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FILIBUVIR

PFIZER

PF-868554 is an anti-hepatitis C drug candidate which had been in phase II clinical trials at Pfizer; however this research has been discontinued.

Li, H.; Tatlock, J.; Linton, A.; et al
Discovery of (R)-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-((5,7-dimethyl-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one (PF-00868554) as a potent and orally available hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
J Med Chem 2009, 52(5): 1255

Johnson, S.; Drowns, M.; Tatlock, J.; et al.
Synthetic route optimization of PF-00868554, an HCV polymerase inhibitor in clinical evaluation
Synlett (Stuttgart) 2010, 2010(5): 796

WO 2012016995

WO 2013101550

WO 2011072370

WO 2007023381

WO 2006018725

WO2003095441A1 *	7 mei 2003	20 nov 2003	Melwyn A Abreo	Inhibitors of hepatitis c virus rna-dependent rna polymerase, and compositions and treatments using the same
WO2006018725A1 *	5 aug 2005	23 feb 2006	Pfizer	Inhibitors of hepatitis c virus rna-dependent rna polymerase, and compositions and treatments using the same
US20050176701 *	19 nov 2003	11 aug 2005	Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Inhibitors of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and compositions and treatments using the sameWO2007023381A1

WO2007023381A1

Example 1 : Preparation of the glycolate salt of (5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methanol

glycolate salt

Glycolic acid (1 L, 70% in water, 11.51 mol) was added to a 5 L flask. To the solution was slowly added aminoguanidine bicarbonate (783.33 g, 5.755 mol) in portions to control significant bubbling. As solids are added, the solution cools due to endothermic dissolution. The solution was gently heated to maintain an internal temp of 25 °C during addition. Ten minutes after complete addition of aminoguanidine bicarbonate, cone. Nitric acid (6.8 ml_) was carefully added. The solution was heated to an internal temperature of 104-108 ⁰C (mild reflux) for 22 h. The heating was discontinued and the solution allowed to cool, with stirring. At an internal temp of aboutδi °C, solids began to crystallize. After the internal temperature was just below 80 ⁰C, ethanol (absolute, 375 mL) was slowly added to the mixture. After the internal temp had cooled to aboutδδ ⁰C₁the cooling was sped up by the use of an ice/water bath. After cooling below rt, the solution became very thick but remained stirrable at all times. The slurry was stirred for 2h at T<10 ⁰C, then filtered and the solids rinsed with ethanol (900 mL cold, then 250 mL rt). The solids were dried overnight in a vacuum oven (about25 mmHg, 45-50 ⁰C) to provide 815.80 g (75%) of (5-amino-1H-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methanol as the glycolate salt. ¹H (300 MHz, d_e-DMSO): 3.90 (s, 2), 4.24 (s, 2).

Example 2: Preparation of (5,7-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methanol

To a 2L, 3-neck flask was charged glycolate salt of (5-amino-1tf-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methanol (99.93 g, 0.526 mol), 2,4 pentanedione (0.578 mols, 60 mL), acetic acid (6.70 mL), and EtOH (550 mL). The mixture was heated to a slight reflux. One hour after adding the reagents, the resulting solution was cooled to ambient temperature, and CH₂CI₂ (500 mL) and Celite (25.03 g) were added. After stirring for 1 h, the mixture was filtered through a 4″ Buchner funnel packed with celite (20 g) and rinsed with EtOH (100 mL). The solution was distilled to 5 vols then cooled to 0 °C for 1-2 hours. The slurry was filtered and the cake was rinsed with cold EtOH (2×100 mL). The solids were dried to provide 76.67 g (81.7%) of the title compound.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, d₆-DMSO): 2.57 (s, 3), 2.71 (d, 3, J=0.8), 4.63 (uneven d, 2, J=5.7), 5.49

(t, 1 , J=6.2), 7.13 (d, 1 , J=0.8).

Example 3: Preparation of 5,7-dimethyl[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carbaldehyde

To a 10 L reactor was sequentially charged CH₂CI₂ (5.1 L)₁ (5,7- dimethyl[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methanol (680 g, 3.816 mol), and iodobenzene diacetate (1352 g, 4.197 mol). As the iodobenzene diacetate dissolves, there is a significant endotherm (typically down to 15-16 ⁰C). The jacket was set to 23 ⁰C. The mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and Tempo (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy, free radical, 43.75 g, 0.28 mol) added in a single charge. The reaction was stirred until 5% of the starting alcohol remained by HPLC. Once the starting material is adjudged to be less than about about5%, the over-oxidized product begins to be observed. Allowing the reaction to run to further completion leads to an overall diminished yield of the desired product. For this reaction, the desired reaction completion was reached in 2.75 h. MTBE (5.1 L) was then slowly charged to the reactor, causing the product to precipitate, and the slurry stirred for an additional 30 mins. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with 1 :1 DCM/MTBE (2 x 1 L), and dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 50 ⁰C to provide 500.3 g (74%) of 5,7- dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carbaldehyde as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, ds-DMSO): 2.64 (s, 3), 2.78 (d, 3, J=0.8), 7.36 (d, 1 , J=0.9), 10.13 (s, 1). Example 4: Preparation of the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of 1-cyclopentyl-3-(2,6- diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one

DMAC

L-DBTA NEt₃-HOTs + LiBr + NEt₃-HBr THF/MTBE

A nitrogen-purged, 5-L, 3-neck flask containing 4-bromo-2,6-diethylpyridine (250.0 g, 0.6472 mol) was sequentially charged with LiBr (112.42 g, 1.2944 mol), 1-cyclopentyl-prop-2- en-1-ol ( 89.84 g, 0.7119 mol), DMAc (625 mL), and H₂O (55.0 mL). The mixture was cooled to 5-10 ⁰C and was then purged (subsurface) with N₂ for 30 minutes. The flask was charged with Et₃N (198.5 mL, 1.4242 mol) and Pd(OaC)₂ (3.63 g, 0.0162 mol), followed by a careful purge of the headspace. The reaction was heated until the internal temperature reached 95 ⁰C. After stirring at 95 °C for three hours, an aliquot was removed and analyzed by HPLC, showing >99% conversion to 1-cyclopentyl-3-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one. The reaction was then cooled to 30 ⁰C over 20 min. The flask was charged with H₂O (1500 mL), and MTBE (1500 mL). The solution was stirred well for 5 minutes before the mixture was allowed to settle and the aqueous layer was removed. To the organic layer was charged Celite (62.5Og), and Darco G-60 (6.25g). The slurry was stirred for 20 minutes at 20-25 ⁰C. The slurry was then filtered using a Buchner funnel dressed with Celite. The filter cake was rinsed with MTBE (250 mL). The organic layer was extracted with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution (500 mL) and the phases separated. The organic layer was transferred to a 5 L, three-neck flask, and MTBE added to achieve a total reaction volume of 1750 mL. Additional MTBE (1500 mL) was added and atmospherically distilled until an internal volume of 1750 mL was reached. After cooling below 40 ⁰C, a sample was removed for analysis of water content. After cooling to 20-25 ⁰C, MTBE (250 mL) was added to bring the total volume to 2000 mL and the solution was seeded with crystals of the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of 1-cyclopentyl-3-(2,6- diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one (130 mg), which were prepared according to this procedure. A solution of dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid (231.89 g, 0.6472 mol) in THF (900 mL) was added over 25 minutes. The slurry was granulated for 1 hour, the mixture was filtered, and the cake rinsed with MTBE (450 mL). The solids were dried in a vacuum oven at 50 ⁰C for 12 h to provide 366.70 g (92% yield) of the title compound. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, d₆-DMSO): 1.19 (t, 6, J=7.6), 1.47-1.81 (m, 8), 2.73 (q, 4, J=7.6), 2.73-2.98 (m, 5), 5.86 (s, 2), 7.00 (S₁ 2), 7.55-7.63 (m, 4), 7.68-7.75 (m, 2), 7.98-8.04 (m, 4).

Example 5: Preparation of 3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A 3-L, 3-neck flask was charged with the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of 1- cyclopentyl-3-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one (174.95 g, 0.2832 mol), MTBE (875 mL), water (875 mL), and triethanolamine (113.0 mL, 0.8513 mol). After stirring for 2 h at rt, an aliquot of the aqueous phase was removed and analyzed by HPLC, showing no detectable starting material. The solution was transferred to a separatory funnel and the layers separated. The lower aqueous phase was discarded and the upper org. phase was washed with water (150 mL). The organic layer was added to a flask set up for distillation. The solution was distilled down to approx. 183 mL and an aliquot was removed and analyzed for water content. The dry solution of 1-cyclopentyl-3-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one (th. Wt = 73.47 g) in MTBE was used directly in the next step.

A clean 2-L, 3-neck flask was charged with LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 355 mL, 0.355 mol) and purged with nitrogen. The flask was cooled to -34 ⁰C. An addition funnel was then charged with EtOAc (35 mL, 0.3583 mol) and this reagent was slowly added to the reaction vessel at such a rate that the low temperature of the vessel could be maintained. After complete EtOAc addition another addition funnel was charged with the 1-cyclopentyl-3-(2,6- diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one solution (crude MTBE soln from prior reaction, theor. 73.47 g, 0.2832 mol) and rinsed over with THF (anhydrous, 5 ml_). The 1-cyclopentyl-3-(2,6- diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one solution was slowly added to the reaction flask at such a rate that the low internal temperature could be maintained. Five minutes after complete addition, a reaction aliquot was removed and analyzed by HPLC, showing less than 1% 1-cyclopentyl-3- (2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one. Ten minutes after complete ketone addition, the bath was switched to O ⁰C. Once the internal temperature had warmed to -10 ⁰C, 1 M NaOH (510 mL) was added. After complete NaOH soln addition, the reaction was heated to 50 ⁰C. After 21 hours the reaction solution was cooled below 30 ⁰C and an aliquot of both layers was removed and analyzed for completion. The mixture was added to a separatory funnel with MTBE (350 mL) and the phases were mixed well and separated. An aliquot of the organic phase was analyzed by HPLC, verifying no significant product, and this layer was discarded. The aqueous phase was added to a flask with CH₂CI₂(350 mL). Concentrated aqueous HCI (about 100 mL) was slowly added to the aqueous phase until the pH = 5. The mixture was added back to a separatory funnel and mixed well. The phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted a second time with CH₂CI₂ (150 mL). The organic layers were combined and charged to a clean flask set up for distillation. The solution was distilled down to 370 mL then displaced with THF by addition of solvent portions followed by continued distillation down to 370 mL after each addition. When the distillation head temp, held steady at 65 °C for 30 min an aliquot was removed and analyzed by ¹H NMR, showing a 12.5:1 ratio of THF:CH₂CI₂. The solution of 3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid in THF was used directly in the next step.

Example 6a: Preparation of the (1R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanedioI salt of ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A 2-L, 3-neck flask was sequentially charged with a solution of 3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6- diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (crude from last step, theoretical 95.28 g, 0.1792 mol, in about300 mL), (1 R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-propanediol (38.03 g, 0.1792 moles) and THF (415 mL). A seed crystal of the (1R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3- propanediol salt of ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid, prepared according to this procedure, was added and the mixture was stirred and heated to 65 ⁰C, then held at this temperature for 16 h. The slurry was cooled slowly to rt and stirred for at least 1 h. The slurry was filtered and the cake rinsed with THF (100 mL). The filtrate (solution of (S)-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid in THF) was used directly in the next procedure. The solids were dried to provide 67.09 g (42 %) of the (1R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-propanediol salt of ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6- diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid as an off-white crystalline solid. Chiral HPLC analysis of the product showed a 92.1:7.9 ratio of the (1R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)- 1 ,3-propanediol salt of ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid to (S)-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid. HPLC conditions: The solid was dissolved in methanol. HPLC conditions: Chirobiotic TAG column, 4.6 x 250 mm, 40 ⁰C column chamber, flow rate = 0.5 mL/min, mobile phase = 100% MeOH (0.05% TEA, 0.05% HOAc). Gradient: Initial flow rate = 0.5 mL/min; 10 min flow rate = 0.5 mL/min; 10.10 min flow rate = 2.00 mL/min; 35 min flow rate = 2.00 mL/min; 36 min flow rate = 0.5 mLΛnin. Percentages reported are at 265 nm. Retention times: (1 R,2R)-(-)-2- amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-propanediol = >30 min; (S)-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4- yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid = 5.8 min; ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3- hydroxypentanoic acid = 7.2 min. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, d₆-DMSO): 1.19 (t, 6, J=7.6), 1.38-1.62 (m, 8), 1.65-1.75 (m, 2), 1.93-2.07 (m, 1), 2.23 (d, 1 , J=14.4), 2.31 (d, 1 , J=14.4), 2.56 (m, 2), 2.64 (q, 4, J=7.6), 2.91-2.99 (m, 1), 3.22 (dd, 1 , J=5.8, 11.1), 3.42 (dd, 1 , J=4.8, 11.1), 4.77 (d, 1 , J=6.2), 6.0 (br s, 6), 6.84 (s, 2), 7.62 (d, 2, J=8.7), 8.20 (d, 2, J=8.8). Example 6b: Recrystallization of the (1R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3- propanediol salt of ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A 2-L, 3-neck flask was charged with the (1R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3- propanediol salt of ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (66.20 g, 0.1245 moles) and 2B EtOH (970 mL absolute EtOH + 5 mL toluene). The slurry was stirred and heated to reflux. After holding at reflux for 40 min, all the solids had dissolved and the solution was cooled to an internal temp of about 65 ⁰C over 30 min, and the solution was then seeded with crystals of the title compound. The solution was allowed to cool to 50 ⁰C and held for an additional 2h. The solution was then cooled slowly to room temperature over about 2 hours. The cooled solution was stirred at rt for an additional 10 h. The mixture was then filtered and the solids rinsed with 2B EtOH (75 mL). The solids were dried to provide 52.72 g (80%) of product as an off-white crystalline solid that was then dried under vacuum (30 mm Hg) with a nitrogen bleed at 50 ⁰C for 12 h. Chiral HPLC analysis showed product with 96% ee. For determination of e.e., the solid was dissolved in MeOH. HPLC conditions: Chirobiotic TAG column, 4.6 x 250 mm, 40 ⁰C column chamber, flow rate = 0.5 ml_/min, 100% MeOH (0.05% TEA, 0.05% HOAc). Gradient: Initial flow rate = 0.5 mL/min; 10 min flow rate = 0.5 mL/min; 10.10 min flow rate = 2.00 mL/min; 35 min flow rate = 2.00 mL/min; 36 min flow rate = 0.5 mL/min. Percentages reported are at 265 nm. Retention times: (1 R,2R)-(-)-2- amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-propanediol = >30 min, (S)-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4- yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid = 5.8 min, ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3- hydroxypentanoic acid = 7.2 min.

