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Дапипразол Dapiprazole

June 1, 2016 10:39 am / Leave a comment

Dapiprazole

CAS 72822-12-9

HCL SALT 72822-13-0

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3-(2-(4-(O-tolyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-S-triazolo(4,3-a)pyridine

Dapiprazole (Rev-Eyes) is an alpha blocker. It is used to reverse mydriasis after eye examination.^[1]

Used in the treatment of iatrogenically induced mydriasis produced by adrenergic (phenylephrine) or parasympatholytic (tropicamide) agents used in certain eye examinations.

Dapiprazole is an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. It produces miosis by blocking the alpha-adrenergic receptors on the dilator muscle of the iris. Dapiprazole produces no significant action on ciliary muscle contraction and thus, there are no changes in the depth of the anterior chamber of the thickness of the lens. It does not alter the IOP either in normal eyes or in eyes with elevated IOP. The rate of pupillary constriction may be slightly slower in clients with brown irises than in clients with blue or green irises.

Dapiprazole acts through blocking the alpha1-adrenergic receptors in smooth muscle. It produces miosis through an effect on the dilator muscle of the iris and does not have any significant activity on ciliary muscle contraction and, therefore does not induce a significant change in the anterior chamber depth or the thickness of the lens.

Oral LD₅₀ is 1189-2100 mg/kg in mice, rats and rabbits.

Brief background information

Salt	ATC	formula	MM	CASE
–	N05AX S01EX02	C₁₉H₂₇N₅	325.46 g / mol	72822-12-9
monogïdroxlorïd	N05AX S01EX02	C₁₉H₂₇N₅ · HCl	361.92 g / mol	72822-13-0

Application

antipsihoticheskoe means
in the treatment of glaucoma

Classes substance

Piperazinы
- 1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-a] piridinы

Synthesis

Синтез a)


Scheme illustration:By cyclization of O-methylvalerolactam (I) with 3-(4-o-tolyl-1-piperazinyl) propionic acid hydrazide (II) in refluxing xylene, followed by a treatment with ethanolic HCl.

FR 2423221; GB 2020269; JP 54157576; NL 7902489; US 4252721

Acylation of (1-methylcyclopropyl)guanidine (IV) with 3-bromo-5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (III) under Schotten-Baumann conditions afforded the sulfonyl guanidine (V). This was cyclized to the desired thienothiadiazine upon treatment with Cs2CO3 and Cu2O in boiling butanol.

In a different method, (1-methylcyclopropyl)guanidine (I) is acylated by 3-bromo-5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (II) to produce the sulfonyl guanidine (III). Intramolecular cyclization of (III) in the presence of Cu2O and Cs2CO3 leads to the title thienothiadiazine derivative. Similarly, acylation of guanidine (I) with 3,5-dichlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (IV) provides sulfonyl guanidine (V), which is then cyclized in the presence of Cu2O and Cs2CO3.

In an alternative method, sulfonylation of N-isopropylguanidine (V) with 2,5-dichlorothiophene-3-sulfonyl chloride (IV) produced the sulfonyl guanidine (VI). This was then cyclized to the title compound by treatment with copper bronze and potassium carbonate in boiling DMF……..WO 0102410

Trade names

country	Tradename	Manufacturer
Germany	Remidrial	winegrower
Italy	Glamidolo	Angelini, 1987
Ukraine	no	no

Formulations

eyedrops 50 mg / 10 ml (5%) (hydrochloride)

References

DE 2 915 318 (Angelini; appl. 14.4.1979; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
US 4 307 095 (Angelini; 22.12.1981; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
US 4 307 096 (Angelini; 22.12.1981; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
US 4 325 952 (Angelini; 20.4.1982; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
BE 877 161 (Angelini; appl. 21.6.1979).

References

Doughty, Michael J.; Lyle, William M. (May 1992). “A Review of the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Pilocarpine, Moxisylyte (Thymoxamine), and Dapiprazole in the Reversal of Diagnostic Pupillary Dilation”. Optometry & Vision Science 69 (5).
US 4 307 096 (Angelini; 22.12.1981; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
US 4 325 952 (Angelini; 20.4.1982; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
BE 877 161 (Angelini; appl. 21.6.1979).
DE 2 915 318 (Angelini; appl. 14.4.1979; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
US 4 307 095 (Angelini; 22.12.1981; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).

Structural formula

UV- Spectrum

The solvent designation schedule	methanol	water	0.1М HCl	0.1M NaOH

Conditions : Concentration – 1 mg / 100 ml
maximum absorption	235 nm	235 nm	234 nm	There decay
	212	179	172	–
e	7650	6450	6200	–

IR – spectrum

Wavelength (μm)

Wave number (cm ^-1 )

References

UV and IR Spectra. H.-W. Dibbern, R.M. Muller, E. Wirbitzki, 2002 ECV
NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library 2008
Handbook of Organic Compounds. NIR, IR, Raman, and UV-Vis Spectra Featuring Polymers and Surfactants, Jr., Jerry Workman. Academic Press, 2000.
Handbook of ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of organic compounds, K. Hirayama. Plenum Press Data Division, 1967.

