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Inotersen sodium,
UNII: 950736UC77
STR https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/1432726-13-0
Thy-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-m5Cyt-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-Thy-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-Thy-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-Gua-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-dGuo-sP-dThd-sP-dThd-sP-dAdo-sP-m5Cyt-dRibf-sP-dAdo-sP-dThd-sP-dGuo-sP-dAdo-sP-dAdo-sP-Ade-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-Thy-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-m5Cyt-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-m5Cyt-MeOEt(-2)Ribf-sP-m5Cyt-MeOEt(-2)Ribf.19Na+
O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thio-uridylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thio-cytidylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thio-uridylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thio-uridylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-P-thio-guanylyl-(3′->5′)-2′-deoxy-P-thio-guanylyl-(3′->5′)-P-thio-thymidylyl-(3′->5′)-P-thio-thymidylyl-(3′->5′)-2′-deoxy-P-thio-adenylyl-(3′->5′)-2′-deoxy-5-methyl-P-thio-cytidylyl-(3′->5′)-2′-deoxy-P-thio-adenylyl-(3′->5′)-P-thio-thymidylyl-(3′->5′)-2′-deoxy-P-thio-guanylyl-(3′->5′)-2′-deoxy-P-thio-adenylyl-(3′->5′)-2′-deoxy-P-thio-adenylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-P-thio-adenylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thio-uridylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thio-cytidylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thio-cytidylyl-(3′->5′)-O2′-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-cytidine sodium salt
|
イノテルセンナトリウム
|
| Formula |
C230H299N69O121P19S19. 19Na
|
|---|---|
| Cas |
1432726-13-0
Antisense oligonucleotide; TTR mRNA
|
| Mol weight |
7600.7669
|
UNII-950736UC77; 950736UC77; Inotersen sodium; Inotersen sodium [USAN]; ISIS 420915 salt; 1432726-13-0
////////////////Inotersen sodium, eu 2018, イノテルセンナトリウム ,
SMILES
[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].COCCO[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]2[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]3[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]4[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]5[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]6C[C@@H](O[C@@H]6COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]7C[C@@H](O[C@@H]7COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]8C[C@@H](O[C@@H]8COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]9C[C@@H](O[C@@H]9COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]%10C[C@@H](O[C@@H]%10COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]%11C[C@@H](O[C@@H]%11COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]%12C[C@@H](O[C@@H]%12COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]%13C[C@@H](O[C@@H]%13COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]%14C[C@@H](O[C@@H]%14COP(=O)([S-])O[C@H]%15C[C@@H](O[C@@H]%15COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]%16[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]%17[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]%18[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]%19[C@@H](COP(=O)([S-])O[C@@H]%20[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]%20OCCOC)N%21C=C(C)C(=O)NC%21=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]%19OCCOC)N%22C=C(C)C(=NC%22=O)N)O[C@H]([C@@H]%18OCCOC)N%23C=C(C)C(=O)NC%23=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]%17OCCOC)N%24C=C(C)C(=O)NC%24=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]%16OCCOC)n%25cnc%26C(=O)NC(=Nc%25%26)N)n%27cnc%28C(=O)NC(=Nc%27%28)N)N%29C=C(C)C(=O)NC%29=O)N%30C=C(C)C(=O)NC%30=O)n%31cnc%32c%31ncnc%32N)N%33C=C(C)C(=NC%33=O)N)n%34cnc%35c%34ncnc%35N)N%36C=C(C)C(=O)NC%36=O)n%37cnc%38C(=O)NC(=Nc%37%38)N)n%39cnc%40c%39ncnc%40N)n%41cnc%42c%41ncnc%42N)O[C@H]([C@@H]5OCCOC)n%43cnc%44c%43ncnc%44N)O[C@H]([C@@H]4OCCOC)N%45C=C(C)C(=O)NC%45=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]3OCCOC)N%46C=C(C)C(=NC%46=O)N)O[C@H]([C@@H]2OCCOC)N%47C=C(C)C(=NC%47=O)N)O[C@H]1N%48C=C(C)C(=NC%48=O)N
Amfonelic acid
Amfonelic acid (AFA; WIN 25,978) is a research chemical and dopaminergic stimulant with antibiotic properties.[1]
The stimulant properties of AFA were discovered serendipitously at Sterling-Winthrop in the midst of research on the antibiotic nalidixic acid.[1] In addition to behaving as antibiotics, it was found that many derivatives of nalidixic acid have either stimulant or depressant effects on the central nervous system.[2] Researchers at Sterling-Winthrop found that AFA had a higher potency and therapeutic indexthan cocaine or amphetamine and so it was singled out for further study.[1][3] A small number of clinical trials were held in the 1970s, but when it was found that AFA exacerbated psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients and produced undesirable stimulant properties in geriatric depressives clinical evaluation of AFA was discontinued.[1] AFA remains a widely used pharmacological tool for study of the brain’s reward system, dopamine pathways, and the dopamine transporter.[1] Since 2013 AFA has been sold on the gray market and there are numerous anecdotal reports detailing its non-medical use.[1]
In studies it proved to be a potent and highly selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) in rat brain preparations.[4][5] A study found a moderately long half-life of approximately 12 hours and a dopaminergic potency approximately 50 fold that of methylphenidate in rat brain preparations.[6] Despite lack of direct serotonin activity, rats treated with subchronic doses of amfonelic acid display subsequent decreases in 5HT and 5HIAA.[7] Amfonelic acid displays no activity in the norepinephrine system.[8]
Despite its different mechanism of action, amfonelic acid displays discriminatory substitution with 150% the stimulant potency of dextroamphetamine.[9] Amfonelic acid has been shown to be neuroprotective against methamphetamine damage to dopamine neurons.[10] It also increases the effects of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol, trifluoperazine and spiperone.[11] Rats are shown to self-administer amfonelic acid in a dose-dependent manner.[12]
Though AFA was discovered in the course of antibiotic research, there is very little data available on the drug’s antimicrobial activity. In 1988 the biologist G.C. Crumplin wrote, “[AFA] is less active against bacteria than are many other 4-quinolones, but studies in our laboratory on selected mammalian cell lines have shown it to be markedly more toxic to these cells than are the 4-quinolones that are more active antibacterial agents. Furthermore, it can be shown that sublethal doses induced marked changes in the pattern of proteins produced by the cell, thus suggesting a possible effect of 4-quinolones on gene transcription in mammalian cells.”[13] When evaluated via broth microdilution the MIC of AFA for Escherichia coli is 125 μg/mL, a concentration thirty times higher than the MIC for nalidixic acid in the same E. coli strain.[1]
 |
|
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| ATC code |
|
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEMBL | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H16N2O3 |
| Molar mass | 308.3329 g/mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
////////////Amfonelic acid, RR302AR19Y, амфонеловая кислота , حمض أمفونيليك , 安福萘酸 , アンホネル酸
CCN1C=C(C(=O)C2=C1N=C(C=C2)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O
Binimetinib
Array BioPharma Inc;PHASE 3 Cancer, ovary (serous)
Novartis PHASE 3 Melanoma
MEK-1 protein kinase inhibitor; MEK-2 protein kinase inhibitor
Liver injury; Melanoma; Noonan syndrome; Ovary tumor; Solid tumor
On June 27, 2018, the Food and Drug Administration approved encorafenib and binimetinib in combination patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test
Binimetinib, also known as Mektovi and ARRY-162, is an anti-cancer small molecule that was developed by Array Biopharma to treat various cancers.[1] Binimetinib is a selective inhibitor of MEK, a central kinase in the tumor-promoting MAPK pathway.[2] Inappropriate activation of the pathway has been shown to occur in many cancers.[2] In June 2018 it was approved by the FDA in combination with encorafenib for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600E or V600K mutation-positive melanoma.[3]
Binimetinib, also known as Mektovi, is a potent is a potent and selective oral mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (MEK 1/2) inhibitor which is combined with Encorafenib [4],[8].
On June 27, 2018, the Food and Drug Administration approved the combination of Encorafeniband binimetinib (BRAFTOVI and MEKTOVI, from Array BioPharma Inc.) in combination for patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with the BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test [8].
Binimetinib was originally developed by Array BioPharma, then licensed to Novartis for worldwide development in 2010. But Array Biopharma regained full worldwide rights of the product in 2015. And in 2015, Pierre Fabre acquired exclusive rights to commercialize the product.
Binimetinib is an orally available inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), or more specifically, a MAP2K inhibitor.[4]MEK is part of the RAS pathway, which is involved in cell proliferation and survival. MEK is upregulated in many forms of cancer.[5]Binimetinib, uncompetitive with ATP, binds to and inhibits the activity of MEK1/2 kinase, which has been shown to regulate several key cellular activities including proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis.[6] MEK1/2 are dual-specificity threonine/tyrosine kinases that play key roles in the activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and are often upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types.[7] Inhibition of MEK1/2 prevents the activation of MEK1/2 dependent effector proteins and transcription factors, which may result in the inhibition of growth factor-mediated cell signaling.[8] As demonstrated in preclinical studies, this may eventually lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and an inhibition in production of various inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1, -6 and tumor necrosis factor.[8]
In 2015, it was in phase III clinical trials for ovarian cancer,[9] BRAF mutant melanoma,[10] and NRAS Q61 mutant melanoma.[11]
In December 2015, the company announced that the mutant-NRAS melanoma trial was successful.[12] In the trial, those receiving binimetinib had a median progression-free survival of 2.8 months versus 1.5 months for those on the standard dacarbazinetreatment.[13] NDA submitted Jun 2016,[14] and the FDA should decide by 30 June 2017.[15]
In April 2016, it was reported that the phase III trial for low-grade ovarian cancer was terminated due to lack of efficacy.[16]
Binimetinib was studied for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but a phase II trial did not show benefit.
In 2017, the FDA informed Array Biopharma that the phase III trial data was not sufficient and the New Drug Application was withdrawn.[17]
In June 2018 it was approved for the treatment of certain melanomas by the FDA in combination with encorafenib.[3]
Growth factor-mediated proliferative signals are transmitted from the extracellular environment to the nucleus through several pathways, including the RAS/RAF/ MEK pathway. The RAS/RAF/MEK kinase signal transduction pathway is activated through initial extracellular binding and stimulation of tyrosine receptor kinases (RTKs) by their respective cognate ligands. Upon autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the cytosolic domain of RTKs, the Grb2-Sos complex translocates to the plasma membrane, and converts the inactive RAS’GDP to active RAS’GTP. The interaction between the Grb2 docking protein and the activated kinases or the phosphorylated receptor associated proteins is mediated by the Src Homology (SH2) domain of the signaling protein that recognizes specific phosphotyrosine sequences. RAS undergoes a conformational change upon guanosine 5 ‘-triphosphate (GTP) binding and causes the recruitment of RAF- 1 to the cytoplasmic membrane where it is phosphorylated by several kinases and simultaneous disphosphorylated at key residues by protein phosphatase-2B. Activated RAF phosphorylates the mitogen- activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) on two serine residues in the activation loop, which results in the activation of this protein kinase. MEK then phosphorylates and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), allowing its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates transcriptional factors permitting the expression of a variety of genes.
The RAS/RAF/MEK signal transduction pathway is deregulated, often through mutations that result in ectopic protein activation, in roughly 1/3 of human cancers. This deregulation in turn results in a wide array of cellular changes that are integral to the etiology and maintenance of a cancerous phenotype including, but not limited to, the promotion of proliferation and evasion of apoptosis (Dhillon et al., Oncogene, 2007, 26: 3279-3290).
