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Neurim Pharmaceuticals Announces Positive Phase 2 Clinical Trial Results of Piromelatine for the Treatment of Insomnia
Chemical structures of Neu-P11 (a) and Neu-P5 (b).
structure from- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0731708512005304#gr1
ZURICH, Feb. 18, 2013 Neurim Pharmaceuticals announced today positive results from a phase II clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Piromelatine (Neu-P11), a novel investigational multimodal sleep medicine developed for the treatment of patients with primary and co-morbid insomnia. The new results are from a recent double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, parallel group, non-confirmatory, sleep-laboratory study. The study evaluated piromelatine compared to placebo in 120 adult primary insomnia patients ages 18 years and older.
Piromelatine 20/50mg treatment for 4 weeks resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements relative to placebo in key polysomnographic (PSG) parameters including Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) (p=0.02 for both doses) and in particular WASO for the first 6 hours of sleep (WASO-6h) (p=0.0008 and p=0.04 for the 50 mg and 20 mg groups, respectively). Piromelatine 50 mg also improved Sleep Efficiency (SEF) (p=0.02), Total Sleep Time (TST) (p=0.02), Total Time Awake (TTA) (p=0.01) and time in NREM sleep (p=0.028) indicating beneficial effects on sleep maintenance. Subjective improvements relative to placebo in quality of sleep and total sleep time measured by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) were also observed, confirming the PSG findings. Piromelatine enhanced NREM sleep EEG delta power and significantly reduced beta power (p<0.05). The decrease in EEG beta activity, a marker of cortical arousal, is a physiological surrogate marker of the efficacy of Piromelatine in sleep maintenance. Piromelatine was generally safe and well tolerated, had no detrimental effects on next-day psychomotor performance (as assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)) for any dose group and no deleterious effects on sleep structure and architecture.
“Piromelatine demonstrates a good potential for the treatment of primary insomnia characterized by sleep maintenance disturbances as well as insomnia with psychiatric or medical co-morbidities,” said Prof. Nava Zisapel, CSO of Neurim. The study results will be presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies (APSS) -Sleep 2013 meeting in Baltimore.
PIROMELATINE (NEU-P11)
Piromelatine is a novel compound under development for the treatment of insomnia associated with pain.
Piromelatine is a melatonin agonist, serotonin 5-HT-1A and 5-HT-1D agonist. The compound binds to the MT1, 2 and 3 receptors which govern the body’s sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythm. The sleep promoting, analgesic, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, anti-neurodegenerative, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of Piromelatine have been demonstrated in a series of relevant animal models.
Piromelatine is a multi-facet drug addressing a wide range of potential indications including, but not limited to, insomnia, IBS, neuropathy and fibromyalgia.
Neurim has recently completed a phase-II clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of Piromelatine in patients with primary insomnia.
FDA approves UCLA IND application to commence embryonic stem cell-based trial
12 feb 2013
The USFDA has approved the investigator investigational new drug (IND) application of University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), the clinical partner of Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), to commence a clinical trial using the human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived cells to treat severe myopia.
Embryonic stem cell-based trial was designed to assess the hESC-derived ACT’s retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in patients with severe myopia (nearsightedness).
ACT chairman and CEO Gary Rabin said, “We are pleased to be on track to broaden the scope of our RPE program with the initiation of the new Investigator IND.”
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. They have the ability to renew themselves and to differentiate into a variety of different cell types that are found in the body. Unlike somatic or ‘adult’ stem cells, hESCs proliferate indefinitely. This, together with their ability to differentiate into most adult cell types, has resulted in the preferred use of these cells for research and therapeutic applications, as they represent a potentially indefinite source of therapeutic cells. Any cell therapy derived from hESCs would be allogeneic by nature. Some current studies involve the potential therapeutic application of hESCs for spinal cord injury, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Among the start up cell therapy companies, Geron and Advanced Cell Technologies have pioneered clinical trials using cells differentiated from hESCs.
Mafenide Acetate Topical Solution 5% Approved: February 12, 2013 – Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. Sulfamylon
Mafenide acetate, USP is a synthetic antimicrobial agent designated chemically as a-amino-p- toluenesulfonamide monoacetate. It has the following structural formula:
 |
C7H10N2O2S • C2H4O2
M.W. 246.29Mafenide acetate, USP is a white, crystalline powder which is freely soluble in water.
