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DRUG APPROVALS BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
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ScinoPharm to Provide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient 英文名称 Burixafor to F*TaiGen for Novel Stem Cell Drug
英文名称Burixafor
TG-0054
(2-{4-[6-amino-2-({[(1r,4r)-4-({[3-(cyclohexylamino)propyl]amino}methyl)cyclohexyl]methyl}amino)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl)phosphonic acid
[2-[4-[6-Amino-2-[[[trans-4-[[[3-(cyclohexylamino)propyl]amino]methyl]cyclohexyl]methyl]amino]pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]phosphonic acid
1191448-17-5
C27H51N8O3P, 566.7194
chemokine CXCR 4 receptor antagonist;
| Taigen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. |
ScinoPharm to Provide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient to F*TaiGen for Novel Stem Cell Drug
MarketWatch
The drug has received a Clinical Trial Application from China’s FDA for the initiation of … In addition, six products have entered Phase III clinical trials.
read at
TAINAN, June 8, 2014 — ScinoPharm Taiwan, Ltd. (twse:1789) specializing in the development and manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and TaiGen Biotechnology (4157.TW; F*TaiGen) jointly announced today the signing of a manufacturing contract for the clinical supply of the API of Burixafor, a new chemical entity discovered and developed by TaiGen. The API will be manufactured in ScinoPharm’s plant in Changshu, China. This cooperation not only demonstrates Taiwan’s international competitive strength in new drug development, but also sees the beginning of a domestic pharmaceutical specialization and cooperation mechanisms, thus establishing a groundbreaking milestone for Taiwan’s pharmaceutical industry.
Dr. Jo Shen, President and CEO of ScinoPharm said, “This cooperation with TaiGen is of representative significance in the domestic pharmaceutical companies’ upstream and downstream cooperation and self-development of new drugs, and indicates the Taiwanese pharmaceutical industry’s cumulative research and development momentum is paving the way forward.” Dr. Jo Shen emphasized, “ScinoPharm’s Changshu Plant provides high-quality API R&D and manufacturing services through its fast, flexible, reliable competitive advantages, effectively assisting clients of new drugs in gaining entry into China, Europe, the United States, and other international markets.”
According to Dr. Ming-Chu Hsu, Chairman and CEO of TaiGen, “R&D is the foundation of the pharmaceutical industry. Once a drug is successfully developed, players at all levels of the value chain could reap the benefit. Burixafor is a 100% in-house developed product that can be used in the treatment of various intractable diseases. The cooperation between TaiGen and ScinoPharm will not only be a win-win for both sides, but will also provide high-quality novel dug for patients from around the world.”
Burixafor is a novel stem cell mobilizer that can efficiently mobilize bone marrow stem cells and tissue precursor cells to the peripheral blood. It can be used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy sensitization and other ischemic diseases. The results of the ongoing Phase II clinical trial in the United States are very impressive. The drug has received a Clinical Trial Application from China’s FDA for the initiation of a Phase II clinical trial in chemotherapy sensitization under the 1.1 category. According to the pharmaceutical consultancy company JSB, with only stem cell transplant and chemotherapy sensitizer as the indicator, Burixafor’s annual sales are estimated at USD1.1 billion.
ScinoPharm currently has accepted over 80 new drug API process research and development plans, of which five new drugs have been launched in the market. In addition, six products have entered Phase III clinical trials. Through the Changshu Plant’s operation in line with the latest international cGMP plant equipment and quality management standards, the company provides customers with one stop shopping services in professional R&D, manufacturing, and outsourcing, thereby shortening the customer development cycle of customers’ products and accelerating the launch of new products to the market.
TaiGen’s focus is on the research and development of novel drugs. Besides Burixafor, the products also include anti-infective, Taigexyn®, and an anti-hepatitis C drug, TG-2349. Taigexyn® is the first in-house developed novel drug that received new drug application approval from Taiwan’s FDA. TG-2349 is intended for the 160 million global patients with hepatitis C with huge market potential. TaiGen hopes to file one IND with the US FDA every 3-4 years to expand TaiGen’s product line.
About ScinoPharm
ScinoPharm Taiwan, Ltd. is a leading process R&D and API manufacturing service provider to the global pharmaceutical industry. With research and manufacturing facilities in both Taiwan and China, ScinoPharm offers a wide portfolio of services ranging from custom synthesis for early phase pharmaceutical activities to contract services for brand companies as well as APIs for the generic industry. For more information, please visit the Company’s website at http://www.scinopharm.com
About TaiGen Biotechnology
TaiGen Biotechnology is a leading research-based and product-driven biotechnology company in Taiwan with a wholly-owned subsidiary in Beijing, China. The company’s first product, Taigexyn®, have already received NDA approval from Taiwan’s FDA. In addition to Taigexyn®, TaiGen has two other in-house discovered NCEs in clinical development under IND with US FDA: TG-0054, a chemokine receptor antagonist for stem cell transplantation and chemosensitization, in Phase 2 and TG-2349, a HCV protease inhibitor for treatment of chronic hepatitis infection, in Phase 2. Both TG-0054 and TG-2349 are currently in clinical trials in patients in the US.
SOURCE ScinoPharm Taiwan Ltd.
TG-0054 is a potent and selective chemokine CXCR4 (SDF-1) antagonist in phase II clinical studies at TaiGen Biotechnology for use in stem cell transplantation in cancer patients. Specifically, the compound is being developed for the treatment of stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and myocardial ischemia.
Preclinical studies had also been undertaken for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, critical limb ischemia (CLI) and age-related macular degeneration. In a mouse model, TG-0054 efficiently mobilizes stem cells (CD34+) and endothelial progenitor cells (CD133+) from bone marrow into peripheral circulation.
BACKGROUND
Chemokines are a family of cytokines that regulate the adhesion and transendothelial migration of leukocytes during an immune or inflammatory reaction (Mackay C.R., Nat. Immunol, 2001, 2:95; Olson et al, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol, 2002, 283 :R7). Chemokines also regulate T cells and B cells trafficking and homing, and contribute to the development of lymphopoietic and hematopoietic systems (Ajuebor et al, Biochem. Pharmacol, 2002, 63:1191). Approximately 50 chemokines have been identified in humans. They can be classified into 4 subfamilies, i.e., CXC, CX3C, CC, and C chemokines, based on the positions of the conserved cysteine residues at the N-terminal (Onuffer et al, Trends Pharmacol ScI, 2002, 23:459). The biological functions of chemokines are mediated by their binding and activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the cell surface.
Stromal-derived factor- 1 (SDF-I) is a member of CXC chemokines. It is originally cloned from bone marrow stromal cell lines and found to act as a growth factor for progenitor B cells (Nishikawa et al, Eur. J. Immunol, 1988, 18:1767). SDF-I plays key roles in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells (Bleul et al, J. Exp. Med., 1996, 184:1101; and Gazzit et al, Stem Cells, 2004, 22:65-73). The physiological function of SDF-I is mediated by CXCR4 receptor. Mice lacking SDF-I or CXCR4 receptor show lethal abnormality in bone marrow myelopoiesis, B cell lymphopoiesis, and cerebellar development (Nagasawa et al, Nature, 1996, 382:635; Ma et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. ScI, 1998, 95:9448; Zou et al, Nature, 1998, 393:595; Lu et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. ScI, 2002, 99:7090). CXCR4 receptor is expressed broadly in a variety of tissues, particularly in immune and central nervous systems, and has been described as the major co-receptor for HIV- 1/2 on T lymphocytes. Although initial interest in CXCR4 antagonism focused on its potential application to AIDS treatment (Bleul et al, Nature, 1996, 382:829), it is now becoming clear that CXCR4 receptor and SDF-I are also involved in other pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and tumor metastases (Buckley et al., J. Immunol., 2000, 165:3423). Recently, it has been reported that a CXCR4 antagonist and an anticancer drug act synergistically in inhibiting cancer such as acute promuelocutic leukemia (Liesveld et al., Leukemia
Research 2007, 31 : 1553). Further, the CXCR4/SDF-1 pathway has been shown to be critically involved in the regeneration of several tissue injury models. Specifically, it has been found that the SDF-I level is elevated at an injured site and CXCR4-positive cells actively participate in the tissue regenerating process.
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http://www.google.com/patents/WO2009131598A1?cl=en
Compound 52
Example 1 : Preparation of Compounds 1
1-1 1-Ii 1-m
^ ^–\\ Λ xCUNN H ‘ ‘22.. P rdu/’C^ ^. , Λ>\V>v
Et3N, TFAA , H_, r [ Y I RRaanneeyy–NNiicckkeell u H f [ Y | NH2
CH2CI2, -10 0C Boc^ ‘NNA/ 11,,44–ddιιooxxaannee B Boocer”1^”–^^ LiOH, H2O, 50 0C
1-IV 1-V
Water (10.0 L) and (BoC)2O (3.33 kgg, 15.3 mol) were added to a solution of trans-4-aminomethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (compound 1-1, 2.0 kg, 12.7 mol) and sodium bicarbonate (2.67 kg, 31.8 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. The aqueous layer was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid (2.95 L, pH = 2) and then filtered. The resultant solid was collected, washed three times with water (15 L), and dried in a hot box (60 0C) to give trα/?5-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-cyclo-hexanecarboxylic acid (Compound l-II, 3.17 kg, 97%) as a white solid. Rf = 0.58 (EtOAc). LC-MS m/e 280 (M+Na+). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.58 (brs, IH), 2.98 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (td, J = 12, 3.3 Hz, IH), 2.04 (d, J= 11.1 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (d, J= 11.1 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.35-1.50 (m, 3H), 0.89-1.03 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 181.31, 156.08, 79.12, 46.41, 42.99, 37.57, 29.47, 28.29, 27.96. M.p. 134.8-135.0 0C. A suspension of compound l-II (1.0 kg, 3.89 mol) in THF (5 L) was cooled at
-10 0C and triethyl amine (1.076 L, 7.78 mol) and ethyl chloroformate (0.441 L, 4.47 mol) were added below -10 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled at -10 0C again and NH4OH (3.6 L, 23.34 mol) was added below -10 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours and filtered. The solid was collected and washed three times with water (10 L) and dried in a hot box (6O0C) to give trans-4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino-methyl)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide (Compound l-III, 0.8 kg, 80%) as a white solid. Rf= 0.23 (EtOAc). LC-MS m/e 279, M+Na+. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 6.63 (brs, IH), 2.89 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.16 (td, J = 12.2, 3.3 Hz, IH), 1.80-1.89 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.37-1.51 (m, 3H), 0.90-1.05 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 182.26, 158.85, 79.97, 47.65, 46.02, 39.28, 31.11, 30.41, 28.93. M.p. 221.6-222.0 0C.
A suspension of compound l-III (1.2 kg, 4.68 mol) in CH2Cl2 (8 L) was cooled at -1O0C and triethyl amine (1.3 L, 9.36 mol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.717 L, 5.16 mol) were added below -10 0C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours. After water (2.0 L) was added, the organic layer was separated and washed with water (3.0 L) twice. The organic layer was then passed through silica gel and concentrated. The resultant oil was crystallized by methylene chloride. The crystals were washed with hexane to give £rαns-(4-cyano-cyclohexylmethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (Compound 1-IV, 0.95 kg, 85%) as a white crystal. Rf = 0.78 (EtOAc). LC-MS m/e 261, M+Na+. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.58 (brs, IH), 2.96 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (td, J= 12, 3.3 Hz, IH), 2.12 (dd, J= 13.3, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (dd, J = 13.8, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.47-1.63 (m, 3H), 0.88-1.02 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.96, 122.41, 79.09, 45.89, 36.92, 29.06, 28.80, 28.25, 28.00. M.p. 100.4~100.6°C.
Compound 1-IV (1.0 kg, 4.196 mol) was dissolved in a mixture of 1 ,4-dioxane (8.0 L) and water (2.0 L). To the reaction mixture were added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.314 kg, 4.191), Raney-nickel (0.4 kg, 2.334 mol), and 10% palladium on carbon (0.46 kg, 0.216 mol) as a 50% suspension in water. The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at 5O0C for 20 hours. After the catalysts were removed by filtration and the solvents were removed in vacuum, a mixture of water (1.0 L) and CH2Cl2 (0.3 L) was added. After phase separation, the organic phase was washed with water (1.0 L) and concentrated to give £rα/?s-(4-aminomethyl- cyclohexylmethyl)-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester (compound 1-V, 0.97 kg, 95%) as pale yellow thick oil. Rf = 0.20 (MeOH/EtOAc = 9/1). LC-MS m/e 243, M+H+. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.67 (brs, IH), 2.93 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.73-1.78 (m, 4H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.35 (brs, 3H), 1.19-1.21 (m, IH), 0.77-0.97 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.85, 78.33, 48.27, 46.38, 40.80, 38.19, 29.87, 29.76, 28.07. A solution of compound 1-V (806 g) and Et3N (1010 g, 3 eq) in 1-pentanol
(2.7 L) was treated with compound 1-VI, 540 g, 1 eq) at 900C for 15 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. Ethyl acetate (1.5 L) was added to the reaction mixture at 25°C. The solution was stirred for 1 hour. The Et3NHCl salt was filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated to 1.5 L (1/6 of original volume) by vacuum at 500C. Then, diethyl ether (2.5 L) was added to the concentrated solution to afford the desired product 1-VII (841 g, 68% yield) after filtration at 250C .
A solution of intermediate 1-VII (841 g) was treated with 4 N HCl/dioxane (2.7 L) in MeOH (8.1 L) and stirred at 25°C for 15 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated to 1.5 L (1/7 of original volume) by vacuum at 500C. Then, diethyl ether (5 L) was added to the solution slowly, and HCl salt of 1-VIII (774 g) was formed, filtered, and dried under vacuum (<10 torr). For neutralization, K2CO3 (2.5 kg, 8 eq) was added to the solution of HCl salt of 1-VIII in MeOH (17 L) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hours (pH > 12) and filtered (estimated amount of 1-VIII in the filtrate is 504 g). Aldehyde 1-IX (581 g, 1.0 eq based on mole of 1-VII) was added to the filtrate of 1-VIII at 0-100C. The reaction was stirred at 0-100C for 3 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. Then, NaBH4 (81 g, 1.0 eq based on mole of 1-VII) was added at less than 100C and the solution was stirred at 10-150C for Ih. The solution was concentrated to get a residue, which then treated with CH2Cl2 (15 L). The mixture was washed with saturated aq. NH4Cl solution (300 mL) diluted with H2O (1.2 L). The CH2Cl2 layer was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (short column, EtOAc as mobile phase for removing other components; MeOH/28% NH4OH = 97/3 as mobile phase for collecting 1-X) afforded crude 1-X (841 g). Then Et3N (167 g, leq) and BoC2O (360 g, leq) were added to the solution of
1-X (841 g) in CH2Cl2 (8.4 L) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 15 hours. After the reaction was completed as evidenced by TLC, the solution was concentrated and EtOAc (5 L) was added to the resultant residue. The solution was concentrated to 3L (1/2 of the original volume) under low pressure at 500C. Then, n-hexane (3 L) was added to the concentrated solution. The solid product formed at 500C by seeding to afford the desired crude product 1-XI (600 g, 60% yield) after filtration and evaporation. To compound 1-XI (120.0 g) and piperazine (1-XII, 50.0 g, 3 eq) in 1- pentanol (360 niL) was added Et3N (60.0 g, 3.0 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 1200C for 8 hours. Ethyl acetate (480 mL) was added to the reaction mixture at 25°C. The solution was stirred for Ih. The Et3NHCl salt was filtered and the solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel (EtOAc/MeOH = 2:8) to afforded 1-XIII (96 g) in a 74% yield.
A solution of intermediate 1-XIII (100 mg) was treated with 4 N HCl/dioxane (2 mL) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) and stirred at 25°C for 15 hours. The mixture was concentrated to give hydrochloride salt of compound 1 (51 mg). CI-MS (M+ + 1): 459.4
Example 2: Preparation of Compound 2
Compound 2 Intermediate 1-XIII was prepared as described in Example 1.
To a solution of 1-XIII (120 g) in MeOH (2.4 L) were added diethyl vinyl phosphonate (2-1, 45 g, 1.5 eq) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred under 65°C for 24 hours. TLC and HPLC showed that the reaction was completed. The solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel (MeOH/CH2Cl2 = 8/92) to get 87 g of 2-11 (53% yield, purity > 98%, each single impurity <1%) after analyzing the purity of the product by HPLC.
A solution of 20% TFA/CH2C12 (36 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate 2-11 (1.8 g) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature and concentrated by removing the solvent to afford trifluoracetic acid salt of compound 2 (1.3 g). CI-MS (M+ + 1): 623.1
Example 3 : Preparation of Compound 3
TMSBr H H
s U
Intermediate 2-11 was prepared as described in Example 2. To a solution of 2-11 (300 g) in CH2Cl2 (1800 mL) was added TMSBr (450 g, 8 eq) at 10-150C for 1 hour. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 15 hours. The solution was concentrated to remove TMSBr and solvent under vacuum at 400C.
CH2Cl2 was added to the mixture to dissolve the residue. TMSBr and solvent were removed under vacuum again to obtain 36O g crude solid after drying under vacuum (<1 torr) for 3 hours. Then, the crude solid was washed with 7.5 L IPA/MeOH (9/1) to afford compound 3 (280 g) after filtration and drying at 25°C under vacuum (<1 torr) for 3 hours. Crystallization by EtOH gave hydrobromide salt of compound 3 (19Og). CI-MS (M+ + 1): 567.0.
The hydrobromide salt of compound 3 (5.27 g) was dissolved in 20 mL water and treated with concentrated aqueous ammonia (pH=9-10), and the mixture was evaporated in vacuo. The residue in water (30 mL) was applied onto a column (100 mL, 4.5×8 cm) of Dowex 50WX8 (H+ form, 100-200 mesh) and eluted (elution rate, 6 mL/min). Elution was performed with water (2000 mL) and then with 0.2 M aqueous ammonia. The UV-absorbing ammonia eluate was evaporated to dryness to afford ammonia salt of compound 3 (2.41 g). CI-MS (M+ + 1): 567.3.
The ammonia salt of compound 3 (1.5 g) was dissolved in water (8 mL) and alkalified with concentrated aqueous ammonia (pH=l 1), and the mixture solution was applied onto a column (75 mL, 3×14 cm) of Dowex 1X2 (acetate form, 100-200 mesh) and eluted (elution rate, 3 mL/min). Elution was performed with water (900 mL) and then with 0.1 M acetic acid. The UV-absorbing acetic acid eluate was evaporated, and the residue was codistilled with water (5×50 mL) to afford compound 3 (1.44 g). CI-MS (M+ + 1): 567.4. Example 4: Preparation of Compound 4
Compound 4
Intermediate 1-XIII was obtained during the preparation of compound 1. To a solution of diethyl vinyl phosphonate (4-1, 4 g) in CH2Cl2 (120 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (15.5 g, 5 eq) and the mixture was stirred at 300C for 36 hours. The mixture were concentrated under vacuum on a rotatory evaporated to give quantitatively the corresponding phosphochloridate, which was added to a mixture of cyclohexyl amine (4-II, 5.3 g, 2.2 eq), CH2Cl2 (40 mL), and Et3N (6.2 g, 2.5 eq). The mixture was stirred at 35°C for 36 hours, and then was washed with water. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and evaporated to afford 4-III (4.7 g, 85% yield) as brown oil.
Compound 4-III (505 mg) was added to a solution of intermediate 1-XIII (500 mg) in MeOH (4 mL). The solution was stirred at 45°C for 24 hours. The solution was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/ MeOH = 4: 1) to afford intermediate 4-IV (420 mg) in a 63% yield.
A solution of HCl in ether (5 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate 4- IV (420 mg) in CH2Cl2 (1.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 12 hours at room temperature and concentrated by removing the solvent. The resultant residue was washed with ether to afford hydrochloride salt of compound 4 (214 mg). CI-MS (M+ + 1): 595.1
Preparation of compound 51
TMSBr
Intermediate l-II was prepared as described in Example 1. To a suspension of the intermediate l-II (31.9 g) in toluene (150 mL) were added phosphorazidic acid diphenyl ester (51-1, 32.4 g) and Et3N (11.9 g) at 25°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was stirred at 800C for 3 hours and then cooled to 25°C. After benzyl alcohol (51-11, 20 g) was added, the reaction mixture was stirred at 800C for additional 3 hours and then warmed to 1200C overnight. It was then concentrated and dissolved again in EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was collected. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with 2.5 N HCl, saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/Hexane = 1 :2) to give Intermediate 51-111 (35 g) in a 79% yield. A solution of intermediate 51-111 (35 g) treated with 4 N HCl/dioxane (210 rnL) in MeOH (350 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. After ether (700 mL) was added, the solution was filtered. The solid was dried under vacuum. K2CO3 was added to a suspension of this solid in CH3CN and ώo-propanol at room temperature for 10 minutes. After water was added, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, filtered, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated. The resultant residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using CH2Cl2 and MeOH as an eluant) to give intermediate 51-IV (19 g) in a 76% yield. Intermediate 1-IX (21 g) was added to a solution of intermediate 51-IV (19 g) in CH2Cl2 (570 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 2 hours. NaBH(OAc)3 (23 g) was then added at 25°C overnight. After the solution was concentrated, a saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution was added to the resultant residue. The mixture was then extracted with CH2Cl2. The solution was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc and MeOH as an eluant) to afford intermediate 51-V (23.9 g) in a 66% yield.
A solution of intermediate 51-V (23.9 g) and BoC2O (11.4 g) in CH2Cl2 (200 mL) was added to Et3N (5.8 mL) at 25°C for overnight. The solution was then concentrated and the resultant residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc and Hexane as an eluant) to give intermediate 51-VI (22 g) in a 77% yield.
10% Pd/C (2.2 g) was added to a suspension of intermediate 51-VI (22 g) in MeOH (44 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under hydrogen atmosphere overnight, filtered, and concentrated. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc and MeOH as an eluant) to afford intermediate 51-VII (16.5 g) in a 97% yield.
Intermediate 51-VII (16.5 g) and Et3N (4.4 mL) in 1-pentanol (75 mL) was allowed to react with 2,4-dichloro-6-aminopyrimidine (1-VI, 21 g) at 1200C overnight. The solvent was then removed and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc and hexane as an eluant) to afford intermediate 51-VIII (16.2 g) in a 77% yield.
A solution of intermediate 51-VIII (16.2 g) and piperazine (1-XII, 11.7 g) in 1-pentanol (32 mL) was added to Et3N (3.3 mL) at 1200C overnight. After the solution was concentrated, the residue was treated with water and extracted with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was collected and concentrated. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc/ MeOH to 28% NH40H/Me0H as an eluant) to afford Intermediate 51-IX (13.2 g) in a 75% yield. Diethyl vinyl phosphonate (2-1) was treated with 51-IX as described in
Example 3 to afford hydrobromide salt of compound 51. CI-MS (M+ + 1): 553.3
………………………………….
Preparation of Compound 1
Water (10.0 L) and (Boc)2O (3.33 kgg, 15.3 mol) were added to a solution of trans-4-aminomethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (compound 1-I, 2.0 kg, 12.7 mol) and sodium bicarbonate (2.67 kg, 31.8 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. The aqueous layer was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid (2.95 L, pH=2) and then filtered. The resultant solid was collected, washed three times with water (15 L), and dried in a hot box (60° C.) to give trans-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-cyclo-hexanecarboxylic acid (Compound 1-II, 3.17 kg, 97%) as a white solid. Rf=0.58 (EtOAc). LC-MS m/e 280 (M+Na+). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.58 (brs, 1H), 2.98 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (td, J=12, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.35˜1.50 (m, 3H), 0.89˜1.03 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 181.31, 156.08, 79.12, 46.41, 42.99, 37.57, 29.47, 28.29, 27.96. M.p. 134.8˜135.0° C.
A suspension of compound 1-II (1.0 kg, 3.89 mol) in THF (5 L) was cooled at 10° C. and triethyl amine (1.076 L, 7.78 mol) and ethyl chloroformate (0.441 L, 4.47 mol) were added below 10° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled at 10° C. again and NH4OH (3.6 L, 23.34 mol) was added below 10° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours and filtered. The solid was collected and washed three times with water (10 L) and dried in a hot box (60° C.) to give trans-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino-methyl)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide (Compound 1-III, 0.8 kg, 80%) as a white solid. Rf=0.23 (EtOAc). LC-MS m/e 279, M+Na+. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 6.63 (brs, 1H), 2.89 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.16 (td, J=12.2, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 1.80˜1.89 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.37˜1.51 (m, 3H), 0.90˜1.05 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 182.26, 158.85, 79.97, 47.65, 46.02, 39.28, 31.11, 30.41, 28.93. M.p. 221.6˜222.0° C.
A suspension of compound 1-III (1.2 kg, 4.68 mol) in CH2Cl2 (8 L) was cooled at 10° C. and triethyl amine (1.3 L, 9.36 mol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.717 L, 5.16 mol) were added below 10° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours. After water (2.0 L) was added, the organic layer was separated and washed with water (3.0 L) twice. The organic layer was then passed through silica gel and concentrated. The resultant oil was crystallized by methylene chloride. The crystals were washed with hexane to give trans-(4-cyano-cyclohexylmethyl)-carbamic acid tent-butyl ester (Compound 1-IV, 0.95 kg, 85%) as a white crystal. Rf=0.78 (EtOAc). LC-MS m/e 261, M+Na+. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.58 (brs, 1H), 2.96 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (td, J=12, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 2.12 (dd, J=13.3, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (dd, J=13.8, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.47˜1.63 (m, 3H), 0.88˜1.02 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.96, 122.41, 79.09, 45.89, 36.92, 29.06, 28.80, 28.25, 28.00. M.p. 100.4˜100.6° C.
