slight evolution of gases can be observed. After the suspension finally becomes a solution, it is then monitored by IPC (HPLC).

As soon as the IPC (HPLC) criterion is met, the reaction mixture is heated to 50°C over 20 minutes and imidazole hydrochloride (0.3 eq.) is added, forming a solution of

Intermediate 2.

To the solution of Intermediate 2, Compound 4 (1.3 eq.) is added over 60 minutes at internal temperature of 50°C under stirring at a speed of 300 rpm with flow of nitrogen. As soon as the IPC (HPLC) criterion is met, the mixture is cooled to 20-25 °C over 30 minutes. The mixture is then stored at ambient temperature overnight under nitrogen without stirring. DMF is added to the mixture followed by heating it to 50 °C over 30 minutes. Complete conversion of Intermediate 2 to Compound 5 is confirmed by IPC (HPLC).

Water is added to the mixture at internal temperature of 50 °C over 20 minutes. Then the solution is seeded with Compound 5. After stirring at 50 °C for 60 minutes, more water is added to the suspension at 50 °C over 90 minutes. After vigorous stirring, the suspension is cooled to 20 °C over 2 hours and filtered. The filter cake is washed twice with THF/water (v/v: 1 :2) at 20 °C, and twice with water at 20 °C. Finally, the filter cake is dried at 50 °C under vacuum to provide 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) as monohydrate.

Example 3. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A)

Compound 5 Compound A

6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) monohydrate is added in 3 portions to a premixed solution of Acetonitrile and excess Phosphoric acid (85 % aqueous solution) at internal temperature 20-25 °C. After stirring for about 15 minutes, the suspension is heated to internal temperature 50-53 °C. The suspension is maintained at this temperature for 6 hours, cooled to internal temperature 20-25 °C. The mixture is then heated to internal temperature 35-37°C and diluted with Ethanol- Water (3 :1 v/v). EKNS and CEFOK are added, the reaction mixture is stirred approximately 15 minutes and filtered over a funnel coated with CEFOK. The filtrate is cooled to approximately 30°C. 3 N aqueous potassium hydroxide (ΚΟΗ) is added to the cooled filtrate over a period of 90 minutes until a pH- value of about 8.1 is reached. The suspension is heated to internal temperature 60-63 °C, stirred at this temperature for a period of about 2 hours, cooled to 20-23 °C over a period of about 45 minutes, filtered over a funnel, and dried at 50°C pressure <100 mbar over a period of about 17 hours, providing 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A) as a white powder.

Example 4. Preparation of Crystallized 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A) In a dry vessel at room temperature, Compound A is added to a premixed solvent solution of methanol/THF/water (35/35/30 w/w). The suspension is heated to internal temperature 53-55°C, and the resulting solution is hot filtered by deep and membrane filtration (via a paper filter and PTFE membrane) at internal temperature 53-56°C. The clear solution is stirred and cooled to 47-48°C, and the seed crystals suspension (i.e., seed crystals of crystallized Compound A in water, 10% m/m) is added (0.2 to 0.5% of crystallized Compound A expected yield mass). After about 20 minutes, water is slowly added within 25 hours (33.3% within 15 hours and 66.6% within 10 hours with at least 10 minute stirring after addition of water) to obtain a final ratio of methanol THF/water (20/20/60 w/w). After the water is added, the suspension is cooled down to internal temperature 3-5 °C within 10 hours and stirred for 0.5 hours. The white suspension is filtered over a sinter glass nutsche (75 ml, diameter = 6 cm, pore 3) suction filter and washed once with ice cold methanol/THF/water (15/15/70 w/w at 2-4 °C), and two times with ice cold water (2-4 °C). Drying takes place in a vacuum oven dryer at 20°C for 10 hours, and then at 40°C for 10 hours, and then at 60°C for at least 12 hours with pressure < lOmbar, providing crystallized Compound A.

CLIP

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_de171b9b0101dvov.html

CLIP

https://www.pharmacodia.com/yaodu/html/v1/chemicals/675f9820626f5bc0afb47b57890b466e.html

References

Jump up^ “Binimetinib”. Array Biopharma.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Koelblinger P, Dornbierer J, Dummer R (August 2017). “A review of binimetinib for the treatment of mutant cutaneous melanoma”. Future Oncology. 13 (20): 1755–1766. doi:10.2217/fon-2017-0170. PMID 28587477.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and. “Approved Drugs – FDA approves encorafenib and binimetinib in combination for unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF mutations”. http://www.fda.gov. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
Jump up^ Wu PK, Park JI (December 2015). “MEK1/2 Inhibitors: Molecular Activity and Resistance Mechanisms”. Seminars in Oncology. 42 (6): 849–62. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.023. PMC 4663016 . PMID 26615130.
Jump up^ “Binimetinib”. PubChem.
Jump up^ Ascierto PA, Schadendorf D, Berking C, Agarwala SS, van Herpen CM, Queirolo P, Blank CU, Hauschild A, Beck JT, St-Pierre A, Niazi F, Wandel S, Peters M, Zubel A, Dummer R (March 2013). “MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study”. The Lancet. Oncology. 14(3): 249–56. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70024-X. PMID 23414587.
Jump up^ Mehdizadeh A, Somi MH, Darabi M, Jabbarpour-Bonyadi M (February 2016). “Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 in cancer therapy: a focus on hepatocellular carcinoma”. Molecular Biology Reports. 43 (2): 107–16. doi:10.1007/s11033-016-3943-9. PMID 26767647.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Woodfield SE, Zhang L, Scorsone KA, Liu Y, Zage PE (March 2016). “Binimetinib inhibits MEK and is effective against neuroblastoma tumor cells with low NF1 expression”. BMC Cancer. 16: 172. doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2199-z. PMC 4772351 . PMID 26925841.
Jump up^ Clinical trial number NCT01849874 for “A Study of MEK162 vs. Physician’s Choice Chemotherapy in Patients With Low-grade Serous Ovarian, Fallopian Tube or Peritoneal Cancer” at ClinicalTrials.gov
Jump up^ Clinical trial number NCT01909453 for “Study Comparing Combination of LGX818 Plus MEK162 Versus Vemurafenib and LGX818 Monotherapy in BRAF Mutant Melanoma (COLUMBUS)” at ClinicalTrials.gov
Jump up^ Clinical trial number NCT01763164 for “Study Comparing the Efficacy of MEK162 Versus Dacarbazine in Unresectable or Metastatic NRAS Mutation-positive Melanoma” at ClinicalTrials.gov
Jump up^ Hufford A (December 2015). “Array BioPharma Has Successful Trial for Cancer Drug Binimetinib”. Wall Street Journal.
Jump up^ “Array BioPharma announces Phase 3 binimetinib trial meets primary endpoint for NRAS-mutant melanoma”. Metro Denver. December 2015.
Jump up^ Array Bio submits marketing application in U.S. for lead product candidate in certain type of melanoma. June 2016
Jump up^ House DW (1 September 2016). “FDA accepts Array Bio’s NDA for binimetinib, action date June 30”. Seeking Alpha.
Jump up^ House DW (1 April 2016). “Array bags Phase 3 study of binimetinib in ovarian cancer; shares down 4%”. Seeking Alpha.
Jump up^ Adams B (20 March 2017). “Losing Nemo: Array pulls skin cancer NDA for binimetinib”. Fierce Biotech.

Binimetinib
Clinical data

ATC code	L01XE41 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	Investigational
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	606143-89-9
PubChem CID	10288191
DrugBank	DB11967
ChemSpider	8463660
KEGG	D10604
ChEMBL	CHEMBL3187723
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₇H₁₅BrF₂N₄O₃
Molar mass	441.23 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

Koelblinger P, Dornbierer J, Dummer R: A review of binimetinib for the treatment of mutant cutaneous melanoma. Future Oncol. 2017 Aug;13(20):1755-1766. doi: 10.2217/fon-2017-0170. Epub 2017 Jun 7. [PubMed:28587477]
Queirolo P, Spagnolo F: Binimetinib for the treatment of NRAS-mutant melanoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2017 Nov;17(11):985-990. doi: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1374177. Epub 2017 Sep 8. [PubMed:28851243]
Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Ascierto PA, Arance A, Dutriaux C, Di Giacomo AM, Rutkowski P, Del Vecchio M, Gutzmer R, Mandala M, Thomas L, Demidov L, Garbe C, Hogg D, Liszkay G, Queirolo P, Wasserman E, Ford J, Weill M, Sirulnik LA, Jehl V, Bozon V, Long GV, Flaherty K: Binimetinib versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced NRAS-mutant melanoma (NEMO): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Apr;18(4):435-445. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30180-8. Epub 2017 Mar 9. [PubMed:28284557]
Bendell JC, Javle M, Bekaii-Saab TS, Finn RS, Wainberg ZA, Laheru DA, Weekes CD, Tan BR, Khan GN, Zalupski MM, Infante JR, Jones S, Papadopoulos KP, Tolcher AW, Chavira RE, Christy-Bittel JL, Barrett E, Patnaik A: A phase 1 dose-escalation and expansion study of binimetinib (MEK162), a potent and selective oral MEK1/2 inhibitor. Br J Cancer. 2017 Feb 28;116(5):575-583. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2017.10. Epub 2017 Feb 2. [PubMed:28152546]
Gardner AM, Vaillancourt RR, Lange-Carter CA, Johnson GL: MEK-1 phosphorylation by MEK kinase, Raf, and mitogen-activated protein kinase: analysis of phosphopeptides and regulation of activity. Mol Biol Cell. 1994 Feb;5(2):193-201. [PubMed:8019005]
Wang ZQ, Wu DC, Huang FP, Yang GY: Inhibition of MEK/ERK 1/2 pathway reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 expression in focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 2004 Jan 16;996(1):55-66. [PubMed:14670631]
Cancer.gov link [Link]
FDA approves encorafenib and binimetinib in combination for unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF mutations [Link]
A phase 1 dose-escalation and expansion study of binimetinib (MEK162), a potent and selective oral MEK1/2 inhibitor [Link]
Binimetinib inhibits MEK and is effective against neuroblastoma tumor cells with low NF1 expression [Link]
Binimetinib [File]
EMA assessment [File]

/////////////BINIMETINIB, FDA 2018, MEK-162, биниметиниб , بينيميتينيب , 美替尼 , ビニメチニブ , 606143-89-9 , 9764, ARRY-162, ARRY-438162, NVP-MEK162

CN1C=NC2=C(F)C(NC3=CC=C(Br)C=C3F)=C(C=C12)C(=O)NOCCO

https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i23/Array-licenses-cancer-compounds-Ono.html

The structure of binimetinib.

Array BioPharma has licensed Japan’s Ono Pharmaceutical the right to develop two late-stage oncology compounds, binimetinib and encorafenib, in Japan and South Korea. Array will get $32 million up front and up to $156 million in milestone payments. The compounds are in Phase III studies of patients with BRAF-mutant cancers. Array recently struck a deal to assess binimetinib with two Bristol-Myers Squibb immuno-oncology agents.

Cenegermin

August 23, 2018 9:01 am / Leave a comment

http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/druginformation/issues/77_INN_Recommended_List.pdf

Active Substance General information The active substance in Oxervate, cenegermin, is a recombinant human Nerve Growth factor (rhNGF) produced in E. coli strain HMS174. The molecule is identical to human Nerve Growth factor (NGF), a naturally occurring human protein. In humans, NGF is naturally produced as pre-pro-peptide, secreted into the endoplasmic reticulum and cleaved by furin protease. The pro-sequence is further cleaved during the production process by enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore these two amino acid changes have no influence on the final active ingredient (rhNGF), which is identical to the naturally secreted human protein. The 3D structure of rhNGF is a non-covalent dimer with three intra-molecular disulphide bridges. Cenegermin contains 118 amino acids and has a relative molecular mass of 13,266 Daltons and the following molecular formula: C583H908N166O173S8. Figure 1 shows the protein sequence of recombinant human ProNGFrh ProNGF (Figure 1A), and a map of the disulphide bridges (Figure IB):

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/004209/WC500232107.pdf

Cenegermin sequence:
	SSSHPIFHRGEFSVCDSVSVWVGDKTTATDIKGKEVMVLGEVNIN
	NSVFKQYFFETKCRDPNPVDSGCRGIDSKHWNSYCTTTHTFVKAL
	TMDGKQAAWRFIRIDTACVCVLSRKAVR

CAS 1772578-74-1

rhNGF, Nerve growth factor – Anabasis/Dompe; Oxervate; Sentinel

UNII B6E7K36KT8

OriginatorAnabasis Pharma
DeveloperDompe Farmaceutici; Ospedale San Raffaele
ClassEye disorder therapies; Nerve growth factors; Neuroprotectants; Proteins
Mechanism of ActionNerve growth factor receptor agonists; Neuron stimulants

Orphan Drug StatusYes – Keratitis; Retinitis pigmentosa
Highest Development Phases

RegisteredKeratitis
Phase II Dry eyes; Glaucoma; Retinitis pigmentosa
APPROVED FDA AUG 2018

Most Recent Events

28 Jul 2018No recent reports of development identified for phase-I development in Glaucoma in Italy (Ophthalmic, Drops)
29 May 2018Phase-II clinical trials in Glaucoma (Ophthalmic) (http://www.dompe.com/RnD-Pipeline/)
01 May 2018Dompé Farmaceutici completes a phase I trial in Glaucoma in USA (Ophthalmic) (NCT02855450)

Cenegermin (planned brand names Oxervate, Sentinel), also known as recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF), is a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor (NGF). It was approved in the European Union as an eye drop formulation for the treatment of moderate or severe neurotrophic keratitis in adults on 6 July 2017.^[2]^[3]^[1] As a recombinant form of NGF, cenegermin is a peripherally selective agonist of the TrkA and LNGFR (p75^NTR) which must be administered parenterally.^[3] In addition to neurotrophic keratitis, cenegermin is also under development for the treatment of dry eyes, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma.^[3] It was developed by Anabasis Pharma, Dompé Farmaceutici, and Ospedale San Raffaele.^[3]

Cenegermin is a human beta-nerve growth factor (beta-ngf)-(1-118)- peptide (non-covalent dimer) produced in escherichia coli. It received European Union Approval in July, 2017 for the treatment of moderate to severe neurotrophic keratitis.

