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Baloxavir marboxil
バロキサビルマルボキシル
балоксавир марбоксил [Russian] [INN]
Carbonic acid, [[(12aR)-12-[(11S)-7,8-difluoro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-yl]-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-6,8-dioxo-1H-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-c]pyrido[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl]oxy]methyl methyl ester
({(12aR)-12-[(11S)-7,8-Difluoro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-yl]-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-c]pyrido[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl}oxy)methyl methyl carbonate
Antiviral
In Japan the product is indicated for treatment influenza types A and B in adults and children
RG-6152
|
Xofluza (TN)
Antiviral
|
|
| Formula |
C27H23F2N3O7S
|
|---|---|
| Cas |
1985606-14-1
|
| Mol weight |
571.5492
|
| 2018/2/23 | PMDA | JAPAN | APPROVED | Baloxavir marboxil | Xofluza | Shionogi |
| バロキサビル マルボキシル Baloxavir Marboxil  C27H23F2N3O7S : 571.55 [1985606-14-1] |
https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/sid/1985606141
Baloxavir marboxil (trade name Xofluza, compound code S-033188/S-033447) is a medication being developed by Shionogi Co., a Japanese pharmaceutical company, for treatment of influenza A and influenza B. The drug was in late-stage trials in Japan and the United States as of early 2018, with collaboration from Roche AG.[1].
It was approved for sale in Japan on February 23, 2018.[2]
Baloxavir marboxil is a medication developed by Shionogi Co., a Japanese pharmaceutical company, for treatment of influenza A and influenza B. The drug was approved for use in Japan in February 2018 and is in late phase trials in the United States as of early 2018. Roche, which makes Tamiflu, has acquired the license to sell Xofluza internationally, but it may not be until 2019 that it could be available in the United States [7]. Interestingly, a study has determined that administering Baloxavir marboxil with neuraminidase inhibitors leads to a synergistic effect in influenza treatment
It is an influenza therapeutic agent (cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor), characterized by only taking one dose. Unlike neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) that inhibit the action of neuraminidase, which liberates viruses from the infected cells surface, baloxavir marboxil may prevent replication by inhibiting the cap-dependent endonuclease activity of the viral polymerase.[3]
In October 2015, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare granted Sakigake status to Shionogi’s baloxavir marboxil for A type or B -type influenza virus infection . In October 2015, the drug was designated for Priority Review by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, presumably for the treatment of A type or B -type influenza virus infection .
This drug is a CAP endonuclease inhibitor [1]. The influenza endonuclease is an essential subdomain of the viral RNA polymerase enzyme. CAP endonuclease processes host pre-mRNAs to serve as primers for viral mRNA and therefore has been a common target for studies of anti-influenza drugs.
Viral gene transcription is primed by short-capped oligonucleotides that are cleaved from host cell pre mRNA by endonuclease activity. Translation of viral mRNAs by the host ribosome requires that they are capped at the 5′ end, and this is achieved in cells infected with influenza virus by a “cap-snatching” mechanism, whereby the endonuclease cleaves 5′ caps from host mRNA which then act as primers for transcription.The N-terminal domain of PA subunit (PAN) has been confirmed to accommodate the endonuclease activity residues, which is highly preserved among subtypes of influenza A virus and is able to fold functionally [4]. Translation of viral mRNAs by the host ribosome requires that they are capped at the 5′ end, and this is achieved in cells infected with influenza virus by a “cap-snatching” mechanism, whereby the endonuclease cleaves 5′ caps from host mRNA which then act as primers for transcription. The endonuclease domain binds the N-terminal half of PA (PAN) and contains a two-metal (Mn2+) active site that selectively cleaves the pre-mRNA substrate at the 3′ end of a guanine [3].
The administration of a CAP endonuclease inhibitor, such as Baloxavir marboxil, prevents the above process from occurring, exhibiting its action at the beginning of the pathway before CAP endonuclease may exert its action
It achieves this by inhibiting the process known as cap snatching[4], which is a mechanism exploited by viruses to hijack the host mRNA transcription system to allow synthesis of viral RNAs.
Shionogi, in collaboration with licensee Roche (worldwide except Japan and Taiwan), have developed and launched baloxavir marboxil
In March 2018, Shionogi launched baloxavir marboxil for the treatment of influenza types A and B in Japan . In September 2017, Shionogi was planning to file an NDA in the US; in February 2018, the submission remained in preparation
By September 2016, baloxavir marboxil had been awarded Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) designation in the US
In March 2017, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, phase III study (NCT02954354; 1601T0831; CAPSTONE-1) was initiated in the US, Canada and Japan to compare a single dose of baloxavir marboxil versus placebo or oseltamivir bid for 5 days in influenza patients aged from 12 to 64 years of age (n = 1494). The primary endpoint was the time to alleviation of symptoms (TTAS).
PATENTS
JP 5971830
Kawai, Makoto; Tomita, Kenji; Akiyama, Toshiyuki; Okano, Azusa; Miyagawa, Masayoshi
PATENTS
WO 2017104691
Shishido, Takao; Noshi, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Atsuko; Kitano, Mitsutaka
In Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-090909 (Patent No. 5971830, issued on Aug. 17, 2016, Registered Publication), a compound having a CEN inhibitory action and represented by the formula:
[Chemical Formula 2]
is described. Anti-influenza agents of six mechanisms are enumerated as drugs that can be used together with the above compounds. However, no specific combinations are described, nor is it disclosed nor suggested about the combined effect.
Synthesis Example 2
[formula 39]
Compound III-1 (1.00g, 2.07mmol) to a suspension of DMA (5 ml) of chloromethyl methyl carbonate (0.483 g, 3.10 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0 .572 g, 4.14 mmol) and potassium iodide (0.343 g, 2.07 mmol) were added, the temperature was raised to 50 ° C. and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours. Further, DMA (1 ml) was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, DMA (6 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes and then filtered. 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid water (10 ml) and water (4 ml) were added dropwise to the obtained filtrate under ice cooling, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain compound II-4 (1.10 g, 1.93 mmol, yield 93%).
1 H-NMR (DMSO-D 6) δ: 2.91-2.98 (1 H, m), 3.24-3.31 (1 H, m), 3.44 (1 H, t, J = 10.4 Hz) J = 10.8, 2.9 Hz), 4.06 (1 H, d, J = 14.3 Hz), 4.40 (1 H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.8 Hz), 3.73 (3 H, s), 4.00 , 5.67 (1 H, d, J = 6.5 Hz), 5.72 (1 H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 4.45 (1H, dd, J = 9.9, 2.9 Hz), 5.42 J = 8.0, 1.1 Hz), 7.14 – 7.18 (1 H, m ), 7.23 (1 H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.37 – 7.44 (2 H, m)
PATENTS
JP 6212678
PATENTS
JP 6249434
SYNTHESIS OF KEY INTERMEDIATE
SYNTHESIS OF KEY INTERMEDIATE
SYNTHESIS OF FINAL PRODUCT
Isao Teshirogi, president and chief executive officer of Shionogi & Co., speaks during an interview in Tokyo, Japan. Photographer: Kiyoshi Ota/Bloomberg
One day, you may be able to stop flu viruses in your body in just one day with just one pill. Based on an announcement yesterday, that day may be someday very soon in May in Japan.
On Friday, Japanese pharmaceutical company Shionogi announced that the flu medication that they have developed, Xofluza, otherwise known as baloxavir marboxil (which sounds a bit like a Klingon General), has been approved to be manufactured and sold in Japan. Beginning in October 2015, the medication underwent priority review by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. Shionogi filed for approval in the autumn of 2017. Compared to Tamiflu, which requires two doses each day for five days, apparently only a single dose of Xofluza will be needed to treat the flu. Even though Xofluza has received approval, people will have to wait until the Japanese national insurance sets a price for the medication, which according to Preetika Rana writing for the Wall Street Journal, may not occur until May.
Xofluza works via a different mechanism from neuroaminidase inhibitors like Tamiflu (oseltamivir) and Relenza (zanamivir). Flu viruses are like squatters in your home that then use the furniture and equipment in your home to reproduce. Yes, I know, that makes for a lovely picture. A flu infection begins when flu viruses reach your lungs. Each flu virus will enter a cell in your lungs and then use your cell’s genetic material and protein production machinery to make many, many copies of itself. In order to do this, the flu virus uses “cap-snatching”, which has nothing to do with bottle caps or Snapchat. The virus employs an endonuclease enzyme to clip off and steal the caps or ends of your messenger RNA and then re-purposes these caps to reproduce its own genetic material. After the virus has made multiple copies of itself, the resulting viruses implement another enzyme called a neuroaminidase to separate themselves from parts of the host cell and subsequently spread throughout the rest of your body to cause havoc. While Tamiflu, Relenza, and other neuroaminidase inhibitors try to prevent the neuroaminidase enzyme from working, Xofluza acts at an earlier step, stopping the “cap-snatching” by blocking the endonuclease enzyme.
In a clinical trial, Xofluza stopped an infected person from shedding flu virus sooner than Tamiflu. (Photo Illustration by Ute Grabowsky/Photothek via Getty Images)
By acting at an earlier step before the virus has managed to replicate, Xofluza could stop a flu virus infection sooner than neuroaminidase inhibitors. The results from Shionogi’s Phase III CAPSTONE-1 clinical trial compared Xofluza (then called Cap-dependent Endonuclease Inhibitor S-033188, which doesn’t quite roll off the tongue) with oseltamivir and placebo, with results being published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases. The study found that baloxavir marboxil (or Xofluza) stopped an infected person from shedding flu virus earlier (median 24 hours) than oseltamivir (median 72 hours). Those taking baloxavir marboxil also had lower measured amounts of viruses than those taking oseltamivir throughout the first 3 days of the infection. Baloxavir marboxil also seemed to shorten the duration of flu symptoms (median 53.7 hours compared to a median of 80.2 hours for those taking placebo). Since symptoms are largely your body’s reaction to the flu virus, you can begin shedding virus before you develop symptoms, and symptoms can persist even when you are no longer shedding the virus.
The key with any of these flu medications is early treatment, especially within the first 24 to 48 hours of infection, which may be before you notice any symptoms. Once the virus has replicated and is all over your body, your options are limited. The vaccine still remains the best way to prevent an infection.
In the words of Alphaville, this new drug could be big in Japan. While Xofluza won’t be available in time to help with the current flu season, this year’s particularly harsh flu season has highlighted the need for better ways to treat the flu. But will the United States see Xofluza anytime soon? Similar to Pokemon, Xofluza may need a year or two to reach the U.S. market. But one day, one pill and one day may be a reality in the U.S.
http://www.shionogi.co.jp/en/company/news/2018/pmrltj0000003nx1-att/e180223.pdf
XOFLUZA TM (Baloxavir Marboxil) Tablets 10mg/20mg Approved for the Treatment of Influenza Types A and B in Japan Osaka, Japan, February 23, 2018 – Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Head Office: Osaka; President & CEO: Isao Teshirogi, Ph.D.; hereafter “Shionogi”) announced that XOFLUZATM (generic name: baloxavir marboxil) tablets 10mg/20mg was approved today by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for the treatment of Influenza Types A and B. As the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor XOFLUZATM suppresses the replication of influenza viruses by a mechanism different from existing anti-flu drugs, XOFLUZATM was designated for Sakigake procedure with priority review by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan in October 2015. Shionogi filed for approval to manufacture and sell XOFLUZATM in October 25, 2017. As the treatment with XOFLUZATM requires only a single oral dose regardless of age, it is very convenient, and is expected to improve adherence. XOFLUZATM is expected to be a new treatment option that can improve the quality of life in influenza patients. Shionogi will launch the product immediately after the National Health Insurance (NHI) price listing. Shionogi’s research and development targets infectious disease as one of its priority areas, and Shionogi have positioned “protecting people from the threat of infectious diseases” as one of its social mission targets. Shionogi strives constantly to bring forth innovative drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases, to protect the health of patients we serve.
 |
|
| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C27H23F2N3O7S |
| Molar mass | 571.55 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
Shionogi & Company, Limited(塩野義製薬株式会社 Shionogi Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha) is a Japanesepharmaceutical company best known for developing Crestor. Medical supply and brand name also uses Shionogi (“シオノギ”).
Shionogi has business roots that date back to 1878, and was incorporated in 1919. Among the medicines produced are for hyperlipidaemia, antibiotics, and cancer medicines.
In Japan it is particularly known as a producer of antimicrobial and antibiotics. Because of antibiotic resistance and slow growth of the antibiotic market, it has teamed up with US based Schering-Plough to become a sole marketing agent for its products in Japan.
Shionogi had supported the initial formation of Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals, a generic manufacturer based in India. In 2012 the company became a partial owner of ViiV Healthcare, a pharmaceutical company specialising in the development of therapies for HIV.[3]
The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Osaka Securities Exchange and is constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.[4]
/////////Baloxavir marboxil, バロキサビルマルボキシル, JAPAN 2018, Xofluza, S-033188, S-033447, RG-6152, Qualified Infectious Disease Product, Priority Review, SAKIGAKE, балоксавир марбоксил , بالوكسافير ماربوكسيل , 玛巴洛沙韦 , Shionogi, roche
COC(=O)OCOC1=C2C(=O)N3CCOCC3N(N2C=CC1=O)C4C5=C(CSC6=CC=CC=C46)C(=C(C=C5)F)F
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via Eating Nuts may dramatically improve Colon Cancer outcomes — ClinicalNews
Pralatrexate (JAN/USAN/INN);
10-Propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin;
Folotyn (TN)
Antineoplastic
| Product
CAS:
|
FOLOTYN (Allos Therapeutics)
146464-95-1
|
|---|---|
| Formula |
C23H23N7O5
|
| Exact mass |
477.1761
|
Japan approved 2017
| 2017/7/3 | PMDA | JAPAN | Pralatrexate | Difolta | Mundipharma | NME |
EMA 2012
The molecule contains two asymmetric carbon centres (C10) and (C19). The C10 position exists in the RS-configuration (approx. 50:50 ratio) on the link between the two aryl groups. The C19 position is contained in the glutamic acid moiety and predominantly exists in the S-configuration. Pralatrexate is an off-white to yellow crystalline material, soluble in aqueous solutions at pH 6.5 or higher and practically insoluble in chloroform, and ethanol. It predominantly exists as a single polymorph (form A).
Pralatrexate, chemically known as “(2S)-2-[[4-[(1RS)-1-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]but-3-ynyl]benzoyl- ]-amino]pentanedioic acid”, also known as “10-Propargyl-10-deazaminopterin” or “PDX”, is a compound which has been tested and found useful in the treatment of cancer. In its racemic form, 2S)-2-[[4-[(1RS)-1-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]but-3-ynyl]benzoyl]a- mino]-pentanedioic acid has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for relapsed and refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
Pralatrexate, was first disclosed in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 36: 2228-2231 (1993) by DeGraw et al., and subsequently in U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,726 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,741.
Pralatrexate is an antimetabolite for the treatment of relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. It is more efficiently retained in cancer cells than methotrexate. FDA approved on September 24, 2009.
Pralatrexate (brand name Folotyn) is an anti-cancer therapy.[1] It is the first drug approved as a treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, or PTCL[2] — a biologically diverse group of aggressive blood cancers that have a poor prognosis.[2]
Folotyn was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2009 under the FDA’s accelerated approval,[2] which allows for earlier approval of drugs that meet unmet medical needs.[3] Pralatrexate injection is marketed in the U.S. under the name Folotyn by Spectrum Pharmaceuticals.[2] Clinical trials are currently underway to explore the potential of Folotyn in other blood related cancers and solid tumors.[4]
Pralatrexate is an antifolate (a folate analogue metabolic inhibitor) designed to accumulate preferentially in cancer cells.[1] Based on preclinical studies, researchers believe that pralatrexate selectively enters cells expressing reduced folate carrier type 1 (RFC-1), a protein that is overexpressed on certain cancer cells compared to normal cells.[1]
Antifolates, such as pralatrexate, are part of a group of compounds known as antimetabolites with structural similarity to naturally occurring molecules involved in DNA synthesis.[5] Cancer cells mistake antimetabolites for normal metabolites[5] allowing the compound to stop or slow critical enzymes involved in DNA synthesis which then triggers cell death.[1] Because of their primary effect on DNA synthesis, the antimetabolites are most effective against actively dividing cells and are largely cell-cycle phase specific.[5]
The selectivity of pralatrexate for cancer cells is based upon the observation that cancer cells generally have an overexpression of reduced folate carrier protein-1 (RTC-1) compared to normal somatic cells. This carrier protein allows the entrance of pralatrexate into the cell. Upon entering the cell, folypolyglutamate synthase FPGS catalyzes the polyglutamination of pralatrexate so that it is retained inside the cell.
