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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, CLEANCHEM LABS as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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IMIPRIDONE

May 20, 2022 8:27 am / Leave a comment

7-Benzyl-4-(2-methylbenzyl)-1,2,6,7,8,9-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-A]pyrido[3,4-E]pyrimidin-5(4H)-one.png

IMIPRIDONE

CAS No. : 1616632-77-9

Molecular Weight, 386.4964

Related CAS #: 41276-02-2 (TIC10 isomer) 1616632-77-9 (free base) 1638178-82-1 (HCl) 1777785-71-3 (HBr) 2007141-57-1 (2HBr)

TIC 10, 0NC 201, OP 10

Synonym: ONC201; ONC 201; ONC-201; NSC350625; NSC-350625; NSC 350625; TIC10; TIC 10; TIC-10; TRAIL inducing compound 10; imipridone

7-benzyl-4-(2-methylbenzyl)-1,2,6,7,8,9-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimidin-5(4H)-one

2,4,6,7,8,9-Hexahydro-4-((2-methylphenyl)methyl)-7-phenylmethyl)imidazo)(1,2-a)pyrido(3,4-e)pyrimidin-5(1H)-one

ONC-201 Dihydrochloride

C₂₄H₂₈Cl₂N₄O

459.4

UNII-53VG71J90J

53VG71J90J

Q27896336

1638178-82-1

Imidazo(1,2-a)pyrido(3,4-E)pyrimidin-5(1H)-one, 2,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-4-((2-methylphenyl)methyl)-7-(phenylmethyl)-, hydrochloride (1:2)

A TRAIL-dependent antitumor agent.

TIC10 (ONC-201) is a potent, orally active, and stable tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) inducer which acts by inhibiting Akt and ERK, consequently activating Foxo3a and significantly inducing cell surface TRAIL. TIC10 can cross the blood-brain barrier.

ONC-201, also known as TIC10, is a potent, orally active, and stable small molecule that transcriptionally induces TRAIL in a p53-independent manner and crosses the blood-brain barrier. TIC10 induces a sustained up-regulation of TRAIL in tumors and normal cells that may contribute to the demonstrable antitumor activity of TIC10. TIC10 inactivates kinases Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), leading to the translocation of Foxo3a into the nucleus, where it binds to the TRAIL promoter to up-regulate gene transcription. TIC10 is an efficacious antitumor therapeutic agent that acts on tumor cells and their microenvironment to enhance the concentrations of the endogenous tumor suppressor TRAIL.

Akt/ERK Inhibitor ONC201 is a water soluble, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, Akt/ERK inhibitor ONC201 binds to and inhibits the activity of Akt and ERK, which may result in inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal transduction pathway as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK-mediated pathway. This may lead to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL death receptor type 5 (DR5) signaling in AKT/ERK-overexpressing tumor cells. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK pathway are upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and play a key role in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and survival by inhibiting apoptosis. In addition, ONC201 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

SYN

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 19(39), 8497-8501; 2021

Herein, we present a copper-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-aminoimidazolines and ortho-halo(hetero)aryl carboxylic acids that causes the regioselective formation of angularly fused tricyclic 1,2-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one derivatives. The reaction involved in the construction of the core six-membered pyrimidone moiety proceeded via regioselective N-arylation–condensation. The presented protocol been successfully applied to accomplish the total synthesis of TIC10/ONC201, which is an active angular isomer acting as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL): a sought after anticancer clinical agent.

Graphical abstract: Tandem copper catalyzed regioselective N-arylation–amidation: synthesis of angularly fused dihydroimidazoquinazolinones and the anticancer agent TIC10/ONC201

Click to access d1ob01561c1.pdf

7-Benzyl-4-(2-methylbenzyl)-1,2,6,7,8,9-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimidin-5(4H)-one (6): Pale orange semi-solid, 202 mg (0.521 mmol), 52 % Rf = 0.25 (CH3OH/CHCl3 5:95); IR 1490, 1610, 1644, 2882, 2922 cm-1 ; 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.54 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 2H), 3.67 (s, 2H), 3.84-3.91 (m, 4H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 7.02-7.04 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.12 (m, 3H), 7.26- 7.34 (m, 5H). 13C{1H}-NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 19.3, 26.8, 43.4, 46.9, 48.2, 49.6, 50.45, 62.3, 102.1, 125.2, 125.9, 126.8, 127.4, 128.45, 129.2, 130.2, 134.2, 135.6, 137.9, 145.7, 153.3, 161.4; MS (ESI, m/z): [M+H]+ 387; HRMS (ESI, m/z): calcd for C24H27N4O [M+H]+ found 387.2183.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2017132661A2/en

Scheme 1.

Scheme 2.

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CLIP

https://mdanderson.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/discovery-and-clinical-introduction-of-first-in-class-imipridone-Discovery and clinical introduction of first-in-class imipridone ONC201

Abstract

ONC201 is the founding member of a novel class of anti-cancer compounds called imipridones that is currently in Phase II clinical trials in multiple advanced cancers. Since the discovery of ONC201 as a p53-independent inducer of TRAIL gene transcription, preclinical studies have determined that ONC201 has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against a broad range of tumor cells but not normal cells. The mechanism of action of ONC201 involves engagement of PERK-independent activation of the integrated stress response, leading to tumor upregulation of DR5 and dual Akt/ERK inactivation, and consequent Foxo3a activation leading to upregulation of the death ligand TRAIL. ONC201 is orally active with infrequent dosing in animals models, causes sustained pharmacodynamic effects, and is not genotoxic. The first-in-human clinical trial of ONC201 in advanced aggressive refractory solid tumors confirmed that ONC201 is exceptionally well-tolerated and established the recommended phase II dose of 625 mg administered orally every three weeks defined by drug exposure comparable to efficacious levels in preclinical models. Clinical trials are evaluating the single agent efficacy of ONC201 in multiple solid tumors and hematological malignancies and exploring alternative dosing regimens. In addition, chemical analogs that have shown promise in other oncology indications are in pre-clinical development. In summary, the imipridone family that comprises ONC201 and its chemical analogs represent a new class of anti-cancer therapy with a unique mechanism of action being translated in ongoing clinical trials.

////////////IMIPRIDONE, TIC 10, ONC 201, NSC 350625, OP 10, Fast Track Designation, Orphan Drug Designation, Rare Pediatric Disease Designation, PHASE 3, GLIOMA, CHIMERIX

O=C1N(CC2=CC=CC=C2C)C3=NCCN3C4=C1CN(CC5=CC=CC=C5)CC4

NIROGACESTAT

February 23, 2021 5:13 am / Leave a comment

NIROGACESTAT

(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]amino]-N-[1-[1-(2,2-dimethylpropylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]imidazol-4-yl]pentanamide

489.6 g/mol, C₂₇H₄₁F₂N₅O

CAS 1290543-63-3

PF-03084014, 1290543-63-3, PF-3084014, 865773-15-5QZ62892OFJUNII:QZ62892OFJUNII-QZ62892OFJнирогацестат [Russian] [INN]نيروغاسيستات [Arabic] [INN]尼罗司他 [Chinese] [INN]ニロガセスタット;

orphan drug designation in June 2018 for the treatment of desmoid tumors, and with a fast track designation

Nirogacestat, also known as PF-03084014, is a potent and selective gamma secretase (GS) inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. PF-03084014 binds to GS, blocking proteolytic activation of Notch receptors. Nirogacestat enhances the Antitumor Effect of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer. Nirogacestat enhances docetaxel-mediated tumor response and provides a rationale to explore GSIs as adjunct therapy in conjunction with docetaxel for men with CRPC (castration-resistant prostate cancer).

Nirogacestat was disclosed to be a gamma-secretase inhibitor, which can inhibit Aβ-peptide production. SpringWorks Therapeutics (a spin-out of Pfizer ) is developing nirogacestat, as hydrobromide salt, a gamma-secretase inhibitor, for treating aggressive fibromatosis. In February 2021, nirogacestat was reported to be in phase 3 clinical development.

Nirogacestat is a selective gamma secretase (GS) inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. Nirogacestat binds to GS, blocking proteolytic activation of Notch receptors; Notch signaling pathway inhibition may follow, which may result in the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells that overexpress Notch. The integral membrane protein GS is a multi-subunit protease complex that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins, such as Notch receptors, at residues within their transmembrane domains. Overexpression of the Notch signaling pathway has been correlated with increased tumor cell growth and survival.

Nirogacestat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Breast Cancer, HIV Infection, Desmoid Tumors, Advanced Solid Tumors, and Aggressive Fibromatosis, among others.

Nirogacestat (Gamma Secretase Inhibitor)

Nirogacestat is an oral, selective, small molecule, gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) in Phase 3 clinical development for patients with desmoid tumors. Gamma secretase is a protease complex that cleaves, or divides, multiple transmembrane protein complexes, including Notch, which, when dysregulated, can play a role in activating pathways that contribute to desmoid tumor growth.

Gamma secretase has also been shown to directly cleave BCMA, a therapeutic target that is highly expressed on multiple myeloma cells. By inhibiting gamma secretase with nirogacestat, membrane-bound BCMA can be preserved, thereby increasing target density while simultaneously reducing levels of soluble BCMA, which may serve as decoy receptors for BCMA-directed therapies. Together, these mechanisms combine to potentially enhance the activity of BCMA therapies and improve outcomes for multiple myeloma patients. SpringWorks is seeking to advance nirogacestat as a cornerstone of multiple myeloma combination therapy in collaboration with industry leaders who are advancing BCMA therapies.

SpringWorks Therapeutics Announces Clinical Collaboration with Pfizer

By Satish October 05, 2020

SpringWorks Therapeutics today announced that the company has entered into a clinical trial collaboration agreement with Pfizer to evaluate SpringWorks Therapeutics’ investigational gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), nirogacestat, in combination with Pfizer’s anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CD3 bispecific antibody, PF‐06863135, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Gamma secretase inhibition prevents the cleavage and shedding of BCMA from the surface of myeloma cells. In preclinical models, nirogacestat has been shown to increase the cell surface density of BCMA and reduce levels of soluble BCMA, thereby enhancing the activity of BCMA-targeted therapies, including CD3 bispecific antibodies.

Saqib Islam, Chief Executive Officer of SpringWorks Therapeutics Said: This collaboration is another important step in continuing to advance our goal of developing nirogacestat as a best-in-class BCMA potentiator, and we are pleased to work with Pfizer to study nirogacestat in combination with PF‐06863135, which has recently demonstrated promising monotherapy clinical data, We now have five collaborations with industry-leading BCMA developers to evaluate nirogacestat in combinations across modalities. We look forward to generating clinical data with our collaborators to further evaluate the ability of nirogacestat to improve outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma.

Under the terms of the agreement, Pfizer will sponsor and conduct the Phase 1b/2 study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of the combination, and will assume all costs associated with the study, other than expenses related to the manufacturing of nirogacestat and certain expenses related to intellectual property rights. Pfizer and SpringWorks Therapeutics will also form a joint development committee to manage the clinical study, which is expected to commence in the first half of 2021.

Chris Boshoff, MD, PhD, Chief Development Officer for Pfizer Oncology at Pfizer Said: Entering into this clinical collaboration is a proud milestone in our strong relationship with SpringWorks,We believe that studying nirogacestat in combination with PF-06863135 could hold significant therapeutic promise for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, and we look forward to working together to advance this important area of research.

In addition to its ongoing clinical collaborations with BCMA-directed therapies, SpringWorks is also currently conducting a global Phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the DeFi Trial) to evaluate nirogacestat in adults with progressing desmoid tumors.

About Nirogacestat

Nirogacestat is an investigational, oral, selective, small molecule gamma secretase inhibitor in Phase 3 clinical development for desmoid tumors, which are rare and often debilitating and disfiguring soft-tissue tumors. Gamma secretase cleaves multiple transmembrane protein complexes, including Notch, which is believed to play a role in activating pathways that contribute to desmoid tumor growth.

In addition, gamma secretase has been shown to directly cleave membrane-bound BCMA, resulting in the release of the BCMA extracellular domain, or ECD, from the cell surface. By inhibiting gamma secretase, membrane-bound BCMA can be preserved, increasing target density while reducing levels of soluble BCMA ECD, which may serve as decoy receptors for BCMA-directed therapies. Nirogacestat’s ability to enhance the activity of BCMA-directed therapies has been observed in preclinical models of multiple myeloma. SpringWorks is evaluating nirogacestat as a BCMA potentiator and has five collaborations with industry-leading BCMA developers to evaluate nirogacestat in combinations across modalities, including with an antibody-drug conjugate, two CAR T cell therapies and two bispecific antibodies. In addition, SpringWorks and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center have entered into a sponsored research agreement to further characterize the ability of nirogacestat to modulate BCMA and potentiate BCMA directed therapies using a variety of preclinical and patient-derived multiple myeloma models developed by researchers at Fred Hutch.

Nirogacestat has received Orphan Drug Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of desmoid tumors (June 2018) and from the European Commission for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (September 2019). The FDA also granted Fast Track and Breakthrough Therapy Designations for the treatment of adult patients with progressive, unresectable, recurrent or refractory desmoid tumors or deep fibromatosis (November 2018 and August 2019).

About PF‐06863135

PF‐06863135 is an anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CD3 bispecific antibody being investigated in a Phase 1 clinical study to treat relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. This bispecific antibody can be administered subcutaneously and has been optimized for binding affinity to both BCMA and CD3, enabling more potent T-cell-mediated tumor cell toxicity.

Source: SpringWorks Therapeutics

FDA Grants Breakthrough Designation to Nirogacestat for Desmoid Tumors

The FDA has granted nirogacestat, an investigational gamma-secretase inhibitor, with a breakthrough therapy designation for the treatment of adult patients with progressive, unresectable, recurrent or refractory desmoid tumors or deep fibromatosis.

The FDA has granted nirogacestat (PF-03084014), an investigational gamma-secretase inhibitor, with a breakthrough therapy designation for the treatment of adult patients with progressive, unresectable, recurrent or refractory desmoid tumors or deep fibromatosis.¹

The breakthrough designation was granted as a result of positive findings seen in phase I and II trials of nirogacestat monotherapy in patients with desmoid tumors. A phase III trial has also been initiated investigating nirogacestat in patients with desmoid tumors or aggressive fibromatosis (NCT03785964).

“We are committed to pursuing the rapid development of nirogacestat given the important need for new therapies for patients with desmoid tumors and are pleased to receive this breakthrough therapy designation,” Saqib Islam, CEO of SpringWorks, the company developing the small molecule inhibitor, said in a statement. “We are currently enrolling adult patients in our phase III DeFi trial and will continue to work closely with the FDA with the goal of bringing nirogacestat to patients as quickly as possible.”

The open-label, single-center phase II trial of nirogacestat enrolled 17 patients with desmoid tumors who were not eligible for surgical resection or definitive radiation therapy and who had experienced disease progression after at least 1 prior treatment regimen. Patients received 150 mg twice per day of continuous, oral nirogacestat in 21-day cycles.²

The median age of patients was 34 years (range, 19-69), 82% of the patients were female, and 53% of patients had aCTNNB1T41A somatic missense mutation. The median number of prior therapies was 4 (range, 1-9), which included cytotoxic chemotherapy in 71% and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in 59%.

Sixteen patients were evaluable for response. After a median follow-up of more than 25 months, 5 patients (29%) achieved a partial response and 11 (65%) had stable disease, for a disease control rate of 100%. Ten patients (59%) remained on treatment with nirogacestat for more than 2 years.

Grade 1/2 adverse events were observed in all patients, with diarrhea (76%) and skin disorders (71%) being the most common toxicities. The only treatment-related grade 3 event was reversible hypophosphatemia, which was reported in 8 patients (47%) and was considered to be a class effect of gamma-secretase inhibitors. Four patients met the criteria for dose reduction.

Findings from the phase I study also showed a disease control rate of 100% with nirogacestat. However, the median progression-free survival was not reached in either study due to a lack of patients progressing on treatment. Only 1 patient discontinued treatment due to an adverse event between the 2 studies.¹

The FDA had previously granted nirogacestat with an orphan drug designation in June 2018 for the treatment of desmoid tumors, and with a fast track designation in November 2018 for the treatment of adult patients with progressive, unresectable, recurrent or refractory desmoid tumors or deep fibromatosis.

References

SpringWorks Therapeutics Receives Breakthrough Therapy Designation for Nirogacestat for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Progressive, Unresectable, Recurrent or Refractory Desmoid Tumors [press release]. Stamford, CT: SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc; August 29, 2019. https://bit.ly/30IV0Eb. Accessed September 3, 2019.
Kummar S, O’Sullivan Coyne G, Do KT, et al. Clinical Activity of the γ-Secretase Inhibitor PF-03084014 in Adults With Desmoid Tumors (Aggressive Fibromatosis).J Clin Oncol.2017;35(14):1561-1569. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.71.1994.

PAPER

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters (2011), 21(9), 2637-40.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960894X10018822

Design, synthesis, and in vivo characterization of a novel series of tetralin amino imidazoles as γ-secretase inhibitors: Discovery of PF-3084014 - ScienceDirect

PATENT

WO 2016089208

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016089208

PATENT

WO-2021029854

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021029854&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION&_cid=P20-KLHIU2-73774-1

Novel, stable crystalline polymorphic (A to N) and amorphous forms of nirogacestat hydrobromide , useful for treating desmoid tumors such as multiple myeloma, a cancer having a mutation in a Notch pathway gene, adenoid cystic carcinoma and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

(S)-2-(((S)-6,8-difluoro-l,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)amino)-N-(l-(2- methyl- l-(neopentylamino) propan-2-yl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl)pentanamide (“Compound 1”) is a gamma-secretase inhibitor which can inhibit Ab-peptide production.

[0003] Not all compounds that are gamma-secretase inhibitors have characteristics affording the best potential to become useful therapeutics. Some of these characteristics include high affinity at the gamma-secretase, duration of gamma-secretase deactivation, oral bioavailability, tissue distribution, and stability (e.g., ability to formulate or crystallize, shelf life). Favorable characteristics can lead to improved safety, tolerability, efficacy, therapeutic index, patient compliance, cost efficiency, manufacturing ease, etc.

[0004] In addition, the isolation and commercial -scale preparation of a solid state form of hydrobromide salts of Compound 1 and corresponding pharmaceutical formulations having acceptable solid state properties (including chemical stability, thermal stability, solubility, hygroscopicity, and/or particle size), compound manufacturability (including yield, impurity rejection during crystallization, filtration properties, drying properties, and milling properties), and formulation feasibility (including stability with respect to pressure or compression forces during tableting) present a number of challenges.

[0005] Accordingly, there is a current need for one or more solid state forms of hydrobromide salts of Compound 1 that have an acceptable balance of these properties and can be used in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable solid dosage forms.

Crystalline Form A

[0147] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to crystalline Form A of a hydrobromide salt of (S)-2-(((S)-6,8-difluoro-l,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)amino)- N-(l -(2 -methyl- l-(neopentylamino) propan-2-yl)-lH-imidazol-4-yl)pentanamide having Formula (I),

[0148] In one embodiment, crystalline Form A is anhydrous.

[0149] In another embodiment, the melting point of crystalline Form A is about 254 °C.

[0150] In another embodiment, Form A is characterized by an XRPD pattern having peaks at 8.8 ± 0.2, 9.8 ± 0.2, and 23.3 ± 0.2 degrees two theta when measured by Cu Ka radiation. In another embodiment, Form A is characterized by an XRPD pattern having peaks at 8.8 ± 0.2, 9.8 ± 0.2, 23.3 ± 0.2, 25.4 ± 0.2, 28.0 ± 0.2, and 29.3 ± 0.2 degrees two theta when measured by Cu Ka radiation. In another embodiment, Form A is characterized by an XRPD pattern having peaks at 8.8 ± 0.2, 9.8 ± 0.2, 20.0 ± 0.2, 23.3 ± 0.2, 25.4 ± 0.2, 28.0 ± 0.2, 29.3 ± 0.2, and 32.5 ± 0.2 degrees two theta when measured by Cu Ka radiation.

Patent

Product case, WO2005092864 ,

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2005092864&_cid=P20-KLHJ1U-75260-1

hold protection in the EU states until March 2025, and expire in the US in February 2026 with US154 extension.

PATENT

WO2020208572 , co-assigned to GSK and SpringWorks, claiming a combination of nirogacestat with anti-BCMA antibody (eg belantamab mafodotin ), for treating cancer.

PATENT

US10590087 , for a prior filing from Pfizer, claiming crystalline forms of nirogacestat hydrobromide.

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US290472602&_cid=P20-KLHIY3-74662-1

////////////NIROGACESTAT, orphan drug designation, esmoid tumors, fast track designation, PF-03084014, PF 03084014, QZ62892OFJ , UNII:QZ62892OFJ ,UNII-QZ62892OFJ, ,нирогацестат , نيروغاسيستات , 尼罗司他 , ニロガセスタット, phase 3

CCCC(C(=O)NC1=CN(C=N1)C(C)(C)CNCC(C)(C)C)NC2CCC3=C(C2)C(=CC(=C3)F)F

Teprotumumab-trbw

January 25, 2020 9:15 am / 1 Comment on Teprotumumab-trbw

Tepezza (teprotumumab-trbw)

Company: Horizon Therapeutics plc
Date of Approval: January 21, 2020
Treatment for: Thyroid Eye Disease

Labels for BLA 761143

UNIIY64GQ0KC0A

CAS number1036734-93-6

R-1507 / R1507 / RG-1507 / RG1507 / RO-4858696 / RO-4858696-000 / RO-4858696000 / RO4858696 / RO4858696-000 / RV-001 / RV001

Tepezza (teprotumumab-trbw) is a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a targeted inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease (TED).

FDA Approves Tepezza (teprotumumab-trbw) for the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) – January 21, 2020

January 21, 2020

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Tepezza (teprotumumab-trbw) for the treatment of adults with thyroid eye disease, a rare condition where the muscles and fatty tissues behind the eye become inflamed, causing the eyes to be pushed forward and bulge outwards (proptosis). Today’s approval represents the first drug approved for the treatment of thyroid eye disease.

“Today’s approval marks an important milestone for the treatment of thyroid eye disease. Currently, there are very limited treatment options for this potentially debilitating disease. This treatment has the potential to alter the course of the disease, potentially sparing patients from needing multiple invasive surgeries by providing an alternative, non surgical treatment option,” said Wiley Chambers, M.D., deputy director of the Division of Transplant and Ophthalmology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Additionally, thyroid eye disease is a rare disease that impacts a small percentage of the population, and for a variety of reasons, treatments for rare diseases are often unavailable. This approval represents important progress in the approval of effective treatments for rare diseases, such as thyroid eye disease.”

