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Biocon’s Insulin Glargine gets approval in Japan
Avik Das | TNN | Mar 28, 2016, 02.52 PM IST
BENGALURU: Biopharmaceutical company Biocon said it got approval from Japan’s health ministry to sell its biosimilar Insulin Glargine in the country.
The product, which is a ready-to-use, prefilled disposable pen with 3 ml of 100IU Insulin Glargine, is expected to be launched in Japan in the first quarter of 2017 with its commercial partner FUJIFILM Pharma Co. Ltd, Biocon said on Monday.
The move will help Biocon capture a significant share of the Japanese Glargine market, which is about $144 million and second largest market outside of North America & Europe.
“The Insulin Glargine approval in the highly regulated market like Japan, marks a huge credibility milestone for Biocon. We see this as a significant achievement in our journey of making global impact in diabetes management through our affordable biosimilar insulins,” chairperson and managing director Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw said.
Kiran Mazumdar–Shaw
Biosimilars are biologic products, made inside living cells and has no clinical differences in terms of safety and effectiveness from the main product. They are however not considered duplicates, like generics, by regulators as it is impossible to manufacture exact copies of biotech drugs.
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Public company | |
Traded as | BSE: 532523 NSE: BIOCON |
Industry | Biotechnology |
Founded | 1978 |
Founder | Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw |
Headquarters | Bangalore, Karnataka, India |
Key people
|
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, (Chairman & MD) |
Products | Pharmaceuticals Enzymes |
Revenue | ₹22.41 billion (US$330 million) (2014–15)[1] |
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Number of employees
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5,585 (Mar 2011)[1] |
Subsidiaries | Syngene Clinigene |
Website | www.biocon.com |
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Acceptability of Draft Labeling to Support ANDA Approval Guidance for Industry
Acceptability of Draft Labeling to Support ANDA Approval Guidance for Industry
INTRODUCTION This guidance provides recommendations and information related to the submission of proposed labeling with abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) under section 505(j)(2)(A)(v) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) and FDA’s implementing regulations (21 CFR 314.94(a)(8)). This guidance is intended to assist applicants submitting ANDAs under section 505(j) of the Act to the Office of Generic Drugs (OGD) in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). It explains FDA’s interpretation of the regulatory provision related to the submission of copies of applicants’ proposed labeling in ANDAs and clarifies that OGD will accept draft labeling and does not require the submission of final printed labeling (FPL) in order to approve an ANDA. FDA is implementing this guidance without prior public comment because the Agency has determined that prior public participation is not feasible or appropriate (see 21 CFR 10.115(g)(2) and (g)(3)). FDA made this determination because this guidance presents a less burdensome policy that is consistent with the public health. In general, FDA’s guidance documents, including this guidance, do not establish legally enforceable responsibilities. Instead, guidances describe the Agency’s current thinking on a topic and should be viewed only as recommendations, unless specific regulatory or statutory requirements are cited. The use of the word should in Agency guidances means that something is suggested or recommended, but not required.
DISCUSSION OGD is issuing this guidance to provide regulated industry and other interested persons with our current thinking on the requirement that ANDA applicants submit copies of proposed labeling in their applications. Specifically, OGD is clarifying whether submission of FPL as opposed to draft labeling is required in order for OGD to approve an ANDA…………http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-drugs-gen/documents/document/ucm465628.pdf
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Iroko Pharmaceuticals Gains FDA Approval of Zorvolex for Management of Osteoarthritis Pain
Iroko Pharmaceuticals Gains FDA Approval of Zorvolex for Management of Osteoarthritis Pain
August 25, 2014 — Iroko Pharmaceuticals, LLC, a global specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to advancing the science of analgesia, announced today the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Zorvolex (diclofenac) capsules, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), for the management of osteoarthritis pain. This marks the second indication for Zorvolex, approved by FDA in October 2013 for the treatment of mild to moderate acute pain in adults1.
“Given the dose-related adverse events associated with NSAIDs as a class and the widespread use of NSAIDs for osteoarthritis, we are delighted to gain approval for our first SoluMatrix® NSAID for the management of osteoarthritis pain,” said Dr. Clarence Young, Chief Medical Officer of Iroko Pharmaceuticals. “Iroko has already made great strides to help fill the need for low dose NSAID options in patients with acute pain and we are continuing to expand our portfolio to also address chronic pain indications.”