Once inside, pralatrexate competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase. Subsequent depletion of thymidine monophosphate (TMP) occurs so that the cancer cell is unable to synthesize DNA and RNA. As a result, the cancer cell cannot proliferate and is forced to undergo apoptosis. Pralatrexate is more effective against cells that are actively dividing.
Pralatrexate (Folotyn) is an antifolate, and structurally a folate analog. It acts as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. It is selective for the reduced folate carrier type 1. Its IC50 is < 300 nM in some cell lines.
| Species | Mouse | Rat | Rabbit | Guinea pig | Hamster | Dog |
| Weight (kg) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 10 |
| Body Surface Area (m2) | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
| Km factor | 3 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by | Animal B Km |
| Animal A Km |
For example, to modify the dose of resveratrol used for a mouse (22.4 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 22.4 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for resveratrol of 11.2 mg/kg.
Research on this class of drugs began in the 1950s at SRI International, where scientists were focused on developing new chemotherapies and antifolates that would be effective against tumor cells.[1]
In the late 1970s, researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center discovered that cancerous cells take in natural folate through a protein identified as plasma membrane transporter (now referred to as “reduced folate carrier type 1” or “RFC-1”). Further research showed that when normal cells evolve into cancerous cells they often overproduce RFC-1 to ensure they get enough folate.[6]
A subsequent scientific collaboration was ultimately formed among SRI International, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Southern Research Institute with the intention of developing an antifolate with greater therapeutic selectivity – an agent that could be more effectively internalized into tumors (transported into the cells through RFC-1) and would be more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells.[6]
This collaboration, supported by the National Cancer Institute,[7] led to the identification of pralatrexate in the mid-1990s. Pralatrexate was later licensed to Allos Therapeutics in 2002 for further development.[8] Allos Therapeutics, Inc. was acquired by Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on September 5, 2012. Allos is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Spectrum.[9]
Pralatrexate, is a 10-deazaaminopterin derivative which has been developed for the potential treatment of malignancies. Pralatrexate is an antifolate, structurally a folate analog inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHF ) exhibiting high affinity for reduced folate carrier- 1 (RFC- 1) and iolylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities, resulting in extensive internalization and accumulation in tumour cells. Pralatrexate selectively enters cells expressing RFC- 1. Intracellularly, this agent is highly polyglutamylated and competes for the folate binding site of DHFR, blocking tetrahydrofolate synthesis, which may result in depletion of nucleotide precursors; inhibition of DNA. RNA and protein synthesis; and apoptotic tumor cell death. Efficient intracellular polyglutamylation of pralatrexate results in higher intracellular concentrations compared to non-polyglutamylated pralatrexate, which is more readily effuxed by the MRP (multidrug resistance protein) drug efflux pump. RFC- 1, an oncofetal protein expressed at highest levels during embryonic development, may be over expressed on the cell surfaces of various cancer cell types. Pralatrexate is the first and only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, demonstrating the ability to reduce tumor size, but not to prolong life.
Pralatrexate is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor that competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. It is also a competitive inhibitor for polyglutamylation by the enzyme folylpolyglutamyl synthetase. This inhibition results in the depletion of thymidine and other biological molecules the synthesis of which depends on single carbon transfer.
US 200510267117 discloses that T cell lymphoma is treated by administering to a patient suffering from T cell lymphoma a therapeutically effective amount of IO-propargyl-10- deazaaminopterin. Remission is observed in human patients, even with drug resistant T cell lymphoma at weekly dosages levels as low as 30 mg/m2. In general, the 10-propargyl-lO- deazaaminopterin is administered in an amount of from 30 to 275 mg/m2 per dose.
US 2011/0190305 discloses diastereomers of 10-propargyl-l 0-deazaminopterin, compositions comprising optically pure diastereomers of 10-propargyl-l 0-deazaminopterin, in particular the two (R,S) diastereomers about the C 10 position, method of preparation of the diastereomers and method of treatment of conditions related to inflammatory disorders and cancer.
US005354751 discloses heteroaroyl-10-deazaaminopterins and 10-alkenyl or 10-alkynyl-lO- deazaaminopterins having pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, anti-leukemic and anti- tumorigenic activity, as well as a method for treatment of inflammatory diseases, leukemia and tumors. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these heteroaroyl-lO-deazaaminopterin compounds are also disclosed. The invention further concerns a process for preparation of these compounds. A method for preparation of I0-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin compound is also disclosed in this document.
Journal publication Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry (19) 2011, page 1151, synthetic approaches to the 2009 new drugs, also discloses a method for synthesis of Pralatrexate. The method comprises alkylating dimethyl homotrephthalate with propargyl bromide in the presence of KH in THF and then with 2,4-diamino-6-(bromomethyl)pteridine hydrobromide in the presence of KH in D F to afford crude product. Subsequent hydrolysis of the diester with aqueous NaOH, followed by acidification with acetic acid to give crude carboxylic acid, followed by thermally induced decarboxylation in D SO to give 10-deazapteroic acid derivative. Activation of carboxylic acid as a mixed anhydride using t-butyl chioroformate prior to coupling with diethyl L-glutamate hydrochloride in the presence of Et3 in DMF to give lO-propargyl-IO-deaza-aminopterin diethyl ester. Finally, saponification of diethyl ester with aqueous NaOH in 2-methoxyethanol, followed by acidifying with AcOH giving Pralatrexate.
Methods of preparing Pralatrexate known in the prior art are not only complicated but preparation of Pralatrexate using the methods disclosed in the prior art also result in very high manufacturing cost. Therefore, there is a need for an improved, simple and cost effective method for preparation of Pralatrexate which can be used for industrial scale preparation of this compound.
PATENT
scheme- 1 .
Scheme-1
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
scheme 4.
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2013164856A1/en
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014016740A2/en
Pralatrexate, chemically known as “(25)-2-[[4-[(lR5)-l-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6- yl)methyl]but-3-ynyl]benzoyl]- amino] pentanedioic acid”, also known as “10-Propargyl- 10-deazaminopterin” or “PDX”, is a compound which has been tested and found useful in the treatment of cancer. In its racemic form, 2S)-2-[[4-[(lRS)-l-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6- yl)methyl]but-3-ynyl]benzoyl]amino]- pentanedioic acid has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for relapsed and refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
Pralatrexate, represented by Formula (I), was first disclosed in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 36: 2228-2231 (1993) by DeGraw et al., and subsequently in US 5374726 and US 5354741.
DeGraw et al, publication, US 5374726 and US 5354741 disclose method for the synthesis of Pralatrexate of Formula (I), comprising alkylation of homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester with propargyl bromide using Potassium Hydride, which is further coupled with 2,4-diamino-6-bromomethylpteridine in presence of Potassium Hydride followed by hydrolysis in presence of NaOH in 2-methoxyethanol-water mixture and decarboxylation at high temperature in DMSO and subsequent coupling with L-glutamic acid diethyl ester using t-butyl chloroformate and a base, and finally hydrolysis of the product with NaOH in 2-methoxyethanol-water mixture to give Pralatrexate of Formula (I). The process is outlined below as synthetic Scheme- 1.
Scheme- 1
The methods disclosed in DeGraw et al., publication, US 5374726 and US 5354741 suffer from the following disadvantages, which are outlined below:
(i) Use of pyrophoric Potassium hydride in the initial alkylation step and the subsequent coupling step.
(ii) Amide formation in the penultimate step by use of a hazardous chloroformate reagent.
(iii) The final product has a purity of -95% and is contaminated with the 10- deazaminopterin impurity to the level of 4%, which affects the final quality of Active Pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and does not meet the Pharmacopeial specifications. Use of 2-methoxyethanol in the last step which is classified under guideline of International Conference on Harmonisation of Pharmaceutical for Human USE (ICH) as a Class-2 solvent, with a maximum daily exposure limit of 50 ppm. Extensive use of column chromatography during the method adding to the cost of manufacture.
(vi) Low yield of the final Pralatrexate (-5.5 %).
US 6028071 discloses a process for the preparation of Pralatrexate of Formula (I) comprising coupling of homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester with propargyl bromide using NaH in THF, further coupling of the product with 2,4-diamino-6- bromomethylpteridine using NaH in DMF, followed by hydrolysis with a base in 2- methoxyethanol-water mixture, and decarboxylation at elevated temperatures at 115- 120°C in DMSO, and finally coupling of the product with L-glutamic acid dimethyl ester using benzotriazole-l-yloxytris(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) and triethylamine in DMF, and finally hydrolysis with NaOH in methanol-water mixture to yield Pralatrexate. The process is outlined below as synthetic Scheme-2.
3, R = CH3
4 ■■ H
Scheme-2 The process disclosed in US 6028071 suffer from the following disadvantages outlined below
(i) Use of sodium hydride in the initial alkylation step and the subsequent coupling step.
(ii) Using benzotriazole-l-yloxytris(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluoro phosphate (BOP) in coupling reaction that liberates Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), which is carcinogenic
(iii) Extensive column chromatography during the process adding to the cost of manufacture
(iv) Quality of the API obtained by this process is only -98%.
(v) Low yield of Pralatrexate is obtained (2.06%).
(vi) In the propargylation step the ratio of oc-monopropargyl homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester to oc-monopropargyl homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester is not less than 75:25.
US 20110190305 relates to optically pure diastereomers of 10-propargyl-lO- deazaminopterin, in particular the two ( ,S) diastereomers about the CIO position. None of the prior art discloses a process for preparing substantially pure Pralatrexate. When the present inventors practiced the invention disclosed in US 6028071 to ascertain the purity of Pralatrexate, they found the content of individual diastereomers at the CIO position to be 50+3.66%.
Example- 11
10-Propar gyl- 10-deazaminopterin (Pralatrexate)
To aqueous NaOH (11.6 g NaOH in 472 mL DM water) and Methanol (944 mL), 10- Propargyl-10-deazaminopterin Dimethyl Ester (59.0 g) was added at 20-25°C and stirred the reaction mass for 8 hours. After completion of reaction which was monitored by HPLC, pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 6.6 with acetic acid. Excess methanol was evaporated under reduced pressure below 40° C and DM water (1298mL) was added to the residual solution. The pH of the residual solution was adjusted to 4.5 with dilute acetic acid. The reaction mass was stirred for 30 minutes at 20-25° C and filtered the solid precipitated. The solid was furthered purified with DM water (590 mL) by stirring at 20- 25°C for 30-35 minutes. The solid was filtered and dried under vacuum at 35-40° C to give 39 g (70 %) of the title compound.
Purity: 99.56 %
Water content = 4.8 % (w/w)
*H NMR (DMSO-d6; 400MHz): δ 1.91 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 2.33 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (bm, 2H), 2.78 (s, 1H), 3.14-3.20 (bm, 1H), 3.28 (dd, J=14.4 Hz & 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (quintet, J=7.2 Hz), 4.35 (bm, 1H), 6.30 (bs, 2H, NH2), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.61 & 7.63 (2xbs, 2H, NH2), 7.73 (d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 8.39 (bs, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 12.20 (bs, 2H, 2xC02H).
13C NMR (DMSO-d6; 100MHz): δ 24.84 (CH2), 25.94 (CH2), 30.46 (CH2), 39.08 (CH2), 43.05 (CH), 51.93 (CH), 72.90 (CH), 82.57 (C), 121.51 (C), 127.35 (2xCH), 127.35 (2xCH), 132.22 (C), 146.69 (C), 147.20 (C), 150.56 (CH), 154.17 (C), 162.41 (C), 162.77 (C), 166.42 & 166.46 (CONH), 173.54 (C02H), 173.94 (C02H).
MS (ES+) m/z: 478 [M+H]+.
IR (KBr, cm-1): 1540, 1557, 1639, 1704, 3300, 3420.
XRD (°2Theta; Cu): 8.47, 10.85, 12.28, 14.34, 15.00, 15.78, 18.90, 21.79, 24.20, 27.5, 28.92, 34.28.
Example- 12 discloses the preparation of Pralatrexate according to US 6028071.
Example-12
To 10-Propargyl-lO-deazaminopterin dimethyl ester (3.0 g) in methanol (181.8 mL), aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.52 g of sodium hydroxide in 13.1 mL demineralized water) was added at 20-25°C accompanied by stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2h at 20-25°C, kept for further 8 hours at the same temperature and diluted with demineralized water (181.8 mL). methanol was recovered under vacuum below 40°C and the residue was left at 20-25°C for 24 hrs. The reaction was monitored by HPLC and acidified with acetic acid (7.5 mL). The solid obtained was filtered, washed with demineralized water (15 mL) and suck-dried for 2-3 hrs. The product was dried under vacuum at 50-55°C for 12 hours.
Weight : 2.5
Yield (%) : 89.2
Purity by HPLC (%) : 99.61
PATENT
Pralatrexate, (2S)-2-[[4-[(1 RS)-1-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]but-3-ynyl]benzoyl]amino]pentandioic acid, also referred to as 10-propargyl-10-deaza-aminopterin, is an anti-cancer drug having the following formula:
Pralatrexate is approved for a treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. It is an antifolate and acts as an inhibitor of
dihydrofolate reductase.
[0004] Pralatrexate is disclosed in several documents such as DeGraw et al., (J. Med. Chem, 1993, 36, 2228), US 6,028,071, US 5,354,751, EP 0944389, EP 1891957 and WO 98/02163. US 6,028,071 discloses Pralatrexate and a preparation thereof, as described in the following reaction scheme:
EXAMPLES
Reference examples:
[0099] Pt-MADES (compound 5) and Pt-MADAC (compound 6) may be prepared according to procedures disclosed in US 6,028,071, example 1.
Example 1 : Decarboxylation of Pt-MADAC (compound 6)
[00100] Pt-MADAC (compound 6) (17 g, 43.3 mmol, containing 1.4% of impurity hydro-Pt-MADAC (compound 6a) according to HPLC analysis) was added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (170 mL, 10 Vol.) pre-heated at 120°C. Upon dissolution of the solid, N, N-diisopropylethyl amine (5.6 mL, 32.1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 120 °C for 0.5 h, then cooled down to room temperature and poured into water (1700 mL, 100 Vol.). The pH was adjusted to 4.5 by addition of aq. HCl (16% w/w). A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration. The collected solid was dried in a drying oven at 45 °C for 18 h to provide Pt-MADEC (compound 7) as a yellow solid (14.6 g, 97% yield, purity 87.1%), containing 7.5% of Pt-lactone (compound 7b) and 1.4% of hydro-Pt-MADEC (compound 7a) according to HPLC analysis.
Example 2: Decarboxylation of Pt-MADAC (Compound 6) without use of a base
[00101] Pt-MADAC (compound 6) (2 g, 5.10 mmol, containing 1.4% of impurity hydro-Pt-MADAC (compound 6a) according to HPLC analysis) was added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (20 mL, 10 Vol.) pre-heated at 120 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 120 °C for 1 h, then cooled down to room temperature and poured into water (200 mL, 100 Vol.). The pH was adjusted to 4.5 by addition of aq. HCl (16% w/w) and the precipitate that formed was isolated by filtration. Drying in a drying oven at 45 °C for 18 h furnished Pt-MADEC (compound 7) as a yellow solid (1.65 g, 93% yield, purity 85.8%), containing 6.9% of Pt-lactone (compound 7b) and 1.4% of hydro-Pt-MADEC (compound 7a) according to HPLC analysis.
Example 3: Purification of Pt-MADEC 7 by precipitation of the corresponding potassium salt
[00102] Pt-MADEC (compound 7) (4 g, corresponding to 9.9 mmol of product considering the residual solvent content, prepared according to example 1) was added to aqueous KOH (12.9 mmol of KOH in 40 mL of water, 10 Vol.). The solid dissolved rapidly, and after 0.5 h, the formation of a precipitate started. After 0.5 h at room temperature the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C. After 1 h at 0 °C, the precipitate that had formed was isolated by filtration. Drying in a drying oven at 45 °C for 18 h furnished K-Pt-MADEC (compound 11) as a pale yellow solid (2.5 g, 65% yield, purity 99.5%), containing 0.3% of K-Pt-lactone-open (compound 11b) and 0.1% of hydro-K-Pt-MADEC (compound 11a) according to HPLC analysis.
