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Diethyl benzylmalonate, IR, NMR, Mass

April 8, 2014 7:01 am / 1 Comment on Diethyl benzylmalonate, IR, NMR, Mass

structure

The mass spectrum displays a molecular ion, an m-45 and a peak at m/e = 91, all of which are consistent with a molecule containing benzyl and ethoxy groups.

The ¹³C spectrum contains six peaks, indicating that the molecule has some elements of symmetry. The quartet at 56 and the triplet at 71 represent a CH₃ and a CH₂ group which are deshielded by electronegative atoms (most likely oxygen); the peaks at 161 – 128 are in the aromatic region; the fact that three doublets and one singlet are observed strongly suggests monosubstitution.

The proton NMR also shows evidence for two ethyl groups, a CH-CH₂– group, and a monosubstituted aromatic group; the chemical shift suggests that the carbons of the CH-CH₂– adjacent to one or more electronegative groups.

The IR is consistent with an aromatic compound containing a carbonyl group.

The simplest structure which is consistent with all of these data would be an aromatic compound linked via a -CH₂CH group to a diethyl ester.

Structure:

IUPAC Name: ethyl ethyl benzylpropanedioate (diethyl benzylmalonate)

607-81-8

C₁₄H₁₈O₄; MW = 250.29

1H NMR

The proton NMR has a coupled quartet and a triplet, consistent with an ethyl group in which the CH₂ (at 4.1) is adjacent to an electronegative atom (most likely oxygen). The presence of a coupled triplet and doublet suggests the presence of a CH-CH₂– group in which both carbons are adjacent to one or more electronegative atoms. The singlet at 7.1 is consistent with a monosubstituted aromatic compound.

NMR Spectrum

13C NMR

The ¹³C spectrum contains nine peaks, indicating that the molecule has some elements of symmetry. The quartet at 14 and the triplet at 60 represent a simple CH₃ and a CH₂ which is deshielded by an electronegative atom (most likely oxygen); the doublet at 58 and the triplet at 36 are CH and CH₂ groups which are adjacent to one or more electronegative groups. The peaks at 141 – 125 are in the aromatic region; the fact that three doublets and one singlet are observed strongly suggests monosubstitution.

¹³C NMR Assignments: C-13 assignments

MASS

The mass spectrum consists of a molecular ion at 250, a base peak at 91 (a benzyl group), an m-45 peak at 205, indicating the presence of an ethoxy group; other significant peaks at 131 and 176 must be consistent with the proposed structure. The spectrum is consistent with a molecule containing ethoxy and benzyl groups.

Mass Spectrum

Mass Spectrum Fragments: C-13 assignments

3400-3200 cm^–¹: no OH peak 3100 cm^–¹: small peak, suggesting unsaturated CH 2900 cm^–¹: strong peak suggesting saturated CH 2200 cm^–¹: no unsymmetrical triple bonds 1730 cm^–¹: strong carbonyl 1610 and 1500 cm^–¹: weak peaks, vaguely consistent with aromatic carbon-carbon double bonds

ADDITIONAL INFO FOR READER ON SPECTROSCOPY

SEE THE FUN WHEN A CARBONYL IS INTRODUCED

BENZOYLMALONIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER Structure

1H NMR

13 C NMR

MASS

RAMAN

4-methoxyphenyl methanol, (4-メトキシフェニル)メタノール NMR, IR , MASS

April 8, 2014 6:19 am / 3 Comments on 4-methoxyphenyl methanol, (4-メトキシフェニル)メタノール NMR, IR , MASS

(4-methoxyphenyl)methanol

Structure:

IUPAC Name: 4-methoxyphenyl methanol

C₆H₁₀O₃; MW = 138.17

The molecule contains two oxygens, and from the analysis, contains four double bonds, carbonyls or rings. The large number of degrees of unsaturation strongly suggests an aromatic compound (DU = 4).

The mass spectrum displays a molecular ion, which is the base peak, an m-1 and an m-17, all of which are consistent with a simple alcohol.

The ¹³C spectrum contains six peaks, indicating that the molecule has some elements of symmetry. The quartet at 56 and the triplet at 71 represent a CH₃ and a CH₂ group which are deshielded by electronegative atoms (most likely oxygen); the peaks at 161 – 128 are in the aromatic region; the fact that two doublets and two singlets are observed strongly suggests 1,4-disubstitution.

The proton NMR also shows evidence for aromatic 1,4-disubstitution and suggests that the methyl and methylene are isolated and adjacent to electronegative groups. A peak consistent with an alcoholic OH can also be seen.

The IR is consistent with an aromatic alcohol containing no carbonyl group, suggesting that the second oxygen is involved in an ether linkage.

The simplest structure which is consistent with all of these data would be an aromatic compound containing an alcohol group and a methyl ether, situated 1,4 relative to each other.

IH NMR

The proton NMR has two doublets at 6.9, consistent with aromatic 1,4-disubstitution, and three singlets, areas 3, 2 and 1. The singlets at 3.6 and 4.7 are highly shifted and suggest isolated CH₃ and CH₂ groups adjacent to one or more electronegative atoms or groups. The singlet, area 1, would be consistent with an alcohol.

NMR Spectrum

Predict NMR spectrum

13C NMR

The ¹³C spectrum contains six peaks, indicating that the molecule has some elements of symmetry. The quartet at 56 and the triplet at 71 represent a CH₃ and a CH₂ group which are deshielded by electronegative atoms (most likely oxygen); the peaks at 161 – 128 are in the aromatic region; the fact that two doublets and two singlets are observed strongly suggests 1,4-disubstitution.

¹³C NMR Data: q-56.0; t-71.0; d-114.3; d-128.3; s-160.9; s-133.2

¹³C NMR Assignments: C-13 assignments

MASS

The mass spectrum consists of a molecular ion at 138, which is also the base peak, an m-1 peak at 137, indicating the presence of a labile hydrogen (OH or CHO), and an m-17 peak (loss of HO-). The spectrum is consistent with an alcohol which cannot readily break down to form other stable radical cations.

Mass Spectrum

Mass Spectrum Fragments: C-13 assignments

3400-3200 cm^–¹: strong OH peak 3100 cm^–¹: small peak, suggesting possible unsaturated CH 2900 cm^–¹: strong peak suggesting saturated CH 2200 cm^–¹: no unsymmetrical triple bonds 1710 cm^–¹: no carbonyl 1610 and 1500 cm^–¹: sharp peaks, consistent with aromatic carbon-carbon double bonds

Synthetic Communications, 18, p. 613, 1988 DOI: 10.1080/00397918808064019
Synthesis, p. 1081, 1984
Tetrahedron Letters, 32, p. 3243, 1991

LM11A-31-BHS….. (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide

April 8, 2014 5:55 am / 3 Comments on LM11A-31-BHS….. (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide

LM11A-31-BHS

(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide

2-Amino-3-methyl-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-pentanamide dihydrochloride

CAS Number 1214672-15-7
Empirical Formula C₁₂H₂₅N₃O₂ · 2HCl
Molecular Weight 316.27

LM11A-31 is a non-peptide ligand of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). LM11A-31 blocks pro-NGF induced cell death in neuronal cultures, and protects neuronal cells from the the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin or methotrexate. Oral administration of LM11A-31 promotes the survival of oligodendrocytes and myelinated axons in a mouse spinal cord injury model and improves function in both weight-bearing and non-weight bearing tests.Inhibits death of hippocampal neurons at 100–1,000 pM

http://amcrasto.wix.com/anthony-melvin-crasto/apps/blog/lm11a-31-new-drug-can-help-paralyzed

PharmatrophiX

LM11A-31, NEW DRUG CAN HELP PARALYZED PEOPLE WALK AGAIN

11 Jan 2013

LM11A-31, C₁₂ H₂₅ N₃ O_2, Pentanamide, 2-amino-3-methyl-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]- WO 2010102212 TO LONGO FRANK, PUB 10.09.2010 THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL

PATENT LINK

http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/WO2010102212

Scientists have developed a pill which they claim could help paralyzed people walk again.