Example 7: Preparation of 1-cyclopentyl-3-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one from (S)-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A flask was charged with a solution of (S)-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3- hydroxypentanoic acid (crude from last step, theoretical 15 g, 0.0470 mol, in about 200 mL THF) and ethanol (100 ml_, 1.7126 mol). To the solution, H₂SO₄ (5.0 ml_, 0.0938 mol) was added slowly. The solution was heated at reflux for 18 h. When the reaction was judged to be complete by HPLC, the solution was cooled and added to a separatory funnel with 0.5M NaOH (400 mL) and then extracted with MTBE (200 mL). The phases were separated and the organic layer was washed with aqueous acetic acid H₂O (100 mL H₂O + 3.0 mL HOAc). The phases were separated and the organic layer was washed with 0.5 M NaOH (100 mL). The phases were separated and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCI solution (25 mL). The organic layer was distilled at atmospheric pressure down to an internal volume of 150 mL. The solvent was displaced by toluene via atmospheric distillation by adding toluene (100 mL), distilling down to 200 mL internal volume, and repeating this procedure two more times. The final solution was distilled down to an internal volume of 130 mL. An aliquot was removed and analyzed by KF titration. The solution was cooled to rt and a solution of KotBu (1.0M in THF, 4.7 mL, 0.0047 mol) was added in one portion. After 5 min, an aliquot was removed and analyzed by HPLC. The solution was added to a separatory funnel with 1M HCI (60 mL). The phases were mixed well and separated, transferring the product to the aqueous phase. The organic phase was extracted once with water (10 mL) and the aqueous phases combined. The organic phase was discarded. To the aqueous phase was added MTBE (60 mL) and 1 M NaOH (70 mL) and the phases mixed well. The phases were separated and the organic phase extracted with saturated aqueous NaCI solution (25 mL). MTBE was added to bring the volume up to 125 mL. The solution was cooled to rt and seeded with crystals of the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of 1-cyclopentyl-3-(2,6-diethylpyridin- 4-yl)propan-1-one (prepared according to Example 4). In a separate vessel, L-DBTA (16.89 g, 0.0471 mol) was dissolved in THF (65 ml_). The solution of L-DBTA was added to the 1- cyclopentyl-3-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one solution over 45 min, and the slurry granulated for 1 h. The slurry was filtered and the cake washed with MTBE (50 mL). The solids were dried to provide 19.54 g of the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of 1-cyclopentyl-3- (2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)propan-1-one (67 %) as an off-white solid. Example 8a: Preparation of the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2- (2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one

i. CDI, DWIAP O O

Ii. KO-^^OEt MgCI2

Example 8b: Preparation of the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2- (2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one

A nitrogen-purged flask containing the (1 R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-propanediol salt of ®-3-cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (50.00 g, 0.0940 mol) was charged with CH₂CI₂ (500 mL) and H₂O (250 mL). The pH of the resulting suspension was adjusted to pH 4.6 to 4.8 (a measured pH of 4.75 is preferred) with 40% aqueous citric acid (21 mL) and was stirred for 30 minutes. The layers were allowed to settle for 30 minutes and separated. The upper (aqueous) layer was charged with CH₂CI₂ (100 mL), stirred 15 minutes, and allowed to settle. The organic layer was combined with the first organic layer. The upper (aqueous) layer was again charged with CH₂CI₂ (100 mL), stirred 15 minutes, and allowed to settle. This organic layer was also combined with the first organic layer. A sample of each of the combined organic layers and the aqueous layer was taken for HPLC analysis. The combined organic layers were atmospherically distilled until a total volume of 120 mL was reached. THF (100 mL) was charged and atmospheric distillation continued until a total volume of 120 mL was reached. The THF charge and displacement was repeated 3 times. A sample was removed and analyzed by NMR and KF. The resulting solution was added to a slurry of CDI (22.86 g, 0.1410 mol) and DMAP (1.15 g, 0.0094 mol) in THF (250 mL) over 15 minutes. The addition funnel was then rinsed with 10 mL THF which was then added to the CDI slurry. After stirring 15 minutes, a sample was removed and analyzed by HPLC. Upon complete acyl-imidazole formation, the solution was added to a slurry of potassium ethyl malonate (32.00 g, 0.1880 mol) and magnesium chloride (18.80 g, 0.1974 mol) in 250 mL THF at 20-25 ⁰C over 25 minutes. The slurry was allowed to stir at 20-25 ⁰C for 21 hours. An aliquot was removed and analyzed by HPLC, showing 96% conversion to ®- ethyl 5-cyclopentyl-7-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoate. The flask was charged with H₂O (162 mL), and MTBE (300 mL). The mixture was stirred well for 5 minutes before it was allowed to settle and the yellow aqueous (lower) layer was removed. To the organic layer was charged brine (100 mL). The mixture was stirred well for 5 minutes before it was allowed to settle and the aqueous (lower) layer was removed. The organic layer was then atmospherically distilled down to 350 mL total volume. MTBE (250 mL) was charged and the solution distilled to 350 mL total volume. Additional MTBE (250 mL) was charged and the solution distilled at a temperature of at least 55 ⁰C to 350 mL total volume. A sample was removed for KF titration. Methanol (250 mL) was charged and the solution was then atmospherically distilled until a total volume of 350 mL was achieved. Methanol (250 mL) was charged and then the solution was atmospherically distilled until a total volume of 350 mL was achieved and a temperature of ~66 ⁰C was achieved. Powdered potassium carbonate (19.49 g, 0.1410 mol) was added and the slurry heated to reflux for 4 hours. A sample was removed for HPLC analysis showing >99% completion. After cooling to 22 ⁰C, MTBE (350 mL) and water (350 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred well for 5 minutes before it was allowed to settle and the product rich aqueous (lower) layer was isolated. The organic layer was extracted with water (100 mL) and the aqueous layers were combined. To the combined aqueous layers was charged MTBE (100 mL). The mixture was stirred well for 5 minutes before it was allowed to settle and the product rich aqueous (lower) layer was isolated. CH₂CI₂ (350 mL) was added to the aqueous layer and the pH adjusted to 6.0-6.4 with 40% aqueous citric acid (75 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted a second time with CH₂CI₂ (100 mL). The combined organic layers were then atmospherically distilled to 250 mL total volume. MTBE (400 mL) was charged and the solution was atmospherically distilled at a temperature of at least 55 ⁰C until 250 mL final volume was reached. After cooling the solution to 20-25 ⁰C, a prepared solution of dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid (23.58 g, 0.0658 mol) in MTBE (125 mL) was added over 10 minutes. The resulting slurry was heated to reflux for 4 hours, then allowed to cool to 20-25 ⁰C and stirred an additional 4 hours. The slurry was filtered, and the cake rinsed with MTBE (125 mL). The solids were dried in a vacuum oven at 50 ⁰C for 12 h to provide 38.19 g (58%) of the title compound. HPLC conditions: aliquots were withdrawn and dissolved in CH₃CN/H₂O (40:60). HPLC conditions: Kromasil C4 column, 5 μm, 4.6x150mm, 40 ⁰C column chamber, flow rate= 1.0 mL/min, 40% CHsCN/60% aqueous (1.OmL 70% HcIO₄ in 1 L H₂O) isocratic. Percentages reported are at 254 nm. Approximate retention times: ®-3- cyclopentyl-5-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid = 3.4 min; ©-ethyl 5- cyclopentyl-7-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoate = 7.3 min; ®-6-cyclopentyl- 3-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one = 3.9 min; D-DBTA = 5.5 min. Example 9a: Preparation of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-((5,7- dimethyl-ri^.^triazoloII.S-alpyrimidini-Z-yOmethylH-hydroxy-S.e-clihyclropyran^-one

BHe-pyridine

A flask was charged with the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2- (2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one (this material contained 1.5 eq DBTA counterion, 4.00 g, theor. 0.00454 mol), 2-MeTHF (40 ttiL), MTBE (40 mL), and water (20 mL). A solution of 5% aq NaHCO₃ (about 20 mL) was added until the pH was 7.4. The solution pH was back-adjusted to pH = 7.2 with a small amount of 40% citric acid solution. The phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 2-MeTHF (25 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to an oil. The oil was used directly in the subsequent condensation. To the crude ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6- diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one was added methanol (32 mL) and the solution cooled to -40 ⁰C. To the cold solution was added pyridine-borane complex (1.30 mL, 0.01287 mol) and 5,7-dimethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carbaldehyde (1.41 g, 0.00800 mol). The solution was warmed to 0 ⁰C over 45 min then stirred for an additional 2 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of water (10 mL) and the mixture stirred at rt overnight. To the mixture was added 1M HCI (10 mL), and the solution was stirred for 3 h. lsopropyl acetate (57 mL) was added and the pH adjusted to 7 by the addition of 1 M NaOH. The phases were separated and the organic layer extracted with water (25 mL x 2). The aqueous phases were extracted further with CH₂CI₂ (100 ml, 2 x 25 mL). The combined IPAc and CH₂CI₂ layers were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered, and concentrated to yield 3.41 g of crude ®-6- cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-((5,7-dimethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin-2- yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one. To the residue was added isopropyl acetate (46 mL) and EtOH (2.5 mL) and the mixture heated to reflux until homogeneous. The solution was allowed to cool slowly to rt and stirred overnight. The slurry was filtered, the solids rinsed with IPAc (13 mL), and dried to provide 1.74 g (76 %) of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6- diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-((5J-dirnethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-

5,6-dihydropyran-2-one as an off-white solid.

Example 9b: Preparation of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-((5,7- dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolot1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one

A 500 mL flask was charged with the dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid salt of ®-6-cyclopentyl-

6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one (15.00 g, 0.02137 moles), THF (75 mL), MeOH (75 mL), pyridine-borane (4.25 mL, 0.034 moles), and 5,7- dimethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carbaldehyde (5.65 g, 0.03207 moles) was added last. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt and an aliquot was removed after 1.25 h and analyzed by HPLC showing 13.5% ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-4- hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one. Stirring was continued for an additional 2 h, and HPLC analysis of an aliquot then showed 4.8% of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-

4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one remaining. The reaction solution was charged with CH₂CI₂

(150 mL) and water (150 mL), and the phases were stirred overnight. The lower organic layer was removed and to the upper aqueous layer was charged CH₂CI₂ (25 mL), the phases were mixed well and separated and the aqueous layer was discarded. The organic layers were combined and charged to a flask containing water (150 mL) and triethanolamine (7.1 mL,

0.0535 mol), mixed well then separated. The lower organic layer was removed and to the upper aqueous layer was charged CH₂CI₂ (25 mL), the phases were mixed well, separated, and the aqueous layer was discarded. To the combined organic layers was charged water

(100 mL) and 1M NaOH (25 mL), the phases were mixed well, separated, and the lower organic layer was discarded. To the upper aqueous layer was charged CH₂CI₂ (75 mL) and

1N HCI was added until the pH=6.91 (~25 mL added), the phases were mixed well, separated, and the aqueous layer was discarded. The combined organic layers were extracted with water (3.2 volumes). The layers were separated and the organic layer was transferred to a

;lean flask marked with a 75 mL volume line. The organic layer was distilled atmospherically

0 75 mL. To the flask was charged isopropyl acetate (75 mL x 2) followed by distillation down

0 75 mL total volume after each addition. The flask was seeded and cooled to rt and stirred

)vemight. The reaction was filtered and the cake was washed with isopropyl acetate (25 ml).

^“he solids were dried to provide 7.20 g (67%) of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-

‘l)ethyl)-3-((5,7-dimethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6- lihydropyran-2-one as an off-white powder, which was dried in a vacuum oven (~25 inHg at

0 ⁰C) for 12 h. For HPLC monitoring, aliquots were withdrawn and dissolved in CH₃CN/H₂O

1-0:60). HPLC conditions: Kromasil C4 column, 5 μm, 4.6×150 mm, 40 ⁰C column chamber, ow rate= 1.0 mL/min, 40% CH₃CN/60% aqueous (1.0 mL 70% HcIO₄ in 1L H₂O) isocratic.

‘ercentages reported are at 254 nm. Retention times: ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6- iethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one = 3.85 min; ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2- (2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-((5,7-dimethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4- hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one = 3.56 min; DBTA= 5.14 min; BH₃ ^«pyr=3.36 min.

Example 10: Recrystallization of ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-

((5,7-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2- one

A 200 mL flask was charged with ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3- ((5,7-dimethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one (10.05 g, 0.01995 mol) and THF (70 mL). The mixture was stirred and heated to 30 to 35 ⁰C to provide a homogeneous solution. The solution was filtered through a 0.45 μm Teflon filter, and rinsed with THF (10 mL). The filtrate was added to a flask set up for atmospheric distillation and isopropyl acetate (IPAC, 50 mL) was added. The solution was concentrated by distillation to an internal volume of 100 mL. Isopropyl acetate (50 mL) was added and distillation continued at atmospheric pressure until the internal volume reached 100 mL. The solution was seeded with ®-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-((5,7-dimethyl- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one and additional IPAC (30 mL) was added. The solution was again distilled to an internal volume of 100 mL and was cooled over about 1 h to 50 ⁰C. The solution was held at 50 ⁰C for an additional 1.5 h, cooled over about 2 h to rt, and stirred overnight. The resulting slurry was filtered and rinsed with IPAC (30 mL). The resulting solids were dried to provide 9.41 g (94%) of the title compound as an off-white powder that was vacuum dried (~25 in Hg, 50 ⁰C) for 12 h.

CAS	877130-28-4
	FILIBUVIR

	(R)-6-Cyclopentyl-6-[2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl]-3-[(5,7-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl]-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one
	Filibuvir;Pf-00868554;Unii-198J479Y2l;(6R)-6-Cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-3-((5,7-dimethyl(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-A)pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one;(R)-6-Cyclopentyl-6-[2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl]-3-[(5,7-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl]-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one;2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethyl-4-pyridinyl)ethyl)-3-((5,7-dimethyl(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-A)pyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-, (6R)-

MF	C29H37N5O3
MW	503.64

ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

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Medicinal Chemistry International: NARLAPREVIR

December 30, 2013 1:08 am / Leave a comment

Medicinal Chemistry International: NARLAPREVIR

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NARLAPREVIR

An antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease.

M.Wt: 707.96
Formula: C36H61N5O7S

CAS No.: 865466-24-6

SCH 900518;SCH900518;SCH-900518

3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxamide, N-[(1S)-1-[2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-
oxoacetyl]pentyl]-3-[(2S)-2-[[[[1-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)sulfonyl]methyl]cyclohexyl]
amino]carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl]-6,6-dimethyl-, (1R,2S,5S)-

2. (1R,2S,5S)-N-{(1S)-1-[2-(cyclopropylamino)-2-oxoacetyl]pentyl}-3-[(2S)-2-{[(1-{[(1,1-
dimethylethyl)sulfonyl]methyl}cyclohexyl)carbamoyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]-6,6-
dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxamide

3. (1R,2S,5S)-3-{N-[({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}amino)carbonyl]-3-methyl-L-
valyl}-N-{(1S)-1-[(cyclopropylamino)(oxo)acetyl]pentyl}-6,6-dimethyl-3-
azabicyco[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxamide

Narlaprevir is a potent, Second Generation HCV NS3 Serine Protease Inhibitor.Narlaprevir is useful for Antiviral

Merck & Co. (Originator)

SCH-900518 had been in phase II clinical trials by Merck & Co. for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C; however, no recent development has been reported for this indication.

A potent oral inhibitor of HCV NS3 protease, SCH-900518 disrupts hepatitis C virus (HCV) polyprotein processing. When added to the current standard of care (SOC), peginterferon-alfa plus ribavirin, SCH-900518 is likely to increase the proportion of patients achieving undetectable HCV-RNA levels and sustained virologic response (SVR).