Dapiprazole
Systematic (IUPAC) name

3-{2-[4-(2-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,5-a]pyridine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Consumer Drug Information
MedlinePlus	a601043
Pregnancy category	B
Routes of administration	Topical (eye drops)
Legal status
Legal status	℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Negligible when administered topically
Identifiers
CAS Number	72822-12-9
ATC code	S01EX02 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 3033538
IUPHAR/BPS	7155
DrugBank	DB00298
ChemSpider	2298190
UNII	5RNZ8GJO7K
KEGG	D07775
ChEBI	CHEBI:51066
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201216
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₉H₂₇N₅
Molar mass	325.451 g/mol

//////Дапипразол , Dapiprazole, AF-2139, Remydrial, Rev-Eyes, Reversil, Glamidolo

n1nc(n2c1CCCC2)CCN4CCN(c3ccccc3C)CC4

[F-18](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine

May 30, 2016 11:05 am / Leave a comment

[F-18](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine

CAS 1196963-79-7

MF C₈ H₁₅ F N₂ O₃

Heptanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(aminocarbonyl)-7-(fluoro-¹⁸F)-, (2S,4S)-


[¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-FPGln	[¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4

The early diagnosis of malignant tumors plays a very important role in the survival prognosis of cancer patients. In this non-invasive diagnosis, diagnostic imaging procedures are an important tool. In the last few years has mainly PET technology (P ositronen- E mission- Tomographie) proved to be particularly useful. The sensitivity and specificity of PET technology depends significantly on the used signal-emitting substance (tracer) and their distribution in the body from. In the search for suitable tracers one tries to take advantage of certain properties of tumors differ, the tumor tissue from healthy, surrounding tissue. The preferred commercially used isotope which finds application for PET, ¹⁸ F ¹⁸ F represents by its short half-life of less than 2 hours special requirements for the preparation of suitable tracer. Complex, long synthetic routes and purifications are with this isotope is not possible, because otherwise a significant portion of the radioactivity of the isotope has already decayed before the tracer can be used for diagnosis. It is therefore often not possible to established synthetic routes for non-radioactive fluorination to be applied to the synthesis of¹⁸ F-tracer. Furthermore, the high specific activity of ¹⁸ F (80 GBq / nmol) at very low substance amounts of ^[18 F] fluoride for the tracer synthesis, which in turn an extreme excess of precursor-related and the success of a non-radioactive fluorination based Radio synthetic strategy designed unpredictable

FDG ^([18 F] F 2 luoro d esoxy lukose g) -PET is a widely accepted and popular tool in the diagnosis and other clinical tracking of tumor diseases. Malignant tumors compete with the host organism to glucose supply to the nutrient supply (Warburg O. About the metabolism of carcinoma cell Biochem;.. Kellof G. Progress and Promise of FDG PET Imaging for Cancer Patient Management and Oncologic Drug Development Clin Cancer Res 2005;.. 11 (8): 2785-2807) where tumor cells compared to surrounding cells of normal tissue usually an increased glucose metabolism. This is used when using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a glucose derivative, which is amplified transported into the cells, but there included metabolically after phosphorylation as FDG-6-phosphate (“Warburg effect”). ¹⁸ F-labeled FDG is Therefore, an effective tracer for the detection of tumors in patients using PET technology. Imaging were looking for new PET tracers in recent years increasingly amino acids for ¹⁸ F PET used (eg (review): Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002 May; 29 (5):.. 681-90). In this case, some of the ¹⁸ F-labeled amino acids for the measurement of the speed rate of protein synthesis, the most useful derivatives but for the direct measurement of the cellular uptake in the tumor. Known ¹⁸ F-labeled amino acids are, for example, from tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, aspartic and unnatural amino acids derived (eg J. Nucl Med 1991; 32:.. 1338-1346, J Nucl Med 1996; 37: 320-325, J Nucl Med 2001; 42: 752-754 J Nucl Med and 1999, 40: 331-338).. Glutamic acid and glutamine than ¹⁸ F-labeled derivatives not known, whereas non-radioactive fluorinated glutamine and glutamic acid derivatives are well known; Thus, for Example those which at γ-position (for Ex (review):Amino Acids (2003) April; 24 (3):… 245-61).. or at β-position (e.g. ExTetrahedron. Lett. .; 30; 14; 1989, 1799-1802, J. Org Chem .; 54; 2; 1989, 498-500, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 12, 9; 2001; 1303-1312) havefluorine..

Of glutamic acid having the chemical functionalities protecting groups in β and γ position or a leaving group, has already been reported in the past. So was informed of glutamate as mesylate or bromide in γ-position whose acid and amine functions were provided with ester or Z-protecting groups (J. Chem Soc Perkin Trans. 1;.. 1986, 1323-1328) or, for example, of γ-chloro-glutamic acid without protecting groups(Synthesis, (1973); 44-46). About similar derivatives, but where the leaving group is positioned in β-position has also been reported on several occasions. Z Ex. Chem. Pharm. Bull .; 17; 5; (1969); 879-885,J.Gen.Chem.USSR (Engl.Transl.); 38; (1968); 1645-1648, Tetrahedron Lett .; 27; 19; (1986); 2143-2144, Chem. Pharm. Bull .; EN; 17; 5; 1969;873-878, patent FR 1461184 , Patent JP 13142 .)