Example 4: Purification of Pt-MADEC 7 derived from Pt-MADAC containing Pt-NADAC (5%) and Pt-lactone as impurities
[00103] Pt-MADAC (compound 6) (10 g) containing 5% of impurity Pt-NADAC (compound 6c) (according to HPLC analysis) was subjected to the decarboxylation conditions described in Example 1. The isolated Pt-MADEC (compound 7) (8.7 g, 87% yield, purity 83.4%) contained 6.2% of Pt-lactone (compound 7b), 1.6% of Pt- NADEC (compound 7c) and 3.4% of unreacted Pt-NADAC (compound 6c) according to HPLC analysis.
[00104] The compound was subjected to the purification conditions described in Example 3, furnishing K-Pt-MADEC (compound 11) (5.3 g, 55% yield, purity 98.5%), containing 0.3% of K-Pt-lactone-open (compound lib), 0.88% of K-Pt-NADEC (compound 11c) and 0.18% of K-Pt-NADAC (compound 1 Id) according to HPLC analysis.
Example 5: Purification of Pt-MADEC 7 by precipitation of the corresponding sodium salt
[00105] Pt-MADEC (compound 7) (2 g, corresponding to 4.95 mmol of product considering the residual solvent content) was added to aqueous NaOH (6.44 mmol of NaOH in 20 mL of water, 10 Vol.). The solid dissolved rapidly, then after 5 minutes the formation of a precipitate started. After 0.5 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C. After 1 h at 0 °C the precipitate that had formed was isolated by filtration. The collected solid was then dried in a drying oven at 45 °C for 18 h to provide the Na-Pt-MADEC (compound 12) as a pale yellow solid (1.6 g, 75% yield, purity 96.6%), containing 1.8% of Na-Pt-lactone-open (compound 12b) and 0.3% of hydro-Na-Pt-MADEC (compound 12a) according to HPLC analysis.
Example 6: Purification of Pt-MADEC 7 by precipitation of the corresponding lithium salt
[00106] Pt-MADEC (compound 7) (2 g, corresponding to 4.27 mmol of product, considering the residual solvent content), was added to aqueous LiOH (5.55 mmol of LiOH, in 20 mL of water, 10 Vol.). The solid dissolved rapidly, and after 15 minutes the formation of a precipitate started. After 0.5 h at room temperature the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C. After 1 h at 0 °C the precipitate that had formed was isolated by filtration. The collected solid was then dried in a drying oven at 45 °C for 18 h to provide Li-Pt-MADEC (compound 13) as a pale yellow solid (1.1 g, 73% yield, purity 97.7%), containing 0.6% of Li-Pt-lactone-open (compound 13b) and 0.9% of hydro-Li-Pt-MADEC (compound 13a) according to HPLC analysis.
Example 7: Synthesis of Pt-lactone
[00107] To a suspension of Pt-MAD AC (compound 6) (12.2 g, 31.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (122 mL, 10 Vol.), copper (I) iodide (595 mg, 3.12 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethyl amine (10.9 mL, 62.2 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux and stirred at reflux for 48 h., and then cooled to room temperature. The resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with acetonitrile (24 mL, 2 Vol.). The collected solid was then dried in a drying oven at 45 °C for 18 h to provide Pt-lactone (compound 7b) as a brown solid (12.3 g, >100% yield, purity 94.1%).
Example 8: Purification of Pt-MADES by formation of the corresponding DMF solvate
[00108] Pt-MADES (compound 5) (40 g, purity 94.7%) was added to DMF (400 mL, 10 Vol.), pre-heated at 120 °C. After dissolution of the product, the reaction mixture was kept at 120°C for 0.5 h, and then cooled to room temperature. The
resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with acetone (2 x 200 mL, 2 x 5 Vol.). Drying in a drying oven at 45 °C for 18 h furnished Pt-MADES (compound 5) as a pale yellow solid (36.4 g, 91% yield, purity 97.5%).
Example 9: purification of Pt-MADES
[00109] Pt-MADES (compound 5) (30 g, purity 94.7%) was suspended in a mixture of MeOH (300 mL, 10 Vol.) and formamide (150 mL, 5 Vol.). The suspension was heated at 60-65 °C for 2 h, then cooled to room temperature. Upon stirring at room temperature for 15 h, the resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with methanol (2 x 30 mL, 2 x 1 Vol.). Drying in a drying oven at 50 °C for 18 h furnished Pt-MADES (compound 5) as a pale yellow solid (22.5 g, 75% yield, purity 98.0%).
Example 10: purification of Pt-MADAC
[00110] Pt-MADAC (compound 6) (50 g, purity 94.0%) was suspended in a mixture of MeOH (150 mL, 3 Vol.) and formamide (50 mL, 1 Vol.). The suspension was heated at 60-65 °C for 2 h, and then cooled to room temperature. Upon stirring at room temperature for 15 h, a precipitate formed and was filtered and washed with methanol (2 x 50 mL, 2 x 1 Vol.). The collected precipitate was then dried in a drying oven at 50°C for 18 h. The thus-produced Pt-MADES was then suspended in MeOH (500 mL, 10 Vol.). This suspension was heated at reflux for 1 h, and then cooled to 0°C. The resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with methanol (2 x 50 mL, 2 x 1 Vol.). Drying in a drying oven at 50 °C for 18 h furnished Pt-MADAC (compound 6) as a pale yellow solid (41 g, 82% yield, purity 96.3%).
Example 11: Preparation of Pralatrexate, sodium salt (PLT-Na) (Compound 10a) by hydrolysis of Pralatrexate ethyl ester (PLT-ES) (Compound 9B)
[00111] A reactor was charged with EtOH (195 mL) and aqueous NaOH (3.75 M, 19.5 mL, 73 mmol). The mixture was then cooled down to 10 °C. 10-Propargyl-10-
deazaaminopterin ethyl ester (PLT-ES, Compound 9B, 13 g, 24.4 mmol) was added, and the temperature was increased to 25 °C over 0.5 h. The resulting suspension was then stirred at 25 °C for 17 h. The solid in the suspension was then isolated by filtration and washed with EtOH (65 mL). The collected solid was then dried in a drying oven at 45 °C for 18 h to provide (2S)-2-[[4-[(1 RS)-1-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]but-3-ynyl]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid disodium salt (Na-PLT; compound 10a) as a pale yellow solid (10.9 g, 86% yield, purity 99.6%).
Example 12: Preparation of Pralatrexate (Compound 10)
[00112] (2S)-2-[[4-[(1 RS)-1-[(2,4-Diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]but-3-ynyl]benzo-yl]amino]pentanedioic acid disodium salt (Na-PLT, Compound 10a, 10.9 g, 20.9 mmol) was dissolved in water (109 mL). The pH of the solution was adjusted to 4.5 by addition of aqueous HCl 1N. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration and washed with water (54 mL). The collected solid was then dried in a drying oven at 45 °C for 17 h to provide Pralatrexate (Compound 10) as a white solid (9.4 g, 81% yield, and purity 99.7%).
Example 13: Preparation of Pralatrexate ethyl ester (PLT-ES) (compound 9B)
[00113] A reactor was charged with potassium 10-propargyl-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroate (K-Pt-MADEC, compound 11, 11.1 g, 28.7 mmol). DCM (82 ml) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (16.7 ml) were added to obtain a suspension. 1-Hydroxy-benzotriazole hydrate (HOBt, 0.77 g, 5.74 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 6.60 g, 34.4 mmol) and (L)-glutamic acid
diethyl ester hydrochloride (7.98 g, 34.4 mmol) were sequentially added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature until HPLC analysis showed reaction completion. DCM was removed under reduced pressure and MeOH (22.2 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was poured into water pre-acidified with aqueous HCl 16% (w/w, 16.9 mL). The pH was adjusted to 4.5 by addition of aqueous NaOH, resulting in the precipitation of the PLT-ES. The solid precipitate was isolated by filtration and dried in oven at 55 °C for 18 h to provide PLT-ES as a pale yellow solid (13 g, 85% yield, and purity 99.0%).
Example 14: Preparation of crystalline Pralatrexate ethyl ester (compound 9B)
[00114] PLT-ES (Compound 9B, lg) was dissolved in EtOH (15 ml). After a few minutes a precipitate started to form, and the precipitate was isolated by filtration after 45 minutes (0.5g, yellow solid, amorphous form). The mother liquor was left at room temperature overnight, resulting in the precipitation of a yellow solid which was isolated by filtration (0.3g, crystalline form, PXRD is shown on Figure 7).
Example 15: Hydrolysis of Pralatrexate ethyl ester (compound 9B)
[00115] A reactor was charged with MeOH (48 mL), aqueous NaOH (3.75 M, 18.0 mL, 67.5 mmol), and water (6 mL), and the mixture was cooled down to 10 °C. PLT-ES 9B (12 g, 22.5 mmol) was added and the temperature was increased to 25 °C over 1 h. The resulting suspension was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h, and then EtOH (168 mL) was added, resulting in the formation of a precipitate. After stirring for an additional 24 h the solid precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed with EtOH (120 mL).
The collected solid was then dried in a drying oven at 60 °C for 18 h to provide Na-PLT 10a (10.5 g, 90% yield, purity 99.8%) as a pale yellow solid.
PATENT
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2014068599
Pralatrexate is chemically, N-(4-{ 1-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]but-3-yn-1 -yl}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid and has the structural formula:
Pralatrexate is an anti-cancer therapy. It is the first drug approved as a treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, or PTCL – a biologically diverse group of aggressive blood cancers. Pralatrexate is currently marketed under the trade name FOLOTYN® by Alios.
Pralatrexate was disclosed in U.S. patent nos. 5,354,751 and 6,028,071.
According to the ‘071 patent, alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester substantially free of homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester was obtained by chromatographing alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester residue obtained as part of the reaction between homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester and propargyl bromide in the presence of
tetrahydrofuran and sodium hydride on silica gel using cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (8:1) for the elution.
Pralatrexate was also reported in J. Med. Chem, 1993, 36, 2228-2231. According to the paper, pralatrexate is prepared by crystallizing pralatrexate diethyl ester in a mixture of 2-methoxyethanol and water in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
International patent application publication no. WO 2012/061469 (‘469 patent) disclosed crystalline Form A, Form B and Form C of pralatrexate. According to the ‘469 patent, crystalline pralatrexate Form A can be prepared by crystallizing amorphous pralatrexate in formamide.
According to the ‘469 patent, crystalline pralatrexate Form B can be prepared by crystallizing amorphous pralatrexate in methanol or water.
According to the ‘469 patent, crystalline pralatrexate Form C can be prepared by crystallizing amorphous pralatrexate in a mixture of methanol and water.
Alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester is a key staring material for the preparation of pralatrexate.
Example 1 :
Preparation of Alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester
Sodium hydride (60 gm; 60%) was added to tetrahydrofuran (1500 ml) at room temperature and then cooled to 10 to 15°C. To the solution was added a solution of homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester (250 gm) in tetrahydrofuran (250 ml) slowly for 15 minutes. The reaction mass was then cooled to 0 to -5°C and then added propargyl bromide (130 gm) in tetrahydrofuran (125 ml) slowly for 15 minutes at 0 to -5°C. The reaction mass was maintained for 2 hours at 0 to -5°C and then added methanol (50 ml). The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to room temperature and then added water (1500 ml) and diisopropyl ether (2500 ml), and then the layers were separated. The organic layer were dried with sodium sulfate and then concentrated to obtain 275 gm of alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester.
Chromatographic purity of alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester: 62.0%; Content of homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester: 12.0%.
Example 2:
Purification of Alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester
Alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester (275 gm; HPLC Purity: 62.0%) as obtained in example 1 was dissolved in a mixture of hexane (1200 ml) and diisopropyl ether (65 ml) at room temperature. The solution was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature and filtered. The solid obtained was dried to obtain 175 gm of alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester.
Chromatographic purity of alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester: 74.6%; Content of homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester: 0.4%.
Example 3:
Preparation of 10-propargyl-10-deazaminopterin diethyl ester
Step-I: Preparation oƒ 10-proparsyl-10-carbomethoxy-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid methyl ester
Sodium hydride (120 gm; 60%) was added to dimethylformamide (750 ml) at room temperature and then cooled to 0 to -5°C. To the solution was added a solution of alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester (250 gm) in dimethylformamide (750 ml)
slowly for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was maintained for 30 minutes at 0 to -5 C and then cooled to -20 to -25°C. To the reaction mixture was added 6-bromomethyl-pteridine-2,4-diamine (300 gm) in dimethylformamide (1500 ml) slowly for 30 minutes. The reaction mass was maintained for 2 hours at -20 to -25°C and then added methanol (300 ml). The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to room temperature and then added water (15000 ml) and diisopropyl ether (1500 ml). The contents were stirred for 2 hours at room temperature and filtered. The solid obtained was dried to obtain 198 gm of 10-propargyl-10-carbomethoxy-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid methyl ester.
Step-II: Preparation oƒ 10-proparsyl-10-carboxy-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid
2-Methoxyethanol (775 gm) was added to 10-propargyI-10-carbomethoxy-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid methyl ester (155 gm) at room temperature and then cooled to 15 to 20°C. To the reaction mixture was added a solution of sodium hydroxide (120 gm) in water (930 ml) and maintained for 4 hours at room temperature. The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 4.5 to 4.6 with acetic acid (50%) and then added water (3100 ml). The reaction mass was stirred for 2 hours, filtered and then dried to obtain 125 gm of 10-propargyl-10-carboxy-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid.
Step-III: Preparation oƒ 10-proparsyl-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid
10-Propargyl-10-carboxy-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid (135 gm) was added to dimethyl sulfoxide (1350 ml) at 120 to 125°C and maintained for 45 minutes at 120 to 125°C. The reaction mass was poured into water (3000 ml), maintained for 24 hours at room temperature and filtered to obtain a wet solid. To the wet solid was basified and then acetified, and maintained for 2 hours at room temperature. The separated solid was filtered and then dried to obtain 56 gm of 10-propargyl-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid.
Step-IV: Preparation oƒ 10-propargyl-10-deazaminopterin diethyl ester
Dimethylformamide (1 12 ml) was added to 10-propargyl-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-deazapteroic acid (14 gm) and stirred for 15 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added triethylamine (14 ml) and then cooled to 0 to -5°C. A solution of (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (21 gm) in dimethylformamide (28 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and maintained for 1 hour at 0 to -5°C. To the
reaction mixture was added L-glutamic acid diethyl ester (10 gm) in dimethylformamide (28 ml) slowly, maintained for 2 hours at -10 to -15°C and filtered. The pH of the filtrate obtained was adjusted with sodium hydroxide solution and then added water (700 ml) slowly for 45 minutes. The reaction mass was maintained for 2 hours at room temperature, filtered and then dried to obtain 14 gm of 10-propargyl-10-deazaminopterin diethyl ester.
Example 4:
Preparation of pralatrexate
10-Propargyl-10-deazaminopterin diethyl ester (40 gm) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (320 ml) at room temperature. The solution was then cooled to 15 to 20°C and added a solution of sodium hydroxide (24 gm) in water (400 ml) slowly for 15 minutes. The reaction mass was maintained for 45 minutes at 15 to 20°C and then added a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (200 ml) and ethyl acetate (200 ml). The layers were separated and to the aqueous layer was added water (80 ml). The separated aqueous layer was then concentrated and pH was adjusted to 4.7 to 4.8 with acetic acid (10%). The contents were stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and filtered. The solid obtained was then dried to obtain 28 gm of pralatrexate.
Chromatographic purity of pralatrexate: 98.5%;
Content of 10-propargyl-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-dezapteroic acid: 0.3%;
Content of 10-deazaaminopterin: 0.5%;
Example 5:
Purification of pralatrexate
The pralatrexate (28 gm: HPLC Purity: 98.5%) as obtained in example 4 was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (400 ml) and then heated to 60°C. To the contents were added water (200 ml) at 60°C and then cooled to 5 to 10°C. The contents were stirred for 2 hours 30 minutes at 5 to 10°C, filtered and then dried to obtain a solid. The solid was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (138 ml) and then stirred to obtain a clear solution. The solution was filtered through celite bed and then added ethanol (690 ml) slowly for 1 hour. The contents were stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, filtered and then dried to obtain 20 gm of pure pralatrexate.