In 2012, the product was licensed by Merck & Co. to R-Pharm in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) for the development and commercialization as treatment of hepatitis C (HCV)

PATENTS

WO 2011014494

WO 2010068714

(1 R,5S)-N-[1 (S)-[2-(cyclopropylamino)-1 ,2-dioxoethyl]pentyl]-3-[2(S)- [[[[1-[[1.¹-di^methylethyl)sulfonyl]methyl]cyclohexyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]-3,3- dimethyl-1-oxobutyl]-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2(S)-carboxamide.

Identification of any publication in this section or any section of this application is not an admission that such publication is prior art to the present invention.

The compound of Formula I is generically and specifically disclosed in

Published U.S. Patent No.2007/0042968, published February 22, 2007 (the ‘968 publication), incorporated herein by reference.

Processes suitable for making the compound of Formula I are generally described in the ‘968 publication. In particular, the ‘968 publication discusses preparing a sulfone carbamate compound, for example, the compound of Formula 837 comprising a cyclic sulfone substituent (paragraphs [0395] through [0403]). The following reaction scheme describes the procedure:

The process disclosed in the ‘968 publication produces the intermediate alcohol in step S7 as a mixture of diastereomers at the hydroxyl group; while this chiral center is lost in the final step of the disclosed process, the alcohol intermediate as a mixture of isomers cannot be crystallized and required a volumetrically inefficient precipitative isolation that did not remove any impurities

,………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

WO2011014494A1

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

US20120178942

Preparation of Compound VIJ

LDA was made by slowly charging n-butyl lithium (2.5 M, 159 kg) to diisopropyl amine (60 kg) dissolved in THF (252 kg), keeping the temperature at about −20° C., followed by agitation at this temperature for about 30 min. To this solution was charged cyclohexane carboxylic acid, methyl ester (70 kg), keeping the temperature below −10° C. The mixture was agitated at this temperature for about 2 h. To the resulting enolate was charged TMSCI (64.4 kg). The mixture was agitated at −10 to −20° C. for about 30 min, and then heated to about 25° C. and held at this temperature to allow for conversion to the silylenol ether Compound VIH. The reaction mixture was solvent exchanged to n-heptane under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 50° C., resulting in the precipitation of solids. The solids were filtered and washed with n-heptane, and the wash was combined with the n-heptane reaction mixture. The n-heptane mixture of Compound VIH was concentrated under vacuum and diluted with CH₂Cl₂.

In a separate reactor was charged CH₂Cl₂(461 kg) and anhydrous ZnBr₂(14.5 kg). The temperature of the zinc slurry was adjusted to about 20° C. To the zinc slurry was simultaneously charged the solution of Compound VIH and 2-chloromethylsulfanyl-2-methyl-propane (63.1 kg, ref: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett, 1996, 6, 2053-2058), keeping the temperature below 45° C. After complete addition, the mixture was agitated for about 1.5 h at 35 to 45° C., after which the reaction mixture was cooled to 10 to 15° C. A solution of dilute aqueous HCl was then charged, keeping the temperature between 0 and 15° C., followed by a separation of the aqueous and organic layers (desired compound in organic layer). The organic layer was washed with aqueous NaHCO₃and water. The organic layer was solvent exchanged to methanol by vacuum distillation, keeping the temperature below 35° C., and kept as a solution in methanol for further processing to Compound VIK. Active Yield of Compound VIJ=69.7 kg (molar yield=57.9%).

Preparation of Compound VIK

To a fresh reactor was charged Compound VIJ (99.8 kg active in a methanol solution), water (270 kg), NaOH (70 kg), and methanol (603 kg). The mixture was heated to −70° C. and agitated at this temperature for about 16 h. Upon conversion to the sodium salt of Compound VIK, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 55° C., and then cooled to about 25° C. Water and MTBE were then charged, agitiated, and the layers were separated (product in the aqueous layer). The product-containing aqueous layer was further washed with MTBE.

CH₂Cl₂was charged to the aqueous layer and the temperature was adjusted to ˜10° C. The resultant mixture was acidified to a pH of about 1.5 with HCl, agitated, settled, and separated (the compound was in the organic layer). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, and the combined organic layers were stored as a CH₂Cl₂solution for further processing to Compound VID. Active yield of Compound VIK=92.7 kg (molar yield=98.5 kg). MS Calculated: 230.13; MS Found (ES−, M−H): 229.11.

Preparation of Compound VID

To a reactor was charged water (952 kg), Oxone® (92.7 kg), and Compound VIK (92.7 kg active as a solution in CH₂Cl₂). The reaction mixture was agitated for about 24 h at a temperature of about 15° C., during which time Compound VIK oxidized to sulfone Compound VID. The excess Oxone® was quenched with aqueous Na₂S₂O₅, the reaction mixture was settled and the layers separated; the aqueous layer was back-extracted with CH₂Cl₂, and the combined product-containing organic layers were washed with water.

The resultant solution was then concentrated under vacuum. To precipitate Compound VID, n-heptane was charged, and the resulting slurry was agitated for about 60 min at a temperature of about 30° C. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the wet cake was washed with n-heptane. The wet cake was redissolved in CH₂Cl₂, followed by the addition of n-heptane. The resultant solution was then concentrated under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 35° C., to allow for product precipitation. The resultant solution was cooled to about 0° C. and agitated at this temperature for about 1 h. The solution was filtered, the wet cake was washed with n-heptane, and dried under vacuum at about 45° C. to yield 68.7 kg Compound VID (molar yield=65.7%). MS Calculated: 262.37; MS Found (ES−, M−H): 261.09

Preparation of Compound VI

To a reactor was charged Compound VID (68.4 kg), toluene (531 kg), and Et₃N (31 kg). The reaction mixture was atmospherically refluxed under Dean-Stark conditions to remove water (target KF <0.05%). The reaction temperature was adjusted to 80° C., DPPA (73.4 kg) was charged over 7 h, and the mixture was agitated for an additional 2 h. After conversion to isocyanate Compound VIE via the azide, the reaction mixture was cooled to about 0 to 5° C. and quenched with aqueous NaHCO₃. The resultant mixture was agitated, settled and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with toluene, and the combined isocyante Compound VIE organic layers were washed with water.

In a separate vessel was charged L-tert- Leucine (L-Tle, 30.8 kg), water (270 kg), and Et₃N (60 kg). While keeping the temperature at about 5° C., the toluene solution of Compound VIE was transferred to the solution of L-Tle. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 to 5° C. for about 5 h, at which time the mixture was heated to 15 to 20° C. and agitated at this temperature for 2 h to allow for conversion to urea Compound VI.

The reaction was quenched by the addition of aqueous NaOH, keeping the temperature between 0 and 25° C. The reaction mixture was separated, and the organic layer was extracted with water. The combined Compound VI-containing aqueous layers were washed with toluene, and acidified to pH 2 by the addition of HCl, at which time the product precipitated from solution. The reaction mixture was filtered, washed with water and dried under vacuum at 65 to 70° C. to yield 79.7 kg crude Compound VI (molar yield 52.7%). MS Calculated: 390.54; MS Found (ES−, M−H): 389.20.

Compound VI is further purified by slurrying in CH₃CN at reflux (about 80° C.), followed by cooling to RT. Typical recovery is 94%, with an increase in purity from about 80% to 99%.

Preparation of Compound Va

To a reactor was charged Compound VI (87.6 kg), Compound VII-1 (48.2 kg), HOBt (6 kg) and CH₃CN (615 kg). The reaction mixture was cooled to about 5° C., and NMM (35 kg) and EDCi (53.4 kg) were charged. The reaction was heated to 20 to 25° C. for about 1 h, and then to 35 to 40° C., at which time water was charged to crystallize Compound Va. The reaction mixture was cooled to 5° C. and held at this temperature for about 4 h. Compound Va was filtered and washed with water. XRD data for the hydrated polymorph of Va is as follows:

The Compound Va wet cake was charged to a fresh vessel and was dissolved in ethyl acetate at 25 to 30° C. The solution was washed with an aqueous HCl solution, aqueous K₂CO₃solution, and brine. The solution was then concentrated under vacuum, keeping the temperature between 35 to 50° C. Additional ethyl acetate was charged, and the solution was heated to 65 to 70° C. While keeping the temperature at 65 to 70° C., n-heptane was charged, followed by cooling the resultant solution to 0 to 5° C. Compound Va was filtered and washed with an ethyl acetate/n-heptane mix.

The wet cake was dried under vacuum between 55 to 60° C. to yield 96.6 kg crystalline Compound Va (molar yield 79.2%). MS Calculated: 541.32; MS Found (ES+, M+H): 542.35.

Preparation of Compound IUB

Pyridine (92 L) was charged to the reactor and was cooled to 5° C. To the cooled pyridine was slowly charged malonic acid (48.5 kg) and valeraldehyde (59 L), keeping the temperature below 25° C. The reaction was stirred between 25 to 35° C. for at least 60 h. After this time, H₂SO₄was charged to acidify, keeping the temperature below 30° C. The reaction mixture was then extracted into MTBE. The organic layer was washed with water. In a separate reactor was charged water and NaOH. The MTBE solution was charged to the NaOH solution, keeping the temperature below 25° C., and the desired material was extracted into the basic layer. The basic layer was separated and the organic layer was discarded. MTBE was charged, the mixture was agitated, settled, and separated, and the organic layer was discarded. To the resultant solution (aqueous layer) was charged water and H₂SO₄to acidify, keeping the temperature between 10 to 15° C. To the acidified mixture was charged MTBE, keeping the temperature below 25° C. The resultant solution was agitated, settled, and separated, and the aqueous layer was discarded. The product-containing organic layer was washed with water and was concentrated under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 70° C., to yield 45.4 kg Compound IIIB (molar yield=76.2%) as an oil. Compound Reference: Concellon, J. M.; Concellon, C J. Org. Chem., 2006, 71, 1728-1731

Preparation of Compound IIIC

To a pressure vessel was charged Compound IIIB (9.1 kg), heptane (9 L), and H₂SO₄(0.5 kg). The pressure vessel was sealed and isobutylene (13.7 kg) was charged, keeping the temperature between 19 to 25° C. The reaction mixture was agitated at this temperature for about 18 h. The pressure was released, and a solution of K₂CO₃was charged to the reaction mixture, which was agitated and settled, and the bottom aqueous layer was then separated. The resultant organic solution was washed with water and distilled under vacuum (temp below 45° C.) to yield 13.5 kg Compound IIIC (molar yield=88.3%) as a yellow oil.

Preparation of Compound IIID

To a reactor capable of maintaining a temperature of −60° C. was charged (S)-benzyl-1-phenyl ethylamine (18 kg) and THF (75 L). The reaction mixture was cooled to −60° C. To the mixture was charged n-hexyl lithium (42 L of 2.3 M in heptane) while maintaining a temperature of −65 to −55° C., followed by a 30 min agitation within this temperature range. To the in situ-formed lithium amide was charged Compound IIIC over 1 h, keeping the temperature between −65 to −55° C. . The reaction mixture was agitated at this temperature for 30 min to allow for conversion to the enolate intermediate. To the resultant reaction mixture was charged (+)-camphorsulfonyl oxaziridine (24 kg) as a solid, over a period of 2 h, keeping the temperature between −65 to −55° C. . The mixture was agitated at this temperature for 4 h.

The resultant reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of acetic acid (8 kg), keeping the temperature between −60 to −40° C. The mixture was warmed to 20 to 25° C., then charged into a separate reactor containing heptane. The resultant mixture was concentrated under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 35° C. Heptane and water were charged to the reaction mixture, and the precipitated solids were removed by filtration (the desired compound is in the supernatant). The cake was washed with heptane and this wash was combined with the supernatant. The heptane/water solution was agitated, settled, and separated to remove the aqueous layer. An aqueous solution of H₂SO₄was charged, and the mixture was agitated, settled, and separated. The heptane layer was washed with a solution of K₂CO₃.

The heptane layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, keeping the temperature below 45° C., and the resulting oil was diluted in toluene, yielding 27.1 kg (active) of Compound IIID (molar yield=81.0%). MS Calculated: 411.28; MS Found (ES+, M+H): 412.22.

A similar procedure for this step was reported in: Beevers, R, et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2002, 12, 641-643.

Preparation of Compound IDE

Toluene (324 L) and a toluene solution of Compound IIID (54.2 kg active) was charged to the reactor. TFA (86.8 kg) was charged over about 1.5 h, keeping the temperature below 50° C. The reaction mixture was agitated for 24 h at 50° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 15° C. and water was charged. NaOH was slowly charged, keeping the temperature below 20° C., to adjust the batch to a pH between 5.0 and 6.0. The reaction mixture was agitated, settled, and separated; the aqueous layer was discarded. The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 40° C., and the resulting acid intermediate (an oil), was dissolved in 2-MeTHF.

In a separate reactor, 2-MeTHF (250 L), HOBt (35.2 kg), and EDCi-HCl (38.0 kg) were charged and the mixture was adjusted to a temperature between 0 to 10° C. DIPEA (27.2 kg) was charged, keeping the mixture within this temperature range. The mixture was agitated for 5 min, followed by the addition of cyclopropyl amine (11.4 kg), keeping the temperature between 0 to 10° C.

To this solution was charged the 2-MeTHF/ acid intermediate solution, keeping the resultant solution between 0 to 10° C. The resultant mixture was heated to 25 to 35° C., and was agitated at this temperature for about 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to about 20° C., and was washed with aqueous citric acid, aqueous K₂CO₃, and water. The solvent was exchanged to n-heptane, and the desired compound was crystallized from a mix of n-heptane and toluene by cooling to 0° C. The crystalline product was filtered, washed with n-heptane, and dried to yield 37.1 kg Compound IIIE (molar yield=70.7%). MS Calculated: 394.26; MS Found (ES+, M+H): 395.22.

Preparation of Compound III

To a pressure reactor was charged acetic acid (1.1 kg), methanol (55 kg), and Compound IIIE (10.9 kg). In a separate vessel, Pd/C (50% water wet, 0.5 kg) was suspended in methanol (5 kg). The Pd/C suspension was transferred to the solution containing Compound IIIE. The resultant mixture was pressurized to 80 psi with hydrogen, and agitated at 60° C. for 7 h. The reaction mixture was then purged with nitrogen, and the Pd/C catalyst was filtered off. The resultant solution was concentrated under vacuum and adjusted to about 20° C. MTBE was charged, and the resultant solution was brought to reflux. Concentrated HCl (3 L) was charged and the product was crystallized by cooling the reaction mixture to about 3° C. The desired compound was filtered, washed with MTBE, and dried under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 40° C. to yield 5.5 kg Compound III (molar yield=83.0%). MS Calculated (free base): 200.15; MS Found (ES+, M+H): 201.12.

Preparation of Compound II

Compound Va (119.3 kg) was dissolved in 2-MeTHF (720 kg) and water (180 kg). To this solution was charged 50% NaOH (21.4 kg) while maintaining a temperature between 20 and 30° C. The reaction mixture was then agitated for about 7 h at a temperature between 50 and 60° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to a temperature between 20 and 30° C.

The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 1.5-3.0 with dilute phosphoric acid, maintaining a temperature between 20 and 30° C. The resultant mixture was agitated for 10 min, settled for 30 min, and the bottom aqueous layer was separated and removed. The top organic layer was washed with water, followed by concentration by atmospheric distillation.