Thyroid eye disease is associated with the outward bulging of the eye that can cause a variety of symptoms such as eye pain, double vision, light sensitivity or difficulty closing the eye. This disease impacts a relatively small number of Americans, with more women than men affected. Although this condition impacts relatively few individuals, thyroid eye disease can be incapacitating. For example, the troubling ocular symptoms can lead to the progressive inability of people with thyroid eye disease to perform important daily activities, such as driving or working.

Tepezza was approved based on the results of two studies (Study 1 and 2) consisting of a total of 170 patients with active thyroid eye disease who were randomized to either receive Tepezza or a placebo. Of the patients who were administered Tepezza, 71% in Study 1 and 83% in Study 2 demonstrated a greater than 2 millimeter reduction in proptosis (eye protrusion) as compared to 20% and 10% of subjects who received placebo, respectively.

The most common adverse reactions observed in patients treated with Tepezza are muscle spasm, nausea, alopecia (hair loss), diarrhea, fatigue, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), hearing loss, dry skin, dysgeusia (altered sense of taste) and headache. Tepezza should not be used if pregnant, and women of child-bearing potential should have their pregnancy status verified prior to beginning treatment and should be counseled on pregnancy prevention during treatment and for 6 months following the last dose of Tepezza.

The FDA granted this application Priority Review, in addition to Fast Track and Breakthrough Therapy Designation. Additionally, Tepezza received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases or conditions. Development of this product was also in part supported by the FDA Orphan Products Grants Program, which provides grants for clinical studies on safety and efficacy of products for use in rare diseases or conditions.

The FDA granted the approval of Tepezza to Horizon Therapeutics Ireland DAC.

Teprotumumab (RG-1507), sold under the brand name Tepezza, is a medication used for the treatment of adults with thyroid eye disease, a rare condition where the muscles and fatty tissues behind the eye become inflamed, causing the eyes to be pushed forward and bulge outwards (proptosis).^[1]

The most common adverse reactions observed in people treated with teprotumumab-trbw are muscle spasm, nausea, alopecia (hair loss), diarrhea, fatigue, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), hearing loss, dry skin, dysgeusia (altered sense of taste) and headache.^[1] Teprotumumab-trbw should not be used if pregnant, and women of child-bearing potential should have their pregnancy status verified prior to beginning treatment and should be counseled on pregnancy prevention during treatment and for six months following the last dose of teprotumumab-trbw.^[1]

It is a human monoclonal antibody developed by Genmab and Roche. It binds to IGF-1R.

Teprotumumab was first investigated for the treatment of solid and hematologic tumors, including breast cancer, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer and sarcoma.^[2]^[3] Although results of phase I and early phase II trials showed promise, research for these indications were discontinued in 2009 by Roche. Phase II trials still in progress were allowed to complete, as the development was halted due to business prioritization rather than safety concerns.

Teprotumumab was subsequently licensed to River Vision Development Corporation in 2012 for research in the treatment of ophthalmic conditions. Horizon Pharma (now Horizon Therapeutics, from hereon Horizon) acquired RVDC in 2017, and will continue clinical trials.^[4] It is in phase III trials for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease (TED)) and phase I for diabetic macular edema.^[5] It was granted Breakthrough Therapy, Orphan Drug Status and Fast Track designations by the FDA for Graves’ ophthalmopathy.^[6]

In a multicenter randomized trial in patients with active Graves’ ophthalmopathy Teprotumumab was more effective than placebo in reducing the clinical activity score and proptosis.^[7] In February 2019 Horizon announced results from a phase 3 confirmatory trial evaluating teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease (TED). The study met its primary endpoint, showing more patients treated with teprotumumab compared with placebo had a meaningful improvement in proptosis, or bulging of the eye: 82.9 percent of teprotumumab patients compared to 9.5 percent of placebo patients achieved the primary endpoint of a 2 mm or more reduction in proptosis (p<0.001). Proptosis is the main cause of morbidity in TED. All secondary endpoints were also met and the safety profile was consistent with the phase 2 study of teprotumumab in TED.^[8] On 10th of July 2019 Horizon submitted a Biologics License Application (BLA) to the FDA for teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease (TED). Horizon requested priority review for the application – if so granted (FDA has a 60-day review period to decide) it would result in a max. 6 month review process.^[9]

History[edit]

Teprotumumab-trbw was approved for use in the United States in January 2020, for the treatment of adults with thyroid eye disease.^[1]

Teprotumumab-trbw was approved based on the results of two studies (Study 1 and 2) consisting of a total of 170 patients with active thyroid eye disease who were randomized to either receive teprotumumab-trbw or a placebo.^[1] Of the subjects who were administered Tepezza, 71% in Study 1 and 83% in Study 2 demonstrated a greater than two millimeter reduction in proptosis (eye protrusion) as compared to 20% and 10% of subjects who received placebo, respectively.^[1]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for teprotumumab-trbw fast track designation, breakthrough therapy designation, priority review designation, and orphan drug designation.^[1] The FDA granted the approval of Tepezza to Horizon Therapeutics Ireland DAC.^[1]

References

^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h “FDA approves first treatment for thyroid eye disease”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01868997
^ http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800015801
^ http://www.genmab.com/product-pipeline/products-in-development/teprotumumab
^ http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800015801
^ http://www.genmab.com/product-pipeline/products-in-development/teprotumumab
^ Smith, TJ; Kahaly, GJ; Ezra, DG; Fleming, JC; Dailey, RA; Tang, RA; Harris, GJ; Antonelli, A; Salvi, M; Goldberg, RA; Gigantelli, JW; Couch, SM; Shriver, EM; Hayek, BR; Hink, EM; Woodward, RM; Gabriel, K; Magni, G; Douglas, RS (4 May 2017). “Teprotumumab for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy”. The New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (18): 1748–1761. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1614949. PMC 5718164. PMID 28467880.
^ “Horizon Pharma plc Announces Phase 3 Confirmatory Trial Evaluating Teprotumumab (OPTIC) for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) Met Primary and All Secondary Endpoints”. Horizon Pharma plc. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
^ “Horizon Therapeutics plc Submits Teprotumumab Biologics License Application (BLA) for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)”. Horizon Therapeutics plc. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

External links

“Teprotumumab”. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Teprotumumab
Monoclonal antibody
Type	Whole antibody
Source	Human
Target	IGF-1R
Clinical data
Other names	teprotumumab-trbw, RG-1507
ATC code	none
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Identifiers
CAS Number	1036734-93-6
DrugBank	DB06343
ChemSpider	none
UNII	Y64GQ0KC0A
KEGG	D09680
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1743079
ECHA InfoCard	100.081.384
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₆₄₇₆H₁₀₀₁₂N₁₇₄₈O₂₀₀₀S₄₀
Molar mass	145.6 kg/mol g·mol⁻¹

/////////Teprotumumab-trbw, APPROVALS 2020, FDA 2020, ORPHAN, BLA, fast track designation, breakthrough therapy designation, priority review designation, and orphan drug designation, Tepezza, Horizon Therapeutics, MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY, 2020 APPROVALS, active thyroid eye disease, Teprotumumab

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-thyroid-eye-disease

Beperminogene perplasmid, ベペルミノゲンペルプラスミド

May 10, 2019 10:03 am / Leave a comment

1gctgcttcgc gatgtacggg ccagatatac gcgttgacat tgattattga

51ctagttatta atagtaatca attacggggt cattagttca tagcccatat

101atggagttcc gcgttacata acttacggta aatggcccgc ctggctgacc

151gcccaacgac ccccgcccat tgacgtcaat aatgacgtat gttcccatag

201taacgccaat agggactttc cattgacgtc aatgggtgga gtatttacgg

251taaactgccc acttggcagt acatcaagtg tatcatatgc caagtacgcc

301ccctattgac gtcaatgacg gtaaatggcc cgcctggcat tatgcccagt

351acatgacctt atgggacttt cctacttggc agtacatcta cgtattagtc

401atcgctatta ccatggtgat gcggttttgg cagtacatca atgggcgtgg

451atagcggttt gactcacggg gatttccaag tctccacccc attgacgtca

501atgggagttt gttttggcac caaaatcaac gggactttcc aaaatgtcgt

551aacaactccg ccccattgac gcaaatgggc ggtaggcgtg tacggtggga

601ggtctatata agcagagctc tctggctaac tagagaaccc actgcttact

651ggcttatcga aattaatacg actcactata gggagaccca agctggctag

701cgtttaaact taagcttggt accgagctcg gatccgccag cccgtccagc

751agcaccatgt gggtgaccaa actcctgcca gccctgctgc tgcagcatgt

801cctcctgcat ctcctcctgc tccccatcgc catcccctat gcagagggac

851aaaggaaaag aagaaataca attcatgaat tcaaaaaatc agcaaagact

901accctaatca aaatagatcc agcactgaag ataaaaacca aaaaagtgaa

951tactgcagac caatgtgcta atagatgtac taggaataaa ggacttccat

1001tcacttgcaa ggcttttgtt tttgataaag caagaaaaca atgcctctgg

1051ttccccttca atagcatgtc aagtggagtg aaaaaagaat ttggccatga

1101atttgacctc tatgaaaaca aagactacat tagaaactgc atcattggta

1151aaggacgcag ctacaaggga acagtatcta tcactaagag tggcatcaaa

1201tgtcagccct ggagttccat gataccacac gaacacagct ttttgccttc

1251gagctatcgg ggtaaagacc tacaggaaaa ctactgtcga aatcctcgag

1301gggaagaagg gggaccctgg tgtttcacaa gcaatccaga ggtacgctac

1351gaagtctgtg acattcctca gtgttcagaa gttgaatgca tgacctgcaa

1401tggggagagt tatcgaggtc tcatggatca tacagaatca ggcaagattt

1451gtcagcgctg ggatcatcag acaccacacc ggcacaaatt cttgcctgaa

1501agatatcccg acaagggctt tgatgataat tattgccgca atcccgatgg

1551ccagccgagg ccatggtgct atactcttga ccctcacacc cgctgggagt

1601actgtgcaat taaaacatgc gctgacaata ctatgaatga cactgatgtt

1651cctttggaaa caactgaatg catccaaggt caaggagaag gctacagggg

1701cactgtcaat accatttgga atggaattcc atgtcagcgt tgggattctc

1751agtatcctca cgagcatgac atgactcctg aaaatttcaa gtgcaaggac

1801ctacgagaaa attactgccg aaatccagat gggtctgaat caccctggtg

1851ttttaccact gatccaaaca tccgagttgg ctactgctcc caaattccaa

1901actgtgatat gtcacatgga caagattgtt atcgtgggaa tggcaaaaat

1951tatatgggca acttatccca aacaagatct ggactaacat gttcaatgtg

2001ggacaagaac atggaagact tacatcgtca tatcttctgg gaaccagatg

2051caagtaagct gaatgagaat tactgccgaa atccagatga tgatgctcat

2101ggaccctggt gctacacggg aaatccactc attccttggg attattgccc

2151tatttctcgt tgtgaaggtg ataccacacc tacaatagtc aatttagacc

2201atcccgtaat atcttgtgcc aaaacgaaac aattgcgagt tgtaaatggg

2251attccaacac gaacaaacat aggatggatg gttagtttga gatacagaaa

2301taaacatatc tgcggaggat cattgataaa ggagagttgg gttcttactg

2351cacgacagtg tttcccttct cgagacttga aagattatga agcttggctt

2401ggaattcatg atgtccacgg aagaggagat gagaaatgca aacaggttct

2451caatgtttcc cagctggtat atggccctga aggatcagat ctggttttaa

2501tgaagcttgc caggcctgct gtcctggatg attttgttag tacgattgat

2551ttacctaatt atggatgcac aattcctgaa aagaccagtt gcagtgttta

2601tggctggggc tacactggat tgatcaacta tgatggccta ttacgagtgg

2651cacatctcta tataatggga aatgagaaat gcagccagca tcatcgaggg

2701aaggtgactc tgaatgagtc tgaaatatgt gctggggctg aaaagattgg

2751atcaggacca tgtgaggggg attatggtgg cccacttgtt tgtgagcaac

2801ataaaatgag aatggttctt ggtgtcattg ttcctggtcg tggatgtgcc

2851attccaaatc gtcctggtat ttttgtccga gtagcatatt atgcaaaatg

2901gatacacaaa attattttaa catataaggt accacagtca tagctgttaa

2951cccgggtcga agcggccgct cgagtctaga gggcccgttt aaacccgctg

3001atcagcctcg actgtgcctt ctagttgcca gccatctgtt gtttgcccct

3051cccccgtgcc ttccttgacc ctggaaggtg ccactcccac tgtcctttcc

3101taataaaatg aggaaattgc atcgcattgt ctgagtaggt gtcattctat

3151tctggggggt ggggtggggc aggacagcaa gggggaggat tgggaagaca

3201atagcaggca tgctggggat gcggtgggct ctatggcttc tactgggcgg

3251ttttatggac agcaagcgaa ccggaattgc cagctggggc gccctctggt

3301aaggttggga agccctgcaa agtaaactgg atggctttct tgccgccaag

3351gatctgatgg cgcaggggat caagctctga tcaagagaca ggatgaggat

3401cgtttcgcat gattgaacaa gatggattgc acgcaggttc tccggccgct

3451tgggtggaga ggctattcgg ctatgactgg gcacaacaga caatcggctg

3501ctctgatgcc gccgtgttcc ggctgtcagc gcaggggcgc ccggttcttt

3551ttgtcaagac cgacctgtcc ggtgccctga atgaactgca agacgaggca

3601gcgcggctat cgtggctggc cacgacgggc gttccttgcg cagctgtgct

3651cgacgttgtc actgaagcgg gaagggactg gctgctattg ggcgaagtgc

3701cggggcagga tctcctgtca tctcaccttg ctcctgccga gaaagtatcc

3751atcatggctg atgcaatgcg gcggctgcat acgcttgatc cggctacctg

3801cccattcgac caccaagcga aacatcgcat cgagcgagca cgtactcgga

3851tggaagccgg tcttgtcgat caggatgatc tggacgaaga gcatcagggg

3901ctcgcgccag ccgaactgtt cgccaggctc aaggcgagca tgcccgacgg

3951cgaggatctc gtcgtgaccc atggcgatgc ctgcttgccg aatatcatgg

4001tggaaaatgg ccgcttttct ggattcatcg actgtggccg gctgggtgtg

4051gcggaccgct atcaggacat agcgttggct acccgtgata ttgctgaaga

4101gcttggcggc gaatgggctg accgcttcct cgtgctttac ggtatcgccg

4151ctcccgattc gcagcgcatc gccttctatc gccttcttga cgagttcttc

4201tgaattatta acgcttacaa tttcctgatg cggtattttc tccttacgca

4251tctgtgcggt atttcacacc gcatcaggtg gcacttttcg gggaaatgtg

4301cgcggaaccc ctatttgttt atttttctaa atacattcaa atatgtatcc

4351gctcatgaga caataaccct gataaatgct tcaataatag cacgtgctaa

4401aacttcattt ttaatttaaa aggatctagg tgaagatcct ttttgataat

4451ctcatgacca aaatccctta acgtgagttt tcgttccact gagcgtcaga

4501ccccgtagaa aagatcaaag gatcttcttg agatcctttt tttctgcgcg

4551taatctgctg cttgcaaaca aaaaaaccac cgctaccagc ggtggtttgt

4601ttgccggatc aagagctacc aactcttttt ccgaaggtaa ctggcttcag

4651cagagcgcag ataccaaata ctgttcttct agtgtagccg tagttaggcc

4701accacttcaa gaactctgta gcaccgccta catacctcgc tctgctaatc

4751ctgttaccag tggctgctgc cagtggcgat aagtcgtgtc ttaccgggtt

4801ggactcaaga cgatagttac cggataaggc gcagcggtcg ggctgaacgg

4851ggggttcgtg cacacagccc agcttggagc gaacgaccta caccgaactg

4901agatacctac agcgtgagct atgagaaagc gccacgcttc ccgaagggag

4951aaaggcggac aggtatccgg taagcggcag ggtcggaaca ggagagcgca

5001cgagggagct tccaggggga aacgcctggt atctttatag tcctgtcggg

5051tttcgccacc tctgacttga gcgtcgattt ttgtgatgct cgtcaggggg

5101gcggagccta tggaaaaacg ccagcaacgc ggccttttta cggttcctgg

5151ccttttgctg gccttttgct cacatgttct t

Beperminogene perplasmid

ベペルミノゲンペルプラスミド

HGF plasmid

DNA (human hepatocyte growth factor plasmid pVAX1 cDNA)
DNA (plasmid pVAX1HGF/MGBI)
AMG-0001
DS-992

Nucleic Acid Sequence

Sequence Length: 51811342 a 1223 c 1314 g 1302 t

APPROVED, japan 2019, Collategene, 2019/3/29

Antiparkinsonian, Angiogenesis inducing agent

CAS: 627861-07-8

Originator AnGes MG
Developer AnGes MG; Osaka University Hospital
Class Antiparkinsonians; Gene therapies; Ischaemic heart disorder therapies; Vascular disorder therapies
Mechanism of Action Angiogenesis inducing agents; Gene transference; Hepatocyte growth factor expression stimulants

Available For Licensing Yes – Ischaemic heart disorders; Lymphoedema; Parkinson’s disease

Registered Peripheral arterial disorders
Phase I/II Lymphoedema
No development reported Arteriosclerosis obliterans; Ischaemic heart disorders; Parkinson’s disease; Thromboangiitis obliterans

26 Mar 2019 Registered for Peripheral arterial disorders in Japan (IM)
21 Feb 2019 The Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council recommends conditional and time-limited approval of beperminogene perplasmid for the improvement of ulcers associated with chronic peripheral arterial disease
21 Feb 2019 AnGes plans a clinical study to assess the efficacy of beperminogene perplasmid in improvement of pain at rest in chronic peripheral arterial disorders
In 2010, the product received fast track designation in the U.S. for the treatment of critical limb ischemia

HGF Plasmid （Beperminogene Perplasmid）Critical Limb Ischemia (Arteriosclerosis Obliterans & Buerger’s Disease) AMG0001 Injection, JAPAN AND US ALLIANCE Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma

PATENT

WO 2017126488

US 20170283446

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy (2014), 12(10), 1145-1156.

////////////Beperminogene perplasmid, japan 2019, ベペルミノゲンペルプラスミド , AnGes MG, Osaka University Hospital, Critical Limb Ischemia, Arteriosclerosis Obliterans, Buerger’s Disease, AMG0001, AMG-0001, DS-992 , HGF plasmid , fast track designation

Plazomicin sulfate, プラゾマイシン硫酸塩 ,

August 28, 2018 9:47 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | Plazomicin | C25H48N6O10

Plazomicin

Molecular FormulaC₂₅H₄₈N₆O₁₀
Average mass592.683 Da

(2S)-4-Amino-N-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-4-{[(2S,3R)-3-amino-6-{[(2-hydroxyéthyl)amino]méthyl}-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-2-{[3-désoxy-4-C-méthyl-3-(méthylamino)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl]oxy}-3-hyd roxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide [French][ACD/IUPAC Name]

1154757-24-0 [RN]

9522

ACHN-490

Plazomicin sulfate.png

Image result for Plazomicin sulfate

Plazomicin Sulfate

Molecular Formula:	C₂₅H₅₀N₆O₁₄S
Molecular Weight:	690.763 g/mol

Plazomicin Sulfate; UNII-A78L6MT746; Plazomicin Sulfate [USAN]; A78L6MT746; 1380078-95-4; Plazomicin sulfate (USAN),

ACHN 490 sulfate

6′-(hydroxylethyl)-1-(haba)-sisomicin

Plazomicin is a neoglycoside antibiotic with activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negive pathogens. Plazomicin showed potent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

Mechanism of ActionProtein synthesis inhibitors

Orphan Drug StatusNo
New Molecular EntityYes

Highest Development Phases

MarketedUrinary tract infections
RegisteredPyelonephritis
PreregistrationBacteraemia; Nosocomial pneumonia
PreclinicalGram-negative infections
No development reportedRespiratory tract infections; Tularaemia; Yersinia infections

Most Recent Events

27 Jun 2018Registered for Pyelonephritis (Treatment-resistant) in USA (IV)- First Global Approval
27 Jun 2018Registered for Urinary tract infections (Treatment-resistant) in USA (IV)- First Global Approval
26 Jun 2018Achaogen receives complete response letter from the FDA for Plazomicin in Bloodstream infection

Synonyms: O-2-Amino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-6-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-α-D-glycero-hex-4-enopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-[3-deoxy-4-C-methyl-3-(methylamino)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-N1-[(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxobutyl]-2-deoxy-D-streptamine; ACHN 490;

CAS Number: 1154757-24-0

Sulfate 1380078-95-4, プラゾマイシン硫酸塩;

Achaogen (USA)Phase II completed

Mol. Formula: C25H48N6O10

Aminoglycosides, Broad-spectrum,

Mol. Weight: 592.68

FDA

Click to access 210303Orig1s000lbl.pdf

Developed by Achaogen biopharmaceuticals, plazomicin is a next-generation aminoglycoside synthetically derived from [DB12604]. The structure of plazomicin was established via appending hydroxylaminobutyric acid to [DB12604] at position 1 and 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 6′ [A33942]. It was designed to evade all clinically relevant aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, which contribute to the main resistance mechanism for aminoglycoside therapy [A33942]. However, acquired resistance of aminoglycosides may arise through over expression of efflux pumps and ribosomal modification by bacteria, which results from amino acid or rRNA sequence mutations [A33942]. Like other aminoglycosides, plazomicin is ineffective against bacterial isolates that produce 16S rRNA methyltransferases [FDA Label]. Plazomicin mediates the antibacterial activity against pathogens including carbapenem-resistant (CRE) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing _Enterobacteriaceae_. It mediates the antibacterial activity by binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting protein synthesis [FDA Label]. On June 28th, 2018, plazomicin sulfate was approved by the FDA for use in adult patients for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including Pyelonephritis. It is marketed as Zemdri and is administered via once-daily intravenous infusion.

Developed by Achaogen biopharmaceuticals, plazomicin is a next-generation aminoglycoside synthetically derived from Sisomicin. The structure of plazomicin was established via appending hydroxylaminobutyric acid to Sisomicin at position 1 and 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 6′ ^[1]. It was designed to evade all clinically relevant aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, which contribute to the main resistance mechanism for aminoglycoside therapy ^[1]. However, acquired resistance of aminoglycosides may arise through over expression of efflux pumps and ribosomal modification by bacteria, which results from amino acid or rRNA sequence mutations ^[1]. Like other aminoglycosides, plazomicin is ineffective against bacterial isolates that produce 16S rRNA methyltransferases ^[Label]. Plazomicin mediates the antibacterial activity against pathogens including carbapenem-resistant (CRE) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae. It mediates the antibacterial activity by binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting protein synthesis ^[Label]. On June 28th, 2018, plazomicin sulfate was approved by the FDA for use in adult patients for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including Pyelonephritis. It is marketed as Zemdri and is administered via once-daily intravenous infusion.