SULFAMYLON® (mafenide acetate) For 5% Topical Solution is provided in packets containing 50 g of sterile mafenide acetate to be reconstituted in 1000 mL of Sterile Water for irrigation, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Irrigation, USP. After mixing, the solution contains 5% w/v of mafenide acetate. The solution is an antimicrobial preparation suitable for topical administration. The solution Is not for Injection. The reconstituted solution may be held up to 28 days after preparation if stored in unopened containers. ONCE A CONTAINER IS OPENED, ANY UNUSED PORTION SHOULD BE DISCARDED AFTER 48 HOURS. Store the reconstituted solution at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). Limited storage periods at 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) are acceptable.
- Mafenide Acetate Topical Solution 5%
Approved: February 12, 2013 – Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.
Generic for: Sulfamylon
FDA grants fresh approval for Novartis’ Zortress, Everolimus
dihydroxy-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone
Everolimus (RAD-001) is the 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl) derivative of sirolimus and works similarly to sirolimus as an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
It is currently used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants and treatment of renal cell cancer and other tumours. Much research has also been conducted on everolimus and other mTOR inhibitors for use in a number of cancers.
It is marketed by Novartis under the tradenames Zortress (USA) and Certican (Europe and other countries) in transplantation medicine, and Afinitor in oncology.
18 feb 2013
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Novartis’ Zortress for preventing organ rejection in adults receiving a liver transplant.
The Swiss major noted that Zortress (everolimus) is the first mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor given the green light for use following liver transplantation and the first immunosuppressant approved by the FDA in over a decade for that use. The treatment is already on the market for preventing organ rejection in kidney transplant patients.
The approval was based on the largest liver transplant study to date, conducted in 719 liver transplant patients, Novartis says. The data showed that Zortress plus reduced-exposure tacrolimus (a well-established immunosuppresant) led to comparable efficacy and higher renal function compared to standard tacrolimus at 12 months.
Novartis Pharma chief David Epstein noted that this second indication for Zortress in just three years in the USA follows the recent European approval (in the fourth quarter of 2012) of the drug for liver transplants. It is marketed there as Certican and is also approved in Europe in kidney and heart transplantation.
Everolimus is also sold as Afinitor and Volubia in various oncology indications and is licensed to Abbott Laboratories (and sublicensed to Boston Scientific) for use in drug-eluting stents.
http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v8/n7/full/nrd2924.html
take a tour
Eritrea, africa
Eritrea – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eritrea (/ˌɛrɨˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrɨˈtriːə/; Tigrinya: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā ; Arabic: إرتريا … Its name Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ …
Isaias AfwerkiIsaias Afwerki (sometimes spelled Afewerki; Tigrinya: ኢሳይያስ …
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History of EritreaHistory of Eritrea. Coat of Arms of Eritrea. Pre-colonial. Kingdom …
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asmara
asmara
Massawa Old City
Eritrea – Island of the Red Seo of Eritrea –
keren
“Asara” traditional sesami oil press – Eritrea (Saied Ibrahim Yehdego)
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Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, prepares for trial of glaucoma drug
If glaucoma is left untreated, it can lead to blindness.–Courtesy of NIH
LipoLat, a controlled-release glaucoma therapeutic, is a suspension of nanocapsules each trapping a payload of drug. Designed as an injection into the conjunctiva (the outer layer of the eye), LipoLat gradually released the drug and was as effective as eye drops for as long as three months in preclinical trials. According to the researchers, this is now ready to move into human studies.
12th feb 2013
preclinical trials
http://media.ntu.edu.sg/NewsReleases/Pages/newsdetail.aspx?news=15fdbb3e-6724-4bc9-a699-a486c25f510e
For glaucoma patients, taking daily medication will soon become a thing of the past. With Nanyang Technological University’s (NTU) newest solution, a simple, quick and painless injection four times a year would be enough. The solution contains an anti-glaucoma drug wrapped in nano-sized capsules, and is delivered by an injection into the outer layer in the front of the eye (conjunctiva) by the doctor.
The nanocarrier will then slowly release the drug over several weeks. LipoLat, as it is known, is now ready for clinical trials. Extensive pre-clinical studies have shown that this single injection is as effective at treating glaucoma as taking daily eye drops for up to three months.
The newly launched Ocular Therapeutic Engineering Centre will work on this research. Housed at NTU’s School of Materials Science and Engineering, the center builds upon the School’s successful research collaboration with the Singapore Eye Research Institute. The center’s director Professor Subbu Venkatraman, who is also the school chair, said the center will build on the strong research collaboration between clinical scientists and NTU technologists, to develop new drug delivery systems for the eye.