In 2013, orphan drug designations in the E.U. and in the U.S. were assigned to the candidate for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. The product was granted additional orphan drug designation for the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis in the U.S. and the E.U. in 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Cenegermin, a recombinant human nerve growth factor developed by Dompé was first approved in July 2017 in the E.U. for the treatment of moderate to severe neurotrophic keratitis (NK) in adults

Clip

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved the first drug, Oxervate (cenegermin), for the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis, a rare disease affecting the cornea (the clear layer that covers the colored portion of the front of the eye).

“While the prevalence of neurotrophic keratitis is low, the impact of this serious condition on an individual patient can be devastating,” said Wiley Chambers, M.D., an ophthalmologist in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “In the past, it has often been necessary to turn to surgical interventions; these treatments are usually only palliative in this disease. Today’s approval provides a novel topical treatment and a major advance that offers complete corneal healing for many of these patients.”

https://www.google.com/url?q=http://s2027422842.t.en25.com/e/er?utm_campaign%3D08222018_PR_FDA%2520approves%2520first%2520drug%2520for%2520neurotrophic%2520keratitis%252C%2520a%2520rare%2520eye%2520disease%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3DEloqua%26s%3D2027422842%26lid%3D4713%26elqTrackId%3DC22865DD7E070AB9F5658E5AEFE1B4C1%26elq%3D520832910427454e861916aa20d7465e%26elqaid%3D4737%26elqat%3D1&source=gmail&ust=1535072157500000&usg=AFQjCNF9UsBx0Z1-gn1IkMV45k4kZKbvwA

August 22, 2018

Release

Neurotrophic keratitis is a degenerative disease resulting from a loss of corneal sensation. The loss of corneal sensation impairs corneal health causing progressive damage to the top layer of the cornea, including corneal thinning, ulceration, and perforation in severe cases. The prevalence of neurotrophic keratitis has been estimated to be less than five in 10,000 individuals.

The safety and efficacy of Oxervate, a topical eye drop containing cenegermin, was studied in a total of 151 patients with neurotrophic keratitis in two, eight-week, randomized controlled multi-center, double-masked studies. In the first study, patients were randomized into three different groups. One group received Oxervate, a second group received an eye drop with a different concentration of cenegermin, and the third group received an eye drop without cenegermin. In the second study, patients were randomized into two groups. One group was treated with Oxervate eye drops and the other group was treated with an eye drop without cenegermin. All eye drops in both studies were given six times daily in the affected eye(s) for eight weeks. In the first study, only patients with the disease in one eye were enrolled, while in the second study, patients with the disease in both eyes were treated in both eyes (bilaterally). Across both studies, complete corneal healing in eight weeks was demonstrated in 70 percent of patients treated with Oxervate compared to 28 percent of patients treated without cenegermin (the active ingredient in Oxervate).

The most common adverse reactions in patients taking Oxervate are eye pain, ocular hyperemia (enlarged blood vessels in the white of the eyes), eye inflammation and increased lacrimation (watery eyes).

Oxervate was granted Priority Review designation, under which the FDA’s goal is to take action on an application within six months of application filing where the agency determines that the drug, if approved, would provide a significant improvement in the safety or effectiveness of the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a serious condition. Oxervate also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

The FDA granted approval of Oxervate to Dompé farmaceutici SpA.

Cenegermin
Clinical data
Trade names	Oxervate, Sentinel
Synonyms	Recombinant human nerve growth factor; rhNGF; human beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF)-(1-118) peptide (non-covalent dimer) produced in Escherichia coli^[1]
Routes of administration	Eye drops
ATC code	S01XA24 (WHO)
Identifiers
CAS Number	1772578-74-1
DrugBank	DB13926
ChemSpider	None
UNII	B6E7K36KT8
KEGG	D11028
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₅₈₃H₉₀₈N₁₆₆O₁₇₃S₈
Molar mass	13266.94 g/mol

References

^ Jump up to:^a ^bhttp://www.who.int/medicines/publications/druginformation/issues/77_INN_Recommended_List.pdf
Jump up^ “Authorisation details”. European Medicines Agency. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800035751

External links

////////////fda 2018, Oxervate, cenegermin, orphan drug, priority review, EU 2017, DOMPE, neurotrophic keratitis

FDA approves first drug Oxervate (cenegermin) for neurotrophic keratitis, a rare eye disease

August 23, 2018 1:00 am / Leave a comment

August 22, 2018

Release

The FDA granted approval of Oxervate to Dompé farmaceutici SpA.

/////////////fda 2018, Oxervate, cenegermin, orphan drug, priority review

USFDA has released GUIDANCE for Quality Attributes of *CHEWABLE TABLETS

August 22, 2018 11:48 am / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

Image result for Quality Attributes of *CHEWABLE TABLETS

*CQAs of CHEWABLE TABLETS (CT)*

USFDA has released GUIDANCE for Quality Attributes of *CHEWABLE TABLETS*

According to this latest guideline, FDA has recommended sponsor/applicant should also incorporate following CQAs:

*1. PATIENT ACCEPTABILITY*

Acceptable Taste, Mouthfeel & Aftertaste With-

*2. HARDNESS / BREAKING FORCE / CRUSHING STRENGTH*

Hardness of CTshould be kept low (i.e. <12 kp).

A higher hardness value (e.g., >12 kp) may be considered if justified. An example of such justification could be demonstrating significant disintegration and/or reduction in hardness of such tablets following brief i.e. 30 seconds in-vitro exposure to simulated saliva (1 mL) before chewing to ensure patient compliance without GI obstruction (choking in throat / blocking bowel movement) in the case if patient swallow tablet without chewing due to high hardness

*3. CHEWING DIFFICULTY INDEX*

CDI is a value derived from the relationship between two methods used for measuring tablet strength: diametral compression (diametrical tensile strength)…

View original post 109 more words

Ambrisentan, أمبريسنتان , 安立生坦 ,アンブリセンタン

August 18, 2018 10:05 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | ambrisentan | C22H22N2O4

Ambrisentan

BSF-208075; LU-208075

(+)-(2S)-2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid

Molecular FormulaC₂₂H₂₂N₂O₄
Average mass378.421 Da

(2S)-2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid

177036-94-1 [RN]

8128

HW6NV07QEC

أمبريسنتان [Arabic] [INN]

安立生坦 [Chinese] [INN]

QA-7701

UNII:HW6NV07QEC

BSF208075

Letairis

Letairis®

LU208075

Trade Name：Letairis^® / Volibris^®

MOA：Type A endothelin receptor (ETA) antagonist

Indication：Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Company：Abbott (Originator) , Gilead,GlaxoSmithKline

アンブリセンタン
Ambrisentan

C₂₂H₂₂N₂O₄ : 378.42
[177036-94-1

Ambrisentan (U.S. trade name Letairis; E.U. trade name Volibris; India trade name Pulmonext by MSN labs) is a drug indicated for use in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

The peptide endothelin constricts muscles in blood vessels, increasing blood pressure. Ambrisentan, which relaxes those muscles, is an endothelin receptor antagonist, and is selective for the type A endothelin receptor (ET_A).^[1] Ambrisentan significantly improved exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance) compared with placebo in two double-blind, multicenter trials (ARIES-1 and ARIES-2).^[2]

Ambrisentan was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency, and designated an orphan drug, for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Ambrisentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist used in the therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Ambrisentan has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has yet to be implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Ambrisentan was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Jun 15, 2007, then approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on Apr 21, 2008 and approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Jul 23, 2010. In 2000, Abbott, originator of ambrisentan, granted Myogen (acquired by Gilead in 2006) a license to the compound for the treatment of PAH. In 2006, GlaxoSmithKline obtained worldwide rights to market the compound for PAH worldwide, with the exception of the U.S. It is marketed as Letairis^® by Gilead in US.

Ambrisentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist, and is selective for the type A endothelin receptor (ETA). It is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) to improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with WHO Functional Class II-III symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (64%) or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (32%).

Letairis^® is available as film-coated tablet for oral use, containing 5 or 10 mg of free Ambrisentan. The recommended starting dose is 5 mg once daily with or without food, and increase the dose to 10 mg once daily if 5 mg is tolerated.

Recent Developments and Publications

Last Updated 9/2/2015
8/15/2015Reprod. Toxicol.	Endothelin receptor activation mediates strong pulmonary vasoconstriction and positive inotropic effect on the heart. These physiologic effects are vital for the development of the fetal cardiopulmonary system. As such, endothelin receptor antagonists such as Ambrisentan are teratogenic.^[8]
8/27/2015NEJM	Ambrisentan when used in combination therapy with Tadalafil was found to be more efficacious in treating treatment naive patients with WHO class II or III Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension than monotherapy using either drug.^[9]

Approval Date	Approval Type	Trade Name	Indication	Dosage Form	Strength	Company	Review Classification
2007-06-15	Marketing approval	Letairis	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Tablet, Film coated	5 mg/10 mg	Gilead	Priority; Orphan

Approval Date	Approval Type	Trade Name	Indication	Dosage Form	Strength	Company	Review Classification
2008-04-21	Marketing approval	Volibris	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Tablet, Film coated	5 mg/10 mg	GlaxoSmithKline	Orphan

Approval Date	Approval Type	Trade Name	Indication	Dosage Form	Strength	Company	Review Classification
2010-07-23	Marketing approval	Volibris	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Tablet, Film coated	2.5 mg	GlaxoSmithKline

Approval Date	Approval Type	Trade Name	Indication	Dosage Form	Strength	Company	Review Classification
2010-10-19	Marketing approval	凡瑞克/Volibris	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Tablet	5 mg	GlaxoSmithKline
2010-10-19	Marketing approval	凡瑞克/Volibris	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Tablet	10 mg	GlaxoSmithKline

Clinical uses

Ambrisentan is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group 1) in patients with WHO class II or III symptoms to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening.

Image result for ambrisentan

Birth defects

Endothelin receptor activation mediates strong pulmonary vasoconstriction and positive inotropic effect on the heart. These physiologic effects are vital for the development of the fetal cardiopulmonary system. In addition to this, endothelin receptors are also known to play a role in neural crest cell migration, growth, and differentiation. As such, endothelin receptor antagonists such as Ambrisentan are known to be teratogenic.

Ambrisentan has a high risk of liver damage, and of birth defects if a woman becomes pregnant while taking it. In the U.S., doctors who prescribe it, and patients who take it, must enroll in a special program, the LETAIRIS Education and Access Program (LEAP), to learn about those risks. Ambrisentan is available only through specialty pharmacies.

External links

Letairis website run by Gilead Sciences
Prescribing information
Information on the LETAIRIS Education and Access Program (LEAP)

PATENT

WO9611914A1 / US7109205B2.

WO2010070658A2 / US2011263854A1.

WO2011004402A2 / US2012184573A1.

WO2013030410A2 / US2014011992A1.

CN103709106A.

CN103420811A.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2012167406A1/en

Ambrisentan and darusentan first reported in U. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 2123-2128), as a selective antagonist of endothelin receptor A, followed by their pharmacological properties have been studied further, published in J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 2123-2128), US patent US 5932730, WO 2009/017777 A2 in. The formula (I), when R is methyl, Chinese name is (+) – ambrisentan, Chinese chemical name is (+) – (2S) -2 – [(4, 6- dimethyl-pyrimidine 2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionic acid; English name is (+) – ambrisentan, English name: (S) -2- (4,6-dimethylpyrimidin -2-yloxy) -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid; when R is methoxy, Chinese as (+) – darusentan, Chinese chemical name is (+) – (2S) -2- [ (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionic acid; English name is (+ darusentan, English name: (S) – . 2- (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy) -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid ambrisentan now been approved by the FDA in the United States, the trade name Letairis, for the oral treatment of pulmonary hypertension; up Lu bosentan new drugs may be resistant hypertension (Resistant hypertension) of.

Existing ambrisentan or darusentan synthetic techniques include benzophenone Darzens reaction of an epoxy compound and a racemic methyl chloroacetate, the racemic epoxide opening catalyst in a solution of boron trifluoride diethyl ether ring to give the chiral alcohol latent after substitution reaction and then after hydrolysis reaction ambrisentan or darusentan. Existing obtained optically pure (+) – ambrisentan or (+) – darusentan methods rely mainly on resolution techniques. For example, the split is by a latent chiral alcohol or R- L- proline methyl phenethylamine, see WO 2010/070658 A2, WO 2011/004402 A2. It is well known as chiral utilization of raw materials is not high, resulting in increased costs, limiting industrial-scale applications.

Example 1, (+) – ambrisentan ((2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionic acid) of

Preparation of 3,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxy-propionate (1) (2S)

As indicated above Formula Scheme, wherein, Ph is phenyl; Ac is acetyl;

To a 50 L reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer was added 3.0 L of acetonitrile was dissolved in 3,3-diphenyl acrylate (0.536 mol, 135.0 g), was dissolved in 1.5 L of acetonitrile to give a concentration of 0.12 M ⁴ M ethylenediamine of formula (IV) shown fructose derived chiral ketones and tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate (36 mmol, 12.2 g), was then added containing 3.0 L Ι χ ΙΟ “an aqueous solution of disodium ; cooling liquid into the reaction vessel dissection, the kettle temperature adjusted to -5 ° C- + 5 ° C; was added in batches with stirring pulverized with the pulverizer medicine through a 1.85 kg potassium hydrogen sulfate complex salt mixture (Oxone®), and 0.78 kg NaHCO ₃ (9.29mol), and takes about 4.5 hours complete addition of the above mixture, after the addition the reaction mixture was continued stirring the reaction under this condition (in the system, 3,3- diphenyl acrylate, over a potassium bisulfate salts and complexes of formula molar ratio of fructose derived chiral ketone (IV) is shown in h 5: 0.34), and the timing detection reactions by gas chromatography; the end of the reaction after 5 hours , 5.0 L of water was added to dilute the reaction solution, and extracted with 5.0 L of ethyl acetate; the aqueous phase was added 2.5 L of acetic Extracted with ethyl; organic phases were combined and concentrated to remove the solvent to give homogeneous Qing 162.56 g (2S) -3,3- diphenyl-2,3-epoxy-propionate, crude yield greater than 99%, No purification processing the next reaction, nuclear magnetic conversion was 92%, measured by HPLC enantiomeric excess of 86.9%, Analytical conditions: column model Chiralcel OD-H, n has a volume ratio of the embankment and isopropanol 98: 2 analysis of wavelength 210 nm, the mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL / min, t! = 9.5 min, t 2 = 13.01 min, 86.9% ee.