Plazomicin (INN,^[1] ZEMDRI) is a next-generation aminoglycoside (“neoglycoside”) antibacterial derived from sisomicin by appending a hydroxy-aminobutyric acid (HABA) substituent at position 1 and a hydroxyethyl substituent at position 6′.^[2]^[3]

Plazomicin has been reported to demonstrate in vitro synergistic activity when combined with daptomycin or ceftobiprole versus methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and against Pseudomonas aeruginosawhen combined with cefepime, doripenem, imipenem or piperacillin/tazobactam.^[3] It also demonstrates potent in vitro activity versus carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.^[4]

In 2012, U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted fast track designation for the development and regulatory review of plazomicin.^[5]

It is being developed by Achaogen, Inc. to treat serious bacterial infections due to multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)^[6] and was in Phase III clinical trials as of April 7, 2016.^[7]

In June 2018 the FDA approved plazomicin (ZEMDRI) for adults with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), including pyelonephritis, caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Enterobacter cloacae, in patients who have limited or no alternative treatment options. Zemdri is an intravenous infusion, administered once daily.^[8]^[9] The FDA declined approval for treating bloodstream infections due to lack of effectiveness.^[10]

To continue the development of plazomicin, the company has received a contract option of US$ 60M from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) to support a global Phase III clinical study. The study will evaluate plazomicin in treating patients with serious Gram-negative bacterial infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The study is expected to start in the fourth quarter of 2013 [4].

PATENT

WO 2009067692

WO 2010132770

PAPER

Synthesis and spectrum of the neoglycoside ACHN-490
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2010), 54, (11), 4636-4642

https://aac.asm.org/content/54/11/4636

FIG. 1.

FIG. 2.

FIG. 3.

PAPER

Plazomicin Retains Antibiotic Activity against Most Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes
ACS Infectious Diseases (2018), 4, (6), 980-987.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00001

PAPER

Effects of the 1-N-(4-Amino-2S-hydroxybutyryl) and 6′-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Substituents on Ribosomal Selectivity, Cochleotoxicity, and Antibacterial Activity in the Sisomicin Class of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
ACS Infectious Diseases (2018), 4, (7), 1114-1120.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00052

Syntheses of the 6′-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) and 1-N-(4-amino-2S-hydroxybutyryl) derivatives of the 4,6-aminoglycoside sisomicin and that of the doubly modified 1-N-(4-amino-2S-hydroxybutyryl)-6′-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) derivative known as plazomicin are reported together with their antibacterial and antiribosomal activities and selectivities. The 6′-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) modification results in a moderate increase in prokaryotic/eukaryotic ribosomal selectivity, whereas the 1-N-(4-amino-2S-hydroxybutyryl) modification has the opposite effect. When combined in plazomicin, the effects of the two groups on ribosomal selectivity cancel each other out, leading to the prediction that plazomicin will exhibit ototoxicity comparable to those of the parent and the current clinical aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin and tobramycin, as borne out by ex vivo studies with mouse cochlear explants. The 6′-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) modification restores antibacterial activity in the presence of the AAC(6′) aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, while the 1-N-(4-amino-2S-hydroxybutyryl) modification overcomes resistance to the AAC(2′) class but is still affected to some extent by the AAC(3) class. Neither modification is able to circumvent the ArmA ribosomal methyltransferase-induced aminoglycoside resistance. The use of phenyltriazenyl protection for the secondary amino group of sisomicin facilitates the synthesis of each derivative and their characterization through the provision of sharp NMR spectra for all intermediates.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00052/suppl_file/id8b00052_si_001.pdf

4 (19 mg, 40%). [α]D 25 = +46.5 (c = 0.01, H2O);

1 H NMR (600 MHz, D2O): δ 5.51 ( s, 1H, H-1ʹ), 5.16 (t, J = 3.5 Hz, H, H-4ʹ), 4.99 (d , J = 4.0 Hz, 1H, H-1ʹʹ), 4.11 (dd , J =9.4 Hz, 3.9 Hz, 1H, CH(OH)CH2CH2), 4.00 (d , J = 12.8 Hz, 1H, H-5ʹʹ), 3.99-3.93 (m, 1H, H-1), 3.84 (dd, J = 11.0 Hz, 4.0 Hz, 1H, H-2ʹʹ), 3.81 (t, J = 9.9 Hz, 1H, H-4), 3.77 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H, H-2ʹ), 3.71 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H, NHCH2CH2O), 3.69 – 3.65 (m, 2H, H-6, H-6ʹ), 3.64 – 3.44 (m , 2H, H-5, H-6ʹ), 3.35 – 3.26 (m , 1H, H-3), 3.24 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H, H-5ʹʹ), 3.15 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H, H-3ʹʹ), 3.09 – 3.06 (m, 2H, NHCH2CH2O), 3.01 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H, CH(OH)CH2CH2), 2.74 (s, 3H, NCH3), 2.58 – 2.52 (m, 1H, H-3ʹ), 2.29 – 2.24 (m, 1H, H-3ʹ), 2.07 (dt, J = 13.2 Hz, 4.4 Hz, 1H, H-2), 2.04 – 1.98 (m, 1H, CH(OH)CH2CH2), 1.84 – 1.79 (m, 1H, CH(OH)CH2CH2), 1.64 (q, 1H, J = 12.5 Hz, H-2), 1.17 (s, 3H, 4ʹʹ-CH3);

13C NMR (151 MHz, D2O): δ 181.2 (s, CH3COOH), 175.4 (s, NHCO), 141.7 (s, C-5ʹ), 102.5 (s, C-4ʹ), 98.0 (s, C-1ʹʹ), 96.9 (s, C-1ʹ), 79.8 (s, C-4), 78.8 (s, C-6), 73.8 (s, C-5), 69.8 (s, C-4ʹʹ), 69.4 (s, CH(OH)CH2CH2), 66.8 (s, C-5ʹʹ), 65.9 (s, C-2ʹʹ), 64.2 (s, C-3ʹʹ), 56.4 (s, NHCH2CH2O), 48.8 (s, C-1), 48.31 (s, NHCH2CH2O), 48.26 (s, C-3), 47.9 (s, C-6ʹ), 45.9 (s, C2ʹ), 36.8 (s, CH(OH)CH2CH2), 34.9 (s, NCH3), 30.7 (s, CH(OH)CH2CH2), 30.4 (s, C-2), 23.1 (s, CH3COOH), 23.0 (s, C-3ʹ), 20.8 (s, 4ʹʹ-CH3).

ESI-HRMS: m/z calcd. for C25H49N6O10 [M+H]+ 593.3510, found: 593.3481.

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/US20100099661

Common Intermediates Sisomicin

Amberlite IRA-400 (OH form) (200 g) was washed with MeOH (3×200 m1). To a stirring suspension of the washed resin in MeOH (150 mL) was added sisomicin sulfate (20.0 g, 0.029 mol) and the mixture was stirred overnight. The resin was then filtered and washed with MeOH (100 mL) and the combined organic layers were concentrated to dryness to yield the desired sisomicin (11.57 g, 0.026 mol, 89.6% yield): MS m/e [M+H]⁺ calcd 448.3, found 448.1.

Example 1 6′-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-1-(4-amino-2(S)-hydroxy-butyryl)-sisomicin

6′-(2-tert-Butyldimethylsililoxy-ethyl)-2′,3,3″-triBoc-1-(N-Boc-4-amino-2(S)-hydroxy-butyryl)-sisomicin

2′,3,3″-triBoc-1-(N-Boc-4-amino-2(S)-hydroxy-butyryl)-sisomicin (0.10 g, 0.105 mmol) was treated with tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy acetaldehyde following Procedure 1-Method A to yield the desired 6′-(2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-ethyl)-2′,3,3″-triBoc-1-(N-Boc-4-amino-2(S)-hydroxy-butyryl)-sisomicin (MS m/e [M+H]⁺ calcd 1107.6, found 1107.4), which was carried through to the next step without further purification.

6′-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-1-(4-amino-2(S)-hydroxy-butyryl)-sisomicin

6′ -(2-tert-butyldimethylsililoxy-ethyl)-2′,3,3″-triBoc-1-(N-Boc-4-amino-2(S)-hydroxy-butyryl)-sisomicin (0.105 mmol) was submitted to Procedure 3-Method B for Boc removal to yield a crude, which was purified by RP HPLC Method 1-Column A to yield 6′-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1-(4-amino-2(S)-hydroxy-butyryl)-sisomicin: MS m/e [M+H]⁺ calcd 593.3, found 593.2, [M+Na]⁺615.3 ; CLND 97.5% purity.

Achaogen. Study for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection and acute pyelonephritis.Available online: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01096849 (accessed on 11 April 2013).
Zhanel, G.G.; Lawson, C.D.; Zelenitsky, S.; Findlay, B.; Schweizer, F.; Adam, H.; Walkty, A.; Rubinstein, E.; Gin, A.S.; Hoban, D.J.; et al. Comparison of the next-generation aminoglycoside plazomicin to gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin. Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 2012, 10, 459–473, doi:10.1586/eri.12.25.
Endimiani, A.; Hujer, K.M.; Hujer, A.M.; Armstrong, E.S.; Choudhary, Y.; Aggen, J.B.; Bonomo, R.A. ACHN-490, a neoglycoside with potent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009, 53, 4504–4507.
Achaogen. Achaogen pipeline. Available online: http://www.achaogen.com (accessed on 30 August 2012).
Achaogen. Achaogen Awarded $60M Contract Option by BARDA for the Clinical Development of Plazomicin. Available online: http://www.achaogen.com/news/151/15 (accessed on 19 June 2013).
Achaogen. Achaogen announces all objectives met in Phase 2 Plazomicin complicated urinary tract infections study and start of first-in-human study with ACHN-975. Available online: http://www.achaogen.com/uploads/news/id148/Achaogen_PressRelease_2012–05–15.pdf (accessed on 10 April 2013).
Achaogen. Achaogen Announces Agreement with FDA on a Special Protocol Assessment for a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of Plazomicin to Treat Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE); Achaogen: San Francisco, CA, USA, 2013.
Comparison of the next-generation aminoglycoside plazomicin to gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin
US2010099661

4-23-2010

ANTIBACTERIAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANALOGS


US2010099661	4-23-2010	ANTIBACTERIAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANALOGS

Patent ID	Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US9688711	ANTIBACTERIAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANALOGS	2016-01-20
US9266919	ANTIBACTERIAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANALOGS	2014-07-17	2015-02-12

Patent ID	Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US8383596	ANTIBACTERIAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANALOGS	2010-04-22
US8822424	Antibacterial aminoglycoside analogs	2013-01-04	2014-09-02
US2012208781	AMINOGLYCOSIDE DOSING REGIMENS	2011-11-11	2012-08-16
US2012214759	TREATMENT OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE COMPOUNDS	2011-11-11	2012-08-23
US2012214760	TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE COMPOUNDS	2011-11-11	2012-08-23

US8318685	Nov 14, 2011	Nov 27, 2012	Achaogen, Inc.	Antibacterial aminoglycoside analogs
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References

Jump up^ “WHO Drug Information, Vol. 26, No. 3, 2012. International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Recommended International Nonproprietary Names: List 68”(PDF). World Health Organization. p. 314. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
Jump up^ Aggen, JB; Armstrong, ES; Goldblum, AA; Dozzo, P; Linsell, MS; Gliedt, MJ; Hildebrandt, DJ; Feeney, LA; Kubo, A; Matias, RD; Lopez, S; Gomez, M; Wlasichuk, KB; Diokno, R; Miller, GH; Moser, HE (30 August 2010). “Synthesis and Spectrum of the Neoglycoside ACHN-490” (PDF). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 54 (11): 4636–4642. doi:10.1128/AAC.00572-10. PMC 2976124 . PMID 20805391. Retrieved 27 April2016.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Zhanel, GG; Lawson, CD; Zelenitsky, S; Findlay, B; Schweizer, F; Adam, H; Walkty, A; Rubinstein, E; Gin, AS; Hoban, DJ; Lynch, JP; Karlowsky, JA (10 January 2014). “Comparison of the Next-Generation Aminoglycoside Plazomicin to Gentamicin, Tobramycin and Amikacin”. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 10 (4): 459–73. doi:10.1586/eri.12.25. PMID 22512755.
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Plazomicin
Names

IUPAC name (2S)-4-Amino-N-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-4-[[(2S,3R)-3-amino-6-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide
Other names 6′-(hydroxylethyl)-1-(HABA)-sisomicin
Identifiers
CAS Number	1154757-24-0
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1650559
ChemSpider	26390008
KEGG	D10151
PubChem CID	42613186
UNII	LYO9XZ250J
InChI [show]
SMILES [show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C₂₅H₄₈N₆O
Molar mass	592.683 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F],

Achaogen is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company passionately committed to the discovery, development, and commercialization of novel antibacterials to treat multi-drug resistant, or MDR, gram-negative infections.

Achaogen (a-KAY-o-jen) is developing plazomicin, its lead product candidate, for the treatment of serious bacterial infections due to MDR Enterobacteriaceae, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, or CRE. In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified CRE as a “nightmare bacteria” and an immediate public health threat that requires “urgent and aggressive action.” We expect to initiate a Phase 3 superiority trial of plazomicin in the first quarter of 2014.

CRE are one of many types of MDR gram-negative pathogens threatening patients. Bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae each pose “serious” resistance threats, according to the CDC, and also drive a great need for new, safe, and effective antibiotics. We have assembled the chemistry and microbiology expertise and capabilities required to develop new agents for the treatment of gram-negative infections. Plazomicin was the first clinical candidate from our gram-negative antibiotic discovery engine. In addition, our research and development pipeline includes two antipseudomonal programs targeting P. aeruginosa—a program to discover and develop small molecule inhibitors of LpxC, which is an enzyme essential for the synthesis of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and a therapeutic antibody program. We are also pursuing small molecule research programs targeting other essential gram-negative enzymes.

Achaogen has built an exceptional research and development team with deep expertise in the discovery and development of new drugs from research through commercialization. Our executive team has over 60 years of combined industry experience, and a proven track record of leadership, global registration, and lifecycle management for over 20 products. Our facility is located on the shores of the San Francisco Bay, ten minutes from the San Francisco International Airport, and only fifteen minutes from downtown San Francisco.

Image result for Plazomicin sulfate

ZEMDRITM (plazomicin) Approved by FDA for the Treatment of Adults with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI)

https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/06/26/1529573/0/en/ZEMDRITM-plazomicin-Approved-by-FDA-for-the-Treatment-of-Adults-with-Complicated-Urinary-Tract-Infections-cUTI.html

― ZEMDRI is a new treatment for patients with cUTI, including pyelonephritis, due to certain Enterobacteriaceae ―

― ZEMDRI is the only once-daily aminoglycoside therapy approved for use in cUTI ―

― ZEMDRI has microbiological activity against pathogens designated by the CDC as urgent and serious public health threats, including carbapenem-resistant (CRE) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Enterobacteriaceae ―

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., June 26, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Achaogen, Inc. (NASDAQ:AKAO), a biopharmaceutical company developing and commercializing innovative antibacterial agents to address multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative infections, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved ZEMDRI™ (plazomicin) for adults with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), including pyelonephritis, caused by certain Enterobacteriaceae in patients who have limited or no alternative treatment options. ZEMDRI is an intravenous infusion, administered once daily.

“The approval of ZEMDRI marks a significant milestone for Achaogen and we are excited to offer healthcare practitioners a new treatment option for patients with certain serious bacterial infections. ZEMDRI is designed to retain its potent activity in the face of certain difficult-to-treat MDR infections, including CRE and ESBL- producing Enterobacteriaceae,” said Blake Wise, Achaogen’s Chief Executive Officer. “Today’s milestone was made possible by our employees, by patients and investigators involved in our clinical trials, and by BARDA, who contributed significant funding for the development of ZEMDRI. This marks an important step in our commitment to fighting MDR bacteria and we are excited to launch ZEMDRI, a much needed once-daily antibiotic.”

“Bacteria continue to circumvent existing antibiotics, making certain infections notoriously hard to treat and putting some patients at high risk for mortality,” said James A. McKinnell, Assistant Professor of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine and LA Biomed at Harbor-UCLA. “Aminoglycosides are a familiar and very effective class of antibiotics. I look forward to adding plazomicin to my short list of available treatment options and to its potential impact on patient outcomes.”

Regarding the potential indication for plazomicin for the treatment of bloodstream infection (BSI), the FDA issued a Complete Response Letter (CRL) stating that the CARE study does not provide substantial evidence of effectiveness of plazomicin for the treatment of BSI. The Company intends to meet with the FDA to determine whether there is a feasible resolution to address the CRL.

Achaogen will work with hospitals, providers, and insurers to ensure patients are able to receive this treatment. Patients, physicians, pharmacists, or other healthcare professionals with questions about ZEMDRI should contact 1.833.252.6400 or visit www.ZEMDRI.com.

ZEMDRI Phase 3 Clinical Results
The approval of ZEMDRI is supported in part by data from the EPIC (Evaluating Plazomicin In cUTI) clinical trial, which was the first randomized controlled study of once-daily aminoglycoside therapy for the treatment of cUTI, including pyelonephritis.

In the Phase 3 EPIC cUTI trial, ZEMDRI demonstrated non-inferiority to meropenem for the co-primary efficacy endpoints of composite cure (clinical cure and microbiological eradication) in the microbiological modified intent-to-treat (mMITT; N=388) population at Day 5 and test-of-cure (TOC) visit (Day 17 + 2). Composite cure rates at Day 5 were 88.0% (168/191) for ZEMDRI vs 91.4% (180/197) for meropenem (difference -3.4%, 95% CI, -10.0 to 3.1). Composite cure rates at TOC were 81.7% (156/191) for ZEMDRI vs 70.1% (138/197) for meropenem (difference 11.6%, 95% CI, 2.7 to 20.3). Composite cure at the TOC visit in patients with concomitant bacteremia at baseline was achieved in 72.0% (18/25) of patients in the ZEMDRI group and 56.5% (13/23) of patients in the meropenem group. The most common side effects (≥1% of patients treated with ZEMDRI) were decreased kidney function, diarrhea, hypertension, headache, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension.¹

The FDA approved a breakpoint of <= 2 mcg/mL; greater than 99% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae in U.S. surveillance are susceptible to Zemdri when applying this breakpoint.²

About cUTI
cUTI is defined as a UTI occurring in a patient with an underlying complicating factor of the genitourinary tract, such as a structural or functional abnormality.³ Patients with pyelonephritis, regardless of underlying abnormalities of the urinary tract, are considered a subset of patients with cUTI.⁴ An estimated 3 million cases of cUTI are treated in the hospital setting in the US each year.⁵ Enterobacteriaceae are the most common pathogens causing cUTIs⁶, and resistance within this family is a global concern. High rates of resistance to previous mainstays of therapy necessitate alternative treatment options. Ineffectively managed cUTI can lead to increased treatment failure rates, recurrence of infection, increased re-hospitalization, and increased morbidity and mortality. cUTI infections place an economic burden on hospitals and payers.^6,7

About ZEMDRI
ZEMDRI is an aminoglycoside with once-daily dosing that has activity against certain Enterobacteriaceae, including CRE and ESBL- producing Enterobacteriaceae. Achaogen’s EPIC clinical trial successfully evaluated the safety and efficacy of ZEMDRI in adult patients with cUTI, including pyelonephritis. ZEMDRI was engineered to overcome aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, the most common aminoglycoside-resistance mechanism in Enterobacteriaceae, and has in vitro activity against ESBL- producing, aminoglycoside- resistant, and carbapenem- resistant isolates. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has characterized ESBL- producing Enterobacteriaceae as a “serious threat” and CRE as “nightmare bacteria”, which is an immediate public health threat that requires urgent and aggressive action.

Working in the Lab

Achaogen, Inc.

Blake Wise, Chief Executive Officer at Achaogen

Achaogen, Inc.

High-Resolution Achaogen company logo

Achaogen, Inc.

/////////Plazomicin, ZEMDRI, FDA 2018, fast track designation, Plazomicin SULFATE, ACHN 490 sulfate, cUTI, Achaogen

CC1(COC(C(C1NC)O)OC2C(CC(C(C2O)OC3C(CC=C(O3)CNCCO)N)N)NC(=O)C(CCN)O)O

CN[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O[C@H]3OC(CNCCO)=CC[C@H]3N)[C@@H]2O)NC(=O)[C@@H](O)CCN)OC[C@]1(C)O

FDA approves first drug Epidiolex (cannabidiol) comprised of an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy

June 26, 2018 1:04 am / 1 Comment on FDA approves first drug Epidiolex (cannabidiol) comprised of an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy

FDA approves first drug comprised of an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Epidiolex (cannabidiol) [CBD] oral solution for the treatment of seizures associated with two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, in patients two years of age and older. This is the first FDA-approved drug that contains a purified drug substance derived from marijuana. It is also the first FDA approval of a drug for the treatment of patients with Dravet syndrome.

June 25, 2018

Release

CBD is a chemical component of the Cannabis sativa plant, more commonly known as marijuana. However, CBD does not cause intoxication or euphoria (the “high”) that comes from tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

It is THC (and not CBD) that is the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.

“This approval serves as a reminder that advancing sound development programs that properly evaluate active ingredients contained in marijuana can lead to important medical therapies. And, the FDA is committed to this kind of careful scientific research and drug development,” said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D. “Controlled clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of a drug, along with careful review through the FDA’s drug approval process, is the most appropriate way to bring marijuana-derived treatments to patients. Because of the adequate and well-controlled clinical studies that supported this approval, prescribers can have confidence in the drug’s uniform strength and consistent delivery that support appropriate dosing needed for treating patients with these complex and serious epilepsy syndromes. We’ll continue to support rigorous scientific research on the potential medical uses of marijuana-derived products and work with product developers who are interested in bringing patients safe and effective, high quality products. But, at the same time, we are prepared to take action when we see the illegal marketing of CBD-containing products with serious, unproven medical claims. Marketing unapproved products, with uncertain dosages and formulations can keep patients from accessing appropriate, recognized therapies to treat serious and even fatal diseases.”

