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Tecovirimat

July 14, 2018 2:05 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | Tecovirimat | C19H15F3N2O3

Tecovirimat

Molecular FormulaC₁₉H₁₅F₃N₂O₃
Average mass376.329 Da

816458-31-8 [RN]

869572-92-9 [RN]

UNII-F925RR824R

тековиримат [Russian]

تيكوفيريمات [Arabic]

替韦立马 [Chinese]

Benzamide, N-[(3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,6S,6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-

N-[(1R,2R,6S,7S,8S,10R)-3,5-Dioxo-4-azatetracyclo[5.3.2.0^2,6.0^8,10]dodec-11-en-4-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

INGREDIENT	UNII	CAS	INCHI KEY
Tecovirimat monohydrate	SB96YO2BR8	1162664-19-8	QRHXYGPOQKLBJP-NPIFKJBVSA-N

Tecovirimat, sold under the brand name Tpoxx among others,^[6] is an antiviral medication with activity against orthopoxviruses such as smallpox and monkeypox.^[4]^[7]^[8] It is the first antipoxviral drug approved in the United States.^[9]^[10] It is an inhibitor of the orthopoxvirus VP37 envelope wrapping protein.^[4]

The drug works by blocking cellular transmission of the virus, thus preventing the disease.^[11] Tecovirimat has been effective in laboratory testing; it has been shown to protect animals from monkeypox and rabbitpox and causes no serious side effects in humans.^[6] Tecovirimat was first used for treatment in December 2018, after a laboratory-acquired vaccinia virus infection.^[12]

Two million doses of tecovirimat are stockpiled in the US Strategic National Stockpile should an orthopoxvirus-based bioterror attack occur.^[13]^[14] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.^[15]

The World Health Organization declared smallpox, a contagious and sometimes fatal infectious disease, eradicated in 1980. However, there have been longstanding concerns that smallpox may be used as a bioweapon.^2,5 Tecovirimat is an antiviral drug that was identified via a high-throughput screen in 2002.² It is effective against all orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia, cowpox, ectromelia, rabbitpox, monkeypox, and Variola (smallpox) virus.^1,4

Tecovirimat was approved by the FDA in July 2018 as the first drug ever approved to treat smallpox.^6,5 Tecovirimat was later approved by Health Canada in December 2021,⁷ followed by the approval from the European Commission in January 2022.⁹ Other than smallpox, tecovirimat is also indicated to treat complications due to replication of the vaccinia virus following vaccination against smallpox, and to treat monkeypox and cowpox in adults and children.⁸ Tecovirimat is available as both oral and intravenous formulations.¹⁰

Medical uses

In the United States, tecovirimat is indicated for the treatment of human smallpox disease.^[4] In the European Union it is indicated for the treatment of smallpox, monkeypox, and cowpox.^[5]

Mechanism of action

Tecovirimat inhibits the function of a major envelope protein required for the production of extracellular virus. The drug prevents the virus from leaving an infected cell, hindering the spread of the virus within the body.^[16]

Chemistry

The first synthesis of tecovirimat was published in a patent filed by scientists at Siga Technologies in 2004. It is made in two steps from cycloheptatriene.^[17]

A Diels–Alder reaction with maleic anhydride forms the main ring system^[18] and subsequent reaction with 4-trifluormethylbenzhydrazide gives the cyclic imide of the drug.^[17]^[19]

Synthesis

US 9,546,137 [2017, to SIGA TECH INC]

SYNTHESIS FROM SMARTCHEM

The scheme has taken from SmartChem a knowledgebase by ROW2 Technologies, Inc. (www.row2technologies.com)

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SYN 1

Synthetic Description

Reference: Dong, Ming-xin; Li, Hai-tao; Wang, Xiao-hua; Mao, Wen-xiang; Zhou, Shang-min; Dai, Qiu-yun. Preparation and structural determination of tecovirimat monohydrate crystal. Zhongguo Xinyao Zazhi. Volume 21. Issue 23. Pages 2736-2739. (2012).

SYN 2

Synthetic Description

Reference: Dai, Dongcheng. Process for the preparation of tecovirimat. Assignee Siga Technologies, Inc., USA. WO 2014028545. (2014).

SYN 3

Synthetic Description

Reference: Medical composition containing ST-246, its preparation and anti-poxvirus application. Assignee Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA, Peop. Rep. China. CN 101912389. (2010).

EMA

Click to access tecovirimat-siga-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/US9546137B2/en

The present invention provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in Scheme 1

The present invention also provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in Scheme 2

The present invention further provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in Scheme 3

The present invention also provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in Scheme 4

The present invention further provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in Scheme 5

The present invention also provides the following compounds useful in the synthesis of ST-246:

EXAMPLE 1Synthetic Route I

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 6 (P=Boc)

To a mixture of compound 3 (5.0 g, 26.3 mmol, synthesized according to WO04112718) in EtOH (80 mL, EMD, AX0441-3) was added tert-butyl carbazate 5 (3.65 g, 27.6 mmol, Aldrich, 98%). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. LC-MS analysis of the reaction mixture showed less than 5% of compound 3 remained. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from EtOAc-hexanes, the solid was filtered, washed with hexanes (50 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford compound 6 (3.1 g, 39% yield) as a white solid. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25% EtOAc in hexanes to give an additional 3.64 g (46% yield) of compound 6 as a white solid. Total yield: 6.74 g (84% yield). ¹H NMR in CDCl₃: δ 6.30 (br s, 1H), 5.79 (t, 2H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 3.04 (s, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.06-1.16 (m, 2H), 0.18-0.36 (m, 2H); Mass Spec: 327.2 (M+Na)⁺

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 7 (HCl Salt)

Compound 6 (3.6 g, 11.83 mmol) was dissolved in i-PrOAc (65 mL, Aldrich, 99.6%). 4M HCl in dioxane (10.4 mL, 41.4 mmol, Aldrich) was added drop-wise to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (18 h) under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with i-PrOAc (15 mL) and dried under vacuum to yield HCl salt of compound 7 (1.9 g, 67% yield) as a white solid. The filtrate was concentrated to ⅓ its volume and stirred at 10-15° C. for 30 min. The solid was filtered, washed with minimal volume of i-PrOAc and dried to afford additional 0.6 g (21% yield) of compound 7. Total yield: 2.5 g (88% yield). ¹H NMR in DMSO-d6: δ 6.72 (br s, 3H), 5.68 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 2H), 1.07-1.17 (m, 2H), 0.18-0.29 (m, 1H), −0.01-0.07 (m, 1H); Mass Spec: 205.1 (M+H)⁺

Step C. Synthesis of ST-246

To a mixture of compound 7 (0.96 g, 4 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (19 mL) was added triethylamine (1.17 mL, 8.4 mmol, Aldrich) keeping the temperature below 20° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 5 minutes at 15-20° C., to it was added drop-wise 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 (0.63 mL, 4.2 mmol, Aldrich, 97%) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (18 h). LC-MS and TLC analysis showed the correct molecular weight and R_fvalue of ST-246 but the reaction was not complete. Additional 0.3 mL (2 mmol, 0.5 eq) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 was added to the reaction mixture at 15-20° C. The reaction was then stirred at room temperature overnight (19 h). LC-MS analysis indicated ca. 5% of starting material 7 still remained. The reaction was stopped and dichloromethane (30 mL) was added. The organic phase was washed with water (30 mL), saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (30 mL), water (15 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃(30 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30-50% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.34 g, 23% yield) as an off-white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co-injection) were matched with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO04112718 and were consistent.

EXAMPLE 2Synthetic Route II

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 9

A mixture of compound 4 (2.0 g, 9.8 mmol) and maleic anhydride 2 (0.96 g, 9.8 mmol, Aldrich powder, 95%) in o-xylene (100 mL, Aldrich anhydrous, 97%) was heated to reflux using a Dean-Stark trap apparatus overnight. After 18 h, LC-MS analysis at 215 nm showed the desired product 9 (86%), an uncyclized product (2.6%) and a dimer by-product (11.6%).

The reaction mixture was cooled to 45° C. and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL) and the insoluble solid (mostly uncyclized product) was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 50% EtOAc in hexanes to yield compound 9 (1.5 g, 54% yield) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR in CDCl₃: δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 6.88 (s, 2H); Mass Spec: 285.1 (M+H)⁺

Step B. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route II)

A mixture of compound 9 (0.97 g, 3.4 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (0.51 mL, 4.42 mmol, distilled before use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (50 mL, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 95° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. After 1.5 h at 95° C., LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 29% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo=94:6). The resulting solution was continued to be heated at same temperature overnight. After 18 h at 95° C., LC-MS analysis indicated 75% conversion with an endo:exo ratio of 94:6. The reaction temperature was increased to 110° C. and the reaction was monitored. After heating at 110° C. for 7 h, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 96.4% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo=94:6). The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the reside was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.29 g, 22.6% yield, HPLC area 99.7% pure and 100% endo isomer) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co-injection) were matched with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO04112718 and were consistent. An additional 0.5 g of ST-246 (38.9% yield, endo:exo=97:3) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 0.84 g (65.4% yield). ¹H NMR of ST-246 exo isomer in CDCl₃: δ 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 5.96 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 1.17 (s, 2H), 0.24 (q, 1H), 0.13 (m, 1H); Mass Spec: 377.1 (M+H)⁺

EXAMPLE 3Synthetic Route III

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 10

A mixture of maleic anhydride 2 (15.2 g, 155 mmol, Aldrich powder 95%) and tert-butyl carbazate 5 (20.5 g, 155 mmol, Aldrich, 98%) in anhydrous toluene (150 mL, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated to reflux using a Dean-Stark trap apparatus under nitrogen atmosphere. After refluxing for 2 h, no starting material 2 remained and LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed the desired product 10 (20% by HPLC area), imine by-product (18%) and disubstituted by-product (56%). The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 10 (5.98 g, 18% yield, HPLC area >99.5% pure) as a white solid. ¹H NMR in DMSO-d6: δ 9.61 (s, 1H), 7.16 (s, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H); Mass Spec: 235.1 (M+Na)⁺.

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 11 (HCl salt)

Compound 10 (3.82 g, 18 mmol) was dissolved in i-PrOAc (57 mL, Aldrich, 99.6%). 4M HCl in dioxane (15.8 mL, 63 mmol, Aldrich) was added drop-wise to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20° C. The solution was stirred overnight (24 h) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with i-PrOAc (10 mL) and dried at 45° C. under vacuum for 1 h to afford HCl salt of compound 11 (2.39 g, 89% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR in CD₃OD: δ 6.98 (s, 2H); Mass Spec: 113.0 (M+H)⁺

Step C. Synthesis of Compound 9 (Route III)

To a mixture of compound 11 (1.19 g, 8 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (24 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (2.93 mL, 16.8 mmol, Aldrich redistilled grade) keeping the temperature below 20° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 5 minute at 15-20° C. and to it was added 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 (1.31 mL, 8.8 mmol, Aldrich, 97%) drop-wise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5 h. LC-MS analysis showed the correct MW but the reaction was not complete. Additional 0.48 mL (0.4 equiv) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 was added to the reaction mixture at 15-20° C. and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (21 h). The reaction was stopped and dichloromethane (50 mL) was added. The organic phase was washed with water (50 mL), saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (50 mL), water (30 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃(30 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30-35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 9 (0.8 g, 35% yield) as a light pink solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of compound 9 obtained in Synthetic Route II.

Step D. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route III)

A mixture of compound 9 (0.5 g, 1.76 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (0.33 mL, 3.17 mmol, distilled before to use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (10 mL, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 110-115° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. After 6 h, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 95% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo=94:6). The resulting solution was heated at same temperature overnight (22 h). LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed no starting material 9 remained and the desired product (endo:exo=93:7). The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25-35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.39 g, HPLC area >99.5% pure with a ratio of endo:exo=99:1) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co-injection) were compared with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO04112718 and were found to be consistent. An additional 0.18 g of ST-246 (HPLC area >99.5% pure, endo:exo=91:9) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 0.57 g (86% yield).

EXAMPLE 4Synthetic Route IV

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 10

A mixture of maleic anhydride 2 (3.4 g, 34.67 mmol, Aldrich powder, 95%) and tert-butyl carbazate 5 (4.6 g, 34.67 mmol, Aldrich, 98%) in anhydrous toluene (51 mL, Aldrich) was heated to reflux using a Dean-Stark trap apparatus under nitrogen atmosphere. After refluxing for 2.5 h, no starting material 2 remained and LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed the desired product 10 (19% HPLC area), imine by-product (18%) and another by-product (56%). The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 10 (1.0 g, 13.6% yield, HPLC area >99% pure) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of compound 10 obtained in Synthetic Route III.

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 10 (4.4 g, 20.74 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (3.22 mL, 31.1 mmol, distilled before to use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (88 mL, 20 volume, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 95° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. After 15 h at 95° C., LC-MS analysis showed 83% conversion to the desired product. The reaction mixture was heated at 105° C. overnight. After total 40 h at 95-105° C., LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed ˜99% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo=93:7). The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude was purified by column chromatography eluting with 25-50% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 6 (2.06 g, 32.6% yield, HPLC area 99.9% pure and 100% endo isomer) as a white solid. ¹H NMR and LC-MS were consistent with those of compound 6 obtained in Synthetic Route I. An additional 4.0 g of 6 (63.4% yield, HPLC area 93% pure with a ratio of endo:exo=91:9) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 6.06 g (96% yield).

Step C. Synthesis of Compound 7 (HCl salt)

Compound 6 (2.05 g, 6.74 mmol) was dissolved in i-PrOAc (26 mL, Aldrich, 99.6%). 4M HCl in dioxane (5.9 mL, 23.58 mmol, Aldrich) was added drop-wise to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20° C. The solution was stirred overnight (18 h) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with i-PrOAc (5 mL) and dried under vacuum to yield HCl salt of compound 7 (1.57 g, 97% yield) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of compound 7 in Synthetic Route I.

Step D. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route IV)

To a mixture of compound 7 (0.84 g, 3.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (13 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (1.34 mL, 7.7 mmol) keeping the temperature below 20° C. and the resulting solution was stirred for 5-10 minutes. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 (0.57 mL, 3.85 mmol, Aldrich, 97%) was added to above solution keeping the temperature below 20° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Additional 0.2 mL (0.4 equiv) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 was added to the reaction keeping the temperature below 20° C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight (24 h). The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (20 mL). The organic phase was washed with water (20 mL), saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (20 mL), water (20 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃(20 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30-35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.25 g, 19% yield, HPLC area >99.5% pure) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO04112718.

EXAMPLE 5Synthetic Route V

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 13

To a mixture of compound 7 (1.6 g, 6.65 mmol, synthesized according to Synthetic Route I) in dichloromethane (80 mL,) was added triethylamine (2.04 mL, 14.63 mmol) keeping the temperature below 20° C. and the resulting solution was stirred for 5-10 minute. 4-Iodobenzoyl chloride 12 (1.95 g, 7.31 mmol, 1.1 equiv, Aldrich) was added portion-wise under nitrogen atmosphere to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After 17 h and 19 h, additional 0.35 g (0.2 equiv) of acid chloride 12 was added to the reaction keeping the temperature below 20° C. After 24 h, additional 0.18 g (0.1 equiv, used total 1.6 equiv) of acid chloride 12 was added and the reaction was continued to stir at room temperature overnight (total 43 h). LC-MS analysis at 215 nm showed 43% of the desired product (13) and ˜5% of compound 7. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (100 mL), water (100 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃(100 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 25-50% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 13 (1.63 g, 57% yield, HPLC area 93% pure) as a white solid. ¹H NMR in DMSO-d6: δ 11.19 and 10.93 (two singlets with integration ratio of 1.73:1, total of 1H, same proton of two rotamers), 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.66 (d, 2H), 5.80 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 2H), 3.27 (s, 2H), 1.18 (s, 2H), 0.27 (q, 1H), 0.06 (s, 1H); Mass Spec: 435.0 (M+H)⁺

Step B. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route V)

Anhydrous DMF (6 mL) was added to a mixture of compound 13 (0.2 g, 0.46 mmol), methyl 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetate (0.44 mL, 3.45 mmol, Aldrich) and copper (I) iodide (90 mg, 0.47 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at −90° C. for 4 h. LC-MS analysis at 254 nm indicated no starting material 13 remained and showed 48% HPLC area of ST-246. The reaction mixture was cooled to 45° C. and DMF was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was slurried in EtOAc (30 mL) and insoluble solid was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25-35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (55 mg, 32% yield, 95% pure by HPLC at 254 nm) as off-white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO04112718.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014028545A1/en

Example 1 : Synthetic Route I:

P = Boc

Scheme 1

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 6 (P = Boc)

To a mixture of compound 3 (5.0 g, 26.3 mmol, synthesized according to WO041 12718) in EtOH (80 mL, EMD, AX0441 -3) was added terf-butyl carbazate 5 (3.65 g, 27.6 mmol, Aldrich, 98%). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. LC-MS analysis of the reaction mixture showed less than 5% of compound 3 remained. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from EtOAc – hexanes, the solid was filtered, washed with hexanes (50 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford compound 6 (3.1 g, 39% yield) as a white solid. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25% EtOAc in hexanes to give an additional 3.64 g (46% yield) of compound 6 as a white solid. Total yield: 6.74 g (84% yield). ¹H NMR in CDCI₃: δ 6.30 (br s, 1 H), 5.79 (t, 2H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 3.04 (s, 2H), 1 .46 (s, 9H), 1 .06-1 .16 (m, 2H), 0.18-0.36 (m, 2H); Mass Spec: 327.2 (M+Na)⁺

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 7 (HCI salt) Compound 6 (3.6 g, 1 1 .83 mmol) was dissolved in /^‘-PrOAc (65 mL, Aldrich, 99.6%). 4M HCI in dioxane (10.4 mL, 41 .4 mmol, Aldrich) was added drop-wise to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (18 h) under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with /^‘-PrOAc (15 mL) and dried under vacuum to yield HCI salt of compound 7 (1 .9 g, 67% yield) as a white solid. The filtrate was concentrated to 1/3 its volume and stirred at 10 – 15 °C for 30 min. The solid was filtered, washed with minimal volume of /^‘-PrOAc and dried to afford additional 0.6 g (21 % yield) of compound 7. Total yield: 2.5 g (88% yield). ¹ H NMR in DMSO-d6: δ 6.72 (br s, 3H), 5.68 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 2H), 1 .07-1 .17 (m, 2H), 0.18-0.29 (m, 1 H), -0.01 -0.07 (m, 1 H); Mass Spec: 205.1 (M+H)⁺