IR (fi lm) 1760, 1731 cm- 1; ¾ NMR [400 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 7.46-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 8H), 3.99 (m, 3H), 0.96 (t , J = 7.2Hz, 3H); 13 C NMR [100 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 166.99, 138.98, 135.62, 128.67, 128.53, 128.36, 128.13, 127.04, 66.57, 62.16, 61.43, 13.96.

(2) (2S) -2-phenyl-3,3-hydroxy-3-methoxy propionate

The step (1) 162.56 g obtained in unpurified (2S) – 3,3-diphenyl acrylate epoxy crude compound was dissolved in 100 mL of methanol, 1 mL of boron trifluoride etherate ((2S ) – mole fraction of ethylene-3,3-diphenyl acrylate and boron trifluoride diethyl ether ratio of 1: 0.013) for the epoxy ring opening reaction; after controlling the reaction temperature is 20 ° C, reacted for 8 hours , the reaction solution was concentrated, ethyl acetate and aqueous extraction of the reaction solution after the ethyl acetate was concentrated to give 166.0 g of intermediate (2S) -2- hydroxy-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl acetic acid ester, crude yield of 92%, measured by high performance liquid enantiomeric excess of 86.9%, Analytical conditions: column model Chiralcel OD-H, n-and isopropyl alcohol embankment has a volume ratio of 98: 2, the wavelength analysis 210 nm, mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL / min,

_{min, t 2 = 14.51 min,} 85.8% ee .;

IR (film) 1769, 1758 cm “1; 1H NMR [400 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 7.50-7.28 (m, 10H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 4.10 (t, 2H), 3.20 (s, J = 7.2Hz, 3H), 3.03 (s , 1H), 1.17 (t, J = 7.2Hz, 3H); 13 C NMR [100 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 172.48, 141.13, 140.32, 128.97, 128.73, 128.99, 127.81, 127.76, 127.62, 85.01, 77.42, 61.76, 52.62, 14.07.

-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionate (3) (2S) -2- [- oxo – dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)]

Step (2) obtained in 166.0 g of intermediate (2S) -2- hydroxy-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionate were added N, N- dimethylformamide 750 mL , potassium carbonate 45.54 g, was added 4,6-dimethyl after stirring for about half an hour 2-methanesulfonyl-pyrimidin nucleophilic substitution reaction at 80 ° C in an oil bath, the system, (2S) -2- hydroxy -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-ethyl, 4,6-dimethyl-2 molar fraction ratio methylsulfonylpyrimidine and potassium carbonate is 1: 1.2: 0.6; nuclear magnetic after complete consumption of starting material was monitored after about 3 hours, water was added and the reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate layer was concentrated to give 237.70 g of intermediate (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl ) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionate, crude yield greater than 99%, measured by HPLC enantiomeric excess of 85.9%, Analytical conditions: column Chiralcel OD model volume -H, isopropanol and n has embankment ratio of 98: 2, analysis wavelength was 210 nm, the mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL / min, t ^ lO.15 min, t 2 = 11.87 min, 85.9% ee .

IR (film) 1750cm “VH NMR [400 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 7.45 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.19 (m, 7H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.12 ( s, 1H), 4.01-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 3H) 2.38 (s, 6H), 0.93 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H); 13 C NMR _{[100 MHz, CDC1 3] δ} 169.51, 168.70, 163.86, 142.50, 141.29, 128.54, 128.03, 127.97, 127.94, 127.47, 127.40, 115.03, 83.76, 79.23, 77.43, 60.66, 53.92, 23.99, 13.93;. Anal Calcd For _{C 24 H 26 N 2 O 4}: C, 70.92; H, 6.45; N, 6.89 Found:. C, 70.72; H, 6.47; N, 6.83.

(4) (28) -2 – [(4,6-dimethyl-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionic acid ((+) – Abe Students Tanzania) preparation

To step (3) 237.7 g of the intermediate obtained (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionate was dissolved in 1.2 L of organic solvent is 1,4-dioxane was added 600 mL of an aqueous solution containing 92.3 g of sodium hydroxide (wherein, (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionate and sodium hydroxide molar fraction ratio of 1: 4), the reaction temperature was 80 ° C, the reaction after 8 hours, the reaction solution was concentrated, using (1 L, 0.5 L, 0.5 L) and extracted with ether to remove organic impurities, the aqueous phase was extracted after addition of hydrochloric acid to adjust pH 3, large amount of solid appears; then the aqueous phase was added 1.0 L ethyl acetate, filtered to remove insolubles (insolubles which was found after analysis racemic ambrisentan, 23.37 g), the organic layer was concentrated, i.e., optically pure can be obtained 103.9 g (+) – ambrisentan, from 3 , 3-diphenyl acrylate departure, the optically pure (+) – ambrisentan, a yield of 52.3%. A small amount of the obtained reaction with ambrisentan diazo embankment derived (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3 methyl diphenyl measured enantiomeric excess ambrisentan. (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionic acid methyl ester: HPLC measured enantiomer excess of 99.1%, Analytical conditions: column model Chiralcel OD-H, n has a volume ratio of isopropanol embankment 98:! 2, analysis wavelength was 210 nm, the mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL / min, t = _{11.61 min, t 2 = 14.05 min} , 99.1% ee.

_{^{[a] D 25 = + 174.2}}(c = 0.5, MeOH); mp> 150 ° C turns yellow,> 180 ° C into a black, 182 ° C melt; 1H NMR [400 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 7.43 ( d, J = Hz, 2H) , 7.29-7.19 (m, 8H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H) 2.31 (s, 6H); 13 C NMR [100 _{MHz, CDC1 3] δ 178.98,}170.54, 169.70, 163.48, 139.91, 138.91, 128.77, 128.67, 128.22, 128.08, 115.34, 84.67, 77.55, 53.49, 23.93; 1H NMR [400 MHz, DMSO] δ 12.53 (s, 1H ), 7.34-7.20 (m, 10H) , 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H) 2.34 (s, 6H); 13 C NMR [100 MHz, DMSO] δ 169.01, 163.14, 142.59, 141.41, 127.80, 127.68, 127.64, 127.19, 126.95, 114.72, 83.12, 77.55, 52.99, 23.30.

CLIP

SEE https://www.pharmacodia.com/yaodu/html/v1/chemicals/a01610228fe998f515a72dd730294d87.html

CLIP

http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=v89p0350#ref68

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Shi and coworkers recently obtained 120 g of virtually enantiopure (+)-ambrisentan (97) without the need for column chromatography (Scheme 23).⁶⁸ (+)-Ambrisentan, an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, is currently used to treat hypertension. Ketone 2-catalyzed epoxidation afforded 96 in 90% conversion and 85% ee. Compound 97 was further enriched via precipitation and filtration of the racemate.

Peng, X.; Li, P.; Shi, Y. J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 701-703.

Clip

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00184

Process Research for (+)-Ambrisentan, an Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist

Wei-Dong Feng^†, Song-Ming Zhuo^‡, Jun Yu^§, Chuan-Meng Zhao^§, and Fu-Li Zhang *^†^§

^† Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China

^‡ Department of Pharmaceutial Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China

^§ Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmacetical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00184

Publication Date (Web): August 6, 2018

*E-mail: zhangfuli1@sinopharm.com.

An efficient and robust synthetic route to (+)-ambrisentan ((+)-AMB) was designed by recycling the unwanted isomer from the resolution mother liquors. The racemization of AMB in the absence of either acid or base in the given solvents was reported. The recovery process was developed to produce racemates with purities over 99.5%. The mechanism of the formation of the process-related impurities of (+)-AMB is also discussed in detail. (+)-AMB was obtained in 47% overall yield with >99.5% purity and 99.8% e.e. by chiral resolution with only one recycling of the mother liquors on a 100-g scale without column purification.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00184/suppl_file/op8b00184_si_001.pdf

PaPER

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3801/d5a98a526a4386c431e25d3ac99a328bfae2.pdf

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 46, 2015 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at http://www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216

Improved Synthesis Process of Ambrisentan and Darusentan Jian Lia , Lei Tian*b, c a School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211171, China b School of Petroluem Engineer, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430100, P. R. China c Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education tianlei4665@163.com

2-hydroxy-3-phenoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropinate (5) was prepared from benzophenone via Darzens, methanolysis and hydrolysis reaction. The compound (5) was salified with (S)-dehydroabietylamine (7) and diasterotropic resolution was carried out to provide the key intermediate (S)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropionic acid (6). Compound (6) was condensed with 2-methylsulfonyl-4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine and 2-methoxysulfonyl4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine to afford ambrisentan (1) and darusentan (7), respectively. Two products were with excellent charity and chemical purity. The total yield of the synthesis was 30.1% and 29.6%, respectively.

Synthesis of methyl 3, 3-diphenyloxirane-2-carboxylate (3) To a solution of sodium methanolate (4.3 g, 79.6 mmol) in dry THF (25 mL) was added the solution of benzophenone (7.2 g, 39.5 mmol) and methyl chloroacetate (6.6 g, 60.8 mmol) in dry THF (15 mL) and stirred at -10 °C for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with water (50 mL). The solution was extracted with diethyl ether (80 mL×3). The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated NaCl. The solution was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford a light yellow oil. The residue (3) can apply in next step without further purification (8.24 g, 82.1%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.99 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.45 (m, 10H).

Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropanoic acid (5)

To a solution of compound (3) (8.2 g, 31.6 mmol) in methanol (40 mL) was added p-toluene sulfonic acid (0.5 g) and stirred at for 0.5 h to afford the solution containing compound (4). Aqueous solution of NaOH (10% wt.) (60 mL) was added to the solution of compound (4) and the mixture was stirred at refluxed for 1h (ester disappeared by TLC). The solution was evaporated in order to remove a lot of methanol. The residue was acidified to pH 2 by conc. HCl. The solution was stirred for overnight and white solid stayed at the aqueous layer. The precipitate was filtered and deeply dried under vacuum to afford (5). (7.34 g, 85.3%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ 3.22 (s, 3H), 5.14 (br, 1H), 5.20 (d, 1H), 7.18-7.37 (m, 10H), 12.30 (1H, br). Synthesis of (S)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropanoate (6) The solution of compound (5) (14 g, 51.4 mmol) in methyltertiarybutylether (140 mL) was stirred and refluxed for 0.5 h. Dehydroabietylamine (7) (14.7 g, 51.4 mmol) in methyltertiarybutylether (50 mL) was added dropwise in 10 min. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h under reflux temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and continued to stir for 2 h. The solid ((R, S)-diastereoisomers) was precipitated from the solution, filtered, washed with acetonitrile. The filtrate was diluted with water (100 mL) and acidified to pH 2 by conc. HCl. The aqueous solution was extracted with methylteriarybutylether (50 mL×4). The organic phases were combined and washed with water (80 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford white residue. The residue was recystallized from toluene to afford (6) as a white solid. (5.53 g, 39.5%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ 3.22 (s, 3H), 5.14 (br, 1H), 5.20 (d, 1H), 7.18-7.37 (m, 10H), 12.30 (1H, br). [α] 20 D =12.3°(c=1.8% in ethanol).

Synthesis of (+)-ambrisentan (1) To a solution of compound (6) (3.6 g, 13.1 mmol) and NaNH2 (1.0 g, 25.6 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added 4, 6-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl) pyrimidine (3.63 g, 19.6 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) slowly. After addition, the reaction was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. The solution was quenched with water (20 mL) and acidified to pH 2 by 10% H2SO4 aqueous solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL ×4). The combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and saturated NaCl solution (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was recrystallized from iso-propyl alcohol (30 mL) and water (40 mL), and precipitate formed was filtered off. The cake was deeply dried under vacuum to afford (1) as a white solid. (4.27 g, 86.1%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ 2.39 (s, 6H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 7.28-7.40 (m, 8H), 7.53-7.56 (d, 2H). MS-EI (m/z): 377(M-H). HPLC (XDB-C18, CH3OH/10mmol/L NaH2PO4 + 0.1% H3PO4 = 70/30, 1.0 mL/min): tR 5.2 min (>99.0%); ee= 99.0%.

Patent EP2547663A1

Image result for ambrisentan

Title: Ambrisentan

CAS Registry Number: 177036-94-1

CAS Name: (aS)-a-[(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]-b-methoxy-b-phenylbenzenepropanoic acid

Manufacturers’ Codes: BSF-208075; LU-208075

Molecular Formula: C22H22N2O4

Molecular Weight: 378.42

Percent Composition: C 69.83%, H 5.86%, N 7.40%, O 16.91%

Literature References: Nonpeptide endothelin ETA receptor antagonist. Prepn: H. Riechers et al., WO 9611914; eidem, US5932730 (1996, 1998 both to BASF); H. Riechers et al., J. Med. Chem. 39, 2123 (1996). Pharmacology: H. Vatter et al., Clin. Neuropharmacol. 26, 73 (2003). Clinical evaluation in pulmonary arterial hypertension: N. Galié et al., J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 46, 529 (2005). Review of development and therapeutic potential: G. E. Billman, Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 3, 1483-1486 (2002).

Derivative Type: (±)-Form

CAS Registry Number: 713516-99-5

Properties: Crystals from diethylether, mp 190-191°.

Melting point: mp 190-191°

Therap-Cat: Antihypertensive.

Keywords: Antihypertensive; Endothelin Receptor Antagonist.