The current PET tracers, which are used for tumor diagnosis have some undisputed disadvantages: in FDG accumulates preferably in those cells with increased glucose metabolism on, but there are also other pathological and physiological conditions of increased glucose metabolism in the cells involved and tissues, eg, Ex. of infection or wound healing (summarized in J. Nucl. Med. Technol. (2005), 33, 145-155). It is still often difficult to decide whether a detected by FDG-PET lesion actually neoplastic origin or due to other physiological or pathological state of the tissue. Overall, the diagnostic activity by FDG-PET in oncology has a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 88% to(Gambhir et al., ” A tabulated summary of the FDG PET literature “J. Nucl. Med. 2001, 42, 1- 93S). Tumors in the brain can be represented very difficult in healthy brain tissue, for example, by the high accumulation of FDG.

The previously known ¹⁸ F-labeled amino acid derivatives are in some cases well suited to detect tumors in the brain ((review): Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002 May; 29 (5):. 681-90), but they can in other tumors do not compete with the imaging properties of the “gold standard” ^[18 F] 2-FDG. The metabolic accumulation and retention of previously F-18 labeled amino acids in tumorous tissue is usually lower than for FDG. Moreover, the accessibility of isomerically pure F-18-labeled non-aromatic amino acids is chemically very demanding.

Similar to glucose increased metabolism in proliferating tumor cells has been described (Medina, J Nutr 1131: 2539S-2542S, 2001; Souba, Ann Surg 218:. 715-728, 1993) for glutamic acid and glutamine. The increased rate of protein and nucleic acid synthesis and energy production per se be accepted as reasons for increased Glutaminkonsum of tumor cells. The synthesis of the corresponding C-11 and C-14 labeled with the natural substrate thus identical compounds, has already been described in the literature (eg. Ex.Antoni, enzymes Catalyzed Synthesis of L- [4-C-11] Aspartate and L – [5-C-11] Glutamate J. Labelled Compd Radiopharm 44; (4) 2001: 287-294) and Buchanan, The biosynthesis of showdomycin: studies with stable isotopes and the determination of principal precursor J….. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun .; EN; 22; 1984, 1515-1517). First indications with the C-11 labeled compound indicate no significant tumor accumulation.

Although the growth and proliferation of most tumors is fueled by glucose, some tumors are more likely to metabolize glutamine. In particular, tumor cells with the upregulated c-Myc gene are generally reprogrammed to utilize glutamine. We have developed new 3-fluoropropyl analogs of glutamine, namely [(18)F](2S,4R)- and [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3 and 4, to be used as probes for studying glutamine metabolism in these tumor cells. Optically pure isomers labeled with (18)F and (19)F (2S,4S) and (2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine were synthesized via different routes and isolated in high radiochemical purity (≥95%). Cell uptake studies of both isomers showed that they were taken up efficiently by 9L tumor cells with a steady increase over a time frame of 120 min. At 120 min, their uptake was approximately two times higher than that of l-[(3)H]glutamine ([(3)H]Gln). These in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probes are potential tumor imaging agents. Yet, the lower chemical yield of the precursor for 3, as well as the low radiochemical yield for 3, limits the availability of [(18)F](2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3. We, therefore, focused on [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4. The in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probe, [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, is most sensitive to the LAT transport system, followed by System N and ASC transporters. A dual-isotope experiment using l-[(3)H]glutamine and the new probe showed that the uptake of [(3)H]Gln into 9L cells was highly associated with macromolecules (>90%), whereas the [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, was not (<10%). This suggests a different mechanism of retention. In vivo PET imaging studies demonstrated tumor-specific uptake in rats bearing 9L xenographs with an excellent tumor to muscle ratio (maximum of ∼8 at 40 min). [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, may be useful for testing tumors that may metabolize glutamine related amino acids.

[¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine as a Tumor Imaging Agent

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/mp500236y

Zehui Wu†, Zhihao Zha†, Genxun Li†, Brian P. Lieberman†, Seok Rye Choi†, Karl Ploessl†, and Hank F. Kung^*†‡

^†Departments of Radiology and ^‡Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States

Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2014, 11 (11), pp 3852–3866

DOI: 10.1021/mp500236y

Publication Date (Web): August 05, 2014

*Email: kunghf@sunmac.spect.upenn.edu. Phone: 215-662-3096. Fax: 215-349-5035.

ACS AuthorChoice – This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

This article is part of the Positron Emission Tomography: State of the Art special issue.

Abstract

Although the growth and proliferation of most tumors is fueled by glucose, some tumors are more likely to metabolize glutamine. In particular, tumor cells with the upregulated c-Myc gene are generally reprogrammed to utilize glutamine. We have developed new 3-fluoropropyl analogs of glutamine, namely [¹⁸F](2S,4R)- and [¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3 and 4, to be used as probes for studying glutamine metabolism in these tumor cells. Optically pure isomers labeled with ¹⁸F and ¹⁹F (2S,4S) and (2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine were synthesized via different routes and isolated in high radiochemical purity (≥95%). Cell uptake studies of both isomers showed that they were taken up efficiently by 9L tumor cells with a steady increase over a time frame of 120 min. At 120 min, their uptake was approximately two times higher than that of l-[³H]glutamine ([³H]Gln). These in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probes are potential tumor imaging agents. Yet, the lower chemical yield of the precursor for 3, as well as the low radiochemical yield for 3, limits the availability of [¹⁸F](2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3. We, therefore, focused on [¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4. The in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probe, [¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, is most sensitive to the LAT transport system, followed by System N and ASC transporters. A dual-isotope experiment using l-[³H]glutamine and the new probe showed that the uptake of [³H]Gln into 9L cells was highly associated with macromolecules (>90%), whereas the [¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, was not (<10%). This suggests a different mechanism of retention. In vivo PET imaging studies demonstrated tumor-specific uptake in rats bearing 9L xenographs with an excellent tumor to muscle ratio (maximum of ∼8 at 40 min). [¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, may be useful for testing tumors that may metabolize glutamine related amino acids.

