TAVABOROLE

• AN 2690
• AN-2690
• AN2690
• UNII-K124A4EUQ3

5-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole

5-Fluoro-2,1-benzoxaborol-1(3H)-ol;

1,3-Dihydro-5-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole

MOLECULAR FORMULA C7H6BFO2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT 151.9

SPONSOR Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 174671-46-6

Mp 118-120° C…..US20070265226

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm) 4.95 (s, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.24 (dd, J=9.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=8.2, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H)

FDA APPROVED JULY 2 2014………..“FDA Approves Anacor Pharmaceuticals’ KERYDIN™ (Tavaborole) Topical Solution, 5% for the Treatment of Onychomycosis of the Toenails”. Market Watch. July 8, 2014.

Has antifungal activity.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2014 JULY 8 ratified the Anacor’s Kerydin (5% Tavaborole solution) for the topical treatment of nail fungal infections. Tavaboroleindications of toenail fungus Trichophyton rubrum or Trichophyton rubrum infections.Instructions recommended once a day for toenail infections, treatment for 48 weeks, on the recommendation of Anacor, and do not need to nail debridement.

I tis an oxaborole antifungal used topically, as a 5% w/w solution, for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenails due to Trichophyton rubrumor T. mentagrophytes. It is applied to the affected toenail once daily for 48 weeks.

Ingrowing toenails and application site reactions including exfoliation, erythema, and dermatitis have been reported during use.

1H NMR FROM NET

CLICK ON IMAGE FOR CLEAR VIEW

COSY NMR PREDICT

Tavaborole (AN2690, trade name Kerydin) is a topical antifungal medication for the treatment of onychomycosis, a fungal infectionof the nail and nail bed. Tavaborole began its Phase 3 trials in December 2010^[1] and was approved in July 2014.^[2] Tavaborole inhibits an essential fungal enzyme, Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, or LeuRS, required for protein synthesis. The inhibition of protein synthesis leads to termination of cell growth and cell death, eliminating the fungal infection. No treatment-related systemic side effects were observed in any of its clinical trials.

Tavaborole is the first oxygen boron used to treat toenail infections dioxolane (oxaborole) antifungal agents, located in Palo Alto, Anacor focuses on boron-based drug development and production, according to the latest news, Tavaborole future also be used to infect fingernails. Wedbush Securities analyst predicts that next year the drug sales in the United States for $ 16 million, by 2021 will reach peak sales of $ 347 million.

Gram-negative bacteria cause approximately 70% of the infections in intensive care units. A growing number of bacterial isolates responsible for these infections are resistant to currently available antibiotics and to many in development. Most agents under development are modifications of existing drug classes, which only partially overcome existing resistance mechanisms. Therefore, new classes of Gram-negative antibacterials with truly novel modes of action are needed to circumvent these existing resistance mechanisms. We have previously identified a new a way to inhibit an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), in fungi via the oxaborole tRNA trapping (OBORT) mechanism.

Herein, we show how we have modified the OBORT mechanism using a structure-guided approach to develop a new boron-based antibiotic class, the benzoxaboroles, which inhibit bacterial leucyl-tRNA synthetase and have activity against Gram-negative bacteria by largely evading the main efflux mechanisms in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lead analogue,  is active against Gram-negative bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceaebearing NDM-1 and KPC carbapenemases, as well as P. aeruginosa. This novel boron-based antibacterial,  has good mouse pharmacokinetics and was efficacious against E. coli and P. aeruginosa in murine thigh infection models, which suggest that this novel class of antibacterials has the potential to address this unmet medical need.

Anacor continued development on that drug, tavaborole, and filed for FDA approval in July. The FDA will review the phase 3 trial data and issue a decision on July 29, 2014.

If approved, Anacor hopes tavaborole’s ability to clear onychomycosis in 10% of treated patients will be enough to win market share away from generic Lamisil and generic topical Pentac. While Lamisil cleared the fungus in 38% of patients, it’s been associated with rare cases of liver failure. And Pentac requires frequent debridement of the nail and only clears the fungus in 5.5% to 8.5% of patients.

Tavaborole is a novel, topical antifungal medication being developed for the topical treatment of onychomycosis, a nail fungus infection, which affects seven to ten percent of the U.S. population. Early studies show AN-2690 penetrates the nail effectively and has robust activity against dermatophytes, which cause onychomycosis.