“I hope to showcase this as a good example of how close interactions between medical practitioners and technology providers can lead to rapid translation of ideas to the clinic, such as LipoLat,” said Prof Venkatraman. “We are confident that the products co-developed at the centre will lead on to further discoveries and innovations in ocular therapy.” Working closely with Prof Venkatraman as the co-director of the center is Dr Tina Wong, an adjunct associate professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering and a senior consultant at the Singapore National Eye Centre. She is also head of the Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Group at the Singapore Eye Research Institute
.
Extensive pre-clinical studies have shown that a single injection of the solution developed by Nanyang Technological University is effective in treating glaucoma
The solution developed by the university contains an anti-glaucoma drug wrapped in nano-sized capsules
The solution developed by the university contains an anti-glaucoma drug wrapped in nano-sized capsules
Working closely with Prof Venkatraman (picture) as the Co-Director of the centre is Dr Tina Wong (picture)
Celgene gains SFDA China, approval for marketing Revlimid (lenalidomide) to treat multiple myeloma
(RS)-3-(4-amino-1-oxo 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol- 2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione
Lenalidomide
REVLIMID® is an oral immunomodulatory drug marketed in the United States and many international markets, in combination with dexamethasone, for treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. It is also marketed in the United States and certain international markets for the treatment of transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, or MDS, associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalitie.Revlimid Worldwide annual sales in 2011 was $3.2bLenalidomide (Revlimid) is a derivative of thalidomideintroduced in 2004.It was initially intended as a treatment for multiple myeloma, for which thalidomide is an accepted therapeutic treatment. Lenalidomide has also shown efficacy in the class of hematological disorders known as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Lenalidomide has significantly improved overall survival in myeloma (which generally carries a poor prognosis), although toxicity remains an issue for users. [1]It costs $163,381 per year for the average patient.[2]
Mechanism of action
Lenalidomide has been used to successfully treat both inflammatory disorders and cancers in the past 10 years. There are multiple mechanisms of action, and they can be simplified by organizing them as mechanisms of action in vitro and in vivo.[3] In vitro, lenalidomide has three main activities: direct anti-tumor effect, inhibition of the microenvironment support for tumor cells, and immunomodulatory role. In vivo, lenalidomide induces tumor cell apoptosis directly and indirectly by inhibition of bone marrow stromal cell support, by anti-angiogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic effects, and by immunomodulatory activity. Lenalidomide has a broad range of activities that can be exploited to treat many hematologic and solid cancers.
- McCarthy; Philip L. McCarthy, Kouros Owzar, Craig C. Hofmeister, et al. (May 10, 2012). “Lenalidomide after Stem-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma”. N Engl J Med 366 (19): 1770–1781. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1114083. PMID 22571201.
- Badros, Ashraf Z. Badros (May 10, 2012). “Lenalidomide in Myeloma — A High-Maintenance Friend”. N Engl J Med 366 (19): 1836–1838. doi:10.1056/NEJMe1202819. PMID 22571206.
- Vallet S, Palumbo A, Raje N, Boccadoro M, Anderson KC (July 2008). “Thalidomide and lenalidomide: Mechanism-based potential drug combinations”. Leukemia & Lymphoma 49 (7): 1238–45. doi:10.1080/10428190802005191. PMID 18452080.
FDA approves first retinal implant for adults with rare genetic eye disease
Argus II (credit: Second Sight)Second Sight Medical Products, Inc., is the manufacturer and is already approved in Europe
Argus II components (credit: FDA)
The Argus II design consists of an external video camera system matched to the implanted retinal stimulator, which contains a microelectrode array that spans 20 degrees of visual field.
An external camera system, built into a pair of glasses, streams video to a belt-worn computer, which converts the video into stimulus commands for the implant.
The belt-worn video processing unit (computer) encodes the commands into a wireless signal that is transmitted to the implant, which has the necessary electronics to receive and decode both wireless power and data.
Artificial retina device, consisting of a glasses-mounted camera and a microchip surgically implanted on the retina
Based on those data, the implant stimulates the retina with small electrical pulses. The electronics are hermetically packaged and the electrical stimulus is delivered to the retina via a microelectrode array.