PATENT

US 20100290991

http://www.google.com/patents/US20100290991

PATENT

WO 2009141091

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/ko/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009141091&recNum=70&maxRec=287&office=&prevFilter=%26fq%3DOF%3ACU&sortOption=Relevance&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

PATENT

http://www.google.co.ug/patents/EP2123621A1?cl=en

REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264538736_F-182S4S-4-3-Fluoropropylglutamine_as_a_Tumor_Imaging_Agent

Molecular Pharmaceutics (2014), 11(11), 3852-3866

EP1923382A1 *	18 Nov 2006	21 May 2008	Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft	[18F] labelled L-glutamic acid, [18F] labelled glutamine, their derivatives, their use and processes for their preparation
FR1461184A				Title not available
JPS58113142A				Title not available
WO2008052788A1 *	30 Oct 2007	8 May 2008	Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft	[f-18]-labeled l-glutamic acid, [f-18]-labeled l-glutamine, derivatives thereof and use thereof and processes for their preparation

////////

[18F]AMG 580

May 30, 2016 11:01 am / Leave a comment

[¹⁸F]AMG 580

CAS 1879904-74-1

MF C₂₆ H₂₄ F N₅ O₃

NOTE………CAS OF AMG 580 IS 1227067-71-1, WITHOUT 18F

AMG 580 [1-(4-(3-(4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbonyl)phenoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-fluoropropan-1-one],

Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychiatric and neurologic disorders, such as schizophrenia and Huntington’s disease. One of the key requirements for successful central nervous system drug development is to demonstrate target coverage of therapeutic candidates in brain for lead optimization in the drug discovery phase and for assisting dose selection in clinical development. Therefore, we identified AMG 580 [1-(4-(3-(4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbonyl)phenoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-fluoropropan-1-one], a novel, selective small-molecule antagonist with subnanomolar affinity for rat, primate, and human PDE10A. We showed that AMG 580 is suitable as a tracer for lead optimization to determine target coverage by novel PDE10A inhibitors using triple-stage quadrupole liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology. [³H]AMG 580 bound with high affinity in a specific and saturable manner to both striatal homogenates and brain slices from rats, baboons, and human in vitro. Moreover, [¹⁸F]AMG 580 demonstrated prominent uptake by positron emission tomography in rats, suggesting that radiolabeled AMG 580 may be suitable for further development as a noninvasive radiotracer for target coverage measurements in clinical studies. These results indicate that AMG 580 is a potential imaging biomarker for mapping PDE10A distribution and ensuring target coverage by therapeutic PDE10A inhibitors in clinical studies.

PAPER

We report the discovery of PDE10A PET tracer AMG 580 developed to support proof of concept studies with PDE10A inhibitors in the clinic. To find a tracer with higher binding potential (BP_ND) in NHP than our previously reported tracer 1, we implemented a surface plasmon resonance assay to measure the binding off-rate to identify candidates with slower washout rate in vivo. Five candidates (2–6) from two structurally distinct scaffolds were identified that possessed both the in vitro characteristics that would favor central penetration and the structural features necessary for PET isotope radiolabeling. Two cinnolines (2, 3) and one keto-benzimidazole (5) exhibited PDE10A target specificity and brain uptake comparable to or better than 1 in the in vivo LC–MS/MS kinetics distribution study in SD rats. In NHP PET imaging study, [¹⁸F]-5 produced a significantly improved BP_ND of 3.1 and was nominated as PDE10A PET tracer clinical candidate for further studies.

Discovery of Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) PET Tracer AMG 580 to Support Clinical Studies

^†Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ^‡Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ^§Department of Neuroscience, and ^ΔDepartment of Early Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 93012-1799, United States

^∥Department of Neuroscience and ^±Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States

^⊥ Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States

ACS Med. Chem. Lett., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00185

*Phone: 805-313-5300. E-mail: ehu@amgen.com.

SEE http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00185

PATENT FOR AMG 580

WO 2010057121

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2010057121A1?cl=en

PAPER

Nuclear Medicine and Biology (2015), 42(8), 654-663.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969805115000724

Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is an intracellular enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides which are important second messengers for neurotransmission. Inhibition of PDE10A has been identified as a potential target for treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. To assist drug development, we have identified a selective PDE10A positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, AMG 580. We describe here the radiosynthesis of [¹⁸ F]AMG 580 and in vitro and in vivo characterization results.

AMG 580 has an in vitro K_D of 71.9 pM. Autoradiography showed specific uptake in striatum. Mean activity of 121 ± 18 MBq was used in PET studies. In Rhesus, the baseline BP_ND for putamen and caudate was 3.38 and 2.34, respectively, via 2TC, and 3.16, 2.34 via Logan, and 2.92, and 2.01 via SRTM. A dose dependent decrease of BP_NDwas observed by the pre-treatment with a PDE10A inhibitor. In baboons, 0.24 mg/kg dose of AMG 580 resulted in about 70% decrease of BP_ND. The in vivo K_D of [¹⁸ F]AMG 580 was estimated to be around 0.44 nM in baboons.