Compound 1-IV (1.0 kg, 4.196 mol) was dissolved in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane (8.0 L) and water (2.0 L). To the reaction mixture were added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.314 kg, 4.191), Raney-nickel (0.4 kg, 2.334 mol), and 10% palladium on carbon (0.46 kg, 0.216 mol) as a 50% suspension in water. The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at 50° C. for 20 hours. After the catalysts were removed by filtration and the solvents were removed in vacuum, a mixture of water (1.0 L) and CH2Cl2 (0.3 L) was added. After phase separation, the organic phase was washed with water (1.0 L) and concentrated to give trans-(4-aminomethyl-cyclohexylmethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (compound 1-V, 0.97 kg, 95%) as pale yellow thick oil. Rf=0.20 (MeOH/EtOAc=9/1). LC-MS m/e 243, M+H+. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.67 (brs, 1H), 2.93 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.73˜1.78 (m, 4H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.35 (brs, 3H), 1.19˜1.21 (m, 1H), 0.77˜0.97 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.85, 78.33, 48.27, 46.38, 40.80, 38.19, 29.87, 29.76, 28.07.
A solution of compound 1-V (806 g) and Et3N (1010 g, 3 eq) in 1-pentanol (2.7 L) was treated with compound 1-VI, 540 g, 1 eq) at 90° C. for 15 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed.
Ethyl acetate (1.5 L) was added to the reaction mixture at 25° C. The solution was stirred for 1 hour. The Et3NHCl salt was filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated to 1.5 L (1/6 of original volume) by vacuum at 50° C. Then, diethyl ether (2.5 L) was added to the concentrated solution to afford the desired product 1-VII (841 g, 68% yield) after filtration at 25° C.
A solution of intermediate 1-VII (841 g) was treated with 4 N HCl/dioxane (2.7 L) in MeOH (8.1 L) and stirred at 25° C. for 15 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated to 1.5 L (1/7 of original volume) by vacuum at 50° C. Then, diethyl ether (5 L) was added to the solution slowly, and HCl salt of 1-VIII (774 g) was formed, filtered, and dried under vacuum (<10 ton). For neutralization, K2CO3 (2.5 kg, 8 eq) was added to the solution of HCl salt of 1-VIII in MeOH (17 L) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hours (pH>12) and filtered (estimated amount of 1-VIII in the filtrate is 504 g).
Aldehyde 1-IX (581 g, 1.0 eq based on mole of 1-VII) was added to the filtrate of 1-VIII at 0-10° C. The reaction was stirred at 0-10° C. for 3 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. Then, NaBH4 (81 g, 1.0 eq based on mole of 1-VII) was added at less than 10° C. and the solution was stirred at 10-15° C. for 1 h. The solution was concentrated to get a residue, which then treated with CH2Cl2 (15 L). The mixture was washed with saturated aq. NH4Cl solution (300 mL) diluted with H2O (1.2 L). The CH2Cl2 layer was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (short column, EtOAc as mobile phase for removing other components; MeOH/28% NH4OH=97/3 as mobile phase for collecting 1-X) afforded crude 1-X (841 g).
Then Et3N (167 g, 1 eq) and Boc2O (360 g, 1 eq) were added to the solution of 1-X (841 g) in CH2Cl2 (8.4 L) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 15 hours. After the reaction was completed as evidenced by TLC, the solution was concentrated and EtOAc (5 L) was added to the resultant residue. The solution was concentrated to 3 L (1/2 of the original volume) under low pressure at 50° C. Then, n-hexane (3 L) was added to the concentrated solution. The solid product formed at 50° C. by seeding to afford the desired crude product 1-XI (600 g, 60% yield) after filtration and evaporation.
To compound 1-XI (120.0 g) and piperazine (1-XII, 50.0 g, 3 eq) in 1-pentanol (360 mL) was added Et3N (60.0 g, 3.0 eq) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 8 hours. Ethyl acetate (480 mL) was added to the reaction mixture at 25° C. The solution was stirred for 1 h. The Et3NHCl salt was filtered and the solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel (EtOAc/MeOH=2:8) to afforded 1-XIII (96 g) in a 74% yield.
To a solution of 1-XIII (120 g) in MeOH (2.4 L) were added diethyl vinyl phosphonate (1-XIV, 45 g, 1.5 eq) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred under 65° C. for 24 hours. TLC and HPLC showed that the reaction was completed. The solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel (MeOH/CH2Cl2=8/92) to get 87 g of 1-XV (53% yield, purity>98%, each single impurity<1%) after analyzing the purity of the product by HPLC.
A solution of 20% TFA/CH2Cl2 (36 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate 1-XV (1.8 g) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature and concentrated by removing the solvent to afford trifluoracetic acid salt of compound 1 (1.3 g).
CI-MS (M++1): 623.1.
(2) Preparation of Compound 2
Intermediate 1-XV was prepared as described in Example 1.
To a solution of 1-XV (300 g) in CH2Cl2 (1800 mL) was added TMSBr (450 g, 8 eq) at 10-15° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 15 hours. The solution was concentrated to remove TMSBr and solvent under vacuum at 40° C. CH2Cl2 was added to the mixture to dissolve the residue. TMSBr and solvent were removed under vacuum again to obtain 360 g crude solid after drying under vacuum (<1 torr) for 3 hours. Then, the crude solid was washed with 7.5 L IPA/MeOH (9/1) to afford compound 2 (280 g) after filtration and drying at 25° C. under vacuum (<1 ton) for 3 hours. Crystallization by EtOH gave hydrobromide salt of compound 2 (190 g). CI-MS (M++1): 567.0.
The hydrobromide salt of compound 2 (5.27 g) was dissolved in 20 mL water and treated with concentrated aqueous ammonia (pH=9-10), and the mixture was evaporated in vacuo. The residue in water (30 mL) was applied onto a column (100 mL, 4.5×8 cm) of Dowex 50WX8 (H+ form, 100-200 mesh) and eluted (elution rate, 6 mL/min). Elution was performed with water (2000 mL) and then with 0.2 M aqueous ammonia. The UV-absorbing ammonia eluate was evaporated to dryness to afford ammonia salt of compound 2 (2.41 g). CI-MS (M++1): 567.3.
The ammonia salt of compound 2 (1.5 g) was dissolved in water (8 mL) and alkalified with concentrated aqueous ammonia (pH=11), and the mixture solution was applied onto a column (75 mL, 3×14 cm) of Dowex 1×2 (acetate form, 100-200 mesh) and eluted (elution rate, 3 mL/min). Elution was performed with water (900 mL) and then with 0.1 M acetic acid. The UV-absorbing acetic acid eluate was evaporated, and the residue was codistilled with water (5×50 mL) to afford compound 2 (1.44 g). CI-MS (M++1): 567.4.
(3) Preparation of Compound 3
Intermediate 1-XIII was obtained during the preparation of compound 1.
To a solution of diethyl vinyl phosphonate (3-I, 4 g) in CH2Cl2 (120 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (15.5 g, 5 eq) and the mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 36 hours. The mixture were concentrated under vacuum on a rotatory evaporated to give quantitatively the corresponding phosphochloridate, which was added to a mixture of cyclohexyl amine (3-II, 5.3 g, 2.2 eq), CH2Cl2 (40 mL), and Et3N (6.2 g, 2.5 eq). The mixture was stirred at 35° C. for 36 hours, and then was washed with water. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and evaporated to afford 3-III (4.7 g, 85% yield) as brown oil.
Compound 3-III (505 mg) was added to a solution of intermediate 1-XIII (500 mg) in MeOH (4 mL). The solution was stirred at 45° C. for 24 hours. The solution was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/MeOH=4:1) to afford intermediate 3-IV (420 mg) in a 63% yield.
A solution of HCl in ether (5 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate 3-IV (420 mg) in CH2Cl2 (1.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 12 hours at room temperature and concentrated by removing the solvent. The resultant residue was washed with ether to afford hydrochloride salt of compound 3 (214 mg).
CI-MS (M++1): 595.1.
(4) Preparation of Compound 4
Compound 4 was prepared in the same manner as that described in Example 2 except that sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate in the presence of Et3N in DMF at 45° C. was used instead of diethyl vinyl phosphonate. Deportations of amino-protecting group by hydrochloride to afford hydrochloride salt of compound 4.
CI-MS (M++1): 567.3
(5) Preparation of Compound 5
Compound 5 was prepared in the same manner as that described in Example 2 except that diethyl-1-bromopropylphosphonate in the presence of K2CO3 in CH3CN was used instead of diethyl vinyl phosphonate.
CI-MS (M++1): 581.4
(6) Preparation of Compound 6
Compound 6 was prepared in the same manner as that described in Example 5 except that 1,4-diaza-spiro[5.5]undecane dihydrochloride was used instead of piperazine.
CI-MS (M++1): 649.5
(7) Preparation of Compound 7
Intermediate 1-II was prepared as described in Example 1.
To a suspension of the intermediate 1-II (31.9 g) in toluene (150 mL) were added phosphorazidic acid diphenyl ester (7-I, 32.4 g) and Et3N (11.9 g) at 25° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours and then cooled to 25° C. After benzyl alcohol (7-II, 20 g) was added, the reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for additional 3 hours and then warmed to 120° C. overnight. It was then concentrated and dissolved again in EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was collected. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with 2.5 N HCl, saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/Hexane=1:2) to give Intermediate 7-III (35 g) in a 79% yield.
A solution of intermediate 7-III (35 g) treated with 4 N HCl/dioxane (210 mL) in MeOH (350 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. After ether (700 mL) was added, the solution was filtered. The solid was dried under vacuum. K2CO3 was added to a suspension of this solid in CH3CN and iso-propanol at room temperature for 10 minutes. After water was added, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, filtered, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated. The resultant residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using CH2Cl2 and MeOH as an eluant) to give intermediate 7-IV (19 g) in a 76% yield.
Intermediate 1-IX (21 g) was added to a solution of intermediate 7-IV (19 g) in CH2Cl2 (570 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hours. NaBH(OAc)3 (23 g) was then added at 25° C. overnight. After the solution was concentrated, a saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution was added to the resultant residue. The mixture was then extracted with CH2Cl2. The solution was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc and MeOH as an eluant) to afford intermediate 7-V (23.9 g) in a 66% yield.
A solution of intermediate 7-V (23.9 g) and Boc2O (11.4 g) in CH2Cl2 (200 mL) was added to Et3N (5.8 mL) at 25° C. for overnight. The solution was then concentrated and the resultant residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc and Hexane as an eluant) to give intermediate 7-VI (22 g) in a 77% yield. 10% Pd/C (2.2 g) was added to a suspension of intermediate 7-VI (22 g) in MeOH (44 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under hydrogen atmosphere overnight, filtered, and concentrated. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc and MeOH as an eluant) to afford intermediate 7-VII (16.5 g) in a 97% yield.
Intermediate 7-VII (16.5 g) and Et3N (4.4 mL) in 1-pentanol (75 mL) was allowed to react with 2,4-dichloro-6-aminopyrimidine (1-VI, 21 g) at 120° C. overnight. The solvent was then removed and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc and hexane as an eluant) to afford intermediate 7-VIII (16.2 g) in a 77% yield.
A solution of intermediate 7-VIII (16.2 g) and piperazine (1-XII, 11.7 g) in 1-pentanol (32 mL) was added to Et3N (3.3 mL) at 120° C. overnight. After the solution was concentrated, the residue was treated with water and extracted with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was collected and concentrated. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (using EtOAc/MeOH to 28% NH4OH/MeOH as an eluant) to afford Intermediate 7-IX (13.2 g) in a 75% yield.
Diethyl vinyl phosphonate (2-I) was treated with 7-IX as described in Example 3 to afford hydrobromide salt of compound 7.
CI-MS (M++1): 553.3
(8) Preparation of Compound 8
Cis-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (8-I, 10 g) in THF (100 ml) was added oxalyl chloride (8-II, 15.5 g) at 0° C. and then DMF (few drops). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The solution was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in THF (100 ml). The mixture solution was added to ammonium hydroxide (80 ml) and stirred for 1 hour. The solution was concentrated and filtration to afford crude product 8-III (7.7 g).
Compound 8-III (7.7 g) in THF (200 ml) was slowly added to LiAlH4 (8.6 g) in THF (200 ml) solution at 0° C. The mixture solution was stirred at 65° C. for 15 hours. NaSO4.10H2O was added at room temperature and stirred for 1 hours. The resultant mixture was filtered to get filtrate and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (100 ml). Et3N (27 g) and (Boc)2O (10 g) were added at room temperature. The solution was stirred for 15 h, and then concentrated to get resultant residue. Ether was added to the resultant residue. Filtration and drying under vacuum afforded solid crude product 8-IV (8.8 g).
A solution of compound 8-IV (1.1 g) and Et3N (1.7 g) in 1-pentanol (10 ml) was reacted with 2,4-dichloro-6-aminopyrimidine (1-VI, 910 mg) at 90° C. for 15 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. Ethyl acetate (10 mL) was added to the reaction mixture at 25° C. The solution was stirred for 1 hour. The Et3NHCl salt was removed. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel (EtOAc/Hex=1:2) to afford the desired product 8-V (1.1 g, 65% yield).
A solution of intermediate 8-V (1.1 g) was treated with 4 N HCl/dioxane (10 ml) in MeOH (10 ml) and stirred at 25° C. for 15 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated, filtered, and dried under vacuum (<10 ton). For neutralization, K2CO3 (3.2 g) was added to the solution of HCl salt in MeOH (20 ml) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hours (pH>12) and filtered. Aldehyde 1-IX (759 mg) was added to the filtrate at 0-10° C. The reaction was stirred at 0-10° C. for 3 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. Then, NaBH4 (112 mg) was added at less than 10° C. and the solution was stirred at 10-15° C. for 1 hour. The solution was concentrated to get a residue, which was then treated with CH2Cl2 (10 mL). The mixture was washed with saturated NH4Cl (aq) solution. The CH2Cl2 layer was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (MeOH/28% NH4OH=97/3) to afford intermediate 8-VI (1.0 g, 66% yield).
Et3N (600 mg) and Boc2O (428 mg) were added to the solution of 8-VI (1.0 g) in CH2Cl2 (10 ml) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 15 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The solution was concentrated and purified by chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/Hex=1:1) to afford intermediate 8-VII (720 mg, 60% yield).
To a solution compound 8-VII (720 mg) and piperazine (1-XII, 1.22 g) in 1-pentanol (10 mL) was added Et3N (1.43 g) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 24 hours. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. Ethyl acetate (20 mL) was added at 25° C. The solution was stirred for 1 hour. The Et3NHCl salt was removed and the solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel (EtOAc/MeOH=2:8) to afford 8-VIII (537 mg) in 69% yield.
To a solution of 8-VIII (537 mg) in MeOH (11 ml) was added diethyl vinyl phosphonate (2-I, 201 mg) at 25° C. The mixture was stirred under 65° C. for 24 hours. TLC and HPLC showed that the reaction was completed. The solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel (MeOH/CH2Cl2=1:9) to get 8-IX (380 mg) in a 57% yield.
To a solution of 8-IX (210 mg) in CH2Cl2 (5 ml) was added TMSBr (312 mg) at 10-15° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 15 hours. The solution was concentrated to remove TMSBr and solvent under vacuum at 40° C., then, CH2Cl2 was added to dissolve the residue. Then TMSBr and solvent were further removed under vacuum and CH2Cl2 was added for four times repeatedly. The solution was concentrated to get hydrobromide salt of compound 8 (190 mg).
CI-MS (M++1): 566.9
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AbbVie’S Investigational Oncology Compound ABT-199/GDC-0199, Venetoclax
ABT 199, RG 7601, GDC 0199
Venetoclax
4-(4-{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]methyl}-1-piperazinyl)-N-({3-nitro-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)amino]phenyl}sulfonyl)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yloxy)benzamide
SYNTHESIS UPDATED BELOW …………..
CAS 1257044-40-8 [RN]
2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yloxy)-4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-N-(3-nitro-4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methylamino)phenylsulfonyl)benzamide
4-[4-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-N-[3-nitro-4-(oxan-4-ylmethylamino)phenyl]sulfonyl-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yloxy)benzamide
ABT 199
- Molecular Formula: C45H50ClN7O7S
- Average mass: 868.439209 Da
- Monoisotopic mass: 867.318115 Da
-
4-(4-{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]methyl}-1-piperazinyl)-N-({3-nitro-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)amino]phenyl}sulfonyl)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yloxy)benzamide
NORTH CHICAGO, Ill., May 31, 2014/NEWS.GNOM.ES/ — AbbVie (NYSE: ABBV) released interim results from a Phase Ib clinical trial of ABT-199/GDC-0199, an investigational B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) selective inhibitor, in combination with rituximab (Abstract 7013). Results showed anoverall response rate (ORR) of 84 percent, in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL), the most common leukemia in the UnitedStates. These results were presented at the 50thAnnual Meeting of the American Society of ClinicalOncology (ASCO), May 30 – June 3 in Chicago.
ABT-199 is a so-called BH3-mimetic drug, which is designed to block the function of the protein Bcl 2. In 1988, it was discovered that Bcl-2 allowed leukaemia cells to become long-lived, a discovery made at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute by Professors David Vaux, Suzanne Cory and Jerry Adams. Subsequent research led by them and other institute scientists, including Professors Andreas Strasser, David Huang, Peter Colman and Keith Watson, has explained much about how Bcl-2 and related molecules function to determine if a cell lives or dies. These discoveries have contributed to the development of a new class of drugs called BH3-mimetics that kill, and thereby rapidly remove, leukaemic cells by blocking Bcl-2. (source:http://www.wehi.edu.au).
|
Highlights of recent research using this agent |
GDC-0199 (RG7601) is a novel small molecule Bcl-2 selective inhibitor designed to restore apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, by blocking the function of a pro-survival Bcl-2 family protein. The Bcl-2 family proteins, which are expressed at high levels in many tumors, play a central role in regulating apoptosis and, consequently, are thought to impact tumor formation, tumor growth and resistance.
Venetoclax (previously: GDC-0199, ABT-199, RG7601 )[1] is a small molecule oral drug being investigated to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).[2][3]
In 2015, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to venetoclax for CLL in previously treated (relapsed/refractory) patients with the 17p deletion genetic mutation.[3]
Mechanism of action
Venetoclax (a BH3-mimetic[4]) acts as a Bcl-2 inhibitor, ie. it blocks the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) protein, leading toprogrammed cell death in CLL cells.[2]
Clinical trials
A phase 1 trial established a dose of 400mg/day.[2]
A trial of venetoclax in combination with rituximab had an encouraging complete response rate.[5]
A phase 2 trial met its primary endpoint which was overall response rate.[3] Interim results from a Phase 2b trial are encouraging, especially in patients with the 17p deletion.[2]
A phase 3 trial (NCT02005471)[1] has started.[3]
NOW IN PHASE 3 UPDATED…………
4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-({3-nitro-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)amino]phenyl}sulfonyl)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yloxy)benzamide (hereafter, “Compound 1”) is a potent and selective Bcl-2 inhibitor having, inter alia, antitumor activity as an apoptosis-inducing agent. Compound 1 has the formula:
Compound 1 is currently the subject of ongoing clinical trials for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0305122 describes Compound 1, and other compounds which exhibit potent binding to a Bcl-2 family protein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2012/0108590 and 2012/0277210 describe pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods for the treatment of neoplastic, immune or autoimmune diseases comprising these compounds. U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0157470 describes pharmaceutically acceptable salts and crystalline forms of Compound 1. The disclosures of U.S. 2010/0305122; 2012/0108590; 2012/0157470 and 2012/0277210 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
PATENT
US 2015183783
http://www.google.com/patents/US20150183783
PATENT
CN 104370905
http://www.google.com/patents/CN104370905A?cl=en
ABT-199 is developed AbbVie Bel-2 inhibitors, I trial (NCT01328626) enrolled 84 patients with relapsed type / refractory CLL / SLL patients and 44 cases of relapsing / refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. ABT-199 treatment response CLL / SLL rate of 79% (complete response rate of 22%), median duration of response time was 20.5 months; ABT-199 treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma response rate of 48% (complete response rate was 7.5%). The efficacy of ABT-199 is capable of obinutuzumab, idelalisib, ibrutinib rival, is expected to become the first listed Bcl_2 inhibitors, ABT-199 is currently ongoing Phase III clinical study.
ABT-199 compound CAS number 1257044-40-8, the compound is structured as follows:
Patent W02012058392, W02012071336, W02010138588 et al. Discloses the preparation of ABT-199 in order to -IH- 5-bromo-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridine as raw material to protect hydroxylation, after replacing the compound 5, and reaction of compound 6, hydrolysis to give compound 9, compound 10 and compound 9 obtained by condensation of ABT-199, a specific line as follows:
use of 2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoate (A) as a raw material, and substituted 5-hydroxy-7-aza-indole (B), reduction to produce compound ( D), the compound (D) with the compound by cyclization after (H) substitution, hydrolysis to yield compound (J), and then with the compound (K) to afford ABT-199.
Preparation of a compound of Example (F) of the
Example
First step: Synthesis of Compound (C)
2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoate in IL three-necked flask 50. 0g, dissolved with dimethylformamide N’N- 250ml, was added successively 5-hydroxy-7-aza-indole indole 33. 6g, potassium carbonate 34. 7g, the reaction was heated to 50 degrees under nitrogen gas protection for 2 hours, poured into 2L of ice water was added and extracted three times with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was dried with saturated sodium chloride spin dry to give Compound (C) crude 82. 0g, crude without purification in the next reaction direct investment.
Step two: Synthesis of Compound (D)
The compound of the previous step (C) of the crude product was dissolved in methanol 400ml, was added 10% palladium on carbon 4. 0g, through the reaction of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, after the end of the reaction by TLC spin solvent to give compound (D) The crude product 73. 2g, crude without purification in the next reaction direct investment.
The third step: Synthesis of compound (F)
Take the previous step the compound (D) crude 20. 0g, t-butanol were added 150ml, compound (E) 10. g, potassium carbonate 9. 7g, completion of the addition the reaction was refluxed for 48 hours the reaction solution was cooled, added acetic acid ethyl ester was diluted, washed with water three times, the combined aqueous phases extracted once with ethyl acetate, the combined ethyl acetate phases twice, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent was spin, the crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 13. 9g, three-step overall yield of 57.4%.
Preparation Example II Compound (H),
[0029] Take compound (G) (prepared according to W02012058392 method) 5. 0g, dissolved with 50ml of dichloromethane, was added triethylamine 5. 6ml, the reaction solution was cooled to 0-5 ° with stirring, was added dropwise methanesulfonyl chloride 2. 7g, the addition was complete the reaction was warmed to room temperature overnight, after the end of the reaction by TLC the reaction was quenched with water, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent was spin, purified by silica gel column chromatography to give compound (H) 6. 5g , a yield of 99%.
Three ABT-199 Preparation of Example
First step: Synthesis of Compound (I)
In IOOml three-necked flask were added the compound (F) 2. 5g, compound ⑶2. 3g, potassium carbonate I. 9g, Ν ‘was added and reacted at 50 degrees N- dimethylformamide 15ml, nitrogen atmosphere, TLC detection After the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into ice-water, extracted with ethyl acetate twice added ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate spin, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give compound (I) 3. 6g, yield 88 %.
Step two: Synthesis of Compound (J)
In IOml single jar Compound (I) I. 0g, followed by adding water 5ml, ethanol 5ml, tetrahydrofuran 5ml, sodium hydroxide 136mg, the reaction was stirred at room temperature the reaction, ethyl acetate was added after dilution of the reaction by TLC, adjusted with IN hydrochloric acid PH4-5, extracted three times with ethyl acetate, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and spin dried to give compound (J) 907mg, 93% yield.
Step two: Synthesis of ABT-199
In a 25ml single neck flask was added the compound (J) 100mg, EDCI67mg, dichloromethane 10ml, the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes, was added the compound (K) (prepared in accordance with W02012058392) 55mg, finally added a catalytic amount of DMAP, the force After opening the reaction was stirred overnight, after the end of the reaction by TLC the solvent was spin, HPLC purified preparation obtained by pure ABT-199 ^ 9811, 65% yield.
PATENT
WO 2014165044
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2014165044A1?cl=en
PATENT
US 2014275540
http://www.google.com/patents/US20140275540
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An exemplary reaction according to Scheme 2 is shown below.
Scheme 3 below. Compound (E) is commercially available or may be prepared by techniques known in the art, e.g., as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,813,443 and Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London, 1907, 22, 302. -
Scheme 4 below. Compound (M) is commercially available or may be prepared by techniques known in the art, e.g., as shown in GB 585940 and J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72, 1215-1218. -
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In another embodiment, the compound of formula (1) is prepared from compound (D) and compound (I) as shown in Scheme 5 below. Compound (J) may be prepared by techniques known in the art, e.g., as shown in WO 2009/117626 and Organometallics, 2008, 27 (21), 5605-5611.
