eravacycline

http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/usan/eravacycline.pdf

1-Pyrrolidineacetamide, N-[(5aR,6aS,7S,10aS)-9-(aminocarbonyl)-7-(dimethylamino)-
4-fluoro-5,5a,6,6a,7,10,10a,12-octahydro-1,8,10a,11-tetrahydroxy-10,12-dioxo-2-
naphthacenyl]-
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-7-fluoro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-9-
[(pyrrolidin-1-ylacetyl)amino]-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide

MOLECULAR FORMULA C27H31FN4O8
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 558.6

SPONSOR Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
CODE DESIGNATION TP-434
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 1207283-85-9
WHO NUMBER 9702

Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ:TTPH) today announced that it will present two posters at IDWeek 2013 that examine the potential of its lead antibiotic candidate eravacycline to treat serious multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections. The first will highlight positive results of a Phase 1 study assessing the bronchopulmonary disposition safety and tolerability of eravacycline in healthy men and women; this study represents the first clinical assessment of eravacycline for potential use in treating pneumonia. The second poster will provide the results of a study that examined the activity of eravacycline in vitro against multiple Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens to set quality-control limits for monitoring eravacycline activity in future testing programs.
http://www.pharmiweb.com/pressreleases/pressrel.asp?ROW_ID=79335#.Uk6MOoanonU
More: http://www.pharmiweb.com/pressreleases/pressrel.asp?ROW_ID=79335#.Uk6MOoanonU#ixzz2gkEMTtQm

Eravacycline (TP-434) is a synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic in development.

Eravacycline (TP-434 or 7-fluoro-9-pyrrolidinoacetamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline) is a novel fluorocycline that was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against panels of recent aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Eravacycline showed potent broad spectrum activity against 90% of the isolates (MIC₉₀) in each panel at concentrations ranging from ≤0.008 to 2 μg/mL for all species panels except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia (MIC₉₀ values of 32 μg/mL for both organisms). The antibacterial activity of eravacycline was minimally affected by expression of tetracycline-specific efflux and ribosomal protection mechanisms in clinical isolates. Further, eravacycline was active against multidrug-resistant bacteria, including those expressing extended spectrum β-lactamases and mechanisms conferring resistance to other classes of antibiotics, including carbapenem resistance. Eravacycline has the potential to be a promising new IV/oral antibiotic for the empiric treatment of complicated hospital/healthcare infections and moderate-to-severe community-acquired infections.

Tetraphase’s lead product candidate, eravacycline, has also received an award from Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) that provides for funding  to develop eravacycline as a potential counter-measure to certain biothreat pathogens. It is worth up to USD 67 million.

Process R&D of Eravacycline: The First Fully Synthetic Fluorocycline in Clinical Development

Eravacycline (TP-434)

We are developing our lead product candidate, eravacycline, as a broad-spectrum intravenous and oral antibiotic for use as a first-line empiric monotherapy for the treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections, including MDR Gram-negative bacteria. We developed eravacycline using our proprietary chemistry technology. We completed a successful Phase 2 clinical trial of eravacycline with intravenous administration for the treatment of patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) and have initiated the Phase 3 clinical program.

Eravacycline is a novel, fully synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. We selected eravacycline for development from tetracycline derivatives that we generated using our proprietary chemistry technology on the basis of the following characteristics of the compound that we observed in in vitro studies of the compound:

• potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of susceptible and multi-drug resistant bacteria, including Gram-negative, Gram-positive, atypical and anaerobic bacteria;
• potential to treat the majority of patients as a first-line empiric monotherapy with convenient dosing; and
• potential for intravenous-to-oral step-down therapy.

In in vitro studies, eravacycline has been highly active against emerging multi-drug resistant pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii as well as clinically important species ofEnterobacteriaceae, including those isolates that produce ESBLs or are resistant to the carbapenem class of antibiotics, and anaerobes.

