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ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY

Read all about Organic Spectroscopy on ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY INTERNATIONAL 

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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, NIPER-G, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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Ladostigil


Ladostigil.png

Ladostigil.png

Ladostigil, TV-3,326

(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate

(3R)-3-(Prop-2-ynylamino)indan-5-yl ethyl(methyl)carbamate; R-CPAI

Carbamic acid, ethylmethyl-, (3R)-2,3-dihydro-3-(2-propynylamino)-1H-inden-5-yl ester

Condition(s): Mild Cognitive Impairment
U.S. FDA Status: Mild Cognitive Impairment (Phase 2)
Company: Avraham Pharmaceuticals Ltd

Target Type: Cholinergic System

CAS No: 209349-27-4
Synonyms: Ladostigil, TV-3326, UNII-SW3H1USR4Q
Molecular Weight: 272.346 g/mol
Chemical Formula: C16-H20-N2-O2
IUPAC Name: (3R)-3-(Prop-2-ynylamino)indan-5-yl ethyl(methyl)carbamate N-Propargyl-(3R)-aminoindan-5-yl) ethyl methyl carbamate

Ladostigil tartrate Structure

CAS 209394-46-7, Ladostigil tartrate

N-Ethyl-N-methylcarbamic acid 3(R)-(2-propynylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester L-tartrate

In 2010, ladostigil tartrate was licensed by Technion Research & Development Foundation and Yissum to Avraham for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurogenerative diseases.

Ladostigil (TV-3,326) is a novel neuroprotective agent being investigated for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders likeAlzheimer’s disease, Lewy body disease, and Parkinson’s disease.[1] It acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase andbutyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, and an irreversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, and combines the mechanisms of action of older drugs like rivastigmine and rasagiline into a single molecule.[2][3] In addition to its neuroprotective properties, ladostigil enhances the expression of neurotrophic factors like GDNF and BDNF, and may be capable of reversing some of the damage seen in neurodegenerative diseases via the induction of neurogenesis.[4] Ladostigil also has antidepressant effects, and may be useful for treating comorbid depression and anxiety often seen in such diseases as well.[5][6]

Ladostigil [(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate] is a dual acetylcholine-butyrylcholineesterase and brain selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B inhibitor in vivo (with little or no MAO inhibitory effect in the liver and small intestine), intended for the treatment of dementia co-morbid with extrapyramidal disorders and depression (presently in a Phase IIb clinical study). This suggests that the drug should not cause a significant potentiation of the cardiovascular response to tyramine, thereby making it a potentially safer antidepressant than other irreversible MAO-A inhibitors. Ladostigil was shown to antagonize scopolamine-induced impairment in spatial memory, indicating that it can cause significant increases in rat brain cholinergic activity. Furthermore, ladostigil prevented gliosis and oxidative-nitrative stress and reduced the deficits in episodic and spatial memory induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in rats. Ladostigil was demonstrated to possess potent anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities in vitro and in various neurodegenerative rat models, (e.g. hippocampal damage induced by global ischemia in gerbils and cerebral oedema induced in mice by closed head injury). These neuroprotective activities involve regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing; activation of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways; inhibition of neuronal death markers; prevention of the fall in mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of neurotrophic factors and antioxidative activity. Recent findings demonstrated that the major metabolite of ladostigil, hydroxy-1-(R)-aminoindan has also a neuroprotective activity and thus, may contribute to the overt activity of its parent compound. This review will discuss the scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential use of ladostigil in Alzheimer’s and Lewy Body diseases and the molecular signaling pathways that are considered to be involved in the biological activities of the drug

PAPER

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry (2012), 23(5), 333-338

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957416612001334

Image for unlabelled figure

Graphical absImg(R)-3-(Prop-2-ynylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ethyl(methyl)carbamate

C16H20N2O2

ee: 89%

View the MathML source (c 1.46, CHCl3)

Source of chirality: the precursor

Absolute configuration: (R)

Contact Us

Yona Geffen CEO
Avraham Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
42 Hayarkon st.
Northern Industrial Zone
Yavneh, 81227
Israel

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WO2006130726A2 31 May 2006 7 Dec 2006 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Use of ladostigil for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
WO2007087029A2 * 11 Dec 2006 2 Aug 2007 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Use of low-dose ladostigil for neuroprotection
WO2009022345A1 14 Aug 2008 19 Feb 2009 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Phenyl carbamates for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
WO2009022346A2 14 Aug 2008 19 Feb 2009 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Phenyl carbamates for treating gastrointestinal inflammation
WO2012059920A1 2 Nov 2011 10 May 2012 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Ltd. Ladostigil dosage regime
US6251938 18 Jun 1999 26 Jun 2001 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Phenylethylamine derivatives
US6303650 18 Jun 1999 16 Oct 2001 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Aminoindan derivatives
US6538025 31 Aug 2001 25 Mar 2003 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Aminoindan derivatives
US7335685 22 Feb 2006 26 Feb 2008 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Crystals of ladostigil tartrate, methods of production and pharmaceutical compositions thereof
US7375249 21 Feb 2006 20 May 2008 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Process for the synthesis of enantiomeric indanylamine derivatives
US7476757 15 Apr 2008 13 Jan 2009 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Process for the synthesis of enantiomeric indanylamine derivatives
US7491847 15 Nov 2006 17 Feb 2009 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Methods for isolating propargylated aminoindans
US20050222123 27 Jan 2005 6 Oct 2005 North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute Cholinesterase inhibitors for treating inflammation
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US20060189819 22 Feb 2006 24 Aug 2006 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Crystals of ladostigil tartrate, methods of production and pharmaceutical compositions thereof
US20060199974 21 Feb 2006 7 Sep 2006 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Process for the synthesis of enantiomeric indanylamine derivatives
US20070088082 28 Sep 2006 19 Apr 2007 Judith Aronhime Polymorphic forms of ladostigil tartrate
US20070093549 28 Sep 2006 26 Apr 2007 Judith Aronhime Methods for preparation of ladostigil tartrate crystalline form A1
US20070112217 15 Nov 2006 17 May 2007 Anton Frenkel Methods for isolating propargylated aminoindans
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US20070232691 28 Mar 2007 4 Oct 2007 Tamar Goren Use of ladostigil for the treatment of schizophrenia
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Citing Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title
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WO2013118126A1 Feb 11, 2013 Aug 15, 2013 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Ltd. Ladostigil therapy for immunomodulation
Ladostigil
Ladostigil.png
Systematic (IUPAC) name
[(3R)-3-(prop-2-ynylamino)indan-5-yl]-N-propylcarbamate
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
Oral
Legal status
Legal status
  • Uncontrolled
Identifiers
CAS Number 209349-27-4
ATC code none
PubChem CID 208907
ChemSpider 181005
UNII SW3H1USR4Q Yes
Synonyms [N-propargyl-(3R)-aminoindan-5yl]-N-propylcarbamate
Chemical data
Formula C16H20N2O2
Molar mass 272.34 g/mol

///////////Ladostigil, TV-3,326

c1c(cc2c(c1)CC[C@H]2NCC#C)OC(=O)N(CC)C

EDQM’s new Guideline on Electronic Submissions for CEP Applications


DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D's avatarDRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

EDQM’s new Guideline on Electronic Submissions for CEP Applications

As of today (June, 1st 2016), the EDQM doesn’t accept any CEP application in paper format. Read more here about the structure of the electronic submission of an application for a Certificate of Suitability and the errors to avoid.

SEE

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05380_EDQM-s-new-Guideline-on-Electronic-Submissions-for-CEP-Applications_15429,15332,S-WKS_n.html

The EDQM has recently published a document entitled “Guidance for electronic submissions for Certificates of Suitability (CEP) applications” (PA/PH/CEP (09) 108, 3R) in which the authority describes the requirements to be considered for the submission of an application for a CEP. Let us give you the most important message straight away: the EDQM now only accepts CEP applications in the electronic format since June 1st 2016.

Only the following formats are authorised within an application procedure: PDF, NeeS (non-eCTD electronic submission), VNeeS (the respective application format for veterinary purposes) and eCTD. A change of format during an ongoing…

View original post 320 more words

Results of a Survey on ICH Q3D “Elemental Impurities”


DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D's avatarDRUG REGULATORY AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL

For most companies manufacturing APIs and pharmaceutical products, the implementation of ICH Q3D has a serious impact – as shown in a survey recently carried out by the ECA. Read more about the issues encountered by many companies regarding the assessment and control of elemental impurities and the kind of support they wish.

SEE

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05395_Results-of-a-Survey-on-ICH-Q3D-%22Elemental-Impurities%22_15499,15332,S-AYL_n.html

One and a half years after the official entry into force of the ICH Q3D Guideline for “Elemental Impurities” and several supporting documents from the ICH (e.g. “Training Package: Modules 0-7“) a number of questions as regards implementation remain.

In a survey recently performed by the ECA, questions were posed about the issues relating to the fulfilling of the requirements laid down in ICH Q3D. The feedback from almost 80 participants from medium and large pharmaceutical companies and API manufacturers located in Germany and other EU Member States shows remarkable results which harsh…

View original post 247 more words

Дапипразол Dapiprazole


Dapiprazole.svg

Dapiprazole

CAS 72822-12-9

HCL SALT 72822-13-0

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3-(2-(4-(O-tolyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-S-triazolo(4,3-a)pyridine

Dapiprazole (Rev-Eyes) is an alpha blocker. It is used to reverse mydriasis after eye examination.[1]

Used in the treatment of iatrogenically induced mydriasis produced by adrenergic (phenylephrine) or parasympatholytic (tropicamide) agents used in certain eye examinations.

Dapiprazole is an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. It produces miosis by blocking the alpha-adrenergic receptors on the dilator muscle of the iris. Dapiprazole produces no significant action on ciliary muscle contraction and thus, there are no changes in the depth of the anterior chamber of the thickness of the lens. It does not alter the IOP either in normal eyes or in eyes with elevated IOP. The rate of pupillary constriction may be slightly slower in clients with brown irises than in clients with blue or green irises.

Dapiprazole acts through blocking the alpha1-adrenergic receptors in smooth muscle. It produces miosis through an effect on the dilator muscle of the iris and does not have any significant activity on ciliary muscle contraction and, therefore does not induce a significant change in the anterior chamber depth or the thickness of the lens.

Oral LD50 is 1189-2100 mg/kg in mice, rats and rabbits.

Brief background information

Salt ATC formula MM CASE
N05AX
S01EX02
C19H27N5 325.46 g / mol 72822-12-9
monogïdroxlorïd N05AX
S01EX02
C19H27N5 · HCl 361.92 g / mol 72822-13-0

Application

  • antipsihoticheskoe means
  • in the treatment of glaucoma

Classes substance

  • Piperazinы
    • 1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-a] piridinы

Synthesis

STR1

 

 

Синтез a)

Scheme illustration:By cyclization of O-methylvalerolactam (I) with 3-(4-o-tolyl-1-piperazinyl) propionic acid hydrazide (II) in refluxing xylene, followed by a treatment with ethanolic HCl.

FR 2423221; GB 2020269; JP 54157576; NL 7902489; US 4252721

 

 

Acylation of (1-methylcyclopropyl)guanidine (IV) with 3-bromo-5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (III) under Schotten-Baumann conditions afforded the sulfonyl guanidine (V). This was cyclized to the desired thienothiadiazine upon treatment with Cs2CO3 and Cu2O in boiling butanol.

 

In a different method, (1-methylcyclopropyl)guanidine (I) is acylated by 3-bromo-5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (II) to produce the sulfonyl guanidine (III). Intramolecular cyclization of (III) in the presence of Cu2O and Cs2CO3 leads to the title thienothiadiazine derivative. Similarly, acylation of guanidine (I) with 3,5-dichlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (IV) provides sulfonyl guanidine (V), which is then cyclized in the presence of Cu2O and Cs2CO3.

 

In an alternative method, sulfonylation of N-isopropylguanidine (V) with 2,5-dichlorothiophene-3-sulfonyl chloride (IV) produced the sulfonyl guanidine (VI). This was then cyclized to the title compound by treatment with copper bronze and potassium carbonate in boiling DMF……..WO 0102410

Trade names

country Tradename Manufacturer
Germany Remidrial winegrower
Italy Glamidolo Angelini, 1987
Ukraine no no

Formulations

  • eyedrops 50 mg / 10 ml (5%) (hydrochloride)

References

  • DE 2 915 318 (Angelini; appl. 14.4.1979; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
  • US 4 307 095 (Angelini; 22.12.1981; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
  • US 4 307 096 (Angelini; 22.12.1981; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
  • US 4 325 952 (Angelini; 20.4.1982; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
  • BE 877 161 (Angelini; appl. 21.6.1979).

References

  1. Doughty, Michael J.; Lyle, William M. (May 1992). “A Review of the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Pilocarpine, Moxisylyte (Thymoxamine), and Dapiprazole in the Reversal of Diagnostic Pupillary Dilation”. Optometry & Vision Science 69 (5).
  2. US 4 307 096 (Angelini; 22.12.1981; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
  3.  US 4 325 952 (Angelini; 20.4.1982; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
  4. BE 877 161 (Angelini; appl. 21.6.1979).
  5. DE 2 915 318 (Angelini; appl. 14.4.1979; I-prior. 18.4.1978).
  6. US 4 307 095 (Angelini; 22.12.1981; prior. 29.3.1979, 29.8.1980; I-prior. 18.4.1978).

Structural formula

UV- Spectrum

Conditions : Concentration – 1 mg / 100 ml
The solvent designation schedule methanol
water
0.1М HCl
0.1M NaOH
maximum absorption 235 nm 235 nm 234 nm There
decay
212 179 172
e 7650 6450 6200

IR – spectrum

Wavelength (μm)
Wave number (cm -1 )

 STR1
STR1

References

  • UV and IR Spectra. H.-W. Dibbern, R.M. Muller, E. Wirbitzki, 2002 ECV
  • NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library 2008
  • Handbook of Organic Compounds. NIR, IR, Raman, and UV-Vis Spectra Featuring Polymers and Surfactants, Jr., Jerry Workman. Academic Press, 2000.
  • Handbook of ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of organic compounds, K. Hirayama. Plenum Press Data Division, 1967.