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Example 1 Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (Compound (C))To a 100 ml jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer was charged 4-bromo-2-fluoro1-iodobenzene, “Compound (A)” (5 g, 1.0 eq) and THF (25 ml). The solution was cooled to −5° C. 2 M isopropyl magnesium chloride in THF (10.8 ml, 1.3 eq) was slowly added maintaining the internal temperature below 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (5.44 g, 1.5 eq) in THF (10 ml) was added. After 1 h, the solution was quenched with 10% citric acid (10 ml), and then diluted with 25% NaCl (10 ml). The layers were separated and the organic layer was concentrated to near dryness and chased with THF (3×10 ml). The crude oil was diluted with THF (5 ml), filtered to remove inorganics, and concentrated to dryness. The crude oil (6.1 g, potency=67%, potency adjusted yield=88%) was taken to the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.53 (s, 9H), 7.50-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=10.5, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H). -
Example 2 Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-((1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)oxy)-4-bromobenzoate (Compound (D))
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To a 3 L three-neck Morton flask were charged 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ol (80.0 g, 1.00 eq.), tert-butyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (193 g, 1.15 eq.), and anhydrous DMF (800 mL). The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 15 min. The resulting solution was cooled to about zero to 5° C. A solution of sodium tert-butoxide (62.0 g) in DMF (420 mL) was added slowly over 30 min while maintaining the internal temperature at NMT 10° C., and rinsed with DMF (30 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 10° C. for 1 hour (an off-white slurry) and adjusted the internal temperature to ˜45° C. over 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at 45-50° C. for 7 hr and the reaction progress monitored by HPLC (IP samples: 92% conversion % by HPLC). The solution was cooled to ˜20° C. The solution was stirred at 20° C. overnight.
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Water (1200 mL) was added slowly to the reaction mixture at <30° C. over 1 hour (slightly exothermic). The product slurry was adjusted to ˜20° C., and mixed for NLT 2 hours. The crude product was collected by filtration, and washed with water (400 mL). The wet-cake was washed with heptane (400 mL) and dried under vacuum at 50° C. overnight to give the crude product (236.7 g).
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Re-crystallization or Re-slurry: 230.7 g of the crude product, (potency adjusted: 200.7 g) was charged back to a 3 L three-neck Morton flask. Ethyl acetate (700 mL) was added, and the slurry heated slowly to refluxing temperature over 1 hr (small amount of solids left). Heptane (1400 mL) was added slowly, and the mixture adjusted to refluxing temperature (78° C.). The slurry was mixed at refluxing temperature for 30 min., and cooled down slowly to down to ˜−10° C. at a rate of approximate 10° C./hour), and mixed for 2 hr. The product was collected by filtration, and rinsed with heptane (200 ml).
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The solid was dried under vacuum at ˜50° C. overnight to give 194.8 g, 86% isolated yield of the product as an off-white solid. MS-ESI 389.0 (M+1); mp: 190-191° C. (uncorrected). 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.40 (s, 9H), 6.41 (dd, J=3.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (t, J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 11.72 (s, 1H, NH).
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Example 3 Synthesis of 2-chloro-4,4-dimethylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde (Compound (F))
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To a 500 mL RB flask were charged anhydrous DMF (33.4 g, 0.456 mol) and CH2Cl2 (80 mL). The solution was cooled down <−5° C., and POCl3 (64.7 g, 0.422 mol) added slowly over 20 min @<20° C. (exothermic), rinsed with CH2Cl2 (6 mL). The slightly brown solution was adjusted to 20° C. over 30 min, and mixed at 20° C. for 1 hour. The solution was cooled back to <5° C. 3,3-Dimethylcyclohexanone (41.0 g, 90%, ˜0.292 mol) was added, and rinsed with in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) (slightly exothermic) at <20° C. The solution was heated to refluxing temperature, and mixed overnight (21 hours).
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To a 1000 mL three neck RB flask provided with a mechanical stirrer were charged 130 g of 13.6 wt % sodium acetate trihydrate aqueous solution, 130 g of 12% brine, and 130 mL of CH2Cl2. The mixture was stirred and cooled down to <5° C. The above reaction mixture (clear and brown) was transferred, quenched into it slowly while maintaining the internal temperature <10° C. The reaction vessel was rinsed with CH2Cl2 (10 mL). The quenched reaction mixture was stirred at <10° C. for 15 min. and allowed to rise to 20° C. The mixture was stirred 20° C. for 15 min and allowed to settle for 30 min. (some emulsion). The lower organic phase was separated. The upper aq. phase was back extracted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL). The combined organic was washed with a mixture of 12% brine (150 g)-20% K3PO4 aq. solution (40 g). The organic was dried over MgSO4, filtered and rinsed with CH2Cl2 (30 ml). The filtrate was concentrated to dryness under vacuum to give a brown oil (57.0 g, potency=90.9 wt % by qNMR, ˜100%). 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 0.98 (s, 6H), 1.43 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (tt, J=6.4, 2.2 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (t, J=2.2 Hz, 2H), 10.19 (s, 1H).
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Example 4 Synthesis of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde (Compound (G))
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To a 250 mL pressure bottle were charged 2-chloro-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde (10.00 g), tetrabutylammonium bromide (18.67 g), and acetonitrile (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 5 min. 21.0 wt % K2CO3 aq. solution (76.0 g) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature (rt) for NLT 5 min. followed by addition of 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (9.53 g) all at once. The mixture was evacuated and purged with N2 for three times. Palladium acetate (66 mg, 0.5 mol %) was added all at once under N2. The reaction mixture was evacuated and purged with N2 for three times (an orange colored mixture). The bottle was back filled with N2 and heated to ˜35° C. in an oil bath (bath temp ˜35° C.). The mixture was stirred at 30° C. overnight (15 hours). The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, and pulled IP sample from the upper organic phase for reaction completion, typically starting material <2% (orange colored mixture). Toluene (100 mL) and 5% NaHCO3-2% L-Cysteine aq. solution (100 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 60 min. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite to remove black solid, rinsing the flask and pad with toluene (10 mL). The upper organic phase was washed with 5% NaHCO3 aq. solution-2% L-Cysteine (100 mL) once more. The upper organic phase was washed with 25% brine (100 mL). The organic layer (105.0 g) was assayed (118.8 mg/g, 12.47 g product assayed, 87% assayed yield), and concentrated to ˜1/3 volume (˜35 mL). The product solution was directly used in the next step without isolation. However, an analytical sample was obtained by removal of solvent to give a brown oil. 1HNMR (CDCl3): δ 1.00 (s, 6H), 1.49 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (t, J=2.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.34 (m, 2H), 9.47 (s, 1H).
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Example 5 Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-((4′-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Compound (H))
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To a 2 L three neck RB flask provided with a mechanical stirrer were charged a solution of 4′-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carbaldehyde (50.0 g) in toluene (250 mL), BOC-piperazine (48.2 g) and anhydrous THF (250 mL). The yellow solution was stirred at 20° C. for 5 min. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (52.7 g) was added in portion (note: the internal temperature rose to ˜29.5° C. in 15 min cooling may be needed). The yellow mixture was stirred at ˜25° C. for NLT 4 hrs. A conversion of starting material to product of 99.5% was observed by HPLC after a 3 hour reaction time.
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12.5 wt % brine (500 g) was added slowly to quench the reaction. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for NLT 30 min and allowed to settle for NLT 15 min. The lower aq. phase (˜560 mL) was separated (note: leave any emulsion in the upper organic phase). The organic phase was washed with 10% citric acid solution (500 g×2). 500 g of 5% NaHCO3 aq. solution was charged slowly into the flask. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for NLT 30 min., and allowed to settle for NLT 15 min. The upper organic phase was separated. 500 g of 25% brine aq. solution was charged. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for NLT 15 min., and allowed to settle for NLT 15 min. The upper organic phase was concentrated to ˜200 mL volume under vacuum. The solution was adjusted to −30° C., and filtered off the inorganic salt. Toluene (50 mL) was used as a rinse. The combined filtrate was concentrated to ˜100 mL volume. Acetonitrile (400 mL) was added, and the mixture heated to ˜80° C. to achieve a clear solution. The solution was cooled down slowly to 20° C. slowly at rate 10° C./hour, and mixed at 20° C. overnight (the product is crystallized out at ˜45-50° C., if needed, seed material may be added at 50° C.). The slurry was continued to cool down slowly to ˜−10° C. at rate of 10° C./hours. The slurry was mixed at ˜−10° C. for NLT 6 hours. The product was collected by filtration, and rinsed with pre-cooled acetonitrile (100 mL). The solid was dried under vacuum at 50° C. overnight (72.0 g, 85%). MS-ESI: 419 (M+1); mp: 109-110° C. (uncorrected); 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 1.00 (s, 6H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.48 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.07 (s, br, 2H), 2.18 (m, 4H), 2.24 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.80 (s, 2H), 3.38 (m, 4H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 2H).
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Example 6 Synthesis of 1-((4′-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (Compound (I))
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To a 2.0 L three-neck RB flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer were charged the Boc reductive amination product (Compound (H), 72.0 g) and IPA (720 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 5 min, and 59.3 g of concentrated hydrochloride aq. solution added to the slurry. The reaction mixture was adjusted to an internal temperature of ˜65° C. (a clear and colorless solution achieved). The reaction mixture was agitated at ˜65° C. for NLT 12 hours.
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The product slurry was cooled down to −5° C. slowly (10° C./hour). The product slurry was mixed at ˜−5° C. for NLT 2 hours, collected by filtration. The wet cake was washed with IPA (72 mL) and dried at 50° C. under vacuum overnight to give 73.8 g (95%) of the desired product as a bis-hydrochloride IPA solvate (purity >99.5% peak area at 210 nm). MS-ESI: 319 (M+1); 1HNMR (CDCl3): δ 0.86 (s, 6H), 1.05 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 6H, IPA), 1.42 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (s, br, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 3.23 (m, 4H), 3.4 (s, br, 4H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 3.89 (septet, J=6.0 Hz, 1H, IPA), 7.11 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H).
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Example 7 Synthesis of 3-nitro-4-(((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)amino)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound (N))
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To a 500 mL three-neck RB flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer were charged the 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide, Compound M (10.0 g), diisopropylethylamine (17.5 g), (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methanamine (7.0 g) and acetonitrile (150 mL). The reaction mixture was adjusted to an internal temperature of 80° C. and agitated for no less than 12 hours.
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The product solution was cooled down to 40° C. and agitated for no less than 1 hour until precipitation observed. The product slurry was further cooled to 20° C. Water (75 mL) was slowly charged over no less than 1 hour, and the mixture cooled to 10° C. and agitated for no less than 2 hours before collected by filtration. The wet cake was washed with 1:1 mix of acetonitrile:water (40 mL). The wet cake was then reslurried in water (80 mL) at 40° C. for no less than 1 hour before collected by filtration. The wet cake was rinsed with water (20 mL), and dried at 75° C. under vacuum to give 12.7 g of the desired product in 99.9% purity and in 91% weight-adjusted yield. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.25 (m, 2H), 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (s, NH2, 2H), 7.81 (dd, J=9.1, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.54 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H, NH).
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Example 8 Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-((1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)oxy)-4-(4-((4′-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoate (Compound (K))
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General Considerations:
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this chemistry is considered air and moisture sensitive. While the catalyst precursors in their solid, dry form can be handled and stored in air without special precautions, contact with even small amounts of solvent may render them susceptible to decomposition. As a result, traces of oxygen or other competent oxidants (e.g., solvent peroxides) must be removed prior to combination of the catalyst precursors with solvent and care must be used to prevent ingress of oxygen during the reaction. Also, care must be taken to use dry equipment, solvents, and reagents to prevent formation of undesirable byproducts. The sodium t-butoxide used in this reaction is hygroscopic and it should be properly handled and stored prior to or during use.
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To a 2.0 L three-neck RB flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer were charged the bis-hydrochloride salt (Compound (I), 42.5 g) and toluene (285 ml). 20% K3PO4 (285 ml) was added and the biphasic mixture was stirred for 30 min. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with 25% NaCl (145 ml). The organic layer concentrated to 120 g and used in the coupling reaction without further purification.
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NaOtBu (45.2 g) and Compound (I) in toluene solution (120 g solution −30 g potency adjusted) were combined in THF (180 ml) in a suitable reactor and sparged with nitrogen for NLT 45 min. Pd2dba3 (0.646 g), Compound (J) (0.399 g), and Compound (D) (40.3 g) were combined in a second suitable reactor and purged with nitrogen until oxygen level was NMT 40 ppm. Using nitrogen pressure, the solution containing Compound (I) and NaOtBu in toluene/THF was added through a 0.45 μm inline filter to the second reactor (catalyst, Compound (J) and Compound (D)) and rinsed with nitrogen sparged THF (30 ml).
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The resulting mixture was heated to 55° C. with stirring for NLT 16 h, then cooled to 22° C. The mixture was diluted with 12% NaCl (300 g) followed by THF (300 ml). The layers were separated.
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The organic layer was stirred with a freshly prepared solution of L-cysteine (15 g), NaHCO3 (23 g), and water (262 ml). After 1 h the layers were separated.
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The organic layer was stirred with a second freshly prepared solution of L-cysteine (15 g), NaHCO3 (23 g), and water (262 ml). After 1 h the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with 12% NaCl (300 g), then filtered through a 0.45 μm inline filter. The filtered solution was concentrated in vacuo to ˜300 mL, and chased three times with heptane (600 mL each) to remove THF.
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The crude mixture was concentrated to 6 volumes and diluted with cyclohexane (720 ml). The mixture was heated to 75° C., held for 15 min, and then cooled to 65° C. over NLT 15 min. Seed material was charged and the mixture was held at 65° C. for 4 hours. The suspension was cooled to 25° C. over NLT 8 h, then held at 25° C. for 4 hours. The solids were filtered and washed with cyclohexane (90 ml) and dried at 50° C. under vacuum.
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Isolated 52.5 g (88.9% yield) as a white solid. Melting point (uncorrected) 154-155° C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 0.93 (s, 6H), 1.27 (s, 9H), 1.38 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (s, 2H), 2.08-2.28 (m, 6H), 2.74 (s, 2H), 3.02-3.19 (m, 4H), 6.33 (dd, J=3.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (dd, J=9.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.99-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.64 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 11.53 (s, 1H).
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Example 9 Synthesis of 2-((1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)oxy)-4-(4-((4′-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid (Compound (L))
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Solution preparation: 10% KH2PO4 (aq): KH2PO4 (6 g) in water (56 g); 2:1 heptane/2-MeTHF:heptane (16 mL) in 2-MeTHF (8 mL).
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Compound (K) (5.79 g), potassium tert-butoxide (4.89 g), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (87 mL), and water (0.45 mL) were combined in a suitable reactor under nitrogen and heated to 55° C. until reaction completion. The reaction mixture was cooled to 22° C., washed with the 10% KH2PO4 solution (31 g) twice. The organic layer was then washed with water (30 g).
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After removal of the aqueous layer, the organic layer was concentrated to 4 volumes (˜19 mL) and heated to no less than 50° C. Heptane (23 ml) was slowly added. The resulting suspension was cooled to 10° C. Solids were then collected by vacuum filtration with recirculation of the liquors and the filter cake washed with 2:1 heptane/2-MeTHF (24 ml). Drying of the solids at 80° C. under vacuum yielded 4.0 g of Compound (L) in approximately 85% weight-adjusted yield. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 0.91 (s, 6H), 1.37 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (s, br, 2H), 2.15 (m, 6H), 2.71 (s, br, 2H), 3.09 (m, 4H), 6.31 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (dd, J=3.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.7 (dd, J=9.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (t, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H) & 11.59 (m, 1H).
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Example 10 Synthesis of 4-(4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl)-N-({3-nitro-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)amino]phenyl}sulfonyl)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yloxy)benzamide (Compound (I))
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Solution preparation prior to reaction: 10% Acetic Acid:Acetic Acid (37 mL) in water (333 g); 5% NaHCO3:NaHCO3 (9 g) in water (176 g); 5% NaCl:NaCl (9 g) in water (176 g).
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Compound (N) (13.5 g), DMAP (10.5 g), EDAC (10.7 g) and dichloromethane (300 mL) were combined in a suitable reactor and agitated at 25° C. In a second suitable reactor was charged the Acid (Compound (L), 25 g), Et3N (8.7 g) and dichloromethane (120 mL). The resulting Acid (Compound (L)) solution was slowly charged to the initial suspension of Compound (N) and agitated until reaction completion.
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N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (9.4 g) was then charged to the reaction mixture with continued agitation. The reaction mixture was warmed to 35° C. and washed with 10% Acetic acid solution (185 mL) twice. The lower organic layer was diluted with more dichloromethane (75 mL) and methanol (12.5 mL). The organic, product layer was then washed with 5% NaHCO3 solution (185 mL) and then washed with 5% NaCl solution (185 mL) at 35° C. The lower, organic layer was separated and then concentrated to 8 vol (˜256 mL) diluted with methanol (26 mL) and warmed to 38° C. Ethyl Acetate (230 mL) was slowly charged. The resulting suspension was slowly cooled to 10° C. and then filtered. The wet cake was washed twice with a 1:1 mix of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate (˜2 vol, 64 mL). After drying the wet cake at 90° C., 32 g (84%) of Compound (I) was isolated.
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1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 0.90 (s, 6H), 1.24 (m, 2H), 1.36 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.93 (s, br, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 2.19 (m, 4H), 2.74 (s, br, 2H), 3.06 (m, 4H), 3.26 (m, 4H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 6.17 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.37 (dd, J=3.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J=9.1, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.78 (dd, J=9.3, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=2.61 Hz, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=2.33 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H, NH), 11.65 (m, 1H).
PATENT
| Patent | Submitted | Granted |
|---|---|---|
| APOPTOSIS-INDUCING AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER AND IMMUNE AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES [US2014275082] | 2014-02-10 | 2014-09-18 |
| Processes For The Preparation Of An Apoptosis-Inducing Agent [US2014275540] | 2014-03-12 | 2014-09-18 |
| APOPTOSIS INDUCING AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER AND IMMUNE AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES [US2010305122] | 2010-12-02 | |
| Panel of micrornas that silence the MCL-1 gene and sensitize cancer cells to ABT-263 [US8742083] | 2010-12-23 | 2014-06-03 |
| Treatment Of Cancers Using PI3 Kinase Isoform Modulators [US2014377258] | 2014-05-30 | 2014-12-25 |
| METHODS OF TREATMENT USING SELECTIVE BCL-2 INHIBITORS [US2012129853] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-05-24 |
| INHIBITION OF MCL-1 AND/OR BFL-1/A1 [US2015051249] | 2013-03-14 | 2015-02-19 |
| COMBINATION THERAPY OF A TYPE II ANTI-CD20 ANTIBODY WITH A SELECTIVE BCL-2 INHIBITOR [US2014248262] | 2013-09-06 | 2014-09-04 |
References
- New Drugs Online Report for venetoclax
- Hard-to-Treat CLL Yields to Investigational Drug. ASH Dec 2015 refs: Roberts AW, et al “Targeting BCL2 with venetoclax in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia” N Engl J Med 2015; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1513257.
- Phase 2 Study of Venetoclax in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with 17p Deletion Meets Primary Endpoint
- ABT-199 BH-3 Mimetic Enters Phase Ia Trial For Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. 2011
- For Refractory CLL, Venetoclax’s Complete Response Rate Is Tops. 2015
External links
- ABT-199 inc formula and structure
|
References |
1: Souers AJ, Leverson JD, Boghaert ER, Ackler SL, Catron ND, Chen J, Dayton BD, Ding H, Enschede SH, Fairbrother WJ, Huang DC, Hymowitz SG, Jin S, Khaw SL, Kovar PJ, Lam LT, Lee J, Maecker HL, Marsh KC, Mason KD, Mitten MJ, Nimmer PM, Oleksijew A, Park CH, Park CM, Phillips DC, Roberts AW, Sampath D, Seymour JF, Smith ML, Sullivan GM, Tahir SK, Tse C, Wendt MD, Xiao Y, Xue JC, Zhang H, Humerickhouse RA, Rosenberg SH, Elmore SW. ABT-199, a potent and selective BCL-2
inhibitor, achieves antitumor activity while sparing platelets. Nat Med. 2013 Jan 6. doi: 10.1038/nm.3048. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23291630.
 |
|
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
4-(4-{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]methyl}-1-piperazinyl)-N-({3-nitro-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)amino]phenyl}sulfonyl)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yloxy)benzamide
|
|
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 1257044-40-8 |
| PubChem | CID: 49846579 |
| ChemSpider | 29315017 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C45H50ClN7O7S |
| Molecular mass | 868.44 g/mol |
/////////
CC1(CCC(=C(C1)c2ccc(cc2)Cl)CN3CCN(CC3)c4ccc(c(c4)Oc5cc6cc[nH]c6nc5)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)c7ccc(c(c7)[N+](=O)[O-])NCC8CCOCC8)C
OR
CC1(CCC(=C(C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)CN3CCN(CC3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)NCC6CCOCC6)[N+](=O)[O-])OC7=CN=C8C(=C7)C=CN8)C
Saracatinib, AZD0530 in phase 3 for Ovary Cancer,
Saracatinib
NCGC00241099, cas 379231-04-6
893428-71-2 (trihydrate)
N-(5-Chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-7-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)ethoxy]-5-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy]-4-quinazolinamine
N-(5-Chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy]-5-(tetrahydropyran-4-yloxy)quinazolin-4-amine
4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methyIpiperazin-l-yI)ethoxy]- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline
4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)- 7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-l -yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline
AZD0530
C27H32ClN5O5
542.03
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP
| Astrazeneca Ab, Astrazeneca Uk Ltd, |
Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a highly selective, orally available, dual-specific Src/Abl kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 2.7 and 30 nM for c-Src and Abl kinase, respectively.Saracatinib (AZD0530) demonstrated potent antimigratory and antiinvasive effects in vitro, and inhibited metastasis in a murine model of bladder cancer. Antiproliferative activity of AZD0530 in vitro varied between cell lines (IC50=0.2 ~10 mM).
c-Src, Bcr–Abl, Yes1, Lck.target
AZD0530 is orally available 5-, 7-substituted anilinoquinazoline with anti-invasive and anti-tumor activities. AZD0530 is a dual-specific inhibitor of Src and Abl, protein tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. This agent binds to and inhibits these tyrosine kinases and their effects on cell motility, cell migration, adhesion, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Specifically, AZD0530 inhibits Src kinase-mediated osteoclast bone resorption.
AZD-0530 is a highly selective, dual-specific small molecule Src/Abl kinase inhibitor currently in phase II/III clinical trials at AstraZeneca for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Phase II clinical trials are also under way at the company for the treatment of solid tumors and hematological neoplasms. The Mayo Clinic is developing AZD-0530 in phase II clinical studies for the treatment of metastatic pancreas cancer.
Additional phase II trials are under way at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the treatment of colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, stage II or IV melanoma and thymic malignancies. A phase II trial for pancreatic cancer has been suspended. Src and Abl kinase are highly expressed in various human tumor types. No recent development has been reported for research into the treatment of head and neck cancer.
Phase II study of Saracatinib (AZD0530) for for the treatment of patients with hormone receptor-negative metastatic breast cancer : Nine patients were treated on study. After a median of 2 cycles (range 1-3), no patient had achieved CR, PR, or SD >6 months. The median time to treatment failure was 82 days (12-109 days).The majority (89%) of patients discontinued saracatinib because of disease progression. One patient acquired potentially treatment-related grade 4 hypoxia with interstitial infiltrates and was removed from the study. Common adverse events included fatigue, elevated liver enzymes, nausea, hyponatremia, dyspnea, cough, and adrenal insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS: These efficacy results were not sufficiently promising to justify continued accrual to this study. Based on this series, saracatinib does not appear to have significant single-agent activity for the treatment of patients with ER(-)/PR(-) MBC. (source: Clin Breast Cancer. 2011 Oct;11(5):306-11.)
Phase II study of Saracatinib (AZD0530) in patients with metastatic or locally advanced gastric or gastro esophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma: Saracatinib has insufficient activity as a single agent in patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma to warrant further investigation. Further development in gastric cancer would require rational drug combinations or identification of a tumor phenotype sensitive to Src inhibition. (source: Invest New Drugs. 2011 Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print]).
Phase II study of saracatinib (AZD0530) for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Nine patients were enrolled. All patients had received prior radiotherapy and six patients had received prior chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic disease. The most common adverse event was fatigue. Eight patients had progression of disease by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) within the first eight-week cycle and one patient was removed from the study after 11 days due to clinical decline with stable disease according to the RECIST criteria. Median overall survival was six months. The study was closed early due to lack of efficacy according to the early stopping rule. CONCLUSION: Single-agent saracatinib does not merit further study in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. (source: Anticancer Res. 2011 Jan;31(1):249-53.)
893428-72-3 Saracatinib difumarate
893428-73-4 also
Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a Src inhibitor for c-Src with IC50 of 2.7 nM.
…………………………….
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2001094341A9?cl=en
………………….
WO 2006064217
http://www.google.fm/patents/EP1871769A2?cl=en
4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)- 7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-l -yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline which compound is disclosed as Compound No. 73 within the Table in Example 14 of International Patent Application WO 01/94341. That compound is described herein by way of the Formula I
and as AZD0530, the code number by which the compound is known.