Chromatographic purity of pralatrexate: 99.5%;
Content of 10-propargyl-4-deoxy-4-amino-10-dezapteroic acid: 0.06%; Content of 10-deazaaminopterin: 0.08%.
PAPER
Nonpolyglutamatable Antifolate N-alpha-(4 amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-Ndelta-hemiphthaloyl-L-ornithine”, JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, US, vol. 45, no. 8, 1 January 2002 (2002-01-01), pages 1690 – 1696, XP002291409, ISSN: 0022-2623, DOI: 10.1021/JM010518T *
Details are disclosed for the synthesis of Nα-[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-Nδ-hemiphthaloyl-l-ornithine (2) and Nα-[4-[5-(2,4-diaminoteridin-6-yl)pent-1-yn-4-yl]benzoyl]-Nδ-hemiphthaloyl-l-ornithine (6) as analogues of Nα-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-Nδ-hemiphthaloyl-l-ornithine (1, PT523), a nonpolyglutamatable antifolate currently in advanced preclinical development. In a 72 h growth inhibition assay against cultures of CCRF-CEM human leukemic lymphoblasts, the IC50 of 2 and 6 was 0.69 ± 0.044 nM and 1.3 ± 0.35 nM, respectively, as compared with previously reported values 4.4 ± 0.10 nM for aminopterin (AMT) and 1.5 ± 0.39 nM for PT523. In a spectrophotometric assay of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibition using dihydrofolate and NADPH as the cosubstrates, the previously unreported compounds 2 and the mixed 10R and 10S diastereomers of 6 had Ki values of 0.21 ± 0.05 pM and 0.60 ± 0.02 pM, respectively, as compared with previously reported values of 3.70 ± 0.35 pM for AMT and 0.33 ± 0.04 pM for PT523. Thus, while they were comparable to 1 and several of its previously studied analogues in their ability to bind to DHFR and inhibit the growth of CCRF-CEM cells, 2 and the mixed diastereomers of 6 were several times more active than AMT despite the fact that they cannot form γ-polyglutamylated metabolites of the type formed in cells from AMT and other classical antifolates with a glutamate side chain.
PATENT
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN107488112A/zh
PATENT
US 20150183789
https://patents.google.com/patent/US9440979B2/en
PATENT
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| Trade names | Folotyn |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| IUPHAR/BPS | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.205.791 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C23H23N7O5 |
| Molar mass | 477.47 g/mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
////////////プララトレキサート , japan 2017, Pralatrexate
NC1=NC2=NC=C(CC(CC#C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)N=C2C(N)=N1
ヌシネルセンナトリウム
Nusinersen Sodium
C234H323N61Na17O128P17S17 : 7500.89
[1258984-36-9 , ヌシネルセン]
Nusinersen sodium
C234H323N61O128P17S17.17Na, 7500.8854
UNII 4CHB7QQU1Q
ISIS 396443
Nusinersen sodium was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Dec 23, 2016, and approved by the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) on May 30, 2017, and approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on July 3, 2017.
JAPAN APPROVAL
| 2017/7/3 | Nusinersen sodium | Spinraza | Biogen Japan |
An antisense oligonucleotide that induces survival motor neuron (SMN) protein expression, it was approved by the U.S. FDA in December, 2016 as Spinraza for the treatment of children and adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). It is adminstrated as direct intrathecal injection.
FREE FORM CAS: 1258984-36-9
CAS1258984-36-9
MFC234H340N61O128P17S17
ISIS-396443, ISIS-SMNRx, IONIS-SMNRx
RNA, (2′-0-(2-METHOXYETHYI))(P-THIO)(M5U-C-A-C-M5U-M5U-M5U-C-A-M5UA- A-M5 U-G-C-M5U-G-G)
All-P-ambo-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiouridylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiocytidylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-P-thioadenylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiocytidylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiouridylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiouridylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiouridylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiocytidylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-P-thioadenylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiouridylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-P-thioadenylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-P-thioadenylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiouridylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-P-thioguanylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiocytidylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-P-thiouridylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-P-thioguanylyl-(3’¨5′)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)guanosine
ISIS-SMNRx is a drug that is designed to modulate the splicing of the SMN2 gene to significantly increase the production of functional SMN protein. The US regulatory agency has granted Orphan Drug Designation with Fast Track Status to nusinersen for the treatment of patients with SMA. The European regulatory agency has granted Orphan Drug Designation to nusinersen for the treatment of patients with SMA.
Nusinersen,[1] marketed as Spinraza,[3] is a medication used in treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),[4] a rare neuromuscular disorder. In December 2016, it became the first approved drug used in treating this disorder. Nusinersen has orphan drugdesignation in the United States and the European Union.[5]
FDA
New therapy addresses unmet medical need for rare disease
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Spinraza (nusinersen), the first drug approved to treat children and adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare and often fatal genetic disease affecting muscle strength and movement. Spinraza is an injection administered into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord.
December 23, 2016
“There has been a long-standing need for a treatment for spinal muscular atrophy, the most common genetic cause of death in infants, and a disease that can affect people at any stage of life,” said Billy Dunn, M.D., director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “As shown by our suggestion to the sponsor to analyze the results of the study earlier than planned, the FDA is committed to assisting with the development and approval of safe and effective drugs for rare diseases and we worked hard to review this application quickly; we could not be more pleased to have the first approved treatment for this debilitating disease.”
SMA is a hereditary disease that causes weakness and muscle wasting because of the loss of lower motor neurons controlling movement. There is wide variability in age of onset, symptoms and rate of progression. Spinraza is approved for use across the range of spinal muscular atrophy patients.
The FDA worked closely with the sponsor during development to help design and implement the analysis upon which this approval was based. The efficacy of Spinraza was demonstrated in a clinical trial in 121 patients with infantile-onset SMA who were diagnosed before 6 months of age and who were less than 7 months old at the time of their first dose. Patients were randomized to receive an injection of Spinraza, into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord, or undergo a mock procedure without drug injection (a skin prick). Twice the number of patients received Spinraza compared to those who underwent the mock procedure. The trial assessed the percentage of patients with improvement in motor milestones, such as head control, sitting, ability to kick in supine position, rolling, crawling, standing and walking.
The FDA asked the sponsor to conduct an interim analysis as a way to evaluate the study results as early as possible; 82 of 121 patients were eligible for this analysis. Forty percent of patients treated with Spinraza achieved improvement in motor milestones as defined in the study, whereas none of the control patients did.
Additional open-label uncontrolled clinical studies were conducted in symptomatic patients who ranged in age from 30 days to 15 years at the time of the first dose, and in presymptomatic patients who ranged in age from 8 days to 42 days at the time of first dose. These studies lacked control groups and therefore were more difficult to interpret than the controlled study, but the findings appeared generally supportive of the clinical efficacy demonstrated in the controlled clinical trial in infantile-onset patients.
The most common side effects found in participants in the clinical trials on Spinraza were upper respiratory infection, lower respiratory infection and constipation. Warnings and precautions include low blood platelet count and toxicity to the kidneys (renal toxicity). Toxicity in the nervous system (neurotoxicity) was observed in animal studies.
The FDA granted this application fast track designation and priority review. The drug also received orphan drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.
The sponsor is receiving a rare pediatric disease priority review voucher under a program intended to encourage development of new drugs and biologics for the prevention and treatment of rare pediatric diseases. A voucher can be redeemed by a sponsor at a later date to receive priority review of a subsequent marketing application for a different product. This is the eighth rare pediatric disease priority review voucher issued by the FDA since the program began.
Spinraza is marketed by Biogen of Cambridge, Massachusetts and was developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals of Carlsbad, California.
The drug is used to treat spinal muscular atrophy associated with a mutation in the SMN1 gene. It is administered directly to the central nervous system (CNS) using intrathecal injection.[2]
In clinical trials, the drug halted the disease progression. In around 60% of infants affected by type 1 spinal muscular atrophy, the drug also significantly improved motor function.[2]
Like other antisense drugs, there is a risk of abnormalities in blood clotting and a reduction in platelets as well as a risk of kidney damage.[2]
In clinical trials, people treated with nusinersen had an increased risk of upper and lower respiratory infections and congestion, ear infections, constipation, pulmonary aspiration, teething, and scoliosis. One infant in a clinical trial had severe lowering of salt levels and several had rashes. There is a risk that growth of infants and children might be stunted. In older clinical trial subjects, the most common adverse events were headache, back pain, and adverse effects from the spinal injection.[2]
Some people may develop antibodies against the drug; as of December 2016 it was unclear what effect this might have on efficacy or safety.[2]
Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SMN1 gene which codes for survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Patients survive owing to low amounts of the SMN protein produced from the SMN2 gene. Nusinersen modulates alternate splicing of the SMN2 gene, functionally converting it into SMN1 gene, thus increasing the level of SMN protein in the CNS.[6]
The drug distributes to CNS and to peripheral tissues.[2]
The half-life is estimated to be 135 to 177 days in CSF and 63 to 87 days in blood plasma. The drug is metabolized via exonuclease (3’- and 5’)-mediated hydrolysis and does not interact with CYP450 enzymes.[2] The primary route of elimination is likely by urinary excretion for nusinersen and its metabolites.[2]
Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide in which the 2’-hydroxy groups of the ribofuranosyl rings are replaced with 2’-O-2-methoxyethyl groups and the phosphate linkages are replaced with phosphorothioate linkages.[2][6]
Nusinersen was discovered in a collaboration between Adrian Krainer at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and Ionis Pharmaceuticals (formerly called Isis Pharmaceuticals).[7][8][9][10] Partial work was done at the University of Massachusetts Medical School funded by Cure SMA.[11]
Starting in 2012, Ionis partnered with Biogen on development and in 2015 Biogen acquired an exclusive license to the drug for a US$75 million license fee, milestone payments up to US$150 million, and tiered royalties thereafter; Biogen also paid the costs of development subsequent to taking the license.[12] The license to Biogen included licenses to intellectual property that Ionis had acquired from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and University of Massachusetts.[13]
In November 2016, the new drug application was accepted under the FDA’s priority review process on the strength of the Phase III trial and the unmet need, and was also accepted for review at the European Medicines Agency (EMA) at that time.[14][15] It was approved by the FDA in December 2016 and by EMA in May 2017 as the first drug to treat spinal muscular atrophy.[16][17] Subsequently, nusinersen was approved to treat SMA in Canada (July 2017),[18] Japan (July 2017),[19] Brasil (August 2017)[20] and Switzerland (September 2017).[21]
Spinraza list price is US$125,000 per injection which puts the treatment cost at US$750,000 in the first year and US$375,000 annually after that. According to the New York Times, this places Spinraza “among the most expensive drugs in the world”.[15]
As of October 2017, Spinraza is reimbursed by health insurance providers in the United States and by the public healthcare systems in France (SMA type 1 and 2 patients only), Germany (all patients), Iceland (all patients), Italy (all patients) and Japan (SMA type 1 only).[3]
In October 2017, the authorities in Denmark recommended Spinraza for use only in a small subset of patients with SMA type 1 (young babies) and refused to offer it as a standard treatment in all other SMA patients quoting an “unreasonably high price” compared to the clinical effect.[22] Norwegian authorities rejected the funding in October 2017 because the price of the medicine was “unethically high”.[23] In February 2018 the funding was approved for patients under 18 years old.[23]
In January 2018 public funding of Spinraza was approved in Israel.
Nusinersen (formerly, IONIS-SMNRx, ISIS-SMNRx), intended to be marketed as Spinraza,[1] is an investigational drug for spinal muscular atrophy developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals and Biogen with financial support from SMA Foundation and Cure SMA. It is a proprietary antisense oligonucleotide that modulates alternate splicing of the SMN2 gene, functionally converting it into SMN1 gene.
The drug is administered directly to the central nervous system using intrathecal injection once every 3–4 months.
Nusinersen has orphan drug designation in the United States and the European Union.[2]
In August 2016, a phase III trial in type 1 SMA patients was ended early due to positive efficacy data, with Biogen deciding to file for regulatory approval for the drug.[3]Consequently, the company submitted a New Drug Application to the FDA in September 2016[4] and a marketing authorisation application to the European Medicines Agency, under the centralised procedure,[5] in the following month. The company also announced an expanded access programme of nusinersen in type 1 SMA in selected countries.
In November 2016, a phase III clinical trial in type 2 SMA patients was halted after an interim analysis indicated the drug’s efficacy also in this SMA type.[6]
. PMID 28400976. |
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Spinraza |
| Synonyms | IONIS-SMNRx, ISIS-SMNRx |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Multum Consumer Information |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration |
Injection into cerebrospinal fluid |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Exonuclease (3’- and 5’)-mediated hydrolysis |
| Biological half-life | 135–177 days (in CSF), 63–87 days (in plasma) |
| Identifiers | |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C234H323N61Na17O128P17S17[2] |
| Molar mass | 7501 Da[2] |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
////////////////Nusinersen sodium, Spinraza, ヌシネルセンナトリウム, FDA 2016, EU 2017, JAPAN 2017
CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)OP(=S)(O)OCC3C(C(C(O3)N4C=C(C(=NC4=O)N)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC5C(C(C(O5)N6C=NC7=C6N=CN=C7N)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC8C(C(C(O8)N9C=C(C(=NC9=O)N)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=NC1=O)N)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=NC1=O)N)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OCCOC)OP(=O)(OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)OCCOC)O)S)OCCOC
GDC-0575
CAS: 1196541-47-5
C16 H20 Br N5 O, 378.27
(R)-N-(4-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide
N-[4-[(3R)-3-Amino-1-piperidinyl]-5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]cyclopropanecarboxamide
Cyclopropanecarboxamide, N-[4-[(3R)-3-amino-1-piperidinyl]-5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]-
GDC-0575, also known as ARRY-575 and RG7741, is a potent and selective CHK1 inhibitor.
GDC-0575 is a highly selective small-molecule Chk-1 inhibitor invented by Array and licensed to Genentech. Genentech is responsible for all clinical development and commercialization activities. Array received an upfront payment of $28 million and is eligible to receive clinical and commercial milestone payments up to $380 million and up to double-digit royalties on sales.
Chk-1 is a protein kinase that regulates the tumor cell’s response to DNA damage often caused by treatment with chemotherapy. In response to DNA damage, Chk-1 blocks cell cycle progression in order to allow for repair of damaged DNA, thereby limiting the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibiting Chk-1 in combination with chemotherapy can enhance tumor cell death by preventing these cells from recovering from DNA damage. GDC‑0575 is designed to enhance the efficacy of some chemotherapeutic agents. GDC-0575 is currently advancing in a Phase 1 trial in patients with lymphoma or solid tumors.
PATENTS
U.S. Patent, 8,841,304
U.S. Patent 8,178,131,
PAPER
Org. Process Res. Dev. 2017, 21, 664– 668
We report an efficient and highly regiocontrolled route to prepare a functionalized 7-azaindole derivative—5-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro-7-azaindole—from readily available parent 7-azaindole featuring a highly regioselective bromination of the 4-chloro-3-nitro-7-azaindole intermediate. In addition to the high efficiency and excellent control of regioisomeric impurities, the process is operationally simple by isolating each product via direct crystallization from the reaction mixture with no liquid–liquid extractions or distillation steps needed. We demonstrated the route on >50 kg scale and 46% overall yield to provide the target product in 97% purity by HPLC, which can serve as a useful building block for the preparation of a series of 3,4,5-substituted-7-azaindole derivatives.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00060/suppl_file/op7b00060_si_001.pdf
-Bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1)(10)
PATENT
WO 2010118390
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2010118390A1/und
PATENT
WO 2015027090
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2015027090
PATENT
WO 2015027092
Example 1: Preparation of (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-amino)piperidin-l-yl)-3- (cyclopropanecarboxamido)-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-&]pyridine:
[0096] Step 1 : Preparation of (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(/ert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-l-yl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-6]pyridine:
[0097] To an inerted 10 L jacket reactor, equipped with a mechanic stirrer, a nitrogen/vacuum manifold, a thermocouple, and a condenser, were charged 2-methyl-2-butanol (3.30 L), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-6]pyridine (330 g, 1.00 equiv), (R)-tert-butyl piperidin-3-ylcarbamate (456 g, 2.00 equiv), and N-methylmorpholine (115 g, 1.00 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at 85 °C for 48 h and cooled to 20 °C. The mixture was then washed with 15 wt % citric acid aqueous solution (3.30 kg) and water (3.30 kg). The majority of 2-methyl-2-butanol was distilled off under vacuum at 50 °C. Acetonitrile was added to bring the mixture back to its original volume. Continuous distillation was conducted until a total of 10.3 kg of acetonitrile was added. Water (3.20 kg) was slowly charged to the suspension over approximately 1 h at 55 °C. The slurry was slowly cooled to 20 °C over 4 h. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and washed with a 1 : 1 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and water (1.60 L). The product was dried in a vacuum oven under nitrogen at 70 °C to provide 358 g (69% yield) of (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(ter/-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-l-yl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-6]pyridine as a yellow solid. !H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-i/6): δ 13.12 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 6.80 (d, J= 6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.34 (m, 2H), 3.22 (t, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (t, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 1.88 (dd, J = 12.3, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 1H), 1.34 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-<¾): δ 154.8, 148.9, 148.2, 147.9, 130.6, 128.5, 113.8, 109.6, 77.6, 54.7, 48.9, 47.3, 30.0, 28.1 (3C), 24.2. HRMS-ESI (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C17H23BrN504, 440.0928; found, 440.0912.