Dravet syndrome is a rare genetic condition that appears during the first year of life with frequent fever-related seizures (febrile seizures). Later, other types of seizures typically arise, including myoclonic seizures (involuntary muscle spasms). Additionally, status epilepticus, a potentially life-threatening state of continuous seizure activity requiring emergency medical care, may occur. Children with Dravet syndrome typically experience poor development of language and motor skills, hyperactivity and difficulty relating to others.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome begins in childhood. It is characterized by multiple types of seizures. People with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome begin having frequent seizures in early childhood, usually between ages 3 and 5. More than three-quarters of affected individuals have tonic seizures, which cause the muscles to contract uncontrollably. Almost all children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome develop learning problems and intellectual disability. Many also have delayed development of motor skills such as sitting and crawling. Most people with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome require help with usual activities of daily living.

“The difficult-to-control seizures that patients with Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome experience have a profound impact on these patients’ quality of life,” said Billy Dunn, M.D., director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “In addition to another important treatment option for Lennox-Gastaut patients, this first-ever approval of a drug specifically for Dravet patients will provide a significant and needed improvement in the therapeutic approach to caring for people with this condition.”

Epidiolex’s effectiveness was studied in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 516 patients with either Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome. Epidiolex, taken along with other medications, was shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of seizures when compared with placebo.

The most common side effects that occurred in Epidiolex-treated patients in the clinical trials were: sleepiness, sedation and lethargy; elevated liver enzymes; decreased appetite; diarrhea; rash; fatigue, malaise and weakness; insomnia, sleep disorder and poor quality sleep; and infections.

Epidiolex must be dispensed with a patient Medication Guide that describes important information about the drug’s uses and risks. As is true for all drugs that treat epilepsy, the most serious risks include thoughts about suicide, attempts to commit suicide, feelings of agitation, new or worsening depression, aggression and panic attacks. Epidiolex also caused liver injury, generally mild, but raising the possibility of rare, but more severe injury. More severe liver injury can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, jaundice and/or dark urine.

Under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), CBD is currently a Schedule I substance because it is a chemical component of the cannabis plant. In support of this application, the company conducted nonclinical and clinical studies to assess the abuse potential of CBD.

The FDA prepares and transmits, through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, a medical and scientific analysis of substances subject to scheduling, like CBD, and provides recommendations to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) regarding controls under the CSA. DEA is required to make a scheduling determination.

The FDA granted Priority Review designation for this application. Fast-Track designation was granted for Dravet syndrome. Orphan Drug designation was granted for both the Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome indications.

The FDA granted approval of Epidiolex to GW Research Ltd.

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/////////// Epidiolex, cannabidiol, fda 2018, Dravet syndrome, epilepsy, Priority Review , Fast-Track designation, Orphan Drug designation

VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

June 8, 2018 1:28 pm / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | Vorapaxar | C29H33FN2O4

VORAPAXAR

Thrombosis, Antiplatelet Therapy, PAR1 Antagonists , MERCK ..ORIGINATOR

Ethyl N-[(3R,3aS,4S,4aR,7R,8aR,9aR)-4-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridyl]vinyl]-3-methyl-1-oxo-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-decahydro-3H-benzo[f]isobenzofuran-7-yl]carbamate

Carbamic acid, [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-, ethyl ester

Carbamic acid, N-[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-, ethyl ester

Ethyl [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridinyl]vinyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamate

Ethyl ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethenyl)- 1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)carbamate

Carbamic acid, ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl)ethenyl)dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)-, ethyl ester

618385-01-6 CAS NO FREE FORM

CAS Number: 705260-08-8 SULPHATE

Has antiplatelet activity.

Also known as: SCH-530348, MK-5348

Molecular Formula: C₂₉H₃₃FN₂O₄

Molecular Weight: 492.581723

ZCE93644N2

UNII-ZCE93644N2
Zontivity

Registered – 2015 MERCK Thrombosis

Vorapaxar (formerly SCH 530348) is a thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor, PAR-1) antagonist based on the natural product himbacine. Discovered by Schering-Plough and currently being developed by Merck & Co., it is an experimental pharmaceutical treatment for acute coronary syndrome chest pain caused by coronary artery disease.^[1]

In January 2011, clinical trials being conducted by Merck were halted for patients with stroke and mild heart conditions.^[2] In a randomized double-blinded trial comparing vorapaxar with placebo in addition to standard therapy in 12,944 patients who had acute coronary syndromes, there was no significant reduction in a composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, or urgent coronary revascularization. However, there was increased risk of major bleeding.^[3]

A trial published in February 2012, found no change in all cause mortality while decreasing the risk of cardiac death and increasing the risk of major bleeding.^[4]

SCH-530348 is a protease-activated thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist developed by Schering-Plough and waiting for approval in U.S. for the oral secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with a history of heart attack and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. The drug candidate is being investigated to determine its potential to provide clinical benefit without the liability of increased bleeding; a tendency associated with drugs that block thromboxane or ADP pathways. In April 2006, SCH-530348 was granted fast track designation in the U.S. for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality outcomes in at-risk patients.

Vorapaxar was recommended for FDA approval on January 15, 2014.^[5]

Vorapaxar is a protease-activated thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist developed by Schering-Plough (now, Merck & Co.) and approved in the U.S. in 2014 for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or with peripheral arterial disease. However, in 2018 Aralez discontinued U.S. commercial operations. In 2015, the product was approved in the E.U. for the reduction of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with a history of myocardial infarction. In April 2006, vorapaxar was granted fast track designation in the U.S. for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality outcomes in at-risk patients. In 2016, Aralez Pharmaceuticals acquired the U.S. and Canadian rights to the product pursuant to an asset purchase agreement entered into between this company and Merck & Co.

Merck & Co (following its acquisition of Schering-Plough) has developed and launched vorapaxar (Zontivity; SCH-530348; MK-5348), an oral antagonist of the thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1; PAR1); the product is marketed in the US by Aralez Pharmaceuticals

WO-03089428, published in October 2003, claims naphtho[2,3-c]furan-3-one derivatives as thrombin receptor antagonists. WO-03033501 and WO-0196330, published in April 2003 and December 2001, respectively, claim himbacine analogs as thrombin receptor antagonists. WO-9926943 published in June 1999 claims tricyclic compounds as thrombin receptor antagonists

VORAPAXAR

17 JAN 2014
FDA advisory panel votes to approve Merck & Co’s vorapaxar REF 6

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/204886Orig1s000ChemR.pdf

Zontivity (vorapaxar) tablets NDA 204886

VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

2D chemical structure of 705260-08-8

CAS Number: 705260-08-8 SULPHATE

Molecular Formula: C29H33FN2O4.H2O4S

Molecular Weight: 590.7

Chemical Name: Ethyl [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2- yl]ethenyl]-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamate sulfate

Synonyms: Carbamic acid, [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-,ethyl ester,sulfate; SCH-530348

Vorapaxar Sulfate (SCH 530348) a thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist for the prevention and treatment of atherothrombosis.

POLYMORPH

U.S.Pat. No. 7,304,078 discloses Vorapaxar base. U.S.Pat. No. 7,235,567 discloses Polymorph I and II of vorapaxar sulphate

CN 106478608 provides a crystalline polymorph A

EMA

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002814/WC500183331.pdf

Atherosclerosis and ischemic cardiovascular (CV) diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD) are progressive systemic disorders in which clinical events are precipitated by episodes of vascular thrombosis. Patients with an established history of atherothrombotic or athero-ischemic disease are at particular risk of future cardiac or cerebral events, and vascular death. Anti-thrombotic therapy options in patients with stable atherosclerosis are not well-established. Long-term therapies to effectively modulate the key components responsible for atherothrombosis in secondary prevention of ischemic CV disease are therefore required. Vorapaxar is a first – in – class selective antagonist of the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), the primary thrombin receptor on human platelets, which mediates the downstream effects of this critical coagulation factor in hemostasis and thrombosis. Thrombin-induced platelet activation has been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular disorders including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). As an antagonist of PAR-1, vorapaxar blocks thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation and thereby has the potential to reduce the risk of atherothrombotic complications of coronary disease. The applicant has investigated whether a new class of antiplatelet agents, PAR-1 antagonists, can further decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in a population of established atherothrombosis when added to standard of care, in secondary prevention of ischemic diseases. The following therapeutic indication has been submitted for vorapaxar: Vorapaxar is indicated for the reduction of atherothrombotic events in patients with a history of MI. Vorapaxar has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, and urgent coronary revascularization. Vorapaxar will be contraindicated in patients with a history of stroke or TIA. The indication sought in the current application is supported by the efficacy results of the TRA 2P-TIMI, which is considered the pivotal trial for this indication. During the procedure, the applicant requested the possibility of extending the indication initially sought for, to extend it to the population of PAD patients. This request was discussed at the CHMP and not accepted by the Committee.

Introduction The finished product is presented as immediate release film-coated tablets containing 2.5 mg of vorapaxar sulfate as active substance per tablet, corresponding to 2.08 mg vorapaxar. Other ingredients are: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose (E460), croscarmellose sodium (E468), povidone (E1201) , magnesium stearate (E572), hypromellose (E464), titanium dioxide (E171), triacetin (glycerol triacetate) (E1518), iron oxide yellow (E172), as described in section 6.1 of the SmPC. The product is available in Aluminium–Aluminium blisters (Alu-Alu) as described in section 6.5 of the SmPC.

General information The chemical name of the active substance vorapaxar sulfate is ethyl[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)- -9-{(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethen-1-yl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c] furan-6-yl]carbamate sulfate, corresponding to the molecular formula C29H33FN2O4 • H2SO4 and has a relative molecular mass 590.7. It has the following structure:

The structure of the active substance has been confirmed by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, all of which support the chemical structure elemental analysis. It appears as a white to off-white, slightly hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in methanol and slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone but insoluble to practically insoluble in aqueous solutions at pH above 3.0. The highest solubility in aqueous solution can be achieved at pH 1.0 or in simulated gastric fluids at pH 1.4. The dissociation constant of vorapaxar sulfate was determined to be pKa = 4.7 and its partition coefficient LogP was determined to be 5.1. Vorapaxar sulfate contains seven chiral centers and a trans double bond. The seven chiral centres are defined by the manufacturing process of one of the intermediates in the vorapaxar synthesis and potential enantiomers are controlled by appropriate specifications. The cis-isomer of the double bond is controlled by a highly stereo-specific process reaction resulting in non-detectable levels of cis-isomer impurity. The cis-isomer impurity is controlled in one of the intermediates as an unspecified impurity. A single crystalline stable anhydrous form has been observed.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

SIMILAR NATURAL PRODUCT

+ HIMBACINE

(+)-Himbacine ~98% (GC), powder, muscarinic receptor antagonist

Himbacine is an alkaloid muscarinic receptor antagonist displaying more potent activity associated with M2 and M2 subtypes over M1 or M3. Observations show himbacine bound tightly to various chimeric receptors in COS-7 cells as well as possessed the ability to bind to cardiac muscarinic receptors allosterically. Recent studies have produced series of thrombin receptor (PAR1) antagonists derived from himbacine Himbacine is an inhibitor of mAChR M2 and mAChR M4.

Technical Information

Physical State:	Solid
Derived from:	Australian pine Galbulimima baccata
Solubility:	Soluble in ethanol (50 mg/ml), methanol, and dichloromethane. Insoluble in water.
Storage:	Store at -20° C
Melting Point:	132-134 °C
Boiling Point:	469.65 °C at 760 mmHg
Density:	1.08 g/cm³
Refractive Index:	n²⁰_D 1.57
Optical Activity:	α20/D +51.4º, c = 1.01 in chloroform

Application:	An alkaloid muscarinic receptor antagonist
CAS Number:	6879-74-9

Molecular Weight:	345.5
Molecular Formula:	C₂₂H₃₅NO₂

General scheme:

PATENT

WO 2006076415

WO 2006076452

WO 2003089428

US 6063847

CN 107540564

WO 2008005344

CN 106749138

PATENT

CN 105348241 prepn

Example 1:

[0027] The steel shed amide (300mg, 7. 93mmol) and 15 blood THF was added to 100 blood Ξ jar. The starting material II (2.OOg, 5. 89mmol) was dissolved in 15mL of THF dropwise via pressure-equalizing dropping funnel to the reaction system, the process temperature will produce a large number of bubbles -2 ~ 0 ° C, in the process, Lan mix of about 0.1 until no bubbles generate. THF solution containing 13 Blood Ship (0.75 Yap, 2. 95mmol) is transferred to a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel. It was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. After the completion of dropwise continue to embrace mix ratio. After the treatment, at 0 ° C under 0.8 blood, Imol / L 1 fat slowly dropped into the embrace mixed reaction system, after adding the right amount of water, acetic acid extraction. The combined organic phase with Imol / L of 0H (17mLX3) washing the organic phase coating. Tu brine, dried over anhydrous sulfate steel, 25 ° C under reduced pressure to spin dry to give 1. 75g light yellow oil, yield 91%.

[0028] After the content was determined using the external standard method, first prepared by a qualified reference determine its content, W this as a standard substance, measuring the external standard method to get the content of 99%.

[0029] Zan NMR: (400MHz, CD3CN):… 5 46 of r, 1H), 4 70 (td, 1H), 4 03 based 2H), 3 69-3 57 (m, 2 Η).. , 3. 45-3. 32 (based, IH), 2. 77 (br, IH), 2. 61-2. 51 (m, IH), 2. 49-2. 39 (m, 1 field, 2 30 of r IH), 2 .12-1. 92 (m, IH), 1. 87 (dt, IH), 1. 81-1. 72 (m, IH), 1. 61-1. 50 ( …. m, IH), 1 48 (d, 3H), 1 23-1 09 (m, 7H), 1. 05-0 90 (m, 2H);

[0030] MS (ES +) m / z: 326. 24 [M + + field.

[Cited 00] Example 2:

[003 cited the steel shed amide (312mg, 8. 25mmol) and 16 blood THF was added to the lOOmL Ξ jar. The starting material II (2.OOg, 5. 89mmol) was dissolved in 15mL of THF dropwise via pressure-equalizing dropping funnel to the reaction system, the process temperature will produce a large number of bubbles -2 ~ -5 ° C, in the process and takes about 45min mix until no bubbles generate. The 13 ships of blood containing 60g, 2. 36mmol) in THF solution was transferred to a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel. It was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. After the completion of dropwise continue to embrace mix ratio. After the treatment, at 0 ° C under 0.8 blood, Imol / L 1 fat slowly dropped into the embrace mixed reaction system, after adding the right amount of water, acetic acid extraction. The combined organic phase with llmol / L of 0H (17mLX3) washing the organic phase coating. Tu brine, dried over anhydrous sulfate steel, 25 ° C under reduced pressure to spin dry to give 1. 65g light yellow oil.

[0033] Determination of Reference Example 1 in an amount of 98.7%.

[0034] MS (ES +) m / z: 326. 24 [M + + field.

[003 cited Example 3:

[0036] 50 single jar of blood, condenser. Intermediate inb (l.〇〇g, 3. 07mmol) was dissolved in 10ml of dichloromethane burn during and after the blood was added to a 50-port flask, make dioxide of 32g, 3.68mmol), the reaction of reflux. After completion of the reaction by TLC, cooled to 20 ~ 25 ° C after suction filtration, the filter cake rinsed with methylene burning (the X3 3 blood), at 30 ° CW and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. To the residue was added 5 blood acetic acid, at 20 ~ 25 ° C after mixing 0. embrace of suction, the resulting cake was vacuum dried at 30 ° C 10 ~ 12h. Give 0. 87g of white solid.

[0037] Electric NMR: (400MHz, CD3CN):. 9 74 oriented 1H), 5 40 of r, 1H), 4 77-4.66 (m, 1H), 4 09-3 98 (m, 2H…. ), 3. 49-3. 37 (m, IH), 2. 75-2. 64 (m, 2H), 2. 55-2. 48 (m, IH), 1. 95-1. 87 (m , 2H), 1. 89-1 .77 (m, 2H), 1. 61-1. 49 (m, IH), 1. 32-1. 13 (m, 9H), 1. 08-0. 82 (m, 2H);

[0038] MS (ES +) m / z: 324. 33 [M + + field.

PATENT

CN 106478608 crystal

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106478608A/en

The present invention provides a crystalline polymorph A one kind of the compound of formula I:

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing a crystalline polymorph of compound A I,

Which comprising, a) the compound II is dissolved in acetonitrile and stirred to form a mixture; b) heating the mixture to 50 ° C ~ 70 ° C; c) adding sulfuric acid to the heated mixture; d) evaluating the temperature was lowered to 0 ° C ~ 20 ° C, seeded and stirred to precipitate crystals.

Preparation [0042] A crystalline polymorph of the compound of Example 1 I

Compound II (1. 0g) was dissolved in 5. 0ml of acetonitrile, stirred and heated to 50 ° C ~ 70 ° C was added and this temperature was added 1.2ml 2N H2S04 / acetonitrile solution and then lowering the temperature of the system to 15 ° C ~ 20 ° C, the system was added to the appropriate amount of seed crystals and stirred for 2h, the precipitated solid was filtered and the cake washed twice with 2. 5ml of acetonitrile to give a white solid, the white solid was placed under 40 ° C desolventizing 2 hours and then dried at 80 ° C for vacuo to give a white solid 0. 83 g, 69. 3% yield, HPLC:. 99 94%. A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum shown in Figure 1, a DSC endothermic curve shown in Figure 2, which HPLC profile shown in Fig.

PATENT

CN 201510551080

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106478608A/en

PATENT

WO 2009093972 synthesis

https://encrypted.google.com/patents/WO2009093972A1?cl=ko&hl=en&output=html_text

Clip

Vorapaxar sulfate (Zontivity)
Merck Sharp & Dohme successfully obtained approval in the EU in 2014 for vorapaxar sulfate, marketed as Zontivity. The drug is a first-in-class thrombin receptor (also referred to as a protease-activated or PAR-1) antagonist which, when used in conjunction with antiplatelet therapy, has been shown to reduce the chance of
myocardial infarction and stroke, particularly in patients with a history of cardiac events.277

Antagonism of PAR-1 allows for thrombin-mediated fibrin deposition while blocking thrombinmediated platelet activation.277 Although a variety of papers and patents describe the synthesis of vorapaxar sulfate (XXXVII),278–282 a combination of two patents describe the largest-scale synthesis reported in the literature, and this is depicted in Scheme 52.

Retrosynthetically, the drug can be divided into olefination partners 306 and 305.283,284 Lactone 305
is further derived from synthons 300 and 299, which are readily prepared from commercially available starting materials. Dienyl acid 300 was constructed in two steps starting from commercial vinyl bromide 307, which first undergoes a Heck reaction with methacrylate (308) followed by saponification of the ester to afford the desired acid 300 in 71% over two steps (Scheme 53).

The synthesis of alcohol 299 begins with tetrahydropyranyl (THP) protection of enantioenriched alcohol 295 to afford butyne 297 (Scheme 52). Lithiation of this system followed by trapping with (benzyloxy)chloroformate and Dowex work-up to remove the protective functionality provided acetyl ester 298. Hydrogenation of the alkyne with Lindlar’s catalyst delivered cis-allylic alcohol 299 in 93% yield. Acid 300 was then esterified with alcohol 299 by way of a 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling and, upon heating in refluxing xylenes, an intramolecular Diels–
Alder reaction occurred. Subsequent subjection to DBU secured the tricyclic system 301 in 38% over three steps as a single enantiomer.
Diastereoselective hydrogenation reduced the olefin with concomitant benzyl removal to give key fragment 302. Next, acidic revelation of the ketone followed by reductive amination with ammonium formate delivered primary amines 303a/303b as a mixture of diastereomers. These amines were then converted to the corresponding carbamates, and resolution by means of recrystallization yielded 50% of 304 as the desired diastereomer. Acid 304
was treated with oxalyl chloride and the resulting acid chloride was reduced to aldehyde 305 in 66% overall yield. Finally, deprotonation of phosphonate ester 306 (whose synthesis is described in Scheme 54) followed by careful addition of 305 and acidic quench delivered vorapaxar sulfate (XXXVII) in excellent yield over the
two-step protocol.

The preparation of vorapaxar phosponate ester 306 (Scheme 54)commenced from commercial sources of 5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpyridine (310). Removal of the methyl proton with LDA followed by quench with diethyl chlorophosphonate resulted in phosponate ester 306.

277. Frampton, J. E. Drugs 2015, 75, 797.
278. Chackalamannil, S.; Wang, Y.; Greenlee, W. J.; Hu, Z.; Xia, Y.; Ahn, H.; Boykow,G.; Hsieh, Y.; Palamanda, J.; Agans-Fantuzzi, J.; Kurowski, S.; Graziano, M.;Chintala, M. J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 3061.
279. Sudhakar, A.; Kwok, D.; Wu, G. G.; Green, M. D. WO Patent 2006076452A2,2006.

280. Wu, G. G.; Sudhakar, A.; Wang, T.; Ji, X.; Chen, F. X.; Poirier, M.; Huang, M.;Sabesan, V.; Kwok, D.; Cui, J.; Yang, X.; Thiruvengadam, T.; Liao, J.; Zavialov, I.;Nguyen, H. N.; Lim, N. K. WO Patent 2006076415A2, 2006.
281. Yong, K. H.; Zavialov, I. A.; Yin, J.; Fu, X.; Thiruvengadam, T. K. US Patent20080004449A1, 2008.
282. Chackalamannil, S.; Clasby, M.; Greenlee, W. J.; Wang, Y.; Xia, Y.; Veltri, E.;Chelliah, M. WO Patent 03089428A1, 2003.
283. Thiruven-Gadam, T. K.; Wang, T.; Liao, J.; Chiu, J. S.; Tsai, D. J. S.; Lee, H.; Wu,W.; Xiaoyong, F. WO Patent 2006076564A1, 2006.
284. Chackalamannil, S.; Asberon, T.;Xia, Y.; Doller, D.; Clasby, M. C.; Czarniecki,M. F. US Patent 6,063,847, 2000.

PRODUCT PATENT

SYNTHESIS

WO2003089428A1

Inventor Samuel Chackalamannil Martin C. Clasby William J. Greenlee Yuguang Wang Yan Xia Enrico P. Veltri Mariappan Chelliah Wenxue Wu

Original Assignee Schering Corporation

Priority date 2002-04-16

THE EXACT BELOW COMPD IS 14

Example 2

Step 1 :

Phosphonate 7, described in US 6,063,847, (3.27 g, 8.1 mmol) was dissolved in THF (12 ml) and C(O)Oled to 0 °C, followed by addition of 2.5 M n- BuLi (3.2 ml, 8.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min and warmed up to rt. A solution of aldehyde 6, described in US 6,063,847, in THF (12 ml) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. Standard aqueous work-up, followed by column chromatography (30-50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 8. ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 0.92-1.38 (m, 31 H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.90 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.89 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.28-6.41 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H), 8.19 (br s, 1 H). Step 2:

Compound 8 (2.64 g, 4.8 mmol) was dissolved in THF (48 ml). The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C followed by addition of 1 M TBAF (4.8 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min followed by standard aqueous work-up. Column chromatography (50% EtOAc/hexane) afforded product 9 (1.9 g, 100%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 1 H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.18- 6.45 (m, 2H), 7.19 (br s, 2H), 8.19 (br s, 1 H). Step 3:

To a solution of compound 9 (250 mg, 0.65 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml) C(O)Oled to 0 °C was added Tf₂O (295 μL, 2.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt. Standard aqueous work-up followed by column chromatography afforded product 10 (270 mg, 80%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 1 H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.42-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1 H), 7.55 (m, 1 H), 8.49 (d, J= 2.8 Hz, 1 H).