Accordingly, the development of small molecule inhibitors of key members of the RAS/ RAF/ MEK signal transduction pathway has been the subject of intense effort within the pharmaceutical industry and oncology community.
MEK is a major protein in the RAS/ RAF/ MEK pathway, which signals toward cell proliferation and survival, and frequently activated in tumors that have mutations in the RAS or RAF oncogenes or in growth receptor tyrosine kinases. MEK is a key player in the RAS/RAF/MEK pathway as it is downstream of RAS and RAF. Despite being only rarely mutated in cancer (Murugan et al., Cell Cycle, 2009, 8: 2122-2124; Sasaki et al., J. Thorac. Oncol., 2010, 5: 597-600), inhibitors of the MEK1 and MEK2 proteins have also been targeted for small molecule inhibition owing to their central position within the RAS/ RAF/ MEK signal transduction pathway signaling cascade (Fremin and Meloche, J. Hematol.
Oncol., 2010, 3:8). Recently a potent MEK inhibitor failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Haura et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 2010, 16: 2450-2457). The reason for failure in this trial is not clear.
6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (hereinafter, “Compound A”) is a benzimidazole compound that is a known potent and selective inhibitor of the MEK1 and MEK2 proteins, and useful in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, particularly cancer, in mammals. For example, in a recently published Phase I study of 28 patients suffering from unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic biliary cancer and who had received < 1 prior systemic therapy, oral Compound A treatment (60 mg twice daily) resulted in 1 complete regression, 1 partial regression and 11 stable disease diagnoses after at least 6 weeks of treatment (Finn et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 2012 (Supplement 4, 2012 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, Abstract No. 220). Compound A has also been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of patients with either BRAFV600 or NRAS-mutant melanoma (Ascierto et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 2012 (Supplement, 2012 ASCO Annual Meeting, Abstract No. 8511).
The compound, as well as a process for its preparation, is disclosed in PCT Pub. No. WO 03/077914
MEK-162, a potent, orally active MEK1/2 inhibitor, is in phase III clinical trials at Array BioPharma and licensee Novartis for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable cutaneous melanoma with NRAS mutations and in combination with LGX-818 in adult patients with BRAF V600. Phase III studies are also under way at Array BioPharma for the treatment of low grade serous carcinomas of the ovary, fallopian tube or primary peritoneum following at least one prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimen and no more than three lines of prior chemotherapy regimens. Novartis and Array BioPharma are also conducting phase II clinical studies for the treatment of locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic malignant cutaneous melanoma, harboring BRAFV600E mutations; in BRAF mutated melanoma in combination with AMG-479 and for the treatment of Noonan’s syndrome, and in non-small cell lung cancer harboring KRAS or EGFR mutation and in combination with erlotinib. MEK-162 is being evaluated in phase I/II as first line treatment of advanced biliary tract carcinoma and for the treatment of adult patients with mutant or wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer. The product is in early clinical trials at Array Biopharma for the treatment of biliary cancer.
According to Array, MEK-162 may also provide broad therapeutic benefits in the treatment of chronic degenerative diseases. However, a phase II trial for the treatment of stable rheumatoid arthritis (RA) did not meet its primary endpoint. Based on these data, the company focused development of MEK-162 solely in oncology.
In 2010, MEK-162 was licensed to Novartis by Array BioPharma for worldwide development. In 2013, orphan drug designation was assigned in Japan for the treatment of malignant melanoma with NRAS or BRAF V600 mutation.
WO-2014063024 DEALS WITH Preparation, crystalline forms, and formulations comprising binimetinib. Binimetinib is a MEK-1/2 inhibitor originally claimed in WO03077914, which Array and Novartis are developing for the treatment of cancer, including melanoma, low-grade serous ovarian cancer, and other solid tumors, as well as Noonan syndrome hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hepatic impairment. See also WO2014018725 for the most recent filing on the agent
SYNTHESIS
PATENT
WO 03/077914
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2003077914A1?cl=en
Schemes 1-4.
Scheme 1
Scheme la
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
17 18
Scheme 4
25
Scheme 5
General synthetic methods which may be referred to for preparing some of the compounds of the present invention are provided in PCT published application number WO 00/42022 (published July 20, 2000). The foregoing patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
similar ie chloro instead of fluoro
Example 52
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide (lOcc) Step A: 3-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 2a
3-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-benzoic acid la (3.00 g, 15.6 mmol) is added to a stirred solution of concentrated H2SO4 (16 mL) and fuming nitric acid (0.85 mL, 20.3 mmol). After 3 hours a precipitate forms. The yellow slurry is poured onto ice water (100 mL). The aqueous mixture is extracted with diethyl ether (3x). The organic extracts are dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3.50 g (95%) of clean desired product as a pale yellow solid.
Step B: 4-Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3a
Ammonium hydroxide solution (6.88 g, -30% in water, 58.9 mmol) is added to a solution of 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 2a (3.5 g, 14.7 mmol) in water (16 mL) at 0 °C with stirring. Upon completion of the ammonium hydroxide addition the reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature. After 5 hours the reaction mixture is cooled to 0 °C and concentrated HCl is carefully added until the pH of the reaction mixture is near zero. The solid is collected by filtration and washed with water and diethyl ether. The solids are transferred to a round bottom flask as a solution in MeOH and EtOAc and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.96 g of a yellow solid. The filtrate is partitioned between diethyl ether and water and the organic layer is washed with brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na2SO ) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 0.65 g of product. Recovered a total of 3.61 g (104%) of pure desired product, that is carried forward without further purification.
Step C: 4~Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 4a
To a stirred solution of 4-amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3a (3.61 g, 15.4 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and MeOH (10 mL), TMS diazomethane (9.23 mL, 2.0 M solution in hexanes, 18.5 mmol) is added. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture is concentrated via rotary evaporation with acetic acid in the trap. The recovered oily solid is triturated with diethyl ether to provide 1.51 g of a yellow solid. The filtrate is concentrated and triturated with diethyl ether to give an additional 0.69 g of yellow solid. A total of 2.20 g (57%) of pure desired product is recovered.
Step D: 4-Amino-3-chloro-5-nitro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 5c
4-Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 4a (2.20 g, 8.84 mmol) is suspended in MeOH (9.4 mL) and aniline (3.22 mL, 35.4 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated to reflux with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 19 hours, the reaction is complete. Distilled water (3.22 mL) is added to the reaction mixture and refluxing is continued for one hour. The reaction mixture is cooled to 0 °C in an ice bath for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture is filtered and washed with 3:10 distilled water/MeOH (65 mL total) and then with MeOH. The solid is dissolved with CH2C12 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.40 g (84%) of pure desired product. MS APCI (-) m/z 320.3 (M-l) detected.
Step E: 4, 5-Diamino-3-chloro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 6b
4-Amino-3-chloro-5-nitro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 5c (0.50 g, 1.55 mmol) is dissolved into 2:1 EtOH/MeOH (15.5 mL). Saturated aqueous NH4C1 (15 mL), Zn powder (1.02 g, 15.6 mmol), and THF (10 mL) are added. After stirring for 20 hours, the reaction mixture is diluted with CH C12/THF and water. The organic layer is washed with water (3x). The combined organic extracts are dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solids are triturated with ether to give 0.32 g (70%) clean desired product. Step F: 7-Chloro-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7c
4,5-Diamino-3-chloro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 6b (0.32 g, 1.09 mmol) and formamidine acetate (72 mg, 1.64 mmol) in EtOH (36 mL) are heated, with stirring, to 80 °C. After 44 hours, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc and washed with water (3x), saturated NaHCO3, and brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 0.33 g (99%) clean desired product as a solid. MS APCI (+) m/z 302.3 (M+l) detected.
Step G: 6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8g
7-Chloro-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7c (0.327 g, 1.08 mmol) is dissolved into DMF (16 mL) and NBS (0.193 g, 1.08 mmol) is added. After one hour, the reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHSO3. The reaction mixture is then partitioned between EtOAc/THF and water. The organic layer is washed with water and brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na2SO ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The recovered solid is triturated with ether to give 0.225 g (54%) pure desired product. MS ESI (+) m/z 382, 384 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step H: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)- 7 -chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5 -carboxylic acid methyl ester lOdd 6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8g (0.225 g, 0.591 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and NCS (79 mg, 0.591 mmol) is added. After the NCS is in solution concentrated HCl (0.005 mL, 0.059 mmol) is added. After 2 hours, sodium bicarbonate, water and NaHSO3 are added to the reaction mixture. Solids are filtered and washed with water and ether to give 0.141 g (57%) of clean desired product as a tan solid. MS APCI (-) m/z 414, 416 (M-, Br pattern) detected.
Step I: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester lOee
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester lOdd (0.141 g, 0.34 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.141 g, 1.02 mmol), and iodomethane (0.063 mL, 1.02 mmol) are dissolved in dimethylformamide (3 mL). After 20 hours, the reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc and washed with water (3x), potassium carbonate, and brine. The organic layer is dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated to a brown oil. The N3 and Nl alkylated regioisomers are separated by flash chromatography (EtOAc). The recovery of the N3 alkylated regioisomer is 20.4 mg (28%). MS ESI (+) m/z 428, 430 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step J: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid 10 ff
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester lOee (21 mg, 0.048 mmol) is dissolved into 2:1 THF/water (1.2 mL) and NaOH (0.190 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.190 mmol) is added. After stirring for 4 hours the reaction is diluted with water and acidified to pH 2 by addition of 1.0 M HCl. The mixture is then extracted with 3:1 EtOAc/THF (3x), dried (Na2SO ) and concentrated to give quantitative yield of desired prodcut as a white solid. MS APCI (+) m/z 414, 416 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step K: 6-(4-Bromo-2’chloro-phenylamino)- 7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy) -amide lOgg
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid lOff (32 mg, 0.077 mmol), O-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-hydroxylamine (0.010 mL, 0.092 mmol), HOBt (13 mg, 0.093 mmol), triethylamine (0.011 mL, 0.077 mmol), and EDCI (19 mg, 0.10 mmol) are dissolved into dimethylformamide (1.0 mL) and allowed to stir under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc, washed with water (3x), 10% potassium carbonate (2x), saturated ammonium chloride, brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 39 mg of 85% pure material. MS APCI (-) m/z 497, 501 (M-, Br pattern) detected.
Step L: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide lOcc
Hydrochloric acid (0.78 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.78 mmol) is added to a suspension of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H- benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid lOgg (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide (39 mg, 0.078 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL). After one hour, the reaction mixture is neutralized to pH 7 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solids are dissolved in EtOAc, washed with brine, dried (Na SO4), and concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography (20:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH) provides 9 mg (23%) of pure product: MS APCI (+) m/z 473, 475 (M+, Br pattern) detected; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.30 (s, IH), 8.08 (s, IH), 7.57
(d, IH), 7.15 (dd, IH), 6.21 (d, IH), 3.97 (s, 3H) 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.57 (m, 2H).
actual is below
Example 18
The following compounds are prepared by methods similar to those described in
Example 10 by using methyl ester 8d and the appropriate alkylating agent (Step A) and
the appropriate hydroxylamine (Step C):
PATENT
COMPD A
Example 1. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-
In an inertized (N2) reaction vessel at internal temperature 20°C and under exclusion of humidity and air, Compound 1 (1.0 eq.) and Compound 2 (1.2 eq.) are reacted in the presence of cesium carbonate (2.4 eq.), tris(dibenzylidenaceton) dipalladium(O) (0.035 eq.) and Xantphos (0.07 eq.) in a mixture of toluene and 1 ,4-dioxane at internal temperature of 99°C. After 8 hours, the mixture is cooled to internal temperature of 60°C.