AZD0530 is an inhibitor of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinase enzymes and, thereby, is a selective inhibitor of the motility of tumour cells and a selective inhibitor of the dissemination and invasiveness of mammalian cancer cells leading to inhibition of metastatic tumour growth. In particular, the compound AZD0530 is an inhibitor of c-Src non-receptor tyrosine kinase and should be of value as an anti-invasive agent for use in the containment and/or treatment of solid tumour disease in the human or animal body. The route for preparing the compound of the Formula I that is disclosed in International Patent Application WO 01/94341 involves the reaction of the compound 4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-hydroxy-5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline with an alkylating agent to form the 2-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)ethoxy side-chain at the 7-position. The product of the reaction is disclosed in WO 01/94341 in the form of a dihydrochloride salt and in the form of a free base.
Example 14 4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyaniIino)-7-[2-(4-methyIpiperazin-l-yI)ethoxy]- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline (route 4)
Under an atmosphere of nitrogen gas, l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylpiperazine (13.93 g) was added to a stirred mixture of 4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-fluoro- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline (12.9 g), sodium te/t-pentoxide (9.87 g) and 1 ,2-diethoxyethane (37.5 ml). Water (1.34 g) and 1,2-diethoxyethane (25 ml) were added and the resultant reaction mixture was stirred and heated to 86°C for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 5O0C and, under vacuum distillation at approximately 60 millibar pressure, approximately 50 ml of reaction solvent was distilled off. The reaction mixture was neutralised to pH 7.0 to 7.6 by the addition of a mixture of concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid (36%, 10 ml) and water (84 ml) at a rate that kept the temperature of the reaction mixture at a maximum of 6O0C. With the temperature of the reaction mixture being kept at 6O0C, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (225 ml). The organic solution was washed with water (50 ml). Water (25 ml) was added and, with the temperature being kept at 6O0C, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, then allowed to stand for 30 minutes and the aqueous layer was separated. The organic layer was concentrated to a volume of about 100 ml by distillation of solvent at about 9O0C under atmospheric pressure. The residual mixture was cooled during 1 hour to 450C and held at that temperature for 2 hours to allow crystallisation of product. The mixture was warmed briefly to 550C and then cooled during 4 hours to 180C and held at that temperature for 1 hour. The crystalline precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed in turn with water (17 ml) and with tø’t-butyl methyl ether (17 ml). There was thus obtained 4-(6-chloro-2,3-πiethylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)ethoxy]- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline as a trihydrate (11 g; 88% purity by HPLC using Method B, retention time 7.3 minutes); NMR Spectrum: (CDCl3) 1.65 (br s, 3H), 1.9-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.2-2.3 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.4-2.8 (m, 8H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.6-3.7 (m, 2H), 3.95-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.2-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.8 (m,lH), 6.05 (s, 2H), 6.55 (s, IH), 6.75 (d, IH), 6.85 (s, IH), 7.0 (d, IH), 8.55 (s, IH), 9.25 (s, IH).
A portion (10 g) of the material so obtained was placed on a filter and dried at ambient temperature in a stream of dry nitrogen gas. The resultant material was dissolved at 6O0C in dry isopropanol (140 ml) whilst maintaining a dry nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and to stand under a dry nitrogen atmosphere for 2 days. The resultant crystalline solid was isolated by filtration under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. The material (8 g) so obtained was a crystalline anhydrous form of 4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-l -yl)ethoxy]- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline, m.p. 142 to 1440C.
Example 15
4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)ethoxy]- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline difumarate salt
A mixture of 4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin- l-yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline trihydrate (27.1 g), isopropanol (200 ml) and water (10 ml) was heated to 75°C. A mixture of fumaric acid (12.8 g), isopropanol (200 ml) and water (40 ml) was heated to 😯0C. A portion (80 ml) of the warmed solution of the quinazoline compound was added to the fumaric acid solution whilst the temperature was maintained at 750C. The resultant mixture was stirred at 750C for 75 minutes. The remainder of the quinazoline compound solution was added during 1 hour whilst the temperature was maintained at 750C. Isopropanol (50 ml) was added and the resultant mixture was stirred at 750C for 7 hours. The mixture was cooled slowly over at least 25 minutes to 5O0C and was stirred at that temperature for 6 hours. The mixture was cooled slowly over at least 20 minutes to 2O0C and was stirred at that temperature for 18.5 hours. The crystalline solid was isolated by filtration, washed twice with a 10:1 mixture of isopropanol and water (50 ml and 100 ml respectively) and dried in vacuo at 450C to constant weight. There was thus obtained 4-(6-chloro- 2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylρiperazin-l-yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran- 4-yloxyquinazoline difumarate salt (37.0 g); m.p. 233-2370C; NMR Spectrum: (DMSOd6) 1.76-1.88 (m, 2H), 2.1-2.17 (m, 2H)5 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.6 (br s, 8H), 2.78 (t, 2H), 3.51-3.6 (m, 2H)3 3.83-3.9 (m, 2H), 4.24 (t, 2H)5 4.98-5.07 (m, IH), 6.07 (s, 2H)3 6.6 (s, 4H)5 6.83 (d5 IH)3 6.84 (d, IH)5 6.91 (d3 IH)5 7.05 (d, IH)3 8.33 (s, IH)3 9.18 (s, IH).
Example 16
4-(6-chloro-2,3-methyIenedioxyaniIino)-7-[2-(4-methyIpiperazin-l-yl)ethoxy]- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yIoxyquinazolme difumarate salt
A mixture of 4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin- l-yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline trihydrate (27.1 g), isopropanol (210 ml) and water (30 ml) was heated to 4O0C and the mixture was filtered. The filter was washed with isopropanol (20 ml) and the washings were added to the warm filtrate. The resultant solution was warmed to 75°C.
A mixture of fumaric acid (12.8 g), isopropanol (200 ml) and water (20 ml) was heated to 700C and the resultant mixture was filtered. A portion (110 ml) of the fumaric acid solution was added to the warmed solution of 4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)- 7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline whilst the temperature was maintained at 75°C. Seed crystals of 4-(6-chloro-
253-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran- 4-yloxyquinazoline difumarate salt (0.02 g) were added and the resultant mixture was stirred at 750C for 1 hour. The remainder of the fumaric acid solution was added during 1 hour whilst the temperature was maintained at 750C and the resultant mixture was stirred at 750C for 14 hours.
The mixture was cooled slowly over at least 2 hours to 200C and was stirred at that temperature for 1 hour. The crystalline solid was isolated by filtration, washed twice with a 10:1 mixture of isopropanol and water (50 ml and 100 ml respectively) and dried in vacuo at 450C to constant weight. There was thus obtained 4-(6-chloro-253-methylenedioxyanilino)- 7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline difumarate salt (35.8 g); m.p. 234-237°C; NMR Spectrum: (DMSOd6) 1.76-1.88 (m, 2H)5 2.1-2.17 (m5 2H)5 2.33 (s5 3H)5 2.6 (br s, 8H), 2.78 (t, 2H), 3.51-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.9 (m, 2H), 4.24 (t, 2H)5 4.98-5.07 (m, IH), 6.07 (s, 2H)5 6.6 (s, 4H), 6.83 (d, IH)5 6.84 (d, IH)5 6.91 (d, IH)5 7.05 (d, IH)5 8.33 (s5 IH)5 9.18 (s5 IH).
Example 17 4-(6-chloro-2,3-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methyIpiperazin-l-yI)ethoxy]- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline sesquifumarate salt
A mixture of 4-(6-chloro-253-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin- l-yl)ethoxy]-5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline difurnarate (0.15 g) and water (20 ml) was warmed using a heat gun to obtain a solution. The sample was allowed to evaporate slowly at ambient temperature to a volume of about 3 ml under a flow of air for 24 hours whereupon a precipitate had started to form. The mixture was placed in a refridgerator at 4°C for 2 days. The resultant precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed with water. There was thus obtained 4-(6-chloro-253-methylenedioxyanilino)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)ethoxy]- 5-tetrahydropyran-4-yloxyquinazoline as a sesquifumarate tetrahydrate salt (0.084 g) which was characterised using XRPD5 DSC5 TGA5 FTIR and solution NMR techniques.
………………..
A simplified process for the manufacture of AZD0530, a potent SRC kinase inhibitor
Org Process Res Dev 2011, 15(3): 688
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op100161y
Process research and development of a synthetic route towards a novel SRC kinase inhibitor is described. The Medicinal Chemistry route was very long and suffered from extensive use of chlorinated solvents and chromatography. A number of steps in the Medicinal Chemistry route were also unattractive for large-scale use for a variety of reasons. The route was modified to produce a shorter synthetic scheme that started from more readily available materials. By using the modified route, the title compound was manufactured on kilogram scale without recourse to chromatography and in significantly fewer steps. The scaled synthesis required two Mitsunobu couplings, which were developed and scaled successfully. An interesting hydrazine impurity was identified in the second Mitsunobu coupling; a mechanism for its formation is proposed, and a method for its control is described. The formation and control of some other interesting impurities are also described.
N-(5-Chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy]-5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yloxy)quinazolin-4-amine Difumarate (AZD0530 Difumarate)
Final Purification of N-(5-Chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy]-5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yloxy)quinazolin-4-amine Difumarate (AZD0530 Difumarate)
AZD0530 difumarate (4.234 kg at 89% w/w, 4.87 mol) was refluxed in a mixture of IPA (10.L) and water (10.L, Fresenius). A solution was not obtained, so further IPA (450 mL) and water (450 mL, Fresenius) were added, and the mixture was refluxed. The resulting solution was cooled to 68 °C and screened over 3.5 min through a 20 μm in-line filter into a vessel preheated to 65 °C. IPA(20.4 L) at 65 °C was added via the first vessel and in-line filter, and the resulting solution was stirred at 65 °C for 2 h. Crystallisation was evident after 20 min. The mixture was allowed to self-cool to ambient temperature overnight before filtering and washing the cake with a mixture (prescreened through a 20 μm membrane) of water (640 mL) and IPA (5.76 L). The cake was washed with IPA (6.4 L, prescreened) and MTBE (6.4 L, prescreened) and dried to constant weight under reduced pressure at 50 °C to give AZD0530 difumarate (2.865 kg, at 95.2% w/w, 3.52 mol, 72% yield). Spectroscopic analysis was in agreement with the reported data…………Ford, J. G.; McCabe, J. F.; O’Kearney-McMullan, A.; O’Keefe, P.; Pointon, S. M.; Powell, L.; Purdie, M.; Withnall, J. WO/2006/064217, 2006.
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SEE…………N-(5-Chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-7-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy]-5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yloxy)quinazolin-4-amine, a novel, highly selective, orally available, dual-specific c-Src/Abl kinase inhibitor
J Med Chem 2006, 49(22): 6465
…………..
1: Hannon RA, Finkelman RD, Clack G, Iacona RB, Rimmer M, Gossiel F, Baselga J, Eastell R. Effects of Src kinase inhibition by saracatinib (AZD0530) on bone turnover in advanced malignancy in a Phase I study. Bone. 2012 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 22245630.
2: Gucalp A, Sparano JA, Caravelli J, Santamauro J, Patil S, Abbruzzi A, Pellegrino C, Bromberg J, Dang C, Theodoulou M, Massague J, Norton L, Hudis C, Traina TA. Phase II trial of saracatinib (AZD0530), an oral SRC-inhibitor for the treatment of patients with hormone receptor-negative metastatic breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2011 Oct;11(5):306-11. Epub 2011 May 3. PubMed PMID: 21729667; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3222913.
3: Mackay HJ, Au HJ, McWhirter E, Alcindor T, Jarvi A, Macalpine K, Wang L, Wright JJ, Oza AM. A phase II trial of the Src kinase inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) in patients with metastatic or locally advanced gastric or gastro esophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma: a trial of the PMH phase II consortium. Invest New Drugs. 2011 Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 21400081.
4: Fury MG, Baxi S, Shen R, Kelly KW, Lipson BL, Carlson D, Stambuk H, Haque S, Pfister DG. Phase II study of saracatinib (AZD0530) for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Anticancer Res. 2011 Jan;31(1):249-53. PubMed PMID: 21273606.
5: Renouf DJ, Moore MJ, Hedley D, Gill S, Jonker D, Chen E, Walde D, Goel R, Southwood B, Gauthier I, Walsh W, McIntosh L, Seymour L. A phase I/II study of the Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) in combination with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer. Invest New Drugs. 2010 Dec 18. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 21170669.
6: Dalton RN, Chetty R, Stuart M, Iacona RB, Swaisland A. Effects of the Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) on renal function in healthy subjects. Anticancer Res. 2010 Jul;30(7):2935-42. PubMed PMID: 20683035.
7: Arcaroli JJ, Touban BM, Tan AC, Varella-Garcia M, Powell RW, Eckhardt SG, Elvin P, Gao D, Messersmith WA. Gene array and fluorescence in situ hybridization biomarkers of activity of saracatinib (AZD0530), a Src inhibitor, in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Aug 15;16(16):4165-77. Epub 2010 Aug 3. PubMed PMID: 20682712.
8: Morrow CJ, Ghattas M, Smith C, Bönisch H, Bryce RA, Hickinson DM, Green TP, Dive C. Src family kinase inhibitor Saracatinib (AZD0530) impairs oxaliplatin uptake in colorectal cancer cells and blocks organic cation transporters. Cancer Res. 2010 Jul 15;70(14):5931-41. Epub 2010 Jun 15. PubMed PMID: 20551056; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2906706.
9: Hannon RA, Clack G, Rimmer M, Swaisland A, Lockton JA, Finkelman RD, Eastell R. Effects of the Src kinase inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) on bone turnover in healthy men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase I trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Mar;25(3):463-71. PubMed PMID: 19775203.
10: Rajeshkumar NV, Tan AC, De Oliveira E, Womack C, Wombwell H, Morgan S, Warren MV, Walker J, Green TP, Jimeno A, Messersmith WA, Hidalgo M. Antitumor effects and biomarkers of activity of AZD0530, a Src inhibitor, in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jun 15;15(12):4138-46. Epub 2009 Jun 9. PubMed PMID: 19509160.
11: Chen Y, Guggisberg N, Jorda M, Gonzalez-Angulo A, Hennessy B, Mills GB, Tan CK, Slingerland JM. Combined Src and aromatase inhibition impairs human breast cancer growth in vivo and bypass pathways are activated in AZD0530-resistant tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 May 15;15(10):3396-405. PubMed PMID: 19451593.
12: Lara PN Jr, Longmate J, Evans CP, Quinn DI, Twardowski P, Chatta G, Posadas E, Stadler W, Gandara DR. A phase II trial of the Src-kinase inhibitor AZD0530 in patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer: a California Cancer Consortium study. Anticancer Drugs. 2009 Mar;20(3):179-84. PubMed PMID: 19396016; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3225398.
13: Green TP, Fennell M, Whittaker R, Curwen J, Jacobs V, Allen J, Logie A, Hargreaves J, Hickinson DM, Wilkinson RW, Elvin P, Boyer B, Carragher N, Plé PA, Bermingham A, Holdgate GA, Ward WH, Hennequin LF, Davies BR, Costello GF. Preclinical anticancer activity of the potent, oral Src inhibitor AZD0530. Mol Oncol. 2009 Jun;3(3):248-61. Epub 2009 Feb 7. PubMed PMID: 19393585.
14: de Vries TJ, Mullender MG, van Duin MA, Semeins CM, James N, Green TP, Everts V, Klein-Nulend J. The Src inhibitor AZD0530 reversibly inhibits the formation and activity of human osteoclasts. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Apr;7(4):476-88. PubMed PMID: 19372577.
15: Schweppe RE, Kerege AA, French JD, Sharma V, Grzywa RL, Haugen BR. Inhibition of Src with AZD0530 reveals the Src-Focal Adhesion kinase complex as a novel therapeutic target in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jun;94(6):2199-203. Epub 2009 Mar 17. PubMed PMID: 19293266; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2690419.
16: Purnell PR, Mack PC, Tepper CG, Evans CP, Green TP, Gumerlock PH, Lara PN, Gandara DR, Kung HJ, Gautschi O. The Src inhibitor AZD0530 blocks invasion and may act as a radiosensitizer in lung cancer cells. J Thorac Oncol. 2009 Apr;4(4):448-54. PubMed PMID: 19240653; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2716757.
17: Gwanmesia PM, Romanski A, Schwarz K, Bacic B, Ruthardt M, Ottmann OG. The effect of the dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor AZD0530 on Philadelphia positive leukaemia cell lines. BMC Cancer. 2009 Feb 13;9:53. PubMed PMID: 19216789; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2654659.
18: Chang YM, Bai L, Liu S, Yang JC, Kung HJ, Evans CP. Src family kinase oncogenic potential and pathways in prostate cancer as revealed by AZD0530. Oncogene. 2008 Oct 23;27(49):6365-75. Epub 2008 Aug 4. PubMed PMID: 18679417.
Src inhibition with saracatinib reverses fulvestrant resistance in ER-positive ovarian cancer models in vitro and in vivo.
Simpkins et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Aug 15. PMID: 22896656.
Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a potent modulator of ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo.
Liu et al. Int J Cancer. 2012 May 24. PMID: 22623106.
Common PIK3CA mutants and a novel 3′ UTR mutation are associated with increased sensitivity to saracatinib.
Arcaroli et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 May 1;18(9):2704-14. PMID: 22553375.
Phase I study of saracatinib (AZD0530) in combination with paclitaxel and/or carboplatin in patients with solid tumours.
Kaye et al. Br J Cancer. 2012 May 22;106(11):1728-34. PMID: 22531637.
Taiho’s Colon Cancer Drug Ups OS in Phase 3
TAS-102 (nonproprietary names: trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride)
Taiho’s Colon Cancer Drug Ups OS in Phase 3
Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. announced results from its global Phase 3 RECOURSE trial on its oral combination anticancer drug TAS-102 in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Read more…
FULL STORY
TAS-102 is an anti-cancer drug under development for colorectal cancer.[1]
Clinical trials
A phase II trial reported in 2011[2] and a phase III trial is due to end in 2014.[1][3]
Mechanism
TAS-102 consists of the cytotoxin trifluridine and the thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) tipiracil.[4] Trifluridine is incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis and inhibits tumor cell growth. Tipiracil protects trifluridine from being broken down when taken orally.[1]
References
- “New Drug for Colorectal Cancer Shows Promise in Phase II Trial”. 28 Aug 2012.
- “Novel Drug TAS-102 Makes Headway in Refractory Colorectal Cancer”. 4 Oct 2011.
- “Phase II study of TAS-102 for pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer”. 29 Aug 2012.
- “A novel combination antimetabolite, TAS-102, exhibits antitumor activity in FU-resistant human cancer cells through a mechanism involving FTD incorporation in DNA.”. Sep 2004.
Trifluridine
Trifluridine (also called trifluorothymidine or TFT) is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug, used primarily on the eye. It was sold under the trade name, Viroptic, by Glaxo Wellcome, now merged into GlaxoSmithKline. The brand is now owned by Monarch Pharmaceuticals, which is wholly owned by King Pharmaceuticals.
It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the -CF3 group added to the uracil component blocks base pairing.
It is a component of the experimental anti-cancer drug TAS-102.
A Cochrane Systematic Review showed that trifluridine was a more effective treatment than idoxuridine or vidarabine, significantly increasing the relative number of successfully healed eyes in 14 days.[1]
References
- Wilhelmus KR (2010). “Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12: CD002898. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002898.pub4. PMID 21154352.
External links
- Costin D, Dogaru M, Popa A, Cijevschi I (2004). “Trifluridine therapy in herpetic in keratitis”. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 108 (2): 409–12. PMID 15688823.
- Kuster P, Taravella M, Gelinas M, Stepp P (1998). “Delivery of trifluridine to human cornea and aqueous using collagen shields.”. CLAO J 24 (2): 122–4. PMID 9571274.
- O’Brien W, Taylor J (1991). “Therapeutic response of herpes simplex virus-induced corneal edema to trifluridine in combination with immunosuppressive agents.”. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32 (9): 2455–61. PMID 1907950.
- “Trifluridine Ophthalmic Solution, 1%” (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-24.
Fig 4. Open Babel bond-line chemical structure with annotated hydrogens. Click to toggle size.
Spectrum Plot
Fig 5. 1H NMR spectrum of C10H11F3N2O5 in CDCL3 at 400 MHz
Tipiralacil, also known as TPI, is a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI). Tipiracil is one of the active components in TAS-102, which is an anticancer drug candidate currently in clinical trials. TAS-102 consists of the cytotoxin Trifluridine and the thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) tipiracil. Trifluridine is incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis and inhibits tumor cell growth. Tipiracil protects trifluridine from being broken down when taken orally.
183204-72-0 (Tipiracil -HCl); 183204-74-2(Tipiracil ).
|
References |
1: Peters GJ, Bijnsdorp IV. TAS-102: more than an antimetabolite. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Dec;13(12):e518-9. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70426-6. PubMed PMID: 23182191.
2: Yoshino T, Mizunuma N, Yamazaki K, Nishina T, Komatsu Y, Baba H, Tsuji A, Yamaguchi K, Muro K, Sugimoto N, Tsuji Y, Moriwaki T, Esaki T, Hamada C, Tanase T, Ohtsu A. TAS-102 monotherapy for pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Oct;13(10):993-1001. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70345-5. Epub 2012 Aug 28. PubMed PMID: 22951287.
3: Sobrero A. TAS-102 in refractory colorectal cancer: caution is needed. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Oct;13(10):959-61. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70376-5. Epub 2012 Aug 28. PubMed PMID: 22951286.
4: Doi T, Ohtsu A, Yoshino T, Boku N, Onozawa Y, Fukutomi A, Hironaka S, Koizumi W, Sasaki T. Phase I study of TAS-102 treatment in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2012 Jul 24;107(3):429-34. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.274. Epub 2012 Jun 26. PubMed PMID: 22735906; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3405214.
5: Suzuki N, Nakagawa F, Nukatsuka M, Fukushima M. Trifluorothymidine exhibits potent antitumor activity via the induction of DNA double-strand breaks. Exp Ther Med. 2011 May;2(3):393-397. Epub 2011 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 22977515; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3440718.
6: Shintani M, Urano M, Takakuwa Y, Kuroda M, Kamoshida S. Immunohistochemical characterization of pyrimidine synthetic enzymes, thymidine kinase-1 and thymidylate synthase, in various types of cancer. Oncol Rep. 2010 May;23(5):1345-50. PubMed PMID: 20372850.
7: Temmink OH, Bijnsdorp IV, Prins HJ, Losekoot N, Adema AD, Smid K, Honeywell RJ, Ylstra B, Eijk PP, Fukushima M, Peters GJ. Trifluorothymidine resistance is associated with decreased thymidine kinase and equilibrative nucleoside transporter expression or increased secretory phospholipase A2. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Apr;9(4):1047-57. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0932. Epub 2010 Apr 6. PubMed PMID: 20371715.
8: Bijnsdorp IV, Kruyt FA, Fukushima M, Smid K, Gokoel S, Peters GJ. Molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction between trifluorothymidine and the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Cancer Sci. 2010 Feb;101(2):440-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01375.x. Epub 2009 Sep 29. PubMed PMID: 19886911.
9: Bijnsdorp IV, Peters GJ, Temmink OH, Fukushima M, Kruyt FA. Differential activation of cell death and autophagy results in an increased cytotoxic potential for trifluorothymidine compared to 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2010 May 15;126(10):2457-68. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24943. PubMed PMID: 19816940.
10: Bijnsdorp IV, Kruyt FA, Gokoel S, Fukushima M, Peters GJ. Synergistic interaction between trifluorothymidine and docetaxel is sequence dependent. Cancer Sci. 2008 Nov;99(11):2302-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00963.x. Epub 2008 Oct 18. PubMed PMID: 18957056.
11: Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Varadhachary G, Fukushima M, Kuwata K, Mita A, Wolff RA, Hoff P, Xiong H, Abbruzzese JL. Phase I clinical study of three times a day oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Oct;26(8):794-9. doi: 10.1080/07357900802087242. PubMed PMID: 18798063.
12: Overman MJ, Varadhachary G, Kopetz S, Thomas MB, Fukushima M, Kuwata K, Mita A, Wolff RA, Hoff PM, Xiong H, Abbruzzese JL. Phase 1 study of TAS-102 administered once daily on a 5-day-per-week schedule in patients with solid tumors. Invest New Drugs. 2008 Oct;26(5):445-54. doi: 10.1007/s10637-008-9142-3. Epub 2008 Jun 5. PubMed PMID: 18528634.
13: Temmink OH, Emura T, de Bruin M, Fukushima M, Peters GJ. Therapeutic potential of the dual-targeted TAS-102 formulation in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Cancer Sci. 2007 Jun;98(6):779-89. Epub 2007 Apr 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 17441963.
14: Temmink OH, Hoebe EK, van der Born K, Ackland SP, Fukushima M, Peters GJ. Mechanism of trifluorothymidine potentiation of oxaliplatin-induced cytotoxicity to colorectal cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2007 Jan 29;96(2):231-40. PubMed PMID: 17242697; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2360012.
Buparlisib in phase 3 for Breast tumor; Hematological neoplasm; Solid tumor
Buparlisib
5-[2,6-Di(4-morpholinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinamine.