[0098] Steps 2 and 3: Preparation of (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin- 1 -yl)-3 -(cyclopropanecarboxamido)- 1 H-pyrrolo[2,3 -&]pyridine:
[0099] To an inerted 1 L pressure reactor were charged (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-
butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-l-yl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-6]pyridine (75.0 g, 1.00 equiv), 1% Pt + 2% V/C (11.3 g, 15 wt %), N-methylmorpholine (29.3 g, 1.70 equiv), and 2-MeTHF (750 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 °C at 5 bar of hydrogen for a minimum of 2 h. Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (26.7 g, 1.50 equiv) was charged into the reactor over 10 min at 15 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 h and filtered through Celite. The cake was washed with 2-MeTHF (150 mL). The filtrate was washed with 15 wt % aqueous ammonium chloride solution (450 mL) and water (450 mL) and then distilled in vacuo to 1/3 of it’s original volume. Toluene was added to bring the solution back to its original volume. Continuous vacuum distillation was conducted at 55 °C while adding toluene until the 2-MeTHF was below 2 wt %. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, washed with toluene and dried in a vacuum oven at 40 °C overnight to give 69.8 g (69% corrected yield) of (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-l-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-6]pyridine (1 :1 toluene solvate) as an off-white solid. 1H NMR (600 MHz, THF-i 8, 4 °C): δ 10.76 (s, 1H), 9.72 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.08 (m, 5H), 6.41 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.44 (t, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (dd, J= 10.6, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (d, J = 10.9 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 1.36 (m, 1H), 0.95-0.80 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, THF-ci8, 4 °C): δ 170.0, 155.8, 149.0, 147.8, 147.6, 138.4, 129.6 (2C), 128.9 (2C), 126.0, 116.6, 115.6, 111.9, 108.8, 78.5, 55.8, 50.2, 49.1, 31.8, 28.6 (3C), 26.3, 21.5, 15.8, 7.70, 7.56. HRMS-ESI (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C21H29BrN503, 478.1448; found, 478.1431.
[00100] Step 4: Preparation of (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-amino)piperidin-l-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)- 1 H-pyrrolo [2,3 -6]pyridine :
[00101] To an inerted 1 L jacket reactor, equipped with a mechanic stirrer, a nitrogen/vacuum manifold, a thermocouple, and a condenser, were charged (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-l-yl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-0]pyridine (1 : 1 toluene solvate) (30.0 g, 1.00 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (180 mL, 6.00 mL/g), followed by 4.5 M sulfuric acid (36.1 mL, 3.00 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ± 5 °C for 2 h and then cooled to 20 °C. An aqueous piperazine solution (42.4 g dissolved in 190 mL of water) was added slowly at 25 °C followed by addition of 15.0 mL of sat’d brine. The aqueous bottom layer was removed. The resulting solution was stirred at 20 °C for 5 min. Water (22.0 mL) was added. Continuous distillation was conducted at 50 °C by adjusting the feed rate of ethanol to match the distillation rate until a total of 260 mL of ethanol was added. Water (340 mL) was added at 50 °C over 1 h. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, washed with 20% ethanol in water (2 x 60 mL) and dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C overnight to give 16.4 g (78% corrected yield) of (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-amino)piperidin-l-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-l H-pyrrolo [2,3 -b]pyridine as a light yellow solid. (Note: The proton ( H) and carbon- 13 ( C) spectra of freebase product are very broad. Therefore, the spectra shown below are of freebase converted to a bis-HCl salt.) 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSC ): δ 11.98 (br, 1H), 9.78 (s, 1H), 8.44 (br, 3H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.41 (m, 1H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 1.90 (penta, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 1.81 (m, 1H), 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 0.83 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO- 6): 5 172.9, 149.5, 145.9, 145.1, 121.9, 114.2, 113.1, 107.8, 53.8, 51.1, 47.5, 28.6, 24.37, 14.7, 7.55, 7.45. HRMS-ESI (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C16H21BrN50, 378.0924; found, 378.0912.
[00102] Example 2:
[00103] Alternatively, the compound (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(fer/-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin- 1 -yl)-3 -(cyclopropanecarboxamido)- 1 H-pyrrolo [2,3 -£]pyridine can be prepared from 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine and (^)-tert-butyl piperidin-3-ylcarbamate via a through process without isolating (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-l-yl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-6]pyridine. The changes to existing procedure are shown as below: The solution of (i?)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin- 1 -yl)-3 -nitro- 1 H-pyrrolo [2,3 -6]pyridine was hydrogenated directly in 2-methyl-2-butanol after aqueous washes with 15 wt % citric acid aqueous solution (10.0 g/g) and water (10.0 g/g). The solution concentration in 2-methyl-2-butanol was determined by HPLC weight assay.
PATENT
CHK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell-cycle progression and is a main factor in DNA-damage response within a cell. CHK1 inhibitors have been shown to sensitize tumor cells to a variety of genotoxic agents, such as chemotherapy and radiation. U.S. Pat. No. 8,178,131 discusses a number of inhibitors of CHK1, including the compound (i?)-N-(4-(3-aminopiperidin-l-yl)-5-bromo-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (Compound 1), which is being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers.
Compound 1
PATENT
U.S. Patent Application, 20160200723
Example 1 Preparation of (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine
Step 1: Preparation of (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine
To an inserted 10 L jacket reactor, equipped with a mechanic stirrer, a nitrogen/vacuum manifold, a thermocouple, and a condenser, were charged 2-methyl-2-butanol (3.30 L), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (330 g, 1.00 equiv), (R)-tert-butyl piperidin-3-ylcarbamate (456 g, 2.00 equiv), and N-methylmorpholine (115 g, 1.00 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 48 h and cooled to 20° C. The mixture was then washed with 15 wt % citric acid aqueous solution (3.30 kg) and water (3.30 kg). The majority of 2-methyl-2-butanol was distilled off under vacuum at 50° C. Acetonitrile was added to bring the mixture back to its original volume. Continuous distillation was conducted until a total of 10.3 kg of acetonitrile was added. Water (3.20 kg) was slowly charged to the suspension over approximately 1 h at 55° C. The slurry was slowly cooled to 20° C. over 4 h. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and washed with a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and water (1.60 L). The product was dried in a vacuum oven under nitrogen at 70° C. to provide 358 g (69% yield) of (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 13.12 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.34 (m, 2H), 3.22 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (t, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 1.88 (dd, J=12.3, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 1H), 1.34 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 154.8, 148.9, 148.2, 147.9, 130.6, 128.5, 113.8, 109.6, 77.6, 54.7, 48.9, 47.3, 30.0, 28.1 (3C), 24.2. HRMS-ESI (m/z): [M+H]+ calcd for C17H23BrN5O4, 440.0928. found, 440.091
Steps 2 and 3: Preparation of (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine
To an inserted 1 L pressure reactor were charged (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (75.0 g, 1.00 equiv), 1% Pt+2% V/C (11.3 g, 15 wt %), N-methylmorpholine (29.3 g, 1.70 equiv), and 2-MeTHF (750 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. at 5 bar of hydrogen for a minimum of 2 h. Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (26.7 g, 1.50 equiv) was charged into the reactor over 10 min at 15° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h and filtered through Celite. The cake was washed with 2-MeTHF (150 mL). The filtrate was washed with 15 wt % aqueous ammonium chloride solution (450 mL) and water (450 mL) and then distilled in vacuo to ⅓ of it’s original volume. Toluene was added to bring the solution back to its original volume. Continuous vacuum distillation was conducted at 55° C. while adding toluene until the 2-MeTHF was below 2 wt %. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, washed with toluene and dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. overnight to give 69.8 g (69% corrected yield) of (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1:1 toluene solvate) as an off-white solid. 1H NMR (600 MHz, THF-d8, 4° C.): δ 10.76 (s, 1H), 9.72 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.08 (m, 5H), 6.41 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.44 (t, J=10.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (dd, J=10.6, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 1.36 (m, 1H), 0.95-0.80 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, THF-d8, 4° C.): δ 170.0, 155.8, 149.0, 147.8, 147.6, 138.4, 129.6 (2C), 128.9 (2C), 126.0, 116.6, 115.6, 111.9, 108.8, 78.5, 55.8, 50.2, 49.1, 31.8, 28.6 (3C), 26.3, 21.5, 15.8, 7.70, 7.56. HRMS-ESI (m/z): [M+H]+ calcd for C21H29BrN5O3, 478.1448. found, 478.1431.
Step 4: Preparation of (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine
To an inserted 1 L jacket reactor, equipped with a mechanic stirrer, a nitrogen/vacuum manifold, a thermocouple, and a condenser, were charged (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1:1 toluene solvate) (30.0 g, 1.00 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (180 mL, 6.00 mL/g), followed by 4.5 M sulfuric acid (36.1 mL, 3.00 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50±5° C. for 2 h and then cooled to 20° C. An aqueous piperazine solution (42.4 g dissolved in 190 mL of water) was added slowly at 25° C. followed by addition of 15.0 mL of sat′d brine. The aqueous bottom layer was removed. The resulting solution was stirred at 20° C. for 5 min. Water (22.0 mL) was added. Continuous distillation was conducted at 50° C. by adjusting the feed rate of ethanol to match the distillation rate until a total of 260 mL of ethanol was added. Water (340 mL) was added at 50° C. over 1 h. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, washed with 20% ethanol in water (2×60 mL) and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. overnight to give 16.4 g (78% corrected yield) of (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine as a light yellow solid. (Note: The proton (1H) and carbon-13 (13C) spectra of freebase product are very broad. Therefore, the spectra shown below are of freebase converted to a bis-HCl salt.)1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.98 (br, 1H), 9.78 (s, 1H), 8.44 (br, 3H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.41 (m, 1H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 1.90 (penta, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 1.81 (m, 1H), 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 0.83 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 172.9, 149.5, 145.9, 145.1, 121.9, 114.2, 113.1, 107.8, 53.8, 51.1, 47.5, 28.6, 24.37, 14.7, 7.55, 7.45. HRMS-ESI (m/z): [M+H]+ calcd for C16H21BrN5O, 378.0924. found, 378.0912.
Example 2
Alternatively, the compound (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine can be prepared from 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine and (R)-tert-butyl piperidin-3-ylcarbamate via a through process without isolating (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine. The changes to existing procedure are shown as below: The solution of (R)-5-bromo-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine was hydrogenated directly in 2-methyl-2-butanol after aqueous washes with 15 wt % citric acid aqueous solution (10.0 g/g) and water (10.0 g/g). The solution concentration in 2-methyl-2-butanol was determined by HPLC weight assay.
PAPER
An Efficient Through-Process for Chk1 Kinase Inhibitor GDC-0575
, Keena Green†, Kathrin Oehring‡, Arthur Meili‡, Eugen Pfeifer‡, Michelangelo Scalone‡, and Francis Gosselin† 
We report an efficient route to prepare Chk1 kinase inhibitor GDC-0575 from 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitro-7-azaindole featuring a sequence of nucleophilic aromatic substitution, hydrogenative nitro-reduction, and a robust, high-yielding end-game involving deprotection–crystallization steps. The developed route was demonstrated on 10 kg scale in 30% overall yield to provide the target API in >99.8 A % HPLC purity.
(R)-5-Bromo-4-(3-amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (GDC-0575)
1: Duan W, Gao L, Aguila B, Kalvala A, Otterson GA, Villalona-Calero MA. Fanconi
anemia repair pathway dysfunction, a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.
Front Oncol. 2014 Dec 19;4:368. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00368. eCollection 2014.
PubMed PMID: 25566506; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4271581.
GDC-0575 / Cancer
07/01/2011
Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics
Single-Agent Inhibition of Chk1 Is Antiproliferative in Human Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro and Inhibits Tumor Xenograft Growth In Vivo
GDC-0575 / Cancer
04/05/2011
American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting
Chk1 inhibition and Wee1 inhibition combine synergistically to inhibit cellular proliferation
GDC-0575 / Cancer
03/11/2011
International Symposium on Targeted Anticancer Therapies
Preclinical characterization of ARRY-575: A potent, selective, and orally bio-available small molecule inhibitor of Chk1
///////// GDC0575, GDC 0575, ARRY-575, GDC-0575, RG 7741, RO 6845979, AK 687476, ARRY 575, GDC 0575, RG 7741, PHASE 1
O=C(Nc1cnc2ncc(Br)c(c12)N3CCC[C@@H](N)C3)C4CC4
AVOID CONFUSING
WRONG COMPD 2097938-64-0
N ATOM MISSING IN RING
Taladegib
LY2940680; 1258861-20-9; Taladegib; LY-2940680; UNII-QY8BWX1LJ5; QY8BWX1LJ5
4-fluoro-N-methyl-N-[1-[4-(2-methylpyrazol-3-yl)phthalazin-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide
| Molecular Formula: | C26H24F4N6O |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight: | 512.513 g/mol |
Taladegib is an orally bioavailable small molecule antagonist of the Hedgehog (Hh)-ligand cell surface receptor smoothened (Smo) with potential antineoplastic activity. Taladegib inhibits signaling that is mediated by the Hh pathway protein Smo, which may result in a suppression of the Hh signaling pathway and may lead to the inhibition of the proliferation of tumor cells in which this pathway is abnormally activated. The Hh signaling pathway plays an important role in cellular growth, differentiation and repair; constitutive activation of this pathway is associated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation and has been observed in a variety of cancers.
Taladegib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumor, COLON CANCER, BREAST CANCER, Advanced Cancer, and Rhabdomyosarcoma, among others.
SYN
PATENT
Preparation 1 ter?-Butyl 1 -(4-chlorophthalazin- 1 -yl)piperidin-4-yl(methyl)carbamate
Heat a mixture of potassium carbonate (21.23 g, 153.6 mmol), 1,4-dichlorophthalazine (26 g, 128 mmol) and methyl-piperidin-4-yl carbamic acid ter?-butyl ester (30.01 g, 134.4 mmol) in N-methylpyrrolidine (200 mL) at 80 0C overnight. Pour the reaction mixture into water, extract with dichloromethane, dry over Na2SC”4, and concentrate under reduced pressure. Add diethylether and filter off the resulting solid (4-chlorophethalazin-1-ol from starting material impurity). Concentrate the filtrate. Purify the resulting residue by flash silica gel chromatography (hexane : ethyl acetate = 2 : 1) to X-18698
-9- provide the title compound as a white solid (17.66 g, 37%). ES/MS m/z (37Cl) 377.0 (M+ 1).
Preparation 2 fer?-Butyl 1 -(4-chlorophthalazin- 1 -yl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate
Prepare the title compound by essentially following the procedure described in Preparation 1 , using piperidin-4-yl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. Cool the reaction mixture and pour into water (500 mL). Extract with ethyl acetate, wash with water, dry over Na2SC”4, and remove the solvents under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as a yellow solid (36 g, 97%). ES/MS m/z 363.0 (M+l).