Subsequently, dimethylformamide (DMF), filter aid (CEFOK) and activated charcoal (EKNS) are added, and the mixture is stirred and cooled to internal temperature of 35 °C. The solids are filtered off and washed with a mixture of dimethylformamide and toluene. To the filtrate, which contains the product Compound 3, is introduced at internal temperature of
25 °C hydrogen chloride gas (CLC) whereupon the HQ salt of Compound 3 crystallizes. The palladium residue mainly remains in solution. After warming to 60 °C and cooling to 0°C, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with a mixture of toluene and dimethylformamide.
The damp Compound 3 HC1 salt is charged to a reactor (equipped with pH probe) together with dimethylformamide and is heated to 60°C. By adding a 4 wt% of aqueous tripotassium phosphate solution, the pH is adjusted to a pH range of 6.8-7.6 (with a target of pH 7.2) while Compound 3 crystallizes as free base. After cooling to 22°C and stirring, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with drinking water. The moist solids are dried at 50 °C under vacuum to give dry, crude Compound 3.
In order to remove residual palladium, dry, crude Compound 3 is dissolved in dimethylformamide at internal temperature of 60°C and stirred together with Smopex-234 (commercially available from Johnson Matthey) and activated charcoal for 90 minutes. The solids are filtered off at internal temperature of 60°C and are washed with
dimethylformamide. To the filtrate are added drinking water and Compound 3 seed crystals. More drinking water is added while Compound 3 crystallizes. After cooling to internal temperature of 20 °C, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with a mixture of deionized water and dimethylformamide and with deionized water. The moist solids are dried at 50°C under vacuum, providing 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Compound 3).
Example 2. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide
A. “One-pot” Synthesis
In an inertized reaction vessel at internal temperature 20-25 °C under nitrogen, 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Compound 3, 1.0 eq.) is added to a mixture of DMF and THF. To this slurry, a solution of potassium trimethylsilanolate (1.05 eq.) in THF is added to the mixture at internal temperature of 25 °C over a period of about 40 minutes, and the resulting mixture is stirred for about 1 hour, providing a potassium salt solution of Intermediate 1. A THF/methanol mixture is then sequentially distilled off from the mixture at 85-120°C during about 2 hours.
The potassium salt solution is then added to a suspension of CDI (1.25 eq.) and imidazole hydrochloride (1.40 eq.) in THF at internal temperature of 25 °C over a period of about 1 hour. The resulting mixture is then stirred for approximately 1 hour at 50°C, and the following imidazolide intermediate
The imidazolide intermediate is not further isolated.
Subsequently, 1.2 eq. of 0-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)hydroxylamine (Compound 4, CAS No. 1023742-13-3, available from suppliers such as Huhu Technology, Inc.®) is added over a period of about 30 minutes at 50°C and stirred for 1.5 hours. Demineralized water is then added at 50°C, producing a precipitate. After cooling to 20°C and stirring for about 3-16 hours, the slurry is filtered off, washed with THF/ demineralized water (1 :2) in 2 portions and with demineralized water in three portions, and dried at 50°C / <70 mbar for about 17 hours, providing 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) as monohydrate.
B. A synthesis method with isolation of the intermediate of step a) from the reaction mixture of step a) prior to the reaction of step b)
Alternatively, 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5 -carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) can be made by the synthesis method as shown below. Compound 3, which is a methyl ester, is first converted to a carboxylic acid, which is then isolated by a crystallization to form Compound
6. Compound 6 is then coupled with Compound 4 to form Compound 5 as monohydrate.
The crystallization step in this method removes starting materials such as Compound 1, process impurities, and the dba ligand from the prior catalyst before the coupling reaction with Compound 4, and at the same time maintains the overall yield of the synthesis.
6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-memy acid In an inertized (N2) reaction vessel at internal temperature of 60°C, Compound 3 (1.0 eq.) is dissolved in DMF and stirred with a fiber, which is sold under the trademark
SMOPEX 234, and activated charcoal for the removal of palladium to not more than 100 ppm. The fiber and activated charcoal are removed by filtration at 60°C and washed with DMF.
The filtrate (containing Compound 3) is transferred to a second inertized (N2) reaction vessel and cooled to an internal temperature of 30°C. A thin suspension can form at this point of time. 30% sodium hydroxide (1.1 eq.) and water (for rinsing) are added, and the resulting reaction mixture is vigorously stirred for 3 hours at an internal temperature of 30 °C. The methyl ester is saponified. Conversion is checked by an IPC (HPLC). As soon as the IPC criterion is met, a filter aid, which is sold under the trademark HYFLO, is added. The mixture is stirred for 15 minutes and then filtered at 30°C via a plate filter and polish filter to a third reaction inertized (N2) vessel.
An aqueous HC1 solution 7.5 % is added to the clear filtrate in the third vessel at an internal temperature of 30 °C until a pH value of 8 is reached. Then the solution is seeded at an internal temperature of 30°C with Compound 6, and an aqueous HC1 solution 7.5 % is added under vigorous stirring until a pH value of pH 2.8 is reached. The product gradually crystalizes. The suspension is cooled over 60 min to an internal temperature of 25 °C and
water is added. The suspension is stirred for at least 4 hours at an internal temperature of 25°C.
The resulting solid is collected by centrifugation or filtration. The filter cake is first washed with DMF/water 1 :1 (w/w) and then with water, discharged and dried in a vacuum at 50°C. The water content is controlled by IPC. The crystalline product Compound 6 is discharged as soon as the IPC criterion is met.
6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid- (2-tert-butoxyethoxy) – amide
An inertized (N2) reaction vessel is charged with Compound 6 (1.0 eq.), DMF, and
THF at room temperature. The suspension is heated to 25 °C under stirring with flow of nitrogen. After CDI (1.13 eq.) is added, the suspension can get thinner and slight evolution of gases can be observed. After the suspension finally becomes a solution, it is then monitored by IPC (HPLC).
As soon as the IPC (HPLC) criterion is met, the reaction mixture is heated to 50°C over 20 minutes and imidazole hydrochloride (0.3 eq.) is added, forming a solution of
Intermediate 2.
To the solution of Intermediate 2, Compound 4 (1.3 eq.) is added over 60 minutes at internal temperature of 50°C under stirring at a speed of 300 rpm with flow of nitrogen. As soon as the IPC (HPLC) criterion is met, the mixture is cooled to 20-25 °C over 30 minutes. The mixture is then stored at ambient temperature overnight under nitrogen without stirring. DMF is added to the mixture followed by heating it to 50 °C over 30 minutes. Complete conversion of Intermediate 2 to Compound 5 is confirmed by IPC (HPLC).
Water is added to the mixture at internal temperature of 50 °C over 20 minutes. Then the solution is seeded with Compound 5. After stirring at 50 °C for 60 minutes, more water is added to the suspension at 50 °C over 90 minutes. After vigorous stirring, the suspension is cooled to 20 °C over 2 hours and filtered. The filter cake is washed twice with THF/water (v/v: 1 :2) at 20 °C, and twice with water at 20 °C. Finally, the filter cake is dried at 50 °C under vacuum to provide 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) as monohydrate.
Example 3. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A)
Compound 5 Compound A
6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) monohydrate is added in 3 portions to a premixed solution of Acetonitrile and excess Phosphoric acid (85 % aqueous solution) at internal temperature 20-25 °C. After stirring for about 15 minutes, the suspension is heated to internal temperature 50-53 °C. The suspension is maintained at this temperature for 6 hours, cooled to internal temperature 20-25 °C. The mixture is then heated to internal temperature 35-37°C and diluted with Ethanol- Water (3 :1 v/v). EKNS and CEFOK are added, the reaction mixture is stirred approximately 15 minutes and filtered over a funnel coated with CEFOK. The filtrate is cooled to approximately 30°C. 3 N aqueous potassium hydroxide (ΚΟΗ) is added to the cooled filtrate over a period of 90 minutes until a pH- value of about 8.1 is reached. The suspension is heated to internal temperature 60-63 °C, stirred at this temperature for a period of about 2 hours, cooled to 20-23 °C over a period of about 45 minutes, filtered over a funnel, and dried at 50°C pressure <100 mbar over a period of about 17 hours, providing 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A) as a white powder.
Example 4. Preparation of Crystallized 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A) In a dry vessel at room temperature, Compound A is added to a premixed solvent solution of methanol/THF/water (35/35/30 w/w). The suspension is heated to internal temperature 53-55°C, and the resulting solution is hot filtered by deep and membrane filtration (via a paper filter and PTFE membrane) at internal temperature 53-56°C. The clear solution is stirred and cooled to 47-48°C, and the seed crystals suspension (i.e., seed crystals of crystallized Compound A in water, 10% m/m) is added (0.2 to 0.5% of crystallized Compound A expected yield mass). After about 20 minutes, water is slowly added within 25 hours (33.3% within 15 hours and 66.6% within 10 hours with at least 10 minute stirring after addition of water) to obtain a final ratio of methanol THF/water (20/20/60 w/w). After the water is added, the suspension is cooled down to internal temperature 3-5 °C within 10 hours and stirred for 0.5 hours. The white suspension is filtered over a sinter glass nutsche (75 ml, diameter = 6 cm, pore 3) suction filter and washed once with ice cold methanol/THF/water (15/15/70 w/w at 2-4 °C), and two times with ice cold water (2-4 °C). Drying takes place in a vacuum oven dryer at 20°C for 10 hours, and then at 40°C for 10 hours, and then at 60°C for at least 12 hours with pressure < lOmbar, providing crystallized Compound A.
CLIP
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_de171b9b0101dvov.html
CLIP
https://www.pharmacodia.com/yaodu/html/v1/chemicals/675f9820626f5bc0afb47b57890b466e.html
. PMID 26615130.. PMID 26925841. |
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| Clinical data | |
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| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
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| KEGG | |
| ChEMBL | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C17H15BrF2N4O3 |
| Molar mass | 441.23 g/mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
/////////////BINIMETINIB, FDA 2018, MEK-162, биниметиниб , بينيميتينيب , 美替尼 , ビニメチニブ , 606143-89-9 , 9764, ARRY-162, ARRY-438162, NVP-MEK162
CN1C=NC2=C(F)C(NC3=CC=C(Br)C=C3F)=C(C=C12)C(=O)NOCCO
https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i23/Array-licenses-cancer-compounds-Ono.html
Array BioPharma has licensed Japan’s Ono Pharmaceutical the right to develop two late-stage oncology compounds, binimetinib and encorafenib, in Japan and South Korea. Array will get $32 million up front and up to $156 million in milestone payments. The compounds are in Phase III studies of patients with BRAF-mutant cancers. Array recently struck a deal to assess binimetinib with two Bristol-Myers Squibb immuno-oncology agents.
| Cenegermin sequence: | |
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SSSHPIFHRGEFSVCDSVSVWVGDKTTATDIKGKEVMVLGEVNIN |
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NSVFKQYFFETKCRDPNPVDSGCRGIDSKHWNSYCTTTHTFVKAL |
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TMDGKQAAWRFIRIDTACVCVLSRKAVR |
August 22, 2018
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved the first drug, Oxervate (cenegermin), for the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis, a rare disease affecting the cornea (the clear layer that covers the colored portion of the front of the eye).