Compound 10 (560 mg, 1.1 mmol), 3-fluorophenyl boronic acid (180 mg, 1.3 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (500 mg, 3.6 mmol) were mixed with toluene (4.4 ml), H₂O (1.5 ml) and EtOH (0.7 ml) in a sealed tube. Under an atmosphere of N₂, Pd(Ph₃P)₄ (110 mg, 0.13 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled down to rt, poured to EtOAc (30 ml) and washed with water (2X20 ml). The EtOAc solution was dried with NaHCO₃ and concentrated at reduced pressure to give a residue. Preparative TLC separation of the residue (50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 11 (445 mg, 89%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.59 (m, 6H), 1.43 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.52-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.44 (m, 1 H), 7.81 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1 H). Step 5:

Compound 11 (445 mg, 0.96 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of acetone (10 ml) and 1 N HCI (10 ml). The reaction mixture was heated at 50 °C for 1 h.

Standard aqueous work-up followed by preparative TLC separation (50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 12 (356 mg, 89%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.21-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.47 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 3H), 1.58-1.65 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 1 H), 2.18-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.35- 2.51 (m, 5H), 2.71 (m, 1 H), 4.79 (m, 1 H), 6.52-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.44 (m, 1 H), 7.81 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1 H). Step 6:

Compound 12 (500 mg, 4.2 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (40 ml) and CH₂CI₂ (15 ml) NH₃ (g) was bubbled into the solution for 5 min. The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C followed by addition of Ti(O/^‘Pr)₄ (1.89 ml, 6.3 mmol). After stirring at 0 °C for 1 h, 1 M TiCI (6.3 ml, 6.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in CH₃OH (10 ml) and NaBH₃CN (510 mg, 8 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt. The reaction mixture was poured to 1 N NaOH (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3x 100 ml). The organic layer was combined and dried with NaHC0₃. Removal of solvent and separation by PTLC (5% 2 M NH₃ in CH₃OH/ CH₂CI₂) afforded β-13 (spot 1 , 30 mg, 6%) and α-13 (spot 2, 98 mg, 20%). β-13: ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.50-1.38 (m, 5H), 1.42 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.51-1.75 (m, 5H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m, 1 H), 2.45 (m, 1 H), 3.38 (br s, 1 H), 4.78 (m, 1 H), 6.59 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (m, 1 H), 7.82 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 2 Hz, 1 H). α-13:¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 0.95 (m, 2H), 1.02-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 4H), 2.37 (m; 2H), 2.69 (m, 2H), 4.71 (m, 1 H), 6.71 (m, 2H), 7.11 (m, 1 H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (m, 1 H), 7.80 (m, 1 H), 8.76 (d, J= 1.6 Hz, 1 H). Step 7:

Compound α-13 (300 mg, 0.71 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂CI₂ (10 ml) followed by addition of Et₃N (0.9 ml). The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C and ethyl chloroformate (0.5 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was directly separated by preparative TLC (EtOAc/ hexane, 1 :1) to give the title compound (14) VORAPAXAR (300 mg, 86%). MS m/z 493 (M+1).

HRMS Calcd for C₂₉H₃₄N₂O₄F (M+1 ): 493.2503, found 493.2509.

PATENT

SYNTHESIS 1

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006076564A1

VORAPAXAR= COMPD A

Example 6 – Preparation of Compound A

To a three-neck flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen inertion was added 7A (13.0 g), THF (30 mL). The mixture was cooled to below -20⁰C after which lithium diisopropylamide (2M, 20 mL) was slowly added. The reaction mixture was agitated for an additional hour (Solution A). To another flask was added 6 (10.0 g) and THF (75 mL) . The mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes and then slowly transferred into the solution A while maintaining the temperature below 20⁰C. The mixture was stirred at below -20⁰C for an additional hour before quenching the reaction by adding 20 mL of water. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0⁰C and the pH was adjusted to about 7 by addition of 25% HaSO₄ (11 mL). The mixture was further warmed to 20⁰C and then diluted with 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 70 mL of water. The two phases that had formed were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The solvents THF and ethyl acetate were then replaced with ethanol, and the Compound A was precipitated out as a crystalline solid from ethanol with seeding at 35 to 4O⁰C. After cooling to O⁰C, the suspension was stirred for an additional hour and then the product was filtered and washed with cold ethanol. The product was dried at 50 – 60⁰C under vacuum to provide an off-white solid. VORAPAXAR

Yield: 12.7 g, (90%). m.p. 104.9⁰C (DSC onset point).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.88 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, IH), 8.10 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.4 Hz, IH), 7.64 (IH), 7.61 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, IH), 7.55 (m, J = 8.2, 6.2 Hz, IH), 7.51 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 7.25 (dt, J = 9.0, 2.3 Hz, IH), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 6.68 (dd, J = 15.4, 9.4 Hz, IH), 6.58 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, IH), 4.85 (dd, J = 14.2, 7.2 Hz, IH), 3.95 (dd, J = 14.2, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (m, IH), 2.66 (m, J = 12.0, 6.4 Hz, IH), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 4H), 1.30 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 3H), 1.19 (m, 4H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.98 (m, IH), 0.84 (m, IH). MS (EI) m/z: calcd. 492, found 492.

BISULPHATE SALT

Example 7 – Preparation of an Acid Salt (bisulfate) of Compound A:

Compound IA (5 g) was dissolved in about 25 mL of acetonitrile.

The solution was agitated for about 10 minutes and then heated to about 50 ⁰C. About 6 mL of 2M sulfuric acid in acetonitrile was added into the heated reaction mixture. The solid salt of Compound A precipitated out during the addition of sulfuric acid in acetonitrile. After addition of sulfuric acid solution, the reaction mixture was agitated for 1 hour before cooling to room temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered and washed with about 30 mL of acetonitrile. The wet solid was dried under vacuum at room temperature for 1 hour and at 80 ⁰C for about 12 hours to provide about 5 g white solid (yield 85%). m.p. 217.0 ⁰C. ¹H NMR (DMSO) 9.04 (s, IH), 8.60 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.10 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J = 10.4, IH), 7.71 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.60 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.8 Hz, IH), 7.34 (dd, 8.4, 1.8 Hz, IH), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 7.02 (m, IH), 6.69 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, IH), 4.82 (m, IH), 3.94 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (brs, IH), 2.68 (m, IH), 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.27 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (m, 2H), 1.13 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (m, IH, 0.85 (m, IH). MS (EI) m/z calcd. 590, found 492.

INTERMEDIATE 6

Example 5- Preparation of Compound 6

To a three-neck flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen inert were added the crude product solution of Compound 5 (containing about 31 g. of Compound 5 in 300 mL solution) and anhydrous DMF (0.05 mL). After the mixture was agitated for 5 minutes, oxalyl chloride (12.2 mL) was added slowly while maintaining the batch temperature between 15 and 25°C. The reaction mixture was agitated for about an hour after the addition and checked by NMR for completion of reaction. After the reaction was judged complete, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to 135 mL while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture below 30⁰C. The excess oxalyl chloride was removed completely by two cycles of vacuum concentration at below 50⁰C with replenishment of toluene (315 mL) each time, resulting in a final volume of 68 mL. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 15 to 25°C, after which THF (160 mL) and 2,6-lutidine (22 mL) were added. The mixture was agitated for 16 hours at 20 to 25°C under 100 psi hydrogen in the presence of dry 5% Pd/C (9.0 g). After the reaction was judged complete, the reaction mixture was filtered through celite to remove catalyst. More THF was added to rinse the hydrogenator and catalyst, and the reaction mixture was again filtered through celite. Combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum at below 25°C to 315 mL. MTBE (158 mL) and 10% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid (158 mL) were added for a thorough extraction at 10⁰C to remove 2,6- lutidine. Then phosphoric acid was removed by extracting the organic layer with very dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (about 2%), which was followed by a washing with dilute brine. The organic solution was concentrated atmospherically to a volume of 90 mL for solvent replacement. IPA (315 mL) was added to the concentrated crude product solution. The remaining residual solvent was purged to <_ 0.5% of THF (by GC) by repeated concentration under vacuum to 68 mL, with replenishment of IPA (315 mL) before each concentration. The concentrated (68 mL) IPA solution was heated to 50°C, to initiate crystallization. To this mixture n-heptane (68 mL) was added very slowly while maintaining the batch temperature at 50°C. The crystallizing mixture was cooled very slowly over 2.5 hours to 25°C. Additional n- heptane (34 mL) was added very slowly into the suspension mixture at 25⁰C. The mixture was further cooled to 20⁰C, and aged at that temperature for about 20 hours. The solid was filtered and washed with a solvent mixture of 25% IPA in n-heptane, and then dried to provide

19.5 g of a beige colored solid of Compound 6. (Yield: 66%) m.p. 169.3⁰C. IH NMR (CD₃CN) δ 9.74 (d, J = 3.03 Hz, IH), 5.42 (br, IH), 4.69 (m, IH), 4.03 (q, J = 7.02 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (qt, J = 3.80, 7.84 Hz, IH), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.50 (dt, J = 3.00, 8.52 Hz, IH), 1.93 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (dt, J = 3.28, 9.75 Hz, 2H), 1.54 (qd, J = 3.00, 10.5 Hz, IH), 1.27 (d, J = 5.97 Hz, 3H), 1.20 (m, 6H), 1.03 – 0.92 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z (M⁺+1): calcd. 324, found 324.

INTERMEDIATE 7A

Example 4 – Preparation of Compound 7A

+ 1-Pr₂NLi + (EtO)₂POCI – + LiCI

To a 10 L three-necked round bottomed flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and a nitrogen inlet tube, was added 20Og of

Compound 8 (1.07 mol, from Synergetica, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). THF (1000 mL) was added to dissolve Compound 8. After the solution was cooled to -80 ⁰C to -50 ⁰C, 2.0 M LDA in hexane/THF(1175 mL, 2.2 eq) was added while maintaining the batch temperature below -50 ⁰C. After about 15 minutes of agitation at -80⁰C to -50 ⁰C, diethyl chlorophosphate (185 mL, 1.2 eq) was added while maintaining the batch temperature below -50 ⁰C. The mixture was agitated at a temperature from -80⁰C to – 50 ⁰C for about 15 minutes and diluted with n-heptane (1000 mL). This mixture was warmed up to about -35 ⁰C and quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride (400 g in 1400 mL water) at a temperature below -10 ⁰C. This mixture was agitated at -15⁰C to -10 ⁰C for about 15 minutes followed by agitation at 15⁰C to 25 ⁰C for about 15 minutes. The aqueous layer was split and extracted with toluene (400 mL). The combined organic layers were extracted with 2N hydrochloric acid (700 mL) twice. The product-containing hydrochloric acid layers were combined and added slowly to a mixture of toluene (1200 mL) and aqueous potassium carbonate (300 g in 800 mL water) at a temperature below 30 ⁰C. The aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (1200 mL). The organic layers were combined and concentrated under vacuum to about 600 ml and filtered to remove inorganic salts. To the filtrate was added n-heptane (1000 ml) at about 55 ⁰C. The mixture was cooled slowly to 40 ⁰C, seeded, and cooled further slowly to -10 ⁰C. The resulting slurry was aged at about -10 ⁰C for 1 h, filtered, washed with n- heptane, and dried under vacuum to give a light brown solid (294 g, 85% yield), m.p. 52 ⁰C (DSC onset point).¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.73 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, IH), 7.85 (dd, Ji = 8.0 Hz, J₂ = 1.5 Hz, IH), 7.49 (dd, Ji = 8.0 Hz, J₂ = 1.3 Hz, IH), 7.42 (m, IH), 7.32 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.24 (m, IH), 7.08 (dt, Ji = 8.3 Hz, J₂ = 2.3 Hz, IH), 4.09 (m, 4H), 3.48 (d, J = 22.0 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H). MS (ESI) for M+H calcd. 324, found 324.

Example 3 – Preparation of Compound 5:

4 5

To a three-necked round bottomed flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and a nitrogen inlet tube was added a solution of Compound 4 in aqueous ethanol (100 g active in 2870 ml). The solution was concentrated to about 700 ml under reduced pressure at 35⁰C to 40°C to remove ethyl alcohol. The resultant homogeneous mixture was cooled to 20⁰C to 30⁰C and its pH was adjusted to range from 12 to 13 with 250 ml of 25% sodium hydroxide solution while maintaining the temperature at 20-30⁰C. Then 82 ml of ethyl chloroformate was slowly added to the batch over a period of 1 hour while maintaining the batch temperature from 20⁰C to 30⁰C and aged for an additional 30 minutes. After the reaction was judged complete, the batch was acidified to pH 7 to 8 with 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%) and 750 ml of ethyl acetate. The pH of the reaction mixture was further adjusted to pH 2 to 3 with 35% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted again with 750 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed twice with water (200 ml) . Compound 5 was isolated from the organic layer by crystallization from ethyl acetate and heptane mixture (1: 1 mixture, 1500 ml) at about 70⁰C to 80 ⁰C. The solid was filtered at 50⁰C to 60 °C, washed with heptane and then dried to provide an off-white solid (yield 50%). m.p. 197.7°C. ¹HNMR (CD₃CN) δ 5.31 (brs, IH), 4.67 (dt, J = 16.1, 5.9 Hz, IH), 4.03 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (m, IH), 2.55 – 2.70 (m, 2H), 1.87 – 1.92 (m, IH), 1.32 – 1.42 (m, IH), 1.30 (d, J = 5.92 Hz, 3H), 1.30 – 1.25 (m, 6H), 0.98 (qt, J = 15.7, 3.18 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) M+l m/z calculated 340, found 340.

Example 2 – Preparation of Compound 4;

3 4

7.4 kg of ammonium formate was dissolved in 9L of water at 15- 25⁰C, and then cooled to 0-10⁰C. 8.9 kg of Compound 3 was charged at 0-15⁰C followed by an addition of 89L of 2B ethyl alcohol. The batch was cooled to 0-5⁰C 0.9 kg of 10% Palladium on carbon (50% wet) and 9 L of water were charged. The batch was then warmed to 18-28⁰C and agitated for 5 hours, while maintaining the temperature between 18-28 ⁰C. After the reaction was judged complete, 7 IL of water was charged. The batch was filtered and the wet catalyst cake was then washed with 8OL of water. The pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 1-2 with 4N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The solution was used in the next process step without further isolation. The yield is typically quantiative. m.p. 216.4⁰C. IH NMR (D₂O+1 drop HCl) δ 3.15 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, IH), 2.62 (m, IH), 2.48 (dd,J-5.75Hz, IH), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 2H), 1.20 (m, 6H), 1.18 (m, IH), 0.98 (q,J=2.99Hz, IH).

Example 1 – Preparation of Compound 3

2B 3

To a reactor equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen, were added about 10.5 kg of 2B, 68 L of acetone and 68 L of IN aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The mixture was heated to a temperature between 50 and 60⁰C and agitated for about 1 hour before cooling to room temperature. After the reaction was judged complete, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to about 42 L and then cooled to a temperature between 0 and 5⁰C. The cooled mixture was agitated for an additional hour. The product 3 was filtered, washed with cooled water and dried to provide an off-white solid (6.9 kg, yield 76%). m.p. 251⁰C. Η NMR (DMSO) δ 12.8 (s, IH), 4.72 (m, J = 5.90 Hz, IH), 2.58 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, J = 6.03 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (dd, J = 19.0, 12.8 Hz, 3H), 2.05 (m, IH), 1.87 (q, J = 8.92 Hz, IH), 1.75 (m, IH), 1.55 (m, IH), 1.35 (q, J = 12.6 Hz, IH), 1.27 (d, J = 5.88 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) M+l m/z calcd. 267, found 267.

NOTE

Compound 7A may be prepared from Compound 8 by treating Compound 8 with diethylchlorophosphate:

Compound 8 may be obtained by the process described by Kyoku, Kagehira et al in “Preparation of (haloaryl)pyridines,” (API Corporation, Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2004). 13pp. CODEN: JKXXAF JP

2004182713 A2 20040702. Compound 8 is subsequently reacted with a phosphate ester, such as a dialkyl halophosphate, to yield Compound 7A. Diethylchlorophosphate is preferred. The reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of a base, such as a dialkylithium amide, for example diisopropyl lithium amide.

Paper

J Med Chem 2008, 51(11): 3061

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm800180e Abstract Image

The discovery of an exceptionally potent series of thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists based on the natural product himbacine is described. Optimization of this series has led to the discovery of 4 (SCH 530348), a potent, oral antiplatelet agent that is currently undergoing Phase-III clinical trials for acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina/non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.

Ethyl [(3aR,4aR,8aR,9aS)-9(S)-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-
pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1(R)-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6(R)-yl]carbamate (4).

4 (300 mg, 86%). MS m/z 493 (M+1).

HRMS Calcd for C29H34N2O4F
(M+1): 493.2503, found 493.2509; mp125 °C;

[]D20 6.6 (c 0.5, MeOH).

1HNMR (CDCl3):

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm800180e/suppl_file/jm800180e-file002.pdf

0.88-1.18 (m, 5 H), 1.22-1.30 (m, 3 H), 1.43 (d, J = 5.85 Hz, 3 H), 1.88-2.10 (m, 4 H), 2.33-2.42 (m, 2 H),
2.75-2.67 (m, 1 H), 3.52-3.60 (m, 1 H), 4.06-4.14 (m, 2 H), 4.54-4.80 (m, 1 H), 4.71-4.77 (m, 1 H),
6.55-6.63 (m, 2 H), 7.07-7.12 (m, 1 H), 7.26-7.29 (m, 2 H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.05 Hz, 1 H), 7.41-7.46 (m, 1 H), 7.80-7.82 (m, 1 H), 8.76-8.71 (m, 1 H).

PATENT

IN 201621010411

An improved process for preparation of Vorapaxar intermediates and a novel polymorphic form of Vorapaxar

ALEMBIC PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED

Vorapaxar Sulfate is indicated for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). ZONTIVITY has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, and urgent coronary revascularization (UCR).

According to present invention Vorapaxar sulfate is synthesized from compound of formula 1.

wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroaryl groups. Process for the preparation of compound of formula 1 is disclosed in U.S Pat. No. 7,605,275. It disclosed preparation of compound of formula 1 via cyclization of compound 2 in presence of solvent selected from xylene, N-methylpyrrolidinone, Dimethylsulfoxide, diphenyl ether, dimethylacetamide. This cyclization step takes approximately 6-8 hrs.

There is need to develop a process which takes less time for cyclization step to prepare compound of formula 1. Therefore, our scientist works tenaciously to develop process which takes approximately 1-2 hrs for cyclization of compound 1.

5 According to present invention Vorapaxar sulfate is synthesized from intermediate compound of formula-II.

Formula-II Compound of formula-II is critical intermediate in the preparation of Vorapaxar Sulfate.

10 Patent WO2006076415 discloses the process of preparation of above Formula-II in example 7, in which purification/crystallisation step involves treating the reaction mixture having compound of Formula-II with an ethanol/water mixture followed by azeotropic distillation of the mixture. This process yielded formula-II with low yields and with low purities. WO2009055416 (page 9, second paragraph) discloses that use of various solvent systems for

15 formula-II purification such as Methyl-tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and various solvent/antisolvent systems, for example, ethylacetate/heptane and toluene/heptane and by using these solvent systems, compound of formula-II are obtained as oil. These oils did not yield a reduced impurity profile in synthesis of the compound of Formula II, nor provide an improvement in the quality of the product compound of Formula II.

20 The inventors surprisingly found that using the process according to the invention provides formula-II with improved yield and high purity. Further, present invention provides a process for the preparation of novel crystalline form of Vorapaxar base. The present invention also relates to novel impurity and process for its preparation.

U.S.Pat. No. 7,304,078 discloses Vorapaxar base. U.S.Pat. No. 7,235,567 discloses Polymorph I and II of vorapaxar sulphate

Example 1- Preparation of compound 1a:

Process A: 5.0 g of compound 2a was suspended in 10.0 ml silicone oil at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and 25 ml of cyclohexane was added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up to room temperature and stirred for 30 min.

15 The precipitated product was filtered off and washed with 5.0 ml Cyclohexane. Wet solid was suspended in mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml denatured ethanol at 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried.

20 Process B: 5.0 g of compound 2a was suspended in 10.0 ml paraffin oil at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and 25 ml of cyclohexane was added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up to room temperature and stirred for 30 min.