 

Dapiprazole
Dapiprazole.svg
Systematic (IUPAC) name
3-{2-[4-(2-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-5,6,7,8-
tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,5-a]pyridine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com Consumer Drug Information
MedlinePlus a601043
Pregnancy
category
  • B
Routes of
administration
Topical (eye drops)
Legal status
Legal status
  • ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Negligible when administered topically
Identifiers
CAS Number 72822-12-9 Yes
ATC code S01EX02 (WHO)
PubChem CID 3033538
IUPHAR/BPS 7155
DrugBank DB00298 Yes
ChemSpider 2298190 Yes
UNII 5RNZ8GJO7K Yes
KEGG D07775 Yes
ChEBI CHEBI:51066 Yes
ChEMBL CHEMBL1201216 
Chemical data
Formula C19H27N5
Molar mass 325.451 g/mol

//////Дапипразол ,  Dapiprazole, AF-2139, Remydrial, Rev-Eyes, Reversil, Glamidolo

n1nc(n2c1CCCC2)CCN4CCN(c3ccccc3C)CC4

GSK 6853


STR1

STR1

GSK 6853

CAS  1910124-24-1

C22 H27 N5 O3, 409.48
Benzamide, N-[2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-6-[(2R)-2-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-2-methoxy-
(R)-N-(1 ,3- dimethyl-6-(2-methylpiperazin-1 -yl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-2- methoxybenzamide

A white solid.

LCMS (high pH): Rt = 0.90 min, [M+H+]+ 410.5.

δΗ NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) ppm 10.74 (s, 1 H), 8.39 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.57 (ddd, J = 8.3, 7.2, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.23 (s, 1 H), 7.17-7.1 1 (m, 1 H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.30 (br s, 1 H), 3.07-3.02 (m, 1 H), 3.02-2.99 (m, 1 H), 2.92-2.87 (m, 1 H), 2.80 (td, J = 1 1.3, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.73 (td, J = 1 1 .0, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.68-2.63 (m, 1 H), 2.55 (dd, J = 12.0, 9.8 Hz, 1 H), 0.71 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H).

δ0 NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6) ppm 162.1 , 156.8, 154.1 , 134.4, 133.2, 131.5, 130.1 , 126.6, 125.7, 121.9, 121.0, 1 12.5, 103.0, 99.4, 56.8, 55.4, 55.3, 53.3, 46.3, 26.8, 26.6, 16.7.

[aD]25 °c = -50.1 (c = 0.3, MeOH).

Scheme 1

STR1

The genomes of eukaryotic organisms are highly organised within the nucleus of the cell. The long strands of duplex DNA are wrapped around an octomer of histone proteins (most usually comprising two copies of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) to form a

nucleosome. This basic unit is then further compressed by the aggregation and folding of nucleosomes to form a highly condensed chromatin structure. A range of different states of condensation are possible, and the tightness of this structure varies during the cell cycle, being most compact during the process of cell division. Chromatin structure plays a critical role in regulating gene transcription, which cannot occur efficiently from highly condensed chromatin. The chromatin structure is controlled by a series of post-translational

modifications to histone proteins, notably histones H3 and H4, and most commonly within the histone tails which extend beyond the core nucleosome structure. These modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, SUMOylation and numerous others. These epigenetic marks are written and erased by specific enzymes, which place the tags on specific residues within the histone tail, thereby forming an epigenetic code, which is then interpreted by the cell to allow gene specific regulation of chromatin structure and thereby transcription.

Histone acetylation is usually associated with the activation of gene transcription, as the modification loosens the interaction of the DNA and the histone octomer by changing the electrostatics. In addition to this physical change, specific proteins bind to acetylated lysine residues within histones to read the epigenetic code. Bromodomains are small (=1 10 amino acid) distinct domains within proteins that bind to acetylated lysine residues commonly but not exclusively in the context of histones. There is a family of around 50 proteins known to contain bromodomains, and they have a range of functions within the cell.

BRPF1 (also known as peregrin or Protein Br140) is a bromodomain-containing protein that has been shown to bind to acetylated lysine residues in histone tails, including H2AK5ac, H4K12ac and H3K14ac (Poplawski et al, J. Mol. Biol., 2014 426: 1661-1676). BRPF1 also contains several other domains typically found in chromatin-associated factors, including a double plant homeodomain (PHD) and zinc finger (ZnF) assembly (PZP), and a chromo/Tudor-related Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain. BRPF1 forms a tetrameric complex with monocytic leukemia zinc-finger protein (MOZ, also known as KAT6A or MYST3) inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and homolog of Esa1 -associated factor (hEAF6). In humans, the t(8;16)(p1 1 ;p13) translocation of MOZ (monocytic leukemia zinc-finger protein, also known as KAT6A or MYST3) is associated with a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia and

contributes to the progression of this disease (Borrow et al, Nat. Genet., 1996 14: 33-41 ). The BRPF1 bromodomain contributes to recruiting the MOZ complex to distinct sites of active chromatin and hence is considered to play a role in the function of MOZ in regulating transcription, hematopoiesis, leukemogenesis, and other developmental processes (Ullah et al, Mol. Cell. Biol., 2008 28: 6828-6843; Perez-Campo et al, Blood, 2009 1 13: 4866-4874). Demont et al, ACS Med. Chem. Lett., (2014) (dx.doi.org/10.1021/ml5002932), discloses certain 1 ,3-dimethyl benzimidazolones as potent, selective inhibitors of the BRPF1 bromodomain.

BRPF1 bromodomain inhibitors, and thus are believed to have potential utility in the treatment of diseases or conditions for which a bromodomain inhibitor is indicated. Bromodomain inhibitors are believed to be useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases or conditions related to systemic or tissue inflammation, inflammatory responses to infection or hypoxia, cellular activation and proliferation, lipid metabolism, fibrosis and in the prevention and treatment of viral infections. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), asthma, chronic obstructive airways disease, pneumonitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, myositis, eczema, dermatitis (including atopic dermatitis), alopecia, vitiligo, bullous skin diseases, nephritis, vasculitis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, Sjogren’s syndrome, sialoadenitis, central retinal vein occlusion, branched retinal vein occlusion, Irvine-Gass syndrome (post-cataract and post-surgical), retinitis pigmentosa, pars planitis, birdshot retinochoroidopathy, epiretinal membrane, cystic macular edema, parafoveal telengiectasis, tractional maculopathies, vitreomacular traction syndromes, retinal detachment,

neuroretinitis, idiopathic macular edema, retinitis, dry eye (kerartoconjunctivitis Sicca), vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, uveitis (such as anterior uveitis, pan uveitis, posterior uveits, uveitis-associated macula edema), scleritis, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macula edema, age-related macula dystrophy, hepatitis, pancreatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, Addison’s disease, hypophysitis, thyroiditis, type I diabetes, type 2 diabetes and acute rejection of transplanted organs. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of acute inflammatory conditions such as acute gout, nephritis including lupus nephritis, vasculitis with organ involvement such as

glomerulonephritis, vasculitis including giant cell arteritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Behcet’s disease, Kawasaki disease, Takayasu’s Arteritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, vasculitis with organ involvement and acute rejection of transplanted organs. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of diseases or conditions which involve inflammatory responses to infections with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or their toxins, such as sepsis, sepsis syndrome, septic shock, endotoxaemia, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, acute

lung injury, ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome), acute renal failure, fulminant hepatitis, burns, acute pancreatitis, post-surgical syndromes, sarcoidosis, Herxheimer reactions, encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, malaria and SIRS associated with viral infections such as influenza, herpes zoster, herpes simplex and coronavirus. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of conditions associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury such as myocardial infarction, cerebro-vascular ischaemia (stroke), acute coronary syndromes, renal reperfusion injury, organ transplantation, coronary artery bypass grafting, cardio-pulmonary bypass procedures, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, gastro-intestinal or peripheral limb embolism. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of disorders of lipid metabolism via the regulation of APO-A1 such as hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of fibrotic conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, postoperative stricture, keloid scar formation, scleroderma (including morphea) and cardiac fibrosis. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases associated with bone remodelling such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, pycnodysostosis, Paget’s disease of bone, familial expanile osteolysis, expansile skeletal hyperphosphatasia, hyperososis corticalis deformans Juvenilis, juvenile Paget’s disease and Camurati

Engelmann disease. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of viral infections such as herpes virus, human papilloma virus, adenovirus and poxvirus and other DNA viruses. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of cancer, including hematological (such as leukaemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma), epithelial including lung, breast and colon carcinomas, midline carcinomas, mesenchymal, hepatic, renal and neurological tumours. Bromodomain inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of one or more cancers selected from brain cancer (gliomas), glioblastomas, Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, Cowden disease, Lhermitte-Duclos disease, breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer, colorectal cancer, Wilm’s tumor, Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, colon cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, sarcoma cancer, osteosarcoma, giant cell tumor of bone, thyroid cancer,

lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy-cell leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, plasmacytoma, immunoblastic large cell leukemia, mantle cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute megakaryocytic leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, mixed lineage leukaemia, erythroleukemia, malignant lymphoma, Hodgkins lymphoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, neuroblastoma, bladder cancer, urothelial cancer, vulval cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cancer, mesothelioma, esophageal cancer, salivary gland cancer, hepatocellular cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharangeal cancer, buccal cancer, cancer of the mouth, GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) and testicular cancer. In one embodiment the cancer is a leukaemia, for example a leukaemia selected from acute monocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia,

acute myeloid leukemia and mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL). In another embodiment the cancer is multiple myeloma. In another embodiment the cancer is a lung cancer such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In another embodiment the cancer is a neuroblastoma. In another embodiment the cancer is Burkitt’s lymphoma. In another embodiment the cancer is cervical cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is esophageal cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is ovarian cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is breast cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is colarectal cancer. In one embodiment the disease or condition for which a bromodomain inhibitor is indicated is selected from diseases associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, such as sepsis, burns, pancreatitis, major trauma, haemorrhage and ischaemia. In this embodiment the

bromodomain inhibitor would be administered at the point of diagnosis to reduce the incidence of: SIRS, the onset of shock, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, which includes the onset of acute lung injury, ARDS, acute renal, hepatic, cardiac or gastro-intestinal injury and mortality. In another embodiment the bromodomain inhibitor would be administered prior to surgical or other procedures associated with a high risk of sepsis, haemorrhage, extensive tissue damage, SIRS or MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome). In a particular embodiment the disease or condition for which a bromodomain inhibitor is indicated is sepsis, sepsis syndrome, septic shock and endotoxaemia. In another embodiment, the bromodomain inhibitor is indicated for the treatment of acute or chronic pancreatitis. In another embodiment the bromodomain is indicated for the treatment of burns. In one embodiment the disease or condition for which a bromodomain inhibitor is indicated is selected from herpes simplex infections and reactivations, cold sores, herpes zoster infections and reactivations, chickenpox, shingles, human papilloma virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cervical neoplasia, adenovirus infections, including acute respiratory disease, poxvirus infections such as cowpox and smallpox and African swine fever virus. In one particular embodiment a bromodomain inhibitor is indicated for the treatment of Human papilloma virus infections of skin or cervical epithelia. In one embodiment the bromodomain inhibitor is indicated for the treatment of latent HIV infection.

PATENT

WO 2016062737

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2016062737A1?cl=en

Scheme 1

Example 1

Step 1

5-fluoro-1 H-benzordlimidazol-2(3H)-one

A stirred solution of 4-fluorobenzene-1 ,2-diamine (15.1 g, 120 mmol) in THF (120 mL) under nitrogen was cooled using an ice-bath and then was treated with di(1 -/-imidazol-1 -yl)methanone (23.4 g, 144 mmol) portion-wise over 15 min. The resulting mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature then was concentrated in vacuo after 2.5 h. The residue was suspended in a mixture of water and DCM (250 mL each) and filtered off. This residue was then washed with water (50 mL) and DCM (50 mL), before being dried at 40 °C under vacuum for 16 h to give the title compound (16.0 g, 105 mmol, 88%) as a brown solid.

LCMS (high pH): Rt 0.57 min; [M-H+] = 151.1

δΗ NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) ppm 10.73 (br s, 1 H), 10.61 (br s, 1 H), 6.91-6.84 (m, 1 H), 6.78-6.70 (m, 2H).

Step 2

5-fluoro-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 /-/-benzo[dlimidazol-2(3/-/)-one

A solution of 5-fluoro-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (16.0 g, 105 mmol) in DMF (400 mL) under nitrogen was cooled with an ice-bath, using a mechanical stirrer for agitation. It was then treated over 10 min with sodium hydride (60% w/w in mineral oil, 13.1 g, 327 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min before being treated with iodomethane (26.3 mL, 422 mmol) over 30 min. The resulting mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and after 1 h was carefully treated with water (500 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 800 mL) and the combined organics were washed with brine (1 L), dried over MgS04 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the brown residue by flash chromatography on silica gel (SP4, 1.5 kg column, gradient: 0 to 25% (3: 1 EtOAc/EtOH) in cyclohexane) gave the title compound (15.4 g, 86 mmol, 81 %) as a pink solid.

LCMS (high pH): Rt 0.76 min; [M+H+]+ = 181.1

δΗ NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) ppm 6.86-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.71 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H).

Step 3

5-fluoro-1 ,3-dimethyl-6-nitro-1 /-/-benzordlimidazol-2(3/-/)-one

A stirred solution of 5-fluoro-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3/-/)-one (4.55 g, 25.3 mmol) in acetic anhydride (75 mL) under nitrogen was cooled to -30 °C and then was slowly treated with fuming nitric acid (1 .13 mL, 25.3 mmol) making sure that the temperature was kept below -25°C. The solution turned brown once the first drop of acid was added and a thick brown precipitate formed after the addition was complete. The mixture was allowed to slowly warm up to 0 °C then was carefully treated after 1 h with ice-water (100 mL). EtOAc (15 mL) was then added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 min. The precipitate formed was filtered off, washed with water (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL), and then was dried under vacuum at 40 °C for 16 h to give the title compound (4.82 g, 21 .4mmol, 85%) as a yellow solid.

LCMS (high pH): Rt 0.76 min; [M+H+]+ not detected

δΗ NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) ppm 7.95 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1 H, (H-7)), 7.48 (d, J = 1 1.7 Hz, 1 H, (H-4)), 3.38 (s, 3H, (H-10)), 3.37 (s, 3H, (H-12)).