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals Announces Results From Phase II Clinical Trial of Bavituximab in Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer
TUSTIN, CA 02/13/13 — Peregrine Pharmaceuticals announced results from its 70 patient open-label, randomized Phase II clinical trial of bavituximab used in combination with gemcitabine in patients with previously untreated, advanced Stage IV pancreatic cancer. The trial included the enrollment of patients with advanced metastatic disease including significant liver involvement and poor performance status associated with rapid disease progression. Results showed that the combination of bavituximab and gemcitabine resulted in more than a doubling of overall response rates (ORR) and an improvement in overall survival (OS) when compared with gemcitabine alone (control arm). In the trial, patients treated with a combination of bavituximab and gemcitabine had a 28% tumor response rate as compared to 13% in the control arm. Median OS, the primary endpoint of the trial, was 5.6 months for the bavituximab plus gemcitabine arm and 5.2 months for the control arm (hazard ratio = 0.75).
Bavituximab binds to phosphatidylserine which is exposed on the surface of certain atypical animal cells, including tumour cells and cells infected with any of six different families of virus. These viral families contain the viruses hepatitis C, influenza A and B, HIV 1 and 2, measles, respiratory syncytial virus and pichinde virus, which is a model for the deadly Lassa virus.[2] Other cells are not affected since phosphatidylserine normally is only intracellular.[3]
Bavituximab binds to various aminophospholipids and is dependent on interaction with plasma protein beta-2 glycoprotein I to mediate binding.
These target aminophospholipids, usually residing only on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of cells, become exposed in virally infected, damaged or malignant cells, and more generally in most cells undergoing the process of apoptosis.
The antibody’s binding to phospholipids alerts the body’s immune system to attack the tumor endothelial cells, thrombosing the tumor’s vascular network and/or attacking free floating virally infected and metastatic cells while potentially minimizing side effects in healthy tissues.
- Statement on a nonproprietary name adopted by the USAN council
- Nature Medicine 14, 1357 – 1362 (2008)
- He, J.; Yin, Y.; Luster, T. A.; Watkins, L.; Thorpe, P. E. (2009). “Antiphosphatidylserine Antibody Combined with Irradiation Damages Tumor Blood Vessels and Induces Tumor Immunity in a Rat Model of Glioblastoma”. Clinical Cancer Research 15 (22): 6871–6880. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-1499. PMID 19887482. edit
- New Progression-Free Survival Data From Peregrine’s Bavituximab in Phase II Refractory Breast Cancer
- Phase II Advanced Breast Cancer Data to Be Presented at ASCO Highlight Promising Tumor Response and Progression-Free Survival Data With Peregrine’s Bavituximab
- Pharma company completes humanization of 3G4 antibody
- He, J.; Luster, T. A.; Thorpe, P. E. (2007). “Radiation-Enhanced Vascular Targeting of Human Lung Cancers in Mice with a Monoclonal Antibody That Binds Anionic Phospholipids”. Clinical Cancer Research 13 (17): 5211–5218. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0793. PMID 17785577. edit
- Ran; Downes, A.; Thorpe, P. E. (2002). “Increased exposure of anionic phospholipids on the surface of tumor blood vessels”. Cancer Research 62 (21): 6132–6140. PMID 12414638.
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AbbVie Announces First Long-term, Patient-Reported Health Outcomes Data for Use of HUMIRA® (Adalimumab) in Patients with Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
Adalimumab
monoclonal antibody
http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v2/n9/fig_tab/nrd1182_F1.html
VIENNA, Feb. 15, 2013 AbbVie announced the first long-term, patient-reported health outcomes data from analyses of the Phase 3 IMAgINE-1 trial. The analyses assessed improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures for pediatric patients aged 6 to 17 years with severe active Crohn’s disease, taking HUMIRA, who had an inadequate response, were intolerant or had contraindications to conventional therapy, as well as the work productivity of their caregivers throughout the 52-week study. The results of these analyses are being presented this week at the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) 8th Annual Congress.
Adalimumab (HUMIRA, Abbott) is the third TNF inhibitor, after infliximab and etanercept, to be approved in the United States. Like infliximab and etanercept, adalimumab binds to Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), preventing it from activating TNF receptors. Adalimumab was constructed from a fully human monoclonal antibody, while infliximab is a mouse-human chimeric antibody and etanercept is a TNF receptor-IgG fusion protein. TNFα inactivation has proven to be important in downregulating the inflammatory reactions associated with autoimmune diseases. As of 2008 adalimumab has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, moderate to severe chronic psoriasis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Although only approved for ulcerative colitis from late 2012 by the FDA in the disease’s management, it has been used for several years in cases that have not responded to conventional treatment at standard dosing for Crohn’s Disease.
However, because TNFα is part of the immune system that protects the body from infection, prolonged treatment with adalimumab may slightly increase the risk of developing infections.