Preparation 3 ter?-Butyl methyl( 1 -(4-( 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazol-5 -yl)phthalazin- 1 -yl)piperidin-4- yl)carbamate
Place sodium carbonate (3.82 g, 36.09 mmol), tert-butyl 1 -(4-chlorophthalazin- 1-yl) piperidin-4-yl(methyl)carbamate (6.8 g, 18.04 mmol) and 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-5-boronic acid pinacol ester (5.63 g, 27.1 mmol) in a flask with a mixture of toluene (50 mL), ethanol (17 mL), and water (17 mL). Degas the mixture for 10 min with nitrogen gas. Add tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.4 g, 0.35 mmol) and heat the mixture at 74 0C overnight. Cool the mixture to ambient temperature and dilute with dichloromethane. Wash the organic portion with brine, dry over Na2SC”4, and concentrate under reduced pressure. Purify the resulting residue by flash silica gel chromatography X-18698
-10-
(hexane : ethyl acetate : 2 M NH3 in MeOH = 20 : 5 : 1) to provide the title compound as a yellow foam (5.33 g, 70%). ES/MS m/z 423.2 (M+ 1).
Alternate procedure to prepare tert-butyl methyl(l-(4-(l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin-l-yl)piperidin-4-yl)carbamate: Preparations 4 – 6
Preparation 4
1 ,4-Dibromophthalazine
Charge a pressure tube with phosphorus pentabromide (24.5 g, 54.1 mmol) and
2,3-dihydro-phthalazine-l,4-dione (5.00 g, 30.8 mmol). Seal the tube and heat at 140 0C for 6-7 h. Allow to cool overnight. Carefully open the tube due to pressure. Chisel out the solid and pour into ice water. Allow to stir in ice water and collect the resulting solid by vacuum filtration. Dry in a vacuum oven to obtain the final product (8.31 g, 93%). ES/MS (79Br, 81Br) m/z 288.8 (M+). Ref: Can. J. Chem. 1965, 43, 2708.
Preparation 5 ter?-Butyl 1 -(4-bromophthalazin- 1 -yl)piperidin-4-yl(methyl)carbamate
Combine 1 ,4-dibromophthalazine (0.70 g, 2.38 mmol), N-methylpyrrolidone (7.0 mL), potassium carbonate (395 mg, 2.86 mmol), and methyl-piperidin-4-yl-carbamic acid ter?-butyl ester (532 mg, 2.38 mmol). Heat at 80 0C overnight. Cool and pour into water. Collect the solid and dry in a vacuum oven at ambient temperature overnight to obtain the final product (0.96 g, 95%). ES/MS m/z (81Br) 421.0 (M+ 1).
X-18698
-11-
Preparation 6 fer?-Butyl methyl (l-(4-(l -methyl- lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin-l-yl)piperidin-4- yl)carbamate
Charge a reaction tube with fer?-butyl l-(4-bromophthalazin-l-yl)piperidin-4-yl(methyl)carbamate (500 mg, 1.2 mmol), 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-5-boronic acid pinacol ester (370 mg, 1.8 mmol), sodium carbonate (252 mg, 2.4 mmol), toluene (3.75 mL), ethanol (1.25 mL), and water (1.25 mL). Degas the reaction mixture with nitrogen for 10 min. Add tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (137.1 mg, 118.7 μmol). Bubble nitrogen through the reaction mixture for another 10 min. Cap the reaction vial and heat at 90 0C overnight. Cool the reaction and filter through a silica gel pad eluting with 5% MeOH : CΗ2CI2. Concentrate the fractions under reduced pressure. Purify the resulting residue using silica gel chromatography (2% 2 N NH3 in MeOHiCH2Cl2) to obtain the final product (345.6 mg, 69%). ES/MS m/z 423.2 (M+ 1).
Preparation 7 ter?-Butyl 1 -(4-( 1 H-pyrazol-5 -yl)phthalazin- 1 -yl)piperidin-4-yl(methyl)carbamate
Prepare the title compound by essentially following the procedure described in Preparation 3, using tert-buty\ l-(4-chlorophthalazin-l-yl)piperidin-4-yl(methyl)carbamate and lH-pyrazole-3-boronic acid pinacol ester to provide 580 mg,
(67%). ES/MS m/z 409.2 (M+ 1).
Preparation 8 X-18698
-12- tert- Butyl 1 -(4-(I -methyl- lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin- 1 -yl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate
Prepare the title compound by essentially following the procedure described in Preparation 3, using tert-bυXy\ 1 -(4-chlorophthalazin- 1 -yl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate to provide 5.92 g (94%). ES/MS m/z 308.8 (M+).
Preparation 9 iV-methyl- 1 -(4-( 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin- 1 -yl)piperidin-4-amine
Dissolve tert-bvAyl methyl(l-(4-(l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin-l-yl)piperidin-4-yl)carbamate (7.77 g, 18.39 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL). Add an excess of 1 M hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (20 mL, 80 mmol) to the solution and stir at ambient temperature for 2 h. Concentrate under reduced pressure. Purify the resulting residue by flash silica gel chromatography (dichloromethane : 2 M NΗ3 in MeOH = 10 : 1) to provide the title compound as a yellow foam (5.83 g, 98%). ES/MS m/z 323.2 (M+ 1).
Example 1
4-Fluoro-N-methyl-N-(l-(4-(l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin-l-yl)piperidin-4-yl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide
Treat a solution of N-methyl-1 -(4-(I -methyl- lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin-l-yl)piperidin-4-amine (2.8 g, 8.68 mmol) and triethylamine (3.36 mL, 26.1 mmol) in CH2Cl2(30 mL) with 4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2.14 mL, 10.42 mmol). Stir for 3 h at ambient temperature. Concentrate the reaction mixture under reduced pressure. Purify the resulting residue by flash silica gel chromatography (hexane : ethyl acetate : 2 M ΝH3 in MeOH = 20 : 5 : 1) to provide the free base as a yellow foam (3.83 g, 86%). ES/MS m/z 513.0 (M+ 1).
Example Ia
4-Fluoro-N-methyl-N-(l-(4-(l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin-l-yl)piperidin-4-yl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide hydrochloride X-18698
-14-
Dissolve 4-fluoro-N-methyl-N-(l -(4-(I -methyl- lH-pyrazol-5-yl)phthalazin-l- yl)piperidin-4-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (7.13 g, 13.91 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) and add excess 1 N HCl in diethyl ether (30 mL, 30 mmol). Remove the solvents under reduced pressure to provide the title compound (7.05 g, 92%). ES/MS m/z 513.0 (M+ 1). NMR showed a 2:l mixture of amide rotamers. Major rotamer; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6): δ 8.34 (m, IH), 8.26 (m, 2H), 7.95 (m, IH), 7.75 (m, IH), 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.55 (m, IH), 6.72 (d, IH, J=2Hz), 5.15 (br, IH), 4.71 (m, IH), 4.22 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.48 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.19 (m, 2H), 1.89 ( m, 2H). Minor rotamer; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6): δ 8.27 (m, IH), 8.24 (m, 2H), 7.94 (m, IH), 7.73 (m, IH), 7.63 (m, 3H), 6.70 (d, IH, J=2Hz), 5.15 (br, IH), 4.71 (m, IH), 4.07 ( m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.62 ( m 2H).
PATENT
Example 5 Preparation of title compound LY-2940680 [0061] Embodiment
[0062] Compound 10 (0.2g, 0.429mmo 1,1 eq.) Was dissolved in a mixed solution of 18mL of toluene, 6 mL of ethanol, 6 mL of water was added to a solution of 0.091g (0.858mmol, 2eq.) Sodium carbonate which ester (CAS No. 847818-74-0) and 0.098g (0.472mmol, 1 · leq.) in 1-methyl -1H- pyrazole-5-boronic acid, degassed with nitrogen for 20min after addition of 60mg of four (triphenylphosphine) palladium, degassed with nitrogen for lOmin, homogeneous reaction was stirred at reflux for 12h at 74 ° C; after completion the reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with methylene chloride, the organic phase washed three times with brine, dried no over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product, purified by column chromatography (eluent dichloromethane / methanol, a volume ratio of 30: 1) to give the desired product as a pale yellow foam LY-2940680 (0 · 202g, 92% yield).
[0063] The title compound of detection data LY-2940680:
[0064] 1 ^: 951 ^ 4 ^^ (3001 ^, 0) (: 13) 38.09 ((1 (1,1 = 7.7 ^ 11 (17.74 ^, 210,7.85 (111,210, 7.65 (d, J = 1.80 hz, 1H), 7.47-7.28 (m, 3H), 6.59 (d, J = 1.77Hz, 1H), 4.93 (m, lH), 4.21-4.08 (m, 2H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 3.44 -3.35 (m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.35-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.04-1,88 (m, 2H) ppm; 13C NMR (300Mz, CDC13) S168.0,163.8,159.9,147.4 , 138.2,136.7,132.0,131.9, 131.5,129.4,129.0,128.0,126.3,124.6,121.4,119.5,114.5,109.1,56.9,51.4,38.3, 31.8,29.7,28.4ppm; MS (ESI) m / z: [M + H] + = 513.20181.
PATENT
PATENT
CN 106831718
Paper
Taladegib (LY-2940680), a small molecule Hedgehog signalling pathway inhibitor, was obtained from N-benzyl-4-piperidone via Borch reductive amination, acylation with 4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride, debenzylation, substitution with 1,4-dichlorophthalazine and Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-boronic acid. The advantages of this synthesis route were the elimination of Boc protection and deprotection and the inexpensive starting materials. Furthermore, the debenzylation reaction was achieved with simplified operational procedure using ammonium formate as hydrogen source that provided high reaction yield. This synthetic procedure was suitable for large-scale production of the compound for biological evaluation and further study.
Synthesis of Taladegib (LY-2940680)
purified by flash silica gel chromatography (dichloromethane/MeOH, 30:1) to provide Taladegib as a yellow foam. Yield 0.20 g, 92%; m.p. 95 °C;
1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3 ) δ 8.09 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.90–7.80 (m, 2H), 7.65 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.47–7.28 (m, 3H), 6.59 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.97–4.89 (m, 1H), 4.21–4.08 (m, 2H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 3.44–3.35 (m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.35–2.11(m, 2H), 2.04–1.88 (m, 2H);
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3 ) δ 168.0, 163.8, 159.9, 147.4, 138.2, 136.7, 132.0, 131.9, 131.5, 129.4, 129.0, 128.0, 126.3, 124.6, 121.4, 119.5, 114.5, 109.1, 56.9, 51.4, 38.3, 31.8, 29.7, 28.4; MS calcd for C26H24F4 N6 O [M + H]+: 513.2026; found: 513.2018.
////////////PHASE 2, Taladegib, LY-2940680,
CN1C(=CC=N1)C2=NN=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)N4CCC(CC4)N(C)C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)F)C(F)(F)F
DIOSMIN
5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one
Diosmin is a flavone, a member of the flavonoid family. Diosmin aglycone is diosmetin. It can be found in Teucrium gnaphalodes, a plant endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.[1]
IR KBR
Diosmin is a semisynthetic flavonoid molecule derived from citrus d (modified hesperidin). It is an oral phlebotropic drug used in the treatment of venous disease, i.e., chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) including spider and varicose veins, leg swelling (edema), stasis dermatitis and venous ulcers. It is also used as a stand-alone or surgical adjunctive therapy in hemorrhoidal disease (HD).
There are extensive clinical trials that show diosmin improves all stages of venous disease including venous ulcers and improves quality of life.[2] There are no prospective studies in arterial disease.
Diosmin is currently a prescription medication in some European countries (under the Dio-PP, Venotec, Daflon etc. tradenames), and is sold as a nutritional supplement in the United States.
Diosmin has been found to be effective in mitigating hyperglycemia in diabetic rats.[3] It is also speculated that diosmin might have potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases,[4] such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Diosmin improves lymphatic drainage by increasing the frequency and intensity of lymphatic contractions, and by increasing the total number of functional lymphatic capillaries. Furthermore, diosmin with hesperidine decreases the diameter of lymphatic capillaries and the intralymphatic pressure.Diosmin prolongs the vasoconstrictor effect of norepinephrine on the vein wall, increasing venous tone, and therefore reducing venous capacitance, distensibility, and stasis. This increases the venous return and reduces venous hyperpressure present in patients suffering from CVI.
At the microcirculation level, diosmin reduces capillary hyperpermeability and increases capillary resistance by protecting the microcirculation from damaging processes.
Diosmin reduces the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1), and inhibits the adhesion, migration, and activation of leukocytes at the capillary level. This leads to a reduction in the release of inflammatory mediators, principally oxygen free radicals and prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2a).
Diosmin is distributed in the U.S. as a dietary supplement.[5][6]
Diosmin was first reported by O. A. Osterle and G. Wander in HeIv. Chim. Acta. 8, 519 – 536, 1925 and is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside that can be isolated from various plant sources, i.e from the peel of the citrus fruit or hesperidin. Diosmin is a protecting agent and is used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, lymphedema, hemorrhoids and varicose veins. It has been also used for other therapeutic purposes such as cancer, premenstrual syndrome, colitis, and diabetes.
The several references are reported in the prior art for conversion of hesperidin to diosmin.
Zemplen and Bogner, in Ber. 76, 452, 1943 reported monobromination of acetylated flavanones by liquid bromine in chloroform solution in presence of ultraviolet radiation to obtain flavone derivative by following loss of hydrogen bromide and deacetylation with alcoholic alkali. The conversion of hesperidin to diosmin reported is 37%.
In the journal reference, J. Org. Chem., 16, 930 – 933, 1951, by N. B. Lorette et. al. N-bromosuccinimide was used for the bromination of acetylated hesperidin in chloroform and benzoyl peroxide was used as a catalyst. Diosmin yield was 44%.
Studies in Organic Chemistry (Amsterdam) (1982), Volume Date 1981, 11, 115-119 describes conversion of Hesperidin, neohesperidin and naringin to diosmin, neodiosmin, and rhoifolin respectively by dehydrogenation with iodine in pyridine. Tianran Chanwu Yabjiu Yu Kaif (2006), 18(6), 896-899 describes separation and purification of diosmin by macroporous resins, and reported 95% pure diosmin.
ES459076 describes the preparation of diosmin by bromination and debromination of hesperidin acetate in tetrahydrofuran with 2-carboxy ethyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide followed by saponification with potassium tertiary butoxide.
ES465156 describes diosmin preparation by reaction of hesperidin with aqueous sodium hydroxide, iodine and pyridine with 66% yield.
DE2740950 describes iodination-dehydroiodination of hesperidin in the presence of pyridine and iodine resulting 89% of diosmin.
EP52086 claims a process for the preparation of diosmin comprising of total acetylation of hesperidin or related flavone by heating it in acetic anhydride and pyridine followed by selective dehydrogenation or oxidation by means of SeO2 in isoamyl alcohol and then deprotection by means of alkaline hydrolysis with inorganic bases under hot condition. The isolated diosmin is purified by base acid treatment with overall reported yield is of 60%.
US4078137 describes a process for diosmin comprising of acetylation of hesperidin, thereby brominating it and the brominated product is hydrolysed to isolate diosmin with bromine content less then 0.1% with over all 65% yield.
In BE 904614, diosmin was prepared by iodination of hesperidin followed by elimination of HI. In the process, iodine in dimethylformamide and pyridine were successively added to hesperidin and the resulting mixture was heated at 100°C to give 96% pure diosmin.
EP 860443 describes the process that involves reaction of hesperidin with iodine in presence of pyridine at reflux temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled to 5°C and the isolated diosmin is purified using base acid treatment to get the quality of diosmin above 90% with 75 % yield.
FR2760015 provides industrial dehydrogenation of hesperidin with potassium iodide in DMSO in presence of cone. H2SO4 resulted in diosmin with 73% yield and pharmacopoeial quality.
WO2000011009 describes reaction of hesperidin with iodine in presence of pyridine and anhydrous alkaline earth metal base. The process involves purifying the reaction mass using morpholine followed by base acid treatment which resulted in diosmin with 80% yield and purity of diosmin meets with pharmacopoeial norms.
EP 1086953 discloses the process for purification of diosmin by reacting with pulverized zinc in aqueous solution followed by filtration and acidification.
Diosmin which is produced by many of the prior art processes is often found to contain impurities and is contaminated with various byproducts, for instance hesperidin, Isorhoifin, acetyl lisovanilone, 6-Iododiosmin, linarin, diosmetin and other organic volatile impurities. Some of the major impurities are resulted from hesperidin during extraction. The impurities of hesperidin have a major effect on the final assay of diosmin. The impurities vary depending upon the source of hesperidin. It is worthy to note that direct crystallization of crude diosmin with aqueous base acid solution does not necessarily improve the assay / purity of diosmin.
The process described in Studies in Organic Chemistry (Amsterdam) (1982), Volume Date 1981, 11, 115-119 is different from the present inventors process.