25 The precipitated product was filtered off and washed with 5.0 ml Cyclohexane. Wet solid was suspended in mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml denatured ethanol at 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried. Yield: 4.3 g

Process C: 5.0 g of compound 2a was charged in reaction vessel at room temperature. The solid was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and was added mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml

5 denatured ethanol at 50-60°C. This was cooled to 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried. Yield: 4.5 g Example 2: Preparation of Intermediate (Formula-II) of vorapaxar

10 Example 2(a): 50.0g of 1,3,3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-Decahydro-3-methyl-7-nitro-1-oxo-N,Ndiphenylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-carboxamide compound was suspended in 300.0 ml THF, 15 g 10% Pd/C (50% wet) and 200 ml Process water at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 45°C and drop wise formic acid (35 ml) was added and then stirred for 15 hrs. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 25-30°C and 100 ml THF was

added and pH was made acidic with 2M sulfuric acid solution. The reaction mass was filtered and washed with 150 ml THF, 150 ml water. Organic and aqueous layer were separated and aqueous layer was extracted with THF. Organic layers were combined and washed with water. The organic layer was cooled up to 5-10°C, 20 ml of TEA and 13 ml of Ethyl chloro formate were added. The reaction mass was stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction,

reaction mass was washed with 2M sulfuric acid solution and distilled out reaction mass completely under vacuum. Acetonitrile (50 ml) was added to residue and heated up to 40- 45°C. Cooled the reaction mass up to 25-30°C and filtered the solid. Purity: 94-96% Example 2(b): Crystallization with Acetonitrile Acetonitrile (50 ml) was added to above obtained solid and heated to 40-45°C. Cooled the

25 reaction mass slowly up to 25-30°C and then up to 5-10°C. The reaction mass was stirred and the solid was filtered. XRD: Fig-1 Purity: 98-99% Example 2(c): Crystallization with Ethyl acetate To the solid obtained in example-1(a) Ethyl acetate (30 ml) was added. The reaction mass was heated up to 70-75°C and stirred for 10-15 min. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up 30 to 25-30°C and then up to 5-10°C. The reaction mass was stirred for 30 min. The solid was filtered and washed with Ethyl acetate. XRD: Fig-2 Purity: 98-99%

Example 3: Preparation of Amorphous Form of Vorapaxar base Vorapaxar base (10.0 g) was dissolved in 500 ml of 40% Ethyl acetate in Cyclohexane. The solvent was then completely removed under vacuum at 45-50o C to give a solid. Yield: 9.8 g

Example 3 (a): Preparation of crystalline vorapaxar base 5 (2-{[Ethyl (ethylperoxy)phosphory]methyl}-5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridine) (10 g) was dissolved in THF (30ml) at 25±5°C under Nitrogen. Cool the reaction mass up to -30 to – 50°C. Add drop wise LDA (2.0 M solution in THF). After 1 hr add drop wise (N- [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-formyl dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6- yl]-ethyl ester Carbamic acid) solution (10 g dissolved in 70 ml THF). After completion of 10 reaction mass quench the reaction mass to sulphuric acid solution. Separate the layers and distilled out organic layer under vacuum get foamy residue. (purity 82%) Add MIBK (10 ml) in above residue and stir it at 40-50°C till clear solution. Add drop wise n-Heptane (10 ml) and stir the reaction mass for 30 min. Gradually cool the reaction mass up to 25-30°C. Stir the reaction mass for 24 hrs. Filter the solid and washed it with n-Heptane (5.0 ml). Dry the 15 solid. Yield: 7.0 g. XRD: Fig-3 purity 96%

Example 3(b): Preparation of crystalline vorapaxar base Vorapaxar advance intermediate (2-{[Ethyl (ethylperoxy)phosphory]methyl}-5-(3- fluorophenyl)pyridine) (10 g) was dissolved in THF (30ml) at 25±5°C under Nitrogen. Cool the reaction mass up to -30 to -50°C. Add drop wise LDA (2.0 M solution in THF). After a 1

20 hr add drop wise VORA-Aldehyde (N-[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-formyl dodecahydro1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-ethyl ester Carbamic acid) solution (10 g dissolved in 70 ml THF). After completion of reaction mass quench the reaction mass to sulphuric acid solution. Separate the layers and distilled out organic layer under vacuum get foamy residue (purity 82%). Add MTBE (10 ml) in above residue and stir it at 40-50°C till clear solution.

25 Add drop wise n-Heptane (30 ml) and stir the reaction mass for 30 min. Gradually cool the reaction mass up to 25-30°C. Stir the reaction mass for 24 hrs. Filter the solid and washed it with n-Heptane (5.0 ml). Dry the solid. Yield: 8.5.0 g. XRD: Fig-4 purity 97%

References

Samuel Chackalamannil; Wang, Yuguang; Greenlee, William J.; Hu, Zhiyong; Xia, Yan; Ahn, Ho-Sam; Boykow, George; Hsieh, Yunsheng et al. (2008). “Discovery of a Novel, Orally Active Himbacine-Based Thrombin Receptor Antagonist (SCH 530348) with Potent Antiplatelet Activity”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 51 (11): 3061–4.doi:10.1021/jm800180e. PMID 18447380.
Merck Blood Thinner Studies Halted in Select Patients, Bloomberg News, January 13, 2011
Tricoci et al. (2012). “Thrombin-Receptor Antagonist Vorapaxar in Acute Coronary Syndromes”. New England Journal of Medicine 366 (1): 20–33.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1109719. PMID 22077816.
Morrow, DA; Braunwald, E; Bonaca, MP; Ameriso, SF; Dalby, AJ; Fish, MP; Fox, KA; Lipka, LJ; Liu, X; Nicolau, JC; Ophuis, AJ; Paolasso, E; Scirica, BM; Spinar, J; Theroux, P; Wiviott, SD; Strony, J; Murphy, SA; TRA 2P–TIMI 50 Steering Committee and, Investigators (Apr 12, 2012). “Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events.”. The New England Journal of Medicine 366 (15): 1404–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200933.PMID 22443427.
“Merck Statement on FDA Advisory Committee for Vorapaxar, Merck’s Investigational Antiplatelet Medicine”. Merck. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2014/01/15/fda-advisory-panel-votes-in-favor-of-approval-for-mercks-vorapaxar/
SCH-530348 (Vorapaxar) is an investigational candidate for the prevention of arterial thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome and peripheral arterial disease. “Convergent Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of 4-Hydroxypent-2-ynoic Acid Diphenylamide for a Thrombin Receptor Antagonist Sch530348 and Himbacine Analogues.” Alex Zaks et al.: Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351: 2351-2357 Full text;
Discovery of a novel, orally active himbacine-based thrombin receptor antagonist (SCH 530348) with potent antiplatelet activity
J Med Chem 2008, 51(11): 3061

Stu Borman (2005). “Hopes Ride on Drug Candidates: Researchers reveal potential new medicines for thrombosis, anxiety, diabetes, and cancer”. Chemical & Engineering News 83 (16): 40–44.

PATENTS

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WO2008/5353
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US2009297576	12-4-2009	Local Delivery of PAR-1 Antagonists to Treat Vascular Complications
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US7605275	10-21-2009	Exo- and diastereo- selective syntheses of himbacine analogs
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US6063847 *	Nov 23, 1998	May 16, 2000	Schering Corporation	Thrombin receptor antagonists
US6326380 *	Apr 7, 2000	Dec 4, 2001	Schering Corporation	Thrombin receptor antagonists
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US20040176418 *	Jan 9, 2004	Sep 9, 2004	Schering Corporation	Crystalline polymorph of a bisulfate salt of a thrombin receptor antagonist

WO2011128420A1

Apr 14, 2011

Oct 20, 2011

Sanofi

Pyridyl-vinyl pyrazoloquinolines as par1 inhibitors

//////////////fast track designation , VORAPAXAR, FDA 2014, EU 2016, Zontivity, NDA 204886, MERCK, VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

CCOC(=O)NC1CCC2C(C1)CC3C(C2C=CC4=NC=C(C=C4)C5=CC(=CC=C5)F)C(OC3=O)C

Isavuconazonium sulfate, Изавуконазониев сулфат

June 8, 2018 11:01 am / Leave a comment

Isavuconazonium sulfate

Изавуконазониев сулфат

CAS 946075-13-4

MOLECULAR FORMULA:	C₃₅H₃₆F₂N₈O₉S₂
MOLECULAR WEIGHT:	814.837 g/mol

BAL-8557-002, BAL 8557

[2-[1-[1-[(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-yl]ethoxycarbonyl-methylamino]pyridin-3-yl]methyl 2-(methylamino)acetate;hydrogen sulfate

UNII:31Q44514JV

(2-{[(1-{1-[(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-yl}ethoxy)carbonyl](methyl)amino}pyridin-3-yl)methyl N-methylglycinate hydrogen sulfate

(2-{[(1-{1-[(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-yl}ethoxy)carbonyl](methyl)amino}-3-pyridinyl)methyl N-methylglycinate hydrog en sulfate

FDA 2015, EU 2015, BAL8557-002, BCS CLASS I, RO-0098557 , AK-1820

fast track designation

QIDP

ORPHAN DRUG EU

Image result for Isavuconazonium sulfate

1-{(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3- thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl}-4-[(1RS)-1-({methyl[3-({[(methylamino)acetyl] oxy}methyl) pyridin-2-yl]carbamoyl}oxy)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium monosulfate (IUPAC), corresponding to the molecular formula C35H35F2N8O5S·HSO4 and has a relative molecular mass of 814.84 g/mol. The relative molecular mass of isavuconazole is 437.47.

Isavuconazonium is a second-generation triazole antifungal approved on March 6, 2015 by the FDA for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis, marketed by Astellas under the brand Cresemba. It is the prodrug form of isavuconazole, the active moiety, and it is available in oral and parenteral formulations. Due to low solubility in waterof isavuconazole on its own, the isovuconazonium formulation is favorable as it has high solubility in water and allows for intravenous administration. This formulation also avoids the use of a cyclodextrin vehicle for solubilization required for intravenous administration of other antifungals such as voriconazole and posaconazole, eliminating concerns of nephrotoxicity associated with cyclodextrin. Isovuconazonium has excellent oral bioavailability, predictable pharmacokinetics, and a good safety profile, making it a reasonable alternative to its few other competitors on the market.

Originally developed at Roche, the drug candidate was subsequently acquired by Basilea. In 2010, the product was licensed to Astellas Pharma by Basilea Pharmaceutica for codevelopment and copromotion worldwide, including an option for Japan, for the treatment of fungal infection.

FDA approves new antifungal drug Cresemba

03/06/2015 02:10 PM EST

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Cresemba (isavuconazonium sulfate), a new antifungal drug product used to treat adults with invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis, rare but serious infections.

Syn……https://newdrugapprovals.org/2013/10/02/isavuconazole-basilea-reports-positive-results-from-study/

PRODUCT PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/US6300353

InventorTadakatsu Hayase Shigeyasu Ichihara Yoshiaki Isshiki Pingli Liu Jun Ohwada Toshiya Sakai Nobuo Shimma Masao Tsukazaki Isao Umeda Toshikazu Yamazaki

Current Assignee Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd Original

AssigneeBasilea Pharmaceutica AG Priority date 1998-03-06

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO1999045008A1/en

POLYMORPHS OF BASE

WO 2016055918

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2016055918A1/en

PATENT

IN 2014MU03189

WOCKHARDT

Isavuconazole, isavuconazonium, Voriconazole, and Ravuconazole are azole derivatives and known as antifungal drugs for treatment of systemic mycoses as reported in US 5,648,372, US 5,792,781, US 6,300,353 and US 6,812,238. The US patent No. 6,300,353 discloses Isavuconazole and its process. It has chemical name [(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-(2,5- difluorophenyl)-butan-2-ol;

The Isavuconazonium iodide hydrochloride and Isavuconazonium sulfate can be prepared according to known methods, e.g. pending Indian Patent Applications IN 2424/MUM/2014 and IN 2588/MUM/2014.

Example-1: Preparation of Amorphous Isavuconazole

4-cyano Phenacyl bromide F F N N N OH N S CN Formula-I Formula-III In a round bottomed flask charged ethanol (250 ml), thioamide compound of formula-II (25.0 gm) and 4-cyano phenacyl bromide (18.4 gm) under stirring. The reaction mixture were heated to 70 0C. After completion of reaction the solvent was removed under vacuum distillation and water (250 ml) and Ethyl acetate (350 ml) were added to reaction mass. The reaction mixture was stirred and its pH was adjusted between 7 to 7.5 by 10 % solution of sodium bicarbonate. The layer aqueous layer was discarded and organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (100 ml) and concentrated under vacuum to get residue. The residue was suspended in methyl tert-butyl ether (250 ml) and the reaction mixture was heated to at 40°C to make crystals uniform and finally reaction mass is cooled to room temperature filtered and washed with the methyl tert-butyl ether. The product was isolated dried to get pale yellowish solid product. Yield: 26.5 gm HPLC purity: 92.7%

CLIP

March 6, 2015

Release

Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species, and mucormycosis is caused by the Mucorales fungi. These infections occur most often in people with weakened immune systems.

Cresemba belongs to a class of drugs called azole antifungal agents, which target the cell wall of a fungus. Cresemba is available in oral and intravenous formulations.

“Today’s approval provides a new treatment option for patients with serious fungal infections and underscores the importance of having available safe and effective antifungal drugs,” said Edward Cox, M.D., M.P.H, director of the Office of Antimicrobial Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Cresemba is the sixth approved antibacterial or antifungal drug product designated as a Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP). This designation is given to antibacterial or antifungal drug products that treat serious or life-threatening infections under the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) title of the FDA Safety and Innovation Act.

As part of its QIDP designation, Cresemba was given priority review, which provides an expedited review of the drug’s application. The QIDP designation also qualifies Cresemba for an additional five years of marketing exclusivity to be added to certain exclusivity periods already provided by the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. As these types of fungal infections are rare, the FDA also granted Cresemba orphan drug designations for invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.

The approval of Cresemba to treat invasive aspergillosis was based on a clinical trial involving 516 participants randomly assigned to receive either Cresemba or voriconazole, another drug approved to treat invasive aspergillosis. Cresemba’s approval to treat invasive mucormycosis was based on a single-arm clinical trial involving 37 participants treated with Cresemba and compared with the natural disease progression associated with untreated mucormycosis. Both studies showed Cresemba was safe and effective in treating these serious fungal infections.

The most common side effects associated with Cresemba include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, abnormal liver blood tests, low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia), constipation, shortness of breath (dyspnea), coughing and tissue swelling (peripheral edema). Cresemba may also cause serious side effects including liver problems, infusion reactions and severe allergic and skin reactions.

Cresemba is marketed by Astellas Pharma US, Inc., based in Northbrook, Illinois.

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The active substance is isavuconazonium sulfate, a highly water soluble pro-drug of the active triazole isavuconazole. The chemical name of the active substance isavuconazonium sulfate is 1-{(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3- thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl}-4-[(1RS)-1-({methyl[3-({[(methylamino)acetyl] oxy}methyl) pyridin-2-yl]carbamoyl}oxy)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium monosulfate (IUPAC), corresponding to the molecular formula C35H35F2N8O5S·HSO4 and has a relative molecular mass of 814.84 g/mol. The relative molecular mass of isavuconazole is 437.47. The active substance has the following structure:

The structure of the active substance has been confirmed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, UV, IR, 1H-, 13C- and 19F-NMR spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray analysis, all of which support the chemical structure. It appears as a white, amorphous, hygroscopic powder. It is very soluble in water and over the pH range 1-7. It is also very soluble in methanol and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Two pKa values have been found and calculated to be 2.0 and 7.3. Its logPoct/wat calculated by software is 1.31.

Isavuconazonium sulfate has three chiral centres. The stereochemistry of the active substance is introduced by one of the starting materials which is controlled by appropriate specification. The two centres, C7 and C8 in the isavuconazole moiety and in an intermediate of the active substance, have R configuration. The third chiral centre, C29, is not located on isavuconazole moiety and has both the R and S configurations. The nondefined stereo centre at C29 has been found in all batches produced so far to be racemic. Erosion of stereochemical purity has not been observed in the current process. The active substance is a mixture of two epimers of C29.

An enantiomer of drug substance was identified as C7 (S), C8 (S) and C29 (R/S) structure. The control of the stereochemistry of isavuconazonium sulfate is performed by chiral HPLC on the active substance and its two precursors. Subsequent intermediates are also controlled by relevant specification in the corresponding steps. Two crystal forms have been observed by recrystallisation studies. However the manufacturing process as described yields amorphous form only.

Two different salt forms of isavuconazonuium (chloride and sulfate) were identified during development. The sulfate salt was selected for further development. A polymorph screening study was also performed. None of the investigated salts could be obtained in crystalline Form………http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002734/WC500196130.pdf

Image result for isavuconazonium

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Clip

Isavuconazonium (Cresemba ) is a water-soluble prodrug of the triazole antifungal isavuconazole (BAL4815), a 14-a-demethylase inhibitor, under development byBasilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd and Astellas Pharma Inc. Isavuconazonium, in both its intravenous and oral formulations, was approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis (formerly termed zygomycosis) in the US in March 2015. Isavuconazonium is under regulatory review in the EU for invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. It is also under phase III development worldwide for the treatment of invasive candidiasis and candidaemia. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of isavuconazonium leading to the first approval for invasive spergillosis and mucormycosis.

Introduction

The availability of both an intravenous (IV) and an oral formulation of isavuconazonium (Cresemba ), as a result of its water solubility, rapid hydrolysis to the active entity isavuconazole and very high oral bioavailability, provides maximum flexibility to clinicians for treating seriously ill patients with invasive fungal infections [1]. Both the IV and oral formulations have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat adults with invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis [2]. The recommended dosages of each formulation are identical, consisting of loading doses of 372 mg (equivalent to 200 mg of isavuconazole) every eight hours for six doses, followed by maintenance therapy with 372 mg administered once daily [3]. The Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) designation of the drug with priority review status by the FDA isavuconazonium in the US provided and a five year extension of market exclusivity from launch. Owing to the rarity of the approved infections,

isavuconazonium was also granted orphan drug designation by the FDA for these indications [2]. It has also been granted orphan drug and QIDP designation in the US for the treatment of invasive candidiasis [4]. In July 2014, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd submitted a Marketing Authorization Application to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for isavuconazonium in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis, indications for which the EMA has granted isavuconazonium orphan designation [5, 6]. Isavuconazonium is under phase III development in many countries worldwide for the treatment of invasive candidiasis and candidaemia.

1.1 Company agreements

In 2010, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd (a spinoff from Roche, founded in 2000) entered into a licence agreement with Astellas Pharma Inc in which the latter would co-develop and co-promote isavuconazonium worldwide, including an option for Japan. In return for milestone payments, Astellas Pharma was granted an exclusive right to commercialize isavuconazonium, while Basilea Pharmaceutica retained an option to co-promote the drug in the US, Canada, major European countries and China [7]. The companies amended their agreement in 2014, making Astellas Pharma responsible for all regulatory filings, commercialization and manufacturing of isavuconazonium in the US and Canada. Basilea Pharmaceutica waived its right to co-promote the product in the US and Canada, in order to assume all rights in the rest of the world [8]. However, Astellas Pharma remains as sponsor of the multinational, phase III ACTIVE trial in patients with invasive candidiasis.

2 Scientific Summary

Isavuconazonium (as the sulphate; BAL 8557) is a prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases (mainly butylcholinesterase) in plasma into the active moiety isavuconazole

(BAL 4815) and an inactive cleavage product (BAL 8728).

References

1. Falci DR, Pasqualotto AC. Profile of isavuconazole and its potential in the treatment of severe invasive fungal infections. Infect Drug Resist. 2013;6:163–74.

2. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves new antifungal drug Cresemba. 2015. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm437106.htm. Accessed 12 Mar 2015.

3. US Food and Drug Administration. Cresemba (isavuconazonium sulfate): US prescribing information. 2015. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/207500Orig1s000lbl.pdf. Accessed 18 Mar 2015.

4. Astellas Pharma US Inc. FDA grants Astellas Qualified Infectious Disease Product designation for isavuconazole for the treatment of invasive candidiasis (media release). 2014. http://newsroom astellas.us/2014-07-16-FDA-Grants-Astellas-Qualified-Infectious-Disease-Product-Designation-for-Isavuconazole-for-the-Treatmentof-Invasive-Candidiasis.

5. European Medicines Agency. Public summary of opinion on orphan designation: isavuconazonium sulfate for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. 2014. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Orphan_designation/2014/07/WC500169890.pdf. Accessed 18 Mar 2015.

European Medicines Agency. Public summary of opinion on orphan designation: isavuconazonium sulfate for the treatment of mucormycosis. 2014. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Orphan_designation/2014/07/WC500169714.pdf. Accessed 18 Mar 2015.

7. Basilea Pharmaceutica. Basilea announces global partnership with Astellas for its antifungal isavuconazole (media release).2010. http://www.basilea.com/News-and-Media/Basilea-announcesglobal-partnership-with-Astellas-for-its-antifungal-isavuconazole/343.

8. Basilea Pharmaceutica. Basilea swaps its isavuconazole North American co-promote rights for full isavuconazole rights outside of North America (media release). 2014. http://www.basilea.com/News-and-Media/Basilea-swaps-its-isavuconazole-North-Americanco-promote-rights-for-full-isavuconazole-rights-outside-

CLIP

Image result for Isavuconazonium sulfate

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http://www.jpharmsci.org/article/S0022-3549(15)00035-0/pdf

A CLIP

http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/207500Orig1207501Orig1s000ChemR.pdf

EMA

On 4 July 2014 orphan designation (EU/3/14/1284) was granted by the European Commission to Basilea Medical Ltd, United Kingdom, for isavuconazonium sulfate for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.

Update: isavuconazonium sulfate (Cresemba) has been authorised in the EU since 15 October 2015. Cresemba is indicated in adults for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antifungal agents.

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002734/WC500196130.pdf

It appears as a white, amorphous, hygroscopic powder. It is very soluble in water and over the pH range 1-7. It is also very soluble in methanol and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Two pKa values have been found and calculated to be 2.0 and 7.3. Its logPoct/wat calculated by software is 1.31.

FDA Orange Book Patents

US 6812238

US 7459561

FDA ORANGE BOOK PATENTS: 1 OF 2
Patent	7459561
Expiration	Oct 31, 2020
Applicant	ASTELLAS
Drug Application	N207500 (Prescription Drug: CRESEMBA. Ingredients: ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULFATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA ORANGE BOOK PATENTS: 2 OF 2
Patent	6812238
Expiration	Oct 31, 2020
Applicant	ASTELLAS
Drug Application	N207500 (Prescription Drug: CRESEMBA. Ingredients: ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULFATE)

FREE FORM

Isavuconazonium; Isavuconazonium ion; Cresemba; BAL-8557; 742049-41-8;

[2-[1-[1-[(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-yl]ethoxycarbonyl-methylamino]pyridin-3-yl]methyl 2-(methylamino)acetate

MOLECULAR FORMULA:	C₃₅H₃₅F₂N₈O₅S⁺
MOLECULAR WEIGHT:	717.773 g/mol

Patent IDDatePatent Title

US20102494262010-09-30STABILIZED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION

US74595612008-12-02N-substituted carbamoyloxyalkyl-azolium derivativesUS71898582007-03-13N-phenyl substituted carbamoyloxyalkyl-azolium derivatives

US71511822006-12-19Intermediates for N-substituted carbamoyloxyalkyl-azolium derivatives

US68122382004-11-02N-substituted carbamoyloxyalkyl-azolium derivatives

REF

http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06636

////////// BAL 8557, BAL-8557-002, CRESEMBA, ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULFATE, QIDP designation, Cresemba , priority review, FDA 2015, EU 2015, BAL8557-002, BCS CLASS I, orphan designation, invasive aspergillosis, invasive mucormycosis, RO-0098557 , AK-1820, fast track designation, QIDP, 946075-13-4

CC(C1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)C(CN3C=[N+](C=N3)C(C)OC(=O)N(C)C4=C(C=CC=N4)COC(=O)CNC)(C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F)O

CC(C1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)C(CN3C=[N+](C=N3)C(C)OC(=O)N(C)C4=C(C=CC=N4)COC(=O)CNC)(C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]

UPDATE NEW PATENT

WOCKHARDT, WO 2016016766, ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULPHATE, NEW PATENT

(WO2016016766) A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ISAVUCONAZONIUM OR ITS SALT THEREOF

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016016766&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

WOCKHARDT LIMITED [IN/IN]; D-4, MIDC Area, Chikalthana, Aurangabad 431006 (IN)

KHUNT, Rupesh Chhaganbhai; (IN).
RAFEEQ, Mohammad; (IN).
MERWADE, Arvind Yekanathsa; (IN).
DEO, Keshav; (IN)

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable Isavuconazonium or its salt thereof. In particular of the present invention relates to process for the preparing of isavuconazonium sulfate, Isavuconazonium iodide hydrochloride and Boc-protected isavuconazonium iodide has purity more than 90%. The process is directed to preparation of solid amorphous form of isavuconazonium sulfate, isavuconazonium iodide hydrochloride and Boc-protected isavuconazonium iodide. The present invention process of Isavuconazonium or its salt thereof is industrially feasible, simple and cost effective to manufacture of isavuconazonium sulfate with the higher purity and better yield.