“While the prevalence of neurotrophic keratitis is low, the impact of this serious condition on an individual patient can be devastating,” said Wiley Chambers, M.D., an ophthalmologist in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “In the past, it has often been necessary to turn to surgical interventions; these treatments are usually only palliative in this disease. Today’s approval provides a novel topical treatment and a major advance that offers complete corneal healing for many of these patients.”
Neurotrophic keratitis is a degenerative disease resulting from a loss of corneal sensation. The loss of corneal sensation impairs corneal health causing progressive damage to the top layer of the cornea, including corneal thinning, ulceration, and perforation in severe cases. The prevalence of neurotrophic keratitis has been estimated to be less than five in 10,000 individuals.
The safety and efficacy of Oxervate, a topical eye drop containing cenegermin, was studied in a total of 151 patients with neurotrophic keratitis in two, eight-week, randomized controlled multi-center, double-masked studies. In the first study, patients were randomized into three different groups. One group received Oxervate, a second group received an eye drop with a different concentration of cenegermin, and the third group received an eye drop without cenegermin. In the second study, patients were randomized into two groups. One group was treated with Oxervate eye drops and the other group was treated with an eye drop without cenegermin. All eye drops in both studies were given six times daily in the affected eye(s) for eight weeks. In the first study, only patients with the disease in one eye were enrolled, while in the second study, patients with the disease in both eyes were treated in both eyes (bilaterally). Across both studies, complete corneal healing in eight weeks was demonstrated in 70 percent of patients treated with Oxervate compared to 28 percent of patients treated without cenegermin (the active ingredient in Oxervate).
The most common adverse reactions in patients taking Oxervate are eye pain, ocular hyperemia (enlarged blood vessels in the white of the eyes), eye inflammation and increased lacrimation (watery eyes).
Oxervate was granted Priority Review designation, under which the FDA’s goal is to take action on an application within six months of application filing where the agency determines that the drug, if approved, would provide a significant improvement in the safety or effectiveness of the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a serious condition. Oxervate also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.
The FDA granted approval of Oxervate to Dompé farmaceutici SpA.
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Oxervate, Sentinel |
| Synonyms | Recombinant human nerve growth factor; rhNGF; human beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF)-(1-118) peptide (non-covalent dimer) produced in Escherichia coli[1] |
| Routes of administration |
Eye drops |
| ATC code | |
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| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C583H908N166O173S8 |
| Molar mass | 13266.94 g/mol |
August 22, 2018
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved the first drug, Oxervate (cenegermin), for the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis, a rare disease affecting the cornea (the clear layer that covers the colored portion of the front of the eye).
“While the prevalence of neurotrophic keratitis is low, the impact of this serious condition on an individual patient can be devastating,” said Wiley Chambers, M.D., an ophthalmologist in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “In the past, it has often been necessary to turn to surgical interventions; these treatments are usually only palliative in this disease. Today’s approval provides a novel topical treatment and a major advance that offers complete corneal healing for many of these patients.”
Neurotrophic keratitis is a degenerative disease resulting from a loss of corneal sensation. The loss of corneal sensation impairs corneal health causing progressive damage to the top layer of the cornea, including corneal thinning, ulceration, and perforation in severe cases. The prevalence of neurotrophic keratitis has been estimated to be less than five in 10,000 individuals.
The safety and efficacy of Oxervate, a topical eye drop containing cenegermin, was studied in a total of 151 patients with neurotrophic keratitis in two, eight-week, randomized controlled multi-center, double-masked studies. In the first study, patients were randomized into three different groups. One group received Oxervate, a second group received an eye drop with a different concentration of cenegermin, and the third group received an eye drop without cenegermin. In the second study, patients were randomized into two groups. One group was treated with Oxervate eye drops and the other group was treated with an eye drop without cenegermin. All eye drops in both studies were given six times daily in the affected eye(s) for eight weeks. In the first study, only patients with the disease in one eye were enrolled, while in the second study, patients with the disease in both eyes were treated in both eyes (bilaterally). Across both studies, complete corneal healing in eight weeks was demonstrated in 70 percent of patients treated with Oxervate compared to 28 percent of patients treated without cenegermin (the active ingredient in Oxervate).
The most common adverse reactions in patients taking Oxervate are eye pain, ocular hyperemia (enlarged blood vessels in the white of the eyes), eye inflammation and increased lacrimation (watery eyes).
Oxervate was granted Priority Review designation, under which the FDA’s goal is to take action on an application within six months of application filing where the agency determines that the drug, if approved, would provide a significant improvement in the safety or effectiveness of the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a serious condition. Oxervate also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.
The FDA granted approval of Oxervate to Dompé farmaceutici SpA.
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Ambrisentan
BSF-208075; LU-208075
(+)-(2S)-2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid
| アンブリセンタン Ambrisentan  C22H22N2O4 : 378.42 [177036-94-1 |
Ambrisentan (U.S. trade name Letairis; E.U. trade name Volibris; India trade name Pulmonext by MSN labs) is a drug indicated for use in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
The peptide endothelin constricts muscles in blood vessels, increasing blood pressure. Ambrisentan, which relaxes those muscles, is an endothelin receptor antagonist, and is selective for the type A endothelin receptor (ETA).[1] Ambrisentan significantly improved exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance) compared with placebo in two double-blind, multicenter trials (ARIES-1 and ARIES-2).[2]
Ambrisentan was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency, and designated an orphan drug, for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.[3][4][5][6][7]
Ambrisentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist used in the therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Ambrisentan has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has yet to be implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.
Ambrisentan was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Jun 15, 2007, then approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on Apr 21, 2008 and approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Jul 23, 2010. In 2000, Abbott, originator of ambrisentan, granted Myogen (acquired by Gilead in 2006) a license to the compound for the treatment of PAH. In 2006, GlaxoSmithKline obtained worldwide rights to market the compound for PAH worldwide, with the exception of the U.S. It is marketed as Letairis® by Gilead in US.
Ambrisentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist, and is selective for the type A endothelin receptor (ETA). It is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) to improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with WHO Functional Class II-III symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (64%) or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (32%).
Letairis® is available as film-coated tablet for oral use, containing 5 or 10 mg of free Ambrisentan. The recommended starting dose is 5 mg once daily with or without food, and increase the dose to 10 mg once daily if 5 mg is tolerated.
| Last Updated 9/2/2015 | |
|---|---|
| 8/15/2015Reprod. Toxicol. | Endothelin receptor activation mediates strong pulmonary vasoconstriction and positive inotropic effect on the heart. These physiologic effects are vital for the development of the fetal cardiopulmonary system. As such, endothelin receptor antagonists such as Ambrisentan are teratogenic.[8] |
| 8/27/2015NEJM | Ambrisentan when used in combination therapy with Tadalafil was found to be more efficacious in treating treatment naive patients with WHO class II or III Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension than monotherapy using either drug.[9] |
| Approval Date | Approval Type | Trade Name | Indication | Dosage Form | Strength | Company | Review Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-06-15 | Marketing approval | Letairis | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Tablet, Film coated | 5 mg/10 mg | Gilead | Priority; Orphan |
| Approval Date | Approval Type | Trade Name | Indication | Dosage Form | Strength | Company | Review Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-04-21 | Marketing approval | Volibris | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Tablet, Film coated | 5 mg/10 mg | GlaxoSmithKline | Orphan |
| Approval Date | Approval Type | Trade Name | Indication | Dosage Form | Strength | Company | Review Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-07-23 | Marketing approval | Volibris | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Tablet, Film coated | 2.5 mg | GlaxoSmithKline |
| Approval Date | Approval Type | Trade Name | Indication | Dosage Form | Strength | Company | Review Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-10-19 | Marketing approval | 凡瑞克/Volibris | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Tablet | 5 mg | GlaxoSmithKline | |
| 2010-10-19 | Marketing approval | 凡瑞克/Volibris | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Tablet | 10 mg | GlaxoSmithKline |
Ambrisentan is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group 1) in patients with WHO class II or III symptoms to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening.
Endothelin receptor activation mediates strong pulmonary vasoconstriction and positive inotropic effect on the heart. These physiologic effects are vital for the development of the fetal cardiopulmonary system. In addition to this, endothelin receptors are also known to play a role in neural crest cell migration, growth, and differentiation. As such, endothelin receptor antagonists such as Ambrisentan are known to be teratogenic.
Ambrisentan has a high risk of liver damage, and of birth defects if a woman becomes pregnant while taking it. In the U.S., doctors who prescribe it, and patients who take it, must enroll in a special program, the LETAIRIS Education and Access Program (LEAP), to learn about those risks. Ambrisentan is available only through specialty pharmacies.
PATENT
WO9611914A1 / US7109205B2.
WO2010070658A2 / US2011263854A1.
WO2011004402A2 / US2012184573A1.
WO2013030410A2 / US2014011992A1.
CN103709106A.
CN103420811A.
PATENT
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2012167406A1/en
Ambrisentan and darusentan first reported in U. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 2123-2128), as a selective antagonist of endothelin receptor A, followed by their pharmacological properties have been studied further, published in J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 2123-2128), US patent US 5932730, WO 2009/017777 A2 in. The formula (I), when R is methyl, Chinese name is (+) – ambrisentan, Chinese chemical name is (+) – (2S) -2 – [(4, 6- dimethyl-pyrimidine 2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionic acid; English name is (+) – ambrisentan, English name: (S) -2- (4,6-dimethylpyrimidin -2-yloxy) -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid; when R is methoxy, Chinese as (+) – darusentan, Chinese chemical name is (+) – (2S) -2- [ (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionic acid; English name is (+ darusentan, English name: (S) – . 2- (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy) -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid ambrisentan now been approved by the FDA in the United States, the trade name Letairis, for the oral treatment of pulmonary hypertension; up Lu bosentan new drugs may be resistant hypertension (Resistant hypertension) of.
Existing ambrisentan or darusentan synthetic techniques include benzophenone Darzens reaction of an epoxy compound and a racemic methyl chloroacetate, the racemic epoxide opening catalyst in a solution of boron trifluoride diethyl ether ring to give the chiral alcohol latent after substitution reaction and then after hydrolysis reaction ambrisentan or darusentan. Existing obtained optically pure (+) – ambrisentan or (+) – darusentan methods rely mainly on resolution techniques. For example, the split is by a latent chiral alcohol or R- L- proline methyl phenethylamine, see WO 2010/070658 A2, WO 2011/004402 A2. It is well known as chiral utilization of raw materials is not high, resulting in increased costs, limiting industrial-scale applications.
Example 1, (+) – ambrisentan ((2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionic acid) of
Preparation of 3,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxy-propionate (1) (2S)
As indicated above Formula Scheme, wherein, Ph is phenyl; Ac is acetyl;
To a 50 L reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer was added 3.0 L of acetonitrile was dissolved in 3,3-diphenyl acrylate (0.536 mol, 135.0 g), was dissolved in 1.5 L of acetonitrile to give a concentration of 0.12 M 4 M ethylenediamine of formula (IV) shown fructose derived chiral ketones and tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate (36 mmol, 12.2 g), was then added containing 3.0 L Ι χ ΙΟ “an aqueous solution of disodium ; cooling liquid into the reaction vessel dissection, the kettle temperature adjusted to -5 ° C- + 5 ° C; was added in batches with stirring pulverized with the pulverizer medicine through a 1.85 kg potassium hydrogen sulfate complex salt mixture (Oxone®), and 0.78 kg NaHCO 3 (9.29mol), and takes about 4.5 hours complete addition of the above mixture, after the addition the reaction mixture was continued stirring the reaction under this condition (in the system, 3,3- diphenyl acrylate, over a potassium bisulfate salts and complexes of formula molar ratio of fructose derived chiral ketone (IV) is shown in h 5: 0.34), and the timing detection reactions by gas chromatography; the end of the reaction after 5 hours , 5.0 L of water was added to dilute the reaction solution, and extracted with 5.0 L of ethyl acetate; the aqueous phase was added 2.5 L of acetic Extracted with ethyl; organic phases were combined and concentrated to remove the solvent to give homogeneous Qing 162.56 g (2S) -3,3- diphenyl-2,3-epoxy-propionate, crude yield greater than 99%, No purification processing the next reaction, nuclear magnetic conversion was 92%, measured by HPLC enantiomeric excess of 86.9%, Analytical conditions: column model Chiralcel OD-H, n has a volume ratio of the embankment and isopropanol 98: 2 analysis of wavelength 210 nm, the mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL / min, t! = 9.5 min, t 2 = 13.01 min, 86.9% ee.