References

Jump up^ Vatter H, Seifert V (2006). “Ambrisentan, a non-peptide endothelin receptor antagonist”. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 24 (1): 63–76. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2006.00063.x. PMID 16939634.
Jump up^ Frampton JE (2011). “Ambrisentan”. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs. 11 (4): 215–26. doi:10.2165/11207340-000000000-00000. PMID 21623643.
Jump up^ Pollack, Andrew (2007-06-16). “Gilead’s Drug Is Approved to Treat a Rare Disease”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
Jump up^ “U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Gilead’s Letairis Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension” (Press release). Gilead Sciences. 2007-06-15. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
Jump up^ “FDA Approves New Orphan Drug for Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension” (Press release). Food and Drug Administration. 2007-06-15. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-22.
Jump up^ “GlaxoSmithKline’s Volibris (ambrisentan) receives authorisation from the European Commission for the treatment of Functional Class II and III Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension” (Press release). GlaxoSmithKline. 2008-04-25. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
Jump up^ Waknine, Yael (2005-05-09). “International Approvals: Ambrisentan, Oral-lyn, Risperdal”. Medscape. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
Jump up^ de Raaf MA, Beekhuijzen M, Guignabert C, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Bogaard HJ (2015). “Endothelin-1 receptor antagonists in fetal development and pulmonary arterial hypertension”. Reproductive Toxicology. 56: 45–51. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.06.048. PMID 26111581.
Jump up^ Galiè, Nazzareno; Barberà, Joan A.; Frost, Adaani E.; Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir; Hoeper, Marius M.; McLaughlin, Vallerie V.; Peacock, Andrew J.; Simonneau, Gérald; Vachiery, Jean-Luc; Grünig, Ekkehard; Oudiz, Ronald J.; Vonk-Noordegraaf, Anton; White, R. James; Blair, Christiana; Gillies, Hunter; Miller, Karen L.; Harris, Julia H.N.; Langley, Jonathan; Rubin, Lewis J. (2015). “Initial Use of Ambrisentan plus Tadalafil in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension”. New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (9): 834–44. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1413687.

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Ambrisentan
Clinical data

AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	EU EMA: by INN US FDA: Ambrisentan
Pregnancy category	AU: X (High risk) US: X (Contraindicated)
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	C02KX02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) CA: ℞-only UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Undetermined
Protein binding	99%
Elimination half-life	15 hours (terminal)
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	177036-94-1
PubChem CID	6918493
IUPHAR/BPS	3951
ChemSpider	5293690
UNII	HW6NV07QEC
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1111
ECHA InfoCard	100.184.855
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₂H₂₂N₂O₄
Molar mass	378.421 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

/////////////Ambrisentan, أمبريسنتان , 安立生坦 , BSF-208075, LU-208075, アンブリセンタン

CC1=CC(=NC(=N1)OC(C(=O)O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)OC)C

TEBIPENEM PIVOXIL, テビペネムピボキシル , тебипенем пивоксил , تيبيبينام بيفوكسيل ,

August 17, 2018 9:58 am / Leave a comment

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тебипенем пивоксил [Russian] [INN]

تيبيبينام بيفوكسيل [Arabic] [INN]

2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[1-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl]sulfanyl-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate

Molecular Formula:	C₂₂H₃₁N₃O₆S₂
Molecular Weight:	497.625 g/mol

Tebipenem pivoxil; 161715-24-8; Orapenem; UNII-95AK1A52I8; TBPM-PI; Tebipenem pivoxil(L-084)

(＋)-hydroxymethyl(4R,5S,6S )-6-[(1R )-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-{[1-(2-thiazolin-2-yl)-3-azetidinyl]thio}-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate,2-pivalate

(4R,5R,6S)-3-[[1-(4,5-Dihydro-2-thiazolyl)-3-azetidinyl]thio]-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy) methyl ester

[(2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-{[1-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3-azetidinyl]sulfanyl}-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate

161715-24-8 [RN]

1-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-[[1-(4,5-dihydro-2-thiazolyl)-3-azetidinyl]thio]-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-, (2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methyl ester, (4R,5S,6S)-

7924

95AK1A52I8

UNII:95AK1A52I8

2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[1-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl]sulfanyl-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate

L 084

L084

L-084;Orapenem;L084;L 084

ME1211

MFCD17215369

L-084; ME-1211, SPR-994

TBPM-PI

MOA：Carbapenem antibiotic

Indication：Otitis Media; Otorhinolaryngological infection; Bacterial Pneumonia

Company：WYETH, Meiji Seika (Originator)

2009-04-22 japan approved

Tebipenem (brand name: Orapenem) is a broad-spectrum orally-administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics. It was developed as a replacement drug to combat bacteria that had acquired antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics.^[1]^[2] Tebipenem is formulated as the ester tebipenem pivoxil due to the better absorption and improved bioavailability of this form.^[3] It has performed well in clinical trials for ear infection and looks likely to be further developed in future.^[4] It is only marketed in Japan.^[5] Tebipenem is the first carbapenem whose prodrug form, the pivalyl ester, is orally available.^[6]

Tebipenem pivoxil, an oral carbapenem prodrug, was launched in Japan in 2009 by Meiji Seika Pharma for the treatment of bacterial infection in children. The drug candidate was originally developed at Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (now Pfizer) and was subsequently licensed to Meiji Seika.

Tebipenem pivoxil was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Apr 22, 2009. It was developed and marketed as Orapenem^® by Meiji Seika in Japan.

In 2017, the product was licensed to Spero Therapeutics by Meiji Seika Pharma for worldwide development and commercialization, except in Japan and certain Asian countries, where Meiji will retain rights.

In 2017, the FDA granted the drug qualified infectious disease product designation for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), diabetic foot infections (DFI) and community acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP)

Tebipenem pivoxil is a broad-spectrum orally-administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics. Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, which act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. It is used to treat otorhinolaryngological infection, otitis media and bacterial pneumonia.

Orapenem^® is available as granules for oral use, containing 100 mg Tebipenem pivoxil/g granules. According to the weight of children, 4 mg/kg, and twice a day after dinner.

Image result for TEBIPENEM PIVOXIL

CLIP

Image result for TEBIPENEM PIVOXIL

Clip

https://www.pharmacodia.com/yaodu/html/v1/chemicals/8c465432a5c7eaa0f3fc7c03401ce607.html

PATENTS

WO 2015070394

US5659043

WO9721712

CN 103613526

CN 103012406

CN 102775410

CN 106083858

EP 1580191

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104341421A/en

Alternatively Bipei Nan ester (Tebipenempivoxil) (I), chemical name: (+) – (4R, 5S, 6S) -6 – [(lR) -l- hydroxyethyl] -4-methyl-7 – oxo-3 [[1- (2-thiazol-2-yl) -3-azetidinyl] thio] -1-azabicyclo [3. 2.0] hept-2-ene 2-carboxylic acid methyl -2- pivaloyl), of the formula:

[0003]

[0004] developed by the American company Pfizer, for Bipei Nan ester fine granules developed by the Japanese company Meiji, in February 2009 was approved in Japan, and listed in April 2009. Alternatively Bipei Nan prodrug esters are for Bipei Nan, the lower the water after oral administration of the parent drug esterase for Bipei Nan, penicillin-binding protein binding to bacteria (the PBP), inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, and is the only can oral carbapenem antibiotics.

[0005] Alternatively esters Bipei Nan structural characteristics, is a C3-side chain is thiazolyl substituted azetidinyl group, while in the C2 position by matching volts carboxylic ester forming a prodrug, increased oral absorbability; its oral absorption is better than in most β_ lactam antibiotics already on the market now. Bipei Nan for a broad spectrum antibiotic; especially for the PRSP in recent years, mainly due to the infection caused by children (penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae), MRSP (erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Haemophilusinfluenzae (Haemophilus influenzae) showed a very strong antibacterial effect. Alternatively Bipei Nan as prodrugs compared to for Bipei Nan horses volts for Bipei Nan ester having a better absorption kinetics, has good stability.

[0006] TakeshiIsoda like literature SynthesesandPharmacokineticStudiesof ProdrugEstersfortheDevelopmentofOralCarbapenem, L-084 (TheJournalof Antibiotics (2006) 59, 241 – 247; doi:. 10 · 1038 / ja 2006. 34) discloses a method for the synthesis of ester Bipei Nan : the Bipei Nan Alternatively, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, and chloromethyl pivalate was dissolved in N, N- dimethylformamide was added a solution of N, N- diisopropylethylamine, in the reaction was stirred for 4h at 45 ° C, the reaction was cooled to complete 5 ° C, was added ethyl acetate and water, the mixture was adjusted with aqueous citric acid I.OM PH = 4, the organic phase was discarded, the aqueous phase was adjusted with potassium bicarbonate to PH = 7. 6, the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with water and aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was subjected to silica gel column to give a yellow solid which was slurried with ethyl acetate to give colorless crystals. The column chromatography method requires not only consume a large amount of organic solvent together IJ, and a long time, so this method is not suitable for industrial production. In addition, the resulting large solid slurried with ethyl acetate, a solid dispersion is not easy, affect the uniformity of the product.

[0007] Patent US5534510, EP0632039, JP10-195076 discloses a method for synthesizing Bipei Nan ester is: dissolved after lyophilization for Bipei Nan aqueous sodium bicarbonate, lyophilized solid was dissolved in N, N- two dimethylformamide, adding a specific acid, methyl iodide, LH stirred at room temperature, ethyl acetate was added the reaction was completed, the organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was removed, the residue was subjected Alternatively Bipei Nan silica gel column to give the ester.The Mr. Fang Fati Bipei Nan for Bipei Nan into the sodium salt of pivalic acid with methyl iodide, prior to lyophilization to remove water required for the reaction, or affect the subsequent reaction with methyl iodide pivalate, lyophilized difficult when enlarged and the operation will take longer, the method further column chromatography operations shall therefore not suitable for industrial production.

[0008] Chinese patent CN102633801A disclosed for the preparation of esters Bipei Nan, including the following steps of: for Bipei Nan I. 37g, N, N- 11 ml of dimethylformamide, potassium carbonate 0 · 5g, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide 0 · 03g, reaction at 0 · 5h -KTC, Stuttgart dropwise at this temperature, methyl iodide 〇.88g acid, ethyl acetate was added the reaction was completed Ilml insolubles were filtered off, the filtrate was washed with water 22ml, water Ilml phase was extracted once with ethyl acetate, the combined ethyl acetate, washed with water and ethyl acetate are added 11 ml of water, adjusted to 3.5 with aqueous citric acid, phases were separated, the aqueous phase washed with ethyl acetate Ilml with the aqueous phase is added acetic acid 22ml ethyl ester, was adjusted to 7.5 with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, phase separation, washed with water and 22ml ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate phase over anhydrous sodium sulfate was added 0. 5g, dried decolorizing charcoal, the filtrate was concentrated to a volume, stirring crystallization, cooling to 〇~5 ° C followed by stirring crystallization, filtration, and dried to give a white solid 〇.54g. Pivalate methyl iodide using the method of low-temperature reaction, post-treatment operation complicated, solvent volume, increasing both cost and environmental pollution, and methyl iodide pivalate unstable, expensive, not suitable for industrial production.

Figure CN104341421AD00041

Example 1

[0029] Alternatively the Bipei Nan 18g, N, N- dimethylformamide 162mL, potassium 6. 54g, tetrabutylammonium bromide (λ45g, the reaction 60min, was added dropwise at this temperature at 25 ° C for chloromethyl pivalate 8. 93g, after the completion of the reaction, water was added and stirred for 10 minutes, 320ml, 160ml ethyl acetate was added to extract the aqueous phase extracted with ethyl acetate and once with 160ml ethyl acetate were combined, washed with water, phase separation, ethyl acetate washed with water 640ml paint ester, the ethyl acetate phase over anhydrous sodium sulfate was added 60g, decolorizing charcoal and dried, and the filtrate was concentrated, was added dropwise 25 ° C under stirring for crystallization 162mL isopropyl ether, filtered and dried to give a white solid 17. 64g. purity by HPLC 99.87%, the yield was 89.7%.

[0030] TBPN1HNMR data (CDCl3):. 5 989-5 978ppm (1H, d, 5 5, H-13.), 5 858-5 847ppm (1H, d, 5 5, Η-13.)… , 4 · 436-4. 390ppm (2H, m, H-22e, H-24e), 4. 232-4. 217ppm (2H, m, H-2, H-9), 4. 173-4. 146ppm (1H, m, H-21), 4. 039-3. 960ppm (4H, m, H-22a, H-24a, H-28), 3. 402-3. 372ppm (2H, t, 7. 5 , H-27), 3. 243-3. 230ppm (1H, m, H-3), 3. 199-3. 167ppm (1H, m, H-8), I. 348-1. 337ppm (3H, d, 5. 5, H-1), I. 24ppm (12H, m, H-17, H-18, H-19, H-10) ·

[0031] TBPN13C bandit R data (CDCl3):.. 176 958ppm (1C, C-15), 172 425ppm (1C, C-4), 164.286ppm (lC, C-25), 159.397ppm (lC, C- ll), 150.363ppm (lC, C-7), 124.570ppm (1C, C-6), 79.826 (1C, C-13), 65. 824ppm (1C, C-2), 60. 905ppm (1C, C -28), 59. 990ppm (1C, C-24), 59. 850ppm (lC, C-3), 58. 164ppm (1C, C-22), 56. 257ppm (lC, C-9), 43. 939ppm (1C, C-8), 38. 767ppm (1C, C-16), 36. 339ppm (1C, C-27), 33. 170 (1C, C-21), 26. 887ppm (3C, C- 17, C-18, C-19), 21.962ppm (lC, Cl), 16.805ppm (1C, C-10)

Patent

Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle

CN102276611A *2011-05-182011-12-14深圳万乐药业有限公司Recrystallization method for purifying esters for Bipei Nan

CN102532139A *2010-12-072012-07-04重庆医药工业研究院有限责任公司Method for preparing tebipenem

CN102633801A *2012-03-132012-08-15深圳科兴生物工程有限公司Method for preparing tebipenem ester

Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle

CN106543186A *2016-11-072017-03-29山东大学Monocrystal A of tebipenem pivoxil and preparation method thereof

KR101774812B1 *2016-05-272017-09-06(주)하이텍팜Preparation method for tebipenem pivoxil

PAPER

Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2006, 54, 1408-1411.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb/54/10/54_10_1408/_pdf

PAPER

J. Antibiot. 2006, 59, 241-247.

PRESENTATION

Abe, T.; Hayashi, K.; Mihira, A.; Satoh, C.; Tamai, S.; Yamamoto, S.; Hikida, M.; Kumagai, T.; Kitamura, M.
L-084, a new oral carbapenem: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of C2-substituted 1beta-methylcarbapenems
38th Intersci Conf Antimicrob Agents Chemother (ICAAC) (September 24-27, San Diego) 1998, Abst F-64

CLIP

EP 0632039; EP 0717042; JP 1996053453; US 5534510; US 5659043; US 5783703

Halogenation of allylamine (I) with either bromine or sulfuryl chloride produced the corresponding (halomethyl)aziridines (II). Subsequent treatment of (II) with n-butyllithium at -78 C yielded 1-azabicyclobutane (III). Opening of the bicyclic system of (III) with formic acid followed by acid hydrolysis provided 3-hydroxyazetidine (IV). This was condensed with 2-(methylsulfanyl)thiazoline (V) to give thiazolinylazetidine (VI). Alternatively, 3-hydroxyazetidine (IV) was condensed with 2-chloroethyl isothiocyanate (VII) to give the intermediate thiourea (VIII), which cyclized to the thiazoline (VI). Conversion of the hydroxyl group of (VI) into the thioacetate (IX) was carried out by either coupling with thioacetic acid under Mitsunobu conditions or by conversion to mesylate (X) followed by displacement with potassium thioacetate. The required thiol (XI) was then obtained from (IX) by basic hydrolysis of the thioacetate ester.