Step C. Synthesis of ST-246

To a mixture of compound 7 (0.96 g, 4 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (19 mL) was added triethylamine (1 .17 mL, 8.4 mmol, Aldrich) keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The resulting solution was stirred for 5 minutes at 15 – 20 °C, to it was added drop-wise 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 (0.63 mL, 4.2 mmol, Aldrich, 97%) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (18 h). LC-MS and TLC analysis showed the correct molecular weight and R_f value of ST-246 but the reaction was not complete. Additional 0.3 mL (2 mmol, 0.5 eq) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 was added to the reaction mixture at 15 – 20 °C. The reaction was then stirred at room temperature overnight (19 h). LC-MS analysis indicated ca. 5% of starting material 7 still remained. The reaction was stopped and dichloromethane (30 mL) was added. The organic phase was washed with water (30 mL), saturated aqueous NH CI (30 mL), water (15 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (30 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30 – 50% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.34 g, 23% yield) as an off-white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co-injection) were matched with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718 and were consistent. Example 2: Synthetic Route II

Scheme 2

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 9

Uncyclized product (MS = 303) Dimer by-product (MS = 489)

The reaction mixture was cooled to 45 °C and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL) and the insoluble solid (mostly uncyclized product) was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 50% EtOAc in hexanes to yield compound 9 (1 .5 g, 54% yield) as an off-white solid. ¹ H NMR in CDCI₃: δ 8.44 (s, 1 H), 7.91 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 6.88 (s, 2H); Mass Spec: 285.1 (M+H)⁺

Step B. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route II)

A mixture of compound 9 (0.97 g, 3.4 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (0.51 mL, 4.42 mmol, distilled before use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (50 mL, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 95 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After 1 .5 h at 95 °C, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 29% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo = 94:6). The resulting solution was continued to be heated at same temperature overnight. After 18 h at 95 °C, LC-MS analysis indicated 75% conversion with an endo:exo ratio of 94:6. The reaction temperature was increased to 1 10 °C and the reaction was monitored. After heating at 1 10 °C for 7 h, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 96.4% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo = 94:6). The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the reside was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.29 g, 22.6% yield, HPLC area 99.7% pure and 100% endo isomer) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co- injection) were matched with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718 and were consistent. An additional 0.5 g of ST-246 (38.9% yield, endo:exo = 97: 3) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 0.84 g (65.4% yield). ¹H NMR of ST-246 exo isomer in CDCI₃: δ 8.62 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 5.96 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 1 .17 (s, 2H), 0.24 (q, 1 H), 0.13 (m, 1 H); Mass Spec: 377.1 (M+H)⁺

Example 3: Synthetic Route III

ST-246 9

P = Boc Scheme 3

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 10

A mixture of maleic anhydride 2 (15.2 g, 155 mmol, Aldrich powder 95%) and terf-butyl carbazate 5 (20.5 g, 155 mmol, Aldrich, 98%) in anhydrous toluene (150 mL, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated to reflux using a Dean-Stark trap apparatus under nitrogen atmosphere. After refluxing for 2 h, no starting material 2 remained and LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed the desired product 10 (20% by HPLC area), imine byproduct (18%) and disubstituted by-product (56%). The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 10 (5.98 g, 18% yield, HPLC area >99.5% pure) as a white solid. ¹ H NMR in DMSO-d6: δ 9.61 (s, 1 H), 7.16 (s, 2H), 1 .42 (s, 9H); Mass Spec: 235.1 (M+Na)⁺. duct

C₉H₁₂N₂0₄ C₁₄H₂₂N₄05

Mol. Wt.: 212.2 Mol. Wt.: 326.35

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 11 (HCI salt)

Compound 10 (3.82 g, 18 mmol) was dissolved in /^‘-PrOAc (57 mL, Aldrich, 99.6%). 4M HCI in dioxane (15.8 mL, 63 mmol, Aldrich) was added drop-wise to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The solution was stirred overnight (24 h) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with /^‘-PrOAc (10 mL) and dried at 45 °C under vacuum for 1 h to afford HCI salt of compound 11 (2.39 g, 89% yield) as a white solid. ¹ H NMR in CD₃OD: δ 6.98 (s, 2H); Mass Spec: 1 13.0 (M+H)⁺ Step C. Synthesis of Compound 9 (Route III)

To a mixture of compound 11 (1 .19 g, 8 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (24 mL) was added diisopropylethylannine (2.93 mL, 16.8 mmol, Aldrich redistilled grade) keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The resulting solution was stirred for 5 minute at 15 – 20 °C and to it was added 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 (1 .31 mL, 8.8 mmol, Aldrich, 97%) drop-wise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5 h. LC-MS analysis showed the correct MW but the reaction was not complete. Additional 0.48 mL (0.4 equiv) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 was added to the reaction mixture at 15 – 20 °C and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (21 h). The reaction was stopped and dichloromethane (50 mL) was added. The organic phase was washed with water (50 mL), saturated aqueous NH₄CI (50 mL), water (30 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (30 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30 – 35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 9 (0.8 g, 35% yield) as a light pink solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of compound 9 obtained in Synthetic Route II.

Step D. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route III)

A mixture of compound 9 (0.5 g, 1 .76 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (0.33 mL, 3.17 mmol, distilled before to use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (10 mL, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 1 10 – 1 15 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After 6 h, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 95% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo = 94:6). The resulting solution was heated at same temperature overnight (22 h). LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed no starting material 9 remained and the desired product (endo:exo = 93:7). The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25 – 35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.39 g, HPLC area >99.5% pure with a ratio of endo:exo = 99:1 ) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹ H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co-injection) were compared with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718 and were found to be consistent. An additional 0.18 g of ST-246 (HPLC area >99.5% pure, endo:exo = 91 : 9) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 0.57 g (86% yield).

Example 4 ; Synthetic Route IV:

P = Boc

Scheme 4

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 10

A mixture of maleic anhydride 2 (3.4 g, 34.67 mmol, Aldrich powder, 95%) and terf-butyl carbazate 5 (4.6 g, 34.67 mmol, Aldrich, 98%) in anhydrous toluene (51 ml_, Aldrich) was heated to reflux using a Dean-Stark trap apparatus under nitrogen atmosphere. After refluxing for 2.5 h, no starting material 2 remained and LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed the desired product 10 (19% HPLC area), imine by-product (18%) and another by-product (56%). The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 10 (1 .0 g, 13.6% yield, HPLC area >99% pure) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of compound 10 obtained in Synthetic Route III. Im ine by-product

Mol. Wt.: 212.2

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 10 (4.4 g, 20.74 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (3.22 mL, 31 .1 mmol, distilled before to use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (88 mL, 20 volume, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 95 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After 15 h at 95 °C, LC-MS analysis showed 83% conversion to the desired product. The reaction mixture was heated at 105 °C overnight. After total 40 h at 95 – 105 °C, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed -99% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo = 93:7). The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude was purified by column chromatography eluting with 25 – 50 % EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 6 (2.06 g, 32.6% yield, HPLC area 99.9% pure and 100% endo isomer) as a white solid. ¹ H NMR and LC-MS were consistent with those of compound 6 obtained in Synthetic Route I. An additional 4.0 g of 6 (63.4% yield, HPLC area 93% pure with a ratio of endo:exo = 91 : 9) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 6.06 g (96% yield).

Step C. Synthesis of Compound 7 (HCI salt)

Compound 6 (2.05 g, 6.74 mmol) was dissolved in /^‘-PrOAc (26 mL, Aldrich, 99.6%). 4M HCI in dioxane (5.9 mL, 23.58 mmol, Aldrich) was added drop-wise to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The solution was stirred overnight (18 h) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with /^‘-PrOAc (5 mL) and dried under vacuum to yield HCI salt of compound 7 (1 .57 g, 97% yield) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹ H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of compound 7 in Synthetic Route I.

Step D. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route IV) To a mixture of compound 7 (0.84 g, 3.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (13 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (1 .34 mL, 7.7 mmol) keeping the temperature below 20 °C and the resulting solution was stirred for 5 – 10 minutes. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 (0.57 mL, 3.85 mmol, Aldrich, 97%) was added to above solution keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Additional 0.2 mL (0.4 equiv) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 was added to the reaction keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight (24 h). The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (20 mL). The organic phase was washed with water (20 mL), saturated aqueous NH₄CI (20 mL), water (20 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (20 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30 – 35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.25 g, 19% yield, HPLC area >99.5% pure) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718.

Example 5: Synthetic Route V:

Scheme 5 Step A. Synthesis of Compound 13

To a mixture of compound 7 (1 .6 g, 6.65 mmol, synthesized according to Synthetic Route I) in dichloromethane (80 ml_,) was added triethylamine (2.04 ml_, 14.63 mmol) keeping the temperature below 20 °C and the resulting solution was stirred for 5 – 10 minute. 4-lodobenzoyl chloride 12 (1 .95 g, 7.31 mmol, 1 .1 equiv, Aldrich) was added portion-wise under nitrogen atmosphere to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After 17 h and 19 h, additional 0.35 g (0.2 equiv) of acid chloride 12 was added to the reaction keeping the temperature below 20 °C. After 24 h, additional 0.18 g (0.1 equiv, used total 1 .6 equiv) of acid chloride 12 was added and the reaction was continued to stir at room temperature overnight (total 43 h). LC-MS analysis at 215 nm showed 43% of the desired product (13) and -5% of compound 7. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml_). The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NH₄CI (100 ml_), water (100 ml_) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (100 ml_). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na2SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 25 – 50% EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 13 (1 .63 g, 57% yield, HPLC area 93% pure) as a white solid. ¹ H NMR in DMSO-d6: δ 1 1 .19 and 10.93 (two singlets with integration ratio of 1 .73:1 , total of 1 H, same proton of two rotamers), 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.66 (d, 2H), 5.80 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 2H), 3.27 (s, 2H), 1 .18 (s, 2H), 0.27 (q, 1 H), 0.06 (s,1 H); Mass Spec: 435.0 (M+H)⁺

Step B. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route V)

Anhydrous DMF (6 ml_) was added to a mixture of compound 13 (0.2 g, 0.46 mmol), methyl 2, 2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetate (0.44 ml_, 3.45 mmol, Aldrich) and copper (I) iodide (90 mg, 0.47 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at -90 °C for 4 h. LC-MS analysis at 254 nm indicated no starting material 13 remained and showed 48% HPLC area of ST-246. The reaction mixture was cooled to 45 °C and DMF was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was slurried in EtOAc (30 mL) and insoluble solid was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25 – 35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (55 mg, 32% yield, 95% pure by HPLC at 254 nm) as off-white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718.

History

Originally researched by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the drug was owned by Viropharma and discovered in collaboration with scientists at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases.^[] It is owned and manufactured by Siga Technologies. Siga and Viropharma were issued a patent for tecovirimat in 2012.^[20]

Clinical trials

As of 2009, the results of clinical trials support its use against smallpox and other related orthopoxviruses. It shows potential for a variety of uses including preventive healthcare, as a post-exposure therapeutic, as a therapeutic, and an adjunct to vaccination.^[21]^[

Tecovirimat can be taken by mouth and as of 2008, was permitted for phase II trials by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In phase I trials, tecovirimat was generally well tolerated with no serious adverse events.^[22] Due to its importance for biodefense, the FDA designated tecovirimat for fast-track status, creating a path for expedited FDA review and eventual regulatory approval. On 13 July 2018, the FDA announced approval of tecovirimat.^[23]

Society and culture

Legal status

In November 2021, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization under exceptional circumstances for the medicinal product tecovirimat siga, intended for the treatment of orthopoxvirus disease (smallpox, monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia complications) in adults and in children who weigh at least 13 kilograms (29 lb)^[24] The applicant for this medicinal product is Siga Technologies Netherlands B.V.^[24] Tecovirimat was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2022.^[5]^[25]

In December 2021, Health Canada approved oral tecovirimat for the treatment of smallpox in people weighing at least 13 kilograms (29 lb).^[26]^[27]

As of August 2022, Tpoxx is available in the US only through the Strategic National Stockpile as a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigational new drug.^[28]^[29] Intravenous Tpoxx has no lower weight cap and can be used in infants under the investigational new drug protocol.^[30]

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References

^ “Notice: Multiple Additions to the Prescription Drug List (PDL) [2022-01-24]”. Health Canada. 24 January 2022. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
^ “New Medicines Approved in 2018”. Health Canada. 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
^ “Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) for Tpoxx”. Health Canada. 23 October 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d “Tpoxx- tecovirimat monohydrate capsule”. DailyMed. 2 December 2021. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c “Tecovirimat Siga EPAR”. European Medicines Agency. 10 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b McNeil Jr DG (13 July 2018). “Drug to Treat Smallpox Approved by F.D.A., a Move Against Bioterrorism”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
^ Nakoune E, Olliaro P (May 2022). “Waking up to monkeypox”. BMJ. 377: o1321. doi:10.1136/bmj.o1321. PMID 35613732. S2CID 249047112.
^ Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, et al. (May 2022). “Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK”. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 22 (8): 1153–1162. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. PMC 9300470. PMID 35623380. S2CID 249057804.
^ “FDA approves the first drug with an indication for treatment of smallpox”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 13 July 2018. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
^ “U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Siga Technologies’ Tpoxx (tecovirimat) for the Treatment of Smallpox”. Siga (Press release). Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
^ Grosenbach DW, Honeychurch K, Rose EA, Chinsangaram J, Frimm A, Maiti B, et al. (July 2018). “Oral Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Smallpox”. The New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (1): 44–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1705688. PMC 6086581. PMID 29972742.
^ Whitehouse ER, Rao AK, Yu YC, Yu PA, Griffin M, Gorman S, et al. (October 2019). “Novel Treatment of a Vaccinia Virus Infection from an Occupational Needlestick – San Diego, California, 2019” (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 68 (42): 943–946. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6842a2. PMC 6812835. PMID 31647789. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
^ Damon IK, Damaso CR, McFadden G (May 2014). “Are we there yet? The smallpox research agenda using variola virus”. PLOS Pathogens. 10 (5): e1004108. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004108. PMC 4006926. PMID 24789223.
^ Cunningham A (13 July 2018). “FDA approves the first smallpox treatment”. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ New Drug Therapy Approvals 2018 (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Report). January 2019. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
^ Yang G, Pevear DC, Davies MH, Collett MS, Bailey T, Rippen S, et al. (October 2005). “An orally bioavailable antipoxvirus compound (ST-246) inhibits extracellular virus formation and protects mice from lethal orthopoxvirus Challenge”. Journal of Virology. 79 (20): 13139–13149. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005. PMC 1235851. PMID 16189015.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b AU patent 2004249250, Bailey, Thomas R.; Jordan, Robert & Rippin, Susan R., “Compounds, compositions and methods for treatment and prevention of orthopoxvirus infections and associated diseases”, published 2004-12-29, assigned to Siga Pharmaceuticals Inc
^ Ishitobi, Hiroyuki; Tanida, Hiroshi; Tori, Kazuo; Tsuji, Teruji (1971). “Re-examination of the Cycloaddition of Cycloheptatriene with Maleic Anhydride”. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 44 (11): 2993–3000. doi:10.1246/bcsj.44.2993.
^ Hughes, David L. (2019). “Review of the Patent Literature: Synthesis and Final Forms of Antiviral Drugs Tecovirimat and Baloxavir Marboxil”. Organic Process Research & Development. 23 (7): 1298–1307. doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00144. S2CID 197172102.
^ U.S. Patent 8,124,643
^ “Siga Technologies”. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
^ Jordan R, Tien D, Bolken TC, Jones KF, Tyavanagimatt SR, Strasser J, et al. (May 2008). “Single-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of ST-246, a novel orthopoxvirus egress inhibitor”. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 52 (5): 1721–1727. doi:10.1128/AAC.01303-07. PMC 2346641. PMID 18316519.
^ Commissioner, Office of the (24 March 2020). “Press Announcements – FDA approves the first drug with an indication for treatment of smallpox”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Tecovirimat Siga: Pending EC decision”. European Medicines Agency. 11 November 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
^ “Summary of Product Characteristics” (PDF). European Medicines Agency. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
^ “Notice: Multiple Additions to the Prescription Drug List (PDL) [2022-01-24]”. Health Canada. 24 January 2022. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
^ “Siga Announces Health Canada Regulatory Approval of Oral Tpoxx” (Press release). Siga Technologies. 1 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
^ “Information for Healthcare Providers on Obtaining and Using TPOXX (Tecovirimat) for Treatment of Monkeypox”. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 22 July 2022. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^ “Steps for Clinicians to Order Medication to Treat Monkeypox”. Coca Now. 19 July 2022. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
^ “Monkeypox Outbreak: Updates on the Epidemiology, Testing, Treatment, and Vaccination” (PDF). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.

External links

“Tecovirimat”. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
“Tecovirimat monohydrate”. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Tecovirimat
Clinical data

Trade names	Tpoxx
Other names	ST-246
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: Tecovirimat
Routes of administration	By mouth, intravenous
ATC code	J05AX24 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	CA: ℞-only ^[1]^[2]^[3] US: ℞-only ^[4] EU: Rx-only ^[5]
Identifiers
show IUPAC name
CAS Number	869572-92-9
PubChem CID	16124688
DrugBank	DB12020
ChemSpider	17281586
UNII	F925RR824R
KEGG	D09390 as monohydrate: D11557
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1257073
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₉H₁₅F₃N₂O₃
Molar mass	376.335 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
show SMILES
show InChI

FDA approves the first drug with an indication for treatment of smallpox

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved TPOXX (tecovirimat), the first drug with an indication for treatment of smallpox. Though the World Health Organization declared smallpox, a contagious and sometimes fatal infectious disease, eradicated in 1980, there have been longstanding concerns that smallpox could be used as a bioweapon.

“To address the risk of bioterrorism, Congress has taken steps to enable the development and approval of countermeasures to thwart pathogens that could be employed as weapons. Today’s approval provides an important milestone in these efforts. This new treatment affords us an additional option should smallpox ever be used as a bioweapon,” said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D. “This is the first product to be awarded a Material Threat Medical Countermeasure priority review voucher. Today’s action reflects the FDA’s commitment to ensuring that the U.S. is prepared for any public health emergency with timely, safe and effective medical products.”

https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm613496.htm?utm_campaign=07132018_PR_FDA%20approves%20first%20drug%20with%20an%20indication%20for%20treatment%20of%20smallpox&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Eloqua

July 13, 2018

Release

Prior to its eradication in 1980, variola virus, the virus that causes smallpox, was mainly spread by direct contact between people. Symptoms typically began 10 to 14 days after infection and included fever, exhaustion, headache and backache. A rash initially consisting of small, pink bumps progressed to pus-filled sores before finally crusting over and scarring. Complications of smallpox could include encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), corneal ulcerations (an open sore on the clear, front surface of the eye) and blindness.