Zorvolex was developed to align with recommendations from FDA and several professional medical organizations that NSAIDs be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals2. Zorvolex is the first FDA-approved low dose NSAID developed using proprietary SoluMatrix Fine Particle Technology™ and is now available by prescription. Zorvolex contains diclofenac as submicron particles that are approximately 20 times smaller than their original size. The reduction in particle size provides an increased surface area, leading to faster dissolution.
“Expanding the use of Zorvolex beyond acute pain to osteoarthritis pain, a chronic condition, is a testament to Iroko’s continued commitment to developing a low dose NSAID portfolio to address a broad range of unmet patient needs,” said John Vavricka, President and CEO of Iroko Pharmaceuticals. “This second approval for Zorvolex continues to lay the groundwork for our future portfolio, which utilizes a new approach to pain management.”
The approval of Zorvolex for the management of osteoarthritis pain was supported by data from a 12-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled 305 patients, aged 41-90 years, with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Half of the patients were between the ages of 61-90. Participants were randomized to Zorvolex 35mg three times daily or 35mg twice daily, or placebo3. The Supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) also included data from a 12-month open-label safety study that enrolled 602 patients1.
“NSAIDs continue to be an integral part of the management for osteoarthritis, the most common type of arthritis4, and their use is likely to increase as the U.S. population continues to age and the incidence of osteoarthritis rises5,” said Dr. Roy Altman, Professor of Medicine in Rheumatology at UCLA. “The approval of Zorvolex is a welcome and meaningful advance and is the first SoluMatrix® NSAID option approved by the FDA for osteoarthritis pain.”
About Iroko Pharmaceuticals, LLC
Iroko is a global specialty pharmaceutical company, based in Philadelphia, dedicated to advancing the science of analgesia. The company develops and globally commercializes pharmaceutical products.
Iroko is at the forefront of the development of SoluMatrix® NSAIDs – new low dose drug products based on existing NSAIDs – using iCeutica Inc.’s proprietary SoluMatrix Fine Particle Technology™ exclusively licensed to Iroko for NSAIDs. Zorvolex is the first SoluMatrix® NSAID and is available in pharmacies; a second was approved by FDA in February 2014. For more information, visit http://www.iroko.com.
GSK obtains FDA approval for bird flu vaccine
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the first adjuvanted vaccine to prevent H5N1 influenza, also known as bird flu.
GSK obtains FDA approval for bird flu vaccine http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newsgsk-obtains-fda-approval-bird-flu-vaccine?WT.mc_id=DN_News
26 November 2013

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the first adjuvanted vaccine to prevent H5N1 influenza, also known as bird flu.
The FDA cleared the pandemic Influenza A (H5N1) virus monovalent vaccine, adjuvanted (also referred to as Q-Pan H5N1 influenza vaccine), for use in people aged 18 and older who are at increased risk of exposure to the virus.
The vaccine is composed of monovalent, inactivated, split A/H5N1 influenza virus antigen and GSK’s AS03 adjuvant.
The company said that in clinical studies, the adjuvanted formulation stimulated the required immune response while using a smaller amount of antigen as compared with a formulation without adjuvant.
GSK and Genmab seek FDA approval for ofatumumab combination therapy for CLL first-line treatment
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Genmab have submitted a supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking the use of Arzerra (ofatumumab) in combination with an alkylator-based therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who have not received prior treatment.