The new drug allowed mice with no movement in their lower limbs to walk with ‘well-coordinated steps’ and even to replicate swimming motions, researchers said.

The experimental drug, called LM11A-31, was developed by Professor Frank Longo, of Stanford University, California.

The researchers gave three different oral doses of LM11A-31, as well as a placebo, to different groups of mice beginning four hours after injury and then twice daily for a 42 day experimental period, the ‘Daily Mail’ reported.

In tests, the experimental medication did not increase pain in the mice and showed no toxic effects on the animals.

It also efficiently crossed the blood brain barrier, which protects the central nervous system from potentially harmful chemicals carried around in the rest of the bloodstream.

An injury to the spinal cord stops the brain controlling the body and this is the first time an oral drug has been shown to provide an effective therapy.

“This is a first to have a drug that can be taken orally to produce functional improvement with no toxicity in a rodent model,” Professor Sung Ok Yoon, of Ohio State University, Columbus, said.

“So far, in the spinal cord injury field with rodent models, effective treatments have included more than one therapy, often involving invasive means. Here, with a single agent, we were able to obtain functional improvement,” Yoon said.

The small molecule in the study was tested for its ability to prevent the death of cells called oligodendrocytes.

These cells surround and protect axons, long projections of a nerve cell, by wrapping them in a myelin sheath that protect the fibres.

In addition to functioning as axon insulation, myelin allows for the rapid transmission of signals between nerve cells.

The drug preserved oligodendrocytes by inhibiting the activation of a protein called p75. Yoon’s lab previously found p75 is linked to the death of these specialised cells after a spinal cord injury. When they die, axons that are supported by them degenerate.

“Because we know oligodendrocytes continue to die for a long period of time after an injury, we took the approach that if we could put a brake on that cell death, we could prevent continued degeneration of axons,” she said.

FULL TEXT – JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/26/20/5288.full

Small, Nonpeptide p75^NTR Ligands Induce Survival Signaling and Inhibit proNGF-Induced Death in Journal of neuroscience, 26(20): 5288-5300; doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3547-05.2006 by SM Massa – 2006 – Cited by 51 – Related articles
17 May 2006 – At 5 nm, LM11A-24 and -31 inhibit TUNEL staining to a degree … We further prioritized LM11A–31, because preliminary studies

Small, Nonpeptide p75^NTR Ligands Induce Survival Signaling and Inhibit proNGF-Induced Death

2010 SLIDE PRESENTATION RE P75 (E.G. LM11A–31) BY PHARMATROPHIX’S …

investorvillage.com/smbd.asp?mb=160&mn=440341…

3 Nov 2010 – 2010 slide presentation re p75 (e.g. LM11A–31) by PharmatrophiX’s founder. Longo is PharmatrophiX’s founder.

The experimental drug was developed by Prof Frank Longo from Stanford University

Suppression of immunodeficiency virus-associated neural damage by the p75 neurotrophin receptor ligand, LM11A-31, in an in vitro feline model. Meeker RB, Poulton W, Feng WH, Hudson L, Longo FM. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012; 7 (2): 388-400

Prof Frank Longo from Stanford University publications

http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/cancer/frdActionServlet?choiceId=showFacPublications&fid=7249&

Patents

1 US2013005731 (A1) ― 2013-01-03

http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=2013005731A1&KC=A1&FT=D&ND=3&date=20130103&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP

2 WO2011150347 (A2) ― 2011-12-01

http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=WO&NR=2011150347A2&KC=A2&FT=D&ND=3&date=20111201&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP

3 US2011230479 (A1) ― 2011-09-22

http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=2011230479A1&KC=A1&FT=D&ND=3&date=20110922&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP

<a href=”http://www.bloglovin.com/blog/4674983/?claim=hj3e8pdf2nd”>Follow my blog with Bloglovin</a>

………………..

http://www.google.com.mx/patents/US7723328

TABLE I

Structures of Compounds 1-6
Compound	Name

	Compound 1 (also referred to herein as “LM11A-28”)

	Compound 2 (also referred to herein as “LM11A-7”)

	Compound 3 (also referred to herein as “LM11A-24”, “24”, and “C24”)

	Compound 4 (also referred to herein as “LM11A-31” and “31”)

	Compound 5 (also referred to herein as “LM11A-36”, “36”, and “C36”)

	Compound 6 (also referred to herein as “LM11A-38” and “C38”)

	Compound 7

…………………….

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2010102212A2?cl=en

Table I. Structures of Compounds i-vii

Example 32: Preparation of enantiomerically pure 2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2- morpholino-ethyϊ)-pentanamide

[00332] 2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide can be prepared by a method shown in Scheme 4 below. First, 2-aminoethanol (Compound IE) is transformed to its derivative with a leaving group (Compound 2E). Examples of the leaving group include halides and alkoxy or other activated hydroxyl group. Second, Compound 2E reacts with morpholine at a neutral or basic condition to yield 2-morpholinoethanamine (Compound 3E). The aforementioned two steps may also be performed continuously as one step with Compound 2E being generated in situ. For example, Compound 3 E can be prepared from Compound IE directly through a Mitsunobu reaction wherein the hydroxyl group of Compound IE is activated by diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) before morpholine is added. The final product, 2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-moipholinoethyl)-pentanamide (Compound 5E), can be obtained by coupling 2-morpholinoethanamine with 2-amino-3- methylpentanoic acid (Compound 4E) via a peptide coupling agent. Examples of the peptide coupling agent include l,r-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1- hydroxybenzo-7-azatriazole (HOAt), and the like. Scheme 4:

H₂N^^0H — H₂N^ ^{/ LG} , _p , .

¹ _Ot= LG: a leaving group

1E zt

[00333] A chiral 2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-moφholinoethyl)-pentanamide (Compound 5E) can be obtained by using the corresponding chiral 2-amino-3- methylpentanoic acid (Compound 4E) in the above coupling step. For example, (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-moφholinoethyl)-pentanamide; (2R,3R)-2-amino- 3 -methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide; (2R,3 S)-2-amino-3 -methyl-N-(2- moφholinoethyl)-pentanamide; and (2S,3R)-2-ammo-3-methyl-N-(2- morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide can be obtained by using (2S,3S)-2-amino-3- methylpentanoic acid, i.e., L-isoleucine; (2R,3R)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, i.e., D-isoleucine; (2R,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, i.e., D-alloisoleucine; and (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, i.e., L-alloisoleucine, respectively. [00334] The chiral purity, also known as, enantiomeric excess or EE, of a chiral Compound 5E can be determined by any method known to one skilled in the art. For example, a chiral Compound 5E can be hydrolyzed to Compound 3E and the corresponding chiral Compound 4E. Then, the chiral Compound 4E obtained through hydrolysis can be compared with a standard chiral sample of Compound 4E to determine the chiral purity of the chiral Compound 5E. The determination can be conducted by using a chiral HPLC.

……………….

http://www.google.co.in/patents/EP2498782A1?cl=en

Scheme A shows the chemical structures of the present compounds.