TPOXX’s effectiveness against smallpox was established by studies conducted in animals infected with viruses that are closely related to the virus that causes smallpox, and was based on measuring survival at the end of the studies. More animals treated with TPOXX lived compared to the animals treated with placebo. TPOXX was approved under the FDA’s Animal Rule, which allows efficacy findings from adequate and well-controlled animal studies to support an FDA approval when it is not feasible or ethical to conduct efficacy trials in humans.

The safety of TPOXX was evaluated in 359 healthy human volunteers without a smallpox infection. The most frequently reported side effects were headache, nausea and abdominal pain.

The FDA granted this application Fast Track and Priority Review designations. TPOXX also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases and a Material Threat Medical Countermeasure Priority Review Voucher, which provides additional incentives for certain medical products intended to treat or prevent harm from specific chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats.

The FDA granted approval of TPOXX to SIGA Technologies Inc.

TPOXX was developed in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA).

Tecovirimat

4-trifluoromethyl-N-(3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop(f)isoindol-2(1H)-yl)-benzamide

N- [(3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,6S, 6aS)- 3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a- octahydro-1,3-dioxo- 4,6- ethenocycloprop[f]iso- indol-2(1H)-yl]-4- (trifluoromethyl)- benzamide

4 -trifluoromethyl -N- (3, 3a, 4, 4a, 5, 5a, 6, 6a- octahydro-1, 3 -dioxo-4, 6 -ethenocycloprop [f] isoindol -2 ( 1H) -yl ) – benzamide

Details

NDA FILED IN US

2006 ORPHAN DRUG DESIGNATION IN US FOR SMALL POX

2010 ORPHAN DRUG DESIGNATION IN US FOR ORTHOPOX VIRUS

A core protein cysteine protease inhibitor potentially for treatment of smallpox infection.

SIGA TECHNOLOGIES INNOVATOR
SIGA-246; ST-246

CAS No. 869572-92-9

C19H15F3N2O3,

376.32921 g/mol

SYN

Tecovirimat (Tpoxx)
Tecovirimat is a drug used for the
treatment or prophylaxis of viral infections, particularly those caused by the
orthopoxvirus (Figure 12).
In 2015, Dai described a procedure
for the preparation of tecovirimat in a
US patent (Scheme 33).[57 ] The developed method started with a cycloaddition reaction of cycloheptatriene
with maleic anhydride in xylene to
yield adduct 192, which after reaction
with tert-butyl carbazate provided compound 193. Deprotection in acidic media gave rise to hydrazine derivative 194 and
subsequent reaction with p-trifluoromethylbenzoyl chloride afforded tecovirimat (191).

57 [57] D. Dai, US Patent 0322010, 2015.

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is str1-1.jpg

Synthesis

RAW MATERIAL

Key RM is, 4,6-Etheno-1H-cycloprop[f]isobenzofuran-1,3(3aH)-dione, 3a,4,4a,5,5a,6-hexahydro-, (3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,6S,6aS)-rel–

cas 944-41-2, [US7655688]

Molecular Formula:	C₁₁H₁₀O₃
Molecular Weight:	190.1953 g/mol

4,6-Etheno-1H-cycloprop[f]isobenzofuran-1,3(3aH)-dione, 4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-hexahydro-, (3aα,4β,4aα,5aα,6β,6aα)-
Tricyclo[3.2.2.0^2,4]non-8-ene-6,7-dicarboxylic anhydride, stereoisomer (8CI)
3,6-Cyclopropylene-Δ⁴-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride

MP 94-96 °C

Ref, Dong, Ming-xin; European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2010, V45(9), Pg 4096-4103

SMILES……….

O=C1OC(=O)[C@H]4[C@@H]1[C@H]3C=C[C@@H]4[C@@H]2C[C@@H]23

SYNTHESIS CONTINUED…….

ST-246

Patent

WO2014028545

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=B0F96581458D847AE213FF5A89020C1D.wapp1nA?docId=WO2014028545&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

The present invention provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in Scheme 1

P = Boc

Scheme 1

The present invention also provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in, Scheme 2

Scheme 2

The present invention further provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in Scheme 3

ST-246

P = Boc

Scheme 3

P = Boc

Scheme 4

The present invention further provides a process for making ST-246 outlined in

Scheme 5

Example 1 : Synthetic Route I:

P = Boc

Scheme 1

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 6 (P = Boc)

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 7 (HCI salt)

Compound 6 (3.6 g, 1 1 .83 mmol) was dissolved in /^‘-PrOAc (65 mL, Aldrich, 99.6%). 4M HCI in dioxane (10.4 mL, 41 .4 mmol, Aldrich) was added drop-wise to the above solution keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (18 h) under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with /^‘-PrOAc (15 mL) and dried under vacuum to yield HCI salt of compound 7 (1 .9 g, 67% yield) as a white solid. The filtrate was concentrated to 1/3 its volume and stirred at 10 – 15 °C for 30 min. The solid was filtered, washed with minimal volume of /^‘-PrOAc and dried to afford additional 0.6 g (21 % yield) of compound 7. Total yield: 2.5 g (88% yield). ¹ H NMR in DMSO-d6: δ 6.72 (br s, 3H), 5.68 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 2H), 1 .07-1 .17 (m, 2H), 0.18-0.29 (m, 1 H), -0.01 -0.07 (m, 1 H); Mass Spec: 205.1 (M+H)⁺

Step C. Synthesis of ST-246

To a mixture of compound 7 (0.96 g, 4 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (19 mL) was added triethylamine (1 .17 mL, 8.4 mmol, Aldrich) keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The resulting solution was stirred for 5 minutes at 15 – 20 °C, to it was added drop-wise 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 (0.63 mL, 4.2 mmol, Aldrich, 97%) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight (18 h). LC-MS and TLC analysis showed the correct molecular weight and R_f value of ST-246 but the reaction was not complete. Additional 0.3 mL (2 mmol, 0.5 eq) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 was added to the reaction mixture at 15 – 20 °C. The reaction was then stirred at room temperature overnight (19 h). LC-MS analysis indicated ca. 5% of starting material 7 still remained. The reaction was stopped and dichloromethane (30 mL) was added. The organic phase was washed with water (30 mL), saturated aqueous NH CI (30 mL), water (15 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (30 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30 -50% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.34 g, 23% yield) as an off-white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co-injection) were matched with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718 and were consistent.

Example 2: Synthetic Route II

Scheme 2

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 9

Uncyclized product (MS = 303) Dimer by-product (MS = 489)

Step B. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route II)

A mixture of compound 9 (0.97 g, 3.4 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (0.51 mL, 4.42 mmol, distilled before use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (50 mL, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 95 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After 1 .5 h at 95 °C, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 29% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo = 94:6). The resulting solution was continued to be heated at same temperature overnight. After 18 h at 95 °C, LC-MS analysis indicated 75% conversion with an endo:exo ratio of 94:6. The reaction temperature was increased to 1 10 °C and the reaction was monitored. After heating at 1 10 °C for 7 h, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 96.4% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo = 94:6). The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the reside was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.29 g, 22.6% yield, HPLC area 99.7% pure and 100% endo isomer) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co-injection) were matched with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718 and were consistent. An additional 0.5 g of ST-246 (38.9% yield, endo:exo = 97: 3) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 0.84 g (65.4% yield). ¹H NMR of ST-246 exo isomer in CDCI₃: δ 8.62 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 5.96 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 1 .17 (s, 2H), 0.24 (q, 1 H), 0.13 (m, 1 H); Mass Spec: 377.1 (M+H)⁺

Example 3: Synthetic Route III

ST-246 9

P = Boc

Scheme 3

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 10

duct

C₉H₁₂N₂0₄ C₁₄H₂₂N₄05

Mol. Wt.: 212.2 Mol. Wt.: 326.35

C₉H₁₂N₂0₄ C₁₄H₂₂N₄05

Mol. Wt.: 212.2 Mol. Wt.: 326.35

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 11 (HCI salt)

Step C. Synthesis of Compound 9 (Route III)

Step D. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route III)

A mixture of compound 9 (0.5 g, 1 .76 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (0.33 mL, 3.17 mmol, distilled before to use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (10 mL, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 1 10 – 1 15 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After 6 h, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed 95% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo = 94:6). The resulting solution was heated at same temperature overnight (22 h). LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed no starting material 9 remained and the desired product (endo:exo = 93:7). The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography eluting with 25 – 35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.39 g, HPLC area >99.5% pure with a ratio of endo:exo = 99:1 ) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹ H NMR, LC-MS and HPLC by co-injection) were compared with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718 and were found to be consistent. An additional 0.18 g of ST-246 (HPLC area >99.5% pure, endo:exo = 91 : 9) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 0.57 g (86% yield).

Example 4 ; Synthetic Route IV:

P = Boc

Scheme 4

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 10

Im ine by-product

Mol. Wt.: 212.2

Step B. Synthesis of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 10 (4.4 g, 20.74 mmol) and cycloheptatriene 1 (3.22 mL, 31 .1 mmol, distilled before to use, Aldrich tech 90%) in toluene (88 mL, 20 volume, Aldrich anhydrous) was heated at 95 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After 15 h at 95 °C, LC-MS analysis showed 83% conversion to the desired product. The reaction mixture was heated at 105 °C overnight. After total 40 h at 95 – 105 °C, LC-MS analysis at 254 nm showed -99% conversion to the desired product (endo:exo = 93:7). The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude was purified by column chromatography eluting with 25 – 50 % EtOAc in hexanes to afford compound 6 (2.06 g, 32.6% yield, HPLC area 99.9% pure and 100% endo isomer) as a white solid. ¹ H NMR and LC-MS were consistent with those of compound 6 obtained in Synthetic Route I. An additional 4.0 g of 6 (63.4% yield, HPLC area 93% pure with a ratio of endo:exo = 91 : 9) was recovered from column chromatography. Total Yield: 6.06 g (96% yield).

Step C. Synthesis of Compound 7 (HCI salt)

Step D. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route IV)

To a mixture of compound 7 (0.84 g, 3.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (13 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (1 .34 mL, 7.7 mmol) keeping the temperature below 20 °C and the resulting solution was stirred for 5 – 10 minutes. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 (0.57 mL, 3.85 mmol, Aldrich, 97%) was added to above solution keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Additional 0.2 mL (0.4 equiv) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 8 was added to the reaction keeping the temperature below 20 °C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight (24 h). The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (20 mL). The organic phase was washed with water (20 mL), saturated aqueous NH₄CI (20 mL), water (20 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (20 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography eluting with 30 – 35% EtOAc in hexanes to afford ST-246 (0.25 g, 19% yield, HPLC area >99.5% pure) as a white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718.

Example 5: Synthetic Route V:

Scheme 5

Step A. Synthesis of Compound 13

Step B. Synthesis of ST-246 (Route V)

mg, 32% yield, 95% pure by HPLC at 254 nm) as off-white solid. Analytical data (¹H NMR and LC-MS) were consistent with those of ST-246 synthesized according to WO041 12718.

PAPER

N-(3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-Octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6- ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2-(1H)-yl)carboxamides: Identification of Novel Orthopoxvirus Egress Inhibitors

ViroPharma Incorporated, 397 Eagleview Boulevard, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and SIGA Technologies, Inc., 4575 SW Research Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97333

J. Med. Chem., 2007, 50 (7), pp 1442–1444

DOI: 10.1021/jm061484y

A series of novel, potent orthopoxvirus egress inhibitors was identified during high-throughput screening of the ViroPharma small molecule collection. Using structure−activity relationship information inferred from early hits, several compounds were synthesized, and compound 14was identified as a potent, orally bioavailable first-in-class inhibitor of orthopoxvirus egress from infected cells. Compound 14 has shown comparable efficaciousness in three murine orthopoxvirus models and has entered Phase I clinical trials.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm061484y

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm061484y/suppl_file/jm061484ysi20070204_060607.pdf

General Procedure for synthesis of compounds 2-14, 16-18.

N-(3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6aoctahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (14).

A mixture of 2.00 g (9.8 mmol) of 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid hydrazide, 1.86 g (9.8 mmol) of 4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-hexahydro-4,6-etheno-1Hcycloprop[f]isobenzofuran-1,3(3aH)-dione, and one drop of diisopropylethylamine in 40 mL of absolute ethanol was refluxed for 4.5 h. Upon cooling to rt, 4 mL of water was added, and the product began to crystallize. The suspension was cooled in an ice bath, and the precipitate collected by filtration. The crystalline solid was air-dried affording 3.20 g (87%) of the product as a white solid;

Mp 194-195 ºC. 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, d6 -DMSO) δ 11.20, 11.09 (2 brs from rotamers, 1H), 8.06 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.78 (m, 2H), 3.26 (m, 4H), 1.15 (m, 2H), 0.24 (dd, J= 7.2, 12.9 Hz, 1H), 0.04 (m, 1H).

Anal. calcd. for C19H15F3N2O3● 0.25H2O: %C, 59.92; %H, 4.10; %F, 14.97; %N, 7.36; %O, 13.65. Found: %C, 59.97; %H, 4.02; %F, 14.94; %N, 7.36; %O, 13.71.

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PATENT

US20140316145

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http://www.google.com/patents/US8802714

Example 1

Preparation of 4-trifluoromethyl-N-(3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl)-benzamide

a. Preparation of Compounds 1(a) and 1(b).

A mixture of cycloheptatriene (5 g, 54.26 mmol) and maleic anhydride (6.13 g, 62.40 mmol) in xylenes (35 mL) was heated at reflux under argon overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and a tan precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to give 2.94 grams (28%) of the desired product, which is a mixture of compounds 1(a) and 1(b). Compound 1(a) is normally predominant in this mixture and is at least 80% by weight. The purity of Compound 1(a) may be further enhanced by recrystallization if necessary. Compound 1(b), an isomer of compound 1(a) is normally less than 20% by weight and varies depending on the conditions of the reaction. Pure Compound 1(b) was obtained by concentrating the mother liquid to dryness and then subjecting the residue to column chromatography. Further purification can be carried out by recrystallization if necessary. ¹H NMR (500 MHz) in CDCl₃: δ 5.95 (m, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 1.12 (m, 2H), 0.22 (m, 1H), 0.14 (m, 1H).

b. Preparation of N-[(3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,6S,6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide. desired

A mixture of compound 1(a) (150 mg, 0.788 mmol) and 4-trifluoromethylbenzhydrazide (169 mg, 0.827 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was heated under argon overnight. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel using 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate provided 152 mg (51%) of the product as a white solid.

c. Preparation of N-[(3aR,4S,4aS,5aR,6R,6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide. UNWANTED

N-[(3aR,4S,4aS,5aR,6R,6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl]4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide was prepared and purified in the same fashion as for N-[(3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,6S,6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide by replacing 1(a) with 1(b) and was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz) in CDCl₃: δ 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 5.96 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 2H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 1.17 (s, 2H), 0.24 (q, 1H), 0.13 (m, 1H); Mass Spec: 377.1 (M+H)⁺.

FINAL COMPD SYNTHESIS

TABLE 1

Example			**Mass
Number	R₆	*NMR	Spec	Name

1		¹H NMR in DMSO-d₆: δ 11.35 (d, 1H); 11.09 (d, 1H); 8.08 (d, 2H); 7.92 (d, 2H); 5.799 (s, 2H); 3.29 (brs, 4H); 1.17 (m, 2H); 0.26 (m, 1H); 0.078 (s, 1H)	375 (M − H)−	N-[(3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,6S, 6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a- octahydro-1,3-dioxo- 4,6-ethenocycloprop[f] isoindol-2(1H)-yl]-4- (trifluoromethyl)- benzamide

TABLE 1 EXAMPLE 1

N- [(3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,6S, 6aS)- 3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a- octahydro-1,3-dioxo- 4,6- ethenocycloprop[f]iso- indol-2(1H)-yl]-4- (trifluoromethyl)- benzamide

¹H NMR in DMSO-d₆: δ 11.35 (d, 1H); 11.09 (d, 1H); 8.08 (d, 2H); 7.92 (d, 2H); 5.799 (s, 2H); 3.29 (brs, 4H); 1.17 (m, 2H); 0.26 (m, 1H); 0.078 (s, 1H), 375 (M − H)⁻

EXAMPLE 42 Characterization of 4-trifluoromethyl-N-(3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl)-benzamide (“ ”)

In the present application, ST-246 refers to: N-[(3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,65,6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide.

Physico-Chemical Properties

Appearance: ST-246 is a white to off-white powder.

Melting Point: Approximately 196° C. by DSC.

Permeability: The calculated log P is 2.94. Based on the partition coefficient, ST-246 is expected to have good permeability.

Particle Size: The drug substance is micronized to improve its dissolution in the gastrointestinal fluids. The typical particle size of the micronized material is 50% less than 5 microns.

Solubility: The solubility of ST-246 is low in water (0.026 mg/mL) and buffers of the gastric pH range. Surfactant increases its solubility slightly. ST-246 is very soluble in organic solvents. The solubility data are given in Table 5.

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PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/CN101445478A?cl=en

References

Damon, Inger K.; Damaso, Clarissa R.; McFadden, Grant (2014). “Are We There Yet? The Smallpox Research Agenda Using Variola Virus”. PLoS Pathogens 10 (5): e1004108.doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004108. PMID 24789223.
Siga Technologies
Jordan, R; Tien, D; Bolken, T. C.; Jones, K. F.; Tyavanagimatt, S. R.; Strasser, J; Frimm, A; Corrado, M. L.; Strome, P. G.; Hruby, D. E. (2008). “Single-Dose Safety and Pharmacokinetics of ST-246, a Novel Orthopoxvirus Egress Inhibitor”. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52 (5): 1721–1727. doi:10.1128/AAC.01303-07. PMC 2346641. PMID 18316519.
Yang, G; Pevear, D. C.; Davies, M. H.; Collett, M. S.; Bailey, T; Rippen, S; Barone, L; Burns, C; Rhodes, G; Tohan, S; Huggins, J. W.; Baker, R. O.; Buller, R. L.; Touchette, E; Waller, K; Schriewer, J; Neyts, J; Declercq, E; Jones, K; Hruby, D; Jordan, R (2005). “An Orally Bioavailable Antipoxvirus Compound (ST-246) Inhibits Extracellular Virus Formation and Protects Mice from Lethal Orthopoxvirus Challenge”. Journal of Virology 79 (20): 13139–13149. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005. PMC 1235851. PMID 16189015.