δ0 NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6) ppm 154.3 (s, 1 C, (C-2)), 152.3 (d, J = 254.9 Hz, 1 C, (C-5)), 135.5 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 1 C, (C-9)), 130.1 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 C, (C-6)), 125.7 (s, 1 C, (C-8)), 104.4 (s, 1 C, (C-7)), 97.5 (d, J = 28.5 Hz, 1 C, (C-4)), 27.7 (s, 1 C, (C-12)), 27.4 (s, 1 C, (C-10)).

Step 4

(R)-tert-but \ 4-( 1 ,3-dimethyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-benzordlimidazol-5-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate

A stirred suspension of 5-fluoro-1 ,3-dimethyl-6-nitro-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3/-/)-one (0.924 g, 4.10 mmol), (R)-ie f-butyl 3-methylpiperazine-1 -carboxylate (1.23 g, 6.16 mmol), and DI PEA (1 .43 mL, 8.21 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) was heated to 120 °C in a Biotage Initiator microwave reactor for 13 h, then to 130 °C for a further 10 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo then partitioned between EtOAc and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organics were dried (Na2S04), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified by silica chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to give the title compound as an orange/yellow solid (1.542 g, 3.80 mmol, 93%).

LCMS (formate): Rt 1.17 min, [M+H+]+ 406.5.

δΗ NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) ppm 7.36 (s, 1 H), 6.83 (s, 1 H), 4.04-3.87 (m,1 H), 3.87-3.80 (m, 1 H), 3.43 (s, 6H), 3.35-3.25 (m, 1 H), 3.23-3.08 (m, 2H), 3.00-2.72 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 0.81 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H)

Step 5

(RHerf-butyl 4-(6-amino-1 ,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-benzordlimidazol-5-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate

To (R)-iert-butyl 4-(1 ,3-dimethyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (1 .542 g) in /so-propanol (40 mL) was added 5% palladium on carbon (50% paste) (1.50 g) and the mixture was hydrogenated at room temperature and pressure. After 4 h the mixture was filtered, the residue washed with ethanol and DCM, and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified by silica chromatography (50-100% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to afford the title compound (1.220 g, 3.25 mmol, 85%) as a cream solid.

LCMS (high pH): Rt 1 .01 min, [M+H+]+ 376.4.

δΗ NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) ppm 6.69 (s, 1 H), 6.44 (s, 1 H), 4.33-3.87 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.20-2.53 (m, 5H), 1.52 (s, 9H), 0.86 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H).

Step 6

(flVferf-butyl 4-(6-(2-methoxybenzamidoV 1 ,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihvdro-1 H-benzordlimidazol-5-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1 -carboxylate

A stirred solution of (R)-iert-butyl 4-(6-amino-1 ,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1 -carboxylate (0.254 g, 0.675 mmol) and pyridine (0.164 ml_, 2.025 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) at room temperature was treated 2-methoxybenzoyl chloride (0.182 mL, 1.35 mmol). After 1 h at room temperature the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was taken up in DMSO:MeOH (1 :1 ) and purified by HPLC (Method C, high pH) to give the title compound (0.302 g, 0.592 mmol, 88%) as a white solid.

LCMS (high pH): Rt 1 .27 min, [M+H+]+ 510.5.

δΗ NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) ppm 10.67 (s, 1 H), 8.53 (s, 1 H), 8.24 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.54-7.48 (m, 1 H), 7.18-7.12 (m, 1 H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.82 (s, 1 H), 4.27-3.94 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.18-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.70 (m, 3H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 0.87 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H).

Step 7

(R)-N-( 1 ,3-dimethyl-6-(2-methylpiperazin-1 -yl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-benzordlimidazol-5-yl)-2-methoxybenzamide

A stirred solution of (R)-ie f-butyl 4-(6-(2-methoxybenzamido)-1 ,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (302 mg, 0.592 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) at room temperature was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (3 ml_). After 15 minutes the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was loaded on a solid-phase cation exchange (SCX) cartridge (5 g), washed with MeOH, and then eluted with methanolic ammonia (2 M). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give a white solid (240 mg). Half of this material was taken up in DMSO:MeOH (1 :1 ) and purified by HPLC (Method B, high pH) to give the title compound (101 mg, 0.245 mmol, 41 %) as a white solid.

LCMS (high pH): Rt = 0.90 min, [M+H+]+ 410.5.

δΗ NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) ppm 10.74 (s, 1 H), 8.39 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.57 (ddd, J = 8.3, 7.2, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.23 (s, 1 H), 7.17-7.1 1 (m, 1 H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.30 (br s, 1 H), 3.07-3.02 (m, 1 H), 3.02-2.99 (m, 1 H), 2.92-2.87 (m, 1 H), 2.80 (td, J = 1 1.3, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.73 (td, J = 1 1 .0, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.68-2.63 (m, 1 H), 2.55 (dd, J = 12.0, 9.8 Hz, 1 H), 0.71 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H).

δ0 NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6) ppm 162.1 , 156.8, 154.1 , 134.4, 133.2, 131.5, 130.1 , 126.6, 125.7, 121.9, 121.0, 1 12.5, 103.0, 99.4, 56.8, 55.4, 55.3, 53.3, 46.3, 26.8, 26.6, 16.7.

[aD]25 °c = -50.1 (c = 0.3, MeOH).

CLIPS

STR1

STR1

STR1

STR1

PAPER

Abstract Image

The BRPF (Bromodomain and PHD Finger-containing) protein family are important scaffolding proteins for assembly of MYST histone acetyltransferase complexes. A selective benzimidazolone BRPF1 inhibitor showing micromolar activity in a cellular target engagement assay was recently described. Herein, we report the optimization of this series leading to the identification of a superior BRPF1 inhibitor suitable for in vivo studies.

GSK6853, a Chemical Probe for Inhibition of the BRPF1 Bromodomain

Epinova Discovery Performance Unit, Quantitative Pharmacology, Experimental Medicine Unit, §Flexible Discovery Unit, and Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
# WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
ACS Med. Chem. Lett., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00092
SEE

//////////////BRPF1,  BRPF2,   bromodomain, chemical probe,  inhibitor, GSK 6853, PRECLINICAL

  • Supporting Info  SEE NMR COMPD 34,  SMILES       COc1ccccc1C(=O)Nc2cc4c(cc2N3CCNC[C@H]3C)N(C)C(=O)N4C

CCT 245737


CCT 245737

CAS:1489389-18-5
M.Wt: 379.34
Formula: C16H16F3N7O

2-Pyrazinecarbonitrile, 5-[[4-[[(2R)-2-morpholinylmethyl]amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]amino]-

(R)-5-(4-(Morpholin-2-ylmethylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile

(+)-5-[[4-[[(2R)-Morpholin-2-ylmethyl]amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino]pyrazine-2-carbonitrile

Cancer Research Technology Limited   INNOVATOR

SAREUM

IND Filed, Sareum FOR CANCER

Synthesis, Exclusive by worlddrugtracker

STR1

5-[[4-[[morpholin-2-yl]methylamino]-5- (trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]amino]pyrazine-2-carbonitrile compounds (referred to herein as “TFM compounds”) which, inter alia, inhibit Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) kinase function. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit CHK1 kinase function, and in the treatment of diseases and conditions that are mediated by CHK1 , that are ameliorated by the inhibition of CHK1 kinase function, etc., including proliferative conditions such as cancer, etc., optionally in combination with another agent, for example, (a) a DNA topoisomerase I or II inhibitor; (b) a DNA damaging agent; (c) an antimetabolite or a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor; (d) a microtubule targeted agent; (e) ionising radiation; (f) an inhibitor of a mitosis regulator or a mitotic checkpoint regulator; (g) an inhibitor of a DNA damage signal transducer; or (h) an inhibitor of a DNA damage repair enzyme.

Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1)

Progression through the cell division cycle is a tightly regulated process and is monitored at several positions known as cell cycle checkpoints (see, e.g., Weinert and Hartwell,

1989; Bartek and Lukas, 2003). These checkpoints are found in all four stages of the cell cycle; G1 , S (DNA replication), G2 and M (Mitosis) and they ensure that key events which control the fidelity of DNA replication and cell division are completed correctly. Cell cycle checkpoints are activated by a number of stimuli, including DNA damage and DNA errors caused by defective replication. When this occurs, the cell cycle will arrest, allowing time for either DNA repair to occur or, if the damage is too severe, for activation of cellular processes leading to controlled cell death.

All cancers, by definition, have some form of aberrant cell division cycle. Frequently, the cancer cells possess one or more defective cell cycle checkpoints, or harbour defects in a particular DNA repair pathway. These cells are therefore often more dependent on the remaining cell cycle checkpoints and repair pathways, compared to non-cancerous cells (where all checkpoints and DNA repair pathways are intact). The response of cancer cells to DNA damage is frequently a critical determinant of whether they continue to proliferate or activate cell death processes and die. For example, tumour cells that contain a mutant form(s) of the tumour suppressor p53 are defective in the G1 DNA damage checkpoint. Thus inhibitors of the G2 or S-phase checkpoints are expected to further impair the ability of the tumour cell to repair damaged DNA. Many known cancer treatments cause DNA damage by either physically modifying the cell’s DNA or disrupting vital cellular processes that can affect the fidelity of DNA replication and cell division, such as DNA metabolism, DNA synthesis, DNA transcription and microtubule spindle formation. Such treatments include for example, radiotherapy, which causes DNA strand breaks, and a variety of chemotherapeutic agents including topoisomerase inhibitors, antimetabolites, DNA-alkylating agents, and platinum- containing cytotoxic drugs. A significant limitation to these genotoxic treatments is drug resistance. One of the most important mechanisms leading to this resistance is attributed to activation of cell cycle checkpoints, giving the tumour cell time to repair damaged DNA. By abrogating a particular cell cycle checkpoint, or inhibiting a particular form of DNA repair, it may therefore be possible to circumvent tumour cell resistance to the genotoxic agents and augment tumour cell death induced by DNA damage, thus increasing the therapeutic index of these cancer treatments.

CHK1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating cell cycle checkpoint signals that are activated in response to DNA damage and errors in DNA caused by defective replication (see, e.g., Bartek and Lukas, 2003). CHK1 transduces these signals through phosphorylation of substrates involved in a number of cellular activities including cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Two key substrates of CHK1 are the Cdc25A and Cdc25C phosphatases that dephosphorylate CDK1 leading to its activation, which is a

requirement for exit from G2 into mitosis (M phase) (see, e.g., Sanchez et al., 1997). Phosphorylation of Cdc25C and the related Cdc25A by CHK1 blocks their ability to activate CDK1 , thus preventing the cell from exiting G2 into M phase. The role of CHK1 in the DNA damage-induced G2 cell cycle checkpoint has been demonstrated in a number of studies where CHK1 function has been knocked out (see, e.g., Liu et ai, 2000; Zhao et al., 2002; Zachos et al., 2003).

The reliance of the DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint upon CHK1 provides one example of a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, involving targeted inhibition of CHK1. Upon DNA damage, the p53 tumour suppressor protein is stabilised and activated to give a p53-dependent G1 arrest, leading to apoptosis or DNA repair (Balaint and Vousden, 2001). Over half of all cancers are functionally defective for p53, which can make them resistant to genotoxic cancer treatments such as ionising radiation (IR) and certain forms of chemotherapy (see, e.g., Greenblatt et al., 1994; Carson and Lois, 1995). These p53 deficient cells fail to arrest at the G1 checkpoint or undergo apoptosis or DNA repair, and consequently may be more reliant on the G2 checkpoint for viability and replication fidelity. Therefore abrogation of the G2 checkpoint through inhibition of the CHK1 kinase function may selectively sensitise p53 deficient cancer cells to genotoxic cancer therapies, and this has been demonstrated (see, e.g., Wang et al., 1996; Dixon and Norbury, 2002). In addition, CHK1 has also been shown to be involved in S phase cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair by homologous recombination. Thus, inhibition of CHK1 kinase in those cancers that are reliant on these processes after DNA damage, may provide additional therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers using CHK1 inhibitors (see, e.g., Sorensen et al., 2005). Furthermore, certain cancers may exhibit replicative stress due to high levels of endogenous DNA damage (see, e.g., Cavalier et al., 2009; Brooks et al., 2012) or through elevated replication driven by oncogenes, for example amplified or overexpressed MYC genes (see, e.g., Di Micco et al. 2006; Cole et al., 2011 ; Murga et al. 2011). Such cancers may exhibit elevated signalling through CHK1 kinase (see, e.g., Hoglund et al., 2011). Inhibition of CHK1 kinase in those cancers that are reliant on these processes, may provide additional therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers using CHK1 inhibitors (see, e.g., Cole et al., 2011 ; Davies et al., 2011 ; Ferrao et al., 2011).

Several kinase enzymes are important in the control of the cell growth and replication cycle. These enzymes may drive progression through the cell cycle, or alternatively can act as regulators at specific checkpoints that ensure the integrity of DNA replication through sensing DNA-damage and initiating repair, while halting the cell cycle. Many tumours are deficient in early phase DNA-damage checkpoints, due to mutation or deletion in the p53 pathway, and thus become dependent on the later S and G2/M checkpoints for DNA repair. This provides an opportunity to selectively target tumour cells to enhance the efficacy of ionising radiation or widely used DNA-damaging cancer chemotherapies. Inhibitors of the checkpoint kinase CHK1 are of particular interest for combination with genotoxic agents. In collaboration with Professor Michelle Garrett (University of Kent, previously at The Institute of Cancer Research) and Sareum (Cambridge) we used structure-based design to optimise the biological activities and pharmaceutical properties of hits identified through fragment-based screening against the cell cycle kinase CHK1, leading to the oral clinical candidate CCT245737. The candidate potentiates the efficacy of standard chemotherapy in models of non-small cell lung, pancreatic and colon cancer. In collaboration with colleagues at The Institute of Cancer Research (Professor Louis Chesler, Dr Simon Robinson and Professor Sue Eccles) and Newcastle University (Professor Neil Perkins), we have shown that our selective CHK1 inhibitor has efficacy as a single agent in models of tumours with high replication stress, including neuroblastoma and lymphoma.