1H NMR PREDICT

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13 C NMR PREDICT

ARTICLE

Anacor Pharmaceuticals to Present Pivotal Phase 3 Data of Tavaborole for the Topical Treatment of Toenail Onychomycosis
Abstract Accepted for Oral Presentation at the 2013 American Podiatric Medical Association Annual Scientific Meeting

PALO ALTO, Calif.–(BUSINESS WIRE)– Anacor Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:ANAC) announced today that its abstract “Pivotal Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy Results of Tavaborole (Formerly AN2690), a Novel Boron-Based Molecule for the Topical Treatment of Toenail Onychomycosis” was accepted for oral presentation at the 2013 APMA Annual Scientific Meeting (The National) to be held in Las Vegas, Nevada. Max Weisfeld, DPM, will present the data from tavaborole’s Phase 3 studies on Monday, July 22, 2013 during the Evidence-Based Medicine and Oral Abstracts session.

As announced earlier this year, tavaborole achieved statistically significant and clinically meaningful results on all primary and secondary endpoints in two Phase 3 pivotal studies without concomitant debridement. Anacor is seeking approval for tavaborole from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and will file a New Drug Application imminently. Currently, there is only one FDA-approved topical treatment for onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail and nail bed, which affects approximately 35 million people in the United States.

“I’m impressed with tavaborole’s safety and efficacy data. There is no FDA-approved topical treatment for onychomycosis with tavaborole’s range of efficacy and ability to penetrate the nail to reach the site of the infection,” said Dr. Weisfeld. “Tavaborole’s Phase 3 results demonstrate its ability to clear the nail and eliminate the infection which is important to both patients and the physicians who treat them. In addition, tavaborole is easy to apply and dries quickly which makes it convenient for patients to use.”

“We are pleased to present these positive data at the APMA’s Annual Scientific Meeting, the leading annual meeting of podiatrists. As we seek FDAapproval for tavaborole, we look forward to developing relationships with podiatrists to potentially offer them a new treatment option for the large number of patients who seek treatment for onychomycosis,” said David Perry, Chief Executive Officer of Anacor Pharmaceuticals.

About the Studies

Anacor conducted two separate Phase 3 studies of tavaborole on patients with distal subungual onychomycosis affecting 20 to 60 percent of the target great toenail. Approximately 600 patients aged 18 years and older with no upper age limit (the oldest subject was 88 years old) were enrolled in each study and randomized two-to-one to receive either tavaborole or the vehicle control. Patients were instructed to apply tavaborole solution or the vehicle to the toenail once daily for 48 weeks.

A copy of the presentation will be available on Anacor’s website following the oral session.

About Anacor Pharmaceuticals

Anacor is a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing novel small-molecule therapeutics derived from its boron chemistry platform. Anacor has discovered eight compounds that are currently in development. Its two lead product candidates are topically administered dermatologic compounds — tavaborole, a topical antifungal for the treatment of onychomycosis, and AN2728, a topical anti-inflammatory PDE-4 inhibitor for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. In addition to its two lead programs, Anacor has discovered three other wholly-owned clinical product candidates — AN2718 and AN2898, which are backup compounds to tavaborole and AN2728, respectively, and AN3365 an antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. We have discovered three other compounds that we have out-licensed for further development — two compounds for the treatment of animal health indications that are licensed to Eli Lilly and Company and AN5568, also referred to as SCYX-7158, for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, or sleeping sickness), which is licensed to Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, or DNDi. We also have a pipeline of other internally discovered topical and systemic boron-based compounds in development. For more information, visit http://www.anacor.com.

Patents

WO 1995033754

WO 2004009578….

WO 2006089067

WO 2008025543

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SYNTHESIS

Reference:

ELI LILLY AND COMPANY Patent: WO2004/9578 A2, 2004 ; Location in patent: Page 36-37 ; WO 2004/009578 A2

PATENT

Anacor Pharmaceuticals Patent: US2007/265226 A1, 2007 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 59 ;

http://www.google.com/patents/US20070265226

1,3-Dihydro-5-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole (19b)

To a solution of 5b (73.2 g, 293 mmol) in dry THF (400 mL) was added n-butyllithium (1.6 M in hexanes; 200 mL) over 45 min at −78° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. Anion precipitated. After 5 min, (i-PrO)₃B (76.0 mL, 330 mmol) was added over 10 min, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 1.5 h. Water and 6 N HCl (55 mL) were added, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to about a half volume. The mixture was poured into ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. To a solution of the residue in tetrahydrofuran (360 mL) was added 6 N HCl (90 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 30° C. overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to about a half volume. The mixture was poured into ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was treated with i-Pr₂O/hexane to give 19b (26.9 g, 60%) as a white powder:

mp 118-120° C.;

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm) 4.95 (s, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.24 (dd, J=9.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=8.2, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H);

ESI-MS m/z 151 (M−H)⁻;

HPLC purity 97.8%; Anal (C₇H₆BFO₂) C, H.