Although ES459076 teaches the preparation of diosmin by bromination and debromination of hesperidin acetate in tetrahydrofuran with 2-carboxy ethyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide, it does not teach about the final purity of diosmin with pharmaceutical quality as required.
ES465156 and DE2740950 although disclose method of preparation, does not teach a process that gives yields as are taught by present invention.
EP52086 and US4078137 uses acetic anhydride for acetylation of hesperidine with yields around 60%, which are phenomenally less as compared with yields of process described by present invention.
Sequence of addition of reactants in the process as taught by BE 904614 is different than the teachings of the present invention.
FR2760015 teaches use of different reactants under conditions that are different from the teachings of the present invention.
Invention disclosed in present application does not use morpholine as disclosed in WO2000011009.
Though there are reported several processes for preparation of diosmin in the prior art, present invention describes a novel systematic process for the preparation of diosmin by converting hesperidin to diosmin at optimum level i.e. % conversion, and keeping the impurities at minimum level which results in consistently pure diosmin with good yield and the desired quality. The process allows recovery and recycle of major contributing chemicals and solvents such as methanol, pyridine and iodine, without impact on quality, purity or yield of the process making the process more economical and ecofriendly. It is surprisingly found that quality diosmin output obtained is independent of hesperidin quality used
PAPER
Lee, Sanghyun; Natural Product Sciences 2002, VOL 8(4), P127-128
Siciliano, Tiziana; Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, VOL 52(21), P6510-6515
Yin, Feng; Zhongguo Tianran Yaowu 2004, VOL 2(3), P149-151
Markovic, D.; Farm. Glasnik 1949, VOL 5(No. 7;No. 8), P135-48;153-62
Nakaoki, Tahitiro; Yakugaku Zasshi 1938, VOL 58, P639-47(in German 197-201)
Wander, G.; Pharmaceutical Journal 1925, VOL 115, P520
Morita, Naokata; Yakugaku Zasshi 1967, VOL 87(3), P319-20
“PhysProp” data were obtained from Syracuse Research Corporation of Syracuse, New York (US)
Narasimhachari, N.; Proceedings – Indian Academy of Sciences, Section A 1949, VOL 30A, P151-62
Horowitz, Robert M.; Journal of Organic Chemistry 1956, VOL 21, P1184-5
paper
Spectroscopy Letters , An International Journal for Rapid Communication , Volume 19, 1986 – Issue 5, 1H NMR Spectra at 360 MHz of Diosmin and Hesperidin in DMSO Solution
PAPER
Journal of Natural Products, 2013, vol. 76, 1, pg. 8 – 12
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/np300460a/suppl_file/np300460a_si_001.pdf
1 H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra of diosmin (5) ……………….S2
PAPER
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2014, vol. 199, pg. 35 – 41
PATENT
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102653549A/en
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0012] BRIEF I: iodine purification process Figure 2: Synthesis of diosmin roadmap
detailed description
[0013] Main reaction: The 80Kg Hesperidin, 40Kg soda ash, 400kg90% ethanol, 80L pyridine, 24kg iodine successively into reactor closed good pot opening, with stirring and heated to 110 ° c with a microwave, heat stirring, until the orange leather glycosides completely dissolved, about ten minutes. Hesperidin is completely dissolved, the solvent was slowly added to 80L of pyridine, combined with sodium iodide 8Kg, heated to 110 ° C, the reaction was stirred for 3-4 hr incubation, the sample is then detected by HPLC detection method, when a peak area less than hesperidin the reaction was terminated when 5% diosmin peak area, heat recovery of the solvent pyridine.
[0014] The filter press: End recovered 25Kg pyridine was added a paste of methanol, was press iodine recycling of waste, the recovery is completed, washed with purified water of 62 ° C, colorless and transparent until the washing water to the water 3 t, remove the filter cake to afford crude diosmin, 125. 4Kg.
[0015] Purification: 16Kg sodium hydroxide into dissolving tank, add purified water 500Kg, dissolved under stirring, and after dissolution the crude into the tank, and the water plus t I stir crystals were filtered into a stainless steel frame filter kettle, adding 42Kg hydrochloric acid, adjusted to PH 6.7, 25Kg of methanol was added, after stirring for 30min, the precipitate was allowed to stand, the I h.
[0016] Washing: The crystalline material tank into the filter press, ere washed with purified water, the washing water to colorless far, four tons of water, remove the filter cake to afford fine diosmin, 118. 5Kg. [0017] The dried, pulverized, mixed: semi-finished products into the oven dried 11.2 hours, 82 ° C temperature conditions, the dried material was crushed with a grinder, then put double cone blender and mixed overall speed 15r / min, each of the positive and negative inversion 20min, diosmin have finished 72Kg, a yield of 90.0%.
[0018] Packaging: for medical packaging with double polyethylene bags, into the drum after passing inspection, into finished products.
[0019] The recovery of iodine: iodine-containing filtrate generated pressure filtration step was slowly added sulfuric acid to adjust the PH 4, left for 5 hours, vacuum distillation, collecting high-boiling fraction, 20Kg hydrogen peroxide was slowly added, stand for 2 hours, filtered, the recovered iodine cloth, can be re-purified to obtain purified iodine! .
[0020] Processing pyridine in water: pyridine pyridine recovered after 400Kg containing moisture added to the kettle, 35Kg of potassium hydroxide was added, heated to 105 ± 5 ° C, collecting it pyridine (105 ° C before the liquid front , is defective, back again into the reaction vessel, then 105 ° C out is a good product), Hugh moisture meter by Karl Fischer detected, less than 2%.
PATENT
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102875621A/en
diosmin chemical name is 3 ‘, 5,7-trihydroxy-4’ – methoxy flavone, i.e. (7 – {[6-0- (6-deoxy-mannose -a -L- sugar) _β -D- glucopyranosyl] oxy} -5_ hydroxy-2- (3-hydroxy-_4_ methoxyphenoxy) -4H-L–benzopyran-4-one), the following structure Figure:
[0003]
[0004] Diosmin has a comprehensive effect on vascular transfusion system to the venous system, micro-circulatory system and the lymphatic system has a powerful effect. Diosmin can be significantly reduced in addition to the adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelial cells, migration, inhibition of leukocyte disintegration and release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, bradykinin, complement, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, free radical scavenging and the like, It may also reduce blood viscosity, to enhance flow of red blood cells, thus reducing the microcirculation stasis, mainly used in clinical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.
[0005] diosmin content in natural plant is very low, direct extraction of high cost, so it is through the oxygen
Hesperidin is prepared by chemical synthesis; hesperidin formula below:
[0006]
[0007] diosmin synthesis process generally as follows:
[0008] hesperidin and an oxidant, and a solvent after mixing an alkaline reagent can be synthesized by heating the reaction Diosmin; wherein said oxidizing agent is iodine, mainly basic agent mainly inorganic bases, typically hydrogen sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, an alkaline substance, etc., the solvent is pyridine or dimethylformamide.
[0009] Preparation of diosmin conventional synthesis method will inevitably pyridine or dimethylformamide as the reaction solvent, in particular in the main pyridine; as pyridine, dimethylformamide as a reaction solvent after the treatment process is not easy divisible, thus resulting in higher residual solvent in the product; the same time, since the two types of the organic solvent is pyridine, a large irritating odor on the human body have a greater toxic effects, and therefore in the production process and on the environment endanger personnel more apparent.
Example 8
[0081] In addition hesperidin 1000L reaction vessel 100 g, 47 g of sodium hydroxide and 12 g of iodine, and finally adding morpholine: water (60: 40) mixed solvent O. 8 liters, stir until completely dissolved. after heating to 85-90 ° C. was stirred incubated for 9 hours. the reaction liquid becomes viscous liquid was added 3 g of sodium thiosulfate, recovered at 85-90 ° C under vacuum conditions to a 70-80% morpholinyl, after complete recovery morpholine, O. 8 liters of water was added, stirred uniformly filtered to collect the waste. washed with water to give diosmin crude product. the crude product diosmin O. 8-liter and water was added 30 g of sodium hydroxide. stirred to dissolve completely after high-speed centrifuge filtration. into the crystallizer, water was added to the filtrate I. 5 liters of sulfuric acid was added slowly acidified to PH 2-3. standing, filtered and washed with water. diosmin give crude crystals. The crude crystals add water O. 8-liter and 30 g of sodium hydroxide and stirred to dissolve completely, placed in a crystallizer tank, to force saliva I. 5 liters of sulfuric acid was added slowly acidified to PH 2-3. Standing, was filtered, washed with water the drying, grinding to give the finished Diosmin 80. I g. Product purity by HPLC 95.26%, the yield was 80.1%, iodine residual, residual solvent, associated impurities, the content of all standards
PATENT
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2010092592A2/en
Example – 1
100 gm of hesperidin , 700 ml of pyridine, 9.8 gm of sodium hydroxide and 45.6 gm of iodine were charged in 2 liter clean glass assembly, The resulting solution was heated to 95-1050C for 9 – 10 hours. Reaction was monitored by HPLC to get hesperidin less than 1 %. The pyridine was recovered completely by distillation. Charged methanol to the resulting solid, the reaction mass was heated to reflux and filtered at room temperature. Iodine was recovered from mother liquor, solid obtained was treated with sodium thiosulfate solution and 900 ml, 5% aqueous NaOH solution. pH 2-4 was adjusted with cone, sulfuric acid. Reaction mass was filtered to obtain crude diosmin. Yield : 80 – 86 gm. Recovery of iodine from above methanol mother liquor: Distilled methanol and pyridine mixture. The obtained residue was acidified with sulfuric acid. The resulting pH was less than 1. The brown precipitate formed was filtered. The resulting filtrate was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide at 0-10°C and filtered to obtain crude iodine having assay 50 – 60 %, which was steam distilled to obtain pure iodine with assay 95 %.
Example – 2
100 gm of crude diosmin as prepared in example 1 and 1800 ml of dimethylformamide was charged in 3 liter clean glass assembly. The resulting mass was heated to 90-950C to obtain clear solution. 200 ml of water was added at 90- 950C and maintained for 30 min. The reaction mass was cooled and filtered. The wet solid was collected.
Charged wet solid obtained in 3 liter clean glass assembly and charged 900 ml of water, 900 ml of 5% aqueous NaOH solution. Distilled out approximately 900 ml of water under vacuum below 5O0C. Charged 1000 ml of water and the resulting reaction mass was treated with charcoal and filtered through hyflow. pH 1.8-2.2 was adjusted using sulfuric acid. Stirred the mass for 30 min, filtered and washed it with water, hot water. Solid was dried. Yield : 80 – 85 gm. Assay : 99.9 %.
Example – 3
100 gm of crude diosmin as prepared in example 1, 1800 ml of dimethylformamide and 1800 ml of water was charged in 5 liter clean glass assembly. The resulting solution was heated to 90-950C to obtain slurry and maintained for 30 min. Cooled the reaction mass and filtered, washed with water and hot water. The obtained solid was dried. Yield: 90 – 95 gm. Assay : 97 %. Example – 4
100 gm of crude diosmin as prepared in example 1 and 1800 ml of dimethylformamide was charged in 3 liter clean glass assembly. The resulting solution was heated to 90-950C to obtain clear solution.charged 360 ml of water at 90-950C and maintained for 30 min. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with water and with hot water. Solid obtained was dried. Yield: 90 – 95 gm. Assay : 99.5 %.
Example – 5
100 gm of crude diosmin as prepared in example 1 and 1800 ml of dimethylformamide was charged in 3 liter clean glass assembly. The resulting solution was heated to 90-950C to obtain clear solution, charged 900 ml of water at 90-950C and maintained for 30 min. The reaction mass was filtered, washed with water and with hot water. Solid obtained was dried. Solid obtained was 90 — 95 gm. Assay obtained was 98.8 %.
Example – 6
100 gm of hesperidin , 700 ml of recovered pyridine, 9.8 gm of sodium hydroxide and 45.6 gm of iodine were charged in 2 liter clean glass assembly . The resulting solution was heated to 95-1050C for 9 – 10 hrs. Reaction was monitored by HPLC. Pyridine was recovered completely by distillation. Charged methanol to the resulting solid, the reaction mass was heated to reflux and filtered at room temperature. The solid obtained was treated with sodium thiosulfate solution and 900 ml, 5% aqueous NaOH solution. pH 2-4 was adjusted with cone, sulfuric acid. Reaction mass was filtered to obtain crude diosmin. Crude diosmin obtained was 80 – 86 gm. Purity was 98.6 %.
Example – 7
100 gm of hesperidin , 700 ml of recovered Pyridine, 9.8 gm of sodium hydroxide and 48 gm (assay 95 %) of recovered iodine were charged in 2 liter clean glass assembly.. The resulting solution was heated to 95-1050C for 9 – 10 hours. Reaction was monitored by HPLC to get hesperidin less than 1 %. The pyridine was recovered by distillation. Charged methanol to the resulting solid, the reaction mass was heated to reflux and filtered at room temperature. The solid obtained was treated with sodium thiosulfate solution and 900 ml, 5% aqueous NaOH solution. pH 2-4 was adjusted with cone, sulfuric acid. Reaction mass was filtered to obtain crude diosmin. Yield:80 – 86 gm. Purity : 95.3 %.
PATENT
Method for preparing diosminum comprising the steps of mixing amide solvent, hesperidin, alkaline reagent and iodine, and heating the reaction to obtain diosmin . Diosmin is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside that can be obtained from various plant sources. It is used in therapy due to its pharmacological activity as phlebotonic and vascular protecting agent, and useful for treating chronic venous insufficiency.
[Table 0001]
| Original accessories name | specification | Quality Standard |
| Hesperidin | EC | In line with “Hesperidin Quality Standard” |
| New solvent | Industrial grade | Meet the “new solvent quality standards” |
| Alkali A | Industrial grade | In accordance with the “Alkaline A Quality Standard” |
| iodine | Pharmaceutical grade | In line with “Iodine Quality Standards” |
| hydrochloric acid | Analytical purity | In line with the “Hydrochloric Acid Quality Standard” |
. PMID 20401289. |
|
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of administration |
oral |
| ATC code | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.537 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C28H32O15 |
| Molar mass | 608.545 g/mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
//////////DIOSMIN, диосмин , ديوسمين , 地奥司明 , Barosmin, Diosmine, Venosmine, Diosmil,
COC1=C(O)C=C(C=C1)C1=CC(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO[C@@H]4O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)C=C2O1
Amenamevir アメナメビル
M-5220
CAS 841301-32-4
Chemical Formula: C24H26N4O5S
Molecular Weight: 482.555
N-(2-((4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide
PMDA
| 2017/7/3 | PMDA | APPROVED | JAPAN | Amenamevir | Amenalief
BRAND |
Maruho
COMPANY |
Amenamevir, also known as ASP2151, is a herpes virus helicase-primase inhibitor. ASP2151 had significantly better anti-HSV activity against herpes simplex keratitis than valacyclovir and acyclovir after systemic or topical use.
| アメナメビル Amenamevir  C24H26N4O5S : 482.55 [841301-32-4] |
Amenamevir is an oral helicase-primase inhibitor launched in 2017 in Japan for the treatment of herpes zoster (shingles). The product is being marketed by Maruho.
Amenamevir had been in phase III clinical trials for herpes simplex virus;
In August 2012, Astellas Pharma granted Maruho development and commercialization rights in Japan.
US 20050032855
WO 2006082822
WO 2006082820
WO 2006082821
WO 2009123169
WO 2010047295
JP 2006241144
Patent
The publicly known crystal (following and alpha type crystal) of the compound A of disclosure to the aforementioned Patent document 2 is obtained by re-crystallizing from an ethanol water mixed solvent, and has the melting point of about 220 to 222 degree C. The present invention relates to multi-form crystals other than the alpha form crystal concerned, and relates to beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon type crystal specifically. In a surprising thing, each of these multi-form crystals is crystals stable to a degree usable as a medicinal manufacture field object, and has a preferable property in the surface of solubility, absorbency, stability, and/or a handling property
PATENT
US20050032855, EP1844776A1.
1: Ohtsu Y, Otsuka S, Nakamura T, Noguchi K. Regulated bioanalysis of conformers – A case study with ASP2151 in dog plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2015 Aug 1;997:56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.028. Epub 2015 May 28. PubMed PMID: 26093120.
2: James SH, Larson KB, Acosta EP, Prichard MN. Helicase-primase as a target of new therapies for herpes simplex virus infections. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Jan;97(1):66-78. doi: 10.1002/cpt.3. Epub 2014 Nov 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 25670384.