The checkpoint kinase CHK2 has a distinct but less well characterised biological role to that of CHK1. Selective inhibitors are valuable as pharmacological tools to explore the biological consequences of CHK2 inhibition in cancer cells. In collaboration with Professor Michelle Garrett (University of Kent, previously at The Institute of Cancer Research), we have used structure-based and ligand-based approaches to discover selective inhibitors of CHK2. We showed that selective CHK2 inhibition has a very different outcome to selective CHK1 inhibition. Notably, while CHK2 inhibition did not potentiate the effect of DNA-damaging chemotherapy, it did sensitize cancer cells to the effects of PARP inhibitors that compromise DNA repair.

Synthesis 

(R)-5-(4-(Morpholin-2-ylmethylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile 

 as a pale-yellow amorphous solid.
1H NMR ((CD3)2SO, 500 MHz) δ 10.7 (br s, 1H), 9.10 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.32 (br t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (br d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 3.64–3.59 (m, 1H), 3.43 (ddd, J = 10.7, 10.7, and 3.4 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.82 (dd, J = 12.1 and 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.67–2.59 (m, 2H), 2.42 (dd, J = 12.1 and 10.0 Hz, 1H).
13C NMR ((CD3)2SO, 125 MHz) δ 155.7, 151.9, 151.6, 147.2, 145.9 (q, JCF = 6.3 Hz), 136.8, 124.8 (q, JCF= 270.9 Hz), 118.9, 117.1, 104.4 (q, JCF = 30.0 Hz), 93.2, 73.6, 67.2, 48.9, 45.4, 44.9.
LCMS (3.5 min) tR = 1.17 min; m/z (ESI+) 380 (M + H+).
HRMS m/z calcd for C16H17F3N7O (M + H) 380.1441, found 380.1438.

PATENT

WO 2013171470

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013171470A1?cl=enSynthesis 1 D

5-[[4-[[(2R)-Morpholin-2-yl]methylamino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]amino]py

carbonitrile (Compound 1)

Figure imgf000044_0002

A solution of (S)-tert-butyl 2-((2-(5-cyanopyrazin-2-ylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4- ylamino)methyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate (1.09 g, 2.273 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL) was added dropwise over 10 minutes to a solution of trifluoroacetic acid (52.7 mL, 709 mmol) and tnisopropylsilane (2.61 mL, 12.73 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (227 mL) at room temperature. After stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The concentrate was resuspended in dichloromethane (200 mL) and

concentrated in vacuo, then resuspended in toluene (100 mL) and concentrated.

The above procedure was performed in triplicate (starting each time with 1.09 g (S)-tert- butyl 2-((2-(5-cyanopyrazin-2-ylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4- ylamino)methyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate) and the three portions of crude product so generated were combined for purification by ion exchange chromatography on 2 x 20 g Biotage NH2 Isolute columns, eluting with methanol. The eluant was concentrated and 10% methanol in diethyl ether (25 mL) was added. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with diethyl ether (30 mL), and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a light straw coloured powder (2.30 g, 89%). H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 2.62 (1 H, J = 12, 10 Hz), 2.78-2.84 (2H, m), 2.95 (1 H, dd, J = 12, 2 Hz), 3.27-3.38 (2H, m), 3.63 (1 H, ddd, J = 14, 9.5, 3 Hz), 3.73-3.78 (1 H, m), 3.91 (1 H, ddd, J = 11 , 4, 2 Hz), 7.26 (1 H, s), 8.18 (1 H, s), 8.63 (1 H, s), 9.01 (1 H, s).

LC-MS (Agilent 4 min) Rt 1.22 min; m/z (ESI) 380 [M+H+]. Optical rotation [a]D 24 = +7.0 (c 1.0, DMF).

Synthesis 2B

(R)-tert- Butyl 2-((2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)methyl)morpholine-

Figure imgf000046_0001

To a solution of 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-amine (1 g, 5.09 mmol) in

dimethylformamide (32.6 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% by wt in oil; 0.407 g, 10.18 mmol) portionwise at room temperature followed by stirring for 10 minutes at 80°C. (S)- tert-Butyl 2-(tosyloxymethyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate (2.268 g, 6.1 1 mmol) was then added portionwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80°C for 2.5 hours. After cooling, the mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium

hydrogencarbonate solution (30 mL), water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was further extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 70 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated and dried thoroughly in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on a 90 g Thomson SingleStep column, eluting with an isocratic mix of 2.5% diethyl ether / 2.5% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane, to give the title compound as a clear gum that later crystallised to give a white powder (1.47 g, 73%). H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 1.48 (9H, s), 2.71-2.83 (1 H, m), 2.92-3.05 (1 H, m), 3.18- 3.23 (1 H, m), 3.33-3.37 (1 H, m), 3.56-3.61 (1 H, m), 3.66-3.71 (1 H, m), 3.80-4.07 (3H, m), 5.32 (1 H, broad s), 6.61 (1 H, s), 8.24 (1 H, s). LC-MS (Agilent 4 min) Rt 3.04 min; m/z (ESI) 396 [MH+]. Svnthesis 2C

(R)-tert-Butyl 2-((2-(5-cyanopyrazin-2-ylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-

Figure imgf000047_0001

(R)-tert-Butyl 2-((2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)methyl)morpholine-4- carboxylate (1.44 g, 3.64 mmol), 2-amino-5-cyanopyrazine (0.612 g, 5.09 mmol, 1.4 eq.), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.267 g, 0.291 mmol, 0.08 eq.), rac-2,2′- bis(diphenylphosphino)-1 ,1 ‘-binaphthyl (0.362 g, 0.582 mmol, 0.16 eq.) and caesium carbonate (2.37 g, 7.28 mmol) were suspended in anhydrous dioxane (33 ml_) under argon. Argon was bubbled through the mixture for 30 minutes, after which the mixture was heated to 100°C for 22 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with dichloromethane, then absorbed on to silica gel. The pre-absorbed silica gel was added to a 100 g KP-Sil SNAP column which was eluted with 20-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to give the partially purified product as an orange gum. The crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by column chromatography on a 90 g SingleStep Thomson column, eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane, to give the title compound (1.19 g, 68%). H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 1.50 (9H, s), 2.71-2.88 (1 H, m), 2.93-3.08 (1 H, m), 3.27- 3.32 (1 H, m), 3.40-3.44 (1 H, m), 3.55-3.64 (1 H, m), 3.71-3.77 (1 H, m), 3.82-4.11 (3H, m), 5.33 (1 H, broad s), 7.19 (1 H, s), 8.23 (1 H, s), 8.58 (1 H, s), 8.84 (1 H, s). LC-MS (Agilent 4 min) Rt 2.93 min;m/z (ESI) 480 [MH+].

Paper

Abstract Image

Multiparameter optimization of a series of 5-((4-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitriles resulted in the identification of a potent and selective oral CHK1 preclinical development candidate with in vivo efficacy as a potentiator of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging chemotherapy and as a single agent. Cellular mechanism of action assays were used to give an integrated assessment of compound selectivity during optimization resulting in a highly CHK1 selective adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitor. A single substituent vector directed away from the CHK1 kinase active site was unexpectedly found to drive the selective cellular efficacy of the compounds. Both CHK1 potency and off-target human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) ion channel inhibition were dependent on lipophilicity and basicity in this series. Optimization of CHK1 cellular potency and in vivo pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) properties gave a compound with low predicted doses and exposures in humans which mitigated the residual weak in vitro hERG inhibition.

Multiparameter Lead Optimization to Give an Oral Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) Inhibitor Clinical Candidate: (R)-5-((4-((Morpholin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile (CCT245737)

Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
§ Sareum Ltd., Cambridge CB22 3FX, U.K.
J. Med. Chem., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01938
Publication Date (Web): May 11, 2016
Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
*Phone: +44 2087224000. Fax: +44 2087224126. E-mail: ian.collins@icr.ac.uk.

///////////CCT 245737, IND, PRECLINICAL, Cancer Research Technology Limited, SAREUM

N#CC(C=N1)=NC=C1NC2=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C(NC[C@@H]3OCCNC3)=C2

[F-18](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine


STR1

[F-18](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine

CAS 1196963-79-7

MF C8 H15 F N2 O3
Heptanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(aminocarbonyl)-7-(fluoro-18F)-, (2S,4S)-
[18F](2S,4S)-4-FPGln

[18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4

The early diagnosis of malignant tumors plays a very important role in the survival prognosis of cancer patients. In this non-invasive diagnosis, diagnostic imaging procedures are an important tool. In the last few years has mainly PET technology (P ositronen- E mission- Tomographie) proved to be particularly useful. The sensitivity and specificity of PET technology depends significantly on the used signal-emitting substance (tracer) and their distribution in the body from. In the search for suitable tracers one tries to take advantage of certain properties of tumors differ, the tumor tissue from healthy, surrounding tissue. The preferred commercially used isotope which finds application for PET, 18 F 18 F represents by its short half-life of less than 2 hours special requirements for the preparation of suitable tracer. Complex, long synthetic routes and purifications are with this isotope is not possible, because otherwise a significant portion of the radioactivity of the isotope has already decayed before the tracer can be used for diagnosis. It is therefore often not possible to established synthetic routes for non-radioactive fluorination to be applied to the synthesis of18 F-tracer. Furthermore, the high specific activity of 18 F (80 GBq / nmol) at very low substance amounts of [18 F] fluoride for the tracer synthesis, which in turn an extreme excess of precursor-related and the success of a non-radioactive fluorination based Radio synthetic strategy designed unpredictable

FDG ([18 F] F 2 luoro d esoxy lukose g) -PET is a widely accepted and popular tool in the diagnosis and other clinical tracking of tumor diseases. Malignant tumors compete with the host organism to glucose supply to the nutrient supply (Warburg O. About the metabolism of carcinoma cell Biochem;.. Kellof G. Progress and Promise of FDG PET Imaging for Cancer Patient Management and Oncologic Drug Development Clin Cancer Res 2005;.. 11 (8): 2785-2807) where tumor cells compared to surrounding cells of normal tissue usually an increased glucose metabolism. This is used when using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a glucose derivative, which is amplified transported into the cells, but there included metabolically after phosphorylation as FDG-6-phosphate (“Warburg effect”). 18 F-labeled FDG is Therefore, an effective tracer for the detection of tumors in patients using PET technology. Imaging were looking for new PET tracers in recent years increasingly amino acids for 18 F PET used (eg (review): Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002 May; 29 (5):.. 681-90). In this case, some of the 18 F-labeled amino acids for the measurement of the speed rate of protein synthesis, the most useful derivatives but for the direct measurement of the cellular uptake in the tumor. Known 18 F-labeled amino acids are, for example, from tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, aspartic and unnatural amino acids derived (eg J. Nucl Med 1991; 32:.. 1338-1346, J Nucl Med 1996; 37: 320-325, J Nucl Med 2001; 42: 752-754 J Nucl Med and 1999, 40: 331-338).. Glutamic acid and glutamine than 18 F-labeled derivatives not known, whereas non-radioactive fluorinated glutamine and glutamic acid derivatives are well known; Thus, for Example those which at γ-position (for Ex (review):Amino Acids (2003) April; 24 (3):… 245-61).. or at β-position (e.g. ExTetrahedron. Lett. .; 30; 14; 1989, 1799-1802, J. Org Chem .; 54; 2; 1989, 498-500, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 12, 9; 2001; 1303-1312) havefluorine..

Of glutamic acid having the chemical functionalities protecting groups in β and γ position or a leaving group, has already been reported in the past. So was informed of glutamate as mesylate or bromide in γ-position whose acid and amine functions were provided with ester or Z-protecting groups (J. Chem Soc Perkin Trans. 1;.. 1986, 1323-1328) or, for example, of γ-chloro-glutamic acid without protecting groups(Synthesis, (1973); 44-46). About similar derivatives, but where the leaving group is positioned in β-position has also been reported on several occasions. Z Ex. Chem. Pharm. Bull .; 17; 5; (1969); 879-885,J.Gen.Chem.USSR (Engl.Transl.); 38; (1968); 1645-1648, Tetrahedron Lett .; 27; 19; (1986); 2143-2144, Chem. Pharm. Bull .; EN; 17; 5; 1969;873-878, patent FR 1461184 , Patent JP 13142 .)

The current PET tracers, which are used for tumor diagnosis have some undisputed disadvantages: in FDG accumulates preferably in those cells with increased glucose metabolism on, but there are also other pathological and physiological conditions of increased glucose metabolism in the cells involved and tissues, eg, Ex. of infection or wound healing (summarized in J. Nucl. Med. Technol. (2005), 33, 145-155). It is still often difficult to decide whether a detected by FDG-PET lesion actually neoplastic origin or due to other physiological or pathological state of the tissue. Overall, the diagnostic activity by FDG-PET in oncology has a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 88% to(Gambhir et al., ” A tabulated summary of the FDG PET literature “J. Nucl. Med. 2001, 42, 1- 93S). Tumors in the brain can be represented very difficult in healthy brain tissue, for example, by the high accumulation of FDG.

The previously known 18 F-labeled amino acid derivatives are in some cases well suited to detect tumors in the brain ((review): Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002 May; 29 (5):. 681-90), but they can in other tumors do not compete with the imaging properties of the “gold standard” [18 F] 2-FDG. The metabolic accumulation and retention of previously F-18 labeled amino acids in tumorous tissue is usually lower than for FDG. Moreover, the accessibility of isomerically pure F-18-labeled non-aromatic amino acids is chemically very demanding.

Similar to glucose increased metabolism in proliferating tumor cells has been described (Medina, J Nutr 1131: 2539S-2542S, 2001; Souba, Ann Surg 218:. 715-728, 1993) for glutamic acid and glutamine. The increased rate of protein and nucleic acid synthesis and energy production per se be accepted as reasons for increased Glutaminkonsum of tumor cells. The synthesis of the corresponding C-11 and C-14 labeled with the natural substrate thus identical compounds, has already been described in the literature (eg. Ex.Antoni, enzymes Catalyzed Synthesis of L- [4-C-11] Aspartate and L – [5-C-11] Glutamate J. Labelled Compd Radiopharm 44; (4) 2001: 287-294) and Buchanan, The biosynthesis of showdomycin: studies with stable isotopes and the determination of principal precursor J….. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun .; EN; 22; 1984, 1515-1517). First indications with the C-11 labeled compound indicate no significant tumor accumulation.