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Gunasekera, Dinara S.; Gerold, Dennis J.; Aalderks, Nathan S.; Chandra, J. Subash; Maanu, Christiana A.; Kiprof, Paul; Zhdankin, Viktor V.; Reddy, M. Venkat Ram Tetrahedron, 2007 , vol. 63, # 38 p. 9401 – 9405

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Baker, Stephen J.; Zhang, Yong-Kang; Akama, Tsutomu; Lau, Agnes; Zhou, Huchen; Hernandez, Vincent; Mao, Weimin; Alley; Sanders, Virginia; Plattner, Jacob J. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2006 , vol. 49, # 15 p. 4447 – 4450

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Ding, Charles Z.; Zhang, Yong-Kang; Li, Xianfeng; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Suoming; Zhou, Yasheen; Plattner, Jacob J.; Baker, Stephen J.; Liu, Liang; Duan, Maosheng; Jarvest, Richard L.; Ji, Jingjing; Kazmierski, Wieslaw M.; Tallant, Matthew D.; Wright, Lois L.; Smith, Gary K.; Crosby, Renae M.; Wang, Amy A.; Ni, Zhi-Jie; Zou, Wuxin; Wright, Jon Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2010 , vol. 20, # 24 p. 7317 – 7322

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PATENT

US20050261277

PREPARATION 13 5-Fluoro-3H-benzo[c][1,2)oxaborol-1-ol

Dissolve 1-bromo-2-(1-ethoxy-ethoxymethyl)-4-fluoro-benzene(5.4 g, 19.5 mmol) in dry THF (100 mL) and cool to −78° C. under nitrogen. Add butyl lithium (2.5M in Hexanes, 10.2 mL, 25.4 mmol) dropwise at −78° C. Upon complete addition, stir the reaction at −78° C. for 10 minutes and then add trimethyl borate (4.4 mL, 39 mmol) and warm the reaction to room temperature. Pour the reaction into 1N HCl (100 mL) and stir for 1 hour. Extract the biphasic mixture with ether three times. Dry the combined organic layers with sodium sulfate, filter and concentrate in vacuo. Triturate the oily residue with cold hexanes to yield 2.1 g (70%) of the title compoud as a white solid.

1H NMR (d6-DMSO)

9.18 (s, 1H),

7.70 (dd, J=8.2, 5.8 Hz, 1H),

7.20 (dd, J=9.5, 2.7 Hz, 1H),

7.11 (m, 1H), 4.92 (s, 1H).

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SEE

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2012/11/28/jpet.112.200030.full.pdf

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SEE

Discovery of a new boron-containing antifungal agent, 5-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1- benzoxaborole (AN2690), for the potential treatment of onychomycosis.

References

Tavaborole

Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-Fluoro-2,1-benzoxaborol-1(3H)-ol
Clinical data
Trade names	Kerydin
Legal status	℞ (Prescription only)
Routes of administration	Topical use only
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	174671-46-6
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID: 11499245
ChemSpider	9674047
Synonyms	AN2690
Chemical data
Formula	C7H6BFO2
Molecular mass	151.93 g/mol

NMR PREDICT

CAS NO. 174671-46-6, 5-fluoro-1-hydroxy-3H-2,1-benzoxaborole H-NMR spectral analysis

CAS NO. 174671-46-6, 5-fluoro-1-hydroxy-3H-2,1-benzoxaborole C-NMR spectral analysis