5-[2,6-Di(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine
5-(2,6-Di-4-morpholinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-4- trifluoromethylpyridin-2-amine
944396-07-0
Chemical Formula: C18H21F3N6O2
Mass: 410.16781
NVP-BKM-120, BKM-120;
Novartis AG phase 3 for breast cancer
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor
Buparlisib, also known as BKM120, is an orally bioavailable specific oral inhibitor of the pan-class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family of lipid kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K inhibitor BKM120 specifically inhibits class I PIK3 in the PI3K/AKT kinase (or protein kinase B) signaling pathway in an ATP-competitive manner, thereby inhibiting the production of the secondary messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and activation of the PI3K signaling pathway. This may result in inhibition of tumor cell growth and survival in susceptible tumor cell populations. Activation of the PI3K signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis. Dysregulated PI3K signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents.
NVP-BKM-120 is an oral selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor in phase III clinical development at Novartis for the treatment of breast cancer in combination with fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer which progressed on or after aromatase inhibitor treatment.
Early clinical development at Novartis Oncology, a division of Novartis, is also ongoing for the treatment of solid tumors, advanced endometrial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bladder cancer, gastrointestinal stromal cancer and for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Novartis is conducting phase II clinical trials for the treatment of follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
The University of Kansas is evaluating the compound in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in combination with irinotecan, while additional phase I trials are ongoing at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute is also conducting phase II clinical trials for the oral treatment of recurrent glioblastoma and preclinical studies for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Novartis is also conducting early clinical studies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma
pyrimidine derivative 5-(2,6-Di- 4-morpholinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-amine (Compound A, see below), its hydrates, its salts and hydrates and solvates of its salts, to said specific solid forms thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions containing said solid forms, to processes for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions containing said solid forms, to methods of using said solid forms and to pharmaceutical compositions for the therapeutic treatment of warm-blooded animals, especially humans. Background of the invention
WO 2007/084786 (priority date: January 20, 2006) describes certain pyrimidine derivatives having PI3 inhibiting properties, their use as pharmaceuticals and manufacturing processes thereof. One pyrimidine derivative disclosed in WO 2007/084786 is the selective
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor compound 5-(2,6-Di-4-morpholinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-4- trifluoromethylpyridin-2-amine, hereinafter referred to as “Compound A” or “the compound of formula A”.
Compound A is described in WO 2007/084786 in free form and as the hydrochloric acid salt. The manufacturing process for preparing Compound A is described in Example 10 of this document. The manufacturing processes described therein are, although suitable, regarded as disadvantageous for commercial production.
Due to the high potency of pyrimidine derivatives, in particular PI3K inhibitors, there is a need for improved manufacturing methods of such compounds. In particular there is a need to provide processes that fulfill one or more of the following criteria: scalable, safer; simpler; higher yielding and more economical when compared to known.
…………………………………….
WO 2007084786
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2007084786A1?cl=en
Example 10
Preparation of 4-(“trifluoromethyπ-5-(2,6-dimorpholmoρyrirnidin-4-yπpyridin-2- amine
c
[0388] To a slurry of 2-moφholino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (prepared as in
Method 22, 2.0 g, 8.54 mmol) in NMP (14 mL), triethylamine (1.43 mL, 10.25 mmol) was added. The heterogeneous mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, then treated with morpholine (0.75 mL, 8.54 mmol). Upon refluxing at 85 0C under argon for 2 hours, the solution was cooled, then added to EtOAc (160 mL). The organic solution was washed with 25 mL of NaHCO3(sat.) (2 x), water (2 x) and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was dissolved in 200 mL EtOAc and filtered through a SiO2 pad, further eluting with EtOAc, yielding 2.2 g (93%) of 2,4-dimorpholino-6- chloropyrimidine as an off-white solid. LCMS (m/z): 285.0 (MH+), 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 5.86 (s, IH), 3.71-3.76(m, 12H), 3.52-3.56(m, 4H).
[0389] 4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(2,6-dimoφholmopyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-amine 8
[0390] Argon gas was bubbled through a heterogeneous mixture of 2,4- dimoφholino-6-chloropyrimidine (4.1 g, 14.3 mmol) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridm-2-amine (16.5 g, 57.3 mmol) in 1,2- dimethoxyethane and 2M Na2Cθ3 (3:1) for 20 minutes. 1,1′-
Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium (IT) chloride (292 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added and the high pressure glass vessel containing the mixture was sealed. The reaction mixture was then heated at 900C for 15 hours, cooled and diluted with EtOAc (300 mL). The organic solution was washed with 300 mL of a mixture of water: Na2Cθ3(sat.):NH4θH(conc.) = 5:4:1, then NH4Cl(sat), and brine (2x), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by SiO2 chromatography (50- 90% EtOAc/hexanes with 0.1% TEA) resulting in 5.62 g (95%) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-5- (2,6-dimorpholinopyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-amine as an off-white solid.
LCMS (m/z): 411.3 (MH+);
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 8.27 (s, IH), 6.78 (s, IH), 5.97 (s, IH), 4.77 (bs, 2H), 3.59-3.80(m, 12H), 3.58-3.61(m, 4H).
…………….
WO2012044727 or equi as below
http://www.google.com/patents/EP2621908A2?cl=en
Example 1: 4,4′-(6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4-diyl)di[morpholine] (3) U 2011/053808
63
Prepare a solution of 22 g (0.12 mol) of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine 1 , in 95.2 g (110 mL) of toluene and charge it to the 25 mL addition funnel. Charge a nitrogen-flushed 500 mL round bottom 4- neck flask that equipped with a condenser, heating mantle, thermocouple, 125 mL addition funnel, mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet / outlet with 62.7 g (63 mL, 0.72 mol) of morpholine 2, 95.2 g (110 mL) of toluene and 44 g (44 mL) of water. Add the toluene solution of 1 over 10 minutes. Heat the reaction mixture to 83 ± 3 °C. Stir at 83 ± 3 °C for 2 h. Check the progress of the reaction. Cool to 30 + 3 °C. Transfer the 2-phase mixture to a 1L separatory funnel.
Separate the phases. Wash the organic phase (top) twice with 200 mL (2 x 100 mL) of warm (30 °C) water. Separate the phases after each wash. Transfer the organic (top) phase back to the 500 mL reaction flask that equipped with a condenser, heating mantle, thermocouple, 125 mL addition funnel, mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet / outlet. Stir and add 50.0 mL of 10.0 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. Heat the solution to 53 ± 3 °C and stir for 12 – 18 h. Check the progress of the reaction. Cool to 22 + 3 °C. Transfer the 2-phase mixture to a 1 L separatory funnel. Separate the phases. Transfer the aqueous (bottom) phase to a 500 mL round bottom 4-neck flask equipped with a cooling bath, thermocouple, addition funnel, pH probe, mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet / outlet. Stir and cool to 0 ± 3 °C. Add 85.0 g of 25% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution by drops over 30 minutes, maintaining a batch temperature of 10 ± 10 °C throughout the addition. Warm to 20 ± 3 °C and stir for 30 minutes. Isolate the solids by vacuum filtration. Wash the cake with 3 x 100 mL of water. Dry the solids (55°C, 30 mbar) for 24 hours to afford 30.9 g (91.9% yield) of 3 as a white crystalline solid.
Example 2:
4,4′-[6-(4>4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diyl]di[morpholine] (4)
Charge a nitrogen-flushed 2 L round bottom 4-neck flask that equipped with a condenser, heating mantle, thermocouple, rubber septum, mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet / outlet with 100.0 g (0.351 mol) of 4,4′-(6-chloropyrimidine -2,4-diyl)di[morpholine] 3 and 943 g (1200 mL) of acetonitrile. Stir and heat to 60 + 3 °C. Hold this solution at 60 + 3 °C for charge to batch. Charge a nitrogen-flushed 3 L reactor that equipped with an overhead stirrer, condenser, nitrogen inlet/outlet and rubber septum with 115.9 g (0.457 mol) of bis(pinacolato)- diboron, 51.7 g (0.527 mol) of potassium acetate, 12.9 g (0.014 mol) of tris(dibenzylideneacetone) – dipalladium(O), 7.9 g (0.029 mol) of tricyclohexylphosphine and 393 g (500 mL) of acetonitrile. Stir and heat the slurry to 84 ± 3 °C (reflux). Collect 00 mL of distillate. Transfer the warm 3 acetonitrile solution via peristaltic pump to the 3 L reactor containing the reaction mixture over 30 minutes and continue collecting distillate. Wash the 2 L flask and transfer lines with 79 g (100 mL) of acetonitrile and transfer the wash to the batch. Maintain distillation at 84 ± 3 °C and collect an additional 900 mL of distillate (batch volume ~ 1100 mL). Check the progress of the reaction 2 h from the start of the addition of 3. Cool the reaction mixture to 70 ± 3 °C and charge 693 g (800 mL) of toluene over 1-2 min. The batch will cool upon the addition of the toluene. Further cool the reaction mixture to 50 ± 3 °C. Charge to a clean 1 L flask, 347 g (400 mL) of toluene and warm it to 50 °C. This will be used as the cake wash. Filter the reaction mixture through a 15 g pad of Celite 545. Wash the filter cake with the warm (50 °C) toluene (400 mL) and collect this wash separately from the batch. This wash will be charged to the distillation residue later in the process. Transfer the filtrate back to the 3 L reactor. Concentrate the batch (25 °C to 40 °C internal temperature, 50 mbar) until a batch volume of 250 mL is reached.
Charge toluene cake wash held in reserve (~400 mL) and continue to concentrate the batch (37 °C to 43 °C internal temperature, 50 mbar) until a batch volume of 250 mL is reached. Check for complete removal of acetonitrile using the described Process Steering Control. Warm to 50 °C and stir for 15 min. Add 164 g (240 mL) of heptane over 30 minutes maintaining 50 °C throughout the addition. Stir the resulting suspension for 1 h. Cool the slurry to 23 ± 3 °C over 1 h and hold at this temperature for at least 1 h. Blanket the filtering funnel used for isolation of the product with nitrogen (to avoid moisture) and quickly filter the solids. Wash the filter cake twice with a mixture of 22 g (25 mL) of toluene and 51 g (75 mL) of heptane. Dry the solids at 50 °C, 35 mbar for 16 h to afford 4.4 g (72.7% corrected yield) of 4 as a sandy, beige solid. Example 3: 5-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (4a)
4b 4a
Charge a nitrogen-flushed 3 L reactor that equipped with an overhead stirrer, condenser, nitrogen inlet/outlet and rubber septum with 112.14 g (0.63 mol) of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and 645 g (725 mL) of tetrahydrofuran. Stir and cool the slurry to -5 ± 3 °C. Charge a nitrogen- flushed 1 L round bottom 4-neck flask that equipped with a thermocouple, mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet / outlet with 97.26 g (0.6 mol) of 2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 4b and 511 g (575 mL) of tetrahydrofuran. Stir to dissolve the 4b. Transfer the 4b solution to the addition funnel on the reactor and add the solution to the NBS slurry over 2 h maintaining an internal temperature of 0 ± 3 °C throughout the addition. Rinse the 1 L flask and addition funnel with 44 g (50 mL) of tetrahydrofuran and add the wash to the reaction mixture. Warm the solution to 20 + 3 °C over 30 minutes. Check for completeness of the reaction. Quench by charging a solution of 24.6 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate dissolved in 475 mL of water over 10 minutes, maintaining a batch temperature of 20 ± 3 °C throughout the addition. Stir for 1 h after the quench. Concentrate (internal temp = 25 °C, 50 mbar) to remove tetrahydrofuran. Add 379 g (500 mL) of fert-butyl methyl ether. Stir and warm the resulting solution/suspension to 30 ± 3 °C and stir for 15 minutes. Separate the phases. Wash the extract four times with a solution of 32 g of sodium chloride dissolved in 768 g (768 mL) of water (4 x 200 mL per wash), separating the phases after each wash. Finally, wash the extract with 150 g (150 mL) of water. Separate the phases. Charge 152 g (200 mL) of terf-butyl methyl ether. Partially concentrate (57 ± 3 °C) to a volume of 350 mL. Cool to 50 °C and add 265 g (350 mL) of ferf-butyl methyl ether. Resume the concentration (57 ± 3 °C) until a batch volume of 350 mL is reached. Cool to 50 °C and add 265 g (350 mL) of fe/f-butyl methyl ether. Again, resume the concentration (57 ± 3 °C) until a batch volume of 350 mL is reached. Cool to 50 °C and add 103 g (150 mL) of terf-butyl methyl ether to raise the batch volume to 500 mL. Charge 1026 g (1500 mL) of heptane over 15 minutes maintaining 45 ± 3 °C throughout the addition. Slowly increase the vacuum and concentrate (internal temp = 40 °C to 50 °C) to a batch volume of 1000 mL. Release the vacuum and seed the batch. Resume the distillation, further increase the vacuum (slowly) and concentrate (internal temp = 25 °C to 40 °C) to a batch volume of 500 mL. Stir the resulting suspension at 0 °C for 30 min. Filter the solids. Wash the filter cake with 68 g (100 mL) of cold (0 °C) heptane (containing 30 ppm Octastat). Dry the solids (40 °C, 50 mbar) for 16 h to afford 109.8 g (78.0% yield) 4a as an orange solid.
Example 4: 5-(2,6-Di-4-morpholinyl^^yrimidinyl)-^trifluoromethylpyridin-2-ami^ (5)
Charge a 500 mL round bottom 3-neck flask that equipped with a thermocouple, mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet/outlet and cooling bath with 202.8 g (0.622 mol) of cesium carbonate and 260 g (260 mL) of water. Stir and cool the resulting solution to 22 ± 3 °C. Transfer the solution to the addition funnel. Charge a nitrogen-flushed 3 L reactor that equipped with an overhead stirrer, condenser, pH probe, nitrogen inlet/outlet and 500 mL addition funnel with 50.0 g (0.207 mol) of 5-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-amine 4a, 190.9 g (0.456 mol) of 4,4′-[6-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1 ,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-diyl]di[morpholine] 4, 6.75 g (0.0103 mol) of 1,1′-bis(di-ferf-butylphosphino) ferrocene palladium dichloride and 556 g (625 mL) of thf. Stir the slurry at 22 ± 3 °C. Add the aqueous cesium carbonate solution via the addition funnel to the slurry over 1 – 2 min. Stir rapidly (to ensure good mixing), heat to 45 ± 3 °C over 15 min and hold at this temperature for at least 30 minutes. Check for completeness of the reaction. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C. Separate the phases. Partially concentrate the THF (25 °C, 90 mbar) to a volume of 400 mL. Add 654 g (750 mL) of isopropyl acetate, resume the vacuum distillation and concentrate to a volume of 400 mL. Add 610 g (700 mL) of isopropyl acetate, stir and filter the hazy solution through a 25 g pad of Celite. Wash the reactor and filter cake with 87 g (100 mL) of isopropyl acetate and add the wash to the batch. Add 1 L of 0. 25N aqueous N-acetyl-L- cysteine solution and stir at 60 ± 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C and drain the aqueous wash. Add 1 L of 0.25N aqueous N-acetyl-L-cysteine pH = 7 solution and stir at 60 ± 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C and drain the aqueous wash. Again, add 1 L of 0.25N aqueous N-acetyl-L-cysteine pH = 7 solution and stir at 60 ± 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C and drain the aqueous wash. Charge 34.5 g of Si-Thiol functionalized silica gel and stir the suspension at 60 ± 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C and filter to remove the silica gel. Add 1 L of 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and stir for 15 minutes. Separate the phases and retain the aqueous phase which now contains product. Extract the organic phase again by adding 500 mL of 1N aqueous HCI solution and stirring for 15 minutes. Separate the phases and combine the aqueous extracts. Adjust the pH to 2.3 ± 0.2 by the addition of ~280 mL of 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Charge 17.2 g of Si-Thiol functionalized silica gel and stir the suspension at 50 ± 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C and filter to remove the silica gel. Adjust the pH to 5.0 ± 0.2 by the slow addition of ~75 mL of 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution maintaining a batch temperature of 15 ± 3 °C. Stir the slurry for at least 16 h at 22 ± 3 °C to allow the product to completely solidify. Filter the solids and wash the filter cake once with 250 g (250 mL) of water. Dry the solids (50 °C, 35 mbar) for 16 h to obtain 75 g (89% yield) of 5 as a tan solid. Following this procedure, Compound 5 is the hemihydrate polymorph form HA of the Compound of Formula A.
Alternative procedure:
Charge a 500 mL round bottom 3-neck flask that equipped with a thermocouple, mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet/outlet and cooling bath with 202.8 g (0.622 mol) of cesium carbonate and 260 g (260 mL) of water. Stir and cool the resulting solution to 22 ± 3 °C. Transfer the solution to the addition funnel. Charge a nitrogen-flushed 3 L reactor that equipped with an overhead stirrer, condenser, pH probe, nitrogen inlet/outlet and 500 mL addition funnel with 50.0 g (0.207 mol) of 5-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-amine 4a, 90.9 g (0.456 mol) of
4,4′[6(4,4,5,5tetramethyl1 ,3,2 dioxaborolan2yl)pyrimidine2,4diyl]di[morpholine] 4, 6.75 g (0.0103 mol) of 1 ,1′-bis(di-fert-butylphosphino) ferrocene palladium dichloride and 556 g (625 mL) of tetrahydrofuran. Stir the slurry at 22 ± 3 °C. Add the aqueous cesium carbonate solution via the addition funnel to the slurry over 1-2 min. Stir rapidly (to ensure good mixing), heat to 45 ± 3 °C over 15 min and hold at this temperature for at least 30 minutes. Check for completeness of the reaction . Cool to 22 + 3 °C. Separate the phases. Partially concentrate the THF (25 C, 90 mbar) to a volume of 400 mL. Add 654 g (750 mL) of isopropyl acetate, resume the vacuum distillation and concentrate to a volume of 400 mL. Add 610 g (700 mL) of isopropyl acetate, stir and filter the hazy solution through a 25 g pad of Celite. Wash the reactor and filter cake with 87 g (100 mL) of isopropyl acetate and add the wash to the batch. Add 1 L of 0.125N aqueous N- acetyl-L-cysteine solution and stir at 60 ± 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 + 3 °C C and drain the aqueous wash. Add 1 L of 0.25N aqueous N-acetyl-L-cysteine pH = 7 solution and stir at 60 + 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 + 3 °C and drain the aqueous wash. Again, add 1 L of 0.25N aqueous N- acetyl-L-cysteine pH = 7 solution and stir at 60 + 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C and drain the aqueous wash. Charge 34.5 g of Si-Thiol functionalized silica gel and stir the suspension at 60 + 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C and filter to remove the silica gel. Add 1 L of N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and stir for 15 minutes. Separate the phases and retain the aqueous phase which now contains product. Extract the organic phase again by adding 500 mL of 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and stirring for 15 minutes. Separate the phases and combine the aqueous extracts. Adjust the pH to 2.3 + 0.2 by the addition of ~280 mL of 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Charge 17.2 g of Si-Thiol functionalized silica gel and stir the suspension at 50 ± 3 °C for 1 h. Cool to 22 ± 3 °C and filter to remove the silica gel. Adjust the pH to 5.0 ± 0.2 by the slow addition of ~75 mL of 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution maintaining a batch temperature of 15 ± 3 °C. Stir the slurry for at least 16 h at 22 ± 3 °C to allow the product to completely solidify. Filter the solids and wash the filter cake once with 250 g (250 mL) of water. Dry the solids (50 °C, 35 mbar) for 16 h to obtain 75 g (89% yield) of 5 as a tan solid. Following this procedure, Compound 5 is the hemihydrate polymorph form HA of the Compound of Formula A.
…………..
Improved process for manufacturing 5-(2,6-di-4-morpholinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-amine
Improved process for the preparation of buparlisib, an oral PI3K inhibitor Novartis is developing for the treatment of solid tumors, including breast cancer and hematological tumors. In January 2014, a phase III development was ongoing and Novartis expected to file for regulatory approval for breast cancer in 2015. Buparlisib was originally claimed in WO2007084786, protection for which expires in both the US and Europe in January 2027. Also see WO2012044727 for a more recent process case.
Burger, M.T.; Pecchi, S.; Wagman, A.; et al.
Discovery of BKM120, a pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor in phase I/II clinical trials
240th ACS Natl Meet (August 22-26, Boston) 2010, Abst MEDI 489
Vu, A.T.; Morris, J.; Malhotra, S.V.
Efficient and improved synthesis of a PI3K inhibitor anticancer agent
241st ACS Natl Meet (March 27-30, Anaheim) 2011, Abst ORGN 115
Tafenoquine…..GSK Launches Phase 3 Malaria Drug Trials
Tafenoquine
N-[2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl]pentane-1,4-diamine
Medicines for Malaria Venture
Walter Reed Army Institute (Originator)
April 28, 2014
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) announced the start of a Phase 3 global program to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tafenoquine, an investigational medicine which is being developed for the treatment and relapse prevention (radical cure) of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria.
P. vivax malaria, a form of the disease caused by one of several species of Plasmodium parasites known to infect humans, occurs primarily in South and South East Asia, Latin America and the horn of Africa. Severe anemia, malnutrition and respiratory distress are among the most serious consequences described to be caused by the infection.
The Phase 3 program includes two randomized, double-blind treatment studies to investigate tafenoquine in adult patients with P. vivax malaria. The DETECTIVE study (TAF112582) aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of tafenoquine as a radical cure for P. vivax malaria, co-administered with chloroquine, a blood stage anti-malarial treatment. The GATHER study (TAF116564) aims to assess the incidence of hemolysis and safety and efficacy of tafenoquine compared to primaquine, the only approved treatment currently available for the radical cure of P. vivax malaria.
Tafenoquine is not yet approved or licensed for use anywhere in the world.
“P. vivax malaria can affect people of all ages and is particularly insidious because it has the potential to remain dormant within the body in excess of a year, and causes some patients to experience repeated episodes of illness after the first mosquito bite,” said Nicholas Cammack, head, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Center for Diseases of the Developing World. “Our investigation of tafenoquine for the treatment of P. vivax malaria is part of GSK’s efforts to tackle the global burden of malaria. Working with our partners, including MMV, we are determined to stop malaria in all its forms.”
“One of the big challenges we face in tackling malaria is to have new medicines to prevent relapse, caused by dormant forms of P. vivax,” said Dr. Timothy Wells, MMV’s chief scientific officer. “The Phase 3 program is designed to build upon the promising results of the Phase 2b study which showed that treatment with tafenoquine prevented relapses. If successful, tafenoquine has the potential to become a major contributor to malaria elimination. It’s a great privilege to be working with GSK on this project; they have a clear commitment to changing the face of public health in the countries in which we are working.”
Tafenoquine succinate, Etaquine, SB-252263, WR-238605
in phase 2
Medicines for Malaria Venture
Walter Reed Army Institute (Originator)
Tafenoquine is an 8-aminoquinoline drug manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline that is being investigated as a potential treatment for malaria, as well as for malaria prevention.[1][2]
The proposed indication for tafenoquine is for treatment of the hypnozoite stages of Plasmodium vivax (and also Plasmodium ovale) that are responsible for relapse of these malaria species even when the blood stages are successfully cleared. This is only now achieved by administration of daily primaquine for 14 days. The main advantage of tafenoquine is that it has a long half-life (2–3 weeks) and therefore a single treatment may be sufficient to clear hypnozoites. The shorter regimen has been described as an advantage.[3]
Like primaquine, tafenoquine causes haemolysis in people with G-6-P deficiency.[1] Indeed the long half-life of tafenoquine suggests that particular care should be taken to ensure that individuals with severe deficiency do not receive the drug.
The dose of tafenoquine has not been firmly established, but for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria, a dose of 800 mg over three days has been used.[4]
Synonyms
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US 4431807
Nitration of 1,2-dimethoxybenzene (XXIX) with HNO3/AcOH gives 4,5-dimethoxy-1,2-dinitrobenzene (XXX), which is treated with ammonia in hot methanol to yield 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitroaniline (XXXI). Cyclization of compound (XXXI) with buten-2-one (XXXII) by means of H3PO4 and H3AsO4 affords 5,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-8-nitroquinoline (XXXIII), which is selectively mono-demethylated by means of HCl in ethanol to provide 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-methyl-8-nitroquinoline (XXXIV). Reaction of quinoline (XXXIV) with POCl3 gives the corresponding 5-chloro derivative (XXXV), which is condensed with 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (IV) by means of KOH to yield the diaryl ether (XXXVI). Finally, the nitro group of (XXXVI) is reduced by means of H2 over PtO2 in THF or H2 over Raney nickel.
Nitration of 2-fluoroanisole (XXXVII) with HNO3/Ac2O gives 3-fluoro-4-methoxynitrobenzene (XXXVIII), which is reduced to the corresponding aniline (XXXIX) with SnCl2/HCl. Reaction of compound (XXXIX) with Ac2O yields the acetanilide (XL), which is nitrated with HNO3 to afford 5-fluoro-4-methoxy-2-nitroacetanilide (XLI). Hydrolysis of (XLI) with NaOH provides 5-fluoro-4-methoxy-2-nitroaniline (XLII), which is cyclized with buten-2-one (XXXII) by means of As2O5 and H3PO4 to furnish 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-4-methyl-8-nitroquinoline (XLIII). Condensation of quinoline (XLIII) with 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (IV) by means of K2CO3 gives the diaryl ether (XXXIV), which is finally reduced by means of H2 over PtO2 in THF.