IR (fi lm) 1760, 1731 cm- 1; ¾ NMR [400 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 7.46-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 8H), 3.99 (m, 3H), 0.96 (t , J = 7.2Hz, 3H); 13 C NMR [100 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 166.99, 138.98, 135.62, 128.67, 128.53, 128.36, 128.13, 127.04, 66.57, 62.16, 61.43, 13.96.
(2) (2S) -2-phenyl-3,3-hydroxy-3-methoxy propionate
The step (1) 162.56 g obtained in unpurified (2S) – 3,3-diphenyl acrylate epoxy crude compound was dissolved in 100 mL of methanol, 1 mL of boron trifluoride etherate ((2S ) – mole fraction of ethylene-3,3-diphenyl acrylate and boron trifluoride diethyl ether ratio of 1: 0.013) for the epoxy ring opening reaction; after controlling the reaction temperature is 20 ° C, reacted for 8 hours , the reaction solution was concentrated, ethyl acetate and aqueous extraction of the reaction solution after the ethyl acetate was concentrated to give 166.0 g of intermediate (2S) -2- hydroxy-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl acetic acid ester, crude yield of 92%, measured by high performance liquid enantiomeric excess of 86.9%, Analytical conditions: column model Chiralcel OD-H, n-and isopropyl alcohol embankment has a volume ratio of 98: 2, the wavelength analysis 210 nm, mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL / min,
min, t 2 = 14.51 min, 85.8% ee .;
IR (film) 1769, 1758 cm “1; 1H NMR [400 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 7.50-7.28 (m, 10H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 4.10 (t, 2H), 3.20 (s, J = 7.2Hz, 3H), 3.03 (s , 1H), 1.17 (t, J = 7.2Hz, 3H); 13 C NMR [100 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 172.48, 141.13, 140.32, 128.97, 128.73, 128.99, 127.81, 127.76, 127.62, 85.01, 77.42, 61.76, 52.62, 14.07.
-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionate (3) (2S) -2- [- oxo – dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)]
Step (2) obtained in 166.0 g of intermediate (2S) -2- hydroxy-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionate were added N, N- dimethylformamide 750 mL , potassium carbonate 45.54 g, was added 4,6-dimethyl after stirring for about half an hour 2-methanesulfonyl-pyrimidin nucleophilic substitution reaction at 80 ° C in an oil bath, the system, (2S) -2- hydroxy -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-ethyl, 4,6-dimethyl-2 molar fraction ratio methylsulfonylpyrimidine and potassium carbonate is 1: 1.2: 0.6; nuclear magnetic after complete consumption of starting material was monitored after about 3 hours, water was added and the reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate layer was concentrated to give 237.70 g of intermediate (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl ) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionate, crude yield greater than 99%, measured by HPLC enantiomeric excess of 85.9%, Analytical conditions: column Chiralcel OD model volume -H, isopropanol and n has embankment ratio of 98: 2, analysis wavelength was 210 nm, the mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL / min, t ^ lO.15 min, t 2 = 11.87 min, 85.9% ee .
IR (film) 1750cm “VH NMR [400 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 7.45 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.19 (m, 7H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.12 ( s, 1H), 4.01-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 3H) 2.38 (s, 6H), 0.93 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H); 13 C NMR [100 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 169.51, 168.70, 163.86, 142.50, 141.29, 128.54, 128.03, 127.97, 127.94, 127.47, 127.40, 115.03, 83.76, 79.23, 77.43, 60.66, 53.92, 23.99, 13.93;. Anal Calcd For C 24 H 26 N 2 O 4 : C, 70.92; H, 6.45; N, 6.89 Found:. C, 70.72; H, 6.47; N, 6.83.
(4) (28) -2 – [(4,6-dimethyl-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionic acid ((+) – Abe Students Tanzania) preparation
To step (3) 237.7 g of the intermediate obtained (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionate was dissolved in 1.2 L of organic solvent is 1,4-dioxane was added 600 mL of an aqueous solution containing 92.3 g of sodium hydroxide (wherein, (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl propionate and sodium hydroxide molar fraction ratio of 1: 4), the reaction temperature was 80 ° C, the reaction after 8 hours, the reaction solution was concentrated, using (1 L, 0.5 L, 0.5 L) and extracted with ether to remove organic impurities, the aqueous phase was extracted after addition of hydrochloric acid to adjust pH 3, large amount of solid appears; then the aqueous phase was added 1.0 L ethyl acetate, filtered to remove insolubles (insolubles which was found after analysis racemic ambrisentan, 23.37 g), the organic layer was concentrated, i.e., optically pure can be obtained 103.9 g (+) – ambrisentan, from 3 , 3-diphenyl acrylate departure, the optically pure (+) – ambrisentan, a yield of 52.3%. A small amount of the obtained reaction with ambrisentan diazo embankment derived (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3 methyl diphenyl measured enantiomeric excess ambrisentan. (2S) -2 – [(4,6- dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl) – oxy] -3-methoxy-3,3-diphenyl-propionic acid methyl ester: HPLC measured enantiomer excess of 99.1%, Analytical conditions: column model Chiralcel OD-H, n has a volume ratio of isopropanol embankment 98:! 2, analysis wavelength was 210 nm, the mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL / min, t = 11.61 min, t 2 = 14.05 min , 99.1% ee.
[a] D 25 = + 174.2 (c = 0.5, MeOH); mp> 150 ° C turns yellow,> 180 ° C into a black, 182 ° C melt; 1H NMR [400 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 7.43 ( d, J = Hz, 2H) , 7.29-7.19 (m, 8H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H) 2.31 (s, 6H); 13 C NMR [100 MHz, CDC1 3] δ 178.98,170.54, 169.70, 163.48, 139.91, 138.91, 128.77, 128.67, 128.22, 128.08, 115.34, 84.67, 77.55, 53.49, 23.93; 1H NMR [400 MHz, DMSO] δ 12.53 (s, 1H ), 7.34-7.20 (m, 10H) , 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H) 2.34 (s, 6H); 13 C NMR [100 MHz, DMSO] δ 169.01, 163.14, 142.59, 141.41, 127.80, 127.68, 127.64, 127.19, 126.95, 114.72, 83.12, 77.55, 52.99, 23.30.
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http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=v89p0350#ref68
Shi and coworkers recently obtained 120 g of virtually enantiopure (+)-ambrisentan (97) without the need for column chromatography (Scheme 23).68 (+)-Ambrisentan, an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, is currently used to treat hypertension. Ketone 2-catalyzed epoxidation afforded 96 in 90% conversion and 85% ee. Compound 97 was further enriched via precipitation and filtration of the racemate.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00184
An efficient and robust synthetic route to (+)-ambrisentan ((+)-AMB) was designed by recycling the unwanted isomer from the resolution mother liquors. The racemization of AMB in the absence of either acid or base in the given solvents was reported. The recovery process was developed to produce racemates with purities over 99.5%. The mechanism of the formation of the process-related impurities of (+)-AMB is also discussed in detail. (+)-AMB was obtained in 47% overall yield with >99.5% purity and 99.8% e.e. by chiral resolution with only one recycling of the mother liquors on a 100-g scale without column purification.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00184/suppl_file/op8b00184_si_001.pdf
PaPER
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3801/d5a98a526a4386c431e25d3ac99a328bfae2.pdf
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 46, 2015 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at http://www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216
Improved Synthesis Process of Ambrisentan and Darusentan Jian Lia , Lei Tian*b, c a School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211171, China b School of Petroluem Engineer, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430100, P. R. China c Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education tianlei4665@163.com
2-hydroxy-3-phenoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropinate (5) was prepared from benzophenone via Darzens, methanolysis and hydrolysis reaction. The compound (5) was salified with (S)-dehydroabietylamine (7) and diasterotropic resolution was carried out to provide the key intermediate (S)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropionic acid (6). Compound (6) was condensed with 2-methylsulfonyl-4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine and 2-methoxysulfonyl4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine to afford ambrisentan (1) and darusentan (7), respectively. Two products were with excellent charity and chemical purity. The total yield of the synthesis was 30.1% and 29.6%, respectively.
Synthesis of methyl 3, 3-diphenyloxirane-2-carboxylate (3) To a solution of sodium methanolate (4.3 g, 79.6 mmol) in dry THF (25 mL) was added the solution of benzophenone (7.2 g, 39.5 mmol) and methyl chloroacetate (6.6 g, 60.8 mmol) in dry THF (15 mL) and stirred at -10 °C for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with water (50 mL). The solution was extracted with diethyl ether (80 mL×3). The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated NaCl. The solution was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford a light yellow oil. The residue (3) can apply in next step without further purification (8.24 g, 82.1%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.99 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.45 (m, 10H).
Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropanoic acid (5)
To a solution of compound (3) (8.2 g, 31.6 mmol) in methanol (40 mL) was added p-toluene sulfonic acid (0.5 g) and stirred at for 0.5 h to afford the solution containing compound (4). Aqueous solution of NaOH (10% wt.) (60 mL) was added to the solution of compound (4) and the mixture was stirred at refluxed for 1h (ester disappeared by TLC). The solution was evaporated in order to remove a lot of methanol. The residue was acidified to pH 2 by conc. HCl. The solution was stirred for overnight and white solid stayed at the aqueous layer. The precipitate was filtered and deeply dried under vacuum to afford (5). (7.34 g, 85.3%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ 3.22 (s, 3H), 5.14 (br, 1H), 5.20 (d, 1H), 7.18-7.37 (m, 10H), 12.30 (1H, br). Synthesis of (S)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropanoate (6) The solution of compound (5) (14 g, 51.4 mmol) in methyltertiarybutylether (140 mL) was stirred and refluxed for 0.5 h. Dehydroabietylamine (7) (14.7 g, 51.4 mmol) in methyltertiarybutylether (50 mL) was added dropwise in 10 min. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h under reflux temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and continued to stir for 2 h. The solid ((R, S)-diastereoisomers) was precipitated from the solution, filtered, washed with acetonitrile. The filtrate was diluted with water (100 mL) and acidified to pH 2 by conc. HCl. The aqueous solution was extracted with methylteriarybutylether (50 mL×4). The organic phases were combined and washed with water (80 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford white residue. The residue was recystallized from toluene to afford (6) as a white solid. (5.53 g, 39.5%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ 3.22 (s, 3H), 5.14 (br, 1H), 5.20 (d, 1H), 7.18-7.37 (m, 10H), 12.30 (1H, br). [α] 20 D =12.3°(c=1.8% in ethanol).