Conclusion

[¹⁸ F]AMG 580 is a selective and potent PDE10A PET tracer with excellent specific striatal binding in non-human primates. It warrants further evaluation in humans.

REFERNCES

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/352/2/327.full

///Phosphodiesterase, tracer, receptor occupancy, positron emission tomography, radiotracer, brain penetration, AMG 580, Phosphodiesterase 10A, PDE10A, PET Tracer, [¹⁸F]AMG 580

WHO issues revised Guideline on HVAC Systems

May 26, 2016 9:48 am / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently issued a guideline for commenting which describes the requirements for HVAC systems for the manufacture of non-sterile forms. As most guidelines on this topic address the requirements for sterile dosage forms, the previous version was gladly accepted by industry. Learn more about the revised guideline on HVAC systems.

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05358_WHO-issues-revised-Guideline-on-HVAC-Systems_15160,15221,15661,15612,Z-PEM_n.html

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently issued a guideline for commenting which describes the requirements for HVAC systems used for the manufacture of non-sterile dosage forms. As most guidelines on this topic address the requirements for sterile forms, the previous version (TRS 961, Annex 1) from 2011 was gladly accepted by industry. Mentioned are non-sterile dosage forms as tablets, capsules, liquids or ointments, but also for the final steps in the manufacture of APIs. The WHO guideline means to provide guidance specifically for the areas design, installation, qualification and maintenance of ventilation systems. For the manufacture of…

View original post 192 more words

EU GMP Annex 1 Revision 2016 – what does the pharmaceutical industry expect?

May 26, 2016 9:45 am / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

Dr Friedrich Haefele, Vice President Fill & Finish Biopharma at Boehringer Ingelheim

Dr Friedrich Haefele, Vice President Fill & Finish Biopharma at Boehringer Ingelheim talked in his keynote speech at the Pharma Congress 2016 about the revision of Annex 1 of the EU GMP Guide. Read here what the pharmaceutical industry expects form the new Annex 1.

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05326_EU-GMP-Annex-1-Revision-2016—what-does-the-pharmaceutical-industry-expect_15160,15266,15265,15432,Z-PEM_n.html

Europe’s biggest Pharma Congress of its kind took place in Düsseldorf on 12 and 13 April. With more than 1000 participants, 90 exhibitors and 10 GMP conferences this Congress 2016 has been the biggest since the first one 18 years ago. 50 lectures, almost exclusively case studies from pharmacuetical companies such as Pfizer, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim and many more were discussed. Special attention was paid to the keynotes at the beginning of each congress day.

Dr Friedrich Haefele, Vice President Fill & Finish Biopharma at Boehringer Ingelheim talked in his keynote…

View original post 876 more words

Higenamine Hydrochloride

May 23, 2016 9:59 am / Leave a comment

Higenamine Hydrochloride

6,7-Isoquinolinediol, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-, hydrochloride (9CI)
6,7-Isoquinolinediol, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-, hydrochloride, (±)-
(±)-Demethylcoclaurine hydrochloride

A β-adrenoceptor partial agonist potentially for the treatment of coronary heart disease.

CAS No.11041-94-4 (Higenamine hydrochloride)

CAS 5843-65-2(free)

Higenamine (norcoclaurine) is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including Nandina domestica (fruit), Aconitum carmichaelii (root), Asarum heterotropioides, Galium divaricatum (stem and vine), Annona squamosa, and Nelumbo nucifera (lotus seeds).

Legality

Higenamine, also known as norcoclaurine HCl, is legal to use within food supplements in the UK, EU, the USA and Canada. but banned use in The NCAA. Its main is within food supplements developed for weight management, also known as ‘fat burners’. However, products containing (or claiming to contain) pharmacological relevant quantities still require registration as a medicine. The regulatory boundaries for higenamine are unclear as modern formulations have not been clinically evaluated. Traditional formulations with higenamine have been used for thousands of years within Chinese medicine and come from a variety of sources including fruit and orchids. There are no studies comparing the safety of modern formulations (based on synthetic higenamine) with traditional formulations. Nevertheless, it will not be added to the EU ‘novel foods’ catalogue, which details all food supplements that require a safety assessment certificate before use.^[1]

Pharmacology

Since higenamine is present in plants which have a history of use in traditional medicine, the pharmacology of this compound has attracted scientific interest. A variety of effects have been observed in in vitro studies and in animal models, but its effects in humans are unknown.

The results of a 2009 study exposed the compound as a β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist.^[2]

In animal models, higenamine has been demonstrated to be a β₂ adrenoreceptor agonist.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, belong to the class of G protein–coupled receptors, and are the most prominent receptors in the adipose membrane, besides also being expressed in skeletal muscle tissue. These adipose membrane receptors are classified as either α or β adrenoceptors. Although these adrenoceptors share the same messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the specific transduction pathway depends on the receptor type (α or β). Higenamine partly exerts its actions by the activation of an enzyme,adenylate cyclase, responsible for boosting the cellular concentrations of the adrenergic second messenger, cAMP.^[7]

In a rodent model, it was found that higenamine produced cardiotonic, vascular relaxation, and bronchodilator effects.^[8]^[9] In particular, higenamine, via a beta-adrenoceptor mechanism, induced relaxation in rat corpus cavernosum, leading to improved vasodilation and erectile function.