Isavuconazonium sulfate is chemically known l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(methylamino) acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l,2,4]-triazo-4-ium Sulfate and is structurally represented by formula (I):

Formula I

Isavuconazonium sulfate (BAL8557) is indicated for the treatment of antifungal infection. Isavuconazonium sulfate is a prodrug of Isavuconazole (BAL4815), which is chemically known 4-{2-[(lR,2R)-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-(lH-l ,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propyl]-l ,3-thiazol-4-yl}benzonitrile compound of Formula II

Formula II

US Ppatent No. 6,812,238 (referred to herein as ‘238); 7,189,858 (referred to herein as ‘858); 7,459,561 (referred to herein as ‘561) describe Isavuconazonium and its process for the preparation thereof.

The US Pat. ‘238 patent describes the process of preparation of Isavuconazonium chloride hydrochloride.

The US Pat. ‘238 described the process for the Isavuconazonium chloride hydrochloride, involves the condensation of Isavuconazole and [N-methyl-N-3((tert-butoxycarbonyl methylamino) acetoxymethyl) pyridine-2-yl]carbamic acid 1 -chloro-ethyl ester. The prior art reported process require almost 15-16 hours, whereas the present invention process requires only 8-10 hours. Inter alia prior art reported process requires too many step to prepare isavuconazonium sulfate, whereas the present invention process requires fewer steps.

Moreover, the US Pat. ‘238 describes the process for the preparation Isavuconazonium hydrochloride, which may be used as the key intermediate for the synthesis of isavuconazonium sulfate, compound of formula I. There are several drawbacks in the said process, which includes the use of anionic resin to prepare Isavuconazonium chloride hydrochloride, consequently it requires multiple time lyophilization, which makes the said prior art process industrially, not feasible.

The inventors of the present invention surprisingly found that Isavuconazonium or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in yield and purity could be prepared by using substantially pure intermediates in suitable solvent.

Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide simple, cost effective and industrially feasible processes for manufacture of isavuconazonium sulfate. Inventors of the present invention surprisingly found that isavuconazonium sulfate prepared from isavuconazonium iodide hydrochloride, provides enhanced yield as well as purity.

The process of the present invention is depicted in the following scheme:

Formula I

Formula-IA

The present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which does not limit the scope of the invention. Certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Examples

Example-1: Synthesis of l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(t-butoxycarbonylmethylamino) acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl]carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3 – [4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]butyl] – 1 H-[ 1 ,2,4] -triazo-4-ium iodide

Isavuconazole (20 g) and [N-methyl-N-3((tert-butoxycarbonylmethylamino)acetoxy methyl)pyridine-2-yl]carbamic acid 1 -chloro-ethyl ester (24.7 g) were dissolved in acetonitrile (200ml). The reaction mixture was stirred to add potassium iodide (9.9 g). The reaction mixture was stirred at 47-50°C for 10-13 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mass was filtered through celite bed and washed acetonitrile. Residue was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude solid product (47.7 g). The crude product was purified by column chromatography to get its pure iodide form (36.5 g).

Yield: 84.5 %

HPLC Purity: 87%

Mass: m/z 817.4 (M- 1)⁺

Example-2: Synthesis of l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(methylamino)acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l ,2,4]-triazo-4-ium iodide hydrochloride

l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(t-butoxycarbonylmethylamino)acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l ,2,4]-triazo-4-ium iodide (36.5 g) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to -5 to 0 °C. The ethyl acetate hydrochloride (150 ml) solution was added to reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4-5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and obtained solid residue washed with ethyl acetate. The solid dried under vacuum at room temperature for 20-24 hrs to give 32.0 gm solid.

Yield: 93 %

HPLC Purity: 86%

Mass: m/z 717.3 (M-HC1- 1)

Example-3: Preparation of Strong anion exchange resin (Sulfate).

Indion GS-300 was treated with aqueous sulfate anion solution and then washed with DM water. It is directly used for sulfate salt.

Example-4: Synthesis of l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(methylamino)acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l ,2,4]-triazo-4-ium Sulfate

Dissolved 10.0 g l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(methylamino)acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l ,2,4]-triazo-4-ium iodide hydrochloride in 200 ml deminerahzed water and 30 ml methanol. The solution was cooled to about 0 to 5°C. The strong anion exchange resin (sulfate) was added to the cooled solution. The reaction mixture was stirred to about 60-80 minutes. The reaction was filtered and washed with 50ml of demineralized water and methylene chloride. The aqueous layer was lyophilized to obtain

(8.0 g) white solid.

Yield: 93 %

HPLC Purity: > 90%

Mass: m/z 717.4 (M- HS0₄) ⁺

PATENT

CN 105288648

PATENT

CN 106883226

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106883226A/en

PATENT

CN 107982221

PAPER

Title: Introduction of New Drugs Approved by the U.S. FDA in 2015

Author: Ma Shuai; Wenying Ling; Zhou Weicheng;

Source: China Pharmaceutical Industry

Publisher: Tongfangzhiwang Beijing Technology Co., Ltd.

Year of publication:

DOI code: 10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2016.01.022

Registration Time: 2016-02-19 02:04:15

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RAPASTINEL, рапастинел , راباستينيل , 雷帕替奈

August 16, 2017 11:13 am / Leave a comment

Image result for RAPASTINEL

ChemSpider 2D Image | Rapastinel | C18H31N5O6

RAPASTINEL

Molecular Formula C₁₈H₃₁N₅O₆
Average mass 413.469 Da

L-threonyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-threoninamide

(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-N-[(2S,3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

117928-94-6 [RN]

L-Threoninamide, L-threonyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-

рапастинел [Russian]

راباستينيل [Arabic]

雷帕替奈 [Chinese]

(S)-N-((2S,3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-((S)-1-((2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

UNII-6A1X56B95E; 117928-94-6; 6A1X56B95E

(S)-N-((2S,3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-((S)-1-((2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

[117928-94-6]

GLYX-13 trifluoroacetate

GLYX-13;GLYX13;GLYX 13;Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH2

L-Threonyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-threoninamide trifluoroacetate

MFCD20527320

Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH2 trifluoroacetate

TPPT-amide trifluoroacetate

UNII:6A1X56B95E

BV-102; GLYX13, GLYX-13, in phase 3 clinical trials

Treatment of major depressive disorder – Phase 3 Allergan

Fast Track designation
Originator Northwestern University

Developer Allergan; Naurex
Class Amides; Antidepressants; Neuropsychotherapeutics; Oligopeptides; Small molecules
Mechanism of Action NR2B N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor agonists

Highest Development Phases

Phase III Major depressive disorder
Discontinued Bipolar depression; Neuropathic pain

Most Recent Events

01 Jan 2017 Allergan initiates enrolment in a phase III trial for Major depressive disorder (Adjunctive treatment) in USA (IV, Injection) (NCT03002077)
21 Dec 2016 Allergan plans a phase III trial for Major depressive disorder (Adjunctive treatment) in USA (IV, Injection) (NCT03002077)
01 Nov 2016 Phase-III clinical trials in Major depressive disorder (Adjunctive treatment, Prevention of relapse) in USA (IV) (NCT02951988)

It is disclosed that GLYX-13 (Rapastinel) acts as NMDA receptor partial agonist, useful for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke-related brain cell death, convulsive disorders, and learning and memory. See WO2015065891 , claiming peptidyl compound. Naurex , a subsidiary of Allergan is developing rapastinel (GLYX-13) (in phase3 clinical trials), a rapid-acting monoclonal antibody-derived tetrapeptide and NMDA receptor glycine site functional partial agonist as well as an amidated form of NT-13, for treating depression.

Rapastinel (INN) (former developmental code names GLYX-13, BV-102) is a novel antidepressant that is under development by Allergan (previously Naurex) as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.^[1]^[2] It is a centrally active, intravenously administered (non-orally active) amidated tetrapeptide (Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH₂) that acts as a selective, weak partial agonist (mixed antagonist/agonist) of an allosteric site of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor complex (E_max ≈ 25%).^[1]^[2]The drug is a rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant as well as robust cognitive enhancer by virtue of its ability to both inhibit and enhance NMDA receptor-mediated signal transduction.^[1]^[2]

On March 3, 2014, the U.S. FDA granted Fast Track designation to the development of rapastinel as an adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.^[3] As of 2015, the drug had completed phase II clinical development for this indication.^[4] On January 29, 2016, Allergan (who acquired Naurex in July 2015) announced that rapastinel had received Breakthrough Therapydesignation from the U.S. FDA for adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder.

Rapastinel belongs to a group of compounds, referred to as glyxins (hence the original developmental code name of rapastinel, GLYX-13),^[5] that were derived via structural modification of B6B21, a monoclonal antibody that similarly binds to and modulates the NMDA receptor.^[2]^[6]^[7] The glyxins were invented by Joseph Moskal, the co-founder of Naurex.^[5] Glyxins and B6B21 do not bind to the glycine site of the NMDA receptor but rather to a different regulatory site on the NMDA receptor complex that serves to allosterically modulate the glycine site.^[8] As such, rapastinel is technically an allosteric modulator of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, and hence is more accurately described as a functional glycine site weak partial agonist.^[8]

In addition to its antidepressant effects, rapastinel has been shown to enhance memory and learning in both young adult and learning-impaired, aging rat models.^[9] It has been shown to increase Schaffer collateral–CA1 long-term potentiation in vitro. In concert with a learning task, rapastinel has also been shown to elevate gene expression of hippocampal NR1, a subunit of the NMDA receptor, in three-month-old rats.^[10] Neuroprotective effects have also been demonstrated in Mongolian Gerbils by delaying the death of CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus pyramidal neurons under glucose and oxygen-deprived conditions.^[11] Additionally, rapastinel has demonstrated antinociceptive activity, which is of particular interest, as both competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists are ataxic at analgesic doses, while rapastinel and other glycine subunit ligands are able to elicit analgesia at non-ataxic doses.^[12]

Apimostinel (NRX-1074), an analogue of rapastinel with the same mechanism of action but dramatically improved potency, is being developed by the same company as a follow-on compound to rapastinel.

CN 104109189,

PAPER

Tetrahedron Letters (2017), 58(16), 1568-1571

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040403917303015

Novel silaproline (Sip)-incorporated close structural mimics of potent antidepressant peptide drug rapastinel (GLYX-13)

Highlights

•: Structural mimics of rapastinel comprising silaproline is reported.
•: Sip introduction is expected to improve its pharmacokinetic profiles.
•: Standard peptide coupling strategy in the solution-phase is utilized for synthesis.

Abstract

Rapastinel (GLYX-13) is a C-amidated tetrapeptide drug under clinical development for adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Rapastinel features two consecutive proline residues centered at the peptide sequence (Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH₂), which are detrimental to its biological activity. In this communication, we report the synthesis of very close structural analogues of rapastinel comprising silaproline (Sip) as proline surrogate. By virtue of its enhanced lipophilicity and metabolic stability, Sip introduction in the native rapastinel sequence is expected to improve its pharmacokinetic profiles.

Graphical abstract

This paper reports the synthesis of silaproline (Sip)-incorporated close structural mimics of potent antidepressant peptide drug rapastinel (GLYX-13).

PATENT

CN 104109189

Depression is the most common neuropsychiatric diseases, seriously affecting people’s health. In China With accelerated pace of life, increasing the incidence of depression was significantly higher social pressure.

[0003] Drug therapy is the primary means of treatment of depression. The main treatment drugs, including tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine, amitriptyline and the like; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, sertraline and the like; serotonin / norepinephrine dual uptake inhibitors such as venlafaxine, duloxetine. However, commonly used drugs slow onset, usually takes several weeks to months, and there is not efficient and toxicity obvious shortcomings.

[0004] GLYX-13 is a new antidepressant, Phase II clinical study is currently underway. It does this by regulating the brain NMDA (N_ methyl -D- aspartate) receptors play a role, and none of them have serious side effects such as ketamine and R-rated, such as hallucinations and schizophrenia and so on.GLYX-13 can play a strong, fast and sustained antidepressant effects, the onset time of less than 24 hours, and the sustainable average of 7 days. As a peptide drug, GLYX-13 was well tolerated and safe to use.

[0005] GLYX-13 is a tetrapeptide having the sequence structure Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr, which is a free N-terminal amino group, C terminal amide structure. GLYX-13 synthesis methods include traditional methods of two solid-phase peptide synthesis and liquid phase peptide synthesis, because of its short sequence, the amount of solid phase synthesis of amino acids, high cost, and difficult to achieve a lot of preparation. A small amount of liquid phase amino acids, high yield can be prepared in large quantities.

The present invention can be further described by the following examples.

Preparation of r-NH2; [0013] Example 1 Four peptide H-Thr-Pr〇-P; r〇-Th

[0014] 1.1 threonine carboxyl amidation (H-Thr-NH2)

[0015] 500ml three flask was added Boc-Thr (tBu) -0H20g (0.073mol), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) 150ml, stirring to dissolve the solid. Ice-salt bath cooled to -10 ° C~_15 ° C, was added N- methylmorpholine 8ml, then l〇ml isobutyl chloroformate, keeping the temperature not higher than -10 ° C, after the addition was complete retention low temperature reaction 10min, then adding ammonia 20ml, ice bath reaction 30min, then at room temperature the reaction 8h. The reaction was stopped, water 300ml, 200ml ethyl acetate was added to extract the precipitate, washed with water 3 times.Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate 6h. Filtered, and then the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to give a white solid 16. 6g, 83% yield.

[0016] The above product was dissolved in 50ml of trifluoroacetic acid or 2N hydrochloric acid / ethyl acetate solution was reacted at room temperature lh, the solvent was distilled off to give a white solid, i.e. amidated carboxyl threonine trifluoroacetic acid / hydrochloric acid salt H- Thr-NH 2. HC1.

[0017] 1.2 Pro – Preparation of threonine dipeptide fragment H-Pr〇-Thr-NH2 of

[0018] 500ml flask was added Boc-Pr〇 three-0H20g (0. 093mol), in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (TH F) 200ml, stirring to dissolve solids, cooled to ice-salt bath -l〇 ° C~-15 ° C, added N- methylmorpholine 11ml, then dropwise isobutyl 13ml, keeping the temperature not higher than -10 ° C, keep it cool after the addition was complete the reaction 10min. H-Thr-NH2. HC114. 5g dissolved in 50ml of tetrahydrofuran, was added N- methyl morpholine 11ml. The above solution was added to the reaction mixture, the low temperature reaction 30min, then at room temperature the reaction 8h. The reaction was stopped, water 300ml, 200ml ethyl acetate was added to extract the precipitate, washed with water 3 times. Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate 6h. Filtered and then evaporated under reduced pressure to give a white solid 25.7g, 82% yield.

[0019] The above product was dissolved in 100ml of 2N trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid / ethyl acetate solution was reacted at room temperature lh, the solvent was distilled off to give a white solid, i.e., proline – threonine dipeptide hydrochloride salt of H-Pr〇 -Thr-NH 2. HC1.

[0020] The above product was dissolved in 100ml of pure water, sodium carbonate solution was added to adjust the PH value, the precipitated white solid was filtered and dried in vacuo to give the desired product proline – threonine dipeptide fragment H-Pr square-Thr- NH223g.

Protected threonine [0021] 1.3 – Preparation of dipeptide fragment Boc-Thr (tBu) -Pr〇-0H of

[0022] Boc-Thr (tBu) -0H20g (0 · 073mol) was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) 150ml, stirring to dissolve the solid.Ice-salt bath cooled to -10 G~-15 ° C, was added N- methylmorpholine 8ml, then dropwise isobutyl 10ml, maintained at a temperature no higher than -10 ° C, kept cold reaction After dropping 10min. Proline methyl ester hydrochloride

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1989), 32(10), 2407-11.

Threonylprolylprolylthreoninamide (HRP-7). The synthesis of HRP-7 was begun with 3 g of p-methylbenzhydrylamine-resin containing 1.41 mmol of attachment sites. The protected tetrapeptidyl-resin (1.63 g) was subjected to HF cleavage. Radioactivity was found in the 1% acetic acid extract (77%) and in the 5% extract (24%). These solutions were combined and lyophilized. Crude peptide (309 mg, 97%) was gel filtered on Sephadex G-15 (1.1 X 100 cm). Peptide eluting between 34 and 46 mL was pooled and lyophilized to yield 294 mg (95%, overall yield 92%) of homogeneous HRP-7.

PATENT

WO 2010033757

PATENT

WO 2017136348

Process for synthesizing dipyrrolidine peptide compounds (eg GLYX-13) is claimed.

An N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a postsynaptic, ionotropic receptor that is responsive to, inter alia, the excitatory amino acids glutamate and glycine and the synthetic compound NMDA. The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) appears to controls the flow of both divalent and monovalent ions into the postsynaptic neural cell through a receptor associated channel and has drawn particular interest since it appears to be involved in a broad spectrum of CNS disorders. The NMDAR has been implicated, for example, in neurodegenerative disorders including stroke-related brain cell death, convulsive disorders, and learning and memory.

NMDAR also plays a central role in modulating normal synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and excitotoxicity in the central nervous system. The NMDAR is further involved in Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), which is the persistent strengthening of neuronal connections that underlie learning and memory The NMDAR has been associated with other disorders ranging from hypoglycemia and cardiac arrest to epilepsy. In addition, there are preliminary reports indicating involvement of NMDA receptors in the chronic neurodegeneration of Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases. Activation of the NMDA receptor has been shown to be responsible for post-stroke convulsions, and, in certain models of epilepsy, activation of the NMDA receptor has been shown to be necessary for the generation of seizures. In addition, certain properties of NMDA receptors suggest that they may be involved in the information-processing in the brain that underlies consciousness itself. Further, NMDA receptors have also been implicated in certain types of spatial learning.

[0003] In view of the association of NMDAR with various disorders and diseases, NMDA-modulating small molecule agonist and antagonist compounds have been developed for therapeutic use. NMDA receptor compounds may exert dual (agonist/antagonist) effect on the NMDA receptor through the allosteric sites. These compounds are typically termed “partial agonists”. In the presence of the principal site ligand, a partial agonist will displace some of the ligand and thus decrease Ca flow through the receptor. In the absence of the principal site ligand or in the presence of a lowered level of the principal site ligand, the partial agonist acts to increase Ca⁺⁺ flow through the receptor channel.

Example 2: Synthesis of GLYX-13

[00119] GLYX-13 was prepared as follows, using intermediates KSM-1 and KSM-2 produced in Example 1. The synthetic route for the same is provided in Figure 2.

Stage A – Preparation of (S)-N-((2S, 3R)-l-amino-3-hydroxy-l-oxobutan-2-yl)-l-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (Compound XI)

[00120] In this stage, KSM -1 was reacted with 10%Pd/C in presence of methanol to produce a compound represented by Formula XI. The reaction was optimized and performed up to 4.0 kg scale in the production plant and observed consistent quality (>80% by HPLC%PA) and yields (80% to 85%).

[00121] The reaction scheme involved in this method is as follows:

[00122] Raw materials used for this method are illustrated in Table 7 as follows:

Table 7.

[00123] In stage A, 10% Palladium on Carbon (w/w, 50% wet) was charged into the pressure reactor at ambient temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. KSM-1 was dissolved in methanol in another container and sucked into above reactor under vacuum. Hydrogen pressure was maintained at 45-60 psi at ambient temperature for over a period of 5-6 hrs. Progress of the reaction mixture was monitored by HPLC for KSM-1 content; limit is not more than 5%.

Hyflow bed was prepared with methanol (Lot-II). The reaction mass was filtered through nutsche filter under nitrogen atmosphere and bed was washed with Methanol Lot-Ill. Filtrate was transferred into the reactor and distilled completely under reduced pressure at below 50 °C (Bath temperature) to get the syrup and syrup material was unloaded into clean and dry container and samples were sent to QC for analysis.

[00124] From the above reaction(s), 1.31 kg of compound represented by Formula XI was obtained with a yield of 89.31% and with a purity of 93.63%).

Stage B – Preparation of Benzyl (2S, 3R)-l-((S)-2-((S)-2-((2S, 3R)-I-amino-3-hydroxy-I- oxobutan-2-ylcarbamoyl) pyrrolidine-! -carbonyl) pyrrolidin-1 -yl)-3-hydroxy-l -oxobutan-2- ylcarbamate (Compound XII)

[00125] In this stage the compound represented by Formula XI obtained above was reacted with KSM-2 to produce a compound represented by Formula XII. This reaction was optimized and scaled up to 3.0 kg scale in the production plant and obtained 25% to 28% yields with UPLC purity (>95%).

[00126] The reaction scheme is as follows:

[00127] Raw materials used for this method are illustrated in Table 8 as follows:

Table 8.

[00128] Stage B: ethanol was charged into the reactor at 20 to 35 °C. Compound represented by Formula XI was charged into the reactor under stirring at 20 to 35 °C and reaction mass was cooled to -5 to 0°C. EDC.HC1 was charged into the reaction mass at -5 to 0 °C and reaction mass, was maintained at -5 to 0 °C for 10-15 minutes. N-Methyl morpholine was added drop wise to the above reaction mass at -5 to 0 °C and reaction mass was maintained at -5 to 0 °C for 10-15 minutes.