(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl-/V-(2-mor holinoethyl)pentanamide

(2R,3R)-2-amin -3-methyl-A/-(2-morpholinoethyl)pentanamide

(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-meth l-A/-(2-morpholinoethyl)pentanamide

] Q (2R,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl-/ /-(2-morpholinoethyl)pentanamide

The free base compound of 2-amino-3-niethyl- -(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide can be prepared from isoleucine by synthetic methods known to one skilled in the art.

Standard procedures and chemical transformation and related methods are well known to one skilled in the art, and such methods and procedures have been described, for example, in standard references such as Fiesers’ Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 2002: Organic Reactions, vols, 1-83, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 2006; March J, and Smith M,, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY; and Larock R.C., Comprehensive Organic Transformations, Wiley-VCH Publishers, New York, 1999. All texts and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Other related synthetic methods can be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2006/024072 and 2007/0060526, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. The amorphous dihydrochloride (di-HCl) salt of 2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide can be prepared by mixing two molar ecjuivalents of HC1 with one molar equivalent of 2-amino- 3-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)~pentanamide in appropriate solvent(s) and then separating the di-HCl salt from the solvent(s) mixture.

The amorphous di-HCl salt of 2-aniino-3-methyl-N-(2-moi holinoethyl)-pentariamide was analyzed via the methods as described above. The XRD analysis indicated it was amorphous/low ordered as shown in Figure 1 , The DSC thermogram exhibited a broad endotherm with onset temperature 37 °C and peak temperature 74 °C and an enthalpy value of ΔΗ = 80 J/g. The TGA thermogram indicated the di-HCl salt is anhydrous and starts to decompose after about 200°C. An overlay of DSC and TGA thermograms are shown in Figure 2. The moisture sorption-desorpiion isotherm of the di-HC! salt (Figures 3 A and 3 B ) was collected using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis. The material did not adsorb much moisture from 0% to 20% RH, then it showed steady sorption up to 140 wt% moisture at 95% RH (likely deliquescence). This sample showed rapid desorption from 95% to 70% RH and then continues desorbing at a relatively slower pace to a mass about 5 wt% greater than the original value at 0% RH. This sample shows a small hysteresis between the sorption and desorption phase. O verall this material is quite hygroscopic. The crude solubility of the di-HCl salt in water was >30 mg/niL. The proton N MR spectrum of the amorphous di-HCl salt is shown in Figure 4. Example 2. Preparation of 2-amino-3-methyl- -(2-morpholinoethy[)-pentanamide (free base):

Five grams of 2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide di-HCl salt was dissolved in 150 mL of ethanol. Sodium bicarbonate (5.3 g), dissolved in 100 mL of HPLC water, was added to this solution. The mixed solution was sonicated for ~10 minutes. This solution was concentrated using a rotovap, and the residue was dissolved in 300 mL of methylene chloride. This solution was passed through a short plug of carbonate bonded silica gel. This solution was concentrated using rotovap and the residue was lyophilized to dry, resulting in 3.6 g of the free base as a white solid. Proton NMR, C-13 NMR and LC/MS confirmed the structure of this material as the free base of 2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2- morpholmoethyl)-pentanamide.

In the process of converting the di-HCl salt to free base, the sample was lyophilized to avoid formation of oil. XRD analysis of the lyophilized free base surprisingly re vealed it was crystalline, as shown in Figure 5. The DSC thermogram exhibited an endotherm with extrapolated onset temperature 51 °C and peak temperature 53 °C and an enthalpy value of Δ¾= 104 J/g. The TGA thermogram shows less than 0.6 wt% loss at 105 °C, suggesting it was solvent free. An overlay of the DSC and TGA thermograms can be seen in Figure 6. The crude solubility of free base in water was >30 mg/mL. The proton NMR was consistent with the free base. The NMR and Raman spectra are shown in Figures 7 and 8A and 8B, respectively. The moisture sorption-desorption isotherm (Figures 9 A and 9B) was collected using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis. The sample did not adsorb much moisture content from 0% to 45% RH under the experimental conditions. Above 45 %RH the sample appears to adsorb moisture of – 10 wt% from 45% to 50% RH followed by rapid sorption up to 96 wt% moisture at 95% RH. In the desorption phase, the free base shows a rapid desorption from 95% to 80°/» RH, then the sample desorbs at a relatively slow pace to the original weight at 0% RH. The sample may form a hydrate near 45 %>RH, The putative hydrate appears to deliquesce resulting in an amorphous glass by the end of the scan.

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new patent

WO-2014052659

Crystalline forms of neurotrophin mimetic compounds and their salts

Type II TNF receptor agonist; NGF receptor modulator

Crystalline forms of (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-pentanamide (LM11A-31-BHS), useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. See WO2011066544 claiming deuterated compounds of LM11A-31-BHS, useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases. PharmatrophiX is investigating the p75 neutrophin receptor ligand, LM11A-31-BHS, for the oral treatment of AD. By March 2013, a phase I trial was planned. The drug was formerly being investigated in collaboration with Elan Corp and the deal was terminated by the fourth quarter of 2010.

Ioforminol (GE-145; AN-113111) as an iv contrast agent (Phase 2)

April 8, 2014 4:13 am / Leave a comment

ioforminol

Ioforminol [INN], UNII-95FNF21CDN, 1095110-48-7, FEK-256-062

5-[formyl-[3-[formyl-[3,5-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropylcarbamoyl)-2,4,6- triiodophenyl]amino]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]-N,N’-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene- 1 ,3-dicarboxamide
1,3-Benzenedicarboxamide, 5,5′-[(2-hydroxy-1,3-
propanediyl)bis(formylimino)]bis[N1,N3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-

All-ambo-5,5′-[2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diylbis(formylazanediyl)]bis[N,N’-bis(2,3-
dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide]

https://download.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/usan/x-pub/ioforminol.pdf

MOLECULAR FORMULA C33H40I6N6O15

MOLECULAR WEIGHT 1522.1

SPONSOR GE HealthCare Ltd

CODE DESIGNATION FEK-256-062

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 1095110-48-7

WHO NUMBER 9245

Visualisation of anatomical structures of the body during computed tomography for diagnostic purposes

ChemSpider 2D Image | ioforminol | C33H40I6N6O15

All diagnostic imaging is based on the achievement of different signal levels from different structures within the body. Thus, in X-ray imaging for example, for a given body structure to be visible in the image, the X-ray attenuation by that structure must differ from that of the surrounding tissues. The difference in signal between the body structure and its surroundings is frequently termed contrast and much effort has been devoted to means of enhancing contrast in diagnostic imaging since the greater the contrast between a body structure and its surroundings the higher the quality of the images and the greater their value to the physician performing the diagnosis. Moreover, the greater the contrast the smaller the body structures that may be visualized in the imaging procedures, i.e. increased contrast can lead to increased spatial resolution. The diagnostic quality of images is strongly dependent on the inherent noise level in the imaging procedure, and the ratio of the contrast level to the noise level can thus be seen to represent an effective diagnostic quality factor for diagnostic images.

For the last 50 years the field of X-ray contrast agents has been dominated by soluble iodine containing compounds. Commercial available contrast media containing iodinated contrast agents are usually classified as ionic monomers such as diatrizoate (Gastrografen™), ionic dimers such as ioxaglate (Hexabrix™), nonionic monomers such as iohexol (Omnipaque™), iopamidol (Isovue™), iomeprol (lomeron™) and the non-ionic dimer iodixanol (Visipaque™). The most widely used commercial non-ionic X-ray contrast agents such as those mentioned above are considered safe. Contrast media containing iodinated contrast agents are used in more than 20 million of X-ray examinations annually in the USA and the number of adverse reactions is considered acceptable. However, since a contrast enhanced X- ray examination will require up to about 200 ml contrast media administered in a total dose, there is a continuous drive to provide improved contrast media.