Related to improved vasodilatory signals, higenamine has been shown in animal models to possess antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity via a cAMP-dependent pathway, suggesting higenamine may contribute to enhanced vasodilation and arterial integrity.^[2]^[7]^[9]^[10]

Toxicity

Regarding toxicity, researchers have suggested that the levels of higenamine reported in food consumption (estimated 47.5 mg in a 9-ounce serving of Lotus) would be comparable to the amount used in food supplements.^{[citation needed]} Higenamine is a beta-adrenergic agonist which has effects on the function of trachea and heart muscles.^[11]^[12]During a study of acute toxicity, mice were orally administered the compound at a dose of 2 g per kg of bodyweight. No mice died during the study.^[13] higenamine is one of the main chemicals in a plant called aconite. Aconite has been shown to cause serious heart-related side effects including arrhythmias and even death. in some sources of HIGENAMINE from certain plants that have Aconite

PAPER

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1978), 26(7), 2284-5

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb1958/26/7/26_7_2284/_pdf

PATENT

CN 103554022

http://google.com/patents/CN103554022B?cl=en

Example 1:

[0024] to the S-necked flask 200mL of anhydrous ammonia clever four furans, lOg instrument crumbs, olive mix was added 0. 5g ship, continue to embrace the mix was added 10 minutes after which 2 drops of 1,2-B burning desert, Continue mixing until the reaction mixture embrace color disappeared, the reaction was cooled to square ° C, and slowly mixed solution thereto 31. 6g4- methoxy Desert Festival and 50mL tetraammine clever furans dropped, about 60min addition was complete, the reaction fluid continues to cool to -65 ° C, to which was slowly dropping 20 percent, 7-dimethoxy-3,4-diamine different wow beep and a mixed solution of ammonia lOOmL four clever furans, the addition was complete continue to maintain – 65 ° C for 2 hours after the embrace slowly warmed 0 ° C, maintaining the internal temperature of 100 ° C 〇 blood slowly added to the reaction mixture, the addition was completed adding 200 blood continues to embrace mixed with ethyl acetate after 0.5 hours, allowed to stand liquid separation, organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous sulfate steel, concentrated to afford 6, 7-dimethoxy -l- (4- methoxy section yl) -1,2, 3, 4-isopropyl tetraammine wow toot 24. 9g, a yield of 76.1%.

[00 Qiao] to the reaction flask prepared above 6, 7-dimethoxy -l- (4- methoxybenzyl) -1,2, 3, 4 tetraammine different wow beep 24. 9g , 47% aqueous ammonia desert 200 blood acid heated to 130 ° C reflux of cooled to room temperature, precipitation of large amount of solid, filtered higenamine ammonia salt desert, the solid was added 1. of water and continue to add 50 Blood mixed with ammonia football ground, filtered higenamine to higenamine was added lL4mol / L aqueous hydrochloric acid, 80 ° C heat to embrace mixed, cooled to 25 ° C filtration and drying to obtain a final product hydrochloric acid higenamine 11. 7g, a yield of 73.3%.

References

http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biotechnology/novelfood/novel_food_catalogue_en.htm
Tsukiyama, M; Ueki, T; Yasuda, Y; Kikuchi, H; Akaishi, T; Okumura, H; Abe, K (2009). “Beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated tracheal relaxation induced by higenamine from Nandina domestica Thunberg”. Planta Medica 75 (13): 1393–9. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1185743. PMID 19468973.
Kashiwada, Y; Aoshima, A; Ikeshiro, Y; Chen, YP; Furukawa, H; Itoigawa, M; Fujioka, T; Mihashi, K; et al. (2005). “Anti-HIV benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera, and structure-activity correlations with related alkaloids”.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 13 (2): 443–8. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2004.10.020.PMID 15598565.
Kimura, I; Chui, LH; Fujitani, K; Kikuchi, T; Kimura, M (1989). “Inotropic effects of (+/-)-higenamine and its chemically related components, (+)-R-coclaurine and (+)-S-reticuline, contained in the traditional sino-Japanese medicines “bushi” and “shin-i” in isolated guinea pig papillary muscle”. Japanese journal of pharmacology 50 (1): 75–8.doi:10.1254/jjp.50.75. PMID 2724702.
Kang, YJ; Lee, YS; Lee, GW; Lee, DH; Ryu, JC; Yun-Choi, HS; Chang, KC (1999). “Inhibition of activation of nuclear factor kappaB is responsible for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by higenamine, an active component of aconite root”. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 291 (1): 314–20.PMID 10490919.
Yun-Choi, HS; Pyo, MK; Park, KM; Chang, KC; Lee, DH (2001). “Anti-thrombotic effects of higenamine”. Planta Medica 67 (7): 619–22. doi:10.1055/s-2001-17361.PMID 11582538.
Kam, SC; Do, JM; Choi, JH; Jeon, BT; Roh, GS; Chang, KC; Hyun, JS (2012). “The relaxation effect and mechanism of action of higenamine in the rat corpus cavernosum”.International Journal of Impotence Research 24 (2): 77–83. doi:10.1038/ijir.2011.48.PMID 21956762.
Bai, G; Yang, Y; Shi, Q; Liu, Z; Zhang, Q; Zhu, YY (2008). “Identification of higenamine in Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata as a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist1”. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 29 (10): 1187–94. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00859.x.PMID 18817623.
Pyo, MK; Lee, DH; Kim, DH; Lee, JH; Moon, JC; Chang, KC; Yun-Choi, HS (2008). “Enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-higenamine and their analogues with effects on platelet aggregation and experimental animal model of disseminated intravascular coagulation”. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 18 (14): 4110–4.doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.094. PMID 18556200.
Liu, W; Sato, Y; Hosoda, Y; Hirasawa, K; Hanai, H (2000). “Effects of higenamine on regulation of ion transport in guinea pig distal colon”. Japanese journal of pharmacology 84(3): 244–51. doi:10.1254/jjp.84.244. PMID 11138724.
Wong, KK; Lo, CF; Chen, CM (1997). “Endothelium-dependent higenamine-induced aortic relaxation in isolated rat aorta”. Planta Medica 63 (2): 130–2. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957628. PMID 9140225.
Ueki, T; Akaishi, T; Okumura, H; Morioka, T; Abe, K (2011). “Biphasic tracheal relaxation induced by higenamine and nantenine from Nandina domestica Thunberg”. Journal of pharmacological sciences 115 (2): 254–7. doi:10.1254/jphs.10251sc. PMID 21282929.
Lo, CF; Chen, CM (1997). “Acute toxicity of higenamine in mice”. Planta Medica 63 (1): 95–6. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957619. PMID 9063102.