The concentrated solution was solvent exchanged to CH₃CN by continuous atmospheric distillation, and crystallized by cooling to 0° C. The crystalline product was filtered, washed with CH₃CN, and dried under vacuum at a temperature between 45 and 55° C. to yield 97.9 kg Compound II (molar yield=83.7%). MS Calculated: 527.30; MS Found (ES+, M+H): 528.29.

Preparation of Compound IV

Compound II (21.1 kg), Compound III (9.9 kg), HOBt (3.2 kg) and EDCi (11.2 kg) were charged to the vessel, followed by CH₃CN (63 kg), ethyl acetate (20 kg) and water (1.5 kg). The reaction mixture was agitated and the heterogeneous mixture was cooled to −5 to +5° C. DIPEA (11.2 kg) was charged to the reaction mixture, maintaining a temperature between −5 to +5° C. and the mixture was agitated at a temperature of −5 to +5° C. for 1 h. The resultant reaction mixture was warmed to 20 to 30° C. and agitated for 2 to 3 h.

The resultant product was extracted with aqueous HCl, aqueous K₂CO₃, and water.

The desired product was crystallized from ethyl acetate by cooling from reflux (78° C.) to about 0° C. The crystalline product was filtered and dried at 30° C. under vacuum to yield 23.1 kg Compound IV (molar yield=81.3%). MS Calculated: 709.44; MS Found (ES+, M+H): 710.47.

Preparation of Compound I

Compound IV (22.5 kg), TEMPO (5 kg), NaOAc (45 kg), methyl acetate (68 L), MTBE (158 L), water (23 L) and acetic acid (22.5 L) were charged to the reactor. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20-30° C. to allow for dissolution of the solids, and was then cooled to 5-15° C. NaOCl solution (1.4 molar equivalents) was charged to the reaction mixture, keeping the temperature at about 10° C. After complete addition of NaOCl, the reaction mixture was agitated at 10° C. for 2 h.

The reaction was quenched by washing with a buffered sodium ascorbate/HCl aqueous solution, followed by a water wash.

The reaction mixture was solvent exchanged to acetone under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 20° C.; the desired product was crystallized by the addition of water, and dried under vacuum, keeping the temperature below 40° C. to yield 18.6 kg Compound I (molar yield=82.7%). MS Calculated: 707.43: MS Found (ES+, M+H): 708.44.

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Medicinal Chemistry International: ROXADUSTAT

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World Drug Tracker: Degarelix …NICE backs Ferring’s Firmagon for prostate cancer subgroup

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Medicinal Chemistry International: NARLAPREVIR

TOLVAPTAN

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TOLVAPTAN

的合成

N-(4-{[(5R)-7-chloro-5-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl]carbonyl}-3-methylphenyl)-2-methylbenzamide

Formula	C₂₆H₂₅ClN₂O₃
Mol. mass	448.941 g/mol

150683-30-0 CAS NO

+ form 331947-66-1 Rform

OPC-41061

Otsuka…..innovator

UPDATE 2022

Tolvaptan sodium phosphate, Samtasu,

トルバプタンリン酸エステルナトリウム

2022/3/28 JAPAN PPROVED

Formula	C26H24ClN2O6P. 2Na
CAS
Mol weight	572.8849

Tolvaptan sodium phosphate (JAN).png

Tolvaptan sodium phosphate

disodium;[(5R)-7-chloro-1-[2-methyl-4-[(2-methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzazepin-5-yl] phosphate

European Medicines Agency (EMA) Accepts Otsuka’s Marketing Authorisation Application (MAA) for Tolvaptan, an Investigational Compound for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

•Tolvaptan was discovered by Otsuka in Japan and, if approved by the EMA, would become the first pharmaceutical therapy in Europe for patients with ADPKD
•ADPKD is an inherited genetic disease that causes cyst growth in the kidneys, which gradually impairs their functioning. There is no current pharmaceutical treatment option
•Otsuka’s development of tolvaptan as a treatment for ADPKD illustrates the company’s commitment to address significant patient needs for diseases that traditionally have not been a priority for the pharmaceutical industry

TOKYO–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. announced today that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has accepted the submission of a marketing authorisation application (MAA) for the potential approval of tolvaptan for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Phase III clinical trial results that form the basis of the regulatory filing were published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

http://www.pharmalive.com/ema-accepts-otsukas-maa-for-tolvaptan

Tolvaptan is a selective vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist with an affinity for the V2-receptor that is 1.8 times that of native arginine vasopressin (AVP).

Tolvaptan is (±)-4′-[(7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl) carbonyl]-otolu-m-toluidide. The empirical formula is C₂₆H₂₅ClN₂O₃. Molecular weight is 448.94. The chemical structure is:

SAMSCA® (tolvaptan) Structural Formula Illustration

SAMSCA tablets for oral use contain 15 mg or 30 mg of tolvaptan. Inactive ingredients include corn starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose and FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake as colorant.

SEE NEW UPDATE AT END OF PAGE

Tolvaptan (INN), also known as OPC-41061, is a selective, competitive vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated withcongestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone(SIADH). Tolvaptan was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 19, 2009, and is sold by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. under the trade name Samsca and in India is manufactured & sold by MSN laboratories Ltd. under the trade name Tolvat & Tolsama.

ChemSpider 2D Image | Tolvaptan | C26H25ClN2O3

Tolvaptan is also in fast-track clinical trials[2] for polycystic kidney disease. In a 2004 trial, tolvaptan, when administered with traditional diuretics, was noted to increase excretion of excess fluids and improve blood sodium levels in patients with heart failure without producing side effects such as hypotension (low blood pressure) or hypokalemia(decreased blood levels of potassium) and without having an adverse effect on kidney function.[3] In a recently published trial (TEMPO 3:4 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00428948) the study met its primary and secondary end points. Tolvaptan, when given at an average dose of 95 mg per day over a 3-year period, slowed the usual increase in kidney volume by 50% compared to placebo (2.80% per year versus 5.51% per year, respectively, p<0.001) and reduced the decline in kidney function when compared with that of placebo-treated patients by approximately 30% (reciprocal serum creatinine, -2.61 versus -3.81 (mg/mL)-1 per year, p <0.001)[4]

Tolvaptan was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 19, 2009, then approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on August 3, 2009 and approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan on Feb 4, 2013. It was developed and marketed as Samsca^® by Otsuka in the US, DE and JP.

UPDATED

Tolvaptan is a selective vasopressin V₂-receptor antagonist with an affinity for the V₂-receptor that is 1.8 times that of native arginine vasopressin (AVP) and that is 29 times greater than for the V_1a-receptor. When taken orally, 15 to 60 mg doses of tolvaptan antagonize the effect of vasopressin and cause an increase in urine water excretion that results in an increase in free water clearance (aquaresis), a decrease in urine osmolality, and a resulting increase in serum sodium concentrations. It is indicated for the treatment of clinically significant hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia [serum sodium < 125 mEq/L or less marked hyponatremia that is symptomatic and has resisted correction with fluid restriction], including patients with heart failure, cirrhosis, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).

Samsca^® is available as tablet for oral use, containing 7.5 mg/15 mg/30 mg of free Tolvaptan. The recommended starting dose is 15 mg once daily and it may be increased at intervals ≥ 24 hr to 30 mg once daily, and to a maximum of 60 mg once daily as needed to raise serum sodium.

PATENT NUMBER	PEDIATRIC EXTENSION	APPROVED	EXPIRES (ESTIMATED)
US5258510	No	1993-11-02	2010-11-02
US5753677	No	1998-05-19	2020-05-19
US8501730	No	2013-08-06	2026-09-01
US5972882	No	1999-10-26	2018-12-14
US10905694	No	2021-02-02	2030-04-07

Synthesis Reference

Bandi Parthasaradhi Reddy, “PROCESS FOR PREPARING TOLVAPTAN INTERMEDIATES.” U.S. Patent US20130190490, issued July 25, 2013.

US20130190490

Route 1

Reference：1. US5258510A.

Route 2

Reference：1. Bio. Med. Chemistry 2006, 14, 6165–6173.

Route 3

Reference：1. Bio. Med. Chem. Lett. 2007, 17, 6455–6458.

Route 4

Reference：1. CN102060769B.

Route 5

Reference：1. Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 6041−6043.

Route 6

Reference：1. Bio. Med. Chem. 1999, 7, 1743-1754.

2. WO2007026971A2.

SYN

Chemical synthesis:[5]

Tolvaptan is chemically, N-[4-[(7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]-3-methylphenyl]-2-methylbenzamide. Tolvaptan is represented by the following structure:

Tolvaptan, also known as OPC-41061, is a selective, competitive arginine vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Tolvaptan is sold by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. under the trade name Samsca.

Tolvaptan and its process for preparation were disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,510.

Processes for the preparation of 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-5-one, 7-chloro-1-(2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine and 7-chloro-1-[2-methyl-4-[(2-methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine were reported in Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 7 (1999), 1743-1754. According to the journal, 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-5-one can be prepared by reacting 7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-oxo-N-p-toluenesufonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine with acetic acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid and water to obtain 7-chloro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-p-toluenesulfonyl-1H-1-benzazepine, and then reacted with polyphospholic acid. According to the journal, 7-chloro-1-(2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine can be prepared by reacting 7-chloro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine with 2-methyl-4-nitobenzoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine.

According to the journal, 7-chloro-1-[2-methyl-4-[(2-methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine can be prepared by reacting 1-(4-amino-2-methylbenzoyl)-7-chloro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine with 2-methylbenzoylchloride in the presence of triethylamine.

PCT publication no. WO 2007/026971 disclosed a process for the preparation oftolvaptan can be prepared by the reduction of 7-chloro-1-[2-methyl-4-(2-methylbenzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-5-one with sodium borohydride.

7-Chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-5-one is a key intermediate for the preparation of tolvaptan.

Biooganic and Medicinal Chemistry I (2007) 6455-6458, Biooganic andMedicinal Chemistry 14 (2000) 2493-2495 reported in the literature of the intermediate 2 – carboxylic acid -5 – (2 – methyl-benzoylamino) toluene synthesis method,

5-Chloro-2-nitrobenzoic acid (I) was converted into methyl ester (II) using dimethyl sulfate and K2CO3 in acetone. The nitro group of (II) was then reduced with SnCl2 to afford aniline (III), which was protected as the p-toluenesulfonamide (IV) with tosyl chloride in pyridine. Alkylation of (IV) with ethyl 4-bromobutyrate (V) yielded diester (VI). Subsequent Dieckmann cyclization of (VI) in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide provided benzazepinone (VIIa-b) as a mixture of ethyl and methyl esters, which was decarboxylated to (VIII) by heating with HCl in AcOH. Deprotection of the tosyl group of (VIII) was carried out in hot polyphosphoric acid. The resulting benzazepinone (IX) was condensed with 2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (X) to give amide (XI). After reduction of the nitro group of (XI) to the corresponding aniline (XII), condensation with 2-methylbenzoyl chloride (XIII) provided diamide (XIV). Finally, ketone reduction in (XIV) by means of NaBH4 led to the target compound.

……………………………………….

PATENT

CN102382053A Figure CN102382053AD00031

……………………………………………..

PATENT

CN102060769

Synthesis of Intermediate III: 1.

Example

2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid (available from Alfa Aesar Tianjin Chemical Co., purity> 99%, 25g,

0.14mol) was added to a 250ml reaction flask, is reacted with thionyl chloride under reflux conditions for 3h, thionyl chloride was distilled off under reduced pressure to give 2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (26.Sg, light yellow oily liquid), without purification, was used directly in the next step.

Intermediate II (20g, 0.1moI) and 2_ methyl _4_ nitrobenzoylchloride (22.4g, 0.llmol) was added to a 250ml reaction flask. Dichloromethane (50ml), cooled to ice bath with stirring to dissolve O~5 ° C, was slowly added dropwise N- methylmorpholine (11.2g, 0.llmol), Bi dropwise with stirring while, at room temperature the reaction 4h. TLC [developing solvent: ethyl acetate – petroleum ether (I: I), hereinafter] is displayed after completion of the reaction, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20ml), stirred for lOmin, filtered, the filter cake with dichloromethane (15ml X 2 ) washing. The filtrate and washings were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (30ml X 3), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate under reduced pressure to recover the solvent, the residue was recrystallized from anhydrous methanol to give a white powder 111 (27.5g, 75.2%), mp 154.8 ~155.6 ° C. Purity 97.9% (HPLC normalization method).

Synthesis of Intermediate IV:

Intermediate III (10g, 28mmol) was added to a 250ml reaction flask, concentrated hydrochloric acid (40ml) and ethanol (50ml), with stirring, was slowly added dropwise stannous chloride (20g, 88mmol) in ethanol (40ml) . Bi room temperature drops 5h. After TLC showed completion of the reaction, ethanol was distilled off under reduced pressure to about 70ml, the residue was -10 ° C -0 ° C allowed to stand overnight to cool. Filtered, and the filter cake was washed with water poured into water (40ml) in. Plus 20% sodium hydroxide solution (approximately 60ml) was adjusted to pH 9. Filtered, washed with ethanol and recrystallized to give a pale yellow powdered solid IV (6.3g, 68.7%), mp 190.4~191.1 ° C. Purity 97.2% (HPLC normalization method).

Synthesis of intermediate V:

Intermediate IV (5g, 15mmol) and triethylamine (2.3g, 23mmol) was added followed by IOOml reaction flask was added dichloromethane (30ml), stir until dissolved. Solution of o-methylbenzoyl chloride (2.8g, 18mmol), dropwise at room temperature completion of the reaction Ih0 TLC showed the reaction was complete was poured into ice-water (about 40ml) in, (20ml X 3) and extracted with dichloromethane, the combined organic phases, and saturated sodium chloride solution successively (25ml X 3), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered with 5% hydrochloric acid (25ml X 3). The filtrate under reduced pressure to recover the solvent (about 50ml), dried over anhydrous methanol residue – petroleum ether (2: 1) and recrystallized to give white crystals of Intermediate V (6.2g, 90.9%), mp 121.1 ~123.6 ° C. Purity 98.6% (HPLC normalization method).

Synthesis of tolvaptan: Example 4

Intermediate V (5g, Ilmmol) IOOml added to the reaction flask, was added anhydrous methanol (25ml), stirred and then added portionwise sodium borohydride (0.65g, 17mmol) to the reaction mixture, addition was complete the reaction at room temperature lh. After TLC showed the reaction was complete, the methanol recovered under reduced pressure (approximately 20ml), the residue was added methylene chloride (25ml), (25mlX3) and washed with saturated sodium chloride solution. Anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate under reduced pressure to recover the solvent, the residue with absolute methanol – petroleum ether (2: 1) and recrystallized tolvaptan white crystals (4.85g, 96.6%), mp 220.1~221.5 ° C. Purity 99.2% (HPLC normalization method). ES1-HRMS (C26H25C1N203, m / z) found (calc): 447.1476 (447.1481) [MH] – “

…………..

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2012046244A1?cl=en

Tolvaptan is chemically, N-[4-[(7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-hydroxylH-l- benzazepin- 1 -yl)carbonyl]-3-methylphenyl]-2-methylbenzamide. Tolvaptan is represented by the following structure:

Tolvaptan and its process for preparation were disclosed in U.S. patent no. 5,258,510. Processes for the preparation of 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepin-5- one, 7-chloro-l-(2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine and 7-chloro- 1 -[2-methyl-4-[(2-methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]-5-oxo-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine were reported in Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 7 (1999), 1743-1754. According to the journal, 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l- benzazepin-5-one can be prepared by reacting 7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-oxo-N-p- toluenesufonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine with acetic acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid and water to obtain 7-chloro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l-p- toluenesulfonyl-lH-l-benzazepine, and then reacted with polyphospholic acid.