Achieving improvement in such a diagnostic quality factor has long been and still remains an important goal.

In techniques such as X-ray, one approach to improve the diagnostic quality factor has been to introduce contrast enhancing materials formulated as contrast media into the body region being imaged. Thus for X-ray, early examples of contrast agents were insoluble inorganic barium salts which enhanced X-ray attenuation in the body zones into which they distributed. For the last 50 years the field of X-ray contrast agents has been dominated by soluble iodine containing compounds.

Commercial available contrast media containing iodinated contrast agents are usually classified as ionic monomers such as diatrizoate (marketed e.g. under the trade mark Gastrografen™), ionic dimers such as ioxaglate (marketed e.g. under the trade mark Hexabrix™), nonionic monomers such as iohexol (marketed e.g. under the trade mark Omnipaque™), iopamidol (marketed e.g. under the trade mark Isovue™), iomeprol (marketed e.g. under the trade mark Iomeron™) and the non-ionic dimer iodixanol (marketed under the trade mark Visipaque™). The clinical safety of iodinated X-ray contrast media has continuously been improved over the recent decades through development of new agents; from ionic monomers (Isopaque™) to non-ionic monomers (e.g. Omnipaque™) and non-ionic dimers (e.g. Visipaque™).

The utility of the contrast media is governed largely by its toxicity, by its diagnostic efficacy, by adverse effects it may have on the subject to which the contrast medium is administered, but also by the ease of production, storage and administration. The toxicity and adverse biological effects of a contrast medium are contributed to by the components of the formulation medium, i.e. of the diagnostic composition, e.g. the solvent or carrier as well as the contrast agent itself and its components such as ions for the ionic contrast agents and also by its metabolites.

The manufacture of non-ionic X-ray contrast media involves the production of the active

pharmaceutical ingredient (API), i.e. the contrast agent prepared in the primary production, followed by the formulation into the drug product, herein denoted the X-ray composition, prepared in the secondary production. In the preparation of an X-ray composition, the contrast agent is admixed with additives, such as salts, optionally after dispersion in a physiologically tolerable carrier. The contrast agent has to be completely solved in the carrier when additives are included and the composition is prepared. A well-known process for preparing X-ray compositions includes heating the contrast agent in the carrier, such as water for injection, to ensure complete dissolution. For instance, for the contrast media Visipaque™ the secondary production process includes dissolution of the contrast agent iodixanol in water for injection and heating to about 98 °C. Heating at this temperature for an adequate period of time ensures that the contrast agent is completely dissolved.

However, different X-ray contrast agents have different solubility. For instance WO 2009/008734 of GE Healthcare AS discloses a new class of compounds and their use as X-ray contrast agents. The compounds are dimers containing two linked iodinated phenyl groups. Compound I, now called

Ioforminol, falling within the formula I of WO2009/008734, has been found by the applicant to have particularly favourable properties. Ioforminol is supersaturated at the relevant storage conditions.

Compound I, Ioforminol:

5-[formyl-[3-[formyl-[3,5-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropylcarbamoyl)-2,4,6- triiodophenyl]amino]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]-N,N’-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene- 1 ,3-dicarboxamide.

A solution in which the concentration of the solute (API) exceeds the equilibrium solute concentration at a given temperature is said to be supersaturated. This is possible because the solute does not precipitate immediately when the solution is cooled below the saturation temperature. Such solutions are denoted supersaturated.

As the solubility of Ioforminol decreases with decreasing temperature, the supersaturation increases. At room temperature the solubility of Ioforminol is limited. To achieve solutions with a concentration higher than the thermodynamic equilibrium concentration, at room temperature, Ioforminol is dissolved at a temperature above room temperature. When a clear solution has been achieved the solution is cooled and enters a state defined as supersaturated.

Supersaturated solutions are thermodynamically unstable and prone to nucleate and therefore to precipitate on storage. Among several factors, the onset of the precipitation depends on the degree of supersaturation, presence of the crystals of the solute and foreign particles such as dust or other impurities, i.e. purity, and storage temperature of the solution.

The injection solution of Ioforminol, i.e. the administrable X-ray composition, is highly supersaturated. The nucleation (precipitation) in the injection solution at storage conditions is strongly undesirable. The physical stability of the solution, i.e. prevention of the nucleation for a certain time at storage conditions, may be improved substantially by heat treatment of the solution well above its saturation temperature for a sufficiently long period of time.

WO2011/117236 of the applicant is directed to a process involving hea treatment at low pH to avoid degradation and precipitation of an X-ray contrast agent composition. However, a high heat load is needed to obtain a seed- free solution. This heat load causes a greater degradation of the product and a lower pH in the final product resulting in liberation of iodine. This sets a restriction to the total heat load that may be given to the formulated solution.

………………..

WO2014052091A1

X-ray contrast media containing a chemical compound as the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) having two triiodinated phenyl groups linked by a linking group are usually referred to as dimeric contrast agents or dimers. During the years a wide variety of iodinated dimers have been proposed. Currently, one contrast medium having an iodinated non-ionic dimer as the active pharmaceutical ingredient is on the market_^ the product Visipaque™ containing the compound iodixanol. In WO2009/008734 of the applicant a novel dimeric contrast agent named loforminol is disclosed.

The properties of this is described in more detail in the publications Chai et al. “Predicting cardiotoxicity propensity of the novel iodinated contrast medium GE-145: ventricular fibrillation during left coronary arteriography in pigs”, Acta Radiol, 2010, and in Wistrand, L.G., et al “GE-145, a new low-osmolar dimeric radiographic contrast medium”, Acta Radiol, 2010. loforminol (GE-145) is named Compound 1 herein and has the following structure:

Compound 1 :

5,5′-(2-Hydroxypropane-1 ,3-diyl)bis(formylazanediyl)bis(N¹ ,N³-bis(2,3- dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide)

The manufacture of non-ionic X-ray contrast media involves the production of the chemical drug, the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), i.e. the contrast agent, followed by the formulation into the drug product, herein denoted the X-ray composition. WO2009/008734 of the applicant provides a synthetic route for preparing the API loforminol.

loforminol can e.g., as provided by the general preparation description and Example 1 of WO2009/008734, be synthesized from 5- amino-N,N’-bis-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide (compound (4)), which is commercially available. The preparation of this compound is known from the synthesis of both iohexol and iodixanol and can also be prepared from 5- nitroisophthalic acid for instance as described in WO2006/016815, including hydrogenation and subsequent iodination e.g. by iodine chloride, I CI. Alternatively,

5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid may be used, which is commercially available precursor, e.g. from Sigma-Aldrich. The free amino group of the isophthalamide compound (compound (4)) is then acylated and the hydroxyl groups in the substituents may also be protected by acylation. The protecting groups may be removed for example by hydrolysis to give N¹ ,N³-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5- formylamino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide.

In a dimerization step this is reacted e.g. with epichlorohydrin to provide the loforminol contrast agent compound. The state of the art synthesis of loforminol, as disclosed in examples 1 and 2 of WO2009/008734, is shown in Scheme 1 below.

Scheme 1 .

As described in WO2009/008734 compound 3 is a mixture comprising 1 – formylamino-3,5-bis(2,3-bis(formyloxy)propan-1 -ylcarbamoyl)-2,4,6-trioodobenzene, and X is then a formyl group. In each synthetic step it is important to optimize the yield and minimize the production of impurities. The problem to be solved by the present invention may be regarded as the provision of optimizing the process for preparation of compound mixture (3) of scheme 1 , i.e. a mixture comprising 1 -formylamino-3,5-bis(2,3- bis(formyloxy)propan-1 -ylcarbamoyl)-2,4,6-trioodobenzene.