………………..
US 4617394
Reaction of 8-amino-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinoline (XIV) with phthalic anhydride (XV) affords the phthalimido derivative (XVI), which is oxidized with MCPBA to yield the quinoline N-oxide (XVII). Treatment of compound (XVII) with neutral alumina gives the quinolone derivative (XVIII), which by reaction with POCl3 in refluxing CHCl3 provides the 2-chloroquinoline derivative (XIX). Alternatively, reaction of the quinoline N-oxide (XVII) with POCl3 as before also gives the 2-chloroquinoline derivative (XIX) The removal of the phthalimido group of compound (XIX) by means of hydrazine in refluxing ethanol gives the chlorinated aminoquinoline (XX), which is finally treated with MeONa in hot DMF.
……………….
US 6479660; WO 9713753
Chlorination of 6-methoxy-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (I) with SO2Cl2 in hot acetic acid gives the 5-chloro derivative (II), which is nitrated with HNO3 in H2SO4 to yield the 8-nitroquinolinone (III). Condensation of compound (III) with 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (IV) by means of KOH in NMP provides the diaryl ether (V), which is treated with refluxing POCl3 to afford the 2-chloroquinoline (VI). Reaction of compound (VI) with MeONa in refluxing methanol results in the 2,6-dimethoxyquinoline derivative (VII), which is reduced with hydrazine over Pd/C to give the 8-aminoquinoline derivative (VIII). Condensation of aminoquinoline (VIII) with N-(4-iodopentyl)phthalimide (IX) by means of diisopropylamine in hot NMP yields the phthalimido precursor (X), which is finally cleaved with hydrazine in refluxing ethanol.
Reaction of 1,4-dibromopentane (XI) with potassium phthalimide (XII) gives N-(4-bromopentyl)phthalimide (XIII), which is then treated with NaI in refluxing acetone.
Reaction of 4-methoxyaniline (XXI) with ethyl acetoacetate (XXII) by means of triethanolamine in refluxing xylene gives the acetoacetanilide (XXIII), which is cyclized by means of hot triethanolamine and H2SO4 to yield 6-methoxy-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (I), which is treated with refluxing POCl3 to provide 2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline (XXIV). Reaction of compound (XXIV) with SO2Cl2 in hot AcOH affords 2,5-dichloro-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline (XXV), which is treated with MeONa in refluxing methanol to furnish 5-chloro-2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylquinoline (XXVI). Alternatively, the reaction of compound (XXIV) with MeONa as before gives 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylquinoline (XXVII), which is treated with SO2Cl2 in hot AcOH to give the already described 5-chloro-2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylquinoline (XXVI). Nitration of compound (XXVI) with KNO3 and P2O5 gives the 8-nitroquinoline derivative (XXVIII), which is condensed with 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (IV) by means of KOH in hot NMP to yield the diaryl ether (VII). Finally, the nitro group of compound (VII) is reduced with hydrazine over Pd/C.
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J Med Chem 1989,32(8),1728-32
Synthesis of the intermediate diazepinone (IV) is accomplished by a one-pot synthesis. Condensation of 2-chloro-3-aminopyridine (I) with the anthranilic ester (II) is effected in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide as a catalyst. The resulting anthranilic amide (III) is cyclized under the influence of catalytic amounts of sulfuric acid. Treatment of (IV) with chloroacetylchloride in toluene yields the corresponding choroacetamide (V). The side chain of AQ-RA 741 is prepared starting from 4-picoline, which is alkylated by reaction with 3-(diethylamino)propylchloride in the presence of n-butyllithium. Hydrogenation of (VIII) using platinum dioxide as a catalyst furnishes the diamine (IX), which is coupled with (V) in the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium iodide in acetone leading to AQ-RA 741 as its free base.
- Shanks GD, Oloo AJ, Aleman GM et al. (2001). “A New Primaquine Analogue, Tafenoquine (WR 238605), for prophylaxis against Plasmodium falciparum malaria”. Clin Infect Dis 33 (12): 1968–74. doi:10.1086/324081. JSTOR 4482936.PMID 11700577.
- Lell B, Faucher JF, Missinou MA et al. (2000). “Malaria chemoprophylaxis with tafenoquine: a randomised study”.Lancet 355 (9220): 2041–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02352-7. PMID 10885356.
- Elmes NJ, Nasveld PE, Kitchener SJ, Kocisko DA, Edstein MD (November 2008). “The efficacy and tolerability of three different regimens of tafenoquine versus primaquine for post-exposure prophylaxis of Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Southwest Pacific”. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 102 (11): 1095–101.doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.024. PMID 18541280.
- Nasvelda P, Kitchener S. (2005). “Treatment of acute vivax malaria with tafenoquine”. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 (1): 2–5. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.01.013. PMID 15550254.
- Peters W (1999). “The evolution of tafenoquine–antimalarial for a new millennium?”. J R Soc Med 92 (7): 345–352.PMID 10615272.
- J Med Chem 1982,25(9),1094
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Methods and compositions for treating diseases associated with pathogenic proteins
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Process for the preparation of quinoline derivatives
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PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ANTI-MALARIAL DRUGS
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MULTIDENTATE METAL COMPLEXES AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THEREOF
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4-methyl-5-(unsubstituted and substituted phenoxy)-2,6-dimethoxy-8-(aminoalkylamino) quinolines
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Binimetinib in phase 3 for for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable cutaneous melanoma with NRAS mutations and in combination with LGX-818 in adult patients with BRAF V600
Binimetinib
Array BioPharma Inc;PHASE 3 Cancer, ovary (serous)
Novartis PHASE 3 Melanoma
AGARRY-162
ARRY-438162
MEK-162
MEK-1 protein kinase inhibitor; MEK-2 protein kinase inhibitor
Liver injury; Melanoma; Noonan syndrome; Ovary tumor; Solid tumor
Growth factor-mediated proliferative signals are transmitted from the extracellular environment to the nucleus through several pathways, including the RAS/RAF/ MEK pathway. The RAS/RAF/MEK kinase signal transduction pathway is activated through initial extracellular binding and stimulation of tyrosine receptor kinases (RTKs) by their respective cognate ligands. Upon autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the cytosolic domain of RTKs, the Grb2-Sos complex translocates to the plasma membrane, and converts the inactive RAS’GDP to active RAS’GTP. The interaction between the Grb2 docking protein and the activated kinases or the phosphorylated receptor associated proteins is mediated by the Src Homology (SH2) domain of the signaling protein that recognizes specific phosphotyrosine sequences. RAS undergoes a conformational change upon guanosine 5 ‘-triphosphate (GTP) binding and causes the recruitment of RAF- 1 to the cytoplasmic membrane where it is phosphorylated by several kinases and simultaneous disphosphorylated at key residues by protein phosphatase-2B. Activated RAF phosphorylates the mitogen- activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) on two serine residues in the activation loop, which results in the activation of this protein kinase. MEK then phosphorylates and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), allowing its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates transcriptional factors permitting the expression of a variety of genes.
The RAS/RAF/MEK signal transduction pathway is deregulated, often through mutations that result in ectopic protein activation, in roughly 1/3 of human cancers. This deregulation in turn results in a wide array of cellular changes that are integral to the etiology and maintenance of a cancerous phenotype including, but not limited to, the promotion of proliferation and evasion of apoptosis (Dhillon et al., Oncogene, 2007, 26: 3279-3290).
Accordingly, the development of small molecule inhibitors of key members of the RAS/ RAF/ MEK signal transduction pathway has been the subject of intense effort within the pharmaceutical industry and oncology community.
MEK is a major protein in the RAS/ RAF/ MEK pathway, which signals toward cell proliferation and survival, and frequently activated in tumors that have mutations in the RAS or RAF oncogenes or in growth receptor tyrosine kinases. MEK is a key player in the RAS/RAF/MEK pathway as it is downstream of RAS and RAF. Despite being only rarely mutated in cancer (Murugan et al., Cell Cycle, 2009, 8: 2122-2124; Sasaki et al., J. Thorac. Oncol., 2010, 5: 597-600), inhibitors of the MEK1 and MEK2 proteins have also been targeted for small molecule inhibition owing to their central position within the RAS/ RAF/ MEK signal transduction pathway signaling cascade (Fremin and Meloche, J. Hematol.
Oncol., 2010, 3:8). Recently a potent MEK inhibitor failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Haura et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 2010, 16: 2450-2457). The reason for failure in this trial is not clear.
6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (hereinafter, “Compound A”) is a benzimidazole compound that is a known potent and selective inhibitor of the MEK1 and MEK2 proteins, and useful in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, particularly cancer, in mammals. For example, in a recently published Phase I study of 28 patients suffering from unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic biliary cancer and who had received < 1 prior systemic therapy, oral Compound A treatment (60 mg twice daily) resulted in 1 complete regression, 1 partial regression and 11 stable disease diagnoses after at least 6 weeks of treatment (Finn et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 2012 (Supplement 4, 2012 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, Abstract No. 220). Compound A has also been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of patients with either BRAFV600 or NRAS-mutant melanoma (Ascierto et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 30, 2012 (Supplement, 2012 ASCO Annual Meeting, Abstract No. 8511).
The compound, as well as a process for its preparation, is disclosed in PCT Pub. No. WO 03/077914
MEK-162, a potent, orally active MEK1/2 inhibitor, is in phase III clinical trials at Array BioPharma and licensee Novartis for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable cutaneous melanoma with NRAS mutations and in combination with LGX-818 in adult patients with BRAF V600. Phase III studies are also under way at Array BioPharma for the treatment of low grade serous carcinomas of the ovary, fallopian tube or primary peritoneum following at least one prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimen and no more than three lines of prior chemotherapy regimens. Novartis and Array BioPharma are also conducting phase II clinical studies for the treatment of locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic malignant cutaneous melanoma, harboring BRAFV600E mutations; in BRAF mutated melanoma in combination with AMG-479 and for the treatment of Noonan’s syndrome, and in non-small cell lung cancer harboring KRAS or EGFR mutation and in combination with erlotinib. MEK-162 is being evaluated in phase I/II as first line treatment of advanced biliary tract carcinoma and for the treatment of adult patients with mutant or wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer. The product is in early clinical trials at Array Biopharma for the treatment of biliary cancer.
According to Array, MEK-162 may also provide broad therapeutic benefits in the treatment of chronic degenerative diseases. However, a phase II trial for the treatment of stable rheumatoid arthritis (RA) did not meet its primary endpoint. Based on these data, the company focused development of MEK-162 solely in oncology.
In 2010, MEK-162 was licensed to Novartis by Array BioPharma for worldwide development. In 2013, orphan drug designation was assigned in Japan for the treatment of malignant melanoma with NRAS or BRAF V600 mutation.
WO-2014063024 DEALS WITH Preparation, crystalline forms, and formulations comprising binimetinib. Binimetinib is a MEK-1/2 inhibitor originally claimed in WO03077914, which Array and Novartis are developing for the treatment of cancer, including melanoma, low-grade serous ovarian cancer, and other solid tumors, as well as Noonan syndrome hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hepatic impairment. See also WO2014018725 for the most recent filing on the agent
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WO 03/077914
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2003077914A1?cl=en
Schemes 1-4.
Scheme 1
Scheme la
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
17 18
Scheme 4
25
Scheme 5
General synthetic methods which may be referred to for preparing some of the compounds of the present invention are provided in PCT published application number WO 00/42022 (published July 20, 2000). The foregoing patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
similar ie chloro instead of fluoro
Example 52
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide (lOcc) Step A: 3-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 2a
3-Chloro-2,4-difluoro-benzoic acid la (3.00 g, 15.6 mmol) is added to a stirred solution of concentrated H2SO4 (16 mL) and fuming nitric acid (0.85 mL, 20.3 mmol). After 3 hours a precipitate forms. The yellow slurry is poured onto ice water (100 mL). The aqueous mixture is extracted with diethyl ether (3x). The organic extracts are dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3.50 g (95%) of clean desired product as a pale yellow solid.
Step B: 4-Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3a
Ammonium hydroxide solution (6.88 g, -30% in water, 58.9 mmol) is added to a solution of 3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 2a (3.5 g, 14.7 mmol) in water (16 mL) at 0 °C with stirring. Upon completion of the ammonium hydroxide addition the reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature. After 5 hours the reaction mixture is cooled to 0 °C and concentrated HCl is carefully added until the pH of the reaction mixture is near zero. The solid is collected by filtration and washed with water and diethyl ether. The solids are transferred to a round bottom flask as a solution in MeOH and EtOAc and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.96 g of a yellow solid. The filtrate is partitioned between diethyl ether and water and the organic layer is washed with brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na2SO ) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 0.65 g of product. Recovered a total of 3.61 g (104%) of pure desired product, that is carried forward without further purification.
Step C: 4~Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 4a
To a stirred solution of 4-amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3a (3.61 g, 15.4 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and MeOH (10 mL), TMS diazomethane (9.23 mL, 2.0 M solution in hexanes, 18.5 mmol) is added. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture is concentrated via rotary evaporation with acetic acid in the trap. The recovered oily solid is triturated with diethyl ether to provide 1.51 g of a yellow solid. The filtrate is concentrated and triturated with diethyl ether to give an additional 0.69 g of yellow solid. A total of 2.20 g (57%) of pure desired product is recovered.
Step D: 4-Amino-3-chloro-5-nitro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 5c
4-Amino-3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 4a (2.20 g, 8.84 mmol) is suspended in MeOH (9.4 mL) and aniline (3.22 mL, 35.4 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated to reflux with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 19 hours, the reaction is complete. Distilled water (3.22 mL) is added to the reaction mixture and refluxing is continued for one hour. The reaction mixture is cooled to 0 °C in an ice bath for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture is filtered and washed with 3:10 distilled water/MeOH (65 mL total) and then with MeOH. The solid is dissolved with CH2C12 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.40 g (84%) of pure desired product. MS APCI (-) m/z 320.3 (M-l) detected.
Step E: 4, 5-Diamino-3-chloro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 6b
4-Amino-3-chloro-5-nitro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 5c (0.50 g, 1.55 mmol) is dissolved into 2:1 EtOH/MeOH (15.5 mL). Saturated aqueous NH4C1 (15 mL), Zn powder (1.02 g, 15.6 mmol), and THF (10 mL) are added. After stirring for 20 hours, the reaction mixture is diluted with CH C12/THF and water. The organic layer is washed with water (3x). The combined organic extracts are dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solids are triturated with ether to give 0.32 g (70%) clean desired product. Step F: 7-Chloro-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7c
4,5-Diamino-3-chloro-2-phenylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester 6b (0.32 g, 1.09 mmol) and formamidine acetate (72 mg, 1.64 mmol) in EtOH (36 mL) are heated, with stirring, to 80 °C. After 44 hours, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc and washed with water (3x), saturated NaHCO3, and brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 0.33 g (99%) clean desired product as a solid. MS APCI (+) m/z 302.3 (M+l) detected.
Step G: 6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8g
7-Chloro-6-phenylamino-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7c (0.327 g, 1.08 mmol) is dissolved into DMF (16 mL) and NBS (0.193 g, 1.08 mmol) is added. After one hour, the reaction mixture is quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHSO3. The reaction mixture is then partitioned between EtOAc/THF and water. The organic layer is washed with water and brine. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na2SO ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The recovered solid is triturated with ether to give 0.225 g (54%) pure desired product. MS ESI (+) m/z 382, 384 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step H: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)- 7 -chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5 -carboxylic acid methyl ester lOdd 6-(4-Bromo-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8g (0.225 g, 0.591 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and NCS (79 mg, 0.591 mmol) is added. After the NCS is in solution concentrated HCl (0.005 mL, 0.059 mmol) is added. After 2 hours, sodium bicarbonate, water and NaHSO3 are added to the reaction mixture. Solids are filtered and washed with water and ether to give 0.141 g (57%) of clean desired product as a tan solid. MS APCI (-) m/z 414, 416 (M-, Br pattern) detected.
Step I: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester lOee
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester lOdd (0.141 g, 0.34 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.141 g, 1.02 mmol), and iodomethane (0.063 mL, 1.02 mmol) are dissolved in dimethylformamide (3 mL). After 20 hours, the reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc and washed with water (3x), potassium carbonate, and brine. The organic layer is dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated to a brown oil. The N3 and Nl alkylated regioisomers are separated by flash chromatography (EtOAc). The recovery of the N3 alkylated regioisomer is 20.4 mg (28%). MS ESI (+) m/z 428, 430 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step J: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid 10 ff
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester lOee (21 mg, 0.048 mmol) is dissolved into 2:1 THF/water (1.2 mL) and NaOH (0.190 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.190 mmol) is added. After stirring for 4 hours the reaction is diluted with water and acidified to pH 2 by addition of 1.0 M HCl. The mixture is then extracted with 3:1 EtOAc/THF (3x), dried (Na2SO ) and concentrated to give quantitative yield of desired prodcut as a white solid. MS APCI (+) m/z 414, 416 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step K: 6-(4-Bromo-2’chloro-phenylamino)- 7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy) -amide lOgg
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid lOff (32 mg, 0.077 mmol), O-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-hydroxylamine (0.010 mL, 0.092 mmol), HOBt (13 mg, 0.093 mmol), triethylamine (0.011 mL, 0.077 mmol), and EDCI (19 mg, 0.10 mmol) are dissolved into dimethylformamide (1.0 mL) and allowed to stir under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc, washed with water (3x), 10% potassium carbonate (2x), saturated ammonium chloride, brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 39 mg of 85% pure material. MS APCI (-) m/z 497, 501 (M-, Br pattern) detected.
Step L: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide lOcc
Hydrochloric acid (0.78 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.78 mmol) is added to a suspension of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-chloro-3-methyl-3H- benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid lOgg (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide (39 mg, 0.078 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL). After one hour, the reaction mixture is neutralized to pH 7 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solids are dissolved in EtOAc, washed with brine, dried (Na SO4), and concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography (20:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH) provides 9 mg (23%) of pure product: MS APCI (+) m/z 473, 475 (M+, Br pattern) detected; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.30 (s, IH), 8.08 (s, IH), 7.57
(d, IH), 7.15 (dd, IH), 6.21 (d, IH), 3.97 (s, 3H) 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.57 (m, 2H).
actual is below
Example 18
The following compounds are prepared by methods similar to those described in
Example 10 by using methyl ester 8d and the appropriate alkylating agent (Step A) and
the appropriate hydroxylamine (Step C):
/////////////////////
COMPD A
Example 1. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-
Compound 1 Compound 3
In an inertized (N2) reaction vessel at internal temperature 20°C and under exclusion of humidity and air, Compound 1 (1.0 eq.) and Compound 2 (1.2 eq.) are reacted in the presence of cesium carbonate (2.4 eq.), tris(dibenzylidenaceton) dipalladium(O) (0.035 eq.) and Xantphos (0.07 eq.) in a mixture of toluene and 1 ,4-dioxane at internal temperature of 99°C. After 8 hours, the mixture is cooled to internal temperature of 60°C.
Subsequently, dimethylformamide (DMF), filter aid (CEFOK) and activated charcoal (EKNS) are added, and the mixture is stirred and cooled to internal temperature of 35 °C. The solids are filtered off and washed with a mixture of dimethylformamide and toluene. To the filtrate, which contains the product Compound 3, is introduced at internal temperature of
25 °C hydrogen chloride gas (CLC) whereupon the HQ salt of Compound 3 crystallizes. The palladium residue mainly remains in solution. After warming to 60 °C and cooling to 0°C, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with a mixture of toluene and dimethylformamide.
The damp Compound 3 HC1 salt is charged to a reactor (equipped with pH probe) together with dimethylformamide and is heated to 60°C. By adding a 4 wt% of aqueous tripotassium phosphate solution, the pH is adjusted to a pH range of 6.8-7.6 (with a target of pH 7.2) while Compound 3 crystallizes as free base. After cooling to 22°C and stirring, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with drinking water. The moist solids are dried at 50 °C under vacuum to give dry, crude Compound 3.
In order to remove residual palladium, dry, crude Compound 3 is dissolved in dimethylformamide at internal temperature of 60°C and stirred together with Smopex-234 (commercially available from Johnson Matthey) and activated charcoal for 90 minutes. The solids are filtered off at internal temperature of 60°C and are washed with
dimethylformamide. To the filtrate are added drinking water and Compound 3 seed crystals. More drinking water is added while Compound 3 crystallizes. After cooling to internal temperature of 20 °C, the solids are filtered using a centrifuge and are washed with a mixture of deionized water and dimethylformamide and with deionized water. The moist solids are dried at 50°C under vacuum, providing 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Compound 3).
Example 2. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide
A. “One-pot” Synthesis
Compound 3 Intermediate 1
t-Bu-O. /\ ^ H2
(Compound 4)
Compound 5
In an inertized reaction vessel at internal temperature 20-25 °C under nitrogen, 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Compound 3, 1.0 eq.) is added to a mixture of DMF and THF. To this slurry, a solution of potassium trimethylsilanolate (1.05 eq.) in THF is added to the mixture at internal temperature of 25 °C over a period of about 40 minutes, and the resulting mixture is stirred for about 1 hour, providing a potassium salt solution of Intermediate 1. A THF/methanol mixture is then sequentially distilled off from the mixture at 85-120°C during about 2 hours.
The potassium salt solution is then added to a suspension of CDI (1.25 eq.) and imidazole hydrochloride (1.40 eq.) in THF at internal temperature of 25 °C over a period of about 1 hour. The resulting mixture is then stirred for approximately 1 hour at 50°C, and the following imidazolide intermediate
The imidazolide intermediate is not further isolated.
Subsequently, 1.2 eq. of 0-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)hydroxylamine (Compound 4, CAS No. 1023742-13-3, available from suppliers such as Huhu Technology, Inc.®) is added over a period of about 30 minutes at 50°C and stirred for 1.5 hours. Demineralized water is then added at 50°C, producing a precipitate. After cooling to 20°C and stirring for about 3-16 hours, the slurry is filtered off, washed with THF/ demineralized water (1 :2) in 2 portions and with demineralized water in three portions, and dried at 50°C / <70 mbar for about 17 hours, providing 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) as monohydrate.
B. A synthesis method with isolation of the intermediate of step a) from the reaction mixture of step a) prior to the reaction of step b)
Alternatively, 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5 -carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) can be made by the synthesis method as shown below. Compound 3, which is a methyl ester, is first converted to a carboxylic acid, which is then isolated by a crystallization to form Compound
6. Compound 6 is then coupled with Compound 4 to form Compound 5 as monohydrate.
The crystallization step in this method removes starting materials such as Compound 1, process impurities, and the dba ligand from the prior catalyst before the coupling reaction with Compound 4, and at the same time maintains the overall yield of the synthesis.
6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-memy acid In an inertized (N2) reaction vessel at internal temperature of 60°C, Compound 3 (1.0 eq.) is dissolved in DMF and stirred with a fiber, which is sold under the trademark
SMOPEX 234, and activated charcoal for the removal of palladium to not more than 100 ppm. The fiber and activated charcoal are removed by filtration at 60°C and washed with DMF.
The filtrate (containing Compound 3) is transferred to a second inertized (N2) reaction vessel and cooled to an internal temperature of 30°C. A thin suspension can form at this point of time. 30% sodium hydroxide (1.1 eq.) and water (for rinsing) are added, and the resulting reaction mixture is vigorously stirred for 3 hours at an internal temperature of 30 °C. The methyl ester is saponified. Conversion is checked by an IPC (HPLC). As soon as the IPC criterion is met, a filter aid, which is sold under the trademark HYFLO, is added. The mixture is stirred for 15 minutes and then filtered at 30°C via a plate filter and polish filter to a third reaction inertized (N2) vessel.
An aqueous HC1 solution 7.5 % is added to the clear filtrate in the third vessel at an internal temperature of 30 °C until a pH value of 8 is reached. Then the solution is seeded at an internal temperature of 30°C with Compound 6, and an aqueous HC1 solution 7.5 % is added under vigorous stirring until a pH value of pH 2.8 is reached. The product gradually crystalizes. The suspension is cooled over 60 min to an internal temperature of 25 °C and
water is added. The suspension is stirred for at least 4 hours at an internal temperature of 25°C.
The resulting solid is collected by centrifugation or filtration. The filter cake is first washed with DMF/water 1 :1 (w/w) and then with water, discharged and dried in a vacuum at 50°C. The water content is controlled by IPC. The crystalline product Compound 6 is discharged as soon as the IPC criterion is met.
6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid- (2-tert-butoxyethoxy) – amide
An inertized (N2) reaction vessel is charged with Compound 6 (1.0 eq.), DMF, and
THF at room temperature. The suspension is heated to 25 °C under stirring with flow of nitrogen. After CDI (1.13 eq.) is added, the suspension can get thinner and slight evolution of gases can be observed. After the suspension finally becomes a solution, it is then monitored by IPC (HPLC).
As soon as the IPC (HPLC) criterion is met, the reaction mixture is heated to 50°C over 20 minutes and imidazole hydrochloride (0.3 eq.) is added, forming a solution of
Intermediate 2.
To the solution of Intermediate 2, Compound 4 (1.3 eq.) is added over 60 minutes at internal temperature of 50°C under stirring at a speed of 300 rpm with flow of nitrogen. As soon as the IPC (HPLC) criterion is met, the mixture is cooled to 20-25 °C over 30 minutes. The mixture is then stored at ambient temperature overnight under nitrogen without stirring. DMF is added to the mixture followed by heating it to 50 °C over 30 minutes. Complete conversion of Intermediate 2 to Compound 5 is confirmed by IPC (HPLC).