Referenced by
Citing Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title
CN101912389A * Aug 9, 2010 Dec 15, 2010 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所 Pharmaceutical composition containing ST-246 and preparation method and application thereof
CN102406617A * Nov 30, 2011 Apr 11, 2012 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院生物工程研究所 Tecovirimat dry suspension and preparation method thereof
CN102406617B Nov 30, 2011 Aug 28, 2013 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院生物工程研究所 Tecovirimat dry suspension and preparation method thereof
CN103068232B * Mar 23, 2011 Aug 26, 2015 西佳科技股份有限公司多晶型物形式st-246和制备方法
US8530509 Jul 29, 2011 Sep 10, 2013 Siga Technologies, Inc. Compounds, compositions and methods for treatment and prevention of orthopoxvirus infections and associated diseases
US8802714 Aug 14, 2013 Aug 12, 2014 Siga Technologies, Inc. Compounds, compositions and methods for treatment and prevention of orthopoxvirus infections and associated diseases
US9045418 Jul 3, 2014 Jun 2, 2015 Siga Technologies, Inc. Compounds, compositions and methods for treatment and prevention of Orthopoxvirus infections and associated diseases

Patent Citations

Cited Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
US20070287735 *	Apr 23, 2007	Dec 13, 2007	Siga Technologies, Inc.	Chemicals, compositions, and methods for treatment and prevention of orthopoxvirus infections and associated diseases
US20090011037 *	Apr 23, 2008	Jan 8, 2009	Cydex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Sulfoalkyl Ether Cyclodextrin Compositions and Methods of Preparation Thereof
Citing Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
US8530509	Jul 29, 2011	Sep 10, 2013	Siga Technologies, Inc.	Compounds, compositions and methods for treatment and prevention of orthopoxvirus infections and associated diseases
US8802714	Aug 14, 2013	Aug 12, 2014	Siga Technologies, Inc.	Compounds, compositions and methods for treatment and prevention of orthopoxvirus infections and associated diseases
US9045418	Jul 3, 2014	Jun 2, 2015	Siga Technologies, Inc.	Compounds, compositions and methods for treatment and prevention of Orthopoxvirus infections and associated diseases

//////////////////Tecovirimat, FDA 2018, ORPHAN DRUG DESIGNATION, TPOXX, SIGA Technologies Inc, Fast Track, Priority Review,

UNII-F925RR824R, тековиримат , تيكوفيريمات , 替韦立马 ,

FC(F)(F)c1ccc(cc1)C(=O)NN1C(=O)C2C(C3C=CC2C2CC32)C1=O

FDA approves first drug Epidiolex (cannabidiol) comprised of an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy

June 26, 2018 1:04 am / 1 Comment on FDA approves first drug Epidiolex (cannabidiol) comprised of an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy

FDA approves first drug comprised of an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Epidiolex (cannabidiol) [CBD] oral solution for the treatment of seizures associated with two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, in patients two years of age and older. This is the first FDA-approved drug that contains a purified drug substance derived from marijuana. It is also the first FDA approval of a drug for the treatment of patients with Dravet syndrome.

June 25, 2018

Release

CBD is a chemical component of the Cannabis sativa plant, more commonly known as marijuana. However, CBD does not cause intoxication or euphoria (the “high”) that comes from tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

It is THC (and not CBD) that is the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.

“This approval serves as a reminder that advancing sound development programs that properly evaluate active ingredients contained in marijuana can lead to important medical therapies. And, the FDA is committed to this kind of careful scientific research and drug development,” said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D. “Controlled clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of a drug, along with careful review through the FDA’s drug approval process, is the most appropriate way to bring marijuana-derived treatments to patients. Because of the adequate and well-controlled clinical studies that supported this approval, prescribers can have confidence in the drug’s uniform strength and consistent delivery that support appropriate dosing needed for treating patients with these complex and serious epilepsy syndromes. We’ll continue to support rigorous scientific research on the potential medical uses of marijuana-derived products and work with product developers who are interested in bringing patients safe and effective, high quality products. But, at the same time, we are prepared to take action when we see the illegal marketing of CBD-containing products with serious, unproven medical claims. Marketing unapproved products, with uncertain dosages and formulations can keep patients from accessing appropriate, recognized therapies to treat serious and even fatal diseases.”

Dravet syndrome is a rare genetic condition that appears during the first year of life with frequent fever-related seizures (febrile seizures). Later, other types of seizures typically arise, including myoclonic seizures (involuntary muscle spasms). Additionally, status epilepticus, a potentially life-threatening state of continuous seizure activity requiring emergency medical care, may occur. Children with Dravet syndrome typically experience poor development of language and motor skills, hyperactivity and difficulty relating to others.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome begins in childhood. It is characterized by multiple types of seizures. People with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome begin having frequent seizures in early childhood, usually between ages 3 and 5. More than three-quarters of affected individuals have tonic seizures, which cause the muscles to contract uncontrollably. Almost all children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome develop learning problems and intellectual disability. Many also have delayed development of motor skills such as sitting and crawling. Most people with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome require help with usual activities of daily living.

“The difficult-to-control seizures that patients with Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome experience have a profound impact on these patients’ quality of life,” said Billy Dunn, M.D., director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “In addition to another important treatment option for Lennox-Gastaut patients, this first-ever approval of a drug specifically for Dravet patients will provide a significant and needed improvement in the therapeutic approach to caring for people with this condition.”

Epidiolex’s effectiveness was studied in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 516 patients with either Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome. Epidiolex, taken along with other medications, was shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of seizures when compared with placebo.

The most common side effects that occurred in Epidiolex-treated patients in the clinical trials were: sleepiness, sedation and lethargy; elevated liver enzymes; decreased appetite; diarrhea; rash; fatigue, malaise and weakness; insomnia, sleep disorder and poor quality sleep; and infections.

Epidiolex must be dispensed with a patient Medication Guide that describes important information about the drug’s uses and risks. As is true for all drugs that treat epilepsy, the most serious risks include thoughts about suicide, attempts to commit suicide, feelings of agitation, new or worsening depression, aggression and panic attacks. Epidiolex also caused liver injury, generally mild, but raising the possibility of rare, but more severe injury. More severe liver injury can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, jaundice and/or dark urine.

Under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), CBD is currently a Schedule I substance because it is a chemical component of the cannabis plant. In support of this application, the company conducted nonclinical and clinical studies to assess the abuse potential of CBD.

The FDA prepares and transmits, through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, a medical and scientific analysis of substances subject to scheduling, like CBD, and provides recommendations to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) regarding controls under the CSA. DEA is required to make a scheduling determination.

The FDA granted Priority Review designation for this application. Fast-Track designation was granted for Dravet syndrome. Orphan Drug designation was granted for both the Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome indications.

The FDA granted approval of Epidiolex to GW Research Ltd.

Image result for Epidiolex (cannabidiol)

/////////// Epidiolex, cannabidiol, fda 2018, Dravet syndrome, epilepsy, Priority Review , Fast-Track designation, Orphan Drug designation

VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

June 8, 2018 1:28 pm / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | Vorapaxar | C29H33FN2O4

VORAPAXAR

Thrombosis, Antiplatelet Therapy, PAR1 Antagonists , MERCK ..ORIGINATOR

Ethyl N-[(3R,3aS,4S,4aR,7R,8aR,9aR)-4-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridyl]vinyl]-3-methyl-1-oxo-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-decahydro-3H-benzo[f]isobenzofuran-7-yl]carbamate

Carbamic acid, [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-, ethyl ester

Carbamic acid, N-[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-, ethyl ester

Ethyl [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridinyl]vinyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamate

Ethyl ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethenyl)- 1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)carbamate

Carbamic acid, ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl)ethenyl)dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)-, ethyl ester

618385-01-6 CAS NO FREE FORM

CAS Number: 705260-08-8 SULPHATE

Has antiplatelet activity.

Also known as: SCH-530348, MK-5348

Molecular Formula: C₂₉H₃₃FN₂O₄

Molecular Weight: 492.581723

ZCE93644N2

UNII-ZCE93644N2
Zontivity

Registered – 2015 MERCK Thrombosis

Vorapaxar (formerly SCH 530348) is a thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor, PAR-1) antagonist based on the natural product himbacine. Discovered by Schering-Plough and currently being developed by Merck & Co., it is an experimental pharmaceutical treatment for acute coronary syndrome chest pain caused by coronary artery disease.^[1]

In January 2011, clinical trials being conducted by Merck were halted for patients with stroke and mild heart conditions.^[2] In a randomized double-blinded trial comparing vorapaxar with placebo in addition to standard therapy in 12,944 patients who had acute coronary syndromes, there was no significant reduction in a composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, or urgent coronary revascularization. However, there was increased risk of major bleeding.^[3]

A trial published in February 2012, found no change in all cause mortality while decreasing the risk of cardiac death and increasing the risk of major bleeding.^[4]

SCH-530348 is a protease-activated thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist developed by Schering-Plough and waiting for approval in U.S. for the oral secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with a history of heart attack and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. The drug candidate is being investigated to determine its potential to provide clinical benefit without the liability of increased bleeding; a tendency associated with drugs that block thromboxane or ADP pathways. In April 2006, SCH-530348 was granted fast track designation in the U.S. for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality outcomes in at-risk patients.

Vorapaxar was recommended for FDA approval on January 15, 2014.^[5]

Vorapaxar is a protease-activated thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist developed by Schering-Plough (now, Merck & Co.) and approved in the U.S. in 2014 for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or with peripheral arterial disease. However, in 2018 Aralez discontinued U.S. commercial operations. In 2015, the product was approved in the E.U. for the reduction of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with a history of myocardial infarction. In April 2006, vorapaxar was granted fast track designation in the U.S. for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality outcomes in at-risk patients. In 2016, Aralez Pharmaceuticals acquired the U.S. and Canadian rights to the product pursuant to an asset purchase agreement entered into between this company and Merck & Co.

Merck & Co (following its acquisition of Schering-Plough) has developed and launched vorapaxar (Zontivity; SCH-530348; MK-5348), an oral antagonist of the thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1; PAR1); the product is marketed in the US by Aralez Pharmaceuticals

WO-03089428, published in October 2003, claims naphtho[2,3-c]furan-3-one derivatives as thrombin receptor antagonists. WO-03033501 and WO-0196330, published in April 2003 and December 2001, respectively, claim himbacine analogs as thrombin receptor antagonists. WO-9926943 published in June 1999 claims tricyclic compounds as thrombin receptor antagonists

VORAPAXAR

17 JAN 2014
FDA advisory panel votes to approve Merck & Co’s vorapaxar REF 6

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/204886Orig1s000ChemR.pdf

Zontivity (vorapaxar) tablets NDA 204886

VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

2D chemical structure of 705260-08-8

CAS Number: 705260-08-8 SULPHATE

Molecular Formula: C29H33FN2O4.H2O4S

Molecular Weight: 590.7

Chemical Name: Ethyl [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2- yl]ethenyl]-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamate sulfate

Synonyms: Carbamic acid, [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-[(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-,ethyl ester,sulfate; SCH-530348

Vorapaxar Sulfate (SCH 530348) a thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonist for the prevention and treatment of atherothrombosis.

POLYMORPH

U.S.Pat. No. 7,304,078 discloses Vorapaxar base. U.S.Pat. No. 7,235,567 discloses Polymorph I and II of vorapaxar sulphate

CN 106478608 provides a crystalline polymorph A

EMA

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002814/WC500183331.pdf

Atherosclerosis and ischemic cardiovascular (CV) diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD) are progressive systemic disorders in which clinical events are precipitated by episodes of vascular thrombosis. Patients with an established history of atherothrombotic or athero-ischemic disease are at particular risk of future cardiac or cerebral events, and vascular death. Anti-thrombotic therapy options in patients with stable atherosclerosis are not well-established. Long-term therapies to effectively modulate the key components responsible for atherothrombosis in secondary prevention of ischemic CV disease are therefore required. Vorapaxar is a first – in – class selective antagonist of the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), the primary thrombin receptor on human platelets, which mediates the downstream effects of this critical coagulation factor in hemostasis and thrombosis. Thrombin-induced platelet activation has been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular disorders including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). As an antagonist of PAR-1, vorapaxar blocks thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation and thereby has the potential to reduce the risk of atherothrombotic complications of coronary disease. The applicant has investigated whether a new class of antiplatelet agents, PAR-1 antagonists, can further decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in a population of established atherothrombosis when added to standard of care, in secondary prevention of ischemic diseases. The following therapeutic indication has been submitted for vorapaxar: Vorapaxar is indicated for the reduction of atherothrombotic events in patients with a history of MI. Vorapaxar has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, and urgent coronary revascularization. Vorapaxar will be contraindicated in patients with a history of stroke or TIA. The indication sought in the current application is supported by the efficacy results of the TRA 2P-TIMI, which is considered the pivotal trial for this indication. During the procedure, the applicant requested the possibility of extending the indication initially sought for, to extend it to the population of PAD patients. This request was discussed at the CHMP and not accepted by the Committee.

Introduction The finished product is presented as immediate release film-coated tablets containing 2.5 mg of vorapaxar sulfate as active substance per tablet, corresponding to 2.08 mg vorapaxar. Other ingredients are: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose (E460), croscarmellose sodium (E468), povidone (E1201) , magnesium stearate (E572), hypromellose (E464), titanium dioxide (E171), triacetin (glycerol triacetate) (E1518), iron oxide yellow (E172), as described in section 6.1 of the SmPC. The product is available in Aluminium–Aluminium blisters (Alu-Alu) as described in section 6.5 of the SmPC.

General information The chemical name of the active substance vorapaxar sulfate is ethyl[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)- -9-{(1E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethen-1-yl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c] furan-6-yl]carbamate sulfate, corresponding to the molecular formula C29H33FN2O4 • H2SO4 and has a relative molecular mass 590.7. It has the following structure:

The structure of the active substance has been confirmed by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, all of which support the chemical structure elemental analysis. It appears as a white to off-white, slightly hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in methanol and slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone but insoluble to practically insoluble in aqueous solutions at pH above 3.0. The highest solubility in aqueous solution can be achieved at pH 1.0 or in simulated gastric fluids at pH 1.4. The dissociation constant of vorapaxar sulfate was determined to be pKa = 4.7 and its partition coefficient LogP was determined to be 5.1. Vorapaxar sulfate contains seven chiral centers and a trans double bond. The seven chiral centres are defined by the manufacturing process of one of the intermediates in the vorapaxar synthesis and potential enantiomers are controlled by appropriate specifications. The cis-isomer of the double bond is controlled by a highly stereo-specific process reaction resulting in non-detectable levels of cis-isomer impurity. The cis-isomer impurity is controlled in one of the intermediates as an unspecified impurity. A single crystalline stable anhydrous form has been observed.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

SIMILAR NATURAL PRODUCT

+ HIMBACINE

(+)-Himbacine ~98% (GC), powder, muscarinic receptor antagonist

Himbacine is an alkaloid muscarinic receptor antagonist displaying more potent activity associated with M2 and M2 subtypes over M1 or M3. Observations show himbacine bound tightly to various chimeric receptors in COS-7 cells as well as possessed the ability to bind to cardiac muscarinic receptors allosterically. Recent studies have produced series of thrombin receptor (PAR1) antagonists derived from himbacine Himbacine is an inhibitor of mAChR M2 and mAChR M4.

Technical Information

Physical State:	Solid
Derived from:	Australian pine Galbulimima baccata
Solubility:	Soluble in ethanol (50 mg/ml), methanol, and dichloromethane. Insoluble in water.
Storage:	Store at -20° C
Melting Point:	132-134 °C
Boiling Point:	469.65 °C at 760 mmHg
Density:	1.08 g/cm³
Refractive Index:	n²⁰_D 1.57
Optical Activity:	α20/D +51.4º, c = 1.01 in chloroform

Application:	An alkaloid muscarinic receptor antagonist
CAS Number:	6879-74-9

Molecular Weight:	345.5
Molecular Formula:	C₂₂H₃₅NO₂

General scheme:

PATENT

WO 2006076415

WO 2006076452

WO 2003089428

US 6063847

CN 107540564

WO 2008005344

CN 106749138

PATENT

CN 105348241 prepn

Example 1:

[0027] The steel shed amide (300mg, 7. 93mmol) and 15 blood THF was added to 100 blood Ξ jar. The starting material II (2.OOg, 5. 89mmol) was dissolved in 15mL of THF dropwise via pressure-equalizing dropping funnel to the reaction system, the process temperature will produce a large number of bubbles -2 ~ 0 ° C, in the process, Lan mix of about 0.1 until no bubbles generate. THF solution containing 13 Blood Ship (0.75 Yap, 2. 95mmol) is transferred to a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel. It was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. After the completion of dropwise continue to embrace mix ratio. After the treatment, at 0 ° C under 0.8 blood, Imol / L 1 fat slowly dropped into the embrace mixed reaction system, after adding the right amount of water, acetic acid extraction. The combined organic phase with Imol / L of 0H (17mLX3) washing the organic phase coating. Tu brine, dried over anhydrous sulfate steel, 25 ° C under reduced pressure to spin dry to give 1. 75g light yellow oil, yield 91%.

[0028] After the content was determined using the external standard method, first prepared by a qualified reference determine its content, W this as a standard substance, measuring the external standard method to get the content of 99%.

[0029] Zan NMR: (400MHz, CD3CN):… 5 46 of r, 1H), 4 70 (td, 1H), 4 03 based 2H), 3 69-3 57 (m, 2 Η).. , 3. 45-3. 32 (based, IH), 2. 77 (br, IH), 2. 61-2. 51 (m, IH), 2. 49-2. 39 (m, 1 field, 2 30 of r IH), 2 .12-1. 92 (m, IH), 1. 87 (dt, IH), 1. 81-1. 72 (m, IH), 1. 61-1. 50 ( …. m, IH), 1 48 (d, 3H), 1 23-1 09 (m, 7H), 1. 05-0 90 (m, 2H);

[0030] MS (ES +) m / z: 326. 24 [M + + field.

[Cited 00] Example 2:

[003 cited the steel shed amide (312mg, 8. 25mmol) and 16 blood THF was added to the lOOmL Ξ jar. The starting material II (2.OOg, 5. 89mmol) was dissolved in 15mL of THF dropwise via pressure-equalizing dropping funnel to the reaction system, the process temperature will produce a large number of bubbles -2 ~ -5 ° C, in the process and takes about 45min mix until no bubbles generate. The 13 ships of blood containing 60g, 2. 36mmol) in THF solution was transferred to a pressure-equalizing dropping funnel. It was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. After the completion of dropwise continue to embrace mix ratio. After the treatment, at 0 ° C under 0.8 blood, Imol / L 1 fat slowly dropped into the embrace mixed reaction system, after adding the right amount of water, acetic acid extraction. The combined organic phase with llmol / L of 0H (17mLX3) washing the organic phase coating. Tu brine, dried over anhydrous sulfate steel, 25 ° C under reduced pressure to spin dry to give 1. 65g light yellow oil.