The process is hence directed to the preparation of compound mixture (3) by the formylation of the amino function of 5-amino-N¹ ,N³-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide (4), including a work-up procedure.

Examples

Example 1 : Preparation of compound mixture (3) comprising 1-formylamino- 3,5-bis(2,3-bis(formyloxy)propan-1-ylcarbamoyl)-2,4,6-trioodobenzene

5-amino-N1 ,N3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide (compound (4)) (7.5 kg, 10.6 moles) was dissolved in formic acid (4.9 I) and heated to 45 until a clear solution was obtained (~4 hours), then the thick amber solution was cooled to 10 °C.

Formic acid (9.4 I) was charged into a different reactor and cooled to 10 ^<€, after reaching the target temperature acetic anhydride was added at such a rate that the temperature did not exceeded 15 ^<€.

After 2.5 hours all acetic anhydride was added to the formic acid and the mixed anhydride solution was added drop wise to the compound (4) solution. The rate of addition was adjusted so that the temperature never exceeded 20 °C. After 2 hours all mixed anhydride had been added and the reaction was left stirring at 15 °C for additional 1 hour. Isopropanol (4.9 I) was added carefully and the suspension became noticeable thicker and was left stirring at ambient temperature. After 16 hours the reaction slurry was filtered on a vacuum nutch and washed with isopropanol (3 ^* 1 .5 I) to give compound mixture (3) comprising 1 -formylamino-3,5- bis(2,3-bis(formyloxy)propan-1 -ylcarbamoyl)-2,4,6-trioodobenzene as a dense white powder (7.98kg). The quantitative yield with regards to N-formylation was > 99 %.

…………….

WO2009008734A2

Preparation of intermediates (when not commercially available)

The precursors to the compounds of formulas (IVa) and (IVb), the tri-iodinated phenyl groups having a free amino group are commercially available or can be produced following procedures described or referred to e.g. in WO95/35122 and WO98/52911. 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodo-isophtalic acid for example is available e.g. from Aldrich and 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodo-N,N’-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-isophtalamide is commercially available e.g. from Fuji Chemical Industries, Ltd.

Examples of commercial available precursors of the compounds of formulas (IVa) and (IVb), either commercially available or previously described in the literature include:

5-Amino-N,N’-bis-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide

5-Amino-N-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-N’-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl)- 2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide (WO2002044125)

5-Amino-N,N’-bis-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-N,N’-dimethyl- isophthalamide

5-Amino-N-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-N’-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-is ophthalamide (WO 8700757)

The compounds of formulas (IVa) and (IVb), may be prepared by acylation of the corresponding compounds having free amino groups. In this reaction, hydroxyl groups in the substituents R may also be protected by acylation.

Acylation may be effected by any convenient method, e.g. by use of activated formic acid such as mixed anhydrides which can prepared by a variety of methods described in the literature.

A convenient method of preparing mixed anhydrides is to add a carboxylic acid anhydride to an excess of formic acid under controlled temperature. It is also possible to make mixed anhydrides by addition of a carboxylic acid chloride to a solution of a formic acid salt. Formyl-mixed anhydrides may include acetyl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, benzoyl etc.

In the present implementation acetic-formic mixed anhydride is employed. To an excess of cooled pre-prepared acetic-formic mixed anhydride is added a 5-amino- monomer and the mixture is stirred overnight. The mixture is concentrated in vacuo and may be used directly in the alkylation step as described in the experimental section (procedure B) or alternatively the O-acylated groups may be hydrolysed prior to alkylation as described in the experimental section (procedure A). Hydrolysis is conveniently performed in aqueous basic media as exemplified in the experimental section or may alternatively be effected by alcoholysis e.g. as described in WO1997000240.

It is also possible to dissolve the 5-aminomonomer in formic acid and subsequently add the carboxylic acid anhydride but in order to reduce unwanted acylation it is preferred to prepare the mixed anhydride separately and subsequently mix this with the 5-aminomonomer as described above.

Experimental

Example 1

5,5′-(2-hvdroxypropane-1 ,3-diyl)bis(formylazanediyl)bis(N¹,N³-bis(2,3- dihvdroxypropyl)-2.4,6-triiodoisophthalamide)

Procedure A:

1 a) N,N’-Bis-(2₁3-dihvdroxy-propyl)-5-formylamino-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide Formic acid (300 ml) was charged in a dry 1000 ml flask fitted with a dropping funnel, stir bar, thermometer and a gas inlet. The acid was cooled on an ice bath under a nitrogen blanket and acetic anhydride (144.8 g, 1.418 mol) was added drop wise at a rate so that the temperature did not exceed 2.5 C. After complete addition, the ice bath was removed and the temperature was allowed to reach 10 °C. The mixture was again ice cooled and 5-amino-N,N’-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6- triiodo-isophthalamide (100 g, 141.8 mmol) was added over 5 minutes and the mixture was left stirring over night while attaining ambient temperature. The mixture was evaporated to dryness and methanol (300 ml) and water (300 ml) was added. 2 M potassium hydroxide was added until all material was in solution and a stable pH 12.5 was attained. The methanol was removed in vacuo. The mixture was neutralized with 4 M HCI and a slow precipitation started. 300 ml water was added and the product was precipitated over night. The precipitate was collected and rinsed with a small amount of water and dried on filter to a moist cake and further dried in vacuo to yield 84.8 g ( 81.5 %) of N,N’-bis-

(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-5-formylamino-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide.

¹H-NMR 500 MHz (solvent: D₂O, ref. H₂O=4.8 ppm, 25 ⁰C): 8.35 and 8.05 ppm (2s,

1 H), 3.94 ppm (m, 2H), 3.67 ppm (m, 2H), 3.55 ppm (m, 2H), 3.45 ppm (m, 2H),

3.34 ppm (m, 2H).

LC-MS (column Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq 3.5 μm 3.0 x 100 mm, solvents: A = water/ 0.1 % formic acid and B = acetonitrile/ 0.1% formic acid; gradient 0-30 % B over 20 min; flow 0.3 ml/ min, UV detection at 214 and 254 nm, ESI-MS) gave two peaks centred at 5.5 minutes with m/z (M + H+) 733.828, m/z (M + NH₄+) 750.855, m/z (M + Na+) 755.817 corresponding to the structure.

1 b) 5,5′-(2-hvdroxypropane-1 ,3-diyl)bis(formylazanediyl)bis(N¹,N³-bis(2,3- dihvdroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide)

Potassium hydroxide (1.07 g) was dissolved in water (6.9 ml) and methanol (3.4 ml) in a 50 ml round bottomed flask fitted with a magnetic stir bar. Boric acid (0.41 g, 6.6 mmol) and N,N’-bis-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-5-formylamino-2,4,6-triiodo- isophthalamide (7.0 g, 9.56 mmol) was added to the stirred solution.. Epichlorohydrin (260 ul, 3.32 mmol) was added to the solution and a pH electrode was fitted in the flask and the pH was maintained at pH 12.7 by drop wise addition of 4 M potassium hydroxide for 4 h. At this point, the mixture was left stirring over night. The pH was adjusted with 4 M hydrochloric acid to pH 4 and the methanol was removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous solution was diluted with water (75 ml) and treated with ion exchangers (AMB200C and IRA67) to zero conductivity. The ion exchangers were removed by filtration and rinsed with water and the combined aqueous filtrates were freeze dried. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (column Phenomenex Luna C18 10 μm solvents: A = water and B = acetonitrile; gradient 05-20 % B over 60 min. After freeze drying 3.80 g of 5,5′- (2-hydroxypropane-1 ,3-diyl)bis(formylazanediyl)bis(N¹,N³-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)- 2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide) (74.8 % yield) was obtained.