Based on in vitro studies we have completed, eravacycline shares a similar potency profile with carbapenems except that it more broadly covers Gram-positive pathogens like MRSA and enterococci, is active against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and unlike carbapenems like Primaxin and Merrem is not active against Pseudomanas aeruginosa. Eravacycline has demonstrated strong activity in vitro against Gram-positive pathogens, including both nosocomial and community-acquired methicillin susceptible or resistantStaphylococcus aureus strains, vancomycin susceptible or resistant Enterococcus faecium andEnterococcus faecalis, and penicillin susceptible or resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In in vitro studies for cIAI, eravacycline consistently exhibited strong activity against enterococci and streptococci. One of the most frequently isolated anaerobic pathogens in cIAI, either as the sole pathogen or often in conjunction with another Gram-negative bacterium, is Bacteroides fragilis. In these studies eravacycline demonstrated activity against Bacteroides fragilis and a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes.

Key Differentiating Attributes of Eravacycline
The following key attributes of eravacycline, observed in clinical trials and preclinical studies of eravacycline, differentiate eravacycline from other antibiotics targeting multi-drug resistant infections, including multi-drug resistant Gram-negative infections. These attributes will make eravacycline a safe and effective treatment for cIAI, cUTI and other serious and life-threatening infections for which we may develop eravacycline, such as ABSSSI and acute bacterial pneumonias.

• Broad-spectrum activity against a wide variety of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative, Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. In our recently completed Phase 2 clinical trial of the intravenous formulation of eravacycline, eravacycline demonstrated a high cure rate against a wide variety of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative, Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. In addition, in in vitro studies eravacycline demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli; ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae; Acinetobacter baumannii; Gram-positive bacteria, including MSRA and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, or VRE; and anaerobic pathogens. As a result of this broad-spectrum coverage, eravacycline has the potential to be used as a first-line empiric monotherapy for the treatment of cIAI, cUTI, ABSSSI, acute bacterial pneumonias and other serious and life-threatening infections.
• Favorable safety and tolerability profile. Eravacycline has been evaluated in more than 250 subjects in the Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials that we have conducted. In these trials, eravacycline demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile. In our recent Phase 2 clinical trial of eravacycline, no patients suffered any serious adverse events, and safety and tolerability were comparable to ertapenem, the control therapy in the trial. In addition, in the Phase 2 clinical trial, the rate at which gastrointestinal adverse events such as nausea and vomiting that occurred in the eravacycline arms was comparable to the rate of such events in the ertapenem arm of the trial.
• Convenient dosing regimen. In our recently completed Phase 2 clinical trial we dosed eravacycline once or twice a day as a monotherapy. Eravacycline will be able to be administered as a first-line empiric monotherapy with once- or twice-daily dosing, avoiding the need for complicated dosing regimens typical of multi-drug cocktails and the increased risk of negative drug-drug interactions inherent to multi-drug cocktails.
• Potential for convenient intravenous-to-oral step-down. In addition to the intravenous formulation of eravacycline, we are also developing an oral formulation of eravacycline. If successful, this oral formulation would enable patients who begin intravenous treatment with eravacycline in the hospital setting to transition to oral dosing of eravacycline either in hospital or upon patient discharge for convenient home-based care. The availability of both intravenous and oral administration and the oral step-down will reduce the length of a patient’s hospital stay and the overall cost of care.

Additionally, in February 2012, Tetraphase announced a contract award from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) worth up to $67 million for the development of eravacycline, from which Tetraphase may receive up to approximately $40 million in funding. The contract includes pre-clinical efficacy and toxicology studies; clinical studies; manufacturing activities; and associated regulatory activities to position the broad-spectrum antibiotic eravacycline as a potential empiric countermeasure for the treatment of inhalational disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis.\

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Process research and development of the first fully synthetic broad spectrum 7-fluorotetracycline in clinical development is described. The process utilizes two key intermediates in a convergent approach. The key transformation is a Michael–Dieckmann reaction between a suitable substituted aromatic moiety and a key cyclohexenone derivative. Subsequent deprotection and acylation provide the desired active pharmaceutical ingredient in good overall yield.

Process R&D of Eravacycline: The First Fully Synthetic Fluorocycline in Clinical Development