Although the growth and proliferation of most tumors is fueled by glucose, some tumors are more likely to metabolize glutamine. In particular, tumor cells with the upregulated c-Myc gene are generally reprogrammed to utilize glutamine. We have developed new 3-fluoropropyl analogs of glutamine, namely [(18)F](2S,4R)- and [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3 and 4, to be used as probes for studying glutamine metabolism in these tumor cells. Optically pure isomers labeled with (18)F and (19)F (2S,4S) and (2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine were synthesized via different routes and isolated in high radiochemical purity (≥95%). Cell uptake studies of both isomers showed that they were taken up efficiently by 9L tumor cells with a steady increase over a time frame of 120 min. At 120 min, their uptake was approximately two times higher than that of l-[(3)H]glutamine ([(3)H]Gln). These in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probes are potential tumor imaging agents. Yet, the lower chemical yield of the precursor for 3, as well as the low radiochemical yield for 3, limits the availability of [(18)F](2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3. We, therefore, focused on [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4. The in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probe, [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, is most sensitive to the LAT transport system, followed by System N and ASC transporters. A dual-isotope experiment using l-[(3)H]glutamine and the new probe showed that the uptake of [(3)H]Gln into 9L cells was highly associated with macromolecules (>90%), whereas the [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, was not (<10%). This suggests a different mechanism of retention. In vivo PET imaging studies demonstrated tumor-specific uptake in rats bearing 9L xenographs with an excellent tumor to muscle ratio (maximum of ∼8 at 40 min). [(18)F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, may be useful for testing tumors that may metabolize glutamine related amino acids.

STR1

[18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-Fluoropropyl)glutamine as a Tumor Imaging Agent

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/mp500236y

Departments of Radiology and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2014, 11 (11), pp 3852–3866
DOI: 10.1021/mp500236y
Publication Date (Web): August 05, 2014
Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
*Email: kunghf@sunmac.spect.upenn.edu. Phone: 215-662-3096. Fax: 215-349-5035.

ACS AuthorChoice – This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

This article is part of the Positron Emission Tomography: State of the Art special issue.

Abstract

Abstract Image

Although the growth and proliferation of most tumors is fueled by glucose, some tumors are more likely to metabolize glutamine. In particular, tumor cells with the upregulated c-Myc gene are generally reprogrammed to utilize glutamine. We have developed new 3-fluoropropyl analogs of glutamine, namely [18F](2S,4R)- and [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3 and 4, to be used as probes for studying glutamine metabolism in these tumor cells. Optically pure isomers labeled with 18F and 19F (2S,4S) and (2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine were synthesized via different routes and isolated in high radiochemical purity (≥95%). Cell uptake studies of both isomers showed that they were taken up efficiently by 9L tumor cells with a steady increase over a time frame of 120 min. At 120 min, their uptake was approximately two times higher than that of l-[3H]glutamine ([3H]Gln). These in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probes are potential tumor imaging agents. Yet, the lower chemical yield of the precursor for 3, as well as the low radiochemical yield for 3, limits the availability of [18F](2S,4R)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 3. We, therefore, focused on [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4. The in vitro cell uptake studies suggested that the new probe, [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, is most sensitive to the LAT transport system, followed by System N and ASC transporters. A dual-isotope experiment using l-[3H]glutamine and the new probe showed that the uptake of [3H]Gln into 9L cells was highly associated with macromolecules (>90%), whereas the [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, was not (<10%). This suggests a different mechanism of retention. In vivo PET imaging studies demonstrated tumor-specific uptake in rats bearing 9L xenographs with an excellent tumor to muscle ratio (maximum of ∼8 at 40 min). [18F](2S,4S)-4-(3-fluoropropyl)glutamine, 4, may be useful for testing tumors that may metabolize glutamine related amino acids.

PATENT

US 20100290991

http://www.google.com/patents/US20100290991

Figure US20100290991A1-20101118-C00029

PATENT

WO 2009141091

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/ko/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009141091&recNum=70&maxRec=287&office=&prevFilter=%26fq%3DOF%3ACU&sortOption=Relevance&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

PATENT

http://www.google.co.ug/patents/EP2123621A1?cl=en

REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264538736_F-182S4S-4-3-Fluoropropylglutamine_as_a_Tumor_Imaging_Agent

Molecular Pharmaceutics (2014), 11(11), 3852-3866

EP1923382A1 * 18 Nov 2006 21 May 2008 Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft [18F] labelled L-glutamic acid, [18F] labelled glutamine, their derivatives, their use and processes for their preparation
FR1461184A Title not available
JPS58113142A Title not available
WO2008052788A1 * 30 Oct 2007 8 May 2008 Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft [f-18]-labeled l-glutamic acid, [f-18]-labeled l-glutamine, derivatives thereof and use thereof and processes for their preparation

////////

Rovatirelin Hydrate


2D chemical structure of 204386-76-5

img

Rovatirelin Hydrate, S-0373, 

Rovatirelin, RN: 204386-76-5
UNII: 9DL0X410PY

(4S,5S)-5-methyl-N-((2S)-1-((2R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxo-3-((1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl)propan-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidine-4-carboxamide

(4S,5S)-5-methyl-N-((S)-1-((R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxo-4-(thiazol-4-yl)butan-2-yl)-2-oxooxazolidine-4-carboxamide4-Oxazolidinecarboxamide, 5-methyl-N-[2-(2-methyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-oxo-1-(4-thiazolylmethyl)ethyl]-2-oxo-, [4S-[4α[R*(S*)],5α]]-

Phase III

A thyrotropin-releasing hormone potentially for the treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia.

CAS No.204386-76-5(Rovatirelin)

879122-87-9(Rovatirelin Hydrate)

C17H24N4O4S
Exact Mass: 380.1518

Rovatirelin is a novel synthetic agent that mimics the actions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Rovatirelin binds to the human TRH receptor with higher affinity (Ki=702nM) than taltirelin (Ki=3877nM). Rovatirelin increased the spontaneous firing of action potentials in the acutely isolated noradrenergic neurons of rat locus coeruleus (LC). Rovatirelin increased locomotor activity. Rovatirelin may have an orally effective therapeutic potential in patients with SCD.

Rovatirelin ([1-[-[(4S,5S)-(5-methyl-2-oxo oxazolidin-4-yl) carbonyl]-3-(thiazol-4-yl)-l-alanyl]-(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidine) is a novel synthetic agent that mimics the actions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The aim of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological and pharmacological effects of rovatirelin on the central noradrenergic system and to compare the results with those of another TRH mimetic agent, taltirelin, which is approved for the treatment of spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) in Japan. Rovatirelin binds to the human TRH receptor with higher affinity (Ki=702nM) than taltirelin (Ki=3877nM). Rovatirelin increased the spontaneous firing of action potentials in the acutely isolated noradrenergic neurons of rat locus coeruleus (LC). The facilitatory action of rovatirelin on the firing rate in the LC neurons was inhibited by the TRH receptor antagonist, chlordiazepoxide. Reduction of the extracellular pH increased the spontaneous firing of LC neurons and rovatirelin failed to increase the firing frequency further, indicating an involvement of acid-sensitive K+ channels in the rovatirelin action. In in vivo studies, oral administration of rovatirelin increased both c-Fos expression in the LC and extracellular levels of noradrenaline (NA) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats. Furthermore, rovatirelin increased locomotor activity. The increase in NA level and locomotor activity by rovatirelin was more potent and longer acting than those by taltirelin. These results indicate that rovatirelin exerts a central nervous system (CNS)-mediated action through the central noradrenergic system, which is more potent than taltirelin. Thus, rovatirelin may have an orally effective therapeutic potential in patients with SCD.

PATENT

WO 9808867

PATENT

WO 9945000 

PATENT

WO 2002017954

Example

Preparation of the compound represented by Example 1 set (IX)

The second step

Two

(First step)

Method described in the literature (Synth. Commun., 20, 3507 (1990)) synthesized N- in (tert- butoxide deer Lupo sulfonyl) one 3- (4 one-thiazolyl) one L Aranin (1, 21.79 g, 80 mmol) in Torifuruoro and the mixture was stirred acetic acid (80 ml) were added under ice-cooling for 2 hours and a half. Then stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature was added to the reaction mixture p- toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (15.22 g, 80 mmol). The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. To remove excess Torifuruoro acetic acid by the obtained residue concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure by addition of water and methanol.Obtained obtained residue was collected by filtration crystals ether was added to precipitate the compound (2) 29.8 g (quantitative).

NMR (CD 3 OD): 9.01 (1H, d-, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.70 (2H ; yd), 7.46 (lH, d-, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.23 (2H, yd), 4.38 (1H, dd , J = 4.8 from and 3.8 from Hz), 3.45 (2H ; yd), 2.37 (3H, s).

(Second step)

I 匕合 product (2) 38.85 g E evening Nord (200 ml) of (112.8 mmol) – in THF (600 ml) solution, diphenyl di § zone methane while 攪袢 at room temperature (39 g, 201 mmol) in small portions over 30 minutes were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, Ziv E sulfonyl di § zone methane (10 g, 51.5 mmol) was added and stirred for one hour. To the reaction mixture

After decomposing the excess reagent by the addition of acetic acid (0.1 ml), it was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure and distilled off the solvent. The resulting residue (92 g) with ether (1 L) was crystallized to give compound (3) 49.05 g (96.1%).

mp: 139-140 ° C

[A] D = -34.7 ° (C = 1.006, CHC1 3) 23 ° C)

^ Cm IRCKB ” 1 : 1753, 1602, 1512, 1496, 1260, 1224, 1171, 1124, 1036, 1012. NMR (CD 3 0D): 8.92 (1H, D, J = 2 Hz), 7.70 (2H ; M ), 7.2-7.4 (13H, m) , 6.91 (1H, s), 4.62 (1H, t, J = 5.8 Hz), 3.47 (2H, d, J = 5.8 Hz), 2.36 (3H, s).

Elemental analysis (C 2E H 2S N 2 0 5 S 2 )

Calculated: C, 61.16; H, 5.13; N, 5.49; S, 12.56.

Measured value: C, 61.14; H, 5.32; N, 5.41; S, 12.46.

(Third step)

Cis-one L one 5-methyl-2-one O Kiso O Kisa ethylbenzthiazoline one 4-carboxylic acid 13.95 g (96.14 mmol), compound (3) 49.09 g (96.14 mmol ), N-hydroxybenzotriazole To Riazoru 2.6 g (19.23 mmol) and under ice-cooling in THF (1L) solution of Toryechiruamin 14.1 ml (lOlmmol), was added to the DCC (20.83g, 101 mmol). The cooling bath was removed after stirring for 10 minutes at the same temperature, and stirred for an additional 2 0 hours at room temperature. After removing the precipitated precipitate and the filtrate concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure an oily residue (82.7 g was obtained). The residue was filtered off and dissolved by heating to insoluble matter in acetic acid Echiru (700 ml). The filtrate was successively washed with sodium carbonate aqueous solution and water.After the addition of methanol (20 ml) the organic layer was dried with sulfuric acid mug Neshiumu, was concentrated to a small volume under reduced pressure.Precipitated collected by filtration and acetic acid E Ji Le crystals – ether (2: 3) washing to compound with a mixture (4) 35.69 g (79.8% ) was obtained. After addition was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure of the mother liquor, and crystallized from acetic acid E Chiru ether mixture compound (4) 2.62 g (5.9% ) was obtained.

mp: 176-177 ° C

[A] D = -39.2 ° (C = 1.007, CHC1 3 , 24 ° C)

^ Cm IRiKB 1 : 1739, 1681, 1508, 1453, 1386, 1237, 1193, 1089.

NMR (CDC1 3 ): 8.71 (1H, d-, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.18 (lH, d-‘J = 3.9 from Hz), 7.2-7.4 (10H ; yd), 6.82 (1H, s), 6.66 (1H, d-, J = 1.8 Hz), 5.79 (1H, s), 5.12 (1H, yd), 4.94 (lH, yd), 4.35 (1H ; dd, J = 1.8 and 4.5 from Hz), 3.40 (1H ; dd, J 5.7 and 15 = Hz), 3.29 (1H ; dd, J = 4.5 of and 15 Hz), 1.27 (3H, d-, J = 6.3 Hz).

Elemental analysis (C 24 H 23 N 3 0 5 S)

Calculated: C, 61.92; H, 4.98; N, 9.03; S, 6.89.

Measured value: C ! 61.95; H, 5.01; N, 8.94; S ) 6.62.

(Fourth step)

Compound (4) 41.24 under ice-cooling to g (88.59 mmol), and the mixture was stirred Anisoru (240ml) and To Rifuruoro acetic acid (120 ml) and the mixture for 15 minutes. And the mixture was stirred for 2 hours 3 0 minutes further room temperature after removal of the cooling bath. The reaction mixture was added to the E one ether (500 ml) to the oily residue obtained by concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure was collected by filtration and pulverized. The resulting powder is water (50 ml) – was removed by filtration methanol (300 ml) warming dissolved insoluble matter in a mixture. The filtrate was concentrated to small volume under reduced pressure, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 days adding a seed crystal and methanol. The precipitated crystals were obtained Shi preparative filtration compound (5) 14.89 g (56.1%). The mother liquor was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, to give again further compound was crystallized from methanol one ether mixture of the (5) 10.3 g (38%). mp: 214-215 ° C

[]. -4.2 ° = (C = 0.5, H 2 0, 22 ° C)

^ Cm IRCKB 1 : 1753, 1707, 1655, 1548, 1529, 1409, 1343, 1264, 1236, 1102, 1092. NMR (DMS0-D6): 9.02 (1H, D, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.46 (1H, d- ; J = 3.9 from Hz), 7.74 (1H, s),

7.38 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 4.77 (1H, dq, J = 6.6 and 8.7 Hz), 4.66 (1H, m), 4.21 (1H, d,

J = 8.7 Hz), 3.24 (IH, dd, J = 5.1 and 15 Hz), 3.13 (1H, dd, J = 8.4 and 15 Hz),

1.13 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz).