Synthesis of (+)-ambrisentan (1) To a solution of compound (6) (3.6 g, 13.1 mmol) and NaNH2 (1.0 g, 25.6 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added 4, 6-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl) pyrimidine (3.63 g, 19.6 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) slowly. After addition, the reaction was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. The solution was quenched with water (20 mL) and acidified to pH 2 by 10% H2SO4 aqueous solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL ×4). The combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and saturated NaCl solution (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was recrystallized from iso-propyl alcohol (30 mL) and water (40 mL), and precipitate formed was filtered off. The cake was deeply dried under vacuum to afford (1) as a white solid. (4.27 g, 86.1%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): δ 2.39 (s, 6H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 7.28-7.40 (m, 8H), 7.53-7.56 (d, 2H). MS-EI (m/z): 377(M-H). HPLC (XDB-C18, CH3OH/10mmol/L NaH2PO4 + 0.1% H3PO4 = 70/30, 1.0 mL/min): tR 5.2 min (>99.0%); ee= 99.0%.
Patent EP2547663A1
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| License data |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration |
Oral |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Undetermined |
| Protein binding | 99% |
| Elimination half-life | 15 hours (terminal) |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| IUPHAR/BPS | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.184.855  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H22N2O4 |
| Molar mass | 378.421 g/mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
/////////////Ambrisentan, أمبريسنتان , 安立生坦 , BSF-208075, LU-208075, アンブリセンタン
CC1=CC(=NC(=N1)OC(C(=O)O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)OC)C
TEBIPENEM PIVOXIL
テビペネムピボキシル
2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[1-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl]sulfanyl-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate
| Molecular Formula: | C22H31N3O6S2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight: | 497.625 g/mol |
Tebipenem pivoxil; 161715-24-8; Orapenem; UNII-95AK1A52I8; TBPM-PI; Tebipenem pivoxil(L-084)
(＋)-hydroxymethyl(4R,5S,6S )-6-[(1R )-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-{[1-(2-thiazolin-2-yl)-3-azetidinyl]thio}-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate,2-pivalate
Tebipenem (brand name: Orapenem) is a broad-spectrum orally-administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics. It was developed as a replacement drug to combat bacteria that had acquired antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics.[1][2] Tebipenem is formulated as the ester tebipenem pivoxil due to the better absorption and improved bioavailability of this form.[3] It has performed well in clinical trials for ear infection and looks likely to be further developed in future.[4] It is only marketed in Japan.[5] Tebipenem is the first carbapenem whose prodrug form, the pivalyl ester, is orally available.[6]
Tebipenem pivoxil, an oral carbapenem prodrug, was launched in Japan in 2009 by Meiji Seika Pharma for the treatment of bacterial infection in children. The drug candidate was originally developed at Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (now Pfizer) and was subsequently licensed to Meiji Seika.
Tebipenem pivoxil was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Apr 22, 2009. It was developed and marketed as Orapenem® by Meiji Seika in Japan.
In 2017, the product was licensed to Spero Therapeutics by Meiji Seika Pharma for worldwide development and commercialization, except in Japan and certain Asian countries, where Meiji will retain rights.
In 2017, the FDA granted the drug qualified infectious disease product designation for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), diabetic foot infections (DFI) and community acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP)
Tebipenem pivoxil is a broad-spectrum orally-administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics. Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, which act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. It is used to treat otorhinolaryngological infection, otitis media and bacterial pneumonia.
Orapenem® is available as granules for oral use, containing 100 mg Tebipenem pivoxil/g granules. According to the weight of children, 4 mg/kg, and twice a day after dinner.
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PATENTS
WO 2015070394
US5659043
WO9721712
CN 103613526
CN 103012406
CN 102775410
CN 106083858
EP 1580191
PATENT
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104341421A/en
Alternatively Bipei Nan ester (Tebipenempivoxil) (I), chemical name: (+) – (4R, 5S, 6S) -6 – [(lR) -l- hydroxyethyl] -4-methyl-7 – oxo-3 [[1- (2-thiazol-2-yl) -3-azetidinyl] thio] -1-azabicyclo [3. 2.0] hept-2-ene 2-carboxylic acid methyl -2- pivaloyl), of the formula:
[0003]
[0004] developed by the American company Pfizer, for Bipei Nan ester fine granules developed by the Japanese company Meiji, in February 2009 was approved in Japan, and listed in April 2009. Alternatively Bipei Nan prodrug esters are for Bipei Nan, the lower the water after oral administration of the parent drug esterase for Bipei Nan, penicillin-binding protein binding to bacteria (the PBP), inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, and is the only can oral carbapenem antibiotics.
[0005] Alternatively esters Bipei Nan structural characteristics, is a C3-side chain is thiazolyl substituted azetidinyl group, while in the C2 position by matching volts carboxylic ester forming a prodrug, increased oral absorbability; its oral absorption is better than in most β_ lactam antibiotics already on the market now. Bipei Nan for a broad spectrum antibiotic; especially for the PRSP in recent years, mainly due to the infection caused by children (penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae), MRSP (erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Haemophilusinfluenzae (Haemophilus influenzae) showed a very strong antibacterial effect. Alternatively Bipei Nan as prodrugs compared to for Bipei Nan horses volts for Bipei Nan ester having a better absorption kinetics, has good stability.
[0006] TakeshiIsoda like literature SynthesesandPharmacokineticStudiesof ProdrugEstersfortheDevelopmentofOralCarbapenem, L-084 (TheJournalof Antibiotics (2006) 59, 241 – 247; doi:. 10 · 1038 / ja 2006. 34) discloses a method for the synthesis of ester Bipei Nan : the Bipei Nan Alternatively, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, and chloromethyl pivalate was dissolved in N, N- dimethylformamide was added a solution of N, N- diisopropylethylamine, in the reaction was stirred for 4h at 45 ° C, the reaction was cooled to complete 5 ° C, was added ethyl acetate and water, the mixture was adjusted with aqueous citric acid I.OM PH = 4, the organic phase was discarded, the aqueous phase was adjusted with potassium bicarbonate to PH = 7. 6, the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with water and aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was subjected to silica gel column to give a yellow solid which was slurried with ethyl acetate to give colorless crystals. The column chromatography method requires not only consume a large amount of organic solvent together IJ, and a long time, so this method is not suitable for industrial production. In addition, the resulting large solid slurried with ethyl acetate, a solid dispersion is not easy, affect the uniformity of the product.
[0007] Patent US5534510, EP0632039, JP10-195076 discloses a method for synthesizing Bipei Nan ester is: dissolved after lyophilization for Bipei Nan aqueous sodium bicarbonate, lyophilized solid was dissolved in N, N- two dimethylformamide, adding a specific acid, methyl iodide, LH stirred at room temperature, ethyl acetate was added the reaction was completed, the organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was removed, the residue was subjected Alternatively Bipei Nan silica gel column to give the ester.The Mr. Fang Fati Bipei Nan for Bipei Nan into the sodium salt of pivalic acid with methyl iodide, prior to lyophilization to remove water required for the reaction, or affect the subsequent reaction with methyl iodide pivalate, lyophilized difficult when enlarged and the operation will take longer, the method further column chromatography operations shall therefore not suitable for industrial production.
[0008] Chinese patent CN102633801A disclosed for the preparation of esters Bipei Nan, including the following steps of: for Bipei Nan I. 37g, N, N- 11 ml of dimethylformamide, potassium carbonate 0 · 5g, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide 0 · 03g, reaction at 0 · 5h -KTC, Stuttgart dropwise at this temperature, methyl iodide 〇.88g acid, ethyl acetate was added the reaction was completed Ilml insolubles were filtered off, the filtrate was washed with water 22ml, water Ilml phase was extracted once with ethyl acetate, the combined ethyl acetate, washed with water and ethyl acetate are added 11 ml of water, adjusted to 3.5 with aqueous citric acid, phases were separated, the aqueous phase washed with ethyl acetate Ilml with the aqueous phase is added acetic acid 22ml ethyl ester, was adjusted to 7.5 with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, phase separation, washed with water and 22ml ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate phase over anhydrous sodium sulfate was added 0. 5g, dried decolorizing charcoal, the filtrate was concentrated to a volume, stirring crystallization, cooling to 〇~5 ° C followed by stirring crystallization, filtration, and dried to give a white solid 〇.54g. Pivalate methyl iodide using the method of low-temperature reaction, post-treatment operation complicated, solvent volume, increasing both cost and environmental pollution, and methyl iodide pivalate unstable, expensive, not suitable for industrial production.
Example 1
[0029] Alternatively the Bipei Nan 18g, N, N- dimethylformamide 162mL, potassium 6. 54g, tetrabutylammonium bromide (λ45g, the reaction 60min, was added dropwise at this temperature at 25 ° C for chloromethyl pivalate 8. 93g, after the completion of the reaction, water was added and stirred for 10 minutes, 320ml, 160ml ethyl acetate was added to extract the aqueous phase extracted with ethyl acetate and once with 160ml ethyl acetate were combined, washed with water, phase separation, ethyl acetate washed with water 640ml paint ester, the ethyl acetate phase over anhydrous sodium sulfate was added 60g, decolorizing charcoal and dried, and the filtrate was concentrated, was added dropwise 25 ° C under stirring for crystallization 162mL isopropyl ether, filtered and dried to give a white solid 17. 64g. purity by HPLC 99.87%, the yield was 89.7%.
[0030] TBPN1HNMR data (CDCl3):. 5 989-5 978ppm (1H, d, 5 5, H-13.), 5 858-5 847ppm (1H, d, 5 5, Η-13.)… , 4 · 436-4. 390ppm (2H, m, H-22e, H-24e), 4. 232-4. 217ppm (2H, m, H-2, H-9), 4. 173-4. 146ppm (1H, m, H-21), 4. 039-3. 960ppm (4H, m, H-22a, H-24a, H-28), 3. 402-3. 372ppm (2H, t, 7. 5 , H-27), 3. 243-3. 230ppm (1H, m, H-3), 3. 199-3. 167ppm (1H, m, H-8), I. 348-1. 337ppm (3H, d, 5. 5, H-1), I. 24ppm (12H, m, H-17, H-18, H-19, H-10) ·
[0031] TBPN13C bandit R data (CDCl3):.. 176 958ppm (1C, C-15), 172 425ppm (1C, C-4), 164.286ppm (lC, C-25), 159.397ppm (lC, C- ll), 150.363ppm (lC, C-7), 124.570ppm (1C, C-6), 79.826 (1C, C-13), 65. 824ppm (1C, C-2), 60. 905ppm (1C, C -28), 59. 990ppm (1C, C-24), 59. 850ppm (lC, C-3), 58. 164ppm (1C, C-22), 56. 257ppm (lC, C-9), 43. 939ppm (1C, C-8), 38. 767ppm (1C, C-16), 36. 339ppm (1C, C-27), 33. 170 (1C, C-21), 26. 887ppm (3C, C- 17, C-18, C-19), 21.962ppm (lC, Cl), 16.805ppm (1C, C-10)
PAPER
Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2006, 54, 1408-1411.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb/54/10/54_10_1408/_pdf
PAPER
J. Antibiot. 2006, 59, 241-247.
PRESENTATION
Abe, T.; Hayashi, K.; Mihira, A.; Satoh, C.; Tamai, S.; Yamamoto, S.; Hikida, M.; Kumagai, T.; Kitamura, M.