According to the journal, 7-chloro- 1 -(2 -methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine can be prepared by reacting 7-chloro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine with 2-methyl-4-nitobenzoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine.

According to the journal, 7-chloro- l-[2-methyl-4-[(2- methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine can be prepared by reacting l-(4-amino-2-methylbenzoyl)-7-chloro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-l-benzazepine with 2-methylbenzoylchloride in the presence of triethylamine.

PCT publication no. WO 2007/026971 disclosed a process for the preparation of tolvaptan can be prepared by the reduction of 7-chloro- l-[2-methyl-4-(2- methylbenzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepin-5-one with sodium borohydride.

7-Chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepin-5-one is a key intermediate for the preparation of tolvaptan.

SYNTHESIS CONSTRUCTION

Reference example 1 :

Preparation of methyl 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate

Potassium carbonate (515 gm) was added to a solution of 5-chloro-2-nitro benzoic acid (500 gm) in acetone (2750 ml) at room temperature. Dimethyl sulphate (306.5 gm) was added to the reaction mixture slowly and heated to reflux for 30 minutes. The reaction mass was filtered and then concentrated to obtain a residual mass. The residual mass was poured to the ice water and extracted with methylene chloride. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a residual solid of methyl 5- chloro-2-nitrobenzoate (534 gm). Reference example 2:

Preparation of methyl 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoate

A mixture of methyl 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate (534 gm) as obtained in reference example 1 and concentrated hydrochloric acid (2250 ml) was added to ethyl acetate (1120 ml). To the reaction mixture was added a solution of tin chloride (1680 gm) in ethyl acetate (2250 ml). The reaction mass was stirred for 16 hours at room temperature and then poured to the ice water. The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 8.0 to 9.0 with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2650 ml). The separated aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and then concentrated to obtain a residual solid of methyl 2- amino-5-chlorobenzoate (345 gm). Reference example 3:

Preparation of methyl 5-chIoro-2-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)aminobenzoate

To a solution of methyl-2-amino-5-chloro benzoate (345 gm) as obtained in reference example 2 in pyridine (1725 ml) was added p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (425 gm). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature and poured to the ice water. The separated solid was filtered and dried to obtain 585 gm of methyl 5- chloro-2-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)aminobenzoate.

Reference example 4:

Preparation of methyl 5-chloro-2-[N-(3-ethoxycarbonyI)propyI-N-p- toluenesulfonyl] aminobenzoate

Methyl 5-chloro-2-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)aminobenzoate (585 gm) as obtained in reference example 3, ethyl-4-bromo butyrate (369.6 gm) and potassium carbonate (664 gm) in dimethylformamide (4400 ml) were added at room temperature. The contents were heated to 120°C and maintained for 2 hours. The reaction mass was poured into water and filtered. The solid obtained was dried to give 726 gm of methyl 5-chloro-2-[N- (3 -ethoxycarbonyl)propyl-N-p-toluenesulfonyl] aminobenzoate.

Reference example 5:

Preparation of 7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonyI-5-oxo-N-p-toluenesufonyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine

To a heated mixture of potassium tetrabutoxide (363 gm) in toluene (1000 ml) at 70°C was added portion wise methyl 5-chloro-2-[N-(3-ethoxycarbonyl)propyl-N-p- toluenesulfonyl]aminobenzoate (726 gm) as obtained in reference example 4. The contents were heated to reflux and maintained for 30 minutes. The reaction mass was then cooled to room temperature and then poured to the ice water. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with toluene. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a residual solid of 7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-oxo-N- p-toluenesufonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine (455 gm).

Example 1:

Preparation of 7-chIoro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine

7-Chloro-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-oxo-N-p-toluenesufonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1 H- 1 – benzazepine (455 gm) as obtained in reference example 5 was added to aqueous sulfuric acid (80%, 2275 ml). The contents heated to 75°C and maintained for 2 hours. The reaction mass was then cooled to room temperature and then poured to the ice water. The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 7.5 to 8.0 with sodium hydroxide solution (2575 ml). The solid obtained was collected by filtration and dried to give 160 gm of 7- chloro-5-oxo-2,3 ,4,5-tetrahydro- 1 H- 1 -benzazepine.

Example 2:

Preparation of 7-chIoro-l-(2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l- benzazepine

7-Chloro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l -benzazepine (160 gm) as obtained in example 1 was dissolved in methylene dichloride (480 ml) and then added aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (20%, 68.75 gm). The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0 to 5°C and then added 2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoylchloride (180 gm) slowly. The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 7.0 to 8.0 with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (170 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a residual mass. To the residual mass was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol (7300 ml) and maintained for 2 hours at reflux temperature. The separated solid was filtered and dried to obtain 250 gm of 7-chloro-l-(2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine. Example 3:

Preparation of l-(4-amino-2-methylbenzoyl)-7-chIoro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- 1-benzazepine

7-Chloro- 1 -(2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl)-5-oxo-2,3 ,4,5-tetrahydro- 1 H- 1 – benzazepine (250 gm) as obtained in example 2 was dissolved in methanol (575 ml) and then added a solution of tin chloride (630 gm) in methanol (1130 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hours at room temperature and then poured to the ice water. The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 8.0 to 9.0 with sodium hydroxide solution (1250 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The solvent was distilled off under vacuum to obtain a residual solid of l-(4- amino-2-methylbenzoyl)-7-chloro-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1 H- 1 -benzazepine (185 gm).

Example 4:

Preparation of 7-chloro-l-[2-methyl-4-[(2-methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]-5-dxo- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-l-benzazepine

1 -(4-Amino-2-methylbenzoyl)-7-chloro-5-oxo-2,3 ,4,5-tetrahydro- 1 H- 1 – benzazepine (185 gm) as obtained in example 3 was dissolved in methylene chloride (4000 ml) and then added sodium bicarbonate solution (10%, 47.3 gm). The reaction mass was cooled to 0 to 5°C and then added 2-methyl benzoyl chloride (95.7 gm) slowly. -The pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 7.0 to 8.0 with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (120 ml). The separated aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride and then concentrated to obtain a residual solid of 7-chloro-l-[2- methyl-4-[(2-methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1 H- 1 – benzazepine (185 gm). Example 5:

Preparation of tolvaptan

7-Chloro- 1 -[2-methyl-4-[(2-methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoyl]-5-oxo-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-1 -benzazepine (63 gm) as obtained in example 4 was dissolved in methanol (570 ml) and then added sodium borohydride (2.07 gm) at room temperature. The reaction mass was stirred for 1 hour and pH of the reaction mass was adjusted to 6.0 to 7.0 with hydrochloric acid solution (1%, 630 ml). The separated solid was filtered and dried to obtain 57 gm of tolvaptan.

……………….

Process used to prepare Tolvaptan involves condensing 7-chloro-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-benzo[b]azepin-5-one with 2-methyl, 4-nitro benzoyl chloride, followed by reduction using SnCl2/HCl catalyst resulting in amine which is then condensed with o-toluoyl chloride followed by reduction with sodium borohydride to give Tolvaptan

///////////

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SYN 1

Synthetic Reference

Cordero-Vargas, Alejandro; Quiclet-Sire, Beatrice; Zard, Samir Z. A flexible approach for the preparation of substituted benzazepines: Application to the synthesis of tolvaptan. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. Volume 14. Issue 18. Pages 6165-6173. 2006.

SYN 2

Synthetic Reference

Torisawa, Yasuhiro; Abe, Kaoru; Muguruma, Yasuaki; Fujita, Shigekazu; Ogawa, Hidenori; Utsumi, Naoto; Miyake, Masahiro. Process for preparation of benzoylaminobenzoylbenzazepinones by reaction of benzazepinones with benzoylaminophenyl halides in the presence of carbonylating agents. Assignee Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.,

SYN 3

Synthetic Reference

Zard, Samir; Cordero Vargas, Alejandro; Sire, Beatrice. Improved process for the preparation of benzazepines and their derivatives. Assignee Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Fr.; Ecole Polytechnique. FR 2867187. (2005).

SYN 4

Synthetic Reference

Gao, Junlong; Li, Peng; Liu, Kai; Guo, Dapeng. Method for preparing high-purity Tolvaptan intermediate. Assignee Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Peop. Rep. China. CN 108503586. (2018).

SYN 5

Synthetic Reference

Han, Shin; Jeon, Seong Hyeon; Lee, Shin Yoon. Improved method for preparing synthetic intermediates for tolvaptan. Assignee Hexa Pharmatec Co., Ltd., S. Korea. JP 2018012690. (2018).

SYN 6

Synthetic Reference

Guo, Xinfu; Wang, Qiang; Liu, Zhaoguo; Wang, Zhipeng. Preparation method of tolvaptan. Assignee Tianjin Taipu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Peop. Rep. China. CN 106883175. (2017).

SYN 7

Synthetic Reference

Lixin, Juanzi; Li, Jianzhi; Ma, Xilai; Chi, Wangzhou; Liu, Hai; Hu, Xuhua; Zheng, Xiaoli; Zhai, Zhijun; Li, Jianxun. Process for the preparation of tolvaptan. Assignee Shanghai Tianci International Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Peop. Rep. China. CN 105753735. (2016).

STR8

Synthetic Reference

Patel, Dhaval J.; Shah, Tejas C.; Singh, Manoj Kumar. A process for the preparation of tolvaptan. Assignee Cadila Healthcare Limited, India. IN 2012MU01559. (2014).

STR9

Synthetic Reference

Sethi, Madhuresh Kumar; Rawat, Vijendrasingh; Thirunavukarasu, Jayaprakash; Yerramala, Raja Krishna; Kumar, Anish. Improved process for the preparation of tolvaptan. Assignee Matrix Laboratories Ltd., India. IN 2011CH01303. (2013).

/////////////////////

Title: Tolvaptan
CAS Registry Number: 150683-30-0
CAS Name: N-[4-[(7-Chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]-3-methylphenyl]-2-methylbenzamide
Additional Names: 7-chloro-5-hydroxy-1-[2-methyl-4-(2-methylbenzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine
Manufacturers’ Codes: OPC-41061
Molecular Formula: C26H25ClN2O3
Molecular Weight: 448.94
Percent Composition: C 69.56%, H 5.61%, Cl 7.90%, N 6.24%, O 10.69%
Literature References: Nonpeptide arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist. Prepn: H. Ogawa et al., WO 9105549; eidem, US 5258510 (1991, 1993 both to Otsuka); K. Kondo et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. 7, 1743 (1999). Pharmacology: Y. Yamamura et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287, 860 (1998). Clinical trial in heart failure: M. Gheorghiade et al., J. Am. Med. Assoc. 291, 1963 (2004).
Properties: Colorless prisms, mp 225.9°.
Melting point: mp 225.9°
Therap-Cat: In treatment of congestive heart failure.
Keywords: Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist.

Shoaf S, Elizari M, Wang Z, et al. (2005). “Tolvaptan administration does not affect steady state amiodarone concentrations in patients with cardiac arrhythmias”. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 10 (3): 165–71. doi:10.1177/107424840501000304. PMID 16211205.
Otsuka Maryland Research Institute, Inc.
Gheorghiade M, Gattis W, O’Connor C, et al. (2004). “Effects of tolvaptan, a vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure: a randomized controlled trial”. JAMA 291 (16): 1963–71. doi:10.1001/jama.291.16.1963. PMID 15113814.
(2012) Tolvaptan in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Kondo, K.; Ogawa, H.; Yamashita, H.; Miyamoto, H.; Tanaka, M.; Nakaya, K.; Kitano, K.; Yamamura, Y.; Nakamura, S.; Onogawa, T.; et al.; Bioor. Med. Chem. 1999, 7, 1743.
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm350185.htm?source=govdelivery

Gheorghiade M, Niazi I, Ouyang J et al. (2003). “Vasopressin V2-receptor blockade with tolvaptan in patients with chronic heart failure: results from a double-blind, randomized trial”. Circulation 107 (21): 2690–6. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000070422.41439.04.PMID 12742979.

G. R. Belum, V. R. Belum, S. K. Chaitanya Arudra, and B. S. N. Reddy, “The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: revisited,” Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 231–237, 2013.
H. D. Zmily, S. Daifallah, and J. K. Ghali, “Tolvaptan, hyponatremia, and heart failure,” International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease, vol. 4, pp. 57–71, 2011.
M. N. Ferguson, “Novel agents for the treatment of hyponatremia: a review of conivaptan and tolvaptan,” Cardiology in Review, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 313–321, 2010.
H. Ogawa, H. Miyamoto, K. Kondo, et al., US5258510, 1993.
K. Kondo, H. Ogawa, H. Yamashita et al., “7-Chloro-5-hydroxy-1-[2-methyl-4-(2-methylbenzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine (OPC-41061): a potent, orally active nonpeptide arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist,” Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1743–1754, 1999.

WO2012046244A1 *	Aug 23, 2011	Apr 12, 2012	Hetero Research Foundation	Process for preparing tolvaptan intermediates
CN102060769A *	Dec 20, 2010	May 18, 2011	天津药物研究院	Preparation method of tolvaptan
CN102060769B	Dec 20, 2010	Sep 18, 2013	天津药物研究院	Preparation method of tolvaptan
US9024015	Aug 23, 2011	May 5, 2015	Hetero Research Foundation	Process for preparing tolvaptan intermediates

Cited Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
CN101817783A	May 12, 2010	Sep 1, 2010	天津泰普药品科技发展有限公司	Method for preparing tolvaptan intermediate
WO2007026971A2	Sep 1, 2006	Mar 8, 2007	Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd	Process for preparing benzazepine compounds or salts thereof

Reference
1		Cordero-Vargas, Alejandro
2		Kondo, Kazumi et al.7-chloro-5-hydroxy-1-[2-methyl-4-(2-methylbenzoyl-amino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine (OPC-41061): A potent, orally active nonpeptide arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist.《Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry》.1999,1743-1757.
3		Quiclet-Sire, Beatrice
4		Torisawa, Yasuhiro et al.Aminocarbonylation route to tolvaptan.《Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters》.2007,6455-6458.
5		Zard, Samir Z.A flexible approach for the preparation of substituted benzazepines: Application to the synthesis of tolvaptan.《Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry》.2006,6165-6173.