Elemental analysis (C U H 13 N 3 0 5 S)

Calculated: C ; 44.14; H, 4.38; N, 14.04; S ) 10.71.

Measured value: C, 43.94; H, 4.478; N, 14.09; S, 10.58.

(Fifth step)

Compound (5) 12.1 g, (40.48 mmol) and N- hydroxysuccinimide (4.66 g, 40,48 mM) under ice-cooling to THF (242 ml) suspension of,: DCC (8.35 g, 40.48 mmol) was added to 3 and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. The cooling bath was removed, and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The resulting compound N- hydroxysuccinimide ester solution of (5) was synthesized in a way described in the literature (Tetrahedron, 27, 2599 (1971 )) (R) – (+) – 2- Mechirupiro lysine hydrochloride (5.42 g) and Toryechiruamin (8.46 ml, was added at room temperature to THF (121 ml) suspension of 60.72 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 1 5 hrs. The filtrate after removal of the insoluble matter that has issued analysis was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Residue (24.6 Ga) the insoluble material was removed by filtration was dissolved in water (150 ml). The filtrate was purified by gel filtration column chromatography one (MCI Gel CHP-20P, 600 ml). 4 0% aqueous methanol solution compound of the collected crude eluted cut off fractionated (IX) was obtained 8.87 g. Then after purification by silica gel column chromatography (black port Holm one methanol mixture), to give the compound was freeze-dried (IX) 5.37 g (35.7% ).

mp: 192-194 ° C

[A] D = -1.9 ° (C = 1.005, H 2 0, 25 ° C)

KB Cm- IR 1 : 1755, 1675, 1625, 1541, 1516, 1448, 1232, 1097.

NMR (CD 3 0D): 8.97 (1H, t, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.34 (1H, t, J = 2.1 Hz), 5.19 and 5.04 (total the IH, the each t, J = 7.5 Hz), 4.92 (1H , Dq, J = 6.6 And 8.7 Hz), 4.36 And 4.35 (1H, D, J = 8.7 Hz), 4.07 And 3.92 (Total IH, Eac M), 3.78 (1H ; M), 3.42 (1¾ M), 3.22 (2H, m), 1.5-2.0 ( 4H, m), 1.28 and 1.22 (total 3H, each d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.21 and 1.02 (total 3H, each d, J = 6.6 Hz).

Elemental analysis (C 16 H 22 N 4 0 4 S H 2 0)

Calculated: C, 49.99; H, 6.29; N, 14.57; S, 8.34.

Measured value: C, 49.99; H, 6.29; N, 14.79; S, 8.36.

PATENT

WO 2006028277

Example

Example 1

B

Figure imgf000007_0001

Step 1 l-N-[N<tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-(^^^

N.N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (10.83 g, 52.5 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (2.03 g, 15 mmol) and triethylamine (7.7 ml, 55.2 mmol) were added to a solution (130 ml) of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-(thiazol-4-yl)-L-alanine (1) (13.62 g, 50 mmol) obtained by the method described in literatures (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 2935 (1951) and Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38, 103 (1950)) and 2(R)-2-methylpyrrolidine p-toluenesulfonic acid (2) (12.79 g, 50 mmol) obtained by the method described in a literature (HeIv. Chim. Acta, 34, 2202 (1951)) in tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. After the precipitates are filtered off, the obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Thus-obtained residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 ml) and the solution were washed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate and water, successively. The organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a title compound (3) (16.45 g, 100%) as oil.

NMR (CDCl3): OH 8.76 and 8.75 (1 H, each d, J=2.1Hz, Thia-H-2), 7.08 (1 H, d, J=2.fflz, thia-H-5), 5.45 (1 H, m, NH), 3.45-3.64 (1 H, m, AIa-CoH), 4.14 and 3.81 (1 H, each m, Pyr-CαH), 3.51 (1 H, m, PVr-NCH2), 3.1-3.4 (3 H, m, Pyr-CH2and AIa-CH2), 1.39 (9 H, s, BOC), 1.3-2.0 (4 H, m, PyT-CH2), 1.06 (3 H, d, J=6Hz, Pyr-Me)

Step 2 l-N-[3-(thiazol-4-yl)-L-alanyl]-(2R)-2-methylpyrroHdine di-p-toluenesulfcnate (4)

Compound (3) (33.77 g, 99.48 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (37.85 g, 199 mmol) were dissolved in ethyl acetate (101 ml) and the solution was cooled with ice. To the mixture, 4 mol/L solution of hydrogen chloride-ethyl acetate (125 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours 45 minutes. After the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, methanol was added to the residue. The mixture was concentrated. Methanol-toluene (1: 1) was added to the residue and concentrated under reduced pressure to give crystalline residue. The residue was washed with acetone and filtered to give compound (4) as crystals (36 g, 62%). After the mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure, methanol and toluene were added to the residue and concentrated. Obtained crystalline residue was washed with acetone to give compound (4) (10.67 g, 18.4%). mp 188-189 0C [α]D 24 +2.2 (c, 1.0, MeOH) IR(KBr)Cm“1: 3431, 3125, 3080, 2963, 1667, 1598, 1537, 1497, 1451, 1364, 1229, 1198, 1170, 1123, 1035, 1011.

NMR (CD3OD): δH 9.04 and 9.03 (1 H, each d, J=2.1Hz, Thia-H-2), 7.70 (2 H, m, aromaticH), 7.46 (1H, d, J=2.1Hz, thia-H-5), 7.23 (2H, m, aromaticH), 4.49and4.46 (1 H, each d, J=6.9Hz, Ala-CαH), 4.14 and 3.75 (1 H, each m, Pyr-CαH), 3.51 (1 H, m, pyr-NCH2), 3.2-3.4 (3 H, m, PyT-CH2 and AIa-CH2), 2.36 (3 H, s, aromatic Me), 1.3-2.0 (4 H, m, pyr-CH2), 1.19 and 1.07 (3 H, each d, J=6.3Hz, Pyr-Me) Anal Calcd For C11H17N3OS 2C7H8O3S Calculated: C, 51.44%; H1 5.70%; N, 7.20%; S, 16.48%. Found: C, 51.36%; H, 5.69%; N, 7.23%; S, 16.31%.

Step 3 l-[N-[(4S,5S)-(5-methyl-2-oxooxazolidin-4-yl)carbonyl]-3-(thiazol-4-yl)-L-alanyl-(2R)-2- methylpyrrolidine trihydrate (I- 1) Step 3 (1) Method A

(4S, 5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxazolidin-4-yl carboxylic acid (5) (1.368 g, 9.43 mmol) obtained by the method described in literatures (J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 62; Tetrahedron 48; 2507 (1992) and Angew. Chem. 101, 1392 (1989)), Compound (4) (5 g, 8.56 mmol) and N-hydiOxysuccinimide (217 mg, 1.89 mmol) were dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide (10 ml), and tetrahydrofuran (65 ml) was added. After the mixture was cooled with ice in a cool bath, triethylamine (2.63 ml, 18.86 mmol) and N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (2.04 g, 9.89 mmol) were added with stirred and the mixture was stirred for additional 30 minutes. The cooling bath was removed and the mixture was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature. The precipitated were filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (100 ml) was added to thus-obtained residue (9.95 g) and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours at room temperature. After insoluble substance was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated until it was reduced to about half volume under reduced pressure. The small amount of insoluble substance was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated until it was reduced to about 2O g under reduced pressure. After the mixture was allowed to stand in a refrigerator for 3 days, the precipitated crystals (2.98 g) were collected by filtration and washed with cold water. The filtrate was extracted twice with chloroform, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate (5 ml) was added to oil residue (1.05 g) and the mixture was stirred to give crystals (136 mg). The obtained crystals were combined and dissolved in purified water (45 ml) with heating. After the solution was allowed to cool to room temperature, the precipitated insoluble substance was filtered off The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. The mixture was cooled with ice, and the crystals were collected by filtration to give Compound (1-1, 2.89 g, 80.3%). mp 194-196 0C

[α]D 22 -2.0 ± 0.4 ° (c, 1.008, H2O), [α]365 +33.1 ± 0.7 ° (c, 1.008, H2O)

IR(Nujor)cm”1: 3517, 3342, 3276, 3130, 3092, 3060, 1754, 1682, 1610, 1551, 1465, 1442,

1379, 1235, 1089. NMR(CD3OD): δH 8.97 and 8.96 (total 1 H, d, J=2.1Hz, Thia-H-2), 7.34 and 7.33 (total 1

H, d, J=2.1Hz, Thia-H-5), 5.18 and 5.04 (total 1 H, each t, J=7.5Hz, Ala-CαH), 4.92 (1

H, dq, J=6.6 and 8.7Hz, Oxa-H-5), 4.36 and 4.35 (total 1 H, d, J=8.7Hz, Oxa-H-4), 4.07 and 3.92 (total 1 H, each m, Pyr-Cα-H), 3.78 (1 H, m, Pyr-NCH2), 3.42 (1 H, m, Pyr- 5 NCH2), 3.22 (2 H, m, AIa-CH2), 1.5-2.0 (4 H, m, Pyr-CH2), 1.28 and 1.22 (total 3 H, each d, J=6.6Hz, Oxa-5-Me), 1.21 and 1.02 (total 3 H, each d, J=6.6Hz, Pyr-2-Me)

Anal. Calcd For C16H22N4O4S 3H2O

Calculated: C, 45.00%; H, 6.71%; N, 13.33%; S, 7.63%.

Found: C, 45.49%; H, 6.60%; N, 13.58%, S, 7.88%. 10

Step 3 (2)

Method B

After Compound (1-2) (410 g, 1.119 mmol) was dissolved in purified water (6.3 L) with heating, the solution was concentrated until the total weight of the mixture was 15 reduced to 1370 g under reduced pressure. The concentrated solution was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. The solution was cooled with ice for 1 hour and filtered to give the precipitated crystals. The obtained crystals were washed with cold water to give

Compound (T- 1) (448 g, 95.2%) as colorless crystals. Mother liquor was mixed with purified water (300 mL) with heating and the solution was concentrated to 55 g under reduced pressure. 20 After the concentrated solution was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight, the solution was filtered to give the precipitated crystals (T-1, 16.3 g, 3.5%, total amount 464.3 g, 98.7%). mp 194-196 0C

[α]D 22 -0.9 ± 0.4 ° (c, 1.007, H2O), [α]365 + 35.4 ± 0.8 ° (c, 1.007, H2O)

IR(NuJOr)Cm“1: 3511, 3348, 3276, 3130, 3093, 3060, 1755, 1739, 1682, 1611, 1551, 1465, 25. 1442, 1379, 1235, 1089.

AnalCalcdFor: C16H22N4O4S 3H2O

Calculated: C, 45.00%;H, 6.71%;N, 13.33%; S, 7.63%.

Found: C, 45.56%; H, 6.66%; N, 13.43%, S, 7.69%.

30 Step 4 l-[N-[(4S)5S)-(5-methyl-2-oxooxazolidin-4-yl)carbonyl]-3-(thiazol-4-yl)-L-alanyl-(2R)-2- methylpyrrolidine (1-2)

Method A

After l-[N-[(4S,5S)-(5-methyl-2-oxooxazolidin-4-yl)carbonyl]-3-(thiazol-4-yl)-L- 35 alanyl-(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidine monohydrate (4.77 g) obtained by the method described in Patent Literature 8 was crushed in a mortar, it was dried under reduced pressure (66.5 Pa) at 100 0C for 15 hours to give 4.54 g of Compound (1-2). mp 194.5-196.5 0C [α]D 25 -2.1 +. 0.4 ° (c, 1.004, H2O), [α]365 +36.8 ± 0.8 ° (c, 1.004, H2O) Water measurement (Karl Fischer method): 0.27%

IR(NuJOr)Cm”1: 3276, 3180, 3104, 1766, 1654, 1626, 1548, 1517, 1457, 1380, 1235, 1102, 979. NMR(CD3OD):δH 8.97 and 8.96 (total 1 H, d, J 2.1 Hz, Thia-H-2), 7.34 and 7.33 (total 1 H, d, J 2.1 Hz, Thia-H-5), 5.19 and 5.04 (total 1 H, each t, J 7.5 Hz, Ala- CaH), 4.92 (1 H, dq, J 6.6 and 8.7 Hz, Oxa-H-5), 4.36 and 4.35 (total 1 H, d, J 8.7 Hz, Oxa-H-4), 4.07 and 3.92 (total 1 H, each m, Pyr-Cα-H), 3.78 (1 H, m, Pyr-NCH2), 3.42 (1 H, m, Pyr-NCH2), 3.22 (2 H, m, AIa-CH2), 1.5-2.0 (4 H, m, Pyr-CH2), 1.28 and 1.22 (total 3 H, each d, J 6.6 Hz, Oxa-5-Me), 1.21 and 1.02 (total 3 H, each d, J 6.6 Hz, Pyr-2-Me). Anal Calcd For: C16H22N4O4S

Calculated: C, 52.44%; H, 6.05%; N, 15.29%; S, 8.75%. Found: C, 52.24%; H, 5.98%; N, 15.27%, S, 8.57%.

Method B

After Compound (1-1) (17.89 g, 47.3 mmol) was crushed in a mortar, it was dried under reduced pressure (66.5 Pa) at 100 °C for 14 hours to give Compound (1-2, 17.31 g). mp 193-194 0C [α]D 25 -1.9 ± 0.4 ° (c, 1.002, H2O), [α]365 +37.2 ± 0.8 ° (c, 1.002, H2O)

Water measurement (Karl Fischer method): 0.22%

IR(NuJOr)Cm“1: 3273, 3180, 3111, 1765, 1685, 1653, 1626, 1549, 1516, 1456, 1346, 1331,

1277, 1240, 1097, 980.

Anal Calcd For C16H22N4O4S Calculated: C, 52.44%; H, 6.05%; N, 15.29%; S, 8.75%.

Found: C, 52.19%; H, 5.98%; N, 15.42%, S, 8.74%.

REFERENCES

1: Ijiro T, Nakamura K, Ogata M, Inada H, Kiguchi S, Maruyama K, Nabekura J,
Kobayashi M, Ishibashi H. Effect of rovatirelin, a novel thyrotropin-releasing
hormone analog, on the central noradrenergic system. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 Aug
15;761:413-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.047. Epub 2015 Jul 2. PubMed PMID:
26142830.