¹H-NMR 500 MHz (solvent: D₂O, ref. H₂O=4.8 ppm, 25 ⁰C): 8.34 and 8.08 ppm (m, 2 H), 2.80-4.80 ppm (m 26 H). LC-MS TOF; 1522.68 m/z (M + H⁺), 1544.66 m/z (M + Na⁺).

…………

New patent

WO-2014052091

Process for the preparation of 1-formylamino-3,5-bis(2,3-bis(formyloxy)propan-1-ylcarbamoyl)-2,4,6-trioodobenzene, used as a key intermediate in the preparation of ioforminol. Also claims a process for the preparation of ioforminol, useful in X-ray imaging. GE Healthcare is developing ioforminol (GE-145; AN-113111) as an iv contrast agent (Phase 2). See WO2013104690 claiming X-ray imaging contrast media with low iodine concentration and X-ray imaging process. Also see concurrently published WO2014052092 claiming preparation of ioforminol. Appears to be the first filing from Medi-Physics on this compound.

……………

The most preferred iodinated agents are;

Diatrizoic acid

loxaglinic acid

loversol

lodixanol

lomeprol

lobitriol

The most preferred chelates are:

Gadopentetate

Ňadoversetamide

Gadoxetinic acid

Sun Pharma has bought Ranbaxy for $4 billion to create the world’s fifth-biggest generic drugmaker.

April 8, 2014 3:29 am / Leave a comment

Sun buys Ranbaxy for $4 billion

Dilip sanghvi, sun pharma promoter

The move will make the company the largest pharma firm in India, while Daiichi Sankyo – majority owner of Ranbaxy – will become the second largest shareholder in Sun Pharma with a 9% stake and the right to nominate one director to Sun Pharma’s Board of Directors. http://www.pharmatimes.com/Article/14-04-07/Sun_buys_Ranbaxy_for_4_billion.aspx

Dilip Shanghvi, Managing Director of Sun Pharma said in a release, “Ranbaxy has a significant presence in the Indian pharma market and in the US where it offers a broad portfolio of ANDAs and first-to-file opportunities. In high-growth emerging markets, it provides a strong platform which is highly complementary to Sun Pharma’s strengths,”

Under the agreement, Ranbaxy shareholders will get 0.8 shares of Sun Pharma for each Ranbaxy share.

Arun Sahwney, managing director and chief executive officer of Ranbaxy said in a statement, “Sun Pharma has a proven track record of creating significant long-term shareholder value and successfully integrating acquisitions into its growing portfolio of assets,”

Who Will Benefit?

Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd is the parent company of Ranbaxy as they acquired it from previous promoters and investors. As soon as Ranbaxy was acquired, their plants came under a scanner from US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which troubled Daiichi as their own reputation was under stake.

Now, they will be the most relived entity as Sun Pharma will manage all such cases pertaining to Ranbaxy. Daiichi will now control 9% of Sun Pharma as a result of the current acquisition.

Insiders are claiming that Daiichi will sell this 9% stake as well and come out of the business all together.

Ranbaxy shareholders have cheered this latest development as their shares have gained since the announcement of this deal.

New ammunition in the fight against type 2 diabetes

April 8, 2014 1:20 am / Leave a comment

Lyra Nara Blog

Gastric banding can play a vital role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in people who are overweight and not obese, according to new research.

he Monash University study, led by Emeritus Professor Paul O’Brien and Dr John Wentworth from the Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), has determined that weight loss surgery (gastric banding) for overweight people with diabeteshad a profound impact on the illness.

The research has been released today in the prestigious medical journal The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology.

“This is the first randomised controlled trial demonstrating that treatment of type 2 diabetes in overweight people by substantial weight loss is safe and hugely beneficial,” Professor O’Brien said. “As there are no alternative options that can achieve such a result, this study indicates a potentially attractive path for the overweight person with diabetes and for those providing the care.”

The study…

View original post 234 more words

Cuba may have found cure for cancer

April 8, 2014 1:07 am / 1 Comment on Cuba may have found cure for cancer

cuba's cancercure

Cuban doctors have filed Wednesday in Havana, the result of 14 years of research, a solution of antitumor peptides whose natural analogue is able to offer positive dynamics in cancer treatments

http://youthandeldersja.wordpress.com/2014/03/22/cuba-may-have-found-cure-for-cancer/

Stem Cells from Muscle Can Repair Nerve Damage After Injury, Pitt Researchers Show

April 7, 2014 12:15 pm / 1 Comment on Stem Cells from Muscle Can Repair Nerve Damage After Injury, Pitt Researchers Show

In some ground-breaking research, scientists have been able to use stem cells derived from human muscle tissue to repair nerve damage and restore function after injury to sciatic nerves.

And, even after 12 weeks, the regenerated nerve looked and functioned as a normal nerve.

Link to Story:

http://www.upmc.com/media/NewsReleases/2014/Pages/pitt-study-stem-cells-repair-nerve-damage.aspx

http://chrom.so/1i2fklC

Buserelin a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist

April 7, 2014 9:11 am / 2 Comments on Buserelin a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist

Buserelin

57982-77-1 cas no

D-Ser(Tbu)6EA10LHRH

(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-[(2S)-2-(ethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

6-[O-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-D-serine]-9-(N-ethyl-L-prolinamide)-10-deglycinamideluteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pig)

Profact, 57982-77-1, Buserelin (INN), Tiloryth (TN), AC1Q5OOQ, AC1L18ON, D-Ser(Tbu)6EA10LHRH,

Molecular Formula: C₆₀H₈₆N₁₆O₁₃

Molecular Weight: 1239.42424

Therap-Cat: Antineoplastic (hormonal). Gonad-stimulating principle.

Therap-Cat-Vet: Gonad-stimulating principle.

Keywords: Antineoplastic (Hormonal); LH-RH Analogs; Gonad-Stimulating Principle; LH-RH Agonist.

Buserelin is a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, a synthetic hormone which stimulates the pituitary gland’s gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). It is used in prostate cancer treatment.

Buserelin stimulates the pituitary gland’s gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). Buserelin desensitizes the GnRH receptor, reducing the amount of LH and testosterone. However, there is a concomitant surge in LH and testosterone levels with the decrease in androgens, so antiandrogens must administered.

buserelin

Properties: [a]D20 -40.4° (c = 1 in dimethylacetamide).

Optical Rotation: [a]D20 -40.4° (c = 1 in dimethylacetamide)

Derivative Type: Monoacetate

CAS : 68630-75-1

Codes: HOE-766

Trademarks: Receptal (Intervet); Suprecur (Sanofi-Aventis); Suprefact (Sanofi-Aventis)

MF: C60H86N16O13.C2H4O2

MW: 1299.48

Percent Composition: C 57.30%, H 6.98%, N 17.25%, O 18.47%

Buserelin is a Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist). The drug’s effects are dependent on the frequency and time course of administration. GnRH is released in a pulsatile fashion in the postpubertal adult. Initial interaction of any GnRH agonist, such as buserelin, with the GnRH receptor induces release of FSH and LH by gonadotrophes. Long-term exposure to constant levels of buserelin, rather than endogenous pulses, leads to downregulation of the GnRH receptors and subsequent suppression of the pituitary release of LH and FSH.

Like other GnRH agonists, buserelin may be used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers such as prostate cancer or breast cancer, estrogen-dependent conditions (such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids), and in assisted reproduction.