banned in ncaa https://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/2015-16%20NCAA%20Banned%20Drugs.pdf

CN1539823A *	Oct 27, 2003	Oct 27, 2004	中国医学科学院药物研究所	Method for preparing new demethyl conclaurine and medinal salt
CN1764647A *	Mar 23, 2004	Apr 26, 2006	埃科特莱茵药品有限公司	Tetrahydroisoquinolyl acetamide derivatives for use as orexin receptor antagonists
CN103351338A *	Jun 17, 2013	Oct 16, 2013	张家港威胜生物医药有限公司	Simple preparation process of higenamine hydrochloride
US20060030586 *	Sep 27, 2004	Feb 9, 2006	Education Center Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co.	Method and health food for preventing and/or alleviating psychiatric disorder, and/or for effectuating sedation
WO2011038169A2 *	Sep 24, 2010	Mar 31, 2011	Mallinckrodt Inc.	One-pot preparation of hexahydroisoquinolines from amides

Higenamine
Names

IUPAC name 1-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol
Other names norcoclaurine, demethylcoclaurine
Identifiers
CAS Number	5843-65-2 106032-53-5 (R) 22672-77-1 (S)
ChEBI	CHEBI:18418
ChEMBL	ChEMBL19344
ChemSpider	102800
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
KEGG	C06346
MeSH	higenamine
PubChem	114840
InChI [show]
SMILES [show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₆H₁₇NO₃
Molar mass	271.32 g·mol⁻¹

/////

PDE4 inhibitor , Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Company

May 19, 2016 10:32 am / 1 Comment on PDE4 inhibitor , Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Company

2-[2-Methyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole Hemifumarate

Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Company,

CAS FREE FORM 1256966-65-0

Benzoxazole, 2-[2-methyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-

MF C₂₀ H₁₉ N₃ O_2,MW, 333.38 FREE FORM

NMR FOR HEMIFUMARATE

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)

δ 13.1 (br, 1H), 8.33 (d, J = 1.5 HZ, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J = 5.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.82–7.76 (m, 2H), 7.43–7.38 (m, 2H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 4.71–4.62 (m, 1H), 4.06 (dd, J = 11.4, 4.3 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (dd, J = 11.7, 11.4 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.47–2.36 (m, 2H), 1.90–1.86 (m, 2H).

¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6)

δ 165.92, 163.26, 153.94, 150.20, 142.94, 141.75, 136.21, 133.93, 124.94, 124.67, 120.89, 119.40, 117.70, 112.44, 110.72, 66.50, 52.67, 30.70, 14.62.

Compound 1 is a PDE4 inhibitor and is expected to improve memory impairment. In addition to the mechanism of action, 1 enhances BDNF signal transduction and induces NXF, a brain specific transcription factor, in the presence of low concentrations of BDNF. NXF induction is expected to lead to nerve regeneration and neuroprotective efficacy.