Water is added to the mixture at internal temperature of 50 °C over 20 minutes. Then the solution is seeded with Compound 5. After stirring at 50 °C for 60 minutes, more water is added to the suspension at 50 °C over 90 minutes. After vigorous stirring, the suspension is cooled to 20 °C over 2 hours and filtered. The filter cake is washed twice with THF/water (v/v: 1 :2) at 20 °C, and twice with water at 20 °C. Finally, the filter cake is dried at 50 °C under vacuum to provide 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) as monohydrate.
Example 3. Preparation of 6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A)
Compound 5 Compound A
6-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)-amide (Compound 5) monohydrate is added in 3 portions to a premixed solution of Acetonitrile and excess Phosphoric acid (85 % aqueous solution) at internal temperature 20-25 °C. After stirring for about 15 minutes, the suspension is heated to internal temperature 50-53 °C. The suspension is maintained at this temperature for 6 hours, cooled to internal temperature 20-25 °C. The mixture is then heated to internal temperature 35-37°C and diluted with Ethanol- Water (3 :1 v/v). EKNS and CEFOK are added, the reaction mixture is stirred approximately 15 minutes and filtered over a funnel coated with CEFOK. The filtrate is cooled to approximately 30°C. 3 N aqueous potassium hydroxide (ΚΟΗ) is added to the cooled filtrate over a period of 90 minutes until a pH- value of about 8.1 is reached. The suspension is heated to internal temperature 60-63 °C, stirred at this temperature for a period of about 2 hours, cooled to 20-23 °C over a period of about 45 minutes, filtered over a funnel, and dried at 50°C pressure <100 mbar over a period of about 17 hours, providing 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A) as a white powder.
Example 4. Preparation of Crystallized 6-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethyoxy)-amide (Compound A) In a dry vessel at room temperature, Compound A is added to a premixed solvent solution of methanol/THF/water (35/35/30 w/w). The suspension is heated to internal temperature 53-55°C, and the resulting solution is hot filtered by deep and membrane filtration (via a paper filter and PTFE membrane) at internal temperature 53-56°C. The clear solution is stirred and cooled to 47-48°C, and the seed crystals suspension (i.e., seed crystals of crystallized Compound A in water, 10% m/m) is added (0.2 to 0.5% of crystallized Compound A expected yield mass). After about 20 minutes, water is slowly added within 25 hours (33.3% within 15 hours and 66.6% within 10 hours with at least 10 minute stirring after addition of water) to obtain a final ratio of methanol THF/water (20/20/60 w/w). After the water is added, the suspension is cooled down to internal temperature 3-5 °C within 10 hours and stirred for 0.5 hours. The white suspension is filtered over a sinter glass nutsche (75 ml, diameter = 6 cm, pore 3) suction filter and washed once with ice cold methanol/THF/water (15/15/70 w/w at 2-4 °C), and two times with ice cold water (2-4 °C). Drying takes place in a vacuum oven dryer at 20°C for 10 hours, and then at 40°C for 10 hours, and then at 60°C for at least 12 hours with pressure < lOmbar, providing crystallized Compound A.
Example 5. Pharmaceutical Composition
Crystallized Compound A is formulated as indicated in Table 1 :
Table 1
* The weight of the drug substance is taken with reference to the dried substance (100%) on the basis of assayed value. The difference in weight is adjusted by the amount of lactose monohydrate.
** The Opadry II is combined with the sterile water to make a 12% w/w Opadry II (85F) film coat suspension, which is then sprayed onto the core tablet.
*** Removed during processing
Upon mixing of the tablet core components, the pharmaceutical composition is converted into a tablet form by direct compression. The formed tablet may be further coated with the tablet coating provided above.
Selumetinib.司美替尼 .. phase III trial in patients with KRAS mutation-positive NSCLC
Selumetinib司美替尼
6-(4-bromo-2-chloroanilino)-7-fluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methylbenzimidazole-5-carboxamide
5-(4-Bromo-2-chlorophenylamino)-4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carbohydroxamic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester
6-(4-bromo-2-chloro- phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3 -methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy- ethoxy)-amide
943332-08-9 (sulfate (1:1) salt) IS THE DRUG
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. In October, AstraZeneca began a phase III trial of selumetinib in patients with KRAS mutation-positive NSCLC. AstraZeneca has also partnered with Roche Molecular Systems to develop a device to detect these mutations.
Selumetinib (AZD6244) is a drug being investigated for the treatment of various types of cancer, for example non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
The gene BRAF is part of the MAPK/ERK pathway, a chain of proteins in cells that communicates input from growth factors. Activating mutations in the BRAF gene, primarily V600E (meaning that the amino acid valine in position 600 is replaced by glutamic acid), are associated with lower survival rates in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Another type of mutation that leads to undue activation of this pathway occurs in the gene KRAS and is found in NSCLC. A possibility of reducing the activity of the MAPK/ERK pathway is to block the enzyme MAPK kinase (MEK), immediately downstream of BRAF, with the drug selumetinib. More specifically, selumetinib blocks the subtypes MEK1 and MEK2 of this enzyme.[1]
Selumetinib is a novel, selective, non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of MEK1/2 currently in phase III clinical development at AstraZeneca for the oral treatment of non-small lung cancer with KRAS mutation. Additional phase II trials are under way at both AstraZeneca and Array BioPharma for the treatment of other oncological indications, including colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer and malignant melanoma. AstraZeneca is conducting phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma (AIDS-related) in combination with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Also, phase I trials are ongoing at the companies targeting several solid tumors, including skin, pancreatic, colon, lung and breast tumors. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is also evaluating selumetinib for the treatment of thyroid cancer, ovary cancer, myeloid leukemia, glioma, multiple myeloma, metastatic uveal melanoma, sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, plexiform neurofibromas and for the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer. Additional early clinical trials are under way at the Massachusetts General Hospital for the treatment of cancers with BRAF mutations. No recent development has been reported for phase II clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
In addition to thyroid cancer, BRAF-activating mutations are prevalent in melanoma (up to 59%), colorectal cancer (5–22%), serousovarian cancer (up to 30%), and several other tumor types.[2]
KRAS mutations appear in 20 to 30% of NSCLC cases and about 40% of colorectal cancer.[1]
. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is also evaluating selumetinib for the treatment of thyroid cancer, ovary cancer, myeloid leukemia, glioma, multiple myeloma, metastatic uveal melanoma, sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, plexiform neurofibromas and for the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer. Additional early clinical trials are under way at the Massachusetts General Hospital for the treatment of cancers with BRAF mutations. No recent development has been reported for phase II clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
A Phase II clinical trial about selumetinib in NSCLC has been completed in September 2011;[3] one about cancers with BRAF mutations is ongoing as of June 2012.[4]
Selumetinib appears to efficiently target cancers with overactivation of MEK and associated cell signaling pathways. According to laboratory studies, selumetinib has an effect on human tumors at nanomolar concentrations. Potential advantages of selumetinib over marketed therapies include improved efficacy linked to a novel mechanism and ease of use based on the drug candidate’s oral formulation.
In 2013, AstraZeneca acquired exclusive worldwide rights to selumetinib from Array BioPharma.
AZD6244 (Selumetinib)
6-(4-Bromo-2- chloro-ρhenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy- ethoxy)-amide, or “Compound 1”, is exemplified in WO 03/077914 and possesses the following structural formula:
…………………………..
http://www.google.com/patents/US20030232869
Example 10
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide (29c)
Step A. 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 9a and 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester
A solution of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 8b (150 mg, 0.38 mmol), iodomethane (28 μL, 0.45 mmol) and potassium carbonate (78 mg, 0.56 mmol) in dimethylformamide (1.5 mL) is stirred at 75° C. for one hour. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (2×), brine, and dried (Na2SO4). Flash column chromatography (20:1 methylene chloride/ethyl acetate) provides 56 mg (36%) of the more mobile 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 9a as a white solid. 19F NMR (376 MHz, CD3OD)-133.5 (s). MS APCI (+) m/z 412, 414 (M+, Br pattern) detected. Also isolated is 54 mg (35%) of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester as a white solid. 19F NMR (376 MHz, CD3OD)-139.9 (s). MS APCI (+) m/z 412, 414 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step B. 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 10c
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 9a (56 mg, 0.14 mmol) is dissolved into 2:1 THF/water (3 mL) and NaOH (0.55 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.55 mmol) is added. After stirring for two hours the reaction is reduced to one quarter initial volume via rotary evaporation and the remainder diluted to 50 mL with water. The aqueous solution is acidified to pH 2 by the addition of 1.0 M aqueous HCl and extracted with 1:1 tetrahydrofuran/ethyl acetate (3×), dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 43 mg (79%) pure carboxylic acid as an off white solid. MS ESI (+) m/z 397, 398 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step C: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide 29a
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid 10c (2.00 g, 5.0 mmol), O-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-hydroxylamine (0.776 g, 7.5 mmol), HOBt (0.88 g, 6.5 mmol), triethylamine (1.61 mL, 2.3 mmol) and EDCI (1.3 g, 6.5 mmol) are dissolved in dimethylformamide (52 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water (3×), saturated potassium carbonate (2×), saturated ammonium chloride (2×), brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to an off-white solid. Trituration of the solid with diethyl ether provides 2.18 g (90%) desired product as an off-white solid. MS ESI (+) m/z 483, 485 (M+ Br pattern) detected.
Step D: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide 29c
Hydrochloric acid (14 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 14 mmol) is added to a suspension of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide 29a (2.18 g, 4.50 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) and the reaction mixture allowed to stir for 24 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated to dryness by rotary evaporation and the solids partitioned between 3:1 ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran and saturated potassium carbonate. The aqueous phase is extracted with 3:1 ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran (3×), the combined organics dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated to provide 2.11 g (100%) 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide as an off-white solid. MS ESI (+) m/z 457, 459 (M+, Br pattern) detected. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-d4) δ8.26 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H), 6.40 (dd, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 2H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOH-d4)-133.68 (s).
…………
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2003077914A1?cl=en
Scheme 1
Scheme la
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
17 18
Scheme 4
25
Scheme 5
Example 1 and in this Example 9 by using the appropriate carboxylic acid and the appropriate hydroxylamine:
Example 10
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide (29c)Step A. 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)- 7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester 9a and 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-l- methyl-lH-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester
A solution of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3H-benzoimidazole-5-
carboxylic acid methyl ester 8b (150 mg, 0.38 mmol), iodomethane (28 μL, 0.45 mmol)
and potassium carbonate (78 mg, 0.56 mmol) in dimethylformamide (1.5 mL) is stirred at
75 °C for one hour. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (2x), brine, and dried (Na SO ). Flash column chromatography (20:1 methylene chloride/ethyl acetate) provides 56 mg (36%) of the
more mobile 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3 -methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-
5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 9a as a white solid. 19F NMR (376 MHz, CD3OD) -133.5
(s). MS APCI (+) m/z 412, 414 (M+, Br pattern) detected. Also isolated is 54 mg (35%)
of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester as a white solid. 19F NMR (376 MHz, CD3OD) -139.9 (s).
MS APCI (+) m/z 412, 414 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step B. 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid 10c
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester 9a (56 mg, 0.14 mmol) is dissolved into 2:1 THF/water (3 mL ) and NaOH (0.55 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 0.55 mmol) is added. After stirring for two hours the reaction is reduced to one quarter initial volume via rotary evaporation and the remainder diluted to 50 mL with water. The aqueous solution is acidified to pH 2 by the addition of 1.0 M aqueous HCl and extracted with 1 : 1 tetrahydrofuran/ethyl acetate (3x), dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 43 mg (79%) pure carboxylic acid as an off white solid. MS ESI (+) m/z 397, 398 (M+, Br pattern) detected.
Step C: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)~ 7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide 29a
6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid 10c (2.00 g, 5.0 mmol), O-(2-vinyloxy-ethyl)-hydroxylamine (0.776 g, 7.5 mmol), HOBt (0.88 g, 6.5 mmol), triethylamine (1.61 mL, 2.3 mmol) and EDCI (1.3 g, 6.5 mmol) are dissolved in dimethylformamide (52 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water (3x), saturated potassium carbonate (2x), saturated ammonium chloride (2x), brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure to an off-white solid. Trituration of the solid with diethyl ether provides 2.18 g (90%) desired product as an off- white solid. MS ESI (+) m/z 483, 485 (M+ Br pattern) detected.
Step D: 6-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)- 7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy) -amide 29c
Hydrochloric acid (14 mL, 1.0 M aqueous solution, 14 mmol) is added to a suspension of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3 -methyl-3H-benzoimidazole -5-carboxylic acid (2-vinyloxy-ethoxy)-amide 29a (2.18 g, 4.50 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) and the reaction mixture allowed to stir for 24 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated to dryness by rotary evaporation and the solids partitioned between 3:1 ethyl acetate/tefrahydrofuran and saturated potassium carbonate. The aqueous phase is extracted with 3:1 ethyl acetate/tefrahydrofuran (3x), the combined organics dried (Na SO4), and concentrated to provide 2.11 g (100%) 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro- phenylamino)-7-fluoro-3 -methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy- ethoxy)-amide as an off-white solid. MS ESI (+) m/z 457, 459 (M+, Br pattern) detected. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOH-c^) δ 8.26 (s, IH), 7.78 (s, IH), 7.57 (d, IH), 7.24 (dd, IH), 6.40 (dd, IH), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 2H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOH-d4) -133.68 (s).
………………
http://www.google.com/patents/EP1968948A2?cl=en
Example 1
Preparation of the Hydrogen sulfate salt of Compound 1
[0076] To a stirred suspension of 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenylamino)-7-fiuoro-3- methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-amide (100 g, 0.206 mol) (obtainable as described in Example 10 of WO 03/077914, which is incorporated herein by reference and as described below) in 2-butanone (680 mL) and water (115 mL) at 0-5 0C was added sulfuric acid (12.3 mL, 0.226 mol) followed by water (5 mL) maintaining a temperature of 10 °C or lower. The stirred mixture was heated to 65 0C and held for 30 minutes before filtering to remove any extraneous matter. The filter was washed with a mixture of 2-butanone (85 mL) and water (15 mL). The combined filtrates were heated to 72 0C before adding 2-butanone (500 mL) maintaining a temperature of between 60-72 0C. The resulting mixture was distilled at atmospheric pressure (approximate distillation temperature 73-74°C) until 500 mL of distillate had been collected.
[0077] A second aliquot of 2-butanone (500 mL) was added, maintaining the temperature of the mixture above 70 0C. The resulting mixture was distilled again until 250 mL of distillate had collected. The mixture was cooled to 0-5 0C over approximately 1 hour. The resulting slurry was filtered, washed with 2-butanone (240 mL) and dried under reduced pressure at 50 0C, until a constant weight was achieved, to give 6-(4-bromo-2-chloro- phenylamino)-7-fiuoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)- amide hydrogen sulfate (103.5 g, 0.186 mol, 90% yield) as an off white crystalline solid.1H NMR (400 MHz, D6 DMSO) δ 3.58 (2H, t, CH2OH), 3.89 (2H, t, CH2ON), 3.99 (3H, s, CH3), 6.47 (IH, dd, ArH), 7.29 (IH, dd, ArH), 7.63 (IH, d, ArH), 7.91 (IH, s, ArH), 7.96 (3H, br, ROH, NH, SOH), 8.10 (IH, br, ArNH), 8.94 (IH, s, NCHN), 11.79 (IH, s, ONH). 13C NMR (100 MHz, D6 DMSO) δ 32.1 (CH3), 58.5 (CH2OH), 77.3 (CH2ON), 108.2 (CH), 109.6 (CBr), 115.8 (CH), 120.6 (CCl), 122.0 (C), 125.0 (CC=O), 129.4 (C), 130.5 (CH), 131.1 (CH), 132.3 (C), 140.6 (C), 145.8 (CF), 146.5 (CH), 164.2 (C=O). [0078] The results of the infrared analysis are shown in Figure 2. Spectral assignments axe summarized in Table 1.
Table 1
Wavenumber (cm“ ) Assignment 3,255 Includes the O-H stretching vibration of the primary alcohol group and the N-H stretching vibrations of the secondary aromatic amine and secondary amide groups.
3,200 – 2,700 Includes =C-H stretching vibrations of the aromatic ring and benzimidazole group and the aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations.
2,700 – 2,300 Includes the multiple NH+ stretching vibrations of the benzimidazole 1 : 1 sulfate salt group.
1,673 C=O stretching vibrations of the secondary amide group where
1,653 the carbonyl group is subject to different environmental effects such as hydrogen bonding.
1,640 – 1,370 Includes the C=C aromatic ring stretching vibrations, the C=C and C=N stretching vibrations of the benzimidazole group, the
O-H deformation vibration of the primary alcohol group and the aliphatic C-H deformation vibrations.
1,570 The CNH combination band of the secondary amide group.
1,506 Includes the CNH bending vibration of the secondary aromatic amine group.
1 ,213 The aryl C-F stretching vibration.
1,189 The asymmetric SO3 “ stretching vibration of the benzimidazole
1 : 1 sulfate salt group. 1,100 – 1,000 Includes the C-O stretching vibration of the primary alcohol group and the aryl C-Br stretching vibration. 1,011 The symmetric SO3 “ stretching vibration of the benzimidazole
1 :1 sulfate salt group. 920 – 600 Includes the C-H wag vibrations and C=C ring bending vibrations of the 1,2,4-trisubtituted aromatic ring and the benzimidazole group. 888 Includes the S-O(H) stretching vibration of the benzimidazole
1 : 1 sulfate salt group. Example IA
Preparation of the Hydrogen sulphate salt of Compound 1
[0079] Sulfuric acid (1.52 ml, 27.86 mmol) was added to a stirred suspension of 6-(4- bromo-2-chlorophenylamino)-7-fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2- hydroxyethoxy)-amide (1O g, 0.0214 mol) (obtainable as described in Example 10 of WO 03/077914, which is incorporated herein by reference and as described below) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (62 ml) and water (8 ml) whilst maintaining a temperature of 10 0C or lower. The stirred mixture was heated to 65 0C and held for 30 minutes before filtering to remove any extraneous matter. THF (150 ml) was then added to the mixture maintaining the temperature above 60 0C. The mixture was then cooled to 0-5 0C over approximately 2 hour. The resulting slurry was filtered, washed with THF (30 ml) and dried under reduced pressure at 50 0C until a constant weight was achieved, to give 6-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenylamino)-7- fluoro-3-methyl-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxyethoxy)-amide hydrogen sulfate (9.81g, 0.17 mol, 82% yield) as an off white crystalline solid. The material was the same as that produced in Example 1 above.
References
- Troiani, T.; Vecchione, L.; Martinelli, E.; Capasso, A.; Costantino, S.; Ciuffreda, L. P.; Morgillo, F.; Vitagliano, D.; d’Aiuto, E.; De Palma, R.; Tejpar, S.; Van Cutsem, E.; De Lorenzi, M.; Caraglia, M.; Berrino, L.; Ciardiello, F. (2012). “Intrinsic resistance to selumetinib, a selective inhibitor of MEK1/2, by cAMP-dependent protein kinase a activation in human lung and colorectal cancer cells”. British Journal of Cancer 106 (10): 1648–1659.doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.129. PMC 3349172. PMID 22569000.
- Davies, H.; Bignell, G. R.; Cox, C.; Stephens, P.; Edkins, S.; Clegg, S.; Teague, J.; Woffendin, H.; Garnett, M. J.; Bottomley, W.; Davis, N.; Dicks, E.; Ewing, R.; Floyd, Y.; Gray, K.; Hall, S.; Hawes, R.; Hughes, J.; Kosmidou, V.; Menzies, A.; Mould, C.; Parker, A.; Stevens, C.; Watt, S.; Hooper, S.; Wilson, R.; Jayatilake, H.; Gusterson, B. A.; Cooper, C.; Shipley, J. (2002). “Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer”. Nature 417 (6892): 949–954. doi:10.1038/nature00766. PMID 12068308.
- Jump up^ ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00890825 Comparison of AZD6244 in Combination With Docetaxel Versus Docetaxel Alone in KRAS Mutation Positive Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients
- Jump up^ ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00888134 AZD6244 in Cancers With BRAF Mutations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013 , vol. 135, 35 p. 12994 – 12997
-
8-1-2013Identification of potent Yes1 kinase inhibitors using a library screening approach.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters
| WEDGE S R ET AL: “AZD2171: A HIGHLY POTENT, ORALLY BIOAVAILABLE, VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-2 TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER“, CANCER RESEARCH, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH, US, vol. 65, no. 10, 15 May 2005 (2005-05-15), pages 4389-4400, XP008066714, ISSN: 0008-5472, DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4409 | ||
| 52 | * | WEDGE STEPHEN R ET AL: “ZD6474 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor growth following oral administration“, CANCER RESEARCH, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH, US, vol. 62, no. 16, 15 August 2002 (2002-08-15), pages 4645-4655, XP002425560, ISSN: 0008-5472 |
| 53 | WEDGE, S.R. ET AL.: ‘ZD6474 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor growth following oral administration‘ CANCER RES vol. 62, 2002, pages 4645 – 4655 |
- Ho, Alan L.; Grewal, Ravinder K.; Leboeuf, Rebecca; Sherman, Eric J.; Pfister, David G.; Deandreis, Desiree; Pentlow, Keith S.; Zanzonico, Pat B. et al. (2013). “Selumetinib-Enhanced Radioiodine Uptake in Advanced Thyroid Cancer”. New England Journal of Medicine 368 (7): 623–32. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1209288. PMC 3615415.PMID 23406027.
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1-30-2009
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TOSYLATE SALT OF 6- (4-BR0M0-2-CHL0R0PHENYLAMIN0) -7-FLUORO-N- (2-HYDROXYETHOXY) -3-METHYL-3H-BENZIMI DAZOLE- 5 – CARBOXAMIDE , MEK INHIBITOR USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
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9-17-2008
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N3 alkylated benzimidazole derivatives as MEk inhibitors
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6-27-2007
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N3 alkylated benzimidazole derivatives as MEK inhibitors
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12-19-2003
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N3 alkylated benzimidazole derivatives as MEK inhibitors
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6-6-2012
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METHOD OF TREATMENT USING N3 ALKYLATED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MEK INHIBITORS
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6-6-2012
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COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING N3 ALKYLATED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MEK INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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5-16-2012
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N3 ALKYLATED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MEK INHIBITORS
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8-24-2011
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N3 ALKYLATED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MEK INHIBITORS
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7-6-2011
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N3 ALKYLATED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MEK INHIBITORS
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N3 ALKYLATED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MEK INHIBITORS
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N3 ALKYLATED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MEK INHIBITORS
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COMBINATION THERAPY COMPRISING AZD2171 AND AZD6244 OR MEK-INHIBITOR II
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PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION 271
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N3 ALKYLATED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MEK INHIBITORS
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Dacomitinib in phase 3 for lung (non-small cell) (NSCLC) Cancer
Dacomitinib
(2E)-N-{4-[(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-7-methoxy-6-quinazolinyl}-4-(1-piperidinyl)-2-butenamide
4-Piperidin-1-yl-but-2-enoic acid [4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-7-methoxy-quinazolin-6-yl]-amide
4-Piperidin-1-yl-but-2-enoic acid [4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-7-methoxy-quinazolin-6-yl]-amide
pf299804…… pfizer
EGFR (HER1; erbB1) Inhibitors
HER4 (erbB4) Inhibitors
HER2 (erbB2) Inhibitors
- Molecular formula:C24H25ClFN5O2
- Molecular mass:469.95
Dacomitinib (PF-00299804) is an experimental drug candidate under development by Pfizer for the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. It is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of EGFR.[1]
Dacomitinib has advanced to several Phase III clinical trials. The results of the first trials were disappointing, with a failure to meet the study goals,[2][3][4] Additional Phase III trials are ongoing.[2]
Dacomitinib is a HER (erbB) inhibitor in clinical trial development at Pfizer for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and for the treatment of relapsed/recurrent glioblastoma.
No recent development has been reported for research into the treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer. In 2012, Pfizer and SFJ Pharmaceuticals signed a codevelopment agreement for dacomitinib for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with activating mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor.
Substituted 4-phenylamino-quinazolin-6-yl-amides useful in the treatment of cancer have been described in the art, including those of U.S. Pat. No. 5,457,105 (Barker), U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,041 (Wissner et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,599 (Gibson), U.S. Pat. No. 5,929,080 (Frost), U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,464 (Barker), U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,912 (Wissner et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,455 (Bridges et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,459 (Bridges et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,414,148 (Thomas et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,599 (Gibson et al.), U.S. patent application 2002/0173509 (Himmelsbach et al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,209 (Frost).
Dacomitinib is a pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor (pan-HER) inhibitor developed by Pfizer, as ー small molecules targeting ffiR-1, HER-2 and HER-4 tyrosine kinase inhibitor by irreversibly binding to HER-l, HER-2, HER-4 and anti-tumor effect. Ni-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) display, Dacomitinib in non-small cell lung cancer Dinner erlotinib compared to some extend on progression-free survival and quality of life have mentioned the smell.