1-azabicyclobutane (III) was opened with thioacetic acid with concomitant N-acetylation yielding (XII). Further acid hydrolysis of (XII) gave 3-mercaptoazetidine (XIII). Condensation of (XIII) with either 2-(methylthio)thiazoline (V) or 2-chloroethyl isothiocyanate (VII) then produced thiazolinylazetidine (XI).

A further procedure consisted in the opening of 1-azabicyclobutane (III) with 2-mercaptothiazoline (XIV) to give (XV). Subsequent rearrangement of (XV) in the presence of methanesulfonic acid produced thiazolinyl azetidine (XI).

Condensation of (phosphoryloxy)carbapenem (XVI) with 3-mercapto-1-(1,3-thiazolin-2-yl)azetidine (XI) gave thioether (XVII). The p-nitrobenzyl ester group of (XVII) was then deprotected with Zn powder to afford the target carboxylic acid.

References

Jump up^ El-Gamal, M. I.; Oh, C. H. (2010). “Current status of carbapenem antibiotics”. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (18): 1882–1897. doi:10.2174/156802610793176639. PMID 20615191.
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Jump up^ Kato, K.; Shirasaka, Y.; Kuraoka, E.; Kikuchi, A.; Iguchi, M.; Suzuki, H.; Shibasaki, S.; Kurosawa, T.; Tamai, I. (2010). “Intestinal Absorption Mechanism of Tebipenem Pivoxil, a Novel Oral Carbapenem: Involvement of Human OATP Family in Apical Membrane Transport”. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 7 (5): 1747–1756. doi:10.1021/mp100130b. PMID 20735088.
Jump up^ Sugita, R. (2013). “Good transfer of tebipenem into middle ear effusion conduces to the favorable clinical outcomes of tebipenem pivoxil in pediatric patients with acute otitis media”. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 19 (3): 465–471. doi:10.1007/s10156-012-0513-5. PMID 23393013.
Jump up^ Rossi, S, ed. (7 August 2014). “Tebipenem Pivoxil”. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
Jump up^ Hazra, S; Xu, H; Blanchard, J (June 2014). “Tebipenem, a New Carbapenem Antibiotic is a Slow Substrate that Inhibits the β-Lactamase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis” (PDF). Biochemistry. 53 (22): 3671–3678. doi:10.1021/bi500339j. PMC 4053071 . PMID 24846409.

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Tebipenem
Clinical data
Tebipenem pivoxil
Trade names	Orapenem
Routes of administration	Oral
Legal status
Legal status	Prescription-only in Japan; investigational elsewhere
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	161715-24-8
KEGG	D09598
PDB ligand	1TE (PDBe, RCSB PDB)
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₂H₃₁N₃O₆S₂
Molar mass	497.63 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

/////////////////TEBIPENEM PIVOXIL, orapenem, テビペネムピボキシル ,тебипенем пивоксил , تيبيبينام بيفوكسيل , L-084, ME-1211, JAPAN 2009, SPR-994 , , Qualified infectious disease product designation

CC1C2C(C(=O)N2C(=C1SC3CN(C3)C4=NCCS4)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C(C)O

Tesirine

August 16, 2018 10:18 am / Leave a comment

2D chemical structure of 1595275-62-9

Tesirine

Molecular Formula:	C₇₅H₁₀₁N₉O₂₃
Molecular Weight:	1496.673 g/mol

UNII-8DVQ435K46;

CAS 1595275-62-9

(11S,11aS)-4-((2S,5S)-37-(2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-4,7,35-trioxo-10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-octaoxa-3,6,34-triazaheptatriacontanamido)benzyl 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-5,11a-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methyl-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate

SG3249, Tesirine

[4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)propanoylamino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]phenyl]methyl (6S,6aS)-3-[5-[[(6aS)-2-methoxy-8-methyl-11-oxo-6a,7-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-3-yl]oxy]pentoxy]-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-8-methyl-11-oxo-6a,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5-carboxylate

PATENT

WO 2014057074

In 2012, tesirine (SG3249) was developed by Spirogen, as a drug linker combining a set of desired properties: fast and straightforward conjugation to antibody cysteines by maleimide Michael addition, good solubility in aqueous/DMSO (90/10) systems, and a traceless cleavable linker system delivering the highly potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) DNA cross-linker SG3199

Image result for tesirine

CLIP

Image result for tesirine

CLIP

Scale-up Synthesis of Tesirine

Arnaud C. Tiberghien *^†

, Christina von Bulow^†, Conor Barry^†, Huajun Ge^§, Christian Noti^∥, Florence Collet Leiris^#, Marc McCormick^‡, Philip W. Howard^†, and Jeremy S. Parker^‡

^† Spirogen, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, E1 2AX London, United Kingdom

^§ Pharmaron, No. 6, Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China

^∥ Lonza AG, Rottenstrasse 6, CH – 3930 Visp, Switzerland

^# Novasep Ltd, 1 Rue Démocrite, 72000 Le Mans, France

^‡ Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00205

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00205

*E-mail: tiberghiena@medimmune.com.

This work describes the enabling synthesis of tesirine, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibody–drug conjugate drug-linker. Over the course of four synthetic campaigns, the discovery route was developed and scaled up to provide a robust manufacturing process. Early intermediates were produced on a kilogram scale and at high purity, without chromatography. Midstage reactions were optimized to minimize impurity formation. Late stage material was produced and purified using a small number of key high-pressure chromatography steps, ultimately resulting in a 169 g batch after 34 steps. At the time of writing, tesirine is the drug-linker component of eight antibody–drug conjugates in multiple clinical trials, four of them pivotal

CLIP

https://cdn-pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00062

Design and Synthesis of Tesirine, a Clinical Antibody–Drug Conjugate Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer Payload

Arnaud C. Tiberghien ^*, Jean-Noel Levy †, Luke A. Masterson, Neki V. Patel, Lauren R. Adams, Simon Corbett, David G. Williams, John A. Hartley, and Philip W. Howard ^*

QMB Innovation Centre, Spirogen, 42 New Road, E1 2AX London, U.K.

ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 2016, 7 (11), pp 983–987

DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00062

Publication Date (Web): May 24, 2016

*E-mail: tiberghiena@medimmune.com., *E-mail: philip.howard@spirogen.com.

This article is part of the Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Bioconjugates special issue.

Pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers are an emerging class of warhead in the field of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). Tesirine (SG3249) was designed to combine potent antitumor activity with desirable physicochemical properties such as favorable hydrophobicity and improved conjugation characteristics. One of the reactive imines was capped with a cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine linker. A robust synthetic route was developed to allow the production of tesirine on clinical scale, employing a flexible, convergent strategy. Tesirine was evaluated in vitro both in stochastic and engineered ADC constructs and was confirmed as a potent and versatile payload. The conjugation of tesirine to anti-DLL3 rovalpituzumab has resulted in rovalpituzumab-tesirine (Rova-T), currently under evaluation for the treatment of small cell lung cancer.

https://cdn-pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00062/suppl_file/ml6b00062_si_001.pdf

SG3249 (tesirine) (860 mg, 73% over 2 steps). LC/MS, method 2, 2.65 min (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 1496.78 ([M+H] +. , 20). [] 24 D = +262 (c = 0.056, CHCl3).

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.95 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.97 – 7.84 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.10 – 6.96 (m, 3H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.79 – 6.57 (m, 4H), 5.59 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.32 – 4.17 (m, 2H), 4.17 – 4.07 (m, 1H), 4.07 – 3.87 (m, 3H), 3.80 (d, J = 14.2 Hz, 6H), 3.74 – 3.62 (m, 1H), 3.59 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 4H), 3.55 – 3.42 (m, 28H), 3.35 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.21 – 3.11 (m, 2H), 3.11 – 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.98 – 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.49 – 2.28 (m, 5H), 2.03 – 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.87 – 1.65 (m, 10H), 1.64 – 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.29 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (dd, J = 17.1, 6.7 Hz, 6H).

13C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 171.55, 171.29, 171.16, 170.78, 169.91, 164.80, 162.52, 155.03, 150.25, 139.27, 134.99, 128.84, 123.13, 122.67, 121.76, 119.28, 111.93, 110.93, 86.05, 70.21, 70.16, 70.02, 69.95, 69.46, 68.93, 68.79, 67.39, 57.94, 56.16, 54.03, 49.49, 38.97, 38.89, 36.39, 34.53, 34.40, 31.04, 28.69, 28.65, 22.72, 19.60, 18.55, 18.37, 13.88, 13.82. HRMS (ESI) m/z Calc. C75H101N9O23 1495.70831 found 1495.70444.

FT-IR (ATR, cm‐1 ) 3311, 2911, 2871, 1706, 1643, 1623, 1601, 1512, 1435, 1411, 1243, 1213, 1094, 1075, 946, 827, 747, 695, 664.

Patent ID	Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US2015297746	PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTIBODY CONJUGATES	2013-10-11	2015-10-22
US2017267778	HUMANIZED ANTI-TN-MUC1 ANTIBODIES AND THEIR CONJUGATES	2015-04-15

Patent ID	Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US2015283258	PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE – ANTI-PSMA ANTIBODY CONJUGATES	2013-10-11	2015-10-08
US2015283262	PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTIBODY CONJUGATES	2013-10-11	2015-10-08
US2015283263	PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTIBODY CONJUGATES	2013-10-11	2015-10-08
US2016106861	AXL ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE AND ITS USE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER	2014-04-28	2016-04-21
US2014127239	PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINES AND CONJUGATES THEREOF	2013-10-11	2014-05-08

Patent ID	Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US2017320960	NOVEL ANTI-MFI2 ANTIBODIES AND METHODS OF USE	2015-09-04
US2016015828	NOVEL ANTIBODY CONJUGATES AND USES THEREOF	2014-02-21	2016-01-21
US2015265722	PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTI-CD22 ANTIBODY CONJUGATES	2013-10-11	2015-09-24
US2015273077	PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTI-HER2 ANTIBODY CONJUGATES	2013-10-11	2015-10-01
US2015273078	PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTI-PSMA ANTIBODY CONJUGATES	2013-10-11	2015-10-01

.//////////Tesirine, SG3249, SG 3249

CC1=CN2C(C1)C=NC3=CC(=C(C=C3C2=O)OC)OCCCCCOC4=C(C=C5C(=C4)N(C(C6CC(=CN6C5=O)C)O)C(=O)OCC7=CC=C(C=C7)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCNC(=O)CCN8C(=O)C=CC8=O)OC

Evocalcet, エボカルセト , Эвокальцет , إيفوكالسيت , 依伏卡塞 ,

August 14, 2018 10:17 am / Leave a comment

Image result for Evocalcet

Evocalcet

C₂₄H₂₆N₂O_{2, 374.484}

Evocalcet; UNII-E58MLH082P; E58MLH082P; 870964-67-3; Evocalcet [INN]; Orkedia (TN)
エボカルセト

Эвокальцет [Russian] [INN]

إيفوكالسيت [Arabic] [INN]

依伏卡塞 [Chinese] [INN]

2-[4-[(3S)-3-[[(1R)-1-naphthalen-1-ylethyl]amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl]acetic acid

KHK-7580

MT-4580

UNII:E58MLH082P

{4-[(3S)-3-{[(1R)-1-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl]amino}-1-pyrrolidinyl]phenyl}acetic acid

10098

870964-67-3 [RN]

Benzeneacetic acid, 4-[(3S)-3-[[(1R)-1-(1-naphthalenyl)ethyl]amino]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-

E58MLH082P

KHK-7580 / KHK7580 / MT-4580

Image result for Evocalcet

エボカルセト
Evocalcet

C₂₄H₂₆N₂O₂ : 374.48
[870964-67-3]

KHK 7580 …..example

3.008

2HCl

MS · APCI: 375[M + H]+

in EP1757582

4-(3S-(1R-(1-naphthyl)ethylamino)pyrrolidin-1- yl)phenylacetic acid

4-[(3S)-3-[[(1R)-1-(1-naphthalenyl)ethyl]amino]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-Benzeneacetic acid,

BASE ….870964-67-3

DI HCL SALT …….870856-31-8

MF C₂₄ H₂₆ N₂ O₂ BASE

MW 374.48 BASE

KHK-7580

KHK-7580; MT-4580

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp… innovator

Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co Ltd.. licencee

4-(3S-(1R-(1-naphthyl)ethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenylacetic acid,

Evocalcet (trade name Orkedia) is a drug for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.^[1] It acts as a calcium-sensing receptor agonist.^[2]

In 2018, it was approved in Japan for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis.^[3]

useful as calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) agonists for treating hyperparathyroidism. a CaSR agonist, being developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin, under license from Mitsubishi Tanabe, for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism (phase 2 clinical, as of March 2015).