[0033] Determination of Reference Example 1 in an amount of 98.7%.

[0034] MS (ES +) m / z: 326. 24 [M + + field.

[003 cited Example 3:

[0036] 50 single jar of blood, condenser. Intermediate inb (l.〇〇g, 3. 07mmol) was dissolved in 10ml of dichloromethane burn during and after the blood was added to a 50-port flask, make dioxide of 32g, 3.68mmol), the reaction of reflux. After completion of the reaction by TLC, cooled to 20 ~ 25 ° C after suction filtration, the filter cake rinsed with methylene burning (the X3 3 blood), at 30 ° CW and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. To the residue was added 5 blood acetic acid, at 20 ~ 25 ° C after mixing 0. embrace of suction, the resulting cake was vacuum dried at 30 ° C 10 ~ 12h. Give 0. 87g of white solid.

[0037] Electric NMR: (400MHz, CD3CN):. 9 74 oriented 1H), 5 40 of r, 1H), 4 77-4.66 (m, 1H), 4 09-3 98 (m, 2H…. ), 3. 49-3. 37 (m, IH), 2. 75-2. 64 (m, 2H), 2. 55-2. 48 (m, IH), 1. 95-1. 87 (m , 2H), 1. 89-1 .77 (m, 2H), 1. 61-1. 49 (m, IH), 1. 32-1. 13 (m, 9H), 1. 08-0. 82 (m, 2H);

[0038] MS (ES +) m / z: 324. 33 [M + + field.

PATENT

CN 106478608 crystal

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106478608A/en

The present invention provides a crystalline polymorph A one kind of the compound of formula I:

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preparing a crystalline polymorph of compound A I,

Which comprising, a) the compound II is dissolved in acetonitrile and stirred to form a mixture; b) heating the mixture to 50 ° C ~ 70 ° C; c) adding sulfuric acid to the heated mixture; d) evaluating the temperature was lowered to 0 ° C ~ 20 ° C, seeded and stirred to precipitate crystals.

Preparation [0042] A crystalline polymorph of the compound of Example 1 I

Compound II (1. 0g) was dissolved in 5. 0ml of acetonitrile, stirred and heated to 50 ° C ~ 70 ° C was added and this temperature was added 1.2ml 2N H2S04 / acetonitrile solution and then lowering the temperature of the system to 15 ° C ~ 20 ° C, the system was added to the appropriate amount of seed crystals and stirred for 2h, the precipitated solid was filtered and the cake washed twice with 2. 5ml of acetonitrile to give a white solid, the white solid was placed under 40 ° C desolventizing 2 hours and then dried at 80 ° C for vacuo to give a white solid 0. 83 g, 69. 3% yield, HPLC:. 99 94%. A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum shown in Figure 1, a DSC endothermic curve shown in Figure 2, which HPLC profile shown in Fig.

PATENT

CN 201510551080

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106478608A/en

PATENT

WO 2009093972 synthesis

https://encrypted.google.com/patents/WO2009093972A1?cl=ko&hl=en&output=html_text

Clip

Vorapaxar sulfate (Zontivity)
Merck Sharp & Dohme successfully obtained approval in the EU in 2014 for vorapaxar sulfate, marketed as Zontivity. The drug is a first-in-class thrombin receptor (also referred to as a protease-activated or PAR-1) antagonist which, when used in conjunction with antiplatelet therapy, has been shown to reduce the chance of
myocardial infarction and stroke, particularly in patients with a history of cardiac events.277

Antagonism of PAR-1 allows for thrombin-mediated fibrin deposition while blocking thrombinmediated platelet activation.277 Although a variety of papers and patents describe the synthesis of vorapaxar sulfate (XXXVII),278–282 a combination of two patents describe the largest-scale synthesis reported in the literature, and this is depicted in Scheme 52.

Retrosynthetically, the drug can be divided into olefination partners 306 and 305.283,284 Lactone 305
is further derived from synthons 300 and 299, which are readily prepared from commercially available starting materials. Dienyl acid 300 was constructed in two steps starting from commercial vinyl bromide 307, which first undergoes a Heck reaction with methacrylate (308) followed by saponification of the ester to afford the desired acid 300 in 71% over two steps (Scheme 53).

The synthesis of alcohol 299 begins with tetrahydropyranyl (THP) protection of enantioenriched alcohol 295 to afford butyne 297 (Scheme 52). Lithiation of this system followed by trapping with (benzyloxy)chloroformate and Dowex work-up to remove the protective functionality provided acetyl ester 298. Hydrogenation of the alkyne with Lindlar’s catalyst delivered cis-allylic alcohol 299 in 93% yield. Acid 300 was then esterified with alcohol 299 by way of a 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling and, upon heating in refluxing xylenes, an intramolecular Diels–
Alder reaction occurred. Subsequent subjection to DBU secured the tricyclic system 301 in 38% over three steps as a single enantiomer.
Diastereoselective hydrogenation reduced the olefin with concomitant benzyl removal to give key fragment 302. Next, acidic revelation of the ketone followed by reductive amination with ammonium formate delivered primary amines 303a/303b as a mixture of diastereomers. These amines were then converted to the corresponding carbamates, and resolution by means of recrystallization yielded 50% of 304 as the desired diastereomer. Acid 304
was treated with oxalyl chloride and the resulting acid chloride was reduced to aldehyde 305 in 66% overall yield. Finally, deprotonation of phosphonate ester 306 (whose synthesis is described in Scheme 54) followed by careful addition of 305 and acidic quench delivered vorapaxar sulfate (XXXVII) in excellent yield over the
two-step protocol.

The preparation of vorapaxar phosponate ester 306 (Scheme 54)commenced from commercial sources of 5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpyridine (310). Removal of the methyl proton with LDA followed by quench with diethyl chlorophosphonate resulted in phosponate ester 306.

277. Frampton, J. E. Drugs 2015, 75, 797.
278. Chackalamannil, S.; Wang, Y.; Greenlee, W. J.; Hu, Z.; Xia, Y.; Ahn, H.; Boykow,G.; Hsieh, Y.; Palamanda, J.; Agans-Fantuzzi, J.; Kurowski, S.; Graziano, M.;Chintala, M. J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 3061.
279. Sudhakar, A.; Kwok, D.; Wu, G. G.; Green, M. D. WO Patent 2006076452A2,2006.

280. Wu, G. G.; Sudhakar, A.; Wang, T.; Ji, X.; Chen, F. X.; Poirier, M.; Huang, M.;Sabesan, V.; Kwok, D.; Cui, J.; Yang, X.; Thiruvengadam, T.; Liao, J.; Zavialov, I.;Nguyen, H. N.; Lim, N. K. WO Patent 2006076415A2, 2006.
281. Yong, K. H.; Zavialov, I. A.; Yin, J.; Fu, X.; Thiruvengadam, T. K. US Patent20080004449A1, 2008.
282. Chackalamannil, S.; Clasby, M.; Greenlee, W. J.; Wang, Y.; Xia, Y.; Veltri, E.;Chelliah, M. WO Patent 03089428A1, 2003.
283. Thiruven-Gadam, T. K.; Wang, T.; Liao, J.; Chiu, J. S.; Tsai, D. J. S.; Lee, H.; Wu,W.; Xiaoyong, F. WO Patent 2006076564A1, 2006.
284. Chackalamannil, S.; Asberon, T.;Xia, Y.; Doller, D.; Clasby, M. C.; Czarniecki,M. F. US Patent 6,063,847, 2000.

PRODUCT PATENT

SYNTHESIS

WO2003089428A1

Inventor Samuel Chackalamannil Martin C. Clasby William J. Greenlee Yuguang Wang Yan Xia Enrico P. Veltri Mariappan Chelliah Wenxue Wu

Original Assignee Schering Corporation

Priority date 2002-04-16

THE EXACT BELOW COMPD IS 14

Example 2

Step 1 :

Phosphonate 7, described in US 6,063,847, (3.27 g, 8.1 mmol) was dissolved in THF (12 ml) and C(O)Oled to 0 °C, followed by addition of 2.5 M n- BuLi (3.2 ml, 8.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min and warmed up to rt. A solution of aldehyde 6, described in US 6,063,847, in THF (12 ml) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. Standard aqueous work-up, followed by column chromatography (30-50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 8. ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 0.92-1.38 (m, 31 H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.90 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.89 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.28-6.41 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H), 8.19 (br s, 1 H). Step 2:

Compound 8 (2.64 g, 4.8 mmol) was dissolved in THF (48 ml). The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C followed by addition of 1 M TBAF (4.8 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min followed by standard aqueous work-up. Column chromatography (50% EtOAc/hexane) afforded product 9 (1.9 g, 100%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 1 H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.18- 6.45 (m, 2H), 7.19 (br s, 2H), 8.19 (br s, 1 H). Step 3:

To a solution of compound 9 (250 mg, 0.65 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml) C(O)Oled to 0 °C was added Tf₂O (295 μL, 2.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt. Standard aqueous work-up followed by column chromatography afforded product 10 (270 mg, 80%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 1 H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.42-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1 H), 7.55 (m, 1 H), 8.49 (d, J= 2.8 Hz, 1 H).

Compound 10 (560 mg, 1.1 mmol), 3-fluorophenyl boronic acid (180 mg, 1.3 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (500 mg, 3.6 mmol) were mixed with toluene (4.4 ml), H₂O (1.5 ml) and EtOH (0.7 ml) in a sealed tube. Under an atmosphere of N₂, Pd(Ph₃P)₄ (110 mg, 0.13 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled down to rt, poured to EtOAc (30 ml) and washed with water (2X20 ml). The EtOAc solution was dried with NaHCO₃ and concentrated at reduced pressure to give a residue. Preparative TLC separation of the residue (50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 11 (445 mg, 89%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.15-1.59 (m, 6H), 1.43 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.70-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (m, 4H), 4.75 (m, 1 H), 6.52-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.44 (m, 1 H), 7.81 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1 H). Step 5:

Compound 11 (445 mg, 0.96 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of acetone (10 ml) and 1 N HCI (10 ml). The reaction mixture was heated at 50 °C for 1 h.

Standard aqueous work-up followed by preparative TLC separation (50% EtOAc in hexane) afforded product 12 (356 mg, 89%). ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.21-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.47 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 3H), 1.58-1.65 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 1 H), 2.18-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.35- 2.51 (m, 5H), 2.71 (m, 1 H), 4.79 (m, 1 H), 6.52-6.68 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.44 (m, 1 H), 7.81 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1 H). Step 6:

Compound 12 (500 mg, 4.2 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (40 ml) and CH₂CI₂ (15 ml) NH₃ (g) was bubbled into the solution for 5 min. The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C followed by addition of Ti(O/^‘Pr)₄ (1.89 ml, 6.3 mmol). After stirring at 0 °C for 1 h, 1 M TiCI (6.3 ml, 6.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in CH₃OH (10 ml) and NaBH₃CN (510 mg, 8 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt. The reaction mixture was poured to 1 N NaOH (100 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3x 100 ml). The organic layer was combined and dried with NaHC0₃. Removal of solvent and separation by PTLC (5% 2 M NH₃ in CH₃OH/ CH₂CI₂) afforded β-13 (spot 1 , 30 mg, 6%) and α-13 (spot 2, 98 mg, 20%). β-13: ¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.50-1.38 (m, 5H), 1.42 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.51-1.75 (m, 5H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m, 1 H), 2.45 (m, 1 H), 3.38 (br s, 1 H), 4.78 (m, 1 H), 6.59 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (m, 1 H), 7.82 (m, 1 H), 8.77 (d, J= 2 Hz, 1 H). α-13:¹HNMR (CDCI₃): δ 0.95 (m, 2H), 1.02-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.41 (d, J= 6 Hz, 3H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 4H), 2.37 (m; 2H), 2.69 (m, 2H), 4.71 (m, 1 H), 6.71 (m, 2H), 7.11 (m, 1 H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (m, 1 H), 7.80 (m, 1 H), 8.76 (d, J= 1.6 Hz, 1 H). Step 7:

Compound α-13 (300 mg, 0.71 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂CI₂ (10 ml) followed by addition of Et₃N (0.9 ml). The reaction mixture was C(O)Oled to 0 °C and ethyl chloroformate (0.5 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was directly separated by preparative TLC (EtOAc/ hexane, 1 :1) to give the title compound (14) VORAPAXAR (300 mg, 86%). MS m/z 493 (M+1).

HRMS Calcd for C₂₉H₃₄N₂O₄F (M+1 ): 493.2503, found 493.2509.

PATENT

SYNTHESIS 1

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006076564A1

VORAPAXAR= COMPD A

Example 6 – Preparation of Compound A

To a three-neck flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen inertion was added 7A (13.0 g), THF (30 mL). The mixture was cooled to below -20⁰C after which lithium diisopropylamide (2M, 20 mL) was slowly added. The reaction mixture was agitated for an additional hour (Solution A). To another flask was added 6 (10.0 g) and THF (75 mL) . The mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes and then slowly transferred into the solution A while maintaining the temperature below 20⁰C. The mixture was stirred at below -20⁰C for an additional hour before quenching the reaction by adding 20 mL of water. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0⁰C and the pH was adjusted to about 7 by addition of 25% HaSO₄ (11 mL). The mixture was further warmed to 20⁰C and then diluted with 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 70 mL of water. The two phases that had formed were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The solvents THF and ethyl acetate were then replaced with ethanol, and the Compound A was precipitated out as a crystalline solid from ethanol with seeding at 35 to 4O⁰C. After cooling to O⁰C, the suspension was stirred for an additional hour and then the product was filtered and washed with cold ethanol. The product was dried at 50 – 60⁰C under vacuum to provide an off-white solid. VORAPAXAR

Yield: 12.7 g, (90%). m.p. 104.9⁰C (DSC onset point).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.88 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, IH), 8.10 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.4 Hz, IH), 7.64 (IH), 7.61 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, IH), 7.55 (m, J = 8.2, 6.2 Hz, IH), 7.51 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 7.25 (dt, J = 9.0, 2.3 Hz, IH), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 6.68 (dd, J = 15.4, 9.4 Hz, IH), 6.58 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, IH), 4.85 (dd, J = 14.2, 7.2 Hz, IH), 3.95 (dd, J = 14.2, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (m, IH), 2.66 (m, J = 12.0, 6.4 Hz, IH), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 4H), 1.30 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 3H), 1.19 (m, 4H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.98 (m, IH), 0.84 (m, IH). MS (EI) m/z: calcd. 492, found 492.

BISULPHATE SALT

Example 7 – Preparation of an Acid Salt (bisulfate) of Compound A:

Compound IA (5 g) was dissolved in about 25 mL of acetonitrile.

The solution was agitated for about 10 minutes and then heated to about 50 ⁰C. About 6 mL of 2M sulfuric acid in acetonitrile was added into the heated reaction mixture. The solid salt of Compound A precipitated out during the addition of sulfuric acid in acetonitrile. After addition of sulfuric acid solution, the reaction mixture was agitated for 1 hour before cooling to room temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered and washed with about 30 mL of acetonitrile. The wet solid was dried under vacuum at room temperature for 1 hour and at 80 ⁰C for about 12 hours to provide about 5 g white solid (yield 85%). m.p. 217.0 ⁰C. ¹H NMR (DMSO) 9.04 (s, IH), 8.60 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.10 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J = 10.4, IH), 7.71 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.60 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.8 Hz, IH), 7.34 (dd, 8.4, 1.8 Hz, IH), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 7.02 (m, IH), 6.69 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, IH), 4.82 (m, IH), 3.94 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (brs, IH), 2.68 (m, IH), 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.27 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (m, 2H), 1.13 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (m, IH, 0.85 (m, IH). MS (EI) m/z calcd. 590, found 492.

INTERMEDIATE 6

Example 5- Preparation of Compound 6

To a three-neck flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen inert were added the crude product solution of Compound 5 (containing about 31 g. of Compound 5 in 300 mL solution) and anhydrous DMF (0.05 mL). After the mixture was agitated for 5 minutes, oxalyl chloride (12.2 mL) was added slowly while maintaining the batch temperature between 15 and 25°C. The reaction mixture was agitated for about an hour after the addition and checked by NMR for completion of reaction. After the reaction was judged complete, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to 135 mL while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture below 30⁰C. The excess oxalyl chloride was removed completely by two cycles of vacuum concentration at below 50⁰C with replenishment of toluene (315 mL) each time, resulting in a final volume of 68 mL. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 15 to 25°C, after which THF (160 mL) and 2,6-lutidine (22 mL) were added. The mixture was agitated for 16 hours at 20 to 25°C under 100 psi hydrogen in the presence of dry 5% Pd/C (9.0 g). After the reaction was judged complete, the reaction mixture was filtered through celite to remove catalyst. More THF was added to rinse the hydrogenator and catalyst, and the reaction mixture was again filtered through celite. Combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum at below 25°C to 315 mL. MTBE (158 mL) and 10% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid (158 mL) were added for a thorough extraction at 10⁰C to remove 2,6- lutidine. Then phosphoric acid was removed by extracting the organic layer with very dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (about 2%), which was followed by a washing with dilute brine. The organic solution was concentrated atmospherically to a volume of 90 mL for solvent replacement. IPA (315 mL) was added to the concentrated crude product solution. The remaining residual solvent was purged to <_ 0.5% of THF (by GC) by repeated concentration under vacuum to 68 mL, with replenishment of IPA (315 mL) before each concentration. The concentrated (68 mL) IPA solution was heated to 50°C, to initiate crystallization. To this mixture n-heptane (68 mL) was added very slowly while maintaining the batch temperature at 50°C. The crystallizing mixture was cooled very slowly over 2.5 hours to 25°C. Additional n- heptane (34 mL) was added very slowly into the suspension mixture at 25⁰C. The mixture was further cooled to 20⁰C, and aged at that temperature for about 20 hours. The solid was filtered and washed with a solvent mixture of 25% IPA in n-heptane, and then dried to provide

19.5 g of a beige colored solid of Compound 6. (Yield: 66%) m.p. 169.3⁰C. IH NMR (CD₃CN) δ 9.74 (d, J = 3.03 Hz, IH), 5.42 (br, IH), 4.69 (m, IH), 4.03 (q, J = 7.02 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (qt, J = 3.80, 7.84 Hz, IH), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.50 (dt, J = 3.00, 8.52 Hz, IH), 1.93 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (dt, J = 3.28, 9.75 Hz, 2H), 1.54 (qd, J = 3.00, 10.5 Hz, IH), 1.27 (d, J = 5.97 Hz, 3H), 1.20 (m, 6H), 1.03 – 0.92 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z (M⁺+1): calcd. 324, found 324.