////////Rovatirelin Hydrate, S-0373, Rovatirelin, 204386-76-5, clinical, phase 3

C[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](Cc2cscn2)NC(=O)[C@@H]3[C@@H](OC(=O)N3)C

Difelikefalin


img

Difelikefalin, CR-845; MR-13A-9; MR-13A9

4-amino-1- (D-phenylalanyl-D-phenylalanyl-D-leucyl-D-lysyl) piperidine-4-carboxylic acid

Phase III

C36H53N7O6, 679.40573

Originator Ferring Pharmaceuticals
Developer Cara Therapeutics
Class Analgesic drugs (peptides)
Mechanism Of Action Opioid kappa receptor agonists
Who Atc Codes D04A-X (Other antipruritics), N02A (Opioids)
Ephmra Codes D4A (Anti-Pruritics, Including Topical Antihistamines, Anaesthetics, etc), N2A (Narcotics)
Indication Pain, Osteoarthritis, Pruritus

A kappa opioid receptor agonist potentially for treatment of post-operative pain and uremic pruritus.

Difelikefalin, also known CR845, is a novel and potent kappa opioid receptor agonist. CR845 exhibit low P450 CYP inhibition and low penetration into the brain. CR845 may be useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of pain and inflammation associated with a variety of diseases and conditions .

No. CAS 1024828-77-0

2D chemical structure of 1024828-77-0

Difelikefalin ( INN ) (Developmental Code Names CR845 , FE-202845 ), Also Known As D -Phe- D -Phe- D -Leu- D -Lys- [Ganma- (4-N-Piperidinyl) Amino Carboxylic Acid] (As The Acetate Salt ), Is An Analgesic Opioid Peptide [2] Acting As A Peripherally-Specific , Highly Selective Agonist Of The kappa-Opioid Receptor (KOR). [1] [3] [4] [5] It Is Under Development By Cara Therapeutics As An Intravenous Agent For The Treatment Of Postoperative Pain . [1] [3] [5] An Oral Formulation Has Also Been Developed. [5] Due To Its Peripheral Selectivity, Difelikefalin Lacks The Central Side Effects Like Sedation , Dysphoria , And Hallucinations Of Previous KOR-Acting Analgesics Such As Pentazocine And Phenazocine . [1] [3] In Addition To Use As An Analgesic, Difelikefalin Is Also Being Investigated For The Treatment Of Pruritus (Itching). [1] [3] [4 ] Difelikefalin Has Completed Phase II Clinical Trials For Postoperative Pain And Has Demonstrated Significant And “Robust” Clinical Efficacy, Along With Being Safe And Well-Tolerated. [3] [5] It Is Also In Phase II Clinical Trials For Uremic Pruritus In Hemodialysis Patients. [4]

Difelikefalin Acts As An Analgesic By Activating KORs On Peripheral Nerve Terminals And KORs Expressed By Certain Immune System Cells . [1] Activation Of KORs On Peripheral Nerve Terminals Results In The Inhibition Of Ion Channels Responsible For Afferent Nerve Activity , Causing Reduced Transmission Of Pain Signals , While Activation Of KORs Expressed By Immune System Cells Results In Reduced Release Of Proinflammatory , Nerve-Sensitizing Mediators (Eg, Prostaglandins ). [1]

PATENT

WO 2015198505

κ opioid receptor agonists are known to be useful as therapeutic agents for various pain. Among, kappa opioid receptor agonist with high selectivity for peripheral kappa opioid receptors, are expected as a medicament which does not cause the central side effects. Such as peripherally selective κ opioid receptor agonist, a synthetic pentapeptide has been reported (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
 The following formula among the synthetic pentapeptide (A)
[Formula 1] Being Represented By Compounds Are Useful As Pain Therapeutics. The Preparation Of This Compound, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis Methods In Patent Documents 1 And 2 Have Been Described.

Document 1 Patent: Kohyo 2010-510966 JP
Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-241447
 Compound (1) or a salt thereof and compound (A), for example as shown in the following reaction formula, 4-aminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid, D- lysine (D-Lys), D- leucine (D-Leu) , it can be prepared by D- phenylalanine (D-Phe) and D- phenylalanine (D-Phe) sequentially solution phase peptide synthesis methods condensation.
[Of 4]

The present invention will next to examples will be described in further detail.
Example
1 (1) Synthesis of Cbz-D-Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe (3)
to the four-necked flask of 2L, α-Boc-Pic- OMe · HCl [α-Boc-4 – aminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl hydrochloride] were charged (2) 43.7g (148mmol), was suspended in EtOAc 656mL (15v / w). To the suspension of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) 27.2g (178mmol), while cooling with Cbz-D-Lys (Boc) -OH 59.2g (156mmol) was added an ice-bath 1-ethyl -3 – (3-dimethylcarbamoyl amino propyl) was added to the carbodiimide · HCl (EDC · HCl) 34.1g (178mmol). After 20 minutes, stirring was heated 12 hours at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, it was added and the organic layer was 1 N HCl 218 mL of (5.0v / w). NaHCO to the resulting organic layer 3 Aq. 218ML (5.0V / W), Et 3 N 33.0 g of (326Mmol) was stirred for 30 minutes, and the mixture was separated. The organic layer HCl 218ML 1N (5.0V / W), NaHCO 3 Aq. 218mL (5.0v / w), NaClaq . Was washed successively with 218ML (5.0V / W), Na 2 SO 4 dried addition of 8.74g (0.2w / w). Subjected to vacuum filtration, was concentrated under reduced pressure resulting filtrate by an evaporator, and pump up in the vacuum pump, the Cbz-D-Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe (3) 88.9g as a white solid obtained (96.5% yield, HPLC purity 96.5%).

[0033]
(2) D-Lys (Boc) Synthesis Of -Arufa-Boc-Pic-OMe (4)
In An Eggplant-Shaped Flask Of 2L, Cbz-D-Lys (Boc) -Arufa-Boc-Pic-OMe (3) 88.3g (142mmol) were charged, it was added and dissolved 441mL (5.0v / w) the EtOAc. The 5% Pd / C to the reaction solution 17.7g (0.2w / w) was added, After three nitrogen substitution reduced pressure Atmosphere, Was Performed Three Times A Hydrogen Substituent. The Reaction Solution Was 18 Hours With Vigorous Stirring At Room Temperature To Remove The Pd / C And After The Completion Of The Reaction Vacuum Filtration. NaHCO The Resulting Filtrate 3 Aq. 441ML And (5.0V / W) Were Added For Liquid Separation, And The Organic Layer Was Extracted By The Addition Of EtOAc 200ML (2.3V / W) In The Aqueous Layer. NaHCO The Combined Organic Layer 3 Aq. 441ML And (5.0V / W) Were Added for liquid separation, and the organic layer was extracted addition of EtOAc 200mL (2.3v / w) in the aqueous layer. NaClaq the combined organic layers. 441mL and (5.0v / w) is added to liquid separation, was extracted by the addition EtOAc 200ML Of (2.3V / W) In The Aqueous Layer. The Combined Organic Layer On The Na 2 SO 4 Dried Addition Of 17.7 g of (0.2W / W), Then The Filtrate Was Concentrated Under Reduced Pressure Obtained Subjected To Vacuum Filtration By an evaporator, and pump up in the vacuum pump, D-Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic- OMe (4) to give 62.7g (90.5% yield, HPLC purity 93.6%).
(3) Cbz-D-Leu -D-Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe synthesis of (5)
in the four-necked flask of 2L, D-Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe (4) was charged 57.7 g (120 mmol), was suspended in EtOAc 576mL (10v / w). HOBt 19.3g (126mmol) to this suspension, was added EDC · HCl 24.2g (126mmol) while cooling in an ice bath added Cbz-D-Leu-OH 33.4g (126mmol). After 20 minutes, after stirring the temperature was raised 5 hours at room temperature, further the EDC · HCl and stirred 1.15 g (6.00 mmol) was added 16 h. After completion of the reaction, it was added liquid separation 1N HCl 576mL (10v / w) . NaHCO to the resulting organic layer 3 Aq. 576ML (10V / W), Et 3 N 24.3 g of (240Mmol) was stirred for 30 minutes, and the mixture was separated. The organic layer HCl 576ML 1N (10V / W), NaHCO 3 Aq. 576mL (10v / w), NaClaq . Was washed successively with 576ML (10V / W), Na 2 SO 4 dried addition of 11.5g (0.2w / w). After the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure obtained subjected to vacuum filtration by an evaporator, and pump up in the vacuum pump, the Cbz-D-Leu-D- Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe (5) 85.8g It was obtained as a white solid (98.7% yield, HPLC purity 96.9%).
(4) D-Leu-D -Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe synthesis of (6)
in an eggplant-shaped flask of 1L, Cbz-D-Leu- D-Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic -OMe the (5) 91.9g (125mmol) were charged, was added and dissolved 459mL (5.0v / w) the EtOAc. The 5% Pd / C to the reaction solution 18.4g (0.2w / w) was added, After three nitrogen substitution reduced pressure atmosphere, was performed three times a hydrogen substituent. The reaction solution was subjected to 8 hours with vigorous stirring at room temperature to remove the Pd / C and after the completion of the reaction vacuum filtration. NaHCO the resulting filtrate 3 Aq. 200mL (2.2v / w) were added to separate liquid, NaHCO to the organic layer 3 Aq. 200mL (2.2v / w), NaClaq . It was sequentially added washed 200mL (2.2v / w). To the resulting organic layer Na 2 SO 4 dried added 18.4g (0.2w / w), to the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure obtained subjected to vacuum filtration by an evaporator, and a pump-up with a vacuum pump. The resulting amorphous solid was dissolved adding EtOAc 200mL (2.2v / w), was crystallized by the addition of heptane 50mL (1.8v / w). Was filtered off precipitated crystals by vacuum filtration, the crystals were washed with a mixed solvent of EtOAc 120mL (1.3v / w), heptane 50mL (0.3v / w). The resulting crystal 46.1g to added to and dissolved EtOAc 480mL (5.2v / w), was crystallized added to the cyclohexane 660mL (7.2v / w). Was filtered off under reduced pressure filtered to precipitate crystals, cyclohexane 120mL (1.3v / w), and washed with a mixed solvent of EtOAc 20mL (0.2v / w), and 30 ° C. vacuum dried, D-Leu- as a white solid D-Lys (Boc) -α- Boc-Pic-OMe (6) to give 36.6 g (48.7% yield, HPLC purity 99.9%).
(5) Synthesis of Cbz-D-Phe-D- Leu-D-Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe (7)
to the four-necked flask of 1L, D-Leu-D- Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe with (6) 35.8g (59.6mmol) was charged, it was suspended in EtOAc 358mL (10v / w). To this suspension HOBt 9.59g (62.6mmol), Cbz- D-Phe-OH 18.7g was cooled in an ice bath is added (62.6mmol) while EDC · HCl 12.0g (62.6mmol) It was added. After 20 minutes, a further EDC · HCl After stirring the temperature was raised 16 hours was added 3.09 g (16.1 mmol) to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, it was added and the organic layer was 1N HCl 358mL of (10v / w). NaHCO to the resulting organic layer 3 Aq. 358ML (10V / W), Et 3 N 12.1 g of (119Mmol) was stirred for 30 minutes, and the mixture was separated. The organic layer HCl 358ML 1N (10V / W), NaHCO 3 Aq. 358mL (10v / w), NaClaq . Was washed successively with 358ML (10V / W), Na 2 SO 4 dried addition of 7.16g (0.2w / w). After the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure obtained subjected to vacuum filtration by an evaporator, and pump up in the vacuum pump, Cbz-D-Phe-D -Leu-D-Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe (7) was obtained 52.5g as a white solid (yield quant, HPLC purity 97.6%).
(6) D-Phe-D -Leu-D-Lys (Boc) synthesis of -α-Boc-Pic-OMe ( 8)
in an eggplant-shaped flask of 2L, Cbz-D-Phe- D-Leu-D-Lys ( Boc) -α-Boc-Pic- OMe (7) the 46.9g (53.3mmol) were charged, the 840ML EtOAc (18V / W), H 2 added to and dissolved O 93.8mL (2.0v / w) It was. The 5% Pd / C to the reaction mixture 9.38g (0.2w / w) was added, After three nitrogen substitution reduced pressure atmosphere, was performed three times a hydrogen substituent. The reaction solution was subjected to 10 hours with vigorous stirring at room temperature to remove the Pd / C and after the completion of the reaction vacuum filtration. NaHCO the resulting filtrate 3 Aq. 235mL (5.0v / w) were added to separate liquid, NaHCO to the organic layer 3 Aq. 235mL (5.0v / w), NaClaq . It was added sequentially cleaning 235mL (5.0v / w). To the resulting organic layer Na 2 SO 4 dried addition of 9.38g (0.2w / w), then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure obtained subjected to vacuum filtration by an evaporator, pump up with a vacuum pump to D-Phe -D-Leu-D-Lys ( Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe (7) was obtained 39.7g (yield quant, HPLC purity 97.3%).
351mL was suspended in (10v / w). To this suspension HOBt 7.92g (51.7mmol), Boc-D-Phe-OH HCl HCl
(8) D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic-OMe Synthesis Of Hydrochloric Acid Salt (1)
In An Eggplant-Shaped Flask Of 20ML Boc-D-Phe-D -Phe-D- Leu-D- lys (Boc) -α -Boc- Pic-OMe (9) and 2.00gg, IPA 3.3mL (1.65v / w), was suspended by addition of PhMe 10mL (5v / w). It was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours by addition of 6N HCl / IPA 6.7mL (3.35v / w). The precipitated solid was filtered off by vacuum filtration and dried under reduced pressure to a white solid of D-Phe-D-Phe- D- Leu-D-Lys-Pic- OMe 1.59ghydrochloride (1) (yield: 99 .0%, HPLC purity 98.2%) was obtained.
(9) D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic-OMe Purification Of The Hydrochloric Acid Salt (1)
In An Eggplant-Shaped Flask Of 20ML-D-Phe-D- Phe D-Leu -D-Lys- pic-OMe hydrochloride crude crystals (1) were charged 200mg, EtOH: MeCN = 1: after stirring for 1 hour then heated in a mixed solvent 4.0 mL (20v / w) was added 40 ° C. of 5 , further at room temperature for 2 was time stirring slurry. Was filtered off by vacuum filtration, the resulting solid was dried under reduced pressure a white solid ((1) Purification crystals) was obtained 161 mg (80% yield, HPLC purity 99.2% ).
(10) D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic Synthesis (Using Purified
(1)) Of (A) To A Round-Bottomed Flask Of 10ML D-Phe-D-Phe-D- -D-Lys Leu-Pic-OMe Hydrochloride Salt (1) Was Charged With Purified Crystal 38.5Mg (0.0488Mmol), H 2 Was Added And Dissolved O 0.2ML (5.2V / W). 1.5H Was Stirred Dropwise 1N NaOH 197MyuL (0.197mmol) at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, concentrated under reduced pressure by an evaporator added 1N HCl 48.8μL (0.0488mmol), to obtain a D-Phe-D-Phe- D-Leu-D-Lys- Pic (A) (yield: quant , HPLC purity 99.7%).