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GSK and Genmab seek FDA approval for ofatumumab combination therapy for CLL first-line treatment
Iroko Pharmaceuticals Receives FDA Approval for ZORVOLEX™
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 18, 2013 – Iroko Pharmaceuticals, LLC, a global specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to advancing the science of analgesia, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved ZORVOLEX™ (diclofenac) capsules, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), for the treatment of mild to moderate acute pain in adults[i]. ZORVOLEX was approved at dosage strengths that are 20 percent lower than currently available diclofenac products. FDA approval of ZORVOLEX was supported by data from a Phase 3 multi-center, randomized study in which patients treated with ZORVOLEX reported significant pain relief compared with patients receiving placebo
EFAVIRENZ – Huahai Pharma China-Approved to Produce AIDS Treatment
Efavirenz
DMP 266
- Sustiva (USA, Bristol-Myers Squibb)
- Stocrin (EU, MSD)
- Aspen Efavirenz (Sub-Saharan Africa, Aspen Pharmacare)
- E.F (McNeil & Argus)
- Efavir (Cipla)
- Efcure (Emcure Pharmaceuticals)
- Efferven (Ranbaxy Laboratories)
- Estiva (Hetero)
- Evirenz (Alkem Laboratories)
- Viranz (Aurobindo Pharma)
Zhejiang Huahai Pharma received CFDA approval to produce efavirenz, an oral non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used to control the symptoms of AIDS. Huahai is the first China drugmaker approved to make the drug. Huahai produced efavirenz API for Merck, which marketed the drug under the name Stocrin
read at
http://www.sinocast.com/readbeatarticle.do?id=99634
Efavirenz (EFV), sold under the brand names Sustiva among others, is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It is used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. For HIV infection that has not previously been treated, the United States Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines currently recommends the use of efavirenz in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine (Truvada) as one of the preferred NNRTI-based regimens in adults and adolescents.[1] Efavirenz is also used in combination with other antiretroviral agents as part of an expanded postexposure prophylaxis regimen to reduce the risk of HIV infection in people exposed to a significant risk (e.g. needlestick injuries, certain types of unprotected sex etc.).
It is usually taken on an empty stomach at bedtime to reduce neurological and psychiatric adverse effects.
Efavirenz was combined with the HIV medications tenofovir and emtricitabine, all of which are reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This combination of three medications under the brand name Atripla, provides HAART in a single tablet taken once a day.
Efavirenz was discovered at Merck Research Laboratories. It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system.[2] As of 2015 the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is more than 200 USD.[3]
Efavirenz (EFV, brand names Sustiva, Stocrin, Efavir etc.) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and is used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) for the treatment of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1.
For HIV infection that has not previously been treated, the United States Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines currently recommends the use of efavirenz in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine (Truvada) as one of the preferred NNRTI-based regimens in adults and adolescents.
Efavirenz is also used in combination with other antiretroviral agents as part of an expanded postexposure prophylaxis regimen to reduce the risk of HIV infection in people exposed to a significant risk (e.g. needlestick injuries, certain types of unprotected sex etc.).
The usual adult dose is 600 mg once a day. It is usually taken on an empty stomach at bedtime to reduce neurological and psychiatric adverse effects.
Efavirenz was combined with the popular HIV medication Truvada, which consists oftenofovir and emtricitabine, all of which are reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This combination of three medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in July 2006 under the brand name Atripla, provides HAART in a single tablet taken once a day. It results in a simplified drug regimen for many patients.
doi:10.1016/0040-4039(95)01955-H
Merck synthesis of Efavirenz
History
Efavirenz was approved by the FDA on September 21, 1998, making it the 14th approved antiretroviral drug.
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Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse trancriptase inhibitor being studied clinically for use in the treatment of HIV infections and AIDS.
- Efavirenz chemically known as (-) 6-Chloro-4-cyclopropylethynyl-4-trifluoromethyl- 1 , 4- dihydro-2H-3, 1-benzoxa zin-2-one, is a highly potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).A number of compounds are effective in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which is the retrovirus that causes progressive destruction of the human immune system. Effective treatment through inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase is known for non- nucleoside based inhibitors. Benzoxazinones have been found to be useful non-nucleoside based inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase.(-) β-chloro^-cyclopropylethynyM-trifluoromethyl-l ,4-dihydro-2H-3,l -ben zoxazin-2-one (Efavirenz) is efficacious against HIV reverse transcriptase resistance. Due to the importance of (-)6-chloro-4-cyclopropylethynyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l,4-dihydro-2H-3,l-ben zoxazin-2- one, economical and efficient synthetic processes for its production needs to be developed.The product patent US5519021. discloses the preparation of Efavirenz, in Example-6, column-29, involving cyclisation of racemic mixture of 2-(2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)-4- cyclopropyl-l,l,l-trifluoro-3-butyn-2-ol using l ,l ‘-carbonyldiimidazole as carbonyl delivering agent to give racemic Efavirenz. Further, resolution of the racemic Efavirenz is carried out using (-) camphanic acid chloride to yield optically pure Efavirenz. However, research article published in the Drugs of the future, 1998, 23(2), 133-141 discloses process for manufacture of optically pure Efavirenz. The process involves cyclisation of racemic 2-(2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)-4-cyclopropyl-l, 1, l-trifluoro-3-butyn-2- ol using 1, 1-carbonyldiimidazole as carbonyl delivering agent to give racemic Efavirenz and further resolution by (-) camphanic acid chloride.Similarly research article published in Synthesis 2000, No. 4, 479-495 discloses stereoselective synthesis of Efavirenz (95%yield, 99.5%ee), as shown below
Even though many prior art processes report method for the preparation of Efavirenz, each process has some limitations with respect to yield, purity, plant feasibility etc. Hence in view of the commercial importance of Efavirenz there remains need for an improved process.