INTERMEDIATE 7A

Example 4 – Preparation of Compound 7A

+ 1-Pr₂NLi + (EtO)₂POCI – + LiCI

To a 10 L three-necked round bottomed flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and a nitrogen inlet tube, was added 20Og of

Compound 8 (1.07 mol, from Synergetica, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). THF (1000 mL) was added to dissolve Compound 8. After the solution was cooled to -80 ⁰C to -50 ⁰C, 2.0 M LDA in hexane/THF(1175 mL, 2.2 eq) was added while maintaining the batch temperature below -50 ⁰C. After about 15 minutes of agitation at -80⁰C to -50 ⁰C, diethyl chlorophosphate (185 mL, 1.2 eq) was added while maintaining the batch temperature below -50 ⁰C. The mixture was agitated at a temperature from -80⁰C to – 50 ⁰C for about 15 minutes and diluted with n-heptane (1000 mL). This mixture was warmed up to about -35 ⁰C and quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride (400 g in 1400 mL water) at a temperature below -10 ⁰C. This mixture was agitated at -15⁰C to -10 ⁰C for about 15 minutes followed by agitation at 15⁰C to 25 ⁰C for about 15 minutes. The aqueous layer was split and extracted with toluene (400 mL). The combined organic layers were extracted with 2N hydrochloric acid (700 mL) twice. The product-containing hydrochloric acid layers were combined and added slowly to a mixture of toluene (1200 mL) and aqueous potassium carbonate (300 g in 800 mL water) at a temperature below 30 ⁰C. The aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (1200 mL). The organic layers were combined and concentrated under vacuum to about 600 ml and filtered to remove inorganic salts. To the filtrate was added n-heptane (1000 ml) at about 55 ⁰C. The mixture was cooled slowly to 40 ⁰C, seeded, and cooled further slowly to -10 ⁰C. The resulting slurry was aged at about -10 ⁰C for 1 h, filtered, washed with n- heptane, and dried under vacuum to give a light brown solid (294 g, 85% yield), m.p. 52 ⁰C (DSC onset point).¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.73 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, IH), 7.85 (dd, Ji = 8.0 Hz, J₂ = 1.5 Hz, IH), 7.49 (dd, Ji = 8.0 Hz, J₂ = 1.3 Hz, IH), 7.42 (m, IH), 7.32 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.24 (m, IH), 7.08 (dt, Ji = 8.3 Hz, J₂ = 2.3 Hz, IH), 4.09 (m, 4H), 3.48 (d, J = 22.0 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H). MS (ESI) for M+H calcd. 324, found 324.

Example 3 – Preparation of Compound 5:

4 5

To a three-necked round bottomed flask equipped with an agitator, thermometer and a nitrogen inlet tube was added a solution of Compound 4 in aqueous ethanol (100 g active in 2870 ml). The solution was concentrated to about 700 ml under reduced pressure at 35⁰C to 40°C to remove ethyl alcohol. The resultant homogeneous mixture was cooled to 20⁰C to 30⁰C and its pH was adjusted to range from 12 to 13 with 250 ml of 25% sodium hydroxide solution while maintaining the temperature at 20-30⁰C. Then 82 ml of ethyl chloroformate was slowly added to the batch over a period of 1 hour while maintaining the batch temperature from 20⁰C to 30⁰C and aged for an additional 30 minutes. After the reaction was judged complete, the batch was acidified to pH 7 to 8 with 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%) and 750 ml of ethyl acetate. The pH of the reaction mixture was further adjusted to pH 2 to 3 with 35% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted again with 750 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed twice with water (200 ml) . Compound 5 was isolated from the organic layer by crystallization from ethyl acetate and heptane mixture (1: 1 mixture, 1500 ml) at about 70⁰C to 80 ⁰C. The solid was filtered at 50⁰C to 60 °C, washed with heptane and then dried to provide an off-white solid (yield 50%). m.p. 197.7°C. ¹HNMR (CD₃CN) δ 5.31 (brs, IH), 4.67 (dt, J = 16.1, 5.9 Hz, IH), 4.03 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (m, IH), 2.55 – 2.70 (m, 2H), 1.87 – 1.92 (m, IH), 1.32 – 1.42 (m, IH), 1.30 (d, J = 5.92 Hz, 3H), 1.30 – 1.25 (m, 6H), 0.98 (qt, J = 15.7, 3.18 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) M+l m/z calculated 340, found 340.

Example 2 – Preparation of Compound 4;

3 4

7.4 kg of ammonium formate was dissolved in 9L of water at 15- 25⁰C, and then cooled to 0-10⁰C. 8.9 kg of Compound 3 was charged at 0-15⁰C followed by an addition of 89L of 2B ethyl alcohol. The batch was cooled to 0-5⁰C 0.9 kg of 10% Palladium on carbon (50% wet) and 9 L of water were charged. The batch was then warmed to 18-28⁰C and agitated for 5 hours, while maintaining the temperature between 18-28 ⁰C. After the reaction was judged complete, 7 IL of water was charged. The batch was filtered and the wet catalyst cake was then washed with 8OL of water. The pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 1-2 with 4N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The solution was used in the next process step without further isolation. The yield is typically quantiative. m.p. 216.4⁰C. IH NMR (D₂O+1 drop HCl) δ 3.15 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, IH), 2.62 (m, IH), 2.48 (dd,J-5.75Hz, IH), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 2H), 1.20 (m, 6H), 1.18 (m, IH), 0.98 (q,J=2.99Hz, IH).

Example 1 – Preparation of Compound 3

2B 3

To a reactor equipped with an agitator, thermometer and nitrogen, were added about 10.5 kg of 2B, 68 L of acetone and 68 L of IN aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The mixture was heated to a temperature between 50 and 60⁰C and agitated for about 1 hour before cooling to room temperature. After the reaction was judged complete, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to about 42 L and then cooled to a temperature between 0 and 5⁰C. The cooled mixture was agitated for an additional hour. The product 3 was filtered, washed with cooled water and dried to provide an off-white solid (6.9 kg, yield 76%). m.p. 251⁰C. Η NMR (DMSO) δ 12.8 (s, IH), 4.72 (m, J = 5.90 Hz, IH), 2.58 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, J = 6.03 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (dd, J = 19.0, 12.8 Hz, 3H), 2.05 (m, IH), 1.87 (q, J = 8.92 Hz, IH), 1.75 (m, IH), 1.55 (m, IH), 1.35 (q, J = 12.6 Hz, IH), 1.27 (d, J = 5.88 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI) M+l m/z calcd. 267, found 267.

NOTE

Compound 7A may be prepared from Compound 8 by treating Compound 8 with diethylchlorophosphate:

Compound 8 may be obtained by the process described by Kyoku, Kagehira et al in “Preparation of (haloaryl)pyridines,” (API Corporation, Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2004). 13pp. CODEN: JKXXAF JP

2004182713 A2 20040702. Compound 8 is subsequently reacted with a phosphate ester, such as a dialkyl halophosphate, to yield Compound 7A. Diethylchlorophosphate is preferred. The reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of a base, such as a dialkylithium amide, for example diisopropyl lithium amide.

Paper

J Med Chem 2008, 51(11): 3061

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm800180e Abstract Image

The discovery of an exceptionally potent series of thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists based on the natural product himbacine is described. Optimization of this series has led to the discovery of 4 (SCH 530348), a potent, oral antiplatelet agent that is currently undergoing Phase-III clinical trials for acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina/non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.

Ethyl [(3aR,4aR,8aR,9aS)-9(S)-[(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-
pyridinyl]ethenyl]dodecahydro-1(R)-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6(R)-yl]carbamate (4).

4 (300 mg, 86%). MS m/z 493 (M+1).

HRMS Calcd for C29H34N2O4F
(M+1): 493.2503, found 493.2509; mp125 °C;

[]D20 6.6 (c 0.5, MeOH).

1HNMR (CDCl3):

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm800180e/suppl_file/jm800180e-file002.pdf

0.88-1.18 (m, 5 H), 1.22-1.30 (m, 3 H), 1.43 (d, J = 5.85 Hz, 3 H), 1.88-2.10 (m, 4 H), 2.33-2.42 (m, 2 H),
2.75-2.67 (m, 1 H), 3.52-3.60 (m, 1 H), 4.06-4.14 (m, 2 H), 4.54-4.80 (m, 1 H), 4.71-4.77 (m, 1 H),
6.55-6.63 (m, 2 H), 7.07-7.12 (m, 1 H), 7.26-7.29 (m, 2 H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.05 Hz, 1 H), 7.41-7.46 (m, 1 H), 7.80-7.82 (m, 1 H), 8.76-8.71 (m, 1 H).

PATENT

IN 201621010411

An improved process for preparation of Vorapaxar intermediates and a novel polymorphic form of Vorapaxar

ALEMBIC PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED

Vorapaxar Sulfate is indicated for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). ZONTIVITY has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, and urgent coronary revascularization (UCR).

According to present invention Vorapaxar sulfate is synthesized from compound of formula 1.

wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroaryl groups. Process for the preparation of compound of formula 1 is disclosed in U.S Pat. No. 7,605,275. It disclosed preparation of compound of formula 1 via cyclization of compound 2 in presence of solvent selected from xylene, N-methylpyrrolidinone, Dimethylsulfoxide, diphenyl ether, dimethylacetamide. This cyclization step takes approximately 6-8 hrs.

There is need to develop a process which takes less time for cyclization step to prepare compound of formula 1. Therefore, our scientist works tenaciously to develop process which takes approximately 1-2 hrs for cyclization of compound 1.

5 According to present invention Vorapaxar sulfate is synthesized from intermediate compound of formula-II.

Formula-II Compound of formula-II is critical intermediate in the preparation of Vorapaxar Sulfate.

10 Patent WO2006076415 discloses the process of preparation of above Formula-II in example 7, in which purification/crystallisation step involves treating the reaction mixture having compound of Formula-II with an ethanol/water mixture followed by azeotropic distillation of the mixture. This process yielded formula-II with low yields and with low purities. WO2009055416 (page 9, second paragraph) discloses that use of various solvent systems for

15 formula-II purification such as Methyl-tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and various solvent/antisolvent systems, for example, ethylacetate/heptane and toluene/heptane and by using these solvent systems, compound of formula-II are obtained as oil. These oils did not yield a reduced impurity profile in synthesis of the compound of Formula II, nor provide an improvement in the quality of the product compound of Formula II.

20 The inventors surprisingly found that using the process according to the invention provides formula-II with improved yield and high purity. Further, present invention provides a process for the preparation of novel crystalline form of Vorapaxar base. The present invention also relates to novel impurity and process for its preparation.

U.S.Pat. No. 7,304,078 discloses Vorapaxar base. U.S.Pat. No. 7,235,567 discloses Polymorph I and II of vorapaxar sulphate

Example 1- Preparation of compound 1a:

Process A: 5.0 g of compound 2a was suspended in 10.0 ml silicone oil at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and 25 ml of cyclohexane was added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up to room temperature and stirred for 30 min.

15 The precipitated product was filtered off and washed with 5.0 ml Cyclohexane. Wet solid was suspended in mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml denatured ethanol at 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried.

20 Process B: 5.0 g of compound 2a was suspended in 10.0 ml paraffin oil at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and 25 ml of cyclohexane was added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up to room temperature and stirred for 30 min.

25 The precipitated product was filtered off and washed with 5.0 ml Cyclohexane. Wet solid was suspended in mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml denatured ethanol at 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried. Yield: 4.3 g

Process C: 5.0 g of compound 2a was charged in reaction vessel at room temperature. The solid was then heated to 125°C and stirred for 30 min. Then reaction mass was further heated up to 150°C and stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60°C and was added mixture of 45.0 ml isopropyl alcohol and 20.0 ml

5 denatured ethanol at 50-60°C. This was cooled to 40-45°C and further epimerized with 0.17 ml DBU. The crystallized solid was filtered off with suction, washed with mixture of 1.5 ml Isopropyl alcohol and 0.67 ml denatured ethanol and dried. Yield: 4.5 g Example 2: Preparation of Intermediate (Formula-II) of vorapaxar

10 Example 2(a): 50.0g of 1,3,3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-Decahydro-3-methyl-7-nitro-1-oxo-N,Ndiphenylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-carboxamide compound was suspended in 300.0 ml THF, 15 g 10% Pd/C (50% wet) and 200 ml Process water at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 45°C and drop wise formic acid (35 ml) was added and then stirred for 15 hrs. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 25-30°C and 100 ml THF was

added and pH was made acidic with 2M sulfuric acid solution. The reaction mass was filtered and washed with 150 ml THF, 150 ml water. Organic and aqueous layer were separated and aqueous layer was extracted with THF. Organic layers were combined and washed with water. The organic layer was cooled up to 5-10°C, 20 ml of TEA and 13 ml of Ethyl chloro formate were added. The reaction mass was stirred for 30 min. After completion of reaction,

reaction mass was washed with 2M sulfuric acid solution and distilled out reaction mass completely under vacuum. Acetonitrile (50 ml) was added to residue and heated up to 40- 45°C. Cooled the reaction mass up to 25-30°C and filtered the solid. Purity: 94-96% Example 2(b): Crystallization with Acetonitrile Acetonitrile (50 ml) was added to above obtained solid and heated to 40-45°C. Cooled the

25 reaction mass slowly up to 25-30°C and then up to 5-10°C. The reaction mass was stirred and the solid was filtered. XRD: Fig-1 Purity: 98-99% Example 2(c): Crystallization with Ethyl acetate To the solid obtained in example-1(a) Ethyl acetate (30 ml) was added. The reaction mass was heated up to 70-75°C and stirred for 10-15 min. The reaction mass was cooled slowly up 30 to 25-30°C and then up to 5-10°C. The reaction mass was stirred for 30 min. The solid was filtered and washed with Ethyl acetate. XRD: Fig-2 Purity: 98-99%

Example 3: Preparation of Amorphous Form of Vorapaxar base Vorapaxar base (10.0 g) was dissolved in 500 ml of 40% Ethyl acetate in Cyclohexane. The solvent was then completely removed under vacuum at 45-50o C to give a solid. Yield: 9.8 g

Example 3 (a): Preparation of crystalline vorapaxar base 5 (2-{[Ethyl (ethylperoxy)phosphory]methyl}-5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridine) (10 g) was dissolved in THF (30ml) at 25±5°C under Nitrogen. Cool the reaction mass up to -30 to – 50°C. Add drop wise LDA (2.0 M solution in THF). After 1 hr add drop wise (N- [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-formyl dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6- yl]-ethyl ester Carbamic acid) solution (10 g dissolved in 70 ml THF). After completion of 10 reaction mass quench the reaction mass to sulphuric acid solution. Separate the layers and distilled out organic layer under vacuum get foamy residue. (purity 82%) Add MIBK (10 ml) in above residue and stir it at 40-50°C till clear solution. Add drop wise n-Heptane (10 ml) and stir the reaction mass for 30 min. Gradually cool the reaction mass up to 25-30°C. Stir the reaction mass for 24 hrs. Filter the solid and washed it with n-Heptane (5.0 ml). Dry the 15 solid. Yield: 7.0 g. XRD: Fig-3 purity 96%

Example 3(b): Preparation of crystalline vorapaxar base Vorapaxar advance intermediate (2-{[Ethyl (ethylperoxy)phosphory]methyl}-5-(3- fluorophenyl)pyridine) (10 g) was dissolved in THF (30ml) at 25±5°C under Nitrogen. Cool the reaction mass up to -30 to -50°C. Add drop wise LDA (2.0 M solution in THF). After a 1

20 hr add drop wise VORA-Aldehyde (N-[(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-formyl dodecahydro1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]-ethyl ester Carbamic acid) solution (10 g dissolved in 70 ml THF). After completion of reaction mass quench the reaction mass to sulphuric acid solution. Separate the layers and distilled out organic layer under vacuum get foamy residue (purity 82%). Add MTBE (10 ml) in above residue and stir it at 40-50°C till clear solution.

25 Add drop wise n-Heptane (30 ml) and stir the reaction mass for 30 min. Gradually cool the reaction mass up to 25-30°C. Stir the reaction mass for 24 hrs. Filter the solid and washed it with n-Heptane (5.0 ml). Dry the solid. Yield: 8.5.0 g. XRD: Fig-4 purity 97%

References

Samuel Chackalamannil; Wang, Yuguang; Greenlee, William J.; Hu, Zhiyong; Xia, Yan; Ahn, Ho-Sam; Boykow, George; Hsieh, Yunsheng et al. (2008). “Discovery of a Novel, Orally Active Himbacine-Based Thrombin Receptor Antagonist (SCH 530348) with Potent Antiplatelet Activity”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 51 (11): 3061–4.doi:10.1021/jm800180e. PMID 18447380.
Merck Blood Thinner Studies Halted in Select Patients, Bloomberg News, January 13, 2011
Tricoci et al. (2012). “Thrombin-Receptor Antagonist Vorapaxar in Acute Coronary Syndromes”. New England Journal of Medicine 366 (1): 20–33.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1109719. PMID 22077816.
Morrow, DA; Braunwald, E; Bonaca, MP; Ameriso, SF; Dalby, AJ; Fish, MP; Fox, KA; Lipka, LJ; Liu, X; Nicolau, JC; Ophuis, AJ; Paolasso, E; Scirica, BM; Spinar, J; Theroux, P; Wiviott, SD; Strony, J; Murphy, SA; TRA 2P–TIMI 50 Steering Committee and, Investigators (Apr 12, 2012). “Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events.”. The New England Journal of Medicine 366 (15): 1404–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200933.PMID 22443427.
“Merck Statement on FDA Advisory Committee for Vorapaxar, Merck’s Investigational Antiplatelet Medicine”. Merck. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2014/01/15/fda-advisory-panel-votes-in-favor-of-approval-for-mercks-vorapaxar/
SCH-530348 (Vorapaxar) is an investigational candidate for the prevention of arterial thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome and peripheral arterial disease. “Convergent Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of 4-Hydroxypent-2-ynoic Acid Diphenylamide for a Thrombin Receptor Antagonist Sch530348 and Himbacine Analogues.” Alex Zaks et al.: Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351: 2351-2357 Full text;
Discovery of a novel, orally active himbacine-based thrombin receptor antagonist (SCH 530348) with potent antiplatelet activity
J Med Chem 2008, 51(11): 3061

Stu Borman (2005). “Hopes Ride on Drug Candidates: Researchers reveal potential new medicines for thrombosis, anxiety, diabetes, and cancer”. Chemical & Engineering News 83 (16): 40–44.