WO2005115975,/EP1757582

http://www.google.co.in/patents/EP1757582A1?cl=en

Example no

3.008

2HCl

MS · APCI: 375[M + H]+

WO 2015034031A1

http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20150312&CC=WO&NR=2015034031A1&KC=A1

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation

The present invention provides a novel crystal form of an arylalkylamine
compound. Specifically, a novel crystal form of
4-(3S-(1R-(1-naphthyl)ethylamino)pyrrolidin-1- yl)phenylacetic acid has
excellent stability, and is therefore useful as an active ingredient for
a medicine. The present invention also provides an industrially
advantageous method for producing an arylalkylamine compound.

WO 2015034031A1

http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20150312&CC=WO&NR=2015034031A1&KC=A1
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation

The present invention provides a novel crystal form of an arylalkylamine compound. Specifically, a novel crystal form of 4-(3S-(1R-(1-naphthyl)ethylamino)pyrrolidin-1- yl)phenylacetic acid has excellent stability, and is therefore useful as an active ingredient for a medicine. The present invention also provides an industrially advantageous method for producing an arylalkylamine compound.

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/US20140080770?cl=und

Reference Example 3.001

(1) To a mixed solution containing 33.5 g of 3-hydroxypiperidine and 62.7 ml of triethylamine dissolved in 250 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise a solution of 55.7 ml of benzyloxycarbonyl chloride in 150 ml of methylene chloride, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. To the reaction mixture were added a saturated aqueous citric acid and chloroform, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried, the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→0:1) to obtain 75.5 g of benzyl 3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate.

MS•APCI (m/z): 236 [M+H]+

(2) 800 ml of a solution of 52.4 ml of oxalyl chloride in methylene chloride was cooled to −78° C., 53.2 ml of DMSO was added dropwise to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 0.5 hour. A solution of 75.5 g of benzyl 3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate dissolved in 200 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise to the mixture, and further 293 ml of triethylamine was added dropwise to the same, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours while a temperature thereof was gradually raised to room temperature. To the reaction mixture were added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and chloroform, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to obtain 83.7 g of 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-piperidone. MS•APCI (m/z): 234 [M+H]+
(3) To a solution of 83.7 g of 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-piperidone dissolved in 1.2 liters of methylene chloride was added 55.0 g of (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, and after the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, 69 ml of acetic acid and 160 g of sodium triacetoxy borohydride were added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous sodium hydroxide to make the mixture basic, and then, chloroform was added to the mixture, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→0:1) to obtain 98.7 g of benzyl 3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate. MS•APCI (m/z): 389 [M+H]+
(4) To a solution of 40.95 g of triphosgene dissolved in 800 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise a mixed solution containing 80.6 g of benzyl 3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate and 86.6 ml of triethylamine dissolved in 200 ml of methylene chloride at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the residue was washed with 200 ml of diethyl ether, and the crystal collected by filtration was recrystallized from chloroform and diethyl ether to obtain 48.9 g of benzyl (R)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate.

Further, the filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=8:1→0:1) to obtain 5.82 g of benzyl (R)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate and 14.5 g of benzyl (S)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate.

(5) To a solution containing 54.6 g of benzyl (R)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate dissolved in 700 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added 350 ml of water, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 15 hours. After tetrahydrofuran was evaporated, a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and chloroform were added thereto, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→0:1) to obtain 24.3 g of benzyl (R)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate. MS•APCI (m/z): 389 [M+H]+
(6) To a solution containing 24.2 g of benzyl (R)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate dissolved in 250 ml of methanol was added 2.5 g of palladium carbon (10% wet), and the mixture was shaked under hydrogen atmosphere at 3 atm at room temperature for 40 hours. Palladium carbon was removed, and the solvent was evaporated, the residue was washed with ethyl acetate-chloroform (10:1), and collected by filtration to obtain 15.3 g of (R)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine (the following Reference example Table, Reference example 3.001(a)). MS•APCI (m/z): 255 [M+H]+
(7) By using 14.5 g of benzyl (S)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate, the same treatment was carried out as in the above-mentioned (5) to obtain 4.74 g of benzyl (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate. MS•APCI (m/z): 389 [M+H]+

Moreover, by using 4.7 g of benzyl (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate, the same treatment was carried out as in the above-mentioned (6) to obtain 2.89 g of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine. MS•APCI (m/z): 255 [M+H]+

(8) To a solution of 3.46 g of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine dissolved in 15 ml of methanol was added dropwise 20 ml of a solution of 4M hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, diethyl ether was added to the residue, washed and dried to obtain 3.33 g of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine dihydrochloride

3.008

2HCl

MS · APCI: 375[M + H]+

TABLE A3



Example No.	R¹—X—	—Ar	Salt	Physical properties, etc.

CLIP

see all at http://drugpatentsint.blogspot.in/2015/03/wo-2015034031.html

see all at http://drugpatentsint.blogspot.in/2015/03/wo-2015034031.html
see all at http://drugpatentsint.blogspot.in/2015/03/wo-2015034031.html

do not miss out on above click

http://www.kyowa-kirin.com/research_and_development/pipeline/

KHK7580 -Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Company	Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp.
Description	Calcium receptor agonist
Molecular Target
Mechanism of Action	Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist
Therapeutic Modality	Small molecule

Latest Stage of Development	Phase II
Standard Indication	Thyroid disease
Indication Details	Treat hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis; Treat secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT)
Regulatory Designation
Partner	Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd.

August 29, 2014

Kyowa Hakko Kirin Announces Commencement of Phase 2b Clinical Study of KHK7580 in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Japan

Tokyo, Japan, August 29, 2014 — Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. (Tokyo: 4151, President and CEO: Nobuo Hanai, “Kyowa Hakko Kirin”) today announced the initiation of a phase 2b clinical study evaluating KHK7580 for secondary hyperparathyroidism patients receiving hemodialysis in Japan.

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-center study is designed to evaluate efficacy and safety in cohorts comprising KHK7580, its placebo and cinacalcet and initial dose of KHK7580 for secondary hyperparathyroidism patients receiving hemodialysis.

KHK7580 is a small molecular compound produced by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (President & Representative Director, CEO: Masayuki Mitsuka, “Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma”). Kyowa Hakko Kirin signed a license agreement of KHK7580 with Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma for the rights to cooperative research, develop, market and manufacture the product in Japan and some part of Asia on March 2008.

The Kyowa Hakko Kirin Group is contributing to the health and prosperity of the world’s people by pursuing advances in life sciences and technology and creating new value.

Outline of this study

CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER	NCT02216656
TARGET POPULATION	Secondary hyperparathyroidism patients receiving hemodialysis
TRIAL DESIGN	Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (included open arm of cinacalcet), parallel-group, multi-center study
ADMINISTRATION GROUP	KHK7580, Placebo, cinacalcet
TARGET NUMBER OF SUBJECTS	150
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE	Efficacy
TRIAL LOCATION	Japan
TRIAL DURATION	Jul. 2014 to Jun. 2015

Contact:

Kyowa Hakko Kirin
Media Contact:
+81-3-3282-1903
or
Investors:
+81-3-3282-0009

Update on march 2016

New comment waiting approval on New Drug Approvals

M.F. Balandrin commented on KHK 7580 structure cracked

KHK 7580 …..example 3.008 2HCl MS · APCI: 375[M + H]+ in …

The calcimimetic agent, KHK-7580, currently entering Phase III clinical trials, has now been given the INN (WHO) generic name, evocalcet. Its chemical structure has also now been published and it is, in fact, correct as proposed by Dr. Crasto (Well Done!!):

http://www.drugspider.com/drug/evocalcet

https://tripod.nih.gov/ginas/app/substance/f580b9fd

http://www.medkoo.com/products/6729

(Etymologically, in classical Latin, “evolutio” refers to “the unrolling of a scroll” and “evocare” refers to a “call out”…).

http://www.medkoo.com/products/6729

Name: Evocalcet
CAS#: 870964-67-3
Chemical Formula: C24H26N2O2
Exact Mass: 374.19943

Evocalcet is a calcium-sensing receptor agonist. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a Class C G-protein coupled receptor which senses extracellular levels of calcium ion. The calcium-sensing receptor controls calcium homeostasis by regulating the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). CaSR is expressed in all of the organs of the digestive system. CaSR plays a key role in gastrointestinal physiological function and in the occurrence of digestive disease. High dietary Ca2+ may stimulate CaSR activation and could both inhibit tumor development and increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of cancer cells in colon cancer tissues. (Last update: 12/15/2015).

Synonym: MT-4580; MT 4580; MT4580; KHK-7580; KHK7580; KHK 7580; Evocalcet

IUPAC/Chemical Name: 2-(4-((S)-3-(((R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)amino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)acetic acid

https://tripod.nih.gov/ginas/app/substance/f580b9fd

http://www.drugspider.com/drug/evocalcet

INN NAME

Evocalcet

LAB CODE(S)

MT-4580

KHK-7580

CHEMICAL NAME

{4-[(3S)-3-{[(1R)-1-(Naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}acetic acid

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C24H26N2O2

SMILES

O=C(O)CC1=CC=C(N2C[C@@H](N[C@@H](C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3)C)CC2)C=C1

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER

870964-67-3

ORPHAN DRUG STATUS

ON FAST TRACK

NEW MOLECULAR ENTITY

Yes

ORIGINATOR

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation

DEVELOPER(S)

Kyowa Hakko Kirin

CLASS

Antithyroids

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Calcium-sensing receptor agonists

WHO ATC CODE(S)

H05 (Calcium Homeostasis)

EPHMRA CODE(S)

H3 (Thyroid Therapy)

CLINICAL TRIAL(S)

CONDITIONS	INTERVENTIONS	PHASES	RECRUITMENT	SPONSOR/COLLABORATORS
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism	Drug: KHK7580	Phase 3	Recruiting	Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Limited
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism	Drug: KHK7580	Phase 3	Recruiting	Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Limited
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism	Drug: KHK7580\|Drug: KRN1493	Phase 2\|Phase 3	Recruiting	Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Limited
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism	Drug: Placebo\|Drug: KHK7580 low dose\|Drug: KHK7580 middle dose\|Drug: KHK7580 high dose\|Drug: KRN1493	Phase 2	Completed	Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Limited
Hyperparathyroidism	Drug: KHK7580	Phase 1\|Phase 2	Completed	Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Limited
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism	Drug: KHK7580	Phase 1	Completed	Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Limited

UPDATED ON

11 Oct 2015

CLIP

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X18303676

Image result for Evocalcet

Scheme 1. Synthesis of key intermediates S4, S5, S9, and S10. Reagents and conditions: (a) Tf₂O, i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂, −20 °C. Then, (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, −20 °C to rt (S1 57%); (b) triphosgene, Et₃N, CH₂Cl₂, −20 °C to 5 °C. Then, i-Pr₂NEt, tert-butanol, 70 °C; (c) separation via silica gel chromatography (S2 31%, S3 33% in 2 steps); (d) HCl, chloroform, 1,4-dioxane, rt (S4 > 94%, S5 > 94%); (e) (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, NaBH(OAc)₃, acetic acid, CH₂Cl₂, rt (S6 79%); (f) triphosgene, Et₃N, CH₂Cl₂, 0 °C to rt; (g) separation via filtration and silica gel chromatography (S7 58%, S8 16% in 2 steps); (h) water, tetrahydrofuran, reflux; (i) H₂, Pd/C, methanol, rt (S9 50% in 2 steps); (j) HCl, ethyl acetate, methanol, rt (S10 31% in 3steps).

Scheme 2. Synthesis of 2–15 and evocalcet (16). Reagents and conditions: (a) aryl iodide or aryl bromide, palladium acetate, (rac)-BINAP, sodium tert-butoxide, toluene, 80 °C or reflux; (b) HCl, ethyl acetate or 1,4-dioxane, rt; (c) tert-butyl 4-fluorobenzoate, potassium carbonate, DMSO, 130 °C; (d) HCl, 1,4-dioxane, 45 °C; (e) 2-aminoethanol, EDC hydrochloride, HOBt, Et₃N, DMF, rt; (f) 5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(triphenylmethyl)–2H-tetrazole, Pd₂(dba)₃, (2-biphenyl)di-tert-butylphosphine, sodium tert-butoxide, toluene, rt; (g) HCl, water, 1,4-dioxane, rt; (h) tert-butyl 4-bromobenzoate, palladium acetate, (rac)-BINAP, sodium tert-butoxide, toluene, reflux; (i) trifluoroacetic acid, rt. Then, HCl, ethyl acetate or 1,4-dioxane, rt (2 23%, 3 21%, 4 44%, 5 34%, 620%, 7 55%, 8 29%, 9 21%, 10 19%, 11 40%, 13 26%, 14 69%, 15 69% in 2 steps); (j) 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid, copper acetate, Et₃N, CH₂Cl₂, molecular sieve 4A, rt (S117%); (k) (COCl)₂, DMSO, Et₃N, CH₂Cl₂, −60 °C to rt (S12 was used in the next step without purification); (l) (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, NaBH(OAc)₃, acetic acid, CH₂Cl₂, rt. Then, separation of isomers; (m) HCl, ethyl acetate, rt (12 10% in 2 steps); (n) ethyl 4-bromophenylacetate, Pd₂(dba)₃, (2-biphenyl)di-tert-butylphosphine, sodium tert-butoxide, toluene, rt (S13 63%); (o) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, ethanol, rt (evocalcet (16) 73%).

evocalcet as a white crystal. MS-APCI (m/z): 375 [M+H]+ .

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.25-–8.37 (m, 1H), 7.88–7.97 (m, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.39–7.57 (m, 3H), 7.01 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 3.18–3.34 (m, 3H), 3.03–3.15 (m, 1H), 2.89–3.02 (m, 1H), 1.95–2.11 (m, 1H), 1.80–1.94 (m, 1H), 1.40 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H).

Anal. Calcd for C24H26N2O2: C 76.98; H 7.00; N 7.48. Found: C 76.83; H 7.06; N 7.46.

HPLC 99.6% (25.4 min, Inertsil ODS-3V [5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm], 0.05% TFA in H2O/0.05% TFA in CH3CN [95:5 to 0:100/60 min]).