L-084, a new oral carbapenem: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of C2-substituted 1beta-methylcarbapenems
38th Intersci Conf Antimicrob Agents Chemother (ICAAC) (September 24-27, San Diego) 1998, Abst F-64
CLIP
EP 0632039; EP 0717042; JP 1996053453; US 5534510; US 5659043; US 5783703
Halogenation of allylamine (I) with either bromine or sulfuryl chloride produced the corresponding (halomethyl)aziridines (II). Subsequent treatment of (II) with n-butyllithium at -78 C yielded 1-azabicyclobutane (III). Opening of the bicyclic system of (III) with formic acid followed by acid hydrolysis provided 3-hydroxyazetidine (IV). This was condensed with 2-(methylsulfanyl)thiazoline (V) to give thiazolinylazetidine (VI). Alternatively, 3-hydroxyazetidine (IV) was condensed with 2-chloroethyl isothiocyanate (VII) to give the intermediate thiourea (VIII), which cyclized to the thiazoline (VI). Conversion of the hydroxyl group of (VI) into the thioacetate (IX) was carried out by either coupling with thioacetic acid under Mitsunobu conditions or by conversion to mesylate (X) followed by displacement with potassium thioacetate. The required thiol (XI) was then obtained from (IX) by basic hydrolysis of the thioacetate ester.
1-azabicyclobutane (III) was opened with thioacetic acid with concomitant N-acetylation yielding (XII). Further acid hydrolysis of (XII) gave 3-mercaptoazetidine (XIII). Condensation of (XIII) with either 2-(methylthio)thiazoline (V) or 2-chloroethyl isothiocyanate (VII) then produced thiazolinylazetidine (XI).
A further procedure consisted in the opening of 1-azabicyclobutane (III) with 2-mercaptothiazoline (XIV) to give (XV). Subsequent rearrangement of (XV) in the presence of methanesulfonic acid produced thiazolinyl azetidine (XI).
Condensation of (phosphoryloxy)carbapenem (XVI) with 3-mercapto-1-(1,3-thiazolin-2-yl)azetidine (XI) gave thioether (XVII). The p-nitrobenzyl ester group of (XVII) was then deprotected with Zn powder to afford the target carboxylic acid.
. PMID 23147735.. PMID 24846409.
Tebipenem pivoxil
|
|
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Orapenem |
| Routes of administration |
Oral |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| KEGG | |
| PDB ligand | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H31N3O6S2 |
| Molar mass | 497.63 g/mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
/////////////////TEBIPENEM PIVOXIL, orapenem, テビペネムピボキシル ,тебипенем пивоксил , تيبيبينام بيفوكسيل , L-084, ME-1211, JAPAN 2009, SPR-994 , , Qualified infectious disease product designation
CC1C2C(C(=O)N2C(=C1SC3CN(C3)C4=NCCS4)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C(C)O
Tesirine
| Molecular Formula: | C75H101N9O23 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight: | 1496.673 g/mol |
UNII-8DVQ435K46;
CAS 1595275-62-9
(11S,11aS)-4-((2S,5S)-37-(2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-4,7,35-trioxo-10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-octaoxa-3,6,34-triazaheptatriacontanamido)benzyl 11-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-((5-(((S)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-5,11a-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-8-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-2-methyl-5-oxo-11,11a-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-10(5H)-carboxylate
SG3249, Tesirine
[4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)propanoylamino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]phenyl]methyl (6S,6aS)-3-[5-[[(6aS)-2-methoxy-8-methyl-11-oxo-6a,7-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-3-yl]oxy]pentoxy]-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-8-methyl-11-oxo-6a,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5-carboxylate
PATENT
WO 2014057074
In 2012, tesirine (SG3249) was developed by Spirogen, as a drug linker combining a set of desired properties: fast and straightforward conjugation to antibody cysteines by maleimide Michael addition, good solubility in aqueous/DMSO (90/10) systems, and a traceless cleavable linker system delivering the highly potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) DNA cross-linker SG3199
CLIP
CLIP
, Christina von Bulow†, Conor Barry†, Huajun Ge§, Christian Noti∥, Florence Collet Leiris#, Marc McCormick‡, Philip W. Howard†, and Jeremy S. Parker‡ 
This work describes the enabling synthesis of tesirine, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibody–drug conjugate drug-linker. Over the course of four synthetic campaigns, the discovery route was developed and scaled up to provide a robust manufacturing process. Early intermediates were produced on a kilogram scale and at high purity, without chromatography. Midstage reactions were optimized to minimize impurity formation. Late stage material was produced and purified using a small number of key high-pressure chromatography steps, ultimately resulting in a 169 g batch after 34 steps. At the time of writing, tesirine is the drug-linker component of eight antibody–drug conjugates in multiple clinical trials, four of them pivotal
Pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers are an emerging class of warhead in the field of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). Tesirine (SG3249) was designed to combine potent antitumor activity with desirable physicochemical properties such as favorable hydrophobicity and improved conjugation characteristics. One of the reactive imines was capped with a cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine linker. A robust synthetic route was developed to allow the production of tesirine on clinical scale, employing a flexible, convergent strategy. Tesirine was evaluated in vitro both in stochastic and engineered ADC constructs and was confirmed as a potent and versatile payload. The conjugation of tesirine to anti-DLL3 rovalpituzumab has resulted in rovalpituzumab-tesirine (Rova-T), currently under evaluation for the treatment of small cell lung cancer.
https://cdn-pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00062/suppl_file/ml6b00062_si_001.pdf
SG3249 (tesirine) (860 mg, 73% over 2 steps). LC/MS, method 2, 2.65 min (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 1496.78 ([M+H] +. , 20). [] 24 D = +262 (c = 0.056, CHCl3).
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.95 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.97 – 7.84 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.10 – 6.96 (m, 3H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.79 – 6.57 (m, 4H), 5.59 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.32 – 4.17 (m, 2H), 4.17 – 4.07 (m, 1H), 4.07 – 3.87 (m, 3H), 3.80 (d, J = 14.2 Hz, 6H), 3.74 – 3.62 (m, 1H), 3.59 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 4H), 3.55 – 3.42 (m, 28H), 3.35 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.21 – 3.11 (m, 2H), 3.11 – 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.98 – 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.49 – 2.28 (m, 5H), 2.03 – 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.87 – 1.65 (m, 10H), 1.64 – 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.29 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (dd, J = 17.1, 6.7 Hz, 6H).
13C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 171.55, 171.29, 171.16, 170.78, 169.91, 164.80, 162.52, 155.03, 150.25, 139.27, 134.99, 128.84, 123.13, 122.67, 121.76, 119.28, 111.93, 110.93, 86.05, 70.21, 70.16, 70.02, 69.95, 69.46, 68.93, 68.79, 67.39, 57.94, 56.16, 54.03, 49.49, 38.97, 38.89, 36.39, 34.53, 34.40, 31.04, 28.69, 28.65, 22.72, 19.60, 18.55, 18.37, 13.88, 13.82. HRMS (ESI) m/z Calc. C75H101N9O23 1495.70831 found 1495.70444.
FT-IR (ATR, cm‐1 ) 3311, 2911, 2871, 1706, 1643, 1623, 1601, 1512, 1435, 1411, 1243, 1213, 1094, 1075, 946, 827, 747, 695, 664.
| Patent ID | Title | Submitted Date | Granted Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2015297746 | PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTIBODY CONJUGATES |
2013-10-11
|
2015-10-22
|
| US2017267778 | HUMANIZED ANTI-TN-MUC1 ANTIBODIES AND THEIR CONJUGATES |
2015-04-15
|
| Patent ID | Title | Submitted Date | Granted Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2015283258 | PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE – ANTI-PSMA ANTIBODY CONJUGATES |
2013-10-11
|
2015-10-08
|
| US2015283262 | PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTIBODY CONJUGATES |
2013-10-11
|
2015-10-08
|
| US2015283263 | PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE-ANTIBODY CONJUGATES |
2013-10-11
|
2015-10-08
|
| US2016106861 | AXL ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE AND ITS USE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER |
2014-04-28
|
2016-04-21
|
| US2014127239 | PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINES AND CONJUGATES THEREOF |
2013-10-11
|
2014-05-08
|
.//////////Tesirine, SG3249, SG 3249
CC1=CN2C(C1)C=NC3=CC(=C(C=C3C2=O)OC)OCCCCCOC4=C(C=C5C(=C4)N(C(C6CC(=CN6C5=O)C)O)C(=O)OCC7=CC=C(C=C7)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCNC(=O)CCN8C(=O)C=CC8=O)OC
Evocalcet
C24H26N2O2, 374.484
Evocalcet; UNII-E58MLH082P; E58MLH082P; 870964-67-3; Evocalcet [INN]; Orkedia (TN)
エボカルセト
Эвокальцет [Russian] [INN]
エボカルセト
Evocalcet
C24H26N2O2 : 374.48
[870964-67-3]
KHK 7580 …..example
| 3.008 |
 |
 |
 |
2HCl | MS · APCI: 375[M + H]+ |
in EP1757582
4-(3S-(1R-(1-naphthyl)ethylamino)pyrrolidin-1- yl)phenylacetic acid
4-[(3S)-3-[[(1R)-1-(1-naphthalenyl)ethyl]amino]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-Benzeneacetic acid,
BASE ….870964-67-3
DI HCL SALT …….870856-31-8
MF C24 H26 N2 O2 BASE
MW 374.48 BASE
KHK-7580
KHK-7580; MT-4580
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp… innovator
Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co Ltd.. licencee
4-(3S-(1R-(1-naphthyl)ethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenylacetic acid,
Evocalcet (trade name Orkedia) is a drug for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.[1] It acts as a calcium-sensing receptor agonist.[2]
In 2018, it was approved in Japan for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis.[3]
useful as calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) agonists for treating hyperparathyroidism. a CaSR agonist, being developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin, under license from Mitsubishi Tanabe, for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism (phase 2 clinical, as of March 2015).
WO2005115975,/EP1757582
http://www.google.co.in/patents/EP1757582A1?cl=en
Example no
| 3.008 |
|
|
|
2HCl | MS · APCI: 375[M + H]+ |
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
The present invention provides a novel crystal form of an arylalkylamine
compound. Specifically, a novel crystal form of
4-(3S-(1R-(1-naphthyl)ethylamino)pyrrolidin-1- yl)phenylacetic acid has
excellent stability, and is therefore useful as an active ingredient for
a medicine. The present invention also provides an industrially
advantageous method for producing an arylalkylamine compound.
http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20150312&CC=WO&NR=2015034031A1&KC=A1
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
The present invention provides a novel crystal form of an arylalkylamine compound. Specifically, a novel crystal form of 4-(3S-(1R-(1-naphthyl)ethylamino)pyrrolidin-1- yl)phenylacetic acid has excellent stability, and is therefore useful as an active ingredient for a medicine. The present invention also provides an industrially advantageous method for producing an arylalkylamine compound.
PATENT
Reference Example 3.001
(1) To a mixed solution containing 33.5 g of 3-hydroxypiperidine and 62.7 ml of triethylamine dissolved in 250 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise a solution of 55.7 ml of benzyloxycarbonyl chloride in 150 ml of methylene chloride, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. To the reaction mixture were added a saturated aqueous citric acid and chloroform, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried, the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→0:1) to obtain 75.5 g of benzyl 3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate.