- US 6 028 237 discloses a process for the manufacture of optically pure Efavirenz.
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The synthesis of efavirenz and structurally similar reverse transcriptase inhibitors are disclosed in US Patents 5,519,021, 5,663,169, 5,665,720 and the corresponding PCT International Patent Application WO 95/20389, which published on August 3, 1995. Additionally, the asymmetric synthesis of an enantiomeric benzoxazinone by a highly enantioselective acetylide addition and cyclization sequence has been described by Thompson, et al., Tetrahedron Letters 1995, 36, 8937-8940, as well as the PCT publication, WO 96/37457, which published on November 28, 1996.
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Additionally, several applications have been filed which disclose various aspects of the synthesis of(-)-6-chloro-4-cyclopropylethynyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one including: 1) a process for making the chiral alcohol, U.S.S.N. 60/035,462, filed 14 January 1997; 2) the chiral additive, U.S.S.N. 60/034,926, filed 10 January 1997; 3) the cyclization reaction, U.S.S.N. 60/037,059, filed 12 February 1997; and the anti-solvent crystallization procedure, U.S.S.N. 60/037,385 filed 5 February 1997 and U.S.S.N. 60/042,807 filed 8 April 1997.


Syntheses of EFV API; different routes of manufacturingAPI, active pharmaceutical ingredient; EFV efavirenz. BELOW
Related substances and degradants (partial listing) in EFVAPI, active pharmaceutical ingredient; CPA, cyclopropylacetylene; EFV, efavirenz
Syntheses of EFV API; different routes of manufacturingAPI, active pharmaceutical ingredient; EFV efavirenz.
Chemical properties
Efavirenz is chemically described as (S)-6-chloro-(cyclopropylethynyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one. Its empirical formula is C14H9ClF3NO2. Efavirenz is a white to slightly pink crystalline powder with a molecular mass of 315.68 g/mol. It is practically insoluble in water (<10 µg/mL).
History
Efavirenz was approved by the FDA on September 21, 1998, making it the 14th approved antiretroviral drug.
Society and culture
Pricing information
A one-month supply of 600 mg tablets cost approximately $550 in April 2008.[16] Merck provides efavirenz in certain developing countries at cost, currently about $0.65 per day.[17] Some emerging countries have opted to purchase Indian generics[18] such as Efavir by Cipla Ltd.[19] In Thailand, one month supply of efavirenz + truvada, as of June 2012, costs THB 2900 ($90), there’s also a social program for poorer patients who can’t afford even this price. In South Africa, a license has been granted to generics giant Aspen Pharmacare to manufacture, and distribute to Sub-Saharan Africa, a cost-effective antiretroviral drug.[20]
PATENT
http://www.google.com/patents/WO1999061026A1?cl=en
EXAMPLE 1
Cl
1a
To a solution of trifluoroethanol and (IR, 2S)-N-pyrrolidinyl norephedrine in THF (9 L) under nitrogen is added a solution of diethylzinc in hexane at 0 °C slowly enough to keep the temperature below 30 °C. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 0.5 ~ 1 h. In another dry flask a solution of chloromagnesium cyclopropyl acetylide is prepared as follows: To neat cyclopropyl acetylene at 0 °C is added a solution of rc-butylmagnesium chloride slowly enough to keep the internal temperature < 30 °C. The solution is stirred at 0 °C for ~ 40 min and transfered to the zinc reagent via cannula with 0.36 L of THF as a wash. The mixture is cooled to -10 °C and ketoaniline la is added. The mixture is stirred at -2 to -8 °C for 35 h, warmed to room temperature, stirred for 3 h, and quenched with 30% potassium carbonate over 1.5 h. The mixture is stirred for 4 h and the solid is removed by filtration and washed with THF (2 cake volume). The wet solid still contains -18 wt% of pyrrolidinyl norephedrine and is saved for further study. The filtrate and wash are combined and treated with 30% citric acid. The two layers are separated. The organic layer is washed with water (1.5 L). The combined aqueous layers are extracted with 2.5 L of toluene and saved for norephedrine recovery. The toluene extract is combined with the organic solution and is concentrated to ~ 2.5 L. Toluene is continuously feeded and distilled till THF is not detectable by GC. The final volume is controlled at 3.9 L. Heptane (5.2 L) is added over 1 h. The slurry is cooled to 0 °C, aged for 1 h, and filtered. The solid is washed with heptane (2 cake volume) and dried to give 1.234 Kg (95.2% yield) of amino alcohol 3 as a white crystalline. The material is 99.8 A% pure and 99.3% ee.