3: Muylaert I, Zhao Z, Elias P. UL52 primase interactions in the herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase are affected by antiviral compounds and mutations causing drug resistance. J Biol Chem. 2014 Nov 21;289(47):32583-92. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.609453. Epub 2014 Oct 2. PubMed PMID: 25278021; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4239612.
4: Biswas S, Sukla S, Field HJ. Helicase-primase inhibitors for herpes simplex virus: looking to the future of non-nucleoside inhibitors for treating herpes virus infections. Future Med Chem. 2014 Jan;6(1):45-55. doi: 10.4155/fmc.13.192. Review. PubMed PMID: 24358947.
5: Andrei G, Snoeck R. Advances in the treatment of varicella-zoster virus infections. Adv Pharmacol. 2013;67:107-68. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-405880-4.00004-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 23886000.
6: Sasaki S, Miyazaki D, Haruki T, Yamamoto Y, Kandori M, Yakura K, Suzuki H, Inoue Y. Efficacy of herpes virus helicase-primase inhibitor, ASP2151, for treating herpes simplex keratitis in mouse model. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013 Apr;97(4):498-503. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302062. Epub 2013 Jan 29. PubMed PMID: 23361434.
7: Katsumata K, Chono K, Kato K, Ohtsu Y, Takakura S, Kontani T, Suzuki H. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ASP2151, a helicase-primase inhibitor, in a murine model of herpes simplex virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Mar;57(3):1339-46. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01803-12. Epub 2012 Dec 28. PubMed PMID: 23274658; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3591930.
8: Chono K, Katsumata K, Suzuki H, Shiraki K. Synergistic activity of amenamevir (ASP2151) with nucleoside analogs against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus. Antiviral Res. 2013 Feb;97(2):154-60. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.12.006. Epub 2012 Dec 20. PubMed PMID: 23261844.
9: Chono K, Katsumata K, Kontani T, Shiraki K, Suzuki H. Characterization of virus strains resistant to the herpes virus helicase-primase inhibitor ASP2151 (Amenamevir). Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Aug 15;84(4):459-67. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.020. Epub 2012 Jun 9. PubMed PMID: 22687623.
10: Katsumata K, Weinberg A, Chono K, Takakura S, Kontani T, Suzuki H. Susceptibility of herpes simplex virus isolated from genital herpes lesions to ASP2151, a novel helicase-primase inhibitor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Jul;56(7):3587-91. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00133-12. Epub 2012 Apr 23. PubMed PMID: 22526302; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3393391.
11: Tyring S, Wald A, Zadeikis N, Dhadda S, Takenouchi K, Rorig R. ASP2151 for the treatment of genital herpes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and valacyclovir-controlled, dose-finding study. J Infect Dis. 2012 Apr 1;205(7):1100-10. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis019. Epub 2012 Feb 20. PubMed PMID: 22351940.
12: Himaki T, Masui Y, Chono K, Daikoku T, Takemoto M, Haixia B, Okuda T, Suzuki H, Shiraki K. Efficacy of ASP2151, a helicase-primase inhibitor, against thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. 2012 Feb;93(2):301-4. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.11.015. Epub 2011 Dec 4. PubMed PMID: 22155691.
13: Katsumata K, Chono K, Sudo K, Shimizu Y, Kontani T, Suzuki H. Effect of ASP2151, a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes. Molecules. 2011 Aug 25;16(9):7210-23. doi: 10.3390/molecules16097210. PubMed PMID: 21869749.
14: Andrei G, Snoeck R. Emerging drugs for varicella-zoster virus infections. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2011 Sep;16(3):507-35. doi: 10.1517/14728214.2011.591786. Epub 2011 Jun 24. Review. PubMed PMID: 21699441.
15: Chono K, Katsumata K, Kontani T, Kobayashi M, Sudo K, Yokota T, Konno K, Shimizu Y, Suzuki H. ASP2151, a novel helicase-primase inhibitor, possesses antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Aug;65(8):1733-41. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq198. Epub 2010 Jun 9. PubMed PMID: 20534624
///////////Amenamevir, アメナメビル, japan 2017, ASP2151, ASP 2151, M-5220, MARUHO, Amenalief
O=C(C(CC1)CCS1(=O)=O)N(C2=C(C)C=CC=C2C)CC(NC3=CC=C(C4=NOC=N4)C=C3)=O
ALL ABOUT DRUGS, LIVE, BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, WORLDDRUGTRACKER, HELPING MILLIONS, 9 MILLION HITS ON GOOGLE, PUSHING BOUNDARIES,2.5 LAKH PLUS CONNECTIONS WORLDWIDE, 18 LAKH PLUS VIEWS ON THIS BLOG IN 216 COUNTRIES, THE VIEWS EXPRESSED ARE MY PERSONAL AND IN NO-WAY SUGGEST THE VIEWS OF THE PROFESSIONAL BODY OR THE COMPANY THAT I REPRESENT, USE CTRL AND+ KEY TO ENLARGE BLOG VIEW……………………A 90 % PARALYSED MAN IN ACTION FOR YOU, I AM SUFFERING FROM TRANSVERSE MYLITIS AND BOUND TO A WHEEL CHAIR, WITH DEATH ON THE HORIZON, I HAVE LOT TO ACHEIVE
Elobixibat hydrate
TRADE NAME Goofice to EA Pharma
| エロビキシバット水和物 |
Gooffice ® tablet 5 mg (hereinafter referred to as Gooffice ® ) is an oral chronic constipation remedy drug containing as active ingredient Erobi vat having bile acid transporter inhibitory action. It is the world’s first bile acid transporter inhibitor.
Elobixibat is an inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT),[1] undergoing development in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).
IBAT is the bile acid:sodium symporter responsible for the reuptake of bile acids in the ileum which is the initial step in the enterohepatic circulation. By inhibiting the uptake of bile acids, elobixibat increases the bile acid concentration in the gut, and this accelerates intestinal passage and softens the stool. Following several phase II studies, it is now undergoing phase III trials.[2]
The drug was developed by Albireo AB, who licensed it to Ferring Pharmaceuticals for further development and marketing.[3] Albireo has partnered with Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals, giving the Japan-based company the rights to further develop the drug and market it throughout Asia.[4]
Approved 2018/1/19 japan pmda
Elobixibat is an IBAT inhibitor approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic constipation, the first IBAT inhibitor to be approved anywhere in the world. EA Pharma Co., Ltd., a company formed via a 2016 combination of Eisai’s GI business with Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals and focused on the gastrointestinal disease space, is the exclusive licensee of elobixibat for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Japan and other select countries in Asia (not including China) and is expected to co-market elobixibat in Japan with Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and to co-promote elobixibat in Japan with Eisai, under the trade name GOOFICE®.
We also believe that elobixibat has potential benefit in the treatment of NASH based on findings on relevant parameters in clinical trials of elobixibat that we previously conducted in patients with chronic constipation and in patients with elevated cholesterol and findings on other parameters relevant to NASH from nonclinical studies that we previously conducted with elobixibat or a different IBAT inhibitor. In particular, in a clinical trial in dyslipidemia patients, elobixibat given for four weeks reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, with the occurrence of diarrhea being substantially the same as the placebo group. Also, in other clinical trials in constipated patients, elobixibat given at various doses and for various durations reduced LDL-cholesterol and, in one trial, increased levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Moreover, A4250 (an IBAT inhibitor) showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) on the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score in an established model of NASH in mice known as the STAM™ model and improvement in liver inflammation and fibrosis in another preclinical mouse model. We are considering conducting a Phase 2 clinical trial of elobixibat in NASH
These benzothiazepines possess ileal bile acid transport (IBAT) inhibitory activity and accordingly have value in the treatment of disease states associated with hyperlipidaemic conditions and they are useful in methods of treatment of a warm-blooded animal, such as man. The invention also relates to processes for the manufacture of said benzothiazepine derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in the manufacture of medicaments to inhibit IBAT in a warm-blooded animal, such as man.
It is well-known that hyperlipidaemic conditions associated with elevated
concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are major risk factors for cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease (for instance “Coronary Heart Disease: Reducing the Risk; a Worldwide View” Assman G., Carmena R. Cullen P. et al; Circulation 1999, 100, 1930-1938 and “Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association” Grundy S, Benjamin I., Burke G., et al; Circulation, 1999, 100, 1134-46). Interfering with the circulation of bile acids within the lumen of the intestinal tracts is found to reduce the level of cholesterol. Previous established therapies to reduce the concentration of cholesterol involve, for instance, treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, preferably statins such as simvastatin and fluvastatin, or treatment with bile acid binders, such as resins. Frequently used bile acid binders are for instance cholestyramine and cholestipol. One recently proposed therapy (“Bile Acids and Lipoprotein Metabolism: a Renaissance for Bile Acids in the Post Statin Era” Angelin B, Eriksson M, Rudling M; Current Opinion on Lipidology, 1999, 10, 269-74) involved the treatment with substances with an IBAT inhibitory effect.
Re-absorption of bile acid from the gastro-intestinal tract is a normal physiological process which mainly takes place in the ileum by the IBAT mechanism. Inhibitors of EBAT can be used in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia (see for instance “Interaction of bile acids and cholesterol with nonsystemic agents having hypocholesterolaemic properties”, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1210 (1994) 255- 287). Thus, suitable compounds having such inhibitory IBAT activity are also useful in the treatment of hyperlipidaemic conditions.
Compounds possessing such IBAT inhibitory activity have been described, see for instance the compounds described in WO 93/16055, WO 94/18183, WO 94/18184, WO 96/05188, WO 96/08484, WO 96/16051, WO 97/33882, WO 98/38182, WO 99/35135, WO 98/40375, WO 99/35153, WO 99/64409, WO 99/64410, WO 00/01687, WO 00/47568, WO 00/61568, WO 01/68906, DE 19825804, WO 00/38725, WO 00/38726, WO 00/38727, WO 00/38728, WO 00/38729, WO 01/68906, WO 01/66533, WO 02/50051 and EP 0 864 582.
A further aspect of this invention relates to the use of the compounds of the invention in the treatment of dyslipidemic conditions and disorders such as hyperlipidaemia, hypertrigliceridemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia (high LDL), hyperprebetalipoproteinemia (high VLDL), hyperchylomicronemia, hypolipoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia (low HDL). In addition, these compounds are expected to be useful for the prevention and treatment of different clinical conditions such as atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, hyper-thrombotic conditions, vascular dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, heart failure, coronary heart diseases, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, peripheral vascular diseases, inflammation of cardiovascular tissues such as heart, valves, vasculature, arteries and veins, aneurisms, stenosis, restenosis, vascular plaques, vascular fatty streaks, leukocytes, monocytes and/or macrophage infiltration, intimal thickening, medial thinning, infectious and surgical trauma and vascular thrombosis, stroke and transient ischaemic attacks.
PATENTS
WO 2002050051
| STARKE, Ingemar; (SE). DAHLSTROM, Mikael; (SE). BLOMBERG, David; (SE) |
ASTRAZENECA
SYNTHESIS
WO 2002050051, WO 1996016051
PATENT
WO 2003051821
WO 2003020710
TW I291951
WO 2013063512
WO 2013063526
US 20140323412
EP 3012252
PATENT
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2003020710A1/und
PATENT
WO 02/50051 discloses the compound 1 ,1 -dioxo-3,3-dibutyl-5-phenyl-7-methylthio-8-(/V-{(R)-1 ‘-phenyl-1 ‘- [/V-(carboxymethyl)carbamoyl]methyl}carbamoylmethoxy)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 ,5-benzothiazepine (elobixibat; lUPAC name: /V-{(2R)-2-[({[3,3-dibutyl-7-(methylthio)-1 ,1 -dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 ,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl]oxy}acetyl)amino]-2-phenyl-ethanolyl}glycine). This compound is an ileal bile acid transporter (I BAT) inhibitor, which can be used in the treatment or prevention of diseases such as dyslipidemia, constipation, diabetes and liver diseases. According to the experimental section of WO 02/50051 , the last synthetic step in the preparation of elobixibat consists of the hydrolysis of a ie f-butoxyl ester under acidic conditions. The crude compound was obtained by evaporation of the reaction mixture under reduced pressure and purification of the residue by preparative HPLC using acetonitrile/ammonium acetate buffer (50:50) as eluent (Example 43). After freeze drying the product, no crystalline material was identified.
Example 1
Preparation of crystal modification I
Toluene (1 1 .78 L) was charged to a 20 L round-bottom flask with stirring and 1 ,1 -dioxo-3,3-dibutyl-5-phenyl-7-methylthio-8-(/V-{(R)-1 ‘-phenyl-1 ‘-[/\/’-(i-butoxycarbonylmethyl)carbamoyl]-methyl}carbamoylmethoxy)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 ,5-benzothiazepine (2.94 kg) was added. Formic acid (4.42 L) was added to the reaction mass at 25-30 °C. The temperature was raised to 1 15-120 °C and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was monitored by HPLC to assure that not more than 1 % of the starting material remained in the reaction mass. The reaction mass was cooled to 40-43 °C. Purified water (1 1 .78 L) was added while stirring. The reaction mass was further cooled to 25-30 °C and stirred for 15 min.
The layers were separated and the organic layer was filtered through a celite bed (0.5 kg in 3 L of toluene) and the filtrate was collected. The celite bed was washed with toluene (5.9 L), the filtrates were combined and concentrated at 38-40 °C under vacuum. The reaction mass was then cooled to 25-30 °C to obtain a solid.
Ethanol (3.7 L) was charged to a clean round-bottom flask with stirring, and the solid obtained in the previous step was added. The reaction mass was heated to 40-43 °C and stirred at this temperature for 30 min. The reaction mass was then cooled to 25-30 °C over a period of 30 min., and then further cooled to 3-5 °C over a period of 2 h, followed by stirring at this temperature for 14 h. Ethanol (3.7 L) was charged to the reaction mass with stirring, while maintaining the temperature at 0-5 °C, and the reaction mass was then stirred at this temperature for 1 h. The material was then filtered and washed with ethanol (1 .47 L), and vacuum dried for 30 min. The material was dried in a vacuum tray dryer at 37-40 °C for 24 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The material was put in clean double LDPE bags under nitrogen atmosphere and stored in a clean HDPE drum. Yield 1 .56 kg.
Crystal modification I has an XRPD pattern, obtained with CuKal -radiation, with
characteristic peaks at °2Θ positions: 3,1 ± 0.2, 4,4 ± 0.2, 4,9 ± 0.2, 5,2 ± 0.2, 6,0 ± 0.2, 7,4 ± 0.2, 7,6 ± 0.2, 7,8 ± 0.2, 8,2 ± 0.2, 10,0 ± 0.2, 10,5 ± 0.2, 1 1 ,3 ± 0.2, 12,4 ± 0.2, 13,3 ± 0.2, 13,5 ± 0.2, 14,6 ± 0.2, 14,9 ± 0.2, 16,0 ± 0.2, 16,6 ± 0.2, 16,9 ± 0.2, 17,2 ± 0.2, 17,7 ± 0.2, 18,0 ± 0.2, 18,3 ± 0.2, 18,8 ± 0.2, 19,2 ± 0.2, 19,4 ± 0.2, 20,1 ± 0.2, 20,4 ± 0.2, 20,7 ± 0.2, 20,9 ± 0.2, 21 ,1 ± 0.2, 21 ,4 ± 0.2, 21 ,8 ± 0.2, 22,0 ± 0.2, 22,3 ± 0.2, 22,9 ± 0.2, 23,4 ± 0.2, 24,0 ± 0.2, 24,5 ± 0.2, 24,8 ± 0.2, 26,4 ± 0.2,‘27,1 ± 0.2 and 27,8 ± 0.2. The X-ray powder diffractogram is shown in FIG. 4.
PATENT
WO 2014174066
| エロビキシバット水和物 Elobixibat Hydrate C36H45N3O7S2▪H2O : 713.9 [1633824-78-8] |
. PMID 25057297. |
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Oral |
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| Formula | C36H45N3O7S2 |
| Molar mass | 695.89 g/mol |
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//////////Elobixibat hydrate, japan 2018, A-3309, AJG-533, Goofice, A 3309, AJG 533, AZD 7806
CCCCC1(CN(C2=CC(=C(C=C2S(=O)(=O)C1)OCC(=O)NC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)SC)C4=CC=CC=C4)CCCC
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