It is normally delivered via a nasal spray, but is also available as an injection.

Buserelin acetate is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the brand name Suprefact and a generic form of Buserelin is now produced by CinnaGen under the brand name CinnaFact.

Buserelin is also marketed under the brand name Metrelef. Metrelef is approved to treat patients with endometriosis by suppression of ovarian hormone production. In ovulation induction Metrelef is used as a pituitary blockade as an adjunct togonadotrophin administration.

Buserelin, a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH) agonist, specifically binds to GRH receptor presented at anter iorpituitary and increases or decreases the number of receptors in hypophysis through auto- regulation mechanism (G. Tolis et al., Tumor Growth Inhibition in Patients with Prostatic Carcinoma Treated with Luteinizing Hormone-Feleasing Hormone Agonists, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 79, pl658, 1982).

<5> The synthetic methods for preparing peptides are divided into two methods, i.e., liquid phase synthesis and solid phase synthesis. The liquid phase peptide synthesis of which all the reagents reacts together under the solution phase by being dissolved in the solution, has been reported to show rapid reaction rate however it has disadvantages such as the difficulty in separating and purification of the products. In a while, solid phase peptide synthesis which have been developed based on the theory of R. B. Merrifield, has been reported to have various advantages comparing with the former method for example, convenient to isolation and purification, the ‘applicability to automation (Bodanszky et al, In Peptide Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 1976). Lots of peptide synthetic resins have been developed to synthesize various peptides after the publication of the theory of R. B. Merrifield till now. For example, chloromethyl polystyrene resin had been developed by Merrifield and Wang resin having 4-alkoxybenzyl alcohol had been developed with modifying the former resin to overcome the disadvantages thereof at the early stage. Various resins to improve the disadvantages of conventional resins have been developed after then and the representative resins among those resins are trityl group introduced 2-chlorotrityl resin and rink amide resin which can provide amide group from the carboxyl terminal of peptide under mild cleavage condition, respectively.

<6> At the early stage, the simple structured type-peptides have been synthesized using by the resins however the complex structured type peptides showing various physiological activities have been synthesized mainly. The peptides comprising unnatural amino acids have been synthesized by chemical synthetic method since the peptides could not be prepared by enzymatic synthesis. Among them, the peptides comprising D-amino acid or aza-amino acid have been reported to have potent physiological activities and further to be developed as a medicine (USP Nos. 6,624,290; 6,069,163; 5,965,538; and 4,634,715). However, the novel method for preparing LH-RH such as goserelin or GnRH peptides using by solid phase synthesis has been still need till now since previously known methods, for example, the methods disclosed in USP No. 5,602,231; EP No. 0518655; USP No. 6,879,289; and USP No. 3,914,412, have been reported to have unsolved problems such as a limit to obtain pure product etc.

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2008044890A1?cl=en

Example 4: Preparation of buserelin

<98> Ig of 2-chlroro trityl chloride resin showing 0.9 mM/g of substitution rate was swollen with 10ml of DMF and the reaction mixture mixed with 768 mg of Fmoc-Arg (N0₂)-0H (1.74 mM) and 271 microliter of DIC (1.74 mM) was added thereto to react together. The resulted resin was treated with 20% piperidine to remove the Fmoc residue and the reaction mixture mixed with 615 mg of Fmoc-Leu-OH (1.74 mM) and 271 microliter of DIC (1.74 mM) was added thereto to react together with a similar way to the above-described method. After washing the resin, the resulted resin was treated with 20% piperidine to remove the Fmoc residue and the reaction mixture mixed with 670 mg of Fmoc-D- SeKtBu)-OH (1.74 mM) and 271 microliter of DIC (1.74 mM) was added thereto again to react together with a similar way to the above-described method. After washing the resin, the resulted resin was treated with 20% piperidine to remove the Fmoc residue and the reaction mixture mixed with 859 mg of Fmoc-Tyr(OBzI)-OH (1.74 mM) and 271 microliter of DIC (1.74 mM) was added thereto again to react together with a similar way to the above-described method. After washing the resin, the resulted resin was treated with 20% piperidine to remove the Fmoc residue and the reaction mixture mixed with 726 mg of Fmoc-Ser(OBzI)-OH (1.74 mM) and 271 microliter of DIC (1.74 mM) was added thereto again to react together with a similar way to the above- described method. After washing the resin, the resulted resin was treated with 20% piperidine to remove the Fmoc residue and the reaction mixture mixed with 742 mg of Fmoc-Trp-0H (1.74 mM) and 271 microliter of DIC (1.74 mM) was added thereto again to react together with a similar way to the above- described method. After washing the resin, the resulted resin was treated with 20% piperidine to remove the Fmoc residue and the reaction mixture mixed with 1.078g of Fmoc-His(Fmoc)-0H (1.74 mM) and 271 microliter of DIC (1.74 mM) was added thereto again to react together with a similar way to the above-described method. After washing the resin, the resulted resin was treated with 20% piperidine to remove the Fmoc residue and the reaction mixture mixed with 244 mg of Pyr-OH (1.74 mM) and 271 microliter of DIC (1.74 mM) was added thereto again to react together with a similar way to the above-described method.

<99> The resin was washed again and 2ml of 1% TFA (Trifluoroacetic acid)/DCM (dichloromethane) per 70mg of peptide resin was added to the resin, eluted to release the peptide from the resin and the elute was collected with 200 microliter of pyridine. The above-described step was repeated five times. The resin was washed with DCM (dichloromethane) and methanol and the elute was collected with the former elute. The elute was concentrated with evaporation and ether was added thereto to obtain the precipitated peptide. The precipitated peptide was performed to coupling reaction with 305 mg of Pro- NH-CH₂CH₃ (2.4mM) and 303mg of DIC (2.4 niM) in the presence of DCM

(dichloromethane) solvent. The solution was subjected to concentration with evaporator. The resulting concentrate was dissolved in EtOAc, washed with saturated NaHCOs solution, distilled water, 5% citrate solution and dried with anhydrous MgS(V The remaining MgS04 was discarded with filtration and the filtrate was concentrated with evaporation. The benzyl group and Cbz group among the side chain protecting group in the peptide were removed through catalytic hydrogen transfer reaction using by Pd/C and ammonium formate in the presence of methanol. The resulting peptide was purified with reverse phase column chromatography (Shimadzu H-kit, acetonitrile^water= 22:78 → 32:68, 1% increase/min) to isolate pure buserelin (Yield: 40%).

new patent

WO-2014047822

Solid state method for the preparation of buserelin, an LHRH analog useful for the treatment of sexual dysfunction, ovulation, puberty retardation and cancer. Method is under basic conditions and increases yield and purity. This appears to be the first PCT application from Hybio with this target, however several Chinese national filings have been published. Pan, Ma and Yuan are named on several previous solid phase synthesis PCT applications, most recently WO2013117135.

References:

Synthetic nonapeptide agonist analog of LH-RH, q.v. Synthesis: W. Konig et al., DE 2438350; eidem, US4024248 (1976, 1977 both to Hoechst);

A. S. Dutta et al., J. Med. Chem. 21, 1018 (1978).

Clinical pharmacology: A. Lemay et al.,Fertil. Steril. 37, 193 (1982).

Radioimmunoassay in plasma and urine: S. Saito et al., J. Immunol. Methods 79, 173 (1985).

Veterinary use to increase conception rate: K. Moller, E. D. Fielden, N. Z. Vet. J. 29, 214 (1981).

Clinical evaluation in prostatic carcinoma: J. H. Waxman, Br. J. Urol. 55, 737 (1983); as ovulatory stimulant for in vitro fertilization: V. MacLachlan et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 320, 1233 (1989).