D-Phe-D-Phe- D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic-OMe (1) physical properties 1 H NMR (400 MHz, 1M DCl) [delta] ppm by: 0.85-1.02 (yd,. 6 H), 1.34-1.63 ( m, 5 H), 1.65-2.12 ( m, 5 H), 2.23-2.45 (m, 2 H), 2.96-3.12 (m, 4 H), 3.19 (ddt, J = 5.0 & 5.0 & 10.0 Hz), 3.33-3.62 (m, 1 H), 3.68-3.82 (m, 1 H), 3.82-3.95 (m, 4 H), 3.95-4.18 (m, 1 H), 4.25-4.37 (m, 2 H), 4.61-4.77 (M, 2 H), 7.21-7.44 (M, 10 H) 13 C NMR (400MHz, 1M DCl) Deruta Ppm: 21.8, 22.5, 24.8, 27.0, 30.5, 30.8, 31.0, 31.2, 31.7, 37.2 , 37.8, 38.4, 39.0, 39.8, 40.4, 40.6, 41.8, 42.3, 49.8, 50.2, 52.2, 52.6, 54.6, 55.2, 57.7, 57.9, 127.6, 128.4, 129.2, 129.6, 129.7, 129.8 dp 209.5 ℃

Example 2
(Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA)
Use) (1) D-Phe-D-Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic-OMe TFA Synthesis Of Salt (1)
TFA 18ML Eggplant Flask Of 50ML (18V / W) , 1- Dodecanethiol 1.6ML (1.6V / W), Triisopropylsilane 0.2ML (0.2V / W), H 2 Sequentially Added Stirring The O 0.2ML (0.2V / W) Did. The Solution To The Boc-D-Phe- D- Phe-D-Leu-D -Lys (Boc) -α-Boc-Pic-OMe the (9) 1.00g (1.01mmol) was added in small portions with a spatula. After completion of the reaction, concentrated under reduced pressure by an evaporator, it was added dropwise the resulting residue in IPE 20mL (20v / w). The precipitated solid was filtered off, the resulting solid was obtained and dried under reduced pressure to D-Phe-D-Phe- D-Leu -D-Lys-Pic-OMe · TFA salt as a white solid (1) (Osamu rate 93.0%, HPLC purity 95.2%).
(2) D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic synthesis of (A)
to a round-bottomed flask of 10mL D-Phe-D-Phe -D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic-OMe TFA were charged salt (1) 83mg (0.0843mmol), was added and dissolved H2O 431μL (5.2v / w). Was 12h stirring dropwise 1N NaOH 345μL (0.345mmol) at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, concentrated under reduced pressure by an evaporator added 1N HCl 84.3μL (0.0843mmol), to obtain a D-Phe-D-Phe- D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic (A) ( yield: quant, HPLC purity 95.4%).
Example
3 (HCl / EtOAc
Use) (1) In An Eggplant-Shaped Flask Of 30ML Boc-D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys (Boc) -Arufa-Boc-Pic-OMe (9) 1. It was charged with 00g (1.01mmol ), was added and dissolved EtOAc7.0mL (7.0v / w). 4N HCl / EtOAc 5.0mL (5.0v / w) was added after 24h stirring at room temperature, the precipitated solid was filtered off by vacuum filtration, washed with EtOAc 2mL (2.0v / w). The resulting solid D-Phe-D-Phe- D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic-OMe hydrochloride (1) was obtained 781mg of a white solid was dried under reduced pressure (the 96.7% yield, HPLC purity 95.4%).
(2) D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic (A) Synthesis of
eggplant flask of 10mL D-Phe-D-Phe -D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic-OMe hydrochloride were charged salt (1) 90 mg (0.112 mmol), H 2 was added and dissolved O 0.47mL (5.2v / w). Was 12h stirring dropwise 1N NaOH 459μL (0.459mmol) at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, concentrated under reduced pressure by an evaporator added 1N HCl 0.112μL (0.112mmol), was obtained D-Phe-D-Phe- D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic (A) ( yield: quant, HPLC purity 93.1%).
4 Example
Compound (1) Of The Compound By Hydrolysis Synthesis Of (The A) (Compound (1) Without
Purification) Eggplant Flask 10ML D-Phe-D-Phe -D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic-OMe (1) Charged Hydrochloride Were (Without Pre-Step Purification) 114.5Mg (0.142Mmol), H 2 Was Added And Dissolved O 595MyuL (5.2V / W). Was 14H Stirring Dropwise 1N NaOH 586MyuL (0.586Mmol) At Room Temperature. After Completion Of the reaction, concentrated under reduced pressure by an evaporator added 1N HCl 0.15μL (0.150mmol), was obtained D-Phe-D-Phe- D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic (A) (yield: quant, HPLC purity 95.2 %).
Example 1 Comparative
Path Not Via The Compound (1) (Using Whole Guard Boc-D-Phe-D-Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys (Boc) -Alpha-Boc-Pic-OMe
(A)) (1) D–Boc Phe- D-Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys (Boc) -Arufa-Boc-Pic-OH Synthesis Of
Eggplant Flask Of 30ML Boc-D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D- Lys (Boc) -α- Boc-Pic -OMe (9) were charged 1.00g (1.00mmol), was added and dissolved MeOH 5.0mL (5.0v / w). After stirring for four days by the addition of 1N NaOH 1.1 mL (1.10mmol) at room temperature, further MeOH 5.0mL (5.0v / w), 1N NaOH 2.0mL the (2.0mmol) at 35 ℃ in addition 3h and the mixture was stirred. After completion of the reaction, 1 N HCl 6.1 mL was added, After distilling off the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure was separated and the organic layer was added EtOAc 5.0mL (5.0mL) .NaClaq. 5.0mL (5.0v / w) Wash the organic layer was added, the organic layer as a white solid was concentrated under reduced pressure to Boc-D-Phe-D- Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys (Boc) – α-Boc-Pic-OH 975.1mg (99.3% yield, HPLC purity 80.8% )
(2) D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic synthesis of (A)
to a round-bottomed flask of 20mL Boc-D-Phe-D -Phe-D-Leu-D-Lys (Boc) It was charged -α-Boc-Pic-OH ( 10) 959mg (0.978mmol), was added and dissolved EtOAc 4.9mL (5.0v / w). And 4h stirring at room temperature was added dropwise 4N HCl / EtOAc 4.9mL (5.0mL) at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, it was filtered under reduced pressure, a white solid as to give D-Phe-D-Phe- D-Leu-D-Lys-Pic the (A) (96.4% yield, HPLC purity 79.2%) .
 If not via the compound of the present invention (1), the purity of the compound obtained (A) was less than 80%.
PATENT

References

  1.  S. Sinatra Raymond; Jonathan S. Jahr;. J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford (14 October 2010) The Essence Of Analgesia And Analgesics …. Cambridge University Press Pp 490-491 ISBN  978-1-139-49198-3 .
  2.  A Janecka, Perlikowska R, Gach K, Wyrebska A, Fichna J (2010) “Development Of Opioid Peptide Analogs For Pain Relief”.. Curr Pharm Des… 16 (9):. 1126-35 Doi : 10.2174 / 138161210790963869 . PMID  20030621 .
  3. Apfelbaum Jeffrey (8 September 2014). Ambulatory Anesthesia, An Issue Of Anesthesiology Clinics, . Elsevier Health Sciences. Pp. 190-. ISBN  978-0-323-29934-3 .
  4.  Cowan Alan;. Gil Yosipovitch (10 April 2015) Pharmacology Of Itch …. Springer Pp 307- ISBN  978-3-662-44605-8 .
  5.  Allerton Charlotte (2013). Pain Therapeutics: Current And Future Treatment Paradigms …. Royal Society Of Chemistry Pp 56- ISBN  978-1-84973-645-9 .

REFERENCES

1: Cowan A, Kehner GB, Inan S. Targeting Itch With Ligands Selective For kappa Opioid
. Receptors Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 226:.. 291-314 Doi:
.. 10.1007 / 978-3-662-44605-8_16 Review PubMed PMID: 25861786.

Difelikefalin
Difelikefalin.svg
Systematic (IUPAC) Name
Amino–4 1- ( D -Phenylalanyl- D -Phenylalanyl- D -Leucyl- D -Lysyl) Piperidine-4-Carboxylic Acid
Clinical data
Of Routes
Administration
Intravenous
Pharmacokinetic Data
Bioavailability Pasento 100 ( IV ) [1]
Metabolism Metabolized Not [1]
Biological half-life Hours 2 [1]
Excretion As Unchanged Excreted
Drug Via Bile And Urine [1]
Identifiers
CAS Number 1024828-77-0
ATC code None
ChemSpider 44208824
Chemical data
Formula C 36 H 53 N 7 O 6
Molar mass 679.85 g / mol

///// Difelikefalin,  CR845 , FE-202845,  Phase III, PEPTIDES

CC (C) C [C @ H] (C (= O) N [C @ H] (CCCCN) C (= O) N1CCC (CC1) (C (= O) O) N) NC (= O) [ C @@ H] (Cc2ccccc2) NC (= O) [C @@ H] (Cc3ccccc3) N

[18F]AMG 580


STR1

[18F]AMG 580

CAS 1879904-74-1
MF C26 H24 F N5 O3

NOTE………CAS OF AMG 580 IS 1227067-71-1, WITHOUT 18F

AMG 580 [1-(4-(3-(4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbonyl)phenoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-fluoropropan-1-one],

STR1

Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychiatric and neurologic disorders, such as schizophrenia and Huntington’s disease. One of the key requirements for successful central nervous system drug development is to demonstrate target coverage of therapeutic candidates in brain for lead optimization in the drug discovery phase and for assisting dose selection in clinical development. Therefore, we identified AMG 580 [1-(4-(3-(4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbonyl)phenoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-fluoropropan-1-one], a novel, selective small-molecule antagonist with subnanomolar affinity for rat, primate, and human PDE10A. We showed that AMG 580 is suitable as a tracer for lead optimization to determine target coverage by novel PDE10A inhibitors using triple-stage quadrupole liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology. [3H]AMG 580 bound with high affinity in a specific and saturable manner to both striatal homogenates and brain slices from rats, baboons, and human in vitro. Moreover, [18F]AMG 580 demonstrated prominent uptake by positron emission tomography in rats, suggesting that radiolabeled AMG 580 may be suitable for further development as a noninvasive radiotracer for target coverage measurements in clinical studies. These results indicate that AMG 580 is a potential imaging biomarker for mapping PDE10A distribution and ensuring target coverage by therapeutic PDE10A inhibitors in clinical studies.

PAPER

Abstract Image

We report the discovery of PDE10A PET tracer AMG 580 developed to support proof of concept studies with PDE10A inhibitors in the clinic. To find a tracer with higher binding potential (BPND) in NHP than our previously reported tracer 1, we implemented a surface plasmon resonance assay to measure the binding off-rate to identify candidates with slower washout rate in vivo. Five candidates (26) from two structurally distinct scaffolds were identified that possessed both the in vitro characteristics that would favor central penetration and the structural features necessary for PET isotope radiolabeling. Two cinnolines (2, 3) and one keto-benzimidazole (5) exhibited PDE10A target specificity and brain uptake comparable to or better than 1 in the in vivo LC–MS/MS kinetics distribution study in SD rats. In NHP PET imaging study, [18F]-5 produced a significantly improved BPND of 3.1 and was nominated as PDE10A PET tracer clinical candidate for further studies.

Discovery of Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) PET Tracer AMG 580 to Support Clinical Studies

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, §Department of Neuroscience, and ΔDepartment of Early Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 93012-1799, United States
Department of Neuroscience and ±Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
ACS Med. Chem. Lett., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00185
*Phone: 805-313-5300. E-mail: ehu@amgen.com.
STR1

PATENT FOR AMG 580

WO 2010057121

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2010057121A1?cl=en

PAPER

Nuclear Medicine and Biology (2015), 42(8), 654-663.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969805115000724

Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is an intracellular enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides which are important second messengers for neurotransmission. Inhibition of PDE10A has been identified as a potential target for treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. To assist drug development, we have identified a selective PDE10A positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, AMG 580. We describe here the radiosynthesis of [18 F]AMG 580 and in vitro and in vivo characterization results.

AMG 580 has an in vitro KD of 71.9 pM. Autoradiography showed specific uptake in striatum. Mean activity of 121 ± 18 MBq was used in PET studies. In Rhesus, the baseline BPND for putamen and caudate was 3.38 and 2.34, respectively, via 2TC, and 3.16, 2.34 via Logan, and 2.92, and 2.01 via SRTM. A dose dependent decrease of BPNDwas observed by the pre-treatment with a PDE10A inhibitor. In baboons, 0.24 mg/kg dose of AMG 580 resulted in about 70% decrease of BPND. The in vivo KD of [18 F]AMG 580 was estimated to be around 0.44 nM in baboons.

Conclusion

[18 F]AMG 580 is a selective and potent PDE10A PET tracer with excellent specific striatal binding in non-human primates. It warrants further evaluation in humans.

REFERNCES

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/352/2/327.full

///Phosphodiesterasetracer,  receptor occupancy,  positron emission tomographyradiotracer,  brain penetrationAMG 580, Phosphodiesterase 10A, PDE10A, PET Tracer, [18F]AMG 580