MS•APCI (m/z): 236 [M+H]+
(2) 800 ml of a solution of 52.4 ml of oxalyl chloride in methylene chloride was cooled to −78° C., 53.2 ml of DMSO was added dropwise to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 0.5 hour. A solution of 75.5 g of benzyl 3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate dissolved in 200 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise to the mixture, and further 293 ml of triethylamine was added dropwise to the same, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours while a temperature thereof was gradually raised to room temperature. To the reaction mixture were added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and chloroform, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to obtain 83.7 g of 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-piperidone. MS•APCI (m/z): 234 [M+H]+
(3) To a solution of 83.7 g of 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-piperidone dissolved in 1.2 liters of methylene chloride was added 55.0 g of (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, and after the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, 69 ml of acetic acid and 160 g of sodium triacetoxy borohydride were added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous sodium hydroxide to make the mixture basic, and then, chloroform was added to the mixture, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→0:1) to obtain 98.7 g of benzyl 3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate. MS•APCI (m/z): 389 [M+H]+
(4) To a solution of 40.95 g of triphosgene dissolved in 800 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise a mixed solution containing 80.6 g of benzyl 3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate and 86.6 ml of triethylamine dissolved in 200 ml of methylene chloride at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the residue was washed with 200 ml of diethyl ether, and the crystal collected by filtration was recrystallized from chloroform and diethyl ether to obtain 48.9 g of benzyl (R)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate.
Further, the filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=8:1→0:1) to obtain 5.82 g of benzyl (R)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate and 14.5 g of benzyl (S)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate.
(5) To a solution containing 54.6 g of benzyl (R)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate dissolved in 700 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added 350 ml of water, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 15 hours. After tetrahydrofuran was evaporated, a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and chloroform were added thereto, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1→0:1) to obtain 24.3 g of benzyl (R)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate. MS•APCI (m/z): 389 [M+H]+
(6) To a solution containing 24.2 g of benzyl (R)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate dissolved in 250 ml of methanol was added 2.5 g of palladium carbon (10% wet), and the mixture was shaked under hydrogen atmosphere at 3 atm at room temperature for 40 hours. Palladium carbon was removed, and the solvent was evaporated, the residue was washed with ethyl acetate-chloroform (10:1), and collected by filtration to obtain 15.3 g of (R)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine (the following Reference example Table, Reference example 3.001(a)). MS•APCI (m/z): 255 [M+H]+
(7) By using 14.5 g of benzyl (S)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate, the same treatment was carried out as in the above-mentioned (5) to obtain 4.74 g of benzyl (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate. MS•APCI (m/z): 389 [M+H]+
Moreover, by using 4.7 g of benzyl (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate, the same treatment was carried out as in the above-mentioned (6) to obtain 2.89 g of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine. MS•APCI (m/z): 255 [M+H]+
(8) To a solution of 3.46 g of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine dissolved in 15 ml of methanol was added dropwise 20 ml of a solution of 4M hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, diethyl ether was added to the residue, washed and dried to obtain 3.33 g of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine dihydrochloride
| 3.008 |
|
|
|
2HCl | MS · APCI: 375[M + H]+ |
| TABLE A3 | |||||
 |
|||||
| Example No. | R1—X— |
 |
—Ar | Salt | Physical properties, etc. |
CLIP
see all at http://drugpatentsint.blogspot.in/2015/03/wo-2015034031.html
see all at http://drugpatentsint.blogspot.in/2015/03/wo-2015034031.html
see all at http://drugpatentsint.blogspot.in/2015/03/wo-2015034031.html
see all at http://drugpatentsint.blogspot.in/2015/03/wo-2015034031.html
see all at http://drugpatentsint.blogspot.in/2015/03/wo-2015034031.html
do not miss out on above click
http://www.kyowa-kirin.com/research_and_development/pipeline/
KHK7580 -Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
JP
| Company | Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp. |
| Description | Calcium receptor agonist |
| Molecular Target | |
| Mechanism of Action | Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist |
| Therapeutic Modality | Small molecule |
| Latest Stage of Development | Phase II |
| Standard Indication | Thyroid disease |
| Indication Details | Treat hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis; Treat secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) |
| Regulatory Designation | |
| Partner |
August 29, 2014
Tokyo, Japan, August 29, 2014 — Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. (Tokyo: 4151, President and CEO: Nobuo Hanai, “Kyowa Hakko Kirin”) today announced the initiation of a phase 2b clinical study evaluating KHK7580 for secondary hyperparathyroidism patients receiving hemodialysis in Japan.
This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-center study is designed to evaluate efficacy and safety in cohorts comprising KHK7580, its placebo and cinacalcet and initial dose of KHK7580 for secondary hyperparathyroidism patients receiving hemodialysis.
KHK7580 is a small molecular compound produced by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (President & Representative Director, CEO: Masayuki Mitsuka, “Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma”). Kyowa Hakko Kirin signed a license agreement of KHK7580 with Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma for the rights to cooperative research, develop, market and manufacture the product in Japan and some part of Asia on March 2008.
The Kyowa Hakko Kirin Group is contributing to the health and prosperity of the world’s people by pursuing advances in life sciences and technology and creating new value.
Outline of this study
| CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER |  NCT02216656 |
|---|---|
| TARGET POPULATION | Secondary hyperparathyroidism patients receiving hemodialysis |
| TRIAL DESIGN | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (included open arm of cinacalcet), parallel-group, multi-center study |
| ADMINISTRATION GROUP | KHK7580, Placebo, cinacalcet |
| TARGET NUMBER OF SUBJECTS | 150 |
| PRIMARY OBJECTIVE | Efficacy |
| TRIAL LOCATION | Japan |
| TRIAL DURATION | Jul. 2014 to Jun. 2015 |
Kyowa Hakko Kirin
Media Contact:
+81-3-3282-1903
or
Investors:
+81-3-3282-0009
New comment waiting approval on New Drug Approvals |
 |
|
http://www.medkoo.com/products/6729
Name: Evocalcet
CAS#: 870964-67-3
Chemical Formula: C24H26N2O2
Exact Mass: 374.19943
Evocalcet is a calcium-sensing receptor agonist. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a Class C G-protein coupled receptor which senses extracellular levels of calcium ion. The calcium-sensing receptor controls calcium homeostasis by regulating the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). CaSR is expressed in all of the organs of the digestive system. CaSR plays a key role in gastrointestinal physiological function and in the occurrence of digestive disease. High dietary Ca2+ may stimulate CaSR activation and could both inhibit tumor development and increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of cancer cells in colon cancer tissues. (Last update: 12/15/2015).
Synonym: MT-4580; MT 4580; MT4580; KHK-7580; KHK7580; KHK 7580; Evocalcet
IUPAC/Chemical Name: 2-(4-((S)-3-(((R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)amino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)acetic acid
2
https://tripod.nih.gov/ginas/app/substance/f580b9fd
http://www.drugspider.com/drug/evocalcet
| INN NAME |
Evocalcet
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAB CODE(S) |
MT-4580
KHK-7580
|
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| CHEMICAL NAME |
{4-[(3S)-3-{[(1R)-1-(Naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}acetic acid
|
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| CHEMICAL STRUCTURE |
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| MOLECULAR FORMULA |
C24H26N2O2
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| SMILES |
O=C(O)CC1=CC=C(N2C[C@@H](N[C@@H](C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3)C)CC2)C=C1
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| CAS REGISTRY NUMBER |
870964-67-3
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| ORPHAN DRUG STATUS |
No
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| ON FAST TRACK |
No
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| NEW MOLECULAR ENTITY |
Yes
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| MECHANISM OF ACTION | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| CLINICAL TRIAL(S) |
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| UPDATED ON |
11 Oct 2015
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CLIP
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X18303676
Scheme 1. Synthesis of key intermediates S4, S5, S9, and S10. Reagents and conditions: (a) Tf2O, i-Pr2NEt, CH2Cl2, −20 °C. Then, (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, −20 °C to rt (S1 57%); (b) triphosgene, Et3N, CH2Cl2, −20 °C to 5 °C. Then, i-Pr2NEt, tert-butanol, 70 °C; (c) separation via silica gel chromatography (S2 31%, S3 33% in 2 steps); (d) HCl, chloroform, 1,4-dioxane, rt (S4 > 94%, S5 > 94%); (e) (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, NaBH(OAc)3, acetic acid, CH2Cl2, rt (S6 79%); (f) triphosgene, Et3N, CH2Cl2, 0 °C to rt; (g) separation via filtration and silica gel chromatography (S7 58%, S8 16% in 2 steps); (h) water, tetrahydrofuran, reflux; (i) H2, Pd/C, methanol, rt (S9 50% in 2 steps); (j) HCl, ethyl acetate, methanol, rt (S10 31% in 3steps).
Scheme 2. Synthesis of 2–15 and evocalcet (16). Reagents and conditions: (a) aryl iodide or aryl bromide, palladium acetate, (rac)-BINAP, sodium tert-butoxide, toluene, 80 °C or reflux; (b) HCl, ethyl acetate or 1,4-dioxane, rt; (c) tert-butyl 4-fluorobenzoate, potassium carbonate, DMSO, 130 °C; (d) HCl, 1,4-dioxane, 45 °C; (e) 2-aminoethanol, EDC hydrochloride, HOBt, Et3N, DMF, rt; (f) 5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(triphenylmethyl)–2H-tetrazole, Pd2(dba)3, (2-biphenyl)di-tert-butylphosphine, sodium tert-butoxide, toluene, rt; (g) HCl, water, 1,4-dioxane, rt; (h) tert-butyl 4-bromobenzoate, palladium acetate, (rac)-BINAP, sodium tert-butoxide, toluene, reflux; (i) trifluoroacetic acid, rt. Then, HCl, ethyl acetate or 1,4-dioxane, rt (2 23%, 3 21%, 4 44%, 5 34%, 620%, 7 55%, 8 29%, 9 21%, 10 19%, 11 40%, 13 26%, 14 69%, 15 69% in 2 steps); (j) 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid, copper acetate, Et3N, CH2Cl2, molecular sieve 4A, rt (S117%); (k) (COCl)2, DMSO, Et3N, CH2Cl2, −60 °C to rt (S12 was used in the next step without purification); (l) (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, NaBH(OAc)3, acetic acid, CH2Cl2, rt. Then, separation of isomers; (m) HCl, ethyl acetate, rt (12 10% in 2 steps); (n) ethyl 4-bromophenylacetate, Pd2(dba)3, (2-biphenyl)di-tert-butylphosphine, sodium tert-butoxide, toluene, rt (S13 63%); (o) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, ethanol, rt (evocalcet (16) 73%).
evocalcet as a white crystal. MS-APCI (m/z): 375 [M+H]+ .
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.25-–8.37 (m, 1H), 7.88–7.97 (m, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.39–7.57 (m, 3H), 7.01 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 3.18–3.34 (m, 3H), 3.03–3.15 (m, 1H), 2.89–3.02 (m, 1H), 1.95–2.11 (m, 1H), 1.80–1.94 (m, 1H), 1.40 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H).
Anal. Calcd for C24H26N2O2: C 76.98; H 7.00; N 7.48. Found: C 76.83; H 7.06; N 7.46.
HPLC 99.6% (25.4 min, Inertsil ODS-3V [5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm], 0.05% TFA in H2O/0.05% TFA in CH3CN [95:5 to 0:100/60 min]).
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Orkedia |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C24H26N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 374.48 g·mol−1 |
///////////////Evocalcet, エボカルセト , Эвокальцет , إيفوكالسيت , 依伏卡塞 , JAPAN 2018, KHK-7580, MT-4580, UNII:E58MLH082P, ORKEDIA
SMILES Code: O=C(O)CC1=CC=C(N2C[C@@H](N[C@@H](C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3)C)CC2)C=C1
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