Review of pharmacokinetics and clinical profile: R. N. Brogden et al., Drugs 39, 399-437 (1990); of efficacy in prostatic carcinoma: H. J. de Voogt et al., Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. Suppl 138, 131-136 (1991).

US5212288 *	Feb 8, 1991	May 18, 1993	Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc.	Temporary minimal protection synthesis of serine-containing polypeptides
US5510460 *	May 26, 1995	Apr 23, 1996	Zeneca Limited	Peptide process
US5602231 *	May 26, 1995	Feb 11, 1997	Zeneca Limited	Process for making peptides
US6028172 *	Feb 10, 1998	Feb 22, 2000	Mallinckrodt Inc.	Reactor and method for solid phase peptide synthesis
US6897289 *	May 5, 2000	May 24, 2005	Lipotec, S.A.	Peptide synthesis procedure in solid phase

Relugolix (TAK-385) in phase 2 By Takeda for the treatment of endometriosis and uterine fibroids

April 7, 2014 7:43 am / Leave a comment

2D chemical structure of 737789-87-6

Relugolix (TAK-385)

1-[4-[1-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)-5-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-methoxyurea

N-(4-(1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-((dimethylamino)methyl)-3-(6-methoxy-3-pyridazinyl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-N’-methoxyurea

CAS NO 737789-87-6

C29-H27-F2-N7-O5-S

623.6383

Synonyms

N-(4-(1-((2,6-Difluorophenyl)methyl)-5-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-(6-methoxy-3-pyridazinyl)-2,4-dioxothieno(2,3-d)pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-N’-methoxyurea

TAK-385

UNII-P76B05O5V6

Systematic Name

Urea, N-(4-(1-((2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl)-5-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-(6-methoxy-3-pyridazinyl)-2,4-dioxothieno(2,3-d)pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-N’-methoxy-

TAK-385 is a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) receptor antagonist administered orally. By preventing LH-RH from binding with the LH-RH receptor in the anterior pituitary gland and suppressing the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland, TAK-385 controls the effect of LH and FSH on the ovary, reduces the level of estrogen in blood, which is known to be associated with the development of endometriosis and uterine fibroids, and is expected to improve the symptoms of these disorders.

TAK-385 in Japan for the treatment of endometriosis and uterine fibroids. TAK-385 is a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) ^*1 receptor antagonist administered orally. By preventing LH-RH from binding with the LH-RH receptor in the anterior pituitary gland and suppressing the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) ^*2 and follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) ^*3 from the anterior pituitary gland, TAK-385 controls the effect of LH and FSH on the ovary, reduces the level of estrogen in blood, which is known to be associated with the development of endometriosis and uterine fibroids, and is expected to improve the symptoms of these disorders. The safety and efficacy of TAK-385 in subjects with endometriosis and uterine fibroids will be evaluated in two individual phase 2, double-blind, comparative studies. There are medical needs which cannot be met by the current therapies in the treatment of endometriosis and uterine fibroids. We are committed to the rapid development to deliver the oral LH-RH antagonist TAK-385, which could become a new treatment option for patients with these conditions.

^*1 The hormone that controls the secretion of LH and FSH, gonadotropic hormones, secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.
^*2 A hormone that is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland by the action of LH-RH and encourages follicular maturation, ovulation and luteinization by acting on the ovaries.
^*3 A hormone that is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland by the action of LH-RH and encourages follicular maturation by stimulating the ovaries.

TAK-385, an oral antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), was originated by Takeda. It is in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of endometriosis and for the treatment of uterine fibroids (myoma). Phase I clinical trials are also underway for the treatment of prostate cancer.

TAK-385 (relugolix) is a novel, non-peptide, orally active gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, which builds on previous work with non-peptide GnRH antagonist TAK-013. TAK-385 possesses higher affinity and more potent antagonistic activity for human and monkey GnRH receptors compared with TAK-013. Both TAK-385 and TAK-013 have low affinity for the rat GnRH receptor, making them difficult to evaluate in rodent models. Here we report the human GnRH receptor knock-in mouse as a humanized model to investigate pharmacological properties of these compounds on gonadal function. Twice-daily oral administration of TAK-013 (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks decreased the weights of testes and ventral prostate in male knock-in mice but not in male wild-type mice, demonstrating the validity of this model to evaluate antagonists for the human GnRH receptor.

The same dose of TAK-385 also reduced the prostate weight to castrate levels in male knock-in mice. In female knock-in mice, twice-daily oral administration of TAK-385 (100 mg/kg) induced constant diestrous phases within the first week, decreased the uterus weight to ovariectomized levels and downregulated GnRH receptor mRNA in the pituitary after 4 weeks. Gonadal function of TAK-385-treated knock-in mice began to recover after 5 days and almost completely recovered within 14 days after drug withdrawal in both sexes. Our findings demonstrate that TAK-385 acts as an antagonist for human GnRH receptor in vivo and daily oral administration potently, continuously and reversibly suppresses the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. TAK-385 may provide useful therapeutic interventions in hormone-dependent diseases including endometriosis, uterine fibroids and prostate cancer.

Relugolix (TAK-385)

…………….

http://www.google.co.in/patents/EP1591446A1?cl=en

(Production Method 1)

Example 83

http://www.google.co.in/patents/EP1591446A1?cl=en

Production of N-(4-(1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-((dimethylamino)methyl)-3-(6-methoxy-3-pyridazinyl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-N’-methoxyurea

The similar reaction as described in Example 4 by using the compound (100 mg, 0.164 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 54 and methyl iodide (0.010 ml, 0.164 mmol) gave the title compound (17.3 mg, 17 %) as colorless crystals.
¹ H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ: 2.15 (6H, s), 3.6-3.8 (2H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 4.18 (3H, s), 5.35 (2H, s), 6.92 (2H, t, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.2-7.65 (7H, m), 7.69 (1H, s).

……………

Discovery of 1-{4-[1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl}-3-methoxyurea (TAK-385) as a potent, orally active, non-peptide antagonist of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
J Med Chem 2011, 54(14): 4998. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jm200216q

1-{4-[1-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl}-3-methoxyurea (16b)

Compound 16b was prepared in 44% yield from 15j by a procedure similar to that described for16a as colorless crystals, mp 228 °C (dec). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.15 (6H, s), 3.60–3.80 (2H, m), 3.82 (3H, s), 4.18 (3H, s), 5.35 (2H, s), 6.92 (2H, t, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.20–7.65 (7H, m), 7.69 (1H, s). LC–MS m/z: 624.0 [M + H⁺], 621.9 [M + H^–]. Anal. (C₂₉H₂₇F₂N₇O₅S) C, H, N.

Abstract Image tak 385

Click to access jm200216q_si_001.pdf

…………………….

new patent

WO-2014051164

Method for the production of TAK-385 or its salt and crystals starting from 6-(4-aminophenyl)-1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-dimethylaminomethyl-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl) thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine-2,4 (1H,3H)-dione or its salt. Takeda Pharmaceutical is developing relugolix (TAK-385), an oral LHRH receptor antagonist analog of sufugolix, for the treatment of endometriosis and uterine fibroids. As of April 2014, the drug is in Phase 2 trails. See WO2010026993 claiming method for improving the oral absorption and stability of tetrahydro-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-phenyl)-N’-methoxy urea derivatives.

references

Discovery of TAK-385, a thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivative, as a potent and orally bioavailable nonpeptide antagonist of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor
238th ACS Natl Meet (August 16-20, Washington) 2009, Abst MEDI 386

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