[00129] KSM-2 was charged into the reactor under stirring at -5 to 0 °C and reaction mass was maintained at -5 to 0 °C for 3.00 to 4.00 hours. The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 20 to 35 °C and was maintained at 20 to 35 °C for 12 – 15 hours under stirring. (Note:

Monitor the reaction mass by HPLC for Stage A content after 12.0 hours and thereafter every 2.0 hours. The content of stage A should not be more than 2.0%). Ethanol was distilled out completely under vacuum at below 50 °C (Hot water temperature) and reaction mass was cooled to 20 to 35 °C. Water Lot-1 was charged into the residue obtained followed by 10% DCM-Isopropyl alcohol (Mixture of Dichloromethane Lot-1 & Isopropyl alcohol Lot-1 prepared in a cleaned HDPE container) into the reaction mass at 20 – 35 °C.

[00130] Both the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was charged into the reactor. 10%) DCM-Isopropyl alcohol (Mixture of Dichloromethane Lot-2 & Isopropyl alcohol Lot-2 prepared in a cleaned HDPE container) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C. Both the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was charged back into the reactor. 10%> IDCM-isopropyl alcohol (Mixture of Dichloromethane Lot-3 & Isopropyl alcohol Lot-3 prepared in a cleaned HDPE container) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C. Both the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was charged back into the reactor. 10%> DCM-Isopropyl alcohol (Mixture of Dichloromethane Lot-4 & Isopropyl alcohol Lot-4 prepared in a cleaned HDPE container) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C and separated both the layers. The above organic layers were combined and potassium hydrogen sulfate solution (Prepare a solution in a HDPE container by dissolving Potassium hydrogen sulfate Lot-1 in water Lot-2) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C. Separated both the layers and charged back organic layer into the reactor. Potassium hydrogen sulfate solution (Prepared a solution in a HDPE container by dissolving Potassium hydrogen sulfate Lot-2 in water Lot-3) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C. Separated both the layers and the organic layer was dried over Sodium sulfate and distilled out the solvent completely under vacuum at below 45 °C (Hot water temperature).

[00131] The above crude was absorbed with silica gel (100-200mesh) Lot-1 in

dichloromethane. Prepared the column with silica gel (100-200 mesh) Lot-2, and washed the silica gel bed with from Dichloromethane Lot-5 and charged the adsorbed compound into the column. Eluted the column with 0-10% Methanol Lot-1 in Dichloromethane Lot-5 and analyzed fractions by HPLC. Solvent was distilled out completely under vacuum at below 45 °C (Hot water temperature). Methyl tert-butyl ether Lot-1 was charged and stirred for 30 min. The solid was filtered through the Nutsche filter and washed with Methyl tert-butyl ether Lot-2 and

samples were sent to QC for complete analysis. (Note: If product quality was found to be less than 95%, column purification should be repeated).

[00132] From the above reaction(s), 0.575 kg of compound represented by Formula XII was obtained with a yield of 17% and with a purity of 96.28%).

Stage C – Preparation of Benzyl (S)-N-((2S, 3R)-l-amino-3-hydroxy-l-oxobutan-2-yl)-l-((S)-l- ((2R, 3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl) pyrrolidine-2 carbonyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (GLYX-13)

[00133] In this reaction step the compound of Formula XII obtained above was reacted with 10%oPd in presence of methanol to produce GLYX-13. This reaction was optimized and performed up to 2.8 kg scale in the production plant and got 40% to 45% of yields with UPLC purity >98%.

[00134] The reaction scheme involved in this method is as follows:

[00135] Raw materials used for this method are illustrated in Table 9 as follows:

Table 9.

30 Nitrogen cylinder – – – – – 31 Hydrogen cylinder – – – – –

[00136] In an exemplary embodiment of stage C, 10% Palladium Carbon (50% wet) was charged into the pressure reactor at ambient temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. Compound of Formula XII was dissolved in methanol in a separate container and sucked into the reactor under vacuum. Hydrogen pressure was maintained 45-60 psi at ambient temperature over a period of 6-8 hrs. Progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC for stage-B (compound represented by Formula XII) content (limit is not more than 2%). If HPLC does not comply continue the stirring until it complies. Prepared the hyflow bed with methanol (Lot-II) and the reaction mass was filtered through hyflow bed under nitrogen atmosphere, and the filtrate was collected into a clean HDPE container. The bed was washed with Methanol Lot-Ill and the filtrate was transferred into the Rota Flask and distilled out the solvent completely under reduced pressure at below 50°C (Bath temperature) to get the crude product. The material was unloaded into clean HDPE container under Nitrogen atmosphere.

[00137] Neutral Alumina Lot-1 was charged into the above HDPE container till uniform mixture was formed. The neutral Alumina bed was prepared with neutral alumina Lot-2 and dichloromethane Lot-1 in a glass column. The neutral Alumina Lot-3 was charged and

Dichloromethane Lot-2 into the above prepared neutral Alumina bed. The adsorbed compound was charged into the column from op.no.11. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-2 and collect 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-3 and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-4 and Methanol Lot-4 (1%) and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-5 and Methanol Lot-5 (2%) and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-6 and Methanol Lot-6 (3%) and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with

Dichloromethane Lot-7 and Methanol Lot-7 (5%). and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-8 and Methanol Lot-8 (8%). and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-9 and Methanol Lot-9 (10%) and collected 10 L fractions. Fractions were analyzed by HPLC (above 97% purity and single max impurity >0.5% fractions are pooled together)

[00138] Ensured the reactor is clean and dry. The pure fractions were transferred into the reactor.

[00139] The solvent was distilled off completely under vacuum at below 45 °C (Hot water temperature). The material was cooled to 20 to 35°C. Charged Dichloromethane Lot- 10 and Methanol Lot- 10 into the material and stirred till dissolution. Activated carbon was charged into the above mixture at 20 to 35°C and temperature was raised to 45 to 50 °C.

[00140] Prepared the Hyflow bed with Hyflow Lot-2 and Methanol Lot-11 Filtered the reaction mass through the Hy-flow bed under nitrogen atmosphere and collect the filtrate into a clean FIDPE container. Prepared solvent mixture with Dichloromethane Lot-11 and Methanol Lot- 12 in a clean FIDPE container and washed Nutsche filter with same solvent. Charged filtrate in to Rota evaporator and distilled out solvent under vacuum at below 50°C. Dry the compound in Rota evaporator for 5 to 6 hours at 50°C, send sample to QC for Methanol content (residual solvent) which should not be more than 3000 ppm. The material was cooled to 20 to 35 °C and the solid material was unloaded into clean and dry glass bottle. Samples were sent to QC for complete analysis.

[00141] From the above reaction(s), 0.92 kg of Glyx-13 was obtained with a yield of 43.5% and with a purity of 99.73%.

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External links

rapastinel
Clinical data


Pregnancy category	US: N (Not classified yet)
ATC code	none
Legal status
Legal status	US: Investigational New Drug
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	117928-94-6
PubChem CID	14539800
ChemSpider	25069944
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₈H₃₁N₅O₆
Molar mass	413.47 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [hide] C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N)N)O

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US9796755	METHODS OF TREATING DEPRESSION AND OTHER RELATED DISEASES	2015-02-06	2016-01-07

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US9198948	Methods of Treating Depression and Other Related Diseases	2013-07-09	2013-11-21
US2016345855	METHODS OF TREATING BRAIN DISORDERS OR IDENTIFYING BIOMARKERS RELATED THERETO	2014-12-15
US2015182582	Methods of Treating Depression and Other Related Diseases	2014-08-05	2015-07-02
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US9149501	Methods of Treating Depression and Other Related Diseases	2013-07-09	2013-11-28

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US2017072005	COMBINATIONS OF NMDAR MODULATING COMPOUNDS	2015-05-06
US2017049844	STABLE COMPOSITIONS OF NEUROACTIVE PEPTIDES	2015-04-27
US9340576	Methods of Treating Depression and Other Related Diseases	2013-06-04	2013-10-31
US8673843	NMDA receptors modulators and uses thereof	2012-06-18	2014-03-18
US2014249088	METHODS OF TREATING NEUROPATHIC PAIN	2013-09-27	2014-09-04

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US9593145	SECONDARY STRUCTURE STABILIZED NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF	2015-05-14	2016-04-28
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Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
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/////////////RAPASTINEL, BV-102, GLYX-13, PEPTIDE, phase 3, рапастинел , راباستينيل , 雷帕替奈 , Fast Track designation , allergan, Peptide Drugs,

CC(C(C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N)N)O

Enasidenib, Энасидениб , إيناسيدينيب ,伊那尼布 ,

August 2, 2017 9:49 am / Leave a comment

AG-221 (Enasidenib), IHD2 Inhibitor

Enasidenib

Molecular Formula C₁₉H₁₇F₆N₇O
Average mass 473.375

2-Propanol, 2-methyl-1-[[4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-[ACD/Index Name]

2-Methyl-1-[[4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-propanol
2-Methyl-1-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol

AG-221

CC-90007

1446502-11-9[RN]

enasidenib

Enasidenib

énasidénib

enasidenibum

UNII:3T1SS4E7AG

Энасидениб[Russian]

إيناسيدينيب[Arabic]

伊那尼布[Chinese]

2-methyl-1-[(4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-6-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]amino}-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol

2-methyl-1-[[4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]propan-2-ol

2-methyl-1-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol

Originator	Agios Pharmaceuticals
Developer	Celgene Corporation
Mechanism Of Action	Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 inhibitor
Who Atc Codes	L01 (Antineoplastic Agents)
Ephmra Codes	L1 (Antineoplastics)
Indication	Cancer

2D chemical structure of 1650550-25-6

Enasidenib mesylate [USAN]
RN: 1650550-25-6
UNII: UF6PC17XAV

Molecular Formula, C19-H17-F6-N7-O.C-H4-O3-S

Molecular Weight, 569.4849

2-Propanol, 2-methyl-1-((4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl)-6-((2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-, methanesulfonate (1:1)

Enasidenib (AG-221) is an experimental drug in development for treatment of cancer. It is a small molecule inhibitor of IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 2). It was developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals and is licensed to Celgene for further development.

Image result for Enasidenib

LC MS

https://file.medchemexpress.com/batch_PDF/HY-18690/Enasidenib_LCMS_18195_MedChemExpress.pdf

NMR FROM INTERNET SOURCES

SEE http://www.medkoo.com/uploads/product/Enasidenib__AG-221_/qc/QC-Enasidenib-TZC60322Web.pdf

Mechanism of action

Isocitrate dehydrogenase is a critical enzyme in the citric acid cycle. Mutated forms of IDH produce high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate and can contribute to the growth of tumors. IDH1 catalyzes this reaction in the cytoplasm, while IDH2 catalyzes this reaction in mitochondria. Enasidenib disrupts this cycle.^[1]^[2]

Development

The drug was discovered in 2009, and an investigational new drug application was filed in 2013. In an SEC filing, Agios announced that they and Celgene were in the process of filing a new drug application with the FDA.^[3] The fast track designation allows this drug to be developed in what in markedly less than the average 14 years it takes for a drug to be developed and approved.^[4]

PATENT

WO 2013102431

Image result

Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Inventors	Giovanni Cianchetta, Byron Delabarre, Janeta Popovici-Muller, Francesco G. Salituro, Jeffrey O. Saunders, Jeremy Travins, Shunqi Yan, Tao Guo, Li Zhang,
Applicant	Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Compound 409 –

2-methyl-l-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyri^

ίαζίη-2- lamino ropan-2-ol

1H NMR (METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.62-8.68 (m, 2 H), 847-8.50 (m, 1 H), 8.18-8.21 (m, 1 H), 7.96-7.98 (m, 1 H), 7.82-7.84 (m, 1 H), 3.56-3.63 (d, J = 28 Hz, 2 H), 1.30 (s, 6 H). LC-MS: m/z 474.3 (M+H)⁺.

WO 2017066611

WO 2017024134

WO 2016177347

PATENT

WO 2016126798

Example 1: Synthesis of compound 3

Example 1, Step 1: preparation of 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

Diethyl ether (4.32 L) and hexanes (5.40 L) are added to the reaction vessel under N₂ atmosphere, and cooled to -75 °C to -65 °C. Dropwise addition of n-Butyl lithium (3.78 L in 1.6 M hexane) under N₂ atmosphere at below -65 °C is followed by dropwise addition of dimethyl amino ethanol (327.45 g, 3.67 mol) and after 10 min. dropwise addition of 2-trifluoromethyl pyridine (360 g, 2.45 mol). The reaction is stirred under N₂ while maintaining the temperature below -65 °C for about 2.0-2.5 hrs. The reaction mixture is poured over crushed dry ice under N₂, then brought to a temperature of 0 to 5 °C while stirring (approx. 1.0 to 1.5 h) followed by the addition of water (1.8 L). The reaction mixture is stirred for 5-10 mins and allowed to warm to 5-10 °C. 6N HC1 (900 mL) is added dropwise until the mixture reached pH 1.0 to 2.0, then the mixture is stirred for 10-20 min. at 5-10 °C. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate at 25-35 °C, then washed with brine solution. The reaction is concentrated and rinsed with n-heptane and then dried to yield 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid.

Example 1, Step 2: preparation of 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester Methanol is added to the reaction vessel under nitrogen atmosphere. 6-trifluoromethyl- pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (150 g, 0.785 mol) is added and dissolved at ambient temperature. Acetyl chloride (67.78 g, 0.863 mol) is added dropwise at a temperature below 45 °C. The reaction mixture is maintained at 65-70 °C for about 2-2.5 h, and then concentrated at 35-45 °C under vacuum and cooled to 25-35 °C. The mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and rinsed with saturated NaHC0₃ solution then rinsed with brine solution. The mixture is concentrated at temp 35-45 °C under vacuum and cooled to 25-35 °C, then rinsed with n-heptane and concentrated at temp 35-45 °C under vacuum, then degassed to obtain brown solid, which is rinsed with n-heptane and stirred for 10-15 minute at 25-35 °C. The suspension is cooled to -40 to -30 °C while stirring, and filtered and dried to provide 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester.

Example 1, Step 3: preparation of 6-(6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-lH-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione

1 L absolute ethanol is charged to the reaction vessel under N₂ atmosphere and Sodium Metal (11.2 g, 0.488 mol) is added in portions under N₂ atmosphere at below 50 °C. The reaction is stirred for 5-10 minutes, then heated to 50-55 °C. Dried Biuret (12.5 g, 0.122 mol) is added to the reaction vessel under N₂ atmosphere at 50-55 °C temperature, and stirred 10-15 minutes. While maintaining 50-55 °C 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (50.0 g, 0.244 mol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated to reflux (75-80 °C) and maintained for 1.5-2 hours. Then cooled to 35-40 °C, and concentrated at 45-50 °C under vacuum. Water is added and the mixture is concentrated under vacuum then cooled to 35-40 °C more water is added and the mixture cooled to 0 -5 °C. pH is adjusted to 7-8 by slow addition of 6N HC1, and solid precipitated out and is centrifuged and rinsed with water and centrifuged again. The off white to light brown solid of 6-(6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-lH-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione is dried under vacuum for 8 to 10 hrs at 50 °C to 60 °C under 600mm/Hg pressure to provide 6-(6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-lH-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione.

Example 1, Step 4: preparation of 2, 4-Dichloro-6-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-l, 3, 5-triazine

POCI₃ (175.0 mL) is charged into the reaction vessel at 20- 35 °C, and 6-(6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-lH-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione (35.0 g, 0.1355 mol) is added in portions at below 50 °C. The reaction mixture is de-gassed 5-20 minutes by purging with N₂ gas. Phosphorous pentachloride (112.86 g, 0.542 mol) is added while stirring at below 50 °C and the resulting slurry is heated to reflux (105-110 °C) and maintained for 3-4 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to 50-55 °C, and concentrated at below 55 °C then cooled to 20-30 °C. The reaction mixture is rinsed with ethyl acetate and the ethyl acetate layer is slowly added to cold water (temperature ~5 °C) while stirring and maintaining the temperature below 10 °C. The mixture is stirred 3-5 minutes at a temperature of between 10 to 20 °C and the ethyl acetate layer is collected. The reaction mixture is rinsed with sodium bicarbonate solution and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The material is dried 2-3 h under vacuum at below 45 °C to provide 2, 4-Dichloro-6-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-l, 3, 5-triazine. Example 1, Step 5: preparation of 4-chloro-6-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-(trifluoro-methyl)- pyridin-4-yl)-l,3,5-triazin-2-amine

A mixture of THF (135 mL) and 2, 4-Dichloro-6-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-l, 3, 5-triazine (27.0 g, 0.0915 mol) are added to the reaction vessel at 20 – 35 °C, then 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (16.31 g, 0.1006 mol) and sodium bicarbonate (11.52 g, 0.1372 mol) are added. The resulting slurry is heated to reflux (75-80 °C) for 20-24 h. The reaction is cooled to 30-40 °C and THF evaporated at below 45 °C under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture is cooled to 20-35 °C and rinsed with ethyl acetate and water, and the ethyl acetate layer collected and rinsed with 0.5 N HC1 and brine solution. The organic layer is concentrated under vacuum at below 45 °C then rinsed with dichloromethane and hexanes, filtered and washed with hexanes and dried for 5-6h at 45-50 °C under vacuum to provide 4-chloro-6-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-(trifluoro-methyl)- pyridin-4-yl)-l,3,5-triazin-2-amine.

Example 1, Step 6: preparation of 2-methyl-l-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)- pyridin-4-ylamino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol

THF (290 mL), 4-chloro-6-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-(trifluoro-methyl)-pyridin-4-yl)-l,3,5-triazin-2-amine (29.0 g, 0.06893 mol), sodium bicarbonate (8.68 g, 0.1033 mol), and 1, 1-dimethylaminoethanol (7.37 g, 0.08271 mol) are added to the reaction vessel at 20-35 °C. The resulting slurry is heated to reflux (75-80 °C) for 16-20 h. The reaction is cooled to 30-40 °C and THF evaporated at below 45 °C under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture is cooled to 20-35 °C and rinsed with ethyl acetate and water, and the ethyl acetate layer collected. The organic layer is concentrated under vacuum at below 45 °C then rinsed with dichlorom ethane and hexanes, filtered and washed with hexanes and dried for 8-1 Oh at 45-50 °C under vacuum to provide 2-methyl-l-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)- pyridin-4-ylamino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol.

PATENT

US 20160089374

PATENT

WO 2015017821

References

^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Enasidenib”. AdisInsight. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up^ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Enasidenib
Jump up^ https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1439222/000119312516758835/d172494d10q.htm
Jump up^ http://www.xconomy.com/boston/2016/09/07/celgene-plots-speedy-fda-filing-for-agios-blood-cancer-drug/

1 to 3 of 3

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US2013190287	THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE	2013-01-07	2013-07-25
US2016089374	THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE	2015-09-28	2016-03-31
US2016194305	THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE	2014-08-01	2016-07-07

FDA approves new targeted treatment for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia

08/01/2017

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Idhifa (enasidenib) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have a specific genetic mutation. The drug is approved for use with a companion diagnostic, the RealTime IDH2 Assay, which is used to detect specific mutations in the IDH2 gene in patients with AML.

“Idhifa is a targeted therapy that fills an unmet need for patients with relapsed or refractory AML who have an IDH2 mutation,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the FDA’s Oncology Center of Excellence and acting director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “The use of Idhifa was associated with a complete remission in some patients and a reduction in the need for both red cell and platelet transfusions.”

AML is a rapidly progressing cancer that forms in the bone marrow and results in an increased number of abnormal white blood cells in the bloodstream and bone marrow. The National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health estimates that approximately 21,380 people will be diagnosed with AML this year; approximately 10,590 patients with AML will die of the disease in 2017.

Idhifa is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 inhibitor that works by blocking several enzymes that promote cell growth. If the IDH2 mutation is detected in blood or bone marrow samples using the RealTime IDH2 Assay, the patient may be eligible for treatment with Idhifa.

The efficacy of Idhifa was studied in a single-arm trial of 199 patients with relapsed or refractory AML who had IDH2 mutations as detected by the RealTime IDH2 Assay. The trial measured the percentage of patients with no evidence of disease and full recovery of blood counts after treatment (complete remission or CR), as well as patients with no evidence of disease and partial recovery of blood counts after treatment (complete remission with partial hematologic recovery or CRh). With a minimum of six months of treatment, 19 percent of patients experienced CR for a median 8.2 months, and 4 percent of patients experienced CRh for a median 9.6 months. Of the 157 patients who required transfusions of blood or platelets due to AML at the start of the study, 34 percent no longer required transfusions after treatment with Idhifa.

Common side effects of Idhifa include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased levels of bilirubin (substance found in bile) and decreased appetite. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take Idhifa because it may cause harm to a developing fetus or a newborn baby.

The prescribing information for Idhifa includes a boxed warning that an adverse reaction known as differentiation syndrome can occur and can be fatal if not treated. Sign and symptoms of differentiation syndrome may include fever, difficulty breathing (dyspnea), acute respiratory distress, inflammation in the lungs (radiographic pulmonary infiltrates), fluid around the lungs or heart (pleural or pericardial effusions), rapid weight gain, swelling (peripheral edema) or liver (hepatic), kidney (renal) or multi-organ dysfunction. At first suspicion of symptoms, doctors should treat patients with corticosteroids and monitor patients closely until symptoms go away.

Idhifa was granted Priority Review designation, under which the FDA’s goal is to take action on an application within six months where the agency determines that the drug, if approved, would significantly improve the safety or effectiveness of treating, diagnosing or preventing a serious condition. Idhifa also received Orphan Drugdesignation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

The FDA granted the approval of Idhifa to Celgene Corporation. The FDA granted the approval of the RealTime IDH2 Assay to Abbott Laboratories

1H AND 13C NMR PREDICT

///////// fda 2017, Idhifa, enasidenib, Энасидениб , إيناسيدينيب ,伊那尼布 , AG 221, fast track designation, orphan drug status , acute myeloid leukemia, CC-90007

CC(C)(CNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)NC2=CC(=NC=C2)C(F)(F)F)C3=NC(=CC=C3)C(F)(F)F)O

Enasidenib

Image result for Enasidenib

Idhifa		FDA 8/1/2017	To treat relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia Press Release Drug Trials Snapshot

LINK……https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/08/02/enasidenib-%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8-%E4%BC%8A%E9%82%A3%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%83/

Enasidenib
Identifiers

CAS Number	1446502-11-9
PubChem CID	89683805
ChemSpider	38772329
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₉H₁₇F₆N₇O
Molar mass	473.38 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [hide] CC(C)(CNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)NC2=CC(=NC=C2)C(F)(F)F)C3=NC(=CC=C3)C(F)(F)F)O

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Ethyl ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethenyl)- 1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)carbamate

Carbamic acid, ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl)ethenyl)dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)-, ethyl ester

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WOCKHARDT, WO 2016016766, ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULPHATE, NEW PATENT

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Enasidenib

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Enasidenib