PATENTS

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WO2008/5353
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US2009297576	12-4-2009	Local Delivery of PAR-1 Antagonists to Treat Vascular Complications
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US7605275	10-21-2009	Exo- and diastereo- selective syntheses of himbacine analogs
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US6063847 *	Nov 23, 1998	May 16, 2000	Schering Corporation	Thrombin receptor antagonists
US6326380 *	Apr 7, 2000	Dec 4, 2001	Schering Corporation	Thrombin receptor antagonists
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US20040176418 *	Jan 9, 2004	Sep 9, 2004	Schering Corporation	Crystalline polymorph of a bisulfate salt of a thrombin receptor antagonist

WO2011128420A1

Apr 14, 2011

Oct 20, 2011

Sanofi

Pyridyl-vinyl pyrazoloquinolines as par1 inhibitors

//////////////fast track designation , VORAPAXAR, FDA 2014, EU 2016, Zontivity, NDA 204886, MERCK, VORAPAXAR SULPHATE

CCOC(=O)NC1CCC2C(C1)CC3C(C2C=CC4=NC=C(C=C4)C5=CC(=CC=C5)F)C(OC3=O)C

Isavuconazonium sulfate, Изавуконазониев сулфат

June 8, 2018 11:01 am / Leave a comment

Isavuconazonium sulfate

Изавуконазониев сулфат

CAS 946075-13-4

MOLECULAR FORMULA:	C₃₅H₃₆F₂N₈O₉S₂
MOLECULAR WEIGHT:	814.837 g/mol

BAL-8557-002, BAL 8557

[2-[1-[1-[(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-yl]ethoxycarbonyl-methylamino]pyridin-3-yl]methyl 2-(methylamino)acetate;hydrogen sulfate

UNII:31Q44514JV

(2-{[(1-{1-[(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-yl}ethoxy)carbonyl](methyl)amino}pyridin-3-yl)methyl N-methylglycinate hydrogen sulfate

(2-{[(1-{1-[(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-yl}ethoxy)carbonyl](methyl)amino}-3-pyridinyl)methyl N-methylglycinate hydrog en sulfate

FDA 2015, EU 2015, BAL8557-002, BCS CLASS I, RO-0098557 , AK-1820

fast track designation

QIDP

ORPHAN DRUG EU

Image result for Isavuconazonium sulfate

1-{(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3- thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl}-4-[(1RS)-1-({methyl[3-({[(methylamino)acetyl] oxy}methyl) pyridin-2-yl]carbamoyl}oxy)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium monosulfate (IUPAC), corresponding to the molecular formula C35H35F2N8O5S·HSO4 and has a relative molecular mass of 814.84 g/mol. The relative molecular mass of isavuconazole is 437.47.

Isavuconazonium is a second-generation triazole antifungal approved on March 6, 2015 by the FDA for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis, marketed by Astellas under the brand Cresemba. It is the prodrug form of isavuconazole, the active moiety, and it is available in oral and parenteral formulations. Due to low solubility in waterof isavuconazole on its own, the isovuconazonium formulation is favorable as it has high solubility in water and allows for intravenous administration. This formulation also avoids the use of a cyclodextrin vehicle for solubilization required for intravenous administration of other antifungals such as voriconazole and posaconazole, eliminating concerns of nephrotoxicity associated with cyclodextrin. Isovuconazonium has excellent oral bioavailability, predictable pharmacokinetics, and a good safety profile, making it a reasonable alternative to its few other competitors on the market.

Originally developed at Roche, the drug candidate was subsequently acquired by Basilea. In 2010, the product was licensed to Astellas Pharma by Basilea Pharmaceutica for codevelopment and copromotion worldwide, including an option for Japan, for the treatment of fungal infection.

FDA approves new antifungal drug Cresemba

03/06/2015 02:10 PM EST

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Cresemba (isavuconazonium sulfate), a new antifungal drug product used to treat adults with invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis, rare but serious infections.

Syn……https://newdrugapprovals.org/2013/10/02/isavuconazole-basilea-reports-positive-results-from-study/

PRODUCT PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/US6300353

InventorTadakatsu Hayase Shigeyasu Ichihara Yoshiaki Isshiki Pingli Liu Jun Ohwada Toshiya Sakai Nobuo Shimma Masao Tsukazaki Isao Umeda Toshikazu Yamazaki

Current Assignee Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd Original

AssigneeBasilea Pharmaceutica AG Priority date 1998-03-06

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO1999045008A1/en

POLYMORPHS OF BASE

WO 2016055918

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2016055918A1/en

PATENT

IN 2014MU03189

WOCKHARDT

Isavuconazole, isavuconazonium, Voriconazole, and Ravuconazole are azole derivatives and known as antifungal drugs for treatment of systemic mycoses as reported in US 5,648,372, US 5,792,781, US 6,300,353 and US 6,812,238. The US patent No. 6,300,353 discloses Isavuconazole and its process. It has chemical name [(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-(2,5- difluorophenyl)-butan-2-ol;

The Isavuconazonium iodide hydrochloride and Isavuconazonium sulfate can be prepared according to known methods, e.g. pending Indian Patent Applications IN 2424/MUM/2014 and IN 2588/MUM/2014.

Example-1: Preparation of Amorphous Isavuconazole

4-cyano Phenacyl bromide F F N N N OH N S CN Formula-I Formula-III In a round bottomed flask charged ethanol (250 ml), thioamide compound of formula-II (25.0 gm) and 4-cyano phenacyl bromide (18.4 gm) under stirring. The reaction mixture were heated to 70 0C. After completion of reaction the solvent was removed under vacuum distillation and water (250 ml) and Ethyl acetate (350 ml) were added to reaction mass. The reaction mixture was stirred and its pH was adjusted between 7 to 7.5 by 10 % solution of sodium bicarbonate. The layer aqueous layer was discarded and organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (100 ml) and concentrated under vacuum to get residue. The residue was suspended in methyl tert-butyl ether (250 ml) and the reaction mixture was heated to at 40°C to make crystals uniform and finally reaction mass is cooled to room temperature filtered and washed with the methyl tert-butyl ether. The product was isolated dried to get pale yellowish solid product. Yield: 26.5 gm HPLC purity: 92.7%

CLIP

March 6, 2015

Release

Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species, and mucormycosis is caused by the Mucorales fungi. These infections occur most often in people with weakened immune systems.

Cresemba belongs to a class of drugs called azole antifungal agents, which target the cell wall of a fungus. Cresemba is available in oral and intravenous formulations.

“Today’s approval provides a new treatment option for patients with serious fungal infections and underscores the importance of having available safe and effective antifungal drugs,” said Edward Cox, M.D., M.P.H, director of the Office of Antimicrobial Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Cresemba is the sixth approved antibacterial or antifungal drug product designated as a Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP). This designation is given to antibacterial or antifungal drug products that treat serious or life-threatening infections under the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) title of the FDA Safety and Innovation Act.

As part of its QIDP designation, Cresemba was given priority review, which provides an expedited review of the drug’s application. The QIDP designation also qualifies Cresemba for an additional five years of marketing exclusivity to be added to certain exclusivity periods already provided by the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. As these types of fungal infections are rare, the FDA also granted Cresemba orphan drug designations for invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.

The approval of Cresemba to treat invasive aspergillosis was based on a clinical trial involving 516 participants randomly assigned to receive either Cresemba or voriconazole, another drug approved to treat invasive aspergillosis. Cresemba’s approval to treat invasive mucormycosis was based on a single-arm clinical trial involving 37 participants treated with Cresemba and compared with the natural disease progression associated with untreated mucormycosis. Both studies showed Cresemba was safe and effective in treating these serious fungal infections.

The most common side effects associated with Cresemba include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, abnormal liver blood tests, low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia), constipation, shortness of breath (dyspnea), coughing and tissue swelling (peripheral edema). Cresemba may also cause serious side effects including liver problems, infusion reactions and severe allergic and skin reactions.

Cresemba is marketed by Astellas Pharma US, Inc., based in Northbrook, Illinois.

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The active substance is isavuconazonium sulfate, a highly water soluble pro-drug of the active triazole isavuconazole. The chemical name of the active substance isavuconazonium sulfate is 1-{(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3- thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl}-4-[(1RS)-1-({methyl[3-({[(methylamino)acetyl] oxy}methyl) pyridin-2-yl]carbamoyl}oxy)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium monosulfate (IUPAC), corresponding to the molecular formula C35H35F2N8O5S·HSO4 and has a relative molecular mass of 814.84 g/mol. The relative molecular mass of isavuconazole is 437.47. The active substance has the following structure:

The structure of the active substance has been confirmed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, UV, IR, 1H-, 13C- and 19F-NMR spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray analysis, all of which support the chemical structure. It appears as a white, amorphous, hygroscopic powder. It is very soluble in water and over the pH range 1-7. It is also very soluble in methanol and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Two pKa values have been found and calculated to be 2.0 and 7.3. Its logPoct/wat calculated by software is 1.31.

Isavuconazonium sulfate has three chiral centres. The stereochemistry of the active substance is introduced by one of the starting materials which is controlled by appropriate specification. The two centres, C7 and C8 in the isavuconazole moiety and in an intermediate of the active substance, have R configuration. The third chiral centre, C29, is not located on isavuconazole moiety and has both the R and S configurations. The nondefined stereo centre at C29 has been found in all batches produced so far to be racemic. Erosion of stereochemical purity has not been observed in the current process. The active substance is a mixture of two epimers of C29.

An enantiomer of drug substance was identified as C7 (S), C8 (S) and C29 (R/S) structure. The control of the stereochemistry of isavuconazonium sulfate is performed by chiral HPLC on the active substance and its two precursors. Subsequent intermediates are also controlled by relevant specification in the corresponding steps. Two crystal forms have been observed by recrystallisation studies. However the manufacturing process as described yields amorphous form only.

Two different salt forms of isavuconazonuium (chloride and sulfate) were identified during development. The sulfate salt was selected for further development. A polymorph screening study was also performed. None of the investigated salts could be obtained in crystalline Form………http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002734/WC500196130.pdf

Image result for isavuconazonium

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Clip

Isavuconazonium (Cresemba ) is a water-soluble prodrug of the triazole antifungal isavuconazole (BAL4815), a 14-a-demethylase inhibitor, under development byBasilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd and Astellas Pharma Inc. Isavuconazonium, in both its intravenous and oral formulations, was approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis (formerly termed zygomycosis) in the US in March 2015. Isavuconazonium is under regulatory review in the EU for invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. It is also under phase III development worldwide for the treatment of invasive candidiasis and candidaemia. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of isavuconazonium leading to the first approval for invasive spergillosis and mucormycosis.

Introduction

The availability of both an intravenous (IV) and an oral formulation of isavuconazonium (Cresemba ), as a result of its water solubility, rapid hydrolysis to the active entity isavuconazole and very high oral bioavailability, provides maximum flexibility to clinicians for treating seriously ill patients with invasive fungal infections [1]. Both the IV and oral formulations have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat adults with invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis [2]. The recommended dosages of each formulation are identical, consisting of loading doses of 372 mg (equivalent to 200 mg of isavuconazole) every eight hours for six doses, followed by maintenance therapy with 372 mg administered once daily [3]. The Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) designation of the drug with priority review status by the FDA isavuconazonium in the US provided and a five year extension of market exclusivity from launch. Owing to the rarity of the approved infections,

isavuconazonium was also granted orphan drug designation by the FDA for these indications [2]. It has also been granted orphan drug and QIDP designation in the US for the treatment of invasive candidiasis [4]. In July 2014, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd submitted a Marketing Authorization Application to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for isavuconazonium in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis, indications for which the EMA has granted isavuconazonium orphan designation [5, 6]. Isavuconazonium is under phase III development in many countries worldwide for the treatment of invasive candidiasis and candidaemia.

1.1 Company agreements

In 2010, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd (a spinoff from Roche, founded in 2000) entered into a licence agreement with Astellas Pharma Inc in which the latter would co-develop and co-promote isavuconazonium worldwide, including an option for Japan. In return for milestone payments, Astellas Pharma was granted an exclusive right to commercialize isavuconazonium, while Basilea Pharmaceutica retained an option to co-promote the drug in the US, Canada, major European countries and China [7]. The companies amended their agreement in 2014, making Astellas Pharma responsible for all regulatory filings, commercialization and manufacturing of isavuconazonium in the US and Canada. Basilea Pharmaceutica waived its right to co-promote the product in the US and Canada, in order to assume all rights in the rest of the world [8]. However, Astellas Pharma remains as sponsor of the multinational, phase III ACTIVE trial in patients with invasive candidiasis.

2 Scientific Summary

Isavuconazonium (as the sulphate; BAL 8557) is a prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases (mainly butylcholinesterase) in plasma into the active moiety isavuconazole

(BAL 4815) and an inactive cleavage product (BAL 8728).

References

1. Falci DR, Pasqualotto AC. Profile of isavuconazole and its potential in the treatment of severe invasive fungal infections. Infect Drug Resist. 2013;6:163–74.

2. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves new antifungal drug Cresemba. 2015. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm437106.htm. Accessed 12 Mar 2015.

3. US Food and Drug Administration. Cresemba (isavuconazonium sulfate): US prescribing information. 2015. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/207500Orig1s000lbl.pdf. Accessed 18 Mar 2015.

4. Astellas Pharma US Inc. FDA grants Astellas Qualified Infectious Disease Product designation for isavuconazole for the treatment of invasive candidiasis (media release). 2014. http://newsroom astellas.us/2014-07-16-FDA-Grants-Astellas-Qualified-Infectious-Disease-Product-Designation-for-Isavuconazole-for-the-Treatmentof-Invasive-Candidiasis.

5. European Medicines Agency. Public summary of opinion on orphan designation: isavuconazonium sulfate for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. 2014. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Orphan_designation/2014/07/WC500169890.pdf. Accessed 18 Mar 2015.

European Medicines Agency. Public summary of opinion on orphan designation: isavuconazonium sulfate for the treatment of mucormycosis. 2014. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Orphan_designation/2014/07/WC500169714.pdf. Accessed 18 Mar 2015.

7. Basilea Pharmaceutica. Basilea announces global partnership with Astellas for its antifungal isavuconazole (media release).2010. http://www.basilea.com/News-and-Media/Basilea-announcesglobal-partnership-with-Astellas-for-its-antifungal-isavuconazole/343.

8. Basilea Pharmaceutica. Basilea swaps its isavuconazole North American co-promote rights for full isavuconazole rights outside of North America (media release). 2014. http://www.basilea.com/News-and-Media/Basilea-swaps-its-isavuconazole-North-Americanco-promote-rights-for-full-isavuconazole-rights-outside-

CLIP

Image result for Isavuconazonium sulfate

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http://www.jpharmsci.org/article/S0022-3549(15)00035-0/pdf

A CLIP

http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/207500Orig1207501Orig1s000ChemR.pdf

EMA

On 4 July 2014 orphan designation (EU/3/14/1284) was granted by the European Commission to Basilea Medical Ltd, United Kingdom, for isavuconazonium sulfate for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.

Update: isavuconazonium sulfate (Cresemba) has been authorised in the EU since 15 October 2015. Cresemba is indicated in adults for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antifungal agents.

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002734/WC500196130.pdf

It appears as a white, amorphous, hygroscopic powder. It is very soluble in water and over the pH range 1-7. It is also very soluble in methanol and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Two pKa values have been found and calculated to be 2.0 and 7.3. Its logPoct/wat calculated by software is 1.31.

FDA Orange Book Patents

US 6812238

US 7459561

FDA ORANGE BOOK PATENTS: 1 OF 2
Patent	7459561
Expiration	Oct 31, 2020
Applicant	ASTELLAS
Drug Application	N207500 (Prescription Drug: CRESEMBA. Ingredients: ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULFATE)

from FDA Orange Book

FDA ORANGE BOOK PATENTS: 2 OF 2
Patent	6812238
Expiration	Oct 31, 2020
Applicant	ASTELLAS
Drug Application	N207500 (Prescription Drug: CRESEMBA. Ingredients: ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULFATE)

FREE FORM

Isavuconazonium; Isavuconazonium ion; Cresemba; BAL-8557; 742049-41-8;

[2-[1-[1-[(2R,3R)-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-4-yl]ethoxycarbonyl-methylamino]pyridin-3-yl]methyl 2-(methylamino)acetate

MOLECULAR FORMULA:	C₃₅H₃₅F₂N₈O₅S⁺
MOLECULAR WEIGHT:	717.773 g/mol

Patent IDDatePatent Title

US20102494262010-09-30STABILIZED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION

US74595612008-12-02N-substituted carbamoyloxyalkyl-azolium derivativesUS71898582007-03-13N-phenyl substituted carbamoyloxyalkyl-azolium derivatives

US71511822006-12-19Intermediates for N-substituted carbamoyloxyalkyl-azolium derivatives

US68122382004-11-02N-substituted carbamoyloxyalkyl-azolium derivatives

REF

http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06636

////////// BAL 8557, BAL-8557-002, CRESEMBA, ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULFATE, QIDP designation, Cresemba , priority review, FDA 2015, EU 2015, BAL8557-002, BCS CLASS I, orphan designation, invasive aspergillosis, invasive mucormycosis, RO-0098557 , AK-1820, fast track designation, QIDP, 946075-13-4

CC(C1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)C(CN3C=[N+](C=N3)C(C)OC(=O)N(C)C4=C(C=CC=N4)COC(=O)CNC)(C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F)O

CC(C1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)C(CN3C=[N+](C=N3)C(C)OC(=O)N(C)C4=C(C=CC=N4)COC(=O)CNC)(C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]

UPDATE NEW PATENT

WOCKHARDT, WO 2016016766, ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULPHATE, NEW PATENT

(WO2016016766) A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ISAVUCONAZONIUM OR ITS SALT THEREOF

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016016766&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

WOCKHARDT LIMITED [IN/IN]; D-4, MIDC Area, Chikalthana, Aurangabad 431006 (IN)

KHUNT, Rupesh Chhaganbhai; (IN).
RAFEEQ, Mohammad; (IN).
MERWADE, Arvind Yekanathsa; (IN).
DEO, Keshav; (IN)

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable Isavuconazonium or its salt thereof. In particular of the present invention relates to process for the preparing of isavuconazonium sulfate, Isavuconazonium iodide hydrochloride and Boc-protected isavuconazonium iodide has purity more than 90%. The process is directed to preparation of solid amorphous form of isavuconazonium sulfate, isavuconazonium iodide hydrochloride and Boc-protected isavuconazonium iodide. The present invention process of Isavuconazonium or its salt thereof is industrially feasible, simple and cost effective to manufacture of isavuconazonium sulfate with the higher purity and better yield.