References

Jump up^ Kawata, Takehisa; Tokunaga, Shin; Murai, Miki; Masuda, Nami; Haruyama, Waka; Shoukei, Youji; Hisada, Yutaka; Yanagida, Tetsuya; Miyazaki, Hiroshi; Wada, Michihito; Akizawa, Tadao; Fukagawa, Masafumi (2018). “A novel calcimimetic agent, evocalcet (MT-4580/KHK7580), suppresses the parathyroid cell function with little effect on the gastrointestinal tract or CYP isozymes in vivo and in vitro”. PLOS ONE. 13 (4): e0195316. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195316. PMID 29614098.
Jump up^ Miyazaki, Hiroshi; Ikeda, Yousuke; Sakurai, Osamu; Miyake, Tsutomu; Tsubota, Rie; Okabe, Jyunko; Kuroda, Masataka; Hisada, Yutaka; Yanagida, Tetsuya; Yoneda, Hikaru; Tsukumo, Yukihito; Tokunaga, Shin; Kawata, Takehisa; Ohashi, Rikiya; Fukuda, Hajime; Kojima, Koki; Kannami, Ayako; Kifuji, Takayuki; Sato, Naoya; Idei, Akiko; Iguchi, Taku; Sakairi, Tetsuya; Moritani, Yasunori (2018). “Discovery of evocalcet, a next-generation calcium-sensing receptor agonist for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism”. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 28 (11): 2055–2060. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.055.
Jump up^ “Kyowa Hakko Kirin Launches ORKEDIA® TABLETS (Evocalcet) for the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis in Japan” (Press release). Kyowa Hakko Kirin. May 22, 2018.

Evocalcet
Clinical data

Trade names	Orkedia
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	870964-67-3
PubChem CID	71242808
DrugBank	DB12388
UNII	E58MLH082P
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₄H₂₆N₂O₂
Molar mass	374.48 g·mol⁻¹

///////////////Evocalcet, エボカルセト , Эвокальцет , إيفوكالسيت , 依伏卡塞 , JAPAN 2018, KHK-7580, MT-4580, UNII:E58MLH082P, ORKEDIA

SMILES Code: O=C(O)CC1=CC=C(N2C[C@@H](N[C@@H](C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3)C)CC2)C=C1

C[C@H](c1cccc2c1cccc2)N[C@H]3CCN(C3)c4ccc(cc4)CC(=O)O

Patisiran

August 13, 2018 9:51 am / 1 Comment on Patisiran

Patisiran

Sense strand:
	GUAACCAAGAGUAUUCCAUdTdT
	Anti-sense strand:
	AUGGAAUACUCUUGGUUACdTdT

RNA, (A-U-G-G-A-A-Um-A-C-U-C-U-U-G-G-U-Um-A-C-dT-dT), complex with RNA (G-Um-A-A-Cm-Cm-A-A-G-A-G-Um-A-Um-Um-Cm-Cm-A-Um-dT-dT) (1:1),

ALN-18328, 6024128 , ALN-TTR02 , GENZ-438027 , SAR-438037 , 50FKX8CB2Y (UNII code)

for RNA, (A-U-G-G-A-A-Um-A-C-U-C-U-U-G-G-U-Um-A-C-dT-dT), complex with RNA(G-Um-A-A-Cm-Cm-A-A-G-A-G-Um-A-Um-Um-Cm-Cm-A-Um-dT-dT) (1:1)

Nucleic Acid Sequence

Sequence Length: 42, 21, 2112 a 7 c 7 g 4 t 12 umultistranded (2); modified

CAS 1420706-45-1

Treatment of Amyloidosis,

SEE…..https://endpts.com/gung-ho-alnylam-lands-historic-fda-ok-on-patisiran-revving-up-the-first-global-rollout-for-an-rnai-breakthrough/

Lipid-nanoparticle-encapsulated double-stranded siRNA targeting a 3 untranslated region of mutant and wild-type transthyretin mRNA

Patisiran (trade name Onpattro®) is a medication for the treatment of polyneuropathy in people with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis. It is the first small interfering RNA-based drug approved by the FDA. Through this mechanism, it is a gene silencing drug that interferes with the production of an abnormal form of transthyretin.

Chemical structure of Patisiran.

During its development, patisiran was granted orphan drug status, fast track designation, priority review and breakthrough therapy designation due to its novel mechanism and the rarity of the condition it is designed to treat.^[1]^[2] It was approved by the FDA in August 2018 and is expected to cost around $345,000 to $450,000 per year.^[3]

Patisiran was granted orphan drug designation in the U.S. and Japan for the treatment of familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Fast track designation was also granted in the U.S. for this indication. In the E.U., orphan drug designation was assigned to the compound for the treatment of transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (initially for the treatment of familial amyloid polyneuropathy)

Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis is a fatal rare disease that is estimated to affect 50,000 people worldwide. Patisiran is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat this condition.^[4]

Patisiran is a second-generation siRNA therapy targeting mutant transthyretin (TTR) developed by Alnylam for the treatment of familial amyloid polyneuropathy. The product is delivered by means of Arbutus Biopharma’s (formerly Tekmira Pharmaceuticals) lipid nanoparticle technology

“A lot of people think it’s winter out there for RNAi. But I think it’s springtime.” — Alnylam CEO John Maraganore, NYT, February 7, 2011.

Patisiran — designed to silence messenger RNA and block the production of TTR protein before it is made — is number 6 on Clarivate’s list of blockbusters set to launch this year, with a 2022 sales forecast of $1.22 billion. Some of the peak sales estimates range significantly higher as analysts crunch the numbers on a disease that afflicts only about 30,000 people worldwide.

PATENT

WO 2016033326

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2016033326A2

Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein produced primarily in the liver.

Mutations in the TTR gene destabilize the protein tetramer, leading to misfolding of monomers and aggregation into TTR amyloid fibrils (ATTR). Tissue deposition results in systemic ATTR amyloidosis (Coutinho et al, Forty years of experience with type I amyloid neuropathy. Review of 483 cases. In: Glenner et al, Amyloid and Amyloidosis, Amsterdam: Excerpta Media, 1980 pg. 88-93; Hou et al., Transthyretin and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of

neurodegeneration. FEBS J 2007, 274: 1637-1650; Westermark et al, Fibril in senile systemic amyloidosis is derived from normal transthyretin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990, 87: 2843-2845). Over 100 reported TTR mutations exhibit a spectrum of disease symptoms.

[0004] TTR amyloidosis manifests in various forms. When the peripheral nervous system is affected more prominently, the disease is termed familial amyloidotic

polyneuropathy (FAP). When the heart is primarily involved but the nervous system is not, the disease is called familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy (FAC). A third major type of TTR amyloidosis is called leptomeningeal/CNS (Central Nervous System) amyloidosis.

[0005] The most common mutations associated with familial amyloid polyneuropathy

(FAP) and ATTR-associated cardiomyopathy, respectively, are Val30Met (Coelho et al, Tafamidis for transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurology 2012, 79: 785-792) and Vall22Ile (Connors et al, Cardiac amyloidosis in African Americans: comparison of clinical and laboratory features of transthyretin VI 221 amyloidosis and immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Am Heart J 2009, 158: 607-614). [0006] Current treatment options for FAP focus on stabilizing or decreasing the amount of circulating amyloidogenic protein. Orthotopic liver transplantation reduces mutant TTR levels (Holmgren et al, Biochemical effect of liver transplantation in two Swedish patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP-met30). Clin Genet 1991, 40: 242-246), with improved survival reported in patients with early-stage FAP, although deposition of wild-type TTR may continue (Yazaki et al, Progressive wild-type transthyretin deposition after liver transplantation preferentially occurs into myocardium in FAP patients. Am J Transplant 2007, 7:235-242; Adams et al, Rapid progression of familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a multinational natural history study Neurology 2015 Aug 25; 85(8) 675-82; Yamashita et al, Long-term survival after liver transplantation in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Neurology 2012, 78: 637-643; Okamoto et al., Liver

transplantation for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: impact on Swedish patients’ survival. Liver Transpl 2009, 15: 1229-1235; Stangou et al, Progressive cardiac amyloidosis following liver transplantation for familial amyloid polyneuropathy: implications for amyloid fibrillogenesis. Transplantation 1998, 66:229-233; Fosby et al, Liver transplantation in the Nordic countries – An intention to treat and post-transplant analysis from The Nordic Liver Transplant Registry 1982-2013. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jun; 50(6):797-808.

Transplantation, in press).

[0007] Tafamidis and diflunisal stabilize circulating TTR tetramers, which can slow the rate of disease progression (Berk et al, Repurposing diflunisal for familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013, 310: 2658-2667; Coelho et al., 2012; Coelho et al, Long-term effects of tafamidis for the treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. J Neurol 2013, 260: 2802-2814; Lozeron et al, Effect on disability and safety of Tafamidis in late onset of Met30 transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2013, 20: 1539-1545). However, symptoms continue to worsen on treatment in a large proportion of patients, highlighting the need for new, disease-modifying treatment options for FAP.

[0008] Description of dsRNA targeting TTR can be found in, for example,

International patent application no. PCT/US2009/061381 (WO2010/048228) and

International patent application no. PCT/US2010/05531 1 (WO201 1/056883). Summary

[0009] Described herein are methods for reducing or arresting an increase in a

Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) or a modified NIS (mNIS+7) in a human subject by administering an effective amount of a transthyretin (TTR)-inhibiting composition, wherein the effective amount reduces a concentration of TTR protein in serum of the human subject to below 50 μg/ml or by at least 80%. Also described herein are methods for adjusting a dosage of a TTR- inhibiting composition for treatment of increasing NIS or Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP) by administering the TTR- inhibiting composition to a subject having the increasing NIS or FAP, and determining a level of TTR protein in the subject having the increasing NIS or FAP. In some embodiments, the amount of the TTR- inhibiting composition subsequently administered to the subject is increased if the level of TTR protein is greater than 50 μg/ml, and the amount of the TTR- inhibiting composition subsequently administered to the subject is decreased if the level of TTR protein is below 50 μg/ml. Also described herein are formulated versions of a TTR inhibiting siRNA.

Image result for Alnylam

PATENT

WO 2016203402

PAPERS

Annals of Medicine (Abingdon, United Kingdom) (2015), 47(8), 625-638.

Pharmaceutical Research (2017), 34(7), 1339-1363

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2017), 57, 81-105

CLIP

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Alnylam Announces First-Ever FDA Approval of an RNAi Therapeutic, ONPATTRO™ (patisiran) for the Treatment of the Polyneuropathy of Hereditary Transthyretin-Mediated Amyloidosis in Adults

Aug 10,2018

− First and Only FDA-approved Treatment Available in the United States for this Indication –

− ONPATTRO Shown to Improve Polyneuropathy Relative to Placebo, with Reversal of Neuropathy Impairment Compared to Baseline in Majority of Patients –

− Improvement in Specified Measures of Quality of Life and Disease Burden Demonstrated Across Diverse, Global Patient Population –

− Alnylam to Host Conference Call Today at 3:00 p.m. ET. −

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Aug. 10, 2018– Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: ALNY), the leading RNAi therapeutics company, announced today that the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ONPATTRO™ (patisiran) lipid complex injection, a first-of-its-kind RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic, for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. ONPATTRO is the first and onlyFDA-approved treatment for this indication. hATTR amyloidosis is a rare, inherited, rapidly progressive and life-threatening disease with a constellation of manifestations. In addition to polyneuropathy, hATTR amyloidosis can lead to other significant disabilities including decreased ambulation with the loss of the ability to walk unaided, a reduced quality of life, and a decline in cardiac functioning. In the largest controlled study of hATTR amyloidosis, ONPATTRO was shown to improve polyneuropathy – with reversal of neuropathy impairment in a majority of patients – and to improve a composite quality of life measure, reduce autonomic symptoms, and improve activities of daily living.

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This press release features multimedia. View the full release here:https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180810005398/en/

ONPATTRO™ (patisiran) packaging and product vial (Photo: Business Wire)

“Alnylam was founded on the vision of harnessing the potential of RNAi therapeutics to treat human disease, and this approval heralds the arrival of an entirely new class of medicines. We believe today draws us ever-closer to achieving our Alnylam 2020 goals of becoming a fully integrated, multi-product biopharmaceutical company with a sustainable pipeline,” said John Maraganore, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Alnylam. “With the potential for the sequential launches of several new medicines in the coming years, we believe we have the opportunity to meaningfully impact the lives of people around the world in need of new approaches to address serious diseases with significant unmet medical needs.”

“Today’s historic approval marks the arrival of a first-of-its kind treatment option for a rare and devastating condition with limited treatment options,” said Akshay Vaishnaw, M.D., Ph.D., President of R&D at Alnylam. “We extend our deepest gratitude to the patients who participated in the ONPATTRO clinical trials and their families and caregivers who supported them. We are also grateful for the tireless efforts of the investigators and study staff, without whom this important milestone would not have been possible. We also look forward to working with the FDA to potentially expand the ONPATTRO indication in the future.”

The FDA approval of ONPATTRO was based on positive results from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, global Phase 3 APOLLO study, the largest-ever study in hATTR amyloidosis patients with polyneuropathy. Results from the APOLLO study were published in the July 5, 2018, issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.

In APOLLO, the safety and efficacy of ONPATTRO were evaluated in a diverse, global population of hATTR amyloidosis patients in 19 countries, with a total of 39 TTR mutations. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intravenous ONPATTRO (0.3 mg per kg of body weight) or placebo once every 3 weeks for 18 months. The study showed that ONPATTRO improved measures of polyneuropathy, quality of life, activities of daily living, ambulation, nutritional status and autonomic symptoms relative to placebo in adult patients with hATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. The primary endpoint of the APOLLO study was the modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 (mNIS+7), which assesses motor strength, reflexes, sensation, nerve conduction and postural blood pressure.