UPDATE

http://www.google.im/patents/EP1976536A2?cl=en

EXAMPLE 23

Alternative Preparation of 4 from 3

A 22.0 L 3-neck flask was equipped with a stir motor, N₂ inlet, addition funnel, heating mantle, and condenser. The flask was charged with 3500 g (17.1 moi) of 2-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl alcohol followed by the addition of 3556 g of tetrahydrofuran and 16.4 g (0.17 mol) of methanesulfonic acid. Next, 400 g (4.7 mol) of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran was added at 10⁰C. This step is exothermic so no additional charges should be made until exotherm subsides. The temperature was increased to 27°C, stirred for 15 min and then charged with 400 g (4.7 mol) of 3,4-dihydro-2H- pyran at 24⁰C. Again the temperature increased (24°C to 38⁰C). The mixture was stirred for 15 min. Once the exotherm subsided, the flask was again charged with 40Og (4.7 mol) of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran at 35⁰C. The temperature again increased to 47⁰C over a 20 min period. Once the exotherm subsided, the mixture was stirred for 15 min. Finally the remaining 400 g (4.7 mol) of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran was added at 44⁰C. The temperature increased to 51⁰C. After stirring for one hour, a sample was removed to check for removal of starting material. Upon reaction completion, contents were cooled to 20 ± 5 ⁰C.

EXAMPLE 24

Alternative Preparation of 5 from 4

To a 22.0 L 3-neck flask equipped with a stir motor, N₂ inlet, addition funnel, cooling bath, and condenser was charged 436 g (17.96 mol) of magnesium turnings. 5334 g of tetrahydrofuran was then added followed by 291 g (0.51 mol) of diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) (25%wt) in toluene. The mixture was stirred for 60 min at 20 ± 5 ⁰C. Some gas evolution was seen. Next, 260-430 g -3-5% (by weight if solution of 4 was dropped to drums) of 4 in THF was added. The mixture was stirred for 15-30 min at which time a slight exotherm should be seen (ΔT = 10- 15⁰C). Once the exotherm was observed, the reaction mixture was cooled to 5 ± 5 ⁰C. To this mixture, the remaining 8.22-8.39 kg of 4 in THF was added at a rate such that the temperature was kept below 30⁰C (t = 3h). The reaction was stirred at 20-25 ⁰C for 30 min, at which time an aliquot was removed, quench with 3 N HCl (10 mL), and analyzed.

Upon completion, the contents were cooled to -25 ± 5°C. A solution of trimethylborate in THF was prepared by mixing 2665 g (25.7 mol) of trimethyl borate and 6666 g of tetrahydrofuran. This solution can be prepared in a drum with stirring. [0618] Next, the 9331 g of trimethyl borate in THF was added at a rate such that the temperature was kept between -35 and -20 °C (t = 2.5h). The mixture became very thick so THF was added. After stirring at -25 ± 5°C for 10 min, 50 mL aliquot was removed, quenched with 25 mL of 3N HCl, and submitted for CoR. Stirring continued at -25 ± 5⁰C for Ih, and then the mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, where it was stirred for at least 12h. Pull two samples (one at 6h and the other at 12h).

Results:

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm) 1.45-1.75 (m, 6H), 3.53 (s, 6H), 3.45 (m, IH), 3.75 (m, IH), 4.69 (t, J=3 Hz, IH), 4.97 (d, J=14.1 Hz, IH), 5.14 (d, J=14.1 Hz, IH), 7.03 ((td, J=8.4, 2.7 Hz, IH), 7.24 (dd, J=10.8, 2.1 Hz, IH), 7.89 (t, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 8.76 (s, IH).

EXAMPLE 25

Alternative Preparation of I from 5

To the reaction mixture above was added 5.3 kg of USP water. After stirring for 30 min, the mixture was charged 5.3 kg of acetic acid. Gas evolution was seen. After stirring for 30 min, an aliquot was removed for analysis. Mixture was then heated to reflux for 36-48 hours. During the reflux period, 12-13 L of THF were removed.

When the reaction was complete, the contents were cooled by the reactor to <40°C by setting jacket and by charging 10.5 kg of USP water. THF was removed until distillate did not remain. Contents of the reactor were transferred to Rosenmund filter dryer and allowed to cool to 20 ± 5°C. Reactor was rinsed with water, filtered, and then washed again with 10.5 kg of USP water. The flask was charged with 10.5 kg of 10% ACN in water (v/v) and agitated for Ih. After filtering, the cake was washed with 10.5 kg of 10% ACN in water (v/v), and then charged with 10.5 kg 10% ACN in water (v/v). The contents were agitated for Ih. The contents were subsequently washed with 10.5 kg of USP water, charged with 7.0 L of 5% Methyl t- Butyl Ether (MTBE)/Heptane (v/v), agitated for Ih, filtered, charged with 7.0 L of 5% MTBE/Heptanes (v/v) and again agitated for Ih. After filtering, the contents were charged again with 7.0 L of heptane and filtered. Solids were dried at <45°C to constant weight. Solids were recrystallized from toluene :heptane 75:25.