///////////////

CC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)C(=O)N3CCCC(C4=C3C=CC(=C4)Cl)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])C.[Na+].[Na+]

////////////UPDATE 2022

Tolvaptan
Clinical data


Trade names	Samsca, Jinarc, Jynarque, others
Other names	OPC-41061
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a609033
License data	EU EMA: by INN US DailyMed: Tolvaptan US FDA: Tolvaptan
Pregnancy category	UK: Contraindicated
Routes of administration	By mouth
ATC code	C03XA01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only) ^[1]^[2] US: ℞-only ^[3]^[4] EU: Rx-only ^[5]^[6]
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Unknown (40% absorbed)
Protein binding	99%
Metabolism	Liver (CYP3A4-mediated)^[7]
Elimination half-life	12 hours (terminal)
Identifiers
show IUPAC name
CAS Number	150683-30-0
PubChem CID	216237
IUPHAR/BPS	2226
DrugBank	DB06212
ChemSpider	187438
UNII	21G72T1950
KEGG	D01213
ChEMBL	ChEMBL344159
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3048780
ECHA InfoCard	100.219.212
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₆H₂₅ClN₂O₃
Molar mass	448.95 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
show SMILES
show InChI
(what is this?) (verify)

Tolvaptan, sold under the brand name Samsca among others, is an aquaretic drug that functions as a selective, competitive vasopressin receptor 2 (V₂) antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Tolvaptan was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 19, 2009, and is sold by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. under the trade name Samsca.^[8] Tolvaptan, as Jynarque, was granted approval for medical use in the United States in April 2018.^[9]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted tolvaptan a fast track designation for clinical trials investigating its use for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease.^[10] The FDA granted Jynarque an orphan drug designation in April 2012, for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.^[11]

Tolvaptan is available as a generic medication.^[12]

Medical uses

Tolvaptan (Samsca) is indicated for the treatment of clinically significant hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia.^[13]

Tolvaptan (Jynarque) is indicated to slow kidney function decline in adults at risk of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).^[14]

Side effects

The FDA has determined that tolvaptan should not be used for longer than 30 days and should not be used in patients with underlying liver disease because it can cause liver injury, potentially leading to liver failure.^[15] When using to treat hyponatremia, it may cause too rapid correction of hyponatremia resulting in fatal osmotic demyelination syndrome.^[16]

Pharmacology

Tolvaptan is a selective vasopressin V₂ receptor antagonist.^[13]^[14]

Chemistry

Tolvaptan is a racemate, a 1:1 mixture of the following two enantiomers:^[17]

Enantiomers of tolvaptan
(R)-Tolvaptan CAS number: 331947-66-1	(S)-Tolvaptan CAS number: 331947-44-5

References

^ “Samsca 15 mg tablets – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)”. (emc). Retrieved 14 December 2020.
^ “Jinarc 15 mg tablets – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)”. (emc). 21 April 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
^ “Jynarque- tolvaptan kit Jynarque- tolvaptan tablet”. DailyMed. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
^ “Samsca- tolvaptan tablet”. DailyMed. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
^ “Samsca EPAR”. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Retrieved 14 December 2020.
^ “Jinarc EPAR”. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Retrieved 14 December 2020.
^ Shoaf S, Elizari M, Wang Z, et al. (2005). “Tolvaptan administration does not affect steady state amiodarone concentrations in patients with cardiac arrhythmias”. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 10 (3): 165–71. doi:10.1177/107424840501000304. PMID 16211205. S2CID 39158242.
^ “Drug Approval Package: Samsca (Tolvaptan) Tablets NDA #022275”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 21 July 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2020. Lay summary (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |lay-url= (help)
^ “Drug Approval Package: Jynarque (tolvaptan)”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 8 June 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ “Otsuka Maryland Research Institute, Inc. Granted Fast Track Designation For Tolvaptan In PKD”. Medical News Today. Healthline Media UK Ltd. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
^ “Tolvaptan Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 6 April 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ “Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Samsca- tolvaptan tablet”. DailyMed. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Jynarque- tolvaptan kit Jynarque- tolvaptan tablet”. DailyMed. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ “U.S. Food and Drug Administration.” Samsca (Tolvaptan): Drug Safety Communication. N.p., 30 Apr. 2013. Web. 1 June 2014. <http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm350185.htm>^{[dead link]}
^ Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. Brunton, Laurence L, Knollmann, Björn C, Hilal-Dandan, Randa (Thirteenth ed.). New York. 5 December 2017. ISBN 9781259584732. OCLC 994570810.
^ Rote Liste Service GmbH (Hrsg.): Rote Liste 2017 – Arzneimittelverzeichnis für Deutschland (einschließlich EU-Zulassungen und bestimmter Medizinprodukte). Rote Liste Service GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, 2017, Aufl. 57, ISBN 978-3-946057-10-9, S. 222.

External links

“Tolvaptan”. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Synthesis

Fugure 1: Synthesis of Tolvaptan

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Title: Tolvaptan

CAS Registry Number: 150683-30-0

CAS Name: N-[4-[(7-Chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]-3-methylphenyl]-2-methylbenzamide

Additional Names: 7-chloro-5-hydroxy-1-[2-methyl-4-(2-methylbenzoylamino)benzoyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine

Manufacturers’ Codes: OPC-41061

Molecular Formula: C26H25ClN2O3

Molecular Weight: 448.94

Percent Composition: C 69.56%, H 5.61%, Cl 7.90%, N 6.24%, O 10.69%

Literature References: Nonpeptide arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist. Prepn: H. Ogawa et al., WO 9105549; eidem, US 5258510 (1991, 1993 both to Otsuka); K. Kondo et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. 7, 1743 (1999). Pharmacology: Y. Yamamura et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287, 860 (1998). Clinical trial in heart failure: M. Gheorghiade et al., J. Am. Med. Assoc. 291, 1963 (2004).

Properties: Colorless prisms, mp 225.9°.

Melting point: mp 225.9°

Therap-Cat: In treatment of congestive heart failure.

Keywords: Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist.

Medicinal Chemistry International: DELDEPREVIR (NECEPREVIR)

December 27, 2013 12:00 pm / Leave a comment

Medicinal Chemistry International: DELDEPREVIR (NECEPREVIR)

WANT TO KNOW ABOUT VIR SERIES CLICK

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DELDEPREVIR OR NECEPREVIR

deldeprevir,

ACH-0142684, ACH-2684

HCV NS3 PR

USAN (YY-152) DELDEPREVIR

THERAPEUTIC CLAIM Treatment of Hepatitis C
CHEMICAL NAMES
1. Cyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecine-14a(5H)-carboxamide, N-
(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-6-[2-(3,3-difluoro-1-piperidinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-
1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16a-tetradecahydro-2-[[7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-[4-(1-
methylethyl)-2-thiazolyl]-4-quinolinyl]oxy]-5,16-dioxo-, (2R,6R,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-
2. (2R,6R,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-6-[2-(3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-
2-oxoethyl]-2-({7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-[4-(1-methylethyl)thiazol-2-yl]quinolin-4-yl}oxy)-
5,16-dioxo-1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16atetradecahydrocyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecine-14a(5H)-
carboxamide

MOLECULAR FORMULA C45H56F2N6O8S2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 911.1
SPONSOR Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
CODE DESIGNATION ACH-0142684, ACH-2684
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 1229626-28-1
WHO NUMBER 9600
NOTE: This adoption statement replaces adoption N12/17 and the name neceprevir is hereby rescinded.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

deldeprevir-sodium

DELDEPREVIR SODIUM

USAN (yy-153) DELDEPREVIR SODIUM

THERAPEUTIC CLAIM Treatment of Hepatitis C

CHEMICAL NAMES

1. Cyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecine-14a(5H)-carboxamide, N-
(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-6-[2-(3,3-difluoro-1-piperidinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-
1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16a-tetradecahydro-2-[[7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-[4-(1-
methylethyl)-2-thiazolyl]-4-quinolinyl]oxy]-5,16-dioxo-, sodium salt (1:1),
(2R,6R,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-

2. Sodium (cyclopropylsulfonyl){[(2R,6R,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-6-[2-(3,3-difluoropiperidin-
1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-2-({7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-[4-(1-methylethyl)thiazol-2-yl]quinolin-4-
yl}oxy)-5,16-dioxo-1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16a-
tetradecahydrocyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecin-14a(5H)-
yl]formyl]azanide

MOLECULAR FORMULA C45H55F2N6NaO8S2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT 933.1

SPONSOR Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

CODE DESIGNATION ACH-0142684.Na, ACH-2684.Na

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 1298053-61-8

NOTE: This adoption statement replaces adoption N12/18 and the name neceprevir sodium

is hereby rescinded.

ACH-2684 is a HCV NS3 protease inhibitor in phase I clinical development at Achillion for the oral treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 and 3.

WO 2010068761
US 2010152103

COMPD 133

(2R,6R,14aR,16aS,Z)- N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)- 6-(2-(3,3-difluoropiperidin- 1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-2- (2-(2-isopropylthiazol- 4-yl)-7-methoxy-8- methylquinolin-4- yloxy)-5,16-dioxo- 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, 13a,14,14a,15,16,16a- hexadecahydrocyclopropa [e]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4] diazacyclopentadecine- 14a-carboxamide

https://www.google.co.in/patents/US20100152103?pg=PA1&dq=US+2010152103&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1ma9Utq-C4mxrgeu54G4DA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA

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Deleobuvir » All About Drugs

December 27, 2013 9:49 am / Leave a comment

Deleobuvir » All About Drugs

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DELEOBUVIR

(2E)-3-(2-{1-[2-(5-Bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-1-methyl-1H-indole-6-carboxamido]cyclobutyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol- 6-yl)prop-2-enoic acid

1221574-24-8 CAS please check may be sodium salt??

cas no as per below ref ……863884-77-9 (free acid)

http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/usan/deleobuvir.pdf

PHASE 3

BI-207127NA
BI-207127 (free acid)

BI-207127 is a novel HCV RNA polymerase inhibitor in phase III clinical development at Boehringer Ingelheim for the treatment of hepatitis C.

Company	Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH
Description	Oral non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) RNA-dependent polymerase inhibitor
Molecular Target	HCV NS5B polymerase
Mechanism of Action	Viral polymerase inhibitor
Therapeutic Modality	Small molecule

Latest Stage of Development	Phase III
Indication	Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Partner

Deleobuvir (formerly BI 207127) is an experimental drug for the treatment of hepatitis C. It is being developed by Boehringer-Ingelheimand is currently in Phase II trials. It is a non-nucleoside hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase inhibitor. Deleobuvir is being tested in combination regimens with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and in interferon-free regimens with other direct-acting antiviral agents including faldaprevir.

Data from the SOUND-C2 study, presented at the 2012 AASLD Liver Meeting, showed that a triple combination of deleobuvir, faldaprevir, and ribavirin performed well in HCV genotype 1b patients.[1] Efficacy fell below 50%, however, for dual regimens without ribavirin and for genotype 1a patients.Deleobuvir (BI 207127) is an investigational oral nonnucleoside inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA polymerase. Antiviral activity, virology, pharmacokinetics, and safety were assessed in HCV genotype 1-infected patients receiving 5 days’ deleobuvir monotherapy. In this double-blind phase 1b study, treatment-naive (TN; n = 15) and treatment-experienced (TE; n = 45) patients without cirrhosis received placebo or deleobuvir at 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1,200 mg every 8 h (q8h) for 5 days. Patients with cirrhosis (n = 13) received deleobuvir at 400 or 600 mg q8h for 5 days. Virologic analyses included NS5B genotyping and phenotyping of individual isolates. At day 5, patients without cirrhosis had dose-dependent median HCV RNA reductions of up to 3.8 log10 (with no placebo response); patients with cirrhosis had median HCV RNA reductions of approximately 3.0 log10. Three patients discontinued due to adverse events (AEs). The most common AEs were gastrointestinal, nervous system, and skin/cutaneous tissue disorders. Plasma exposure of deleobuvir was supraproportional at doses ≥ 400 mg q8h and approximately 2-fold higher in patients with cirrhosis than in patients without cirrhosis. No virologic breakthrough was observed. NS5B substitutions associated with deleobuvir resistance in vitro were detected in 9/59 patients; seven encoded P495 substitutions, including P495L, which conferred 120- to 310-fold-decreased sensitivity to deleobuvir. P495 variants did not persist in follow-up without selective drug pressure. Deleobuvir monotherapy was generally well tolerated and demonstrated dose-dependent antiviral activity against HCV genotype 1 over 5 days.

These results were confirmed in the SOUND-C3 study, presented at the 2013 APASL Liver Conference, which found that 16 week triple therapy with deleobuvir + faldaprevir + ribavirin gave 95% SVR12 in HCV genotype 1b patients but poor virological response in genotype 1a.[2]

Interferon-free hepatitis C treatment with faldaprevir proves safe and effective in people with cirrhosis. Alcorn, K. Aidsmap.com. 20 November 2012.
S Zeuzem, J-F Dufour, M Buti, V Soriano, R Buynak, P Mantry, J Taunk, JO Stern, R Vinisko, J-P Gallivan, WO Bocher and FJ Mensa.“Interferon-free treatment with faldaprevir, deleobuvir (BI 207127) and ribavirin in SOUND-C3: 95% SVR12 in HCV GT-1b”. 23rd Conference of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) 6–9 June 2013. Retrieved 12 Sep 2013.

PATENTS

WO 2013147750

WO 2013147749

WO 2012041771

WO 2012044520

WO 2012016995

WO 2005080388

……………………………………………………

PATENT

Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
WO2010059667A1	Nov 18, 2009	May 27, 2010	Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh	Pharmaceutical composition of a potent hcv inhibitor for oral administration
WO2011005646A2	Jul 1, 2010	Jan 13, 2011	Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh	Pharmaceutical composition for a hepatitis c viral protease inhibitor
WO2012041771A1 *	Sep 23, 2011	Apr 5, 2012	Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh	Combination therapy for treating hcv infection
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US7141574	Jul 18, 2002	Nov 28, 2006	Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd.	Viral polymerase inhibitors
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US20090087409	Nov 26, 2008	Apr 2, 2009	Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd.	Viral Polymerase Inhibitors
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* Cited by examiner