Patients treated with ONPATTRO had a mean 6.0-point decrease (improvement) in mNIS+7 score from baseline compared to a mean 28.0-point increase (worsening) for patients in the placebo group, resulting in a mean 34.0-point difference relative to placebo, after 18 months of treatment.
While nearly all ONPATTRO-treated patients experienced a treatment benefit relative to placebo, 56 percent of ONPATTRO-treated patients at 18 months of treatment experienced reversal of neuropathy impairment (as assessed by mNIS+7 score) relative to their own baseline, compared to four percent of patients who received placebo.
Patients treated with ONPATTRO had a mean 6.7-point decrease (improvement) in Norfolk Quality of Life Diabetic Neuropathy (QoL-DN) score from baseline compared to a mean 14.4-point increase (worsening) for patients in the placebo group, resulting in a mean 21.1-point difference relative to placebo, after 18 months of treatment.
As measured by Norfolk QoL-DN, 51 percent of patients treated with ONPATTRO experienced improvement in quality of life at 18 months relative to their own baseline, compared to 10 percent of the placebo-treated patients.
Over 18 months of treatment, patients treated with ONPATTRO experienced significant benefit vs. placebo for all other secondary efficacy endpoints, including measures of activities of daily living, walking ability, nutritional status, and autonomic symptoms.
The most common adverse events that occurred more frequently with ONPATTRO than with placebo were upper respiratory tract infections and infusion-related reactions. To reduce the risk of infusion-related reactions, patients received premedications prior to infusion.

“FDA approval of ONPATTRO represents an entirely new approach to treating patients with polyneuropathy in hATTR amyloidosis and shows promise as a new era in patient care,” said John Berk, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and assistant director of the Amyloidosis Center at Boston University School of Medicine. “Given the strength of the APOLLO data, including data showing the possibility of halting or improving disease progression in many patients, ONPATTRO holds tremendous promise for people living with this disease.”

“For years I have witnessed the tragic impact of hATTR amyloidosis on generations of families. Today, we celebrate the FDA approval of ONPATTRO,” said Muriel Finkel, President of Amyloidosis Support Groups. “It’s extremely gratifying to see promising science translate into a treatment option that will allow patients to potentially experience an improvement in their disease and an improvement in their overall quality of life.”

“Today’s approval is significant in so many respects. It means the hATTR amyloidosis community of patients, families, caregivers and healthcare professionals in the United States now has a treatment option that offers renewed hope,” said Isabelle Lousada, Founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Amyloidosis Research Consortium. “With an FDA-approved treatment now available, I am more optimistic than ever that we can increase awareness of this rare disease and encourage more people to get tested and receive the proper diagnosis.”

ONPATTRO is expected to be available for shipment to healthcare providers in the U.S. within 48 hours.

Alnylam is committed to helping people access the medicines they are prescribed and will be offering comprehensive support services for people prescribed ONPATTRO through Alnylam Assist™. Visit AlnylamAssist.com for more information or call 1-833-256-2748.

ONPATTRO was reviewed by the FDA under Priority Review and had previously been granted Breakthrough Therapy and Orphan Drug Designations. On July 27, patisiran received a positive opinion from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis in adults with stage 1 or stage 2 polyneuropathy under accelerated assessment by the European Medicines Agency. The recommended Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for the European Union (EU) includes data on secondary and exploratory endpoints. Expected in September, the European Commission will review the CHMP recommendation to make a final decision on marketing authorization, applicable to all 28 EU member states, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Regulatory filings in other markets, including Japan, are planned beginning in mid-2018.

Visit ONPATTRO.com for more information,

About ONPATTRO™ (patisiran) lipid complex injection
ONPATTRO was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. ONPATTRO is the first and only RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic approved by the FDA for this indication. ONPATTRO utilizes a novel approach to target and reduce production of the TTR protein in the liver via the RNAi pathway. Reducing the TTR protein leads to a reduction in the amyloid deposits that accumulate in tissues. ONPATTRO is administered through intravenous (IV) infusion once every 3 weeks following required premedication and the dose is based on actual body weight. Home infusion may be an option for some patients after an evaluation and recommendation by the treating physician, and may not be covered by all insurance plans. Regardless of the setting, ONPATTRO infusions should be performed by a healthcare professional. For more information about ONPATTRO, visit ONPATTRO.com.

About hATTR Amyloidosis
Hereditary transthyretin (TTR)-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) is an inherited, progressively debilitating, and often fatal disease caused by mutations in the TTR gene. TTR protein is primarily produced in the liver and is normally a carrier of vitamin A. Mutations in the TTR gene cause abnormal amyloid proteins to accumulate and damage body organs and tissue, such as the peripheral nerves and heart, resulting in intractable peripheral sensory neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and/or cardiomyopathy, as well as other disease manifestations. hATTR amyloidosis represents a major unmet medical need with significant morbidity and mortality. The median survival is 4.7 years following diagnosis. Until now, people living with hATTR amyloidosis in the U.S. had no FDA-approved treatment options.

Alnylam Assist™
As part of Alnylam’s commitment to making therapies available to those who may benefit from them, Alnylam Assist will offer a wide range of services to guide patients through treatment with ONPATTRO, including financial assistance options for eligible patients, benefit verification and claims support, and ordering assistance and facilitation of delivery via specialty distributor or specialty pharmacy. Patients will have access to dedicated Case Managers who can provide personalized support throughout the treatment process and Patient Education Liaisons to help patients gain a better understanding of the disease. Visit AlnylamAssist.com for more information.

About RNAi
RNAi (RNA interference) is a natural cellular process of gene silencing that represents one of the most promising and rapidly advancing frontiers in biology and drug development today. Its discovery has been heralded as “a major scientific breakthrough that happens once every decade or so,” and was recognized with the award of the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. RNAi therapeutics are a new class of medicines that harness the natural biological process of RNAi. Small interfering RNA (siRNA), the molecules that mediate RNAi and comprise Alnylam’s RNAi therapeutic platform, function upstream of today’s medicines by potently silencing messenger RNA (mRNA) – the genetic precursors – that encode for disease-causing proteins, thus preventing them from being made. This is a revolutionary approach in developing medicines to improve the care of patients with genetic and other diseases.

About Alnylam
Alnylam (Nasdaq: ALNY) is leading the translation of RNA interference (RNAi) into a whole new class of innovative medicines with the potential to improve the lives of people afflicted with rare genetic, cardio-metabolic, and hepatic infectious diseases. Based on Nobel Prize-winning science, RNAi therapeutics represent a powerful, clinically validated approach for the treatment of a wide range of severe and debilitating diseases. Founded in 2002, Alnylam is delivering on a bold vision to turn scientific possibility into reality, with a robust discovery platform. ONPATTRO, available in the U.S. for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults, is Alnylam’s first U.S. FDA-approved RNAi therapeutic. Alnylam has a deep pipeline of investigational medicines, including three product candidates that are in late-stage development. Looking forward, Alnylam will continue to execute on its “Alnylam 2020” strategy of building a multi-product, commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company with a sustainable pipeline of RNAi-based medicines to address the needs of patients who have limited or inadequate treatment options. Alnylam employs over 800 people worldwide and is headquartered in Cambridge, MA. For more information about our people, science and pipeline, please visit www.alnylam.com and engage with us on Twitter at @Alnylam or on LinkedIn.

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FDA approves first-of-its kind targeted RNA-based therapy to treat a rare disease

First treatment for the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis in adult patients

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Onpattro (patisiran) infusion for the treatment of peripheral nerve disease (polyneuropathy) caused by hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) in adult patients. This is the first FDA-approved treatment for patients with polyneuropathy caused by hATTR, a rare, debilitating and often fatal genetic disease characterized by the buildup of abnormal amyloid protein in peripheral nerves, the heart and other organs. It is also the first FDA approval of a new class of drugs called small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) treatment

https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/UCM616518.htm?utm_campaign=08102018_PR_FDA%20approves%20new%20drug%20for%20rare%20disease%2C%20hATTR&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Eloqua

August 10, 2018

Release

“This approval is part of a broader wave of advances that allow us to treat disease by actually targeting the root cause, enabling us to arrest or reverse a condition, rather than only being able to slow its progression or treat its symptoms. In this case, the effects of the disease cause a degeneration of the nerves, which can manifest in pain, weakness and loss of mobility,” said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D. “New technologies like RNA inhibitors, that alter the genetic drivers of a disease, have the potential to transform medicine, so we can better confront and even cure debilitating illnesses. We’re committed to advancing scientific principles that enable the efficient development and review of safe, effective and groundbreaking treatments that have the potential to change patients’ lives.”

RNA acts as a messenger within the body’s cells, carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins. RNA interference is a process that occurs naturally within our cells to block how certain genes are expressed. Since its discovery in 1998, scientists have used RNA interference as a tool to investigate gene function and its involvement in health and disease. Researchers at the National Institutes of Health, for example, have used robotic technologies to introduce siRNAs into human cells to individually turn off nearly 22,000 genes.

This new class of drugs, called siRNAs, work by silencing a portion of RNA involved in causing the disease. More specifically, Onpattro encases the siRNA into a lipid nanoparticle to deliver the drug directly into the liver, in an infusion treatment, to alter or halt the production of disease-causing proteins.

Affecting about 50,000 people worldwide, hATTR is a rare condition. It is characterized by the buildup of abnormal deposits of protein fibers called amyloid in the body’s organs and tissues, interfering with their normal functioning. These protein deposits most frequently occur in the peripheral nervous system, which can result in a loss of sensation, pain, or immobility in the arms, legs, hands and feet. Amyloid deposits can also affect the functioning of the heart, kidneys, eyes and gastrointestinal tract. Treatment options have generally focused on symptom management.

Onpattro is designed to interfere with RNA production of an abnormal form of the protein transthyretin (TTR). By preventing the production of TTR, the drug can help reduce the accumulation of amyloid deposits in peripheral nerves, improving symptoms and helping patients better manage the condition.

“There has been a long-standing need for a treatment for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis polyneuropathy. This unique targeted therapy offers these patients an innovative treatment for their symptoms that directly affects the underlying basis of this disease,” said Billy Dunn, M.D., director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

The efficacy of Onpattro was shown in a clinical trial involving 225 patients, 148 of whom were randomly assigned to receive an Onpattro infusion once every three weeks for 18 months, and 77 of whom were randomly assigned to receive a placebo infusion at the same frequency. The patients who received Onpattro had better outcomes on measures of polyneuropathy including muscle strength, sensation (pain, temperature, numbness), reflexes and autonomic symptoms (blood pressure, heart rate, digestion) compared to those receiving the placebo infusions. Onpattro-treated patients also scored better on assessments of walking, nutritional status and the ability to perform activities of daily living.

The most common adverse reactions reported by patients treated with Onpattro are infusion-related reactions including flushing, back pain, nausea, abdominal pain, dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and headache. All patients who participated in the clinical trials received premedication with a corticosteroid, acetaminophen, and antihistamines (H1 and H2 blockers) to reduce the occurrence of infusion-related reactions. Patients may also experience vision problems including dry eyes, blurred vision and eye floaters (vitreous floaters). Onpattro leads to a decrease in serum vitamin A levels, so patients should take a daily Vitamin A supplement at the recommended daily allowance.

The FDA granted this application Fast Track, Priority Review and Breakthrough Therapy designations. Onpattro also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

Approval of Onpattro was granted to Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

References

Jump up^ “FDA approves first-of-its kind targeted RNA-based therapy to treat a rare disease” (Press release). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
Jump up^ Brooks, Megan (10 August 2018). “FDA OKs Patisiran (Onpattro) for Polyneuropathy in hAATR”. Medscape. WebMD. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
Jump up^ Lipschultz, Bailey; Cortez, Michelle (10 August 2018). “Rare-Disease Treatment From Alnylam to Cost $450,000 a Year”. Bloomberg. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
Jump up^ Loftus, Peter (10 August 2018). “New Kind of Drug, Silencing Genes, Gets FDA Approval”. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 August 2018.

////////////// Onpattro, patisiran, fda 2018, Fast Track, Priority Review, Breakthrough Therapy, Orphan Drug designation, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, ALN-18328, 6024128 , ALN-TTR02 , GENZ-438027 , SAR-438037 , 50FKX8CB2Y

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FDA approves new vaginal ring for one year of birth control

August 12, 2018 6:27 am / 1 Comment on FDA approves new vaginal ring for one year of birth control

FDA approves new vaginal ring for one year of birth control

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Annovera (segesterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol vaginal system), which is a combined hormonal contraceptive for women of reproductive age used to prevent pregnancy and is the first vaginal ring contraceptive that can be used for an entire year. Annovera is a reusable donut-shaped (ring), non-biodegradable, flexible vaginal system that is placed in the vagina for three weeks followed by one week out of the vagina, at which time women may experience a period (a withdrawal bleed). This schedule is repeated every four weeks for one year (thirteen 28-day menstrual cycles).

https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/UCM616541.htm?utm_campaign=08102018_PR_FDA%20approves%20new%20vaginal%20ring%20for%20one%20year%20of%20birth%20control&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Eloqua

August 10, 2018

Release

“The FDA is committed to supporting innovation in women’s health and today’s approval builds on available birth control options,” states Victor Crentsil, M.D., acting deputy director of the Office of Drug Evaluation III in FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Annovera is washed and stored in a compact case for the seven days not in use. Annovera does not require refrigeration prior to dispensing and can withstand storage temperatures up to 30°C (86°F).

The efficacy and safety of Annovera were studied in three, open label clinical trials with healthy women ranging from 18 to 40 years of age. Based on the results, about two to four women out of 100 women may get pregnant during the first year they use Annovera.

All hormonal contraception carries serious risks. Annovera carries a boxed warning relating to cigarette smoking and serious cardiovascular events. Women over 35 who smoke should not use Annovera. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events from combination hormonal contraceptive use.

Annovera is contraindicated and should not be used in women with:

A high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases;
Current or history of breast cancer or other estrogen- or progestin-sensitive cancer;
Liver tumors, acute hepatitis, or severe (decompensated) cirrhosis;
Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding;
Hypersensitivity to any of the components of Annovera; and
Use of Hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir.

The most common side effects in women using Annovera are similar to those of other combined hormonal contraceptive products and include headache/migraine, nausea/vomiting, yeast infections, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), breast tenderness, irregular bleeding, diarrhea and genital itching.

The FDA is requiring postmarketing studies to further evaluate the risks of venous thromboembolism, and the effects of CYP3A modulating drugs and tampon use on the pharmacokinetics of Annovera.

The FDA granted approval of Annovera to The Population Council, Inc.

/////////////fda 2018, Annovera, segesterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol, vaginal system

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“A lot of people think it’s winter out there for RNAi. But I think it’s springtime.” — Alnylam CEO John Maraganore, NYT, February 7, 2011.