EXAMPLE 2
To a three necked round bottom flask, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen line, and thermocouple, was charged the solid amino alcohol 3, MTBE (500 L), and aqueous KHCO3 (45 g in 654 mL H2O). Solid 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate was added, in 4 batches, at 25°C. During the addition the solution pH was monitored. The pH was maintained between 8.5 and 4 during the reaction and ended up at 8.0. The mixture was stirred at 20-25°C for two hours. Aqueous KOH (2N) was added over 20 minutes, until the pH of the aqueous layer reached 11.0.
The layers were separated and 500 mL brine was added to the MTBE layer. 0.1 N Acetic acid was added until the pH was 6-7. The layers were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine (500 mL). At this point the mixture was solvent switched to EtOH/IPA and crystallized as recited in Examples 5 and 6.
EXAMPLE 3
To a three necked round bottom flask, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen line, and thermocouple, was charged the solid amino alcohol 3a, toulene (500 mL), and aqueous KHCO3 (86.5 g in 500 L H2O). Phosgene solution in toulene was added at 25°C, and the mixture was stirred at 20-25°C for two hours.
The layers were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine (500 mL). At this point the mixture was solvent switched to EtOH/IPA and crystallized as recited in Examples 5 and 6.
EXAMPLE 4
To a three necked round bottom flask, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen line, and thermocouple, was charged the solid amino alcohol 3a, MTBE (500 mL), and aqueous KHCO3 (86.5 g in 500 mL H2O). Phosgene gas was slowly passed into the solution at 25°C, until the reaction was complete.
The layers were separated and the organic phase was washed with brine (500 mL). At this point the mixture was solvent switched to EtOH/IPA and crystallized as recited in Examples 5 and 6.
EXAMPLE 5
Crystallization of efavirenz from 30% 2-Propanol in Water using a ratio of 15 ml solvent per gram efavirenz Using Controlled Anti-Solvent Addition on a 400 g Scale.
400 g. of efavirenz starting material is dissolved in 1.8 L of 2- propanol. The solution is filtered to remove extraneous matter. 1.95 L of deionized (DI) water is added to the solution over 30 to 60 minutes. 10 g. to 20 g. of efavirenz seed (Form II wetcake) is added to the solution. The seed bed is aged for 1 hour. The use of Intermig agitators is preferred to mix the slurry. If required (by the presence of extremely long crystals or a thick slurry), the slurry is wet-milled for 15 – 60 seconds. 2.25 L of DI water is added to the slurry over 4 to 6 hours. If required (by the presence of extremely long crystals or a thick slurry), the slurry is wet- milled for 15 – 60 seconds during the addition. The slurry is aged for 2 to 16 hours until the product concentration in the supernatant remains constant. The slurry is filtered to isolate a crystalline wet cake. The wet cake is washed with 1 to 2 bed volumes of 30 % 2-propanol in water and then twice with 1 bed volume of DI water each. The washed wet cake is dried under vacuum at 50°C.
EXAMPLE 6
Crystallization of efavirenz from 30% 2-Propanol in Water using a ratio of 15 ml solvent per gram efavirenz Using a Semi-Continuous Process on a 400 g Scale.
400 g. of efavirenz starting material is dissolved in 1.8 L of 2- propanol. A heel slurry is produced by mixing 20 g. of Form II efavirenz in 0.3 L of 30 % (v/v) 2-propanol in water or retaining part of a slurry froma previous crystallization in the crystallizer. The dissolved batch and 4.2 L of DI water are simultaneously charged to the heel slurry at constant rates over 6 hours to maintain a constant solvent composition in the crystallizer. Use of Intermig agitators during the crystallization is preferred. During this addition the slurry is wet-milled when the crystal lengths become excessively long or the slurry becomes too thick. The slurry is aged for 2 to 16 hours until the product concentration in the supernatant remains constant. The slurry is filtered to isolate a crystalline wet cake. The wet cake is washed with 1 to 2 bed volumes of 30 % 2-propanol in water and then twice with 1 bed volume of DI water each. The washed wet cake is dried under vacuum at 50°C.
EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of Amino Alcohol 3 and ee Upgrading— Through Process
1a
A solution of diethyl zinc in hexane was added to a solution of trifluoroethanol (429.5 g, 4.29’mol) and (IR, 2S)-N-pyrrolidinyl norephedrine (1.35 kg, 6.58 mol) in THF (9 L), under nitrogen, at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for approx. 30 min. In another dry flask a solution of chloromagnesium- cyclopropylacetylide was prepared as follows. To a solution of n- butylmagnesium chloride in THF (2 M, 2.68 L, 5.37 mol) was added neat cyclopropylacetylene at 0 °C keeping the temperature < 25 °C. The solution was stirred at 0 °C for 1 ~ 2 h. The solution of chloromagnesiumcyclopropylacetylide was then warmed to room temperature and was transferred into the zinc reagent via cannula over 5 min followed by vessel rinse with 0.36 L of THF. The resulting mixture was aged at ~ 30 °C for 0.5 h and was then cooled to 20 °C. The ketoaniline 1 (1.00 kg, 4.47 mol) was added in one portion as a solid, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 20-28 °C for 3 h.
The reaction was quenched with 30% aq. potassium carbonate (1.2 L) and aged for 1 h. The solid waste was filtered and the cake was washed with THF (3 cake volumes). The filtrate and wash were combined and solvent switched to IP Ac.
The IPAc solution of product 3 and pyrrolidinyl norephedrine was washed with citric acid (3.5 L) and with water (1.5 L). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with IPAc (2 L) and saved for norephedrine recovery. To the combined organic layers was added
12N HC1 (405 mL, 4.88 mol), to form a thin slurry of the amino alcohol-
HC1 salt. The mixture was aged for 30 min at 25 °C and was then dried azeotropically. The slurry was aged at 25 °C for 30 min and filtered. The cake was washed with 2.5 L of IPAc and dried at 25 °C under vacuum/nitrogen for 24 h to give 1.76 kg of the wet HC1 salt.
The salt was dissolved in a mixture of MTBE (6 L) and aq Na2Cθ3 (1.18 kg in 6.25 L water). The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with 1.25 L of water. The organic layer was then solvent switched into toluene.
Heptane (5 L) was added over 1 h at 25 °C. The slurry was cooled to 0 °C, aged for 1 h, and filtered. The solid was washed with heptane (2 cake volumes) and was dried to give 1.166 kg (90% overall yield) of amino alcohol 3 as a white crystalline solid. Norephedrine recovery
The aqueous solution was basified to pH13 using 50% aq NaOH, and extracted with heptane (2 L). The heptane solution was washed with water (1 L) and concentrated to remove residual IPAc and water. The final volume was adjusted to about 3 L. The heptane solution was cooled to -20 °C, aged for 2 h, and filtered. The solid was washed with cold heptane (1 cake volume) and dried to give 1.269 kg solid (94% recovery)
CLIPS
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/2/221/htm
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References
- 1 “Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents”. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- 2
- “WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines” (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- 3
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External links
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Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
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(4S)-6-chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,4-dihydro-1H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one
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Clinical data | |
Trade names | Sustiva, Stocrin, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a699004 |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration |
By mouth (capsules, tablets) |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 40–45% (under fasting conditions) |
Protein binding | 99.5–99.75% |
Metabolism | Hepatic (CYP2A6 and CYP2B6-mediated) |
Onset of action | 3–5 hours |
Biological half-life | 40–55 hours |
Excretion | Urine (14–34%) and feces (16–61%) |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number | 154598-52-4 ![]() |
ATC code | J05AG03 (WHO) |
PubChem | CID 64139 |
DrugBank | DB00625 ![]() |
ChemSpider | 57715 ![]() |
UNII | JE6H2O27P8 ![]() |
KEGG | D00896 ![]() |
ChEBI | CHEBI:119486 ![]() |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL223228 ![]() |
NIAID ChemDB | 032934 |
PDB ligand ID | EFZ (PDBe, RCSB PDB) |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C14H9ClF3NO2 |
Molar mass | 315.675 g/mol |

FDA Advisory Committee Recommends Approval in U.S. of Umeclidinium/Vilanterol for the Treatment of COPD
umeclidinium
vilanterol
09/10/13 — GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE: GSK) and Theravance, Inc. (NASDAQ: THRX) today announced that the Pulmonary-Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee (PADAC) to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voted 11 yes to 2 no that the efficacy and safety data provide substantial evidence to support approval of umeclidinium/vilanterolumeclidinium (UMEC/VI, 62.5/25mcg dose) for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance bronchodilator treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Anoro Ellipta is the proposed proprietary name for UMEC/VI, a combination of two investigational bronchodilator molecules — GSK573719 or umeclidinium bromide (UMEC), a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and vilanterol (VI), a long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA), administered using the Ellipta inhaler.