NON-PATENT CITATIONS

Ref
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2		BERG ET AL. HEPATOL vol. 52, no. S1, 2010,
3	*	DOMINIQUE LARREY ET AL: “Rapid and strong antiviral activity of the non-nucleosidic NS5B polymerase inhibitor BI 207127 in combination with peginterferon alfa 2a and ribavirin“, JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY, vol. 57, no. 1, 7 March 2012 (2012-03-07), pages 39-46, XP55040240, ISSN: 0168-8278, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.015
4		G. CAIRNS GENE VARIANT THAT HELPS HEPATITIS C TREATMENT MAY HINDER HIV TREATMENT, [Online] 2011, Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:http://www.bhiva.org/Ncws.aspx?NewsID=a7503829-94b9-4d2f-bd91-ld2fbaad6c8d>
5		GE ET AL. NATURE vol. 461, 2009, pages 399 – 401
6		GHANY; MARC ET AL.: ‘An Update on Treatment of Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: 2011 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases‘ HEPATOLOGY vol. 54, no. 4, 2011, pages 1433 – 44
7	*	LIZ HIGHLEYMAN: “AASLD: All-Oral Combination of BI 201335, BI 207127 and Ribavirin Shows Good Efficacy at 12 Weeks“, INTERNET CITATION, [Online] 1 December 2011 (2011-12-01), pages 1-3, XP002684260, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:www.hivandhepatitis.com/hepatitis-c/he patitis-c-topics/hcv-treatment/3371-aasld- all-oral-combination-of-bi-201335-bi-20712 7-and-ribavirin-shows-good-efficacy-at-12- weeks> [retrieved on 2012-09-27]
8	*	POL S ET AL: “SVR AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF THE HCV PROTEASE INHIBITOR BI201335 WITH PEGIFN/RBV IN HCV GENOTYPE-1 PATIENTS WITH COMPENSATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND NON-RESPONSE TO PREVIOUS PEGIFN/RBV“, JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY, vol. 54, no. Suppl. 1, March 2011 (2011-03), page S486, XP55038942, & 46TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE EUROPEAN-ASSOCIATION-FOR-THE-STUDY-OF-THE- LIVER (EASL); BERLIN, GERMANY; MARCH 30 -APRIL 03, 2011 ISSN: 0168-8278
9		S. M. BIRGE ET AL. J. PHARM. SCI. vol. 66, 1977, pages 1 – 19
10	*	STEFAN ZEUZEM ET AL: “Efficacy of the Protease Inhibitor BI 201335, Polymerase Inhibitor BI 207127, and Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic HCV Infection“, GASTROENTEROLOGY, ELSEVIER, PHILADELPHIA, PA, vol. 141, no. 6, 1 December 2011 (2011-12-01), pages 2047-2055, XP002664706, ISSN: 0016-5085, DOI: 10.1053/J.GASTRO.2011.08.051
11		SULKOWSKI MS ET AL. HEPATOL vol. 50, 2009, page 2A
12		SULKOWSKI MS ET AL. J HEPATOL vol. 52, no. 1, 2010, pages S462 – S463
13		WHITE PW ET AL. ANTIMICROB AGENTS CHEMOTHER vol. 54, no. 11, 2010, pages 4611 – 4618
14		WHO COLLABORATIVE STUDY GROUP. VOX SANG vol. 76, 1999, pages 149 – 158
15	*	ZEUZEM STEFAN ET AL: “STRONG ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND SAFETY OF IFN-SPARING TREATMENT WITH THE PROTEASE INHIBITOR BI 201335, THE HCV POLYMERASE INHIBITOR BI 207127 AND RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C“, HEPATOLOGY, WILLIAMS AND WILKINS, BALTIMORE, MD, US, vol. 52, no. Suppl, 1 October 2010 (2010-10-01), pages 876A-877A, XP009154421, ISSN: 0270-9139
16	*	ZEUZEM STEFAN ET AL: “VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO AN INTERFERON-FREE REGIMEN OF BI201335 AND BI207127, WITH AND WITHOUT RIBAVIRIN, IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENOTYPE-1 HCV INFECTION: WEEK 12 INTERIM RESULTS OF THE SOUND-C2 STUDY“, HEPATOLOGY, WILLIAMS AND WILKINS, BALTIMORE, MD, US, vol. 54, no. Suppl. 1, 1 November 2011 (2011-11-01), page 1436A, XP009163087, ISSN: 0270-9139, DOI: 10.1002/HEP.24666 [retrieved on 2011-09-30]

…………………………………………………………

WO2013147750A1

The following……

having the chemical name: (E)-3-[2-(l-{ [2-(5-Bromo-pyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-l- methyl-lH-indole-6-carbonyl]-amino}-cyclobutyl)-3-methyl-3H-benzimidazol-5-yl]- acrylic acid, is known as a selective and potent inhibitor of the HCV NS5B RNA- dependent RNA polymerase and useful in the treatment of HCV infection. Compound (2) falls within the scope of HCV inhibitors disclosed in U.S. Patents 7,141,574 and

7,582,770, and US Application Publication 2009/0087409. Compound (2) is disclosed specifically as Compound # 3085 in U.S. Patent 7,582,770. Compound (2), and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, can be prepared according to the general procedures found in the above-cited references, all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Preferred forms of Compound (2) include the crystalline forms, in particular the crystalline sodium salt form which is prepared as herein described.

It is known in the art that particular HCV subtypes and patient subgenotypes may respond differently to HCV therapy. HCV Genotype la is traditionally more difficult to treat and are less responsive to antiviral therapy than Genotype lb. See, e.g., Ghany, Marc et al. “An Update on Treatment of Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: 2011 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases”, Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

Hepatology, 54(4): 1433-44 (2011)). In addition, and particularly with interferon-based therapy, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on the long arm of chromosome 19 within the gene cluster of IL-28B (Interleukin (IL) 28B, (also called lambda interferon), of the patient undergoing therapy can directly effect the

responsiveness of that patient to the antiviral therapy. In particular, patients having a non- CC genotype of SNP rsl2979860 or a non-TT genotype of rs 8099917 are traditionally more difficult to treat and are less responsive in terms of a sustained virological response (SVR) than patients having the CC or TT genotype.. The SNP that was most strongly associated with SVR in the genome-wide analysis was rs 12979860 followed by rs 8099917. See, e.g., Ge et al., Nature, 461 :399-401 (2009) and Balagopal,

Gastroenterology, 139: 1865-1876 (2010). See G. Cairns, “Gene variant that helps hepatitis C treatment may hinder HIV treatment”, 2011, at:

http://www.bhiva.org^ Thus, there is a need in the art for therapies that are effective against even the more difficult-to-treat patient subpopulations, particularly those exhibiting HCV subtype la and the non-CC IL28B subgenotype, as well as those exhibiting compensated liver disease.

Examples

I. Methods for Preparing Compound (1)

Methods for preparing amorphous Compound (1) and a general description of

pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms can be found in US Patents 6,323,180, 7,514,557 and 7,585,845. Methods for preparing additional forms of Compound (1), in particular the crystalline sodium salt form, can be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0093792.

II. Formulations of Compound (1) Case No. : 09-0592-PCT

One example of a pharmaceutical formulation of Compound (1) include an oral solution formulation as disclosed in WO 2010/059667. Additional examples include capsules containing a lipid-based liquid formulation, as disclosed in WO 201 1/005646. III. Methods for Preparing Compound (2)

Methods for preparing amorphous Compound (2) can be found in U.S. Patents 7, 141 ,574 and 7,582,770, and US Application Publication 2009/0087409.

The following Example provides the method for preparing an additional form of

Compound (2), the sodium salt form, that may be used in the present invention.

Example 1 – Preparation of Compound (2) Sodium Salt

Step 1. Synthesis of Isopropyl 3-Cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxylate

Because of the instability of brominated product, methyl 3 -cyclopentyl- 1 -methyl- 1Η- indole-6-carboxylate needed to be converted into the more stable isopropyl 3-cyclopentyl- l-methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxylate via a simple and high yielding operation. The conversion worked the best with stoichiometric amounts of solid lithium isopropoxide. Use of 0.1 eq lithium isopropoxide led to longer reaction times and as a result to more hydrolysis by-product, while lithium isopropoxide solution in THF caused a problematic isolation and required distillation of THF.

Procedure: Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

The mixture of methyl 3 -cyclopentyl- 1 -methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxylate (50.0 g, 0.194 mol) and lithium isopropoxide (16.2 g, 95%, 0.233 mol) in 2-propanol was stirred at 65+5 °C for at least 30 min for complete trans-esterification. The batch was cooled to 40+5 °C and water (600 g) was added at a rate to maintain the batch temperature at 40+5°C. After addition, the mixture was cooled to 20-25 °C over 2+0.5 h and held at 20-25 °C for at least 1 h. The batch was filtered and rinsed with 28 wt% 2-propanol in water (186 g), and water (500 g). The wet cake was dried in vacuo (< 200 Torr) at 40-45 °C until the water content was < 0.5% to give isopropyl 3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxylate (52.7 g, 95% yield) in 99.2 A% (240 nm).

The starting material methyl 3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxylate can be prepared as described in Example 12 of U.S. Patent 7,141,574, and in Example 12 of U.S. Patent 7,642,352, both herein incorporated by reference.

Step 2. Synthesis of Isopropyl 2-Bromo-3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6- carboxylate

This process identified the optimal conditions for the synthesis of 2-bromo-3-cyclopentyl- l-methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxylate via bromination of the corresponding 3 -cyclopentyl- 1- methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxylate with bromine. It’s very important to control the reaction temperature and to quench the reaction mixture with a mixture of aqueous sodium thiosulfate and 4-methylmorpholine to minimize the formation of the dibromo- and 2- indolone impurities. Further neutralization of the crude product with NaOH in isopropanol greatly increases the stability of the isolated product. Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

Procedure:

The mixture of isopropyl 3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxylate (50.0 g, 0.175 mol) and acetonitrile (393 g) was cooled to -6+3 °C. Bromine (33.6 g, 0.210 mol) was added while the batch was maintained at -6+3°C. The resulting slurry was stirred at – 6+3°C for at least 30 min. When HPLC showed > 94 % conversion (the HPLC sample must be quenched immediately with aqueous 4-methylmorpholine/sodium thiosulfate solution), the mixture was quenched with a solution of sodium thiosulfate (15.3 g) and 28.4 g 4-methylmorpholine in water (440 g) while the temperature was maintained at -5+5 °C. After it was stirred at 0+5 °C for at least 2 h, the batch was filtered and rinsed with 85 wt methanol/water solution (415 g), followed by water (500 g), and dried until water content is < 30%. The wet cake was suspended in 2-propanol (675 g), and heated to 75+5 °C. The resulting hazy solution was treated with 1.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (9.1 g) and then with 135.0 g water at a rate to maintain the batch at 75+5°C. The suspension was stirred at 75+5°C for at least 30 min, cooled to 15+2 °C over 30-40 min, and held at 15+2 °C for at least 1 h. The batch was filtered, rinsed with 75 wt% 2-propanol/water solution (161 g), and dried in vacuo (<200 Torr) at 50-60 °C until the water content was < 0.4% to give isopropyl 2-bromo-3-cyclopentyl-l -methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxylate as a solid (55.6 g, 87 % yield ) in 99.5 A% (240 nm) and 97.9 Wt%. Alternative Procedure:

The mixture of isopropyl 3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxylate (84 g, 0.294 mol) and isopropyl acetate (1074 g) was cooled to between -10-0 °C. Bromine (50 g, 0.312 mol) was added while the batch was maintained at -10 – 0 °C. The resulting slurry was stirred at the same temperature for additional 30 min and quenched with a pre-cooled solution of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (13 g) and triethylamine (64.5 g) in water (240 g) while the temperature was maintained at 0-10 °C. The mixture was heated to 40 – 50 °C and charged with methanol (664 g). After it was stirred at the same temperature for at least 0.5 h, the batch was cooled to 0 – 10 °C and stirred for another 1 hr. The precipitate was filtered, rinsed with 56 wt% methanol/water solution (322 g), and dried in vacuo (<200 Case No. : 09-0592-PCT

Torr) at 50-60 °C until the water content was < 0.4% to give isopropyl 2-bromo-3- cyclopentyl-l -methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxylate as a beige solid (90-95 g, 80-85 % yield ).

Step 3a,b. Preparation of compound I by one-pot Pd-catalyzed borylation- Suzuki coupling reaction

To a clean and dry reactor containing 20.04 g of isopropyl 2-bromo-3-cyclopentyl- l- methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxylate, 1.06 g of Pd(TFP)2Cl2(3 mol%) and 0.76 g of tri(2- furyl)phosphine (6 mol%) was charged 8.35 g of triethylamine (1.5 equivalent), 39.38 g of CH3CN at 23+10 °C under nitrogen or argon and started agitation for 10 min. 9.24 g of 4,4,5, 5-tetramethyl-l ,3,2-dioxaborolane was charged into the reactor. The mixture was heated to reflux (ca. 81 -83 °C) and stirred for 6h until the reaction completed. The batch was cooled to 30+5 °C and quenched with a mixture of 0.99 g of water in 7.86 g of

CH3CN. 17.24 g of 5-bromo-2-iodopyrimidine and 166.7 g of degassed aqueous potassium phosphate solution (pre-prepared from 46.70 g of K3PO4 and 120 g of H20) was charged subsquently under argon or nitrogen. The content was heated to reflux (ca. 76-77 °C) for 2 h until the reaction completed. 4.5 g of 1-methylimidazole was charged into the reactor at 70 °C. The batch was cooled to 20+3 °C over 0.5h and hold at 20+3 °C for at least lh. The solid was collected by filtration. The wet cake was first rinsed with 62.8 g of 2-propanol, Case No. : 09-0592-PCT

followed by 200 g of H20. The solid was dried under vacuum at the temperature below 50 °C.

Into a dry and clean reactor was charged dried I, 10 wt Norit SX Ultra and 5 V of THF. The content was heated at 60+5 °C for at least 1 h. After the content was cooled to 35+5 °C, the carbon was filtered off and rinsed with 3 V of THF. The filtrate was charged into a clean reactor containing 1-methylimidazole (10 wt % relative to I). After removal of 5 V of THF by distillation, the content was then cooled to 31 ±2 °C. After the agitation rate was adjusted to over 120 rpm, 2.5 V of water was charged over a period of at least 40 minutes while maintaining the content temperature at 31 + 2 °C. After the content was agitated at 31 + 2 °C for additional 20 min, 9.5 V of water was charged into the reactor over a period of at least 30 minutes at 31 + 2 °C. The batch was then cooled to about 25 + 3 °C and stirred for additional 30 minutes. The solid was collected and rinsed with 3 V of water. The wet product I was dried under vacuum at the temperature below 50 °C (19.5 g, 95 wt , 76% yield).

Alternative Procedure:

To a clean and dry reactor containing 40 g of isopropyl 2-bromo-3-cyclopentyl- l-methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxylate (0.1 10 mol), 0.74 g of Pd(OAc)2 (3.30 mmol, 3 mol% equiv.) and 3.2 g of tri(2-furyl)phosphine (13.78 mmol, 12.5 mol% equiv.) was charged 16.8 g of triethylamine (1.5 equivalent), 100 mL of acetonitrile at 25 °C under nitrogen or argon. 20.8 g of 4,4,5, 5-tetramethyl- l ,3,2-dioxaborolane was charged into the reactor within 30 min. The mixture was heated to reflux (ca. 81 -83 °C) and stirred for over 5 hrs until the reaction completed. The batch was cooled to 20 °C and quenched with a mixture of 2.7 g of water in 50 mL of CH3CN. The batch was warmed to 30 °C, stirred for 1 hr and transferred to a second reactor containing 34.4 g of 5-bromo-2-iodopyrimidine in 100 mL of acetonitrile. The reactor was rinsed with 90 mL of acetonitrile. To the second reactor was charged with degassed aqueous potassium phosphate solution (pre-prepared from 93.2 g of K3PO4 and 100 g of H20) under argon or nitrogen. The content was heated to reflux (ca. 80 °C) for over 3 h until the reaction completed. 9.2 g of 1 -methylimidazole was charged into the reactor at 70 °C and the mixture was stirred for at least 10 min. The aqueous phase was removed after phase separation. 257 g of isopropanol was charged at 70 Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

°C. The batch was cooled slowly to 0 °C and hold for at least 1 h. The solid was collected by filtration. The wet cake was rinsed twice with 2-propanol (2 x 164 g) and dried under vacuum at the temperature below 50 °C to give I as a yellow to brown solid (26 g, 75% yield).

Step 4. Hydrolysis of I to II

I (20 g) and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) (113 g) were charged into a clean reactor under nitrogen. After the batch was heated to 50-53 °C with agitation, premixed aq. NaOH (5.4 g of 50% aq. NaOH and 14.3 g of water) was introduced into the reactor. The resulting mixture was stirred at 50-53 °C for about 10 hrs until the reaction completed. A premixed aq. HOAc (60 g of water and 9.0 g of HOAc) was added over 0.5 h at 45 ±5 °C to reach pH 5.5- 7.5. The batch was cooled to 20+5 °C and then kept for at least 1.0 h. The solid product was collected and rinsed with 80 g of NMP/water (1 :3 volume ratio) and then 60 g of water. The product was dried under vacuum at the temperature below 50 °C to give II as a pale yellow powder (19 -20 g, purity > 99.0 A% and 88.4 wt%, containing 5.4 wt% NMP). The yield is about 93-98%.