_4] Structural formula for Dacomitinib
[0005] U.S. patent US7772243 Dacomitinib first proposed a synthesis method, first, a fluorine-2_ _4_ amino acid and formamidine ring closure reaction to give 7 – fluoro-4 – quinazolinone, nitration and then successively chlorination reaction, to give 4 – chloro-7 – fluoro-6 – nitro-quinazoline; another aspect ー 3 – chloro-4 – amino-substituted on a fluoroaniline to give 3 – chloro – # – (3,4 – ni section yl methoxy)-4_ fluoro-aniline, obtained after the coupling of both an amino-protected N-(3 – chloro-4 – fluorophenyl)-7 – fluoro-6 – nitro-quinazoline -4 – amine, protected amino N-(3 – chloro-4 – fluorophenyl
Yl)-7_ fluoro-6 – nitro-quinazolin-4 – amine is of formula
Followed by a methoxy group, an amidation reaction and hydrogenation, the final deprotection ko under the action of trifluoroacetic acid to give the final product Dacomitinib. Throughout the reaction as follows:
synthesis
http://www.google.com/patents/CN103304492A?cl=en
Synthesis ー kind EGFR inhibitors Dacomitinib, synthetic route for
A synthetic method EGFR inhibitors Dacomitinib, concrete steps are as follows:
Step I, 7 – fluoro-4 – Synthesis of quinazolinone:
30 g (0.1934mol) 2 – fluoro-amino acid was dissolved in 250 ml _4_ formamide among the reaction was heated to 150 ° C for 6 inch, TLC plates to determine the point of completion of the reaction. The reaction was poured hot into 2000 ml of ice water, filtered, the filter cake was washed with water, vacuum dried at 50 ° C for 14 hours to give a pale brown solid powder 7 – fluoro-4 – quinazolinone, 28 g, yield 88%.
[0021] 2 walk 7 – fluoro-6 – nitro-4_ (hydrogen) _ Synthetic quinazolinones of:
Concentrated sulfuric acid (50 ml) and fuming nitric acid (50 ml) mixture was cooled with an ice bath to (TC hereinafter under stirring slowly added 25 g (0.1523mol) 7 – fluoro-4 – quinazolinone , the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for I hour and then the reaction was heated to 110 ° C for 2 inch, TLC plates to determine the point of completion of the reaction the reaction was cooled to room temperature, 300 ml of ice water, the precipitated solid was stirred for 30 minutes , filtered, the filter cake was washed with water, vacuum dried at 50 ° C in 14 hours to give a yellow solid powder 7 – fluoro-6 – nitro-4 – (hydrogen) – quinazolinone, 26 g, yield 82%.
[0022] Step 3 6 – amino-7 – fluoro-4 – (hydrogen) – quinazolinone Synthesis:
24 g (0.1148mol) 7 – fluoro-6 – nitro _4_ (hydrogen) – quinazolinone was dissolved in 400 ml of methanol was added 2 g of palladium / carbon catalyst was added 8 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen was 2 small inch atmospheric reaction, TLC plates to determine the point of the reaction is complete. The catalyst was removed by suction filtration through celite, washed several fitness methanol, and the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation to dryness to give 6 – amino-7_ fluoro-4 – (hydrogen) – quinazolinone, yellow powder, 20 g, yield 97%.
[0023] 4 walk, ⑶ -4 – (piperidin – Suites yl) -2 – butene acid methyl ester synthesis:
18 g (0.1006mol) 4 – bromo-methyl crotonate dissolved in 180 ml of methylene chloride ni added 27.9 g (0.2019mol) potassium carbonate, cooled to ice-bath (TC, was slowly added dropwise 10 ml (0.1012mol ) piperidine, (I reaction was stirred under a small inch TC, TLC plates to determine the point of completion of the reaction was concentrated by rotary evaporation to dryness, to give (E) -4 – (piperidin-1 – yl) – 2 – butenoic acid methyl Cool as a yellow solid, 17.1 g, yield 93%.
[0024] 5th walk, Buddhist) -4 – (piperidin-1 – yl) -2 – butene acid hydrochloride synthesis:
16 g (0.0873mol) of W) -4 – (piperidin-_1_ yl) -2 – butenyl acetate and 80 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to 250 ml of 1,4 – ni oxygen dioxane, heated under reflux 20 hours inch, TLC plate point the reaction was determined complete, the reaction solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation to dryness surplus was recrystallized from isopropanol to give a pale yellow solid, Buddhist) _4-(piperidin-1 – yl) -2 – butene acid hydrochloride, 14.5 g, yield 81%.
[0025] Step 6, (E) -4 – (piperazine Jie fixed -1 – yl) – 2 – butenyl chloride synthesis:
13 g (0.0632mol) of (K) ~ 4 ~ (piperidin-1 – yl) -2 – butene acid hydrochloride was dissolved in 750 ml of methylene chloride ni, 5 ml of DMF, was slowly added dropwise 8 ml ( 0.0933mol) of oxalyl chloride, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for I h, TLC plates to determine the point of completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated to dryness by rotary evaporation to give a pale yellow oil, Buddhist) _4-(piperidin-1 – yl) -2 – butyl allyl chloride, 11.8 g, yield 99%.
[0026] Step 7 (cargo) – # – (7 – fluoro-4 – oxo-3 ,4 – ni hydrogen quinazolin-6 – yl) -4 – (piperidin-1 – yl) -2 – butene amide Synthesis:
11 g (0.0586mol) of the) -4 – (piperidin-1 – yl) – 2 – butenyl chloride ni chloride (50 ml) was slowly added dropwise to 6 – amino-1 – fluoro-4 – ( hydrogen) – quinazolinone (7 g, 0.0391mmol), three ko amine (14 ml) and the mixture was ni chloride (200 ml), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours the reaction inch, TLC determined the completion of reaction points board , was added 800 liters of halo ni halo chloroformate and 500 liters of burning the separated organic phase was washed with 500 liters of halo, halo and then with 500 liters of brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated by rotary evaporation to dryness was subjected to silica gel surplus Column chromatography (30% acid ko ko acetate / hexane) to give (M)-N-(7 – fluoro-4 – oxo-3 ,4 – ni hydrogen quinazolin-6 – yl) -4 – (piperidin-1 – yl) -2 – butenamide, as a pale yellow solid, 12.3 g, yield 95%.
Step 8 [0027] (2 ^) – # – (7 – methoxy – 4 – oxo _3, 4_ ni hydrogen quinazolinyl _6_ yl)-4_ (piperidin-1 – yl) – Synthesis 2_ butenamide:
I ^ xN MeONa N. Under nitrogen atmosphere, to 100 ml of anhydrous methanol was slowly added 1.52 g of sodium metal (0.0661mol), stirred for 10 minutes to dissolve all of the sodium metal to the completion of the reaction, to obtain a freshly prepared solution of sodium methoxide, and the The sodium methoxide solution was added 11 g (0.0333mol) of (receive) (7 – fluoro-4 – oxo-3 ,4 – ni hydrogen quinazolin-6 – yl) -4 – (piperidin-1 – yl) 2_ butene-amide, the reaction was heated to reflux for 3 inch, TLC plates to determine completion of the reaction point, cooled to room temperature, acidified with 2N hydrochloric acid solution to pH = 3 ~ 4, and concentrated by rotary evaporation to dryness, the residue was washed with water beating, filtration, The filter cake was washed with water, vacuum dried at 50 ° C in 14 hours to give (article) – # – (7 – methoxy – 4 – oxo – ni hydrogen quinazolin-6 – yl) – 4_ (piperidin-1 – yl)-2_ butenamide yellow solid, 10.6 g, yield 93%.
[0028] Step 9, {W,-N-(4 – chloro-7 – methoxy-quinazoline _6_ yl)-4_ (piperidin _1_ yl)-amide <EMI butene 2_:
9 g (0.0263mol) of (receive) – # – (7 – methoxy _4_ oxo – ni hydrogen quinazolin-6 – yl)-4_ (piperidin-1 – yl) – 2_ butenamide were added to 40 ml of phosphorus oxychloride was heated under reflux for 2 inch, TLC plates to determine the point of completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated to dryness by rotary evaporation, ice water was added surplus, beating, filtered, the cake washed with washed with water, vacuum dried at 50 ° C in 14 hours to give {W,-N-(4 – chloro-7 – methoxy-quinazolin-6 – yl) -4 – (piperidin-1 – yl) – 2 – butene amide as a yellow solid, 7 g, yield 74%
(2E)-N-(4 – chloro-7 – methoxy-quinazolin-6 – yl) -4 – (piperidin-1 – yl) -2 – butene amide (6 g,
0.0166mol), 3 – chloro-4-fluoro-aniline (2.6 g, 0.0179mol) and three ko amine (2.6 ml, 0.0186mol) was added to 140 ml of isopropanol and the reaction was heated to reflux for 3 inch, TLC plates to determine the point completion of the reaction, cooled to room temperature, filtered, the filter cake washed with methanol, vacuum dried at 50 ° C in 14 hours to give the final product Dacomitinib, a yellow solid, 6.6 g, yield 84%.
/////////////////////////
synthesis
US7772243
http://www.google.com/patents/US7772243
Scheme 1, wherein the 4-position aniline group is represented a 4-fluoro-3-chloro aniline group.
4-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-nitroquinazoline (7) can be prepared by methods similar to those described in J.Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 918-928. Generally, 2-amino-4-fluoro-benzoic acid (1) can be reacted with formamidine (2) and acetic acid (3) in the presence of 2-methoxyethanol to provide 7-Fluoro-3H-quinazolin-4-one (4). The 7-fluoro-3H-quinazolin-4-one (4) can be nitrated to 7-fluoro-6-nitro-3H-quinazolin-4-one (5), which can be treated with thionyl chloride to yield 4-chloro-6-nitro-7-fluoro-3H-quinazoline (6). The 4-chloro-quinazoline compound (6) can be combined with a desirably substituted aniline, represented above by 4-fluoro-3-chloro-aniline, in the presence of a tertiary amine and isopropanol to provide the 4-anilino-6-nitro-7-fluoro-quinazoline (7).
The 4-anilino-6-nitro-7-fluoro-quinazoline (7) may be reacted with an alcohol of the formula R3OH, wherein R3 is as defined above, to yield the 7-alkoxylated compound (8). Reduction of the 6-nitro compound (8) provides the 6-amino analog (9).
The 6-position amino compound (9) may be reacted with a haloalkenoyl chloride (12), such as a 4-bromo-but-2-enoyl chloride, 5-bromo-pent-2-enoyl chloride, 4-chloro-but-2-enoyl chloride, or 5-chloro-pent-2-enoyl chloride, to provide an alkenoic acid[4-anilino]-7-alkoxylated-quinazolin-6-yl-amide (13). Haloalkenoyl chloride agents useful in this scheme may be prepared by methods known in the art, such as the treatment of a relevant haloalkenoic acid, represented by bromoalkenoic acid ester (10), with a primary alcohol, yielding the corresponding haloalkenoic acid (11), which may in turn be treated with oxalyl chloride to provide the desired haloalkenoyl chloride (12).
Finally, the quinazoline-6-alkanoic acid compound (13) may be treated with a cyclic amine, such as piperidine, piperazine, etc., to provide the desired final compound (14).
EXAMPLE 2
4-Piperidin-1-yl-but-2-enoic acid [4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-7-methoxy-quinazolin-6-yl]-amide (Synthetic Route No. 1)
The title compound and other 7-methoxy analogs of this invention can be prepared as described in Example 1 by replacing the 2-fluoroethanol used in Example 1 with stoichiometric amount of methanol.
EXAMPLE 3 4-Piperidin-1 -yl-but-2-enoic acid [4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-7-methoxv -quinazolin-6-yl]-amide (Synthetic Route No. 2)
An alternative synthetic route for compounds of this invention involves preparing the 6-position substituent chain as a Het-alkenoyl chloride as depicted in Scheme 2, below.
It will be understood that other compounds within this invention may be prepared using Het-butenoyl halide, Het-pentenoyl halide and Het-hexenoyl halide groups of the formula:
wherein R4 is as described herein and halo represents F, Cl, Br or I, preferably Cl or Br. One specific group of these Het-alkenoyl halides includes those compounds in which halo is Cl or Br, R4 is —(CH2)m-Het, m is an integer from 1 to 3, and Het is piperidine or the substituted piperidine moieties disclosed above.
EXAMPLE 4 4-Piperidin-1-yl-but-2-enoic acid [4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-7-methoxy-quinazolin-6-yl]-amide (Synthetic Route No. 3)
3-Chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamine 15 (50.31, 345.6 mmole) and 3,4-Dimethoxy-benzaldehyde 16 (57.43 g, 345.6 mmole) were mixed in 500 ml of IPA and cooled in an ice-water. The glacial acetic acid was added (20.76 g, 345.6 mole) and then sodium cyanoborohydride in one portion. The reaction was stirred at room temperature (RT) for 24 hrs. 250 mL of 10% NaOH was added dropwise at RT after the reaction was completed. The mixture was stirred for ½ hr. The slurry was then filtered and washed with IPA and dried in vacuo. The mass weight 88.75 g (17, 87%).
Compounds 6 (3 g, 13.18 mmole) and 17 (3.9 g, 13.18 mmole) were combined in CH3CN (25 mL) and heated for one hr. Mass spectroscopy indicated no starting material. Saturated K2CO3 was added and the reaction was extracted 3× with EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, washed with brine and concentrated in vacuo to give 6.48 g of 7 (78.4%).
Compound 7 (72.76 g, 149.4 mmole) was added to a cool solution of NaOMe in 1.5 L of dry MeOH under N2. The cooling bath was removed and the mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 1 hr. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and quenched with water until the product precipitated out. The solid was filtered and washed with water and hexanes. The product was slurred in refluxing EtOAc and filtered hot to provide 68.75 g of yellow soled 8 (73%).
Compound 8 (63.62 g, 127.5 mole) was hydrogenated using Raney/Ni as catalyst to obtain 43.82 g of 9 (100%). Oxalyl chloride (6.5 g, 51.18 mmole) was added slowly to a suspension of 13 (10.5 g, 51.2 mmole) in 200 ml of dichloromethane containing 8 drops of DMF, after the reaction become homogeneous, the solvent was removed and the residual light yellow solid was slurred in 200 ml of DMAC and 9 (20 g, 42.65 mmole) was added gradually as a solid. The reaction was stirred for 15 min. and poured slowly into 1N NaOH. The mixture was extrated 3× EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to obtain 28.4 g (100%) 10.
Compound 10(13.07 g, 21.08 mmole) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (74 g, 649 mmole) and heated to 30° C. for 24 hrs. The reaction was cooled to RT and poured gradually into a cooled 1 N NaO H-brine solution. Precipitate formed and was filtered and washed with 3X water then dried. The precipitate was recrystallized from toluene to obtain pure 4-Piperidin-1-vl-but-2-enoic acid [4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino) -7-methoxv-puinazolin-6-yl]-amide (9.90 g, 89%).
Example 1 is similar but not same…caution
EXAMPLE 1 4-Piperidin-1-yl-but-2-enoic acid [4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-7-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-quinazolin-6-yl]-amide
7-fluoro-6-nitro-4-chloroquinazoline (14.73,g, 65 mmol) was combined with 3-choro-4-fluoroaniline (9.49 g, 65 mmol) and triethylamine (10 mL, 72 mmol) in 150 mL of isopropanol. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours, resulting in a yellow slurry. The solid was collected by filtration, rinsing with isopropanol and then water. The solid was dried in a 40° C. vacuum oven overnight to give 19.83 g (91%) of the product as an orange solid.
MS (APCI, m/z, M+1): 337.0
NaH (60% in mineral oil, 3.55 g, 88 mmol) was added, in portions, to a solution of 2-fluoroethanol (5.19 g, 80 mmol) in 200 mL THF. The reaction was stirred for 60 minutes at room temperature. To the reaction was added 7-fluoro-6-nitro-4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline)quinazoline (18.11 g, 54 mmol) as a solid, rinsing with THF. The reaction was heated to 65° C. for 26 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and quenched with water. THF was removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was sonicated briefly in water then the solid collected by filtration. The solid was triturated with MeOH, filtered and dried in a 40° C. vacuum oven overnight to 12.63 g of the product. Additional product was obtained by concentrating the MeOH filtrate to dryness and chromatography eluting with 50% EtOAc/hex. The isolated material was triturated with MeOH (2×), filtered and dried. 3.90 g
Total yield: 16.53 g, 81%
MS (APCI, m/z, M+1): 381.0
7-(2-fluoroethoxy)-6-nitro-4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline)quinazoline (0.845 g, 2.2 mmol) in 50 mL THF was hydrogenated with Raney nickel (0.5 g) as the catalyst over 15 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to give 0.77 g of product. (99%)
MS (APCI, m/z, M+1): 351.2
Methyl 4-bromocrotonate (85%, 20 mL, 144 mmol) was hydrolyzed with Ba(OH)2 in EtOH/H2O as described in J.Med.Chem. 2001, 44(17), 2729-2734.
MS (APCI, m/z, M−1): 163.0
To a solution of 4-bromocrotonic acid (4.17 g, 25 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (20 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (33 mL, 38 mmoL) and several drops of DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The solvent and excess reagent was removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in 10 mL THF and added to a 0° C. mixture of 6-amino-7-(2-fluoroethoxy)-4-(3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline)quinazoline (5.28 g, 15 mmol) and triethylamine (5.2 mL, 37 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. Water was added to the reaction and the THF removed in vacuo. The product was extracted into CH2Cl2 (400 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-4% MeOH/CH2Cl2. An isolated gold foam was isolated. Yield: 4.58 g, 61%
MS (APCI, m/z, M−1): 497.1
Piperidine (0.75 mL, 6.7 mmol) was added to a solution of the above compound (3.35 g, 6.7 mmol) and TEA (2.80 mL, 20 mmol) in 10 mL DMA at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 17 hours. Water was added to the reaction until a precipitate was evident. The reaction was sonicated for 40 minutes and the liquid decanted. The residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The material was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 4-10% MeOH/CH2Cl2. The isolated residue was triturated with acetonitrile (2×) and collected by filtration. Impurity found: Michael addition of piperidine (2.2% in first trituration of acetonitrile). Additional material can be obtained from the acetonitrile filtrates.
Yield: 0.95 g, 27%
MS (APCI, m/z, M+1): 502.3
……………
US 20050250761 A1,
References
- “Dacomitinib”. NCI Drug Dictionary.
- Zosia Chustecka (January 27, 2014). “Dacomitinib Fails in Pretreated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer”. Medscape.
- “Blow to Pfizer as dacomitinib fails in lung cancer trials”. pmlive.com. 28th January 2014.
- “Pfizer Announces Top-Line Results From Two Phase 3 Trials Of Dacomitinib In Patients With Refractory Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer”. Pfizer Press Release. January 27, 2014.
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors.17. Irreversible inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor: 4-(Phenylamino)quinazoline- and 4-(phenylamino)pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine-6-acrylamides baring additional solubilizing functions
J Med Chem 2000, 43(7): 1380
- Dacomitinib Fact Sheet, Pfizer
| WO1996033980A1 * | 23 Apr 1996 | 31 Oct 1996 | Keith Hopkinson Gibson | Quinazoline derivatives |
| WO1997038983A1 * | 8 Apr 1997 | 23 Oct 1997 | Alexander James Bridges | Irreversible inhibitors of tyrosine kinases |
| WO2002050043A1 * | 12 Dec 2001 | 27 Jun 2002 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma | Quinazoline derivatives, medicaments containing said compounds, their utilization and method for the production thereof |
| WO2004069791A2 * | 3 Feb 2004 | 19 Aug 2004 | Hubert Gangolf Klemens Barth | Preparation of substituted quinazolines |
| US5760041 * | 21 Jan 1997 | 2 Jun 1998 | American Cyanamid Company | 4-aminoquinazoline EGFR Inhibitors |
Ozenoxacin in phase 3……topical formulation in the treatment of impetigo
1-cyclopropyl-8-methyl-7-[5-methyl-6-(methylamino)-3-pyridinyl]-4-oxo-1 ,4-dihydro-3- quinolinecarboxylic acid
1-cyclopropyl-8-methyl-7-{5-methyl-6-[(methylamino)methyl]-3-pyridyl}-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid.
Ferrer Internacional (Spain), phase 3 Gram-positive
Ferrer Internacional has completed one Phase III clinical trial to evaluate the topical formulation of ozenoxacin in the treatment of impetigo [
|
poster……http://landing.quotientbioresearch.com/blog/bid/50380/Ozenoxacin-Activity-against-Atypical-Bacteria
Ozenoxacin is active against a great number of pathogens, such as Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) including ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), Streptococcus pyogenes, Group G Streptococci, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Beta-lactamase positive Haemophilus influenzae, non-typeable strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Beta-lactamase positive Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitides, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus agalactiae group B, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., ciprofloxacin-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile, and Listeria monocytogenes.
Ozenoxacin is a novel non-fluorinated quinolone antibacterial agent. It is currently in late stage phase 3 trials for the topical treatment of impetigo. The bacterial action of ozenoxacin is through the dual inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity has been demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies against a broad range of bacterial organisms. This includes organisms with emerging resistance to quinolones. Phase I and II clinical trials have also shown that ozenoxacin is a safe and effective antibacterial agent. No evidence of adverse effects as linked to topically formulated halogenated quinolones has been shown.
Ozenoxacin (I) was firstly disclosed in US6335447, and equivalent patents. Its chemical name is 1-cyclopropyl-8-methyl-7-[5-methyl-6-(methylamino)-3-pyridinyl]-4-oxo-1 ,4-dihydro-3- quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its chemical formula is: H
Ozenoxacin (I)
Topical application of antimicrobial agents is a useful tool for therapy of skin and skin structures infections, sexually transmitted diseases and genital tract infections and some systemic infections susceptible to topical treatment. Topical antimicrobial therapy has several potential advantages compared with systemic therapy.
Firstly, it can avoid an unnecessary exposure of the gut flora which may exert selection for resistance. Secondly, it is expected that the high local drug concentration in topical application and the negligible systemic absorption should overwhelm many mutational resistances. Thirdly, topical applications are less likely than systemic therapy to cause side effects. Accordingly, some topical compositions comprising ozenoxacin have been reported in the art.
JP2002356426A discloses ointments and gels for skin. An ointment comprising ozenoxacin 1%, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 8%, propylene glycol 14.9%, oleic acid 0.9%, diisopropanolamine 2.3%, polyethylene glycol 400 20.2%, polyethylene glycol 4000 50.2%, and water 3.2% is reported in Example 2.
JP2003226643A discloses aqueous solutions comprising ozenoxacin, cyclodextrin, and a viscous agent.
EP1731138A1 discloses fine particle dispersion liquid comprising ozenoxacin to be used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions.
WO2007015453A1 discloses lotions comprising ozenoxacin.
JP2007119456A discloses aqueous suspensions containing nanoparticles and solution granules of ozenoxacin to be used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions. Ophthalmic solutions are mentioned preferably. A combined use of ozenoxacin, magnesium ions, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin specially for ophthalmic use is disclosed in Yamakawa, T. et al., Journal of Controlled Release (2003), 86(1 ), 101-103.
Semisolid topical compositions are useful alternatives to liquid compositions, because of their better manipulation and consequent patient preferences. However, in spite of the great diversity of components present in the semisolid compositions disclosed in the art, no quantitative stability studies are available for them.
Thus, there is a need of proved stable semisolid topical compositions comprising ozenoxacin as active ingredient, wherein microbiological and therapeutic activities are warranted because of demonstrated durable and prolonged pharmaceutical stability.
Synthesis
US6335447
http://www.google.co.in/patents/US6335447
EXAMPLE 5
To a solution of 0.80 g of 7-[6-({[(benzyloxy)-carbonyl] (methyl)amino}methyl)-5-methyl-3-pyrdyl]-1-cyclo-propyl-8-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid in 16 ml of acetic acid was added 0.20 g of 5% (w/w) palladium-carbon and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure for 2 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 3.8 ml of ethanol and 3.8 ml of water. After adding 3.8 ml of an aqueous 1 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution thereto and adjusting the solution to pH 5.5with 1 mol/l hydrochloric acid, 10 ml of chloroform was added thereto. An organic layer was separated and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Addition of diethyl ether to the obtained residue and filtration of crystals afforded 0.25 g of colorless crystals of 1-cyclopropyl-8-methyl-7-{5-methyl-6-[(methylamino)methyl]-3-pyridyl}-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid.
IR (KBr) cm−1: 3322, 1721; NMR(d1-TFA) δ: 1.2-1.9 (4H, m), 2.94 (3H, s), 3.05 (3H, s), 3.29 (3H, s), 4.6-5.0 (1H, m), 5.12 (2H, s), 7.91 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 8.6-9.0 (2H, m), 9.0-9.3 (1H, brs), 9.75 (1H, s). Melting point: 199° C.
- Ferrer Group. Key development projects. Available online: http://www.ferrergrupo.com/Innovation_Innovacion-Pipeline-de-proyectos-ENG (accessed on 15 April 2013).
- Yamakawa, T.; Mitsuyama, J.; Hayashi, K. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of T-3912, a novel non-fluorinated topical quinolone. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2002, 49, 455–465, doi:10.1093/jac/49.3.455.
- Ferrer Internacional. Efficacy and safety of ozenoxacin 1% cream versus placebo in the treatment of patients with impetigo. Available online: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01397461 (accessed on 13 April 2013).