The FDA Advisory Committee also voted that the safety of the investigational medicine has been adequately demonstrated at the 62.5/25mcg dose for the proposed indication (10 yes, 3 no), and the efficacy data provided substantial evidence of a clinically meaningful benefit for UMEC/VI 62.5/25mcg once daily for the long-term, maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in COPD (13 yes, 0 no).
Patrick Vallance, GSK’s President of Pharmaceuticals R&D, said: “Today’s recommendation is good news and a reflection of our commitment to giving an alternative treatment option for patients living with COPD — a disease that affects millions of Americans. If approved, Anoro Ellipta will be the first, once-daily dual bronchodilator available in the US, marking another significant milestone for GSK’s portfolio of medicines to treat respiratory disease. We will continue to work with the FDA as they complete their review.”
“We are pleased with the Advisory Committee’s support of UMEC/VI,” said Rick E Winningham, Chief Executive Officer of Theravance. “This is a transformative year for Theravance and today’s positive recommendation brings the second major respiratory medicine in our GSK collaboration closer to approval and becoming an important therapeutic option for COPD patients.”
In December 2012, a New Drug Application (NDA) was submitted to the FDA for the use of UMEC/VI administered by the Ellipta™ inhaler for the long-term once-daily maintenance bronchodilator treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with COPD, including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. UMEC/VI is not proposed for the relief of acute bronchospasm or for the treatment of asthma in any of the regulatory applications.
The FDA Advisory Committee provides non-binding recommendations for consideration by the FDA, with the final decision on approval made by the FDA. The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) goal date for UMEC/VI is 18 December 2013.
UMEC/VI is an investigational medicine and is not currently approved anywhere in the world.
Safety Information
Across the four pivotal COPD studies for UMEC/VI, the most frequently reported adverse events across all treatment arms, including placebo, were headache, nasopharyngitis, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, and back pain. COPD exacerbation was the most common serious adverse event reported. In addition, in the four pivotal COPD studies, a small imbalance was observed in cardiac ischemia which was not observed in the long term safety study.
The UMEC/VI clinical development programme involved over 6,000 COPD patients.
About COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term referring to two lung diseases, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, that are characterized by obstruction to airflow that interferes with normal breathing. COPD is the third most common cause of death in the US and The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) estimates that nearly 15 million US adults have COPD and another 12 million are undiagnosed or developing COPD(1).
According to the NHLI, long-term exposure to lung irritants that damage the lungs and the airways are usually the cause of COPD and in the United States, the most common irritant that causes COPD is cigarette smoke. Breathing in second hand smoke, air pollution, or chemical fumes or dust from the environment or workplace also can contribute to COPD. Most people who have COPD are at least 40 years old when symptoms begin.
Bayer seeks EMA approval for marketing of regorafenib to treat GIST
Bayer seeks EMA approval for marketing of regorafenib to treat GIST
Bayer HealthCare has submitted an application to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for marketing authorisation regarding the oral multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib.
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European Approval for Glaxos Tafinlar
European Approval for Glaxos Tafinlar
Zacks.com
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK – Analyst Report) recently announced that its melanoma drug, Tafinlar, has been cleared by the European Commission (EC). Tafinlar is indicated as a monotherapy for treating adults suffering from unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation
The approval came on the basis of encouraging data from several multi-center global trials including the phase III BREAK-3 study. We remind investors that … Currently approved melanoma drugs include Zelboraf and Yervoy. Glaxo carries a Zacks Rank #3 …http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/108341/european-approval-for-glaxos-tafinlar