US88290352014-09-09Agent for treatment or prevention of diseases associated with activity of neurotrophic factors

Patent

WO2010/137349 A1

Example 11
5- (benzoxazol-2-yl) -2-methyl -1-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl) benzimidazole 　eggplant flask (100 mL), 2- methyl-1- (tetrahydropyran – 4-yl) reference benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (example 4-3) (0.64 g, 2.46 mmol ), 2- amino-phenol (0.32 g, 2.95 mmol), and polyphosphoric acid (about 18 g) put, heated to 160 ℃, and the mixture was stirred for 17 hours. After cooling, ice was added, and the mixture was about pH 9 the liquid with concentrated aqueous ammonia (28%). Extraction with chloroform (about 50 mL X 3 times), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the crude product obtained by distilling off the solvent (0.08 g) PTLC (CHCl ₃ by weight deploy _{purified), the title compound ( 0.002 g, 0.2% yield) was obtained as a yellow-brown semi-solid.}¹H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ) Deruta (Ppm): 1.88-1.92 (M, 2 H), 2.58-2.68 (M, 2 H), 2.70 (S, 3 H), 3.57-3.64 (M , 2 H), 4.21-4.25 (m , 2 H), 4.43-4.49 (m, 1 H), 7.29 (d, 1H, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.33-7.35 (m, 2 H ), 7.59-7.62 (m, 1 H ), 7.76-7.78 (m, 1 H), 8.18 (dd, 1 H, J = 8.6, 1.6 Hz), 8.57 (d, 1 H, J = 1.4 Hz).

PAPER

A short and practical synthetic route of a PDE4 inhibitor (1) was established by using Pd–Cu-catalyzed C–H/C–Br coupling of benzoxazole with a heteroaryl bromide. The combination of Pd(OAc)₂-Cu(OTf)₂-PPh₃ was found to be effective for this key step. Furthermore, telescoping methods were adopted to improve the yield and manufacturing time, and a two-step synthesis of1 was accomplished in 71% overall yield.

Direct Synthesis of a PDE4 Inhibitor by Using Pd–Cu-Catalyzed C–H/C–Br Coupling of Benzoxazole with a Heteroaryl Bromide

Kiichi Kuroda^*†, Shinjiro Tsuyumine†, and Tomohiro Kodama‡

^†Process Chemistry Research and Development Laboratories, Technology Research & Development Division and^‡DSP Cancer Institute, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Company, Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00106

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00106

///////////PDE4 inhibitor , Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Company

Cc1nc3cc(ccc3n1C2CCOCC2)c4nc5ccccc5o4

Supporting Info

ICH M7

May 19, 2016 10:31 am / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

ICH M7

Although relatively quiet in terms of any specific regulatory activities, the last 6 months have seen a plethora of publications that are associated with the ICH M7 guideline. Prominent within these was the Special Edition of Organic Process Research & Development in November 2015. This special edition focused on mutagenic impurities, examining the challenges and also opportunities faced when seeking to implement ICH M7.(5) This was timely as it aligned with the effective date for ICH M7 of January 2016; the guideline when finalized in June 2014 having a defined implementation phase of 18 months. ICH M7 is, in general, a well-written guideline that provides a flexible and pragmatic framework by which the risk posed by mutagenic impurities can be effectively managed. The flexibility provided by the guideline and the opportunities this presents in terms of science and risk based thinking are examined in depth through a…

View original post 1,776 more words

EMA publishes Q A on data required for sterilized primary packaging materials used in aseptic manufacturing processes

May 19, 2016 10:29 am / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

The European Medicines Agency, EMA, recently published questions and answers on what data is required for sterilisation processes of primary packaging materials subsequently used in an aseptic manufacturing process. Read more about “What data is required for sterilisation processes of primary packaging materials subsequently used in an aseptic manufacturing process?“.

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05330_EMA-publishes-Q-A-on-data-required-for-sterilized-primary-packaging-materials-used-in-aseptic-manufacturing-processes_15303,15493,15615,Z-PKM_n.html

The European Medicines Agency, EMA, recently published questions and answers on quality of packaging materials (H+V April 2016):

“3. What data is required for sterilisation processes of primary packaging materials subsequently used in an aseptic manufacturing process?
Terminal sterilisation of the primary packaging, used subsequently during aseptic processing of the finished product, is a critical process and the sterility of the primary container is a critical quality attribute to ensure the sterility of the finished product. Both need to be assured for compliance with relevant Pharmacopoeial requirements for the finished product and product approval.

The site where sterilisation…

View original post 556 more words

FDA´s new policy regarding grouping of supplements for CMC changes

May 19, 2016 10:28 am / Leave a comment

DRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

The US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ) released a new document outlining how supplements can be grouped together and submitted concurrently for the same chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) changes. Find out more about Policy and Procedures regarding the Review of Grouped Product Quality Supplements.

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05320_FDA%B4s-new-policy-regarding-grouping-of-supplements-for-CMC-changes_15173,Z-RAM_n.html

On April 19, 2016 the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ) released a new document outlining how supplements can be grouped together and submitted concurrently for the same chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) changes to multiple approved new drug applications (NDAs), abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) and biological license applications (BLAs) submitted by the same applicant.

The agency says the goal of its new policy is to make the process more efficient and consistent when reviewing grouped supplements.The term “grouped supplements” is used to describe two or more supplements reviewed and processed using…

View original post 343 more words

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FR 2423221; GB 2020269; JP 54157576; NL 7902489; US 4252721

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[F-18](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine

[18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine as a Tumor Imaging Agent

Abstract

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[18F]AMG 580

PAPER

Discovery of Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) PET Tracer AMG 580 to Support Clinical Studies

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Direct Synthesis of a PDE4 Inhibitor by Using Pd–Cu-Catalyzed C–H/C–Br Coupling of Benzoxazole with a Heteroaryl Bromide

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[¹⁸F](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine as a Tumor Imaging Agent

[¹⁸F]AMG 580