HUMIRA (“Human Monoclonal Antibody in Rheumatoid Arthritis”) is marketed in both preloaded 0.8 mL syringes and also in preloaded pen devices (called Humira Pen), both injected subcutaneously, typically by the patient at home.
Adalimumab was discovered as a result of the collaboration between BASF Bioresearch Corporation (Worcester, Massachusetts, a unit of BASF) and Cambridge Antibody Technology which began in 1993.[4]
The drug candidate was discovered initially using CAT’s phage display technology and named D2E7.[2] The key components of the drug were found by guiding the selection of human antibodies from phage display repertoires to a single epitope of an antigen TNF alpha.[5] The ultimate clinical candidate, D2E7, was created and manufactured at BASF Bioresearch Corporation and taken through most of the drug development process by BASF Knoll, then further development, manufacturing and marketing by Abbott Laboratories, after Abbott acquired the pharmaceutical arm of BASF Knoll.[6]
Adalimumab was the first fully human monoclonal antibody drug approved by the FDA. It was derived from phage display,[1] and was discovered through a collaboration between BASF Bioresearch Corporation (Worcester, Massachusetts, a unit of BASF) and Cambridge Antibody Technology as D2E7,[2] then further manufactured at BASF Bioresearch Corporation and developed by BASF Knoll (BASF Pharma) and, ultimately, manufactured and marketed by Abbott Laboratories after the acquisition of BASF Pharma by Abbott.
In 2009, HUMIRA had over $5 billion in annual sales.[3]
Components of a Humira autoinjector pen
- Brekke OH , Sandlie I (January 2003). “Therapeutic antibodies for human diseases at the dawn of the twenty-first century”. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2 (1): 52–62. doi:10.1038/nrd984. PMID 12509759.
- Kempeni J (January 1999). “Preliminary results of early clinical trials with the fully human anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody D2E7”. Ann Rheum Dis 58 (suppl 1): I70–2. doi:10.1136/ard.58.2008.i70. PMC 1766582. PMID 10577977.
- http://www.abbott.com/static/content/microsite/annual_report/2006/humira.html
- [1] Cambridge Antibody Technology website
- Jespers LS, Roberts A, Mahler SM, Winter G, Hoogenboom HR (September 1994). “Guiding the selection of human antibodies from phage display repertoires to a single epitope of an antigen”. Biotechnology (N.Y.) 12 (9): 899–903. doi:10.1038/nbt0994-899. PMID 7521646.
- http://www2.basf.us/corporate/news2000/newsknoll_pharma_121500.html
- http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-12-2001/0001613559&EDATE=
- Rau R (January 2002). “Adalimumab (a fully human anti-tumour necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody) in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis: the initial results of five trials”. Ann Rheum Dis 61 (Suppl 2): ii70–3. doi:10.1136/ard.61.suppl_2.ii70. PMC 1766697. PMID 12379628.
Genzyme Announces Positive New Data from Two Phase 3 Studies for Oral Eliglustat Tartrate for Gaucher Disease
Eliglustat tartrate (USAN)
ENGAGE Study Results:
In ENGAGE, a Phase 3 trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eliglustat tartrate in 40 treatment-naïve patients with Gaucher disease type 1, improvements were observed across all primary and secondary efficacy endpoints over the 9-month study period. Results were reported today at the WORLD Symposium by Pramod Mistry, MD, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Pediatrics & Internal Medicine at Yale University School of Medicine, and an investigator in the trial.
The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study had a primary efficacy endpoint of improvement in spleen size in patients treated with eliglustat tartrate. Patients were stratified at baseline by spleen volume. In the study, a statistically significant improvement in spleen size was observed at nine months in patients treated with eliglustat tartrate compared with placebo. Spleen volume in patients treated with eliglustat tartrate decreased from baseline by a mean of 28 percent compared with a mean increase of two percent in placebo patients, for an absolute difference of 30 percent (p<0.0001).
Eliglustat tartate (Genz-112638)
What is Eliglustat?
- Eliglustat is a new investigational phase 3 compound from Genzyme Corporation that is being studied for type 1 Gaucher Disease.
- Eliglustat works as a substrate reduction therapy by reducing glucocerebroside. formation.
- This product is an oral agent (i.e. a pill) that is taken once or twice a day in contrast to an IV infusion for enzyme replacement therapy. Enzyme replacement therapy focuses on replenishing the enzyme that is deficient in Gaucher Disease and breaks down glucocerebroside that accumulates.
- The clinical trials for eliglustat tartate are sponsored by Genzyme Corporation.
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY
New Drug Approvals 