Notes: The original procedure used for the hydrolysis of I was carried out with aq. NaOH (2.5 eq) in MeOH/THF at 60 °C. Although it has been applied to the preparation of II on several hundred grams scale, one disadvantage of this method is the formation of 5-MeO pyrimidine during hydrolysis (ca. 0.4 A%), which is extremely difficult to remove in the subsequent steps. In addition, careful control has to be exerted during crystallization. Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

Otherwise, a thick slurry might form during acidification with HO Ac. The use of NMP as solvent could overcome all aforementioned issues and give the product with desired purity.

Alternative Process

To a reactor was charged I (71 g), isopropanol (332 g), aqueous NaOH (22 g, 45 wt ) and water (140 g) at ambient temperature. The mixture was heated to reflux (80 °C) and stirred for at least 3 hrs until the reaction completed. The batch was cooled to 70 °C and charged a suspension of charcoal (3.7 g) in isopropanol (31 g). The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for over 10 min and filtered. The residue was rinsed with isopropanol (154 g). Water (40 g) was charged to the filtrate at 70 – 80 °C, followed by slow addition of 36% HC1 solution (20 g) to reach pH 5- 6. The batch was stirred for over 30 min at 70 °C, then cooled to 20 °C over 1 hr and kept for at least 1.0 h. The solid product was collected and rinsed with 407 g of isopropanol/water (229 g IPA, 178 g H20). The product was dried under vacuum at 80 °C for over 5 hrs to give II as a white powder (61 g, 95% yield).

Notes on Steps 5 to 8 below:

A concise and scalable 4-step process for the preparation of the benzimidazole

intermediate V was developed. The first step was the preparation of 4-chloro-2-(methyl)- aminonitrobenzene starting from 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene using aqueous methyl amine in DMSO at 65 °C. Then, a ligandless Heck reaction with n-butyl acrylate in the presence of Pd(OAc)2, ‘PrzNEt, LiCl, and DMAc at 110 °C was discovered.

Step 5: SNAr reaction of (5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-methylamine

To a solution of (5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-methylamine (40 g, 208.3 mmol, 1 equiv) in DMSO (160 mL) was added 40% MeNH2solution in water (100 mL, 1145. 6 mmol, 5.5 eq) slowly keeping the temperature below 35 °C. The reaction was stirred at r.t. until the Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

complete consumption of the starting material (>10 h). Water (400 mL) was added to the resulting orange slurry and stirred at r.t. for additional 2 h. The solid was filtered, rinsed with water (200 mL) and dried under reduced pressure at 40 °C. (5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)- methylamine (36.2 g, 93% yield, 94 A% purity) was isolated as a solid.

Step 6: Heck Reaction of (5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-methylamine

DMAc (5 vol), 1 10 °C, 7-22 h To a mixture of 4-chloro-2-methylaminonitrobenzene (50.0 g, 268.0 mmol, 1.0 eq),

Pd(OAc)2 (0.30 g, 1.3 mmol, 0.005 eq) and LiCI (11.4 g 268.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMAc (250 mL) was added ‘Pr2NEt (56 mL, 321.5 mmol, 1.2 eq) followed by n-butyl acrylate (40 mL, 281.4 mmol, 1.05 eq) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 12 h, then cooled to 50 °C. 1 -methylimidazole (10.6 mL, 134.0 mmol, 0.5 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min before filtering and adding water (250 mL). The resulting mixture was cooled to r.t. over 1 h. The resulting solid was filtered and washed with water and dried to yield n-butyl 3-methylamino-4-nitrocinnamate (71.8 g, 96 %, 99.2 A% purity).

Step 7: Reduction of n-butyl (3-methylamino-4-nitro)-cinnamate

III Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

To a reactor was charged n-butyl 3-methylamino-4-nitrocinnamate (70.0 g, mmol, 1.0 eq) , Raney Ni (4.9 g, ~20wt% H20), charcoal “Norit SX Ultra” (3.5 g), toluene (476 mL) and MeOH (224 mL). The reactor was charged with hydrogen (4 bar) and the mixture was stirred at 20- 25 °C for about 2 hrs until the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and rinsed the filter residue with toluene (70 mL). To the combined filtrates were added “Norit SX Ultra” charcoal (3.5 g). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 1.0 hr and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove solvents to 50% of the original volume. The remained content was heated to 70 °C and charged slowly methyl cyclohexane (335 mL) at the same temperature. The mixture was cooled to about 30 – 40 °C and seeded with III seed crystals, then slowly cooled the suspension to— 10 °C. The solid was filtered and rinsed with methyl cyclohexane in three portions (3 x 46 mL). The wet cake was dried in vacuo at 40 °C to give III (53.3 g, 215 mmol, 86%).

Step 8: Preparation of benzimidazole V

DCC

To reactor-1 was charged III (35 g, 140.95 mmol) in toluene (140 g). The mixture was heated to 50 °C to obtain a clear solution. To a second reactor was charged IV (36.4 g, 169.10 mmol) and toluene (300 g), followed by addition of a solution of dicyclohexyl carbodimide (11.6 g, in 50% toluene, 28.11 mmol) at 0 – 10 °C. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 15 min, then charged parallelly with the content of reactor-1 and the solution of dicyclohexyl carbodimide (52.4 g, in 50% toluene, 126.98 mmol) within 1 hr while maintaining the batch temperature at 0 – 10 °C. The mixture was agitated at the same temperature for 3 hrs, and warmed to 25 °C for another 1 hr. Once III was consumed, toluene (-300 mL) was distilled off under reduced pressure at 70 – 80 °C. n-Butanol (200 g) was added, followed by 3 M HCI solution in n-butanol (188 g) while maintaining the Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

temperature at 70 – 80 °C (Gas evolution, product precipitates). After stirring for over 30 min. at 70 – 80 °C, the mixture was cooled to 20 – 30 °C over 1 hr. The precipitate was filtered and washed with acetone (172 g) and toluene (88 g). The wet cake was dried in vacuo at -60 °C to give V toluene solvate as off white solid (60 – 72 g, 85 – 95% yield). Compound V could be used directly for the next step or basified prior to next step to obtain the free base compound VI used in the next step.

Step 9. Synthesis of (E)-Butyl 3-(2-(l-(2-(5-Bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-l- hydroxy-lH-indole-6-carboxamido)cyclobutyl)-l-methyl-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-6- yl)acrylate VII

5) MeOH/H20

Notes:

The conversion of the acid into acid chloride was achieved using inexpensive thionyl chloride in the presence of catalytic amount of NMP or DMF. An efficient crystallization was developed for the isolation of the desired product in high yield and purity.

Procedure (using free base VI):

To the suspension of 2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6- carboxylic acid II (see Step 4) (33.36 g, 90.0 wt %, containing -0.2 equiv of NMP from previous step,75.00 mmol) in THF (133.4 g) was added thionyl chloride (10.71 g). The mixture was stirred at 25+5 °C for at least 1 h. After the conversion was completed as determined by HPLC (as derivative of diethylamine), the mixture was cooled to 10+5 °C and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (378.77 g, 300 mmol) below 25 °C. A solution of (E)-butyl 3-(2-(l-aminocyclobutyl)-l-methyl-lH-benzo[if|imidazol-6-yl)acrylate VI (25.86 g, 97.8 Wt%, 77.25 mmol) dissolved in THF (106.7 g) was added at a rate to maintain the Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

temperature of the content < 25 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25+5 °C for at least 30 min for completion of the amide formation. The mixture was distilled at normal pressure to remove ca. 197 mL (171.5 g) of volatiles (Note: the distillation can also be done under reduced pressure). The batch was adjusted to 40+5 °C, and MeOH (118.6 g) was added. Water (15.0 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at 40+5 °C until crystallization occurred (typically in 30 min), and held for another 1 h. Water (90 g) was charged at 40+5 °C over 1 h, and the batch was cooled to 25+5 °C in 0.5 h, and held for at least 1 h. The solid was filtered, rinsed with a mixture of MeOH (39.5 g), water (100 g), and dried in vacuo (< 200 Torr) at 50+5 °C to give (E)-butyl 3-(2-(l-(2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3- cyclopentyl- 1 -methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxamido)cyclobutyl)- 1 -methyl- 1H- benzo[if|imidazol-6-yl)acrylate VII (51.82 g, 96.6 % yield) with a HPLC purity of 98.0 A% (240 nm) and 99.0 Wt%.

Alternative Process (using compound V from Step 8)

To reactor 1 was charged 2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6- carboxylic acid II (33.6 g), toluene (214 g) and N-methylpyrrolidone (1.37 g). The mixture was heated to 40 °C, then added a solution of thionyl chloride (13 g) in toluene (17 g). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for at least 0.5 h and cooled to 30 °C. To a second reactor was charged with compound V (the bis-HCl salt toluene solvate from Step 8) (39.4 g), toluene (206 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (70.8 g) at 25 °C. The content of reactor 1 was transferred to reactor 2 at 30 °C and rinsed with toluene (50 g). The mixture was stirred at 30 °C for another 0.5 h, then charged with isopropanol (84 g) and water (108 g) while maintained the temperature at 25 °C. After stirring for 10 min, remove the aqueous phase after phase cutting. To the organic phase was charged isopropanol (43 g), water (54 g) and stirred for 10 min. The aqueous phase was removed after phase cutting. The mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to remove ca.250 mL of volatiles, followed by addition of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, 238 g). The batch was stirred at 65 °C for over 1 hr, then cooled to 20 C over 1 hr and held for another 1 hr at the same temperature. The solid was filtered, rinsed with MTBE (95 g), and dried in vacuo at 80 °C to give (E)-butyl 3-(2-(l-(2- Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxamido)cyclobutyl) methyl- lH-benzo[if|imidazol-6-yl)acrylate VII as a beige solid (50 g, 90 % yield).

Step 10. Synthesis of (E)-3-(2-(l-(2-(5-Bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-l-methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxamido)cyclobutyl)-l-methyl-lH-benzo[</]imidazol-6-yl)acrylic acid (Compound (1))

Notes:

In this process, hydrolysis of (E)-butyl 3-(2-(l-(2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl- l-methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxamido)cyclobutyl)-l-methyl-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-6- yl)acrylate was carried out in mixture of THF/MeOH and aq NaOH. Controlled acidification of the corresponding sodium salt with acetic acid is very critical to obtain easy-filtering crystalline product in high yield and purity.

Procedure:

To the suspension of (E)-butyl 3-(2-(l-(2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-l- methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxamido)cyclobutyl)-l-methyl-lH-benzo[(i]imidazol-6- yl)acrylate VII (489.0 g, 91.9 Wt%, 633.3 mmol) in THF (1298 g) and MeOH (387 g) was added 50% NaOH (82.7 g, 949.9 mmol), followed by rinse with water (978 g). The mixture was stirred between 65-68 C for about 1 h for complete hydrolysis. The resulting solution was cooled to 35 C, and filtered through an in-line filter (0.5 micron), and rinsed with a pre-mixed solution of water (978 g) and MeOH (387 g). The solution was heated to Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

60 +4 C, and acetic acid (41.4 g, 689 mmol) was added over 1 h while the mixture was well agitated. The resulting suspension was stirred at 60 ±4 C for 0.5 h. Another portion of acetic acid (41.4 g, 689 mmol) was charged in 0.5 h, and batch was stirred at 60 ±4 C for additional 0.5 h. The batch was cooled to 26 ±4 C over 1 h and held for 1 h. The batch was filtered, rinsed with a premixed solution of water (1956 g) and MeOH (773.6 g), dried at 50 C under vacuum to give (E)-3-(2-(l-(2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-l- methyl-lH-indole-6-carboxamido)cyclobutyl)-l-methyl-lH-benzo[(i]imidazol-6-yl)acrylic acid (1) (419.0 g, 95 % yield) with > 99.0 A% (240 nm) and 94.1 Wt% by HPLC. Step 11. Formation of Compound (1) Sodium Salt (Type A)

To a reactor were charged Compound (1) (150 g, mmol), THF (492 mL), H20 (51 mL) and 45% aqueous NaOH solution (20.4 g, mmol). The mixture was stirred for >1 hr at -25 °C to form a clear solution (pH = 9 -11). To the solution was charged a suspension of Charcoal (1.5 g) and H20 (27 mL). The mixture was stirred at -35 °C for >30 min and filtered. The filter was rinsed with THF (108 mL) and H20 (21 mL). The filtrate was heated to 50 °C and charged with methyl ethylketone (MEK) (300 mL). The mixture was seeded with Compound (1) sodium salt MEK solvate (Type A) seeds (0.5 g) and stirred for another 1 hr at 50 °C. To the mixture was charged additional MEK (600 mL). The resultant mixture was stirred for another 1 hr at 50 °C and then cooled to 25 °C. The precipitate was filtered and rinsed with MEK twice (2 x 300 mL). The wet cake was dried in vacuum at 80 °C to give Compound (1) sodium salt (Type A) (145.6 g, 94%). Case No.: 09-0592-PCT

The Compound (1) sodium salt (Type A) MEK solvate seeds used in the above process step can be manufactured by the above process except without using seeds and without drying of the solvate.

ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

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No.	Major Technical Classification	Publication No.	Patent No.	Legal Status	Filling Date	Estimated Expiry Date
1	Preparation	CN1051038A	CN1027505C	Granted/expired	1990/10/19	2010/10/19
2	Preparation	CN1107146A	CN1048484C	Granted/expired	1990/10/19	2010/10/19
3	Formulation	CN1091288A		Withdrawn	1993/7/2
4	Uses	CN1120810A		Withdrawn	1994/2/22
5	Uses	CN1700919A	CN100577171C	Granted	2004/2/23	2024/2/23
6	Preparation	CN101273017A	CN101273017B	Granted	2006/9/1	2026/9/1
7	Preparation	CN102219741A	CN102219741B	Granted	2006/9/1	2026/9/1
8	Preparation	CN102746229A	CN102746229B	Granted	2006/9/1	2026/9/1
9	Preparation	CN101967107A	CN101967107B	Granted	2006/9/1	2026/9/1
10	Formulation	CN101340882A	CN101340882B	Granted	2006/12/21	2026/12/21
11	Formula	CN101346390A	CN101346390B	Granted	2006/12/22	2026/12/22
12	Combination	CN101808517A		Examination	2008/5/12
13	Combination	CN103550233A		Examination	2008/5/12
14	Formulation	CN103463095A		Examination	2008/6/20
15	Formulation	CN101686941A		Examination	2008/6/20
16	Formulation	CN103989644A		Examination	2008/6/20
17	Formula	CN101687805A		Refusal	2008/6/26
18	Formula	CN103342679A		Examination	2008/6/26
19	Formula	CN103342680A		Examination	2008/6/26
20	Formulation	CN101854920A	CN101854920B	Granted	2008/9/26	2028/9/26
21	Formulation	CN102143738A		Examination	2009/8/26
22	Formula	CN102753530A	CN102753530B	Examination	2010/10/25	2030/10/25
23	Others	CN104447555A		Examination	2010/10/25
24	Combination	CN104334176A		Publication	2013/5/30

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