Isavuconazonium sulfate is chemically known l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(methylamino) acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l,2,4]-triazo-4-ium Sulfate and is structurally represented by formula (I):

Formula I

Isavuconazonium sulfate (BAL8557) is indicated for the treatment of antifungal infection. Isavuconazonium sulfate is a prodrug of Isavuconazole (BAL4815), which is chemically known 4-{2-[(lR,2R)-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-(lH-l ,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propyl]-l ,3-thiazol-4-yl}benzonitrile compound of Formula II

Formula II

US Ppatent No. 6,812,238 (referred to herein as ‘238); 7,189,858 (referred to herein as ‘858); 7,459,561 (referred to herein as ‘561) describe Isavuconazonium and its process for the preparation thereof.

The US Pat. ‘238 patent describes the process of preparation of Isavuconazonium chloride hydrochloride.

The US Pat. ‘238 described the process for the Isavuconazonium chloride hydrochloride, involves the condensation of Isavuconazole and [N-methyl-N-3((tert-butoxycarbonyl methylamino) acetoxymethyl) pyridine-2-yl]carbamic acid 1 -chloro-ethyl ester. The prior art reported process require almost 15-16 hours, whereas the present invention process requires only 8-10 hours. Inter alia prior art reported process requires too many step to prepare isavuconazonium sulfate, whereas the present invention process requires fewer steps.

Moreover, the US Pat. ‘238 describes the process for the preparation Isavuconazonium hydrochloride, which may be used as the key intermediate for the synthesis of isavuconazonium sulfate, compound of formula I. There are several drawbacks in the said process, which includes the use of anionic resin to prepare Isavuconazonium chloride hydrochloride, consequently it requires multiple time lyophilization, which makes the said prior art process industrially, not feasible.

The inventors of the present invention surprisingly found that Isavuconazonium or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in yield and purity could be prepared by using substantially pure intermediates in suitable solvent.

Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide simple, cost effective and industrially feasible processes for manufacture of isavuconazonium sulfate. Inventors of the present invention surprisingly found that isavuconazonium sulfate prepared from isavuconazonium iodide hydrochloride, provides enhanced yield as well as purity.

The process of the present invention is depicted in the following scheme:

Formula I

Formula-IA

The present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which does not limit the scope of the invention. Certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Examples

Example-1: Synthesis of l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(t-butoxycarbonylmethylamino) acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl]carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3 – [4-(4-cyanophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]butyl] – 1 H-[ 1 ,2,4] -triazo-4-ium iodide

Isavuconazole (20 g) and [N-methyl-N-3((tert-butoxycarbonylmethylamino)acetoxy methyl)pyridine-2-yl]carbamic acid 1 -chloro-ethyl ester (24.7 g) were dissolved in acetonitrile (200ml). The reaction mixture was stirred to add potassium iodide (9.9 g). The reaction mixture was stirred at 47-50°C for 10-13 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mass was filtered through celite bed and washed acetonitrile. Residue was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude solid product (47.7 g). The crude product was purified by column chromatography to get its pure iodide form (36.5 g).

Yield: 84.5 %

HPLC Purity: 87%

Mass: m/z 817.4 (M- 1)⁺

Example-2: Synthesis of l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(methylamino)acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l ,2,4]-triazo-4-ium iodide hydrochloride

l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(t-butoxycarbonylmethylamino)acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l ,2,4]-triazo-4-ium iodide (36.5 g) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to -5 to 0 °C. The ethyl acetate hydrochloride (150 ml) solution was added to reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4-5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and obtained solid residue washed with ethyl acetate. The solid dried under vacuum at room temperature for 20-24 hrs to give 32.0 gm solid.

Yield: 93 %

HPLC Purity: 86%

Mass: m/z 717.3 (M-HC1- 1)

Example-3: Preparation of Strong anion exchange resin (Sulfate).

Indion GS-300 was treated with aqueous sulfate anion solution and then washed with DM water. It is directly used for sulfate salt.

Example-4: Synthesis of l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(methylamino)acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l ,2,4]-triazo-4-ium Sulfate

Dissolved 10.0 g l-[[N-methyl-N-3-[(methylamino)acetoxymethyl]pyridin-2-yl] carbamoyloxy]ethyl-l-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]butyl]-lH-[l ,2,4]-triazo-4-ium iodide hydrochloride in 200 ml deminerahzed water and 30 ml methanol. The solution was cooled to about 0 to 5°C. The strong anion exchange resin (sulfate) was added to the cooled solution. The reaction mixture was stirred to about 60-80 minutes. The reaction was filtered and washed with 50ml of demineralized water and methylene chloride. The aqueous layer was lyophilized to obtain

(8.0 g) white solid.

Yield: 93 %

HPLC Purity: > 90%

Mass: m/z 717.4 (M- HS0₄) ⁺

PATENT

CN 105288648

PATENT

CN 106883226

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106883226A/en

PATENT

CN 107982221

PAPER

Title: Introduction of New Drugs Approved by the U.S. FDA in 2015

Author: Ma Shuai; Wenying Ling; Zhou Weicheng;

Source: China Pharmaceutical Industry

Publisher: Tongfangzhiwang Beijing Technology Co., Ltd.

Year of publication:

DOI code: 10.16522/j.cnki.cjph.2016.01.022

Registration Time: 2016-02-19 02:04:15

///////////////

GFT 505, Elafibranor, элафибранор , إيلافيبرانور , 依非兰诺

May 28, 2018 9:46 am / Leave a comment

ChemSpider 2D Image | (E)-Elafibranor | C22H24O4S ChemSpider 2D Image | Elafibranor | C22H24O4S

(E)-Elafibranor

Molecular FormulaC₂₂H₂₄O₄S
Average mass384.489 Da

Elafibranor

CAS 824932-88-9 E Z MIXTURE USAN

CAS 923978-27-2 E ISOMER INN

2-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-{3-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]-3-oxo-1-propen-1-yl}phenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid

Elafibranor(GFT505)

GFT505;GFT-505;GFT 505

UNII:2J3H5C81A5

(E)-Elafibranor

2-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-{(1E)-3-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]-3-oxo-1-propen-1-yl}phenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid

2-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-{(1E)-3-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]-3-oxo-1-propen-1-yl}phenoxy)-2-methylpropansäure

2J3H5C81A5

CAS 923978-27-2 E ISOMER INN

Acide 2-(2,6-diméthyl-4-{(1E)-3-[4-(méthylsulfanyl)phényl]-3-oxo-1-propén-1-yl}phénoxy)-2-méthylpropanoïque[French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]

GFT505

Propanoic acid, 2-[2,6-dimethyl-4-[(1E)-3-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-3-oxo-1-propen-1-yl]phenoxy]-2-methyl-

UNII-2J3H5C81A5

(E)-2-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid

элафибранор[Russian][INN]

إيلافيبرانور[Arabic][INN]

依非兰诺[Chinese][INN]

UNII-2J3H5C81A5

Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steato-Hepatitis, Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes

PATENT

US20070032543

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20070032543A1/en

InventorJean Delhomel Karine Caumont-Bertrand Genfit

2002-07-08 EXPIRY 2032 JULY

OTHERS

US7385082

US8058308

CN 106674069

WO 2016127019

WO 2018060373

WO 2018060372

INNOVATOR Genfit SA

READ AT http://www.genfit.com/pipeline/elafibranor/

FAST TRACK FDA

Fibrosis; Primary biliary cirrhosis; Cholangitis; Obesity; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Lipid metabolism disorder; Cancer; Non-insulin dependent diabetes; Crohns disease

Genfit is developing elafibranor (GFT-505; structure shown), a PPAR alpha and delta agonist with antioxidant properties and an anti-inflammatory action, for the potential oral treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

REGULATORY

In November 2016, the EMA approved elafibranor’s Pediatric Investigation Plan (PIP) . In February 2017, the company expected to obtain conditional marketing authorization for elafibranor in NASH during the course of the second half of 2019 or first half of 2020 .

In February 2014, the FDA granted Fast Track designation for GFT-505 for the treatment of NASH

PHASE III

In March 2015, the company was planning to begin a late stage phase III trial in patients with seriously Ill NASH (expected n = 2,000)

EUROPE

http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/pips/EMEA-001857-PIP01-15/pip_001493.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d129

Active substance	Elafibranor
Decision number	P/0237/2016
PIP number	EMEA-001857-PIP01-15
Pharmaceutical form(s)	Capsule, hard; Coated tablet
Condition(s)/indication(s)	Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Route(s) of administration	Oral use
PIP applicant	Genfit SA France Tel.+33 320164000 Fax +33 320164001 Email: contact@genfit.com
Decision type	P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s)

Doubts on drug substance

https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/gft%20505

Elafibranor
GFT 505
GFT-505
UNII-2J3H5C81A5

https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/structure/923978-27-2?maxscale=30&width=300&height=300

scifinder refers to CAS Registry Number 923978-27-2 as E isomer

2-[2,6-Dimethyl-4-[(1E)-3-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-3-oxo-1-propen-1-yl]phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid
GFT 505

SYNTHESIS

6 STEPS

WO 2005005369, WO 2004005233

SYN 2

CN106674069

Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	76 mg/mL (197.66 mM)
	Ethanol	76 mg/mL (197.66 mM)
	Water	Insoluble

Biological Activity

Description

Elafibranor is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α(PPAR-alpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ(PPAR-δ). It improves insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation.

Targets

PPARα ^[1]
()

PPARδ ^[1]
()

In vitro

GFT505 is a novel PPAR modulator that shows a preferential activity on PPAR-α and concomitant activity on PPAR-δ^[2].

In vivo

Elafibranor (GFT505) is a dual PPARα/δ agonist that has demonstrated efficacy in disease models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/NASH and liver fibrosis. In the rat, GFT505 concentrated in the liver with limited extrahepatic exposure and underwent extensive enterohepatic cycling. Elafibranor confers liver protection by acting on several pathways involved in NASH pathogenesis, reducing steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. GFT505 improved liver dysfunction markers, decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, and inhibited proinflammatory (interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and F4/80) and profibrotic (transforming growth factor beta, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, collagen type I, alpha 1, and collagen type I, alpha 2) gene expression^[1].

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

REF FOR ABOVE

Elafibranor (code name GFT505) is a multimodal and pluripotent medication for treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia for an overweight patient with or without diabetes. It is an oral treatment that acts on the 3 sub-types of PPAR (PPARa, PPARg, PPARd) with a preferential action on PPARa. As of February 2016, elafibranor has completed 8 clinical trials and a phase III is in progress.

Elafibranor (INN,^[2] code name GFT505) is an experimental medication that is being studied and developed by Genfit for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).^[3]^[4]^[5]

Elafibranor is a dual PPARα/δ agonist.^[6]^[7]

FT505 is an oral treatment that acts on the 3 sub-types of PPAR (PPARa, PPARg, PPARd) with a preferential action on PPARa. It has a sophisticated mechanism of action. It is able to differentially recruit cofactors to the nuclear receptor, which subsequently lead to differential regulation of genes and biological effect. Therefore, the ability to identify and profile the activity of selective nuclear receptor modulator (SNuRMs) is a powerful approach to select innovative drug candidates with improved efficacy and diminished side effects. These pluripotent and multimodal molecules have significant positive effects on obesity, insulin-resistance and diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and the lipid triad (increasing of HDL cholesterol, lowering of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol).

Clinical studies

Administered to over 800 patients and healthy volunteers to date, elafibranor has demonstrated:

beneficial properties for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)^[8]
improvement of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis^[9]

Phase 2b (GOLDEN) results were published online in Gastroenterology in February 2016^[10] and will be fully available in the paper version in May 2016.

As of February 2016, elafibranor has completed 8 clinical trials and a phase III is in progress.^[11]

Pre-clinical studies

Efficacy on histological NASH parameters (steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis) in animal disease models — anti-fibrotic activities.^[12]

The absence of safety concern has been confirmed in a full toxicological package up to 2-year carcinogenicity studies and cardiac studies (in mice).^[13]

PATENT

20060142611 or 20050176808

Patent

US20070032543

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20070032543A1/en

This compound was synthesized from 1-[4-methylthiophenyl]-3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-isopropyloxycarbonyldimethylmethyloxyphenyl]prop-2-en-1-one (compound 28) according to general method 5 described earlier.
Purification was made by chromatography on silica gel (elution: dichloromethane/methanol 98:2).
¹H NMR DMSO-d₆δppm: 1.39 (s, 6H), 2.22 (s, 6H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 7.40 (d, J=8.55 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (s, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 8.1 (d, J=8.55 Hz, 2H), 12.97 (s, 1H).
MS (ES-MS): 383.3 (M−1).

PATENT

WO 2016127019

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=FD673C8170C27624DC7C0E0C9420AD23.wapp2nB?docId=WO2016127019&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

PATENT

CN 106674069

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106674069A/en https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106674069A/en

The liver is one of the most important organs of the body, is one of the highest organ of risk. Many factors can lead to liver disease. For example, drinking too much can lead to cirrhosis, excessive medication can lead to liver damage and even obesity can lead to fatty liver. Thus, the pharmaceutical treatment of fatty liver diseases has become a hot spot of bio-pharmaceutical development.

French Genf biopharmaceutical company said recently that the US Food and Drug Administration has agreed to continue the development of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α / δ dual agonist GFT505, and begin Phase IIb study in the United States. GFT 505 is expected to rule early diagnosis of fatty liver, heart disease and its complications, prevention and treatment of diabetes-related lipid hyperlipidemia. French Food and Drug Administration approval to a detailed in-depth far for preclinical and clinical data were analyzed based. Experts expressed the Authority, GFT505 to ensure safe operation and research and can lead to liver cancer or liver cirrhosis related biomarkers all favorable. GFT505 structure as shown in formula III.

GFT505 Intermediate I is a key intermediate GFT505III, the existing technology (e.g., Patent Document 1 ^ 1 ^ 20060142611 or 20050176808) are synthesized by the method of 4-methylthio-acetophenone and 3,5 dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde GFT505 condensation of intermediate IV, with 2-bromo-iso-butyric acid tert-butyl ester obtained. Process GFT505 Intermediate I Z double bond configuration is a type, but the 4-methylthio-acetophenone and 3,5_-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde condensation process, the formation of a double bond, it is difficult GFT505 avoid intermediate IV of formula Z, E mixtures of formula, and then 2-bromo-iso-butyric acid tert-butyl ester to give GFT505 intermediate II, R is also of formula Z, E mixtures of formula. E-isomer and Z-type polarity very close to the crystallization purification difficult, very precise product by column chromatography is not suitable for industrial production.

Accordingly, a need to find an efficient synthesis, reducing the content of Z-isomer impurities to improve the purity and yield of the products, and to avoid use of column chromatography purification process difficult industrialization.

The present invention provides a method for the preparation of intermediate I GFT505, comprising the steps of: an organic solvent, a compound II with an alkali metal t-butoxide isomerization reaction to give intermediate I GFT505; the said compound II is a double bond in Z / E mixtures, according GFT505 intermediate I is a compound of formula E; the double bonds in Z / E mixtures of formula Z refers to the product from 0.1% to 99.0% of the total mass of the mixture (including 0.1%, comprising 99.0%); the compound of formula E E means that the content of the compound of formula more than 99.0% (including 99.0%);

In reaction I of the preparation of intermediates GFT505, the organic solvent is preferably a protic solvent, a polar aprotic organic solvent non-polar solvent, more preferably a non-polar solvent. The protic solvent is preferably & ~ (: 4 alcoholic solvent; the & ~ (: t-butanol 4 alcoholic solvent preferably the polar aprotic organic solvent is preferably C 1-C4 nitrile solvents, &. ~ C6 ketone solvents, C1-C4 one or more 4 sulfone amide solvents and C1-C solvent. C1-C4 of the nitrile solvents preferably acetonitrile. the C 1-C6 ketone solvent preferably acetone and / or methyl isobutyl ketone. C1-C4 of the amide-based solvent is preferably N, N- dimethylformamide. C 1-C4 of the sulfone solvent is preferably dimethylsulfoxide. the said nonpolar solvent is preferably aromatic hydrocarbon solvent; the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent preferably toluene.

Example 1: Preparation of intermediate IV GFT505 (refer to Patent W02011 / 144579)

A mixture of 4-mercapto-acetophenone (50g, 0.30 Imo 1), 3,5- dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (45g, 0.30 Imo 1) was added to a methanol solution of hydrogen chloride in 200ml (4moI / L) , 20 ~ 30 ° C for 3 hours, cooled to 0 ~ 10 ° C, stirred for 1 hour, filtered and dried to give 83g GFT505 intermediate (IV) as a yellow solid in 93% yield.

Example 2: Preparation of intermediate IV GFT505 (refer to Patent W02011 / 144579)

A mixture of 4-mercapto-acetophenone (I 9Kg, 114mo 1), 3,5- dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (I 7.1Kg, 114mo 1) was added to a methanol solution of hydrogen chloride in 76L (4mol / L ), 20 ~ 30 ° C for 3 hours, cooled to 0 ~ 10 ° C, stirred for 1 hour, centrifuged, 40 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to obtain 31.6Kg GFT505 intermediate (IV) as a yellow solid, yield 93% . LCMS: m / z = 299 (M + H) +.

Example 3: GFT505 intermediate II preparation (Ref US2006 / 142611)

The GFT505 Intermediate IV (78.8g, 0.263mol) was added to the reaction flask was added acetonitrile (480 ml of), potassium carbonate (54.5g, 0.395mol), tert-butyl 2-bromo-isobutyrate (39.3 g, 0.176mol), heated to 75 ~ 85 ° C for 10 hours, additional potassium carbonate (54.5g, 0.395mol), 2_ tert-butyl bromoisobutyrate (39.3g, 0.176mol) 10 hours, refed with potassium carbonate (54 · 5g, 0 · 395mol), 2- tert-butyl bromoisobutyrate (39 · 3g, 0 · 176mol) for 10 hours, until completion of the reaction compound, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness, was added 800g 400g of dichloromethane and water, layers were separated, washed with water, the organic phase dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, the organic phase was concentrated to dryness, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether to give a solid compound II 81. Ig, yield 70% 〇

Example 4: GFT505 intermediate II preparation (Ref US2006 / 142611)

The GFT505 Intermediate IV (30Kg, 100mol) was added to acetonitrile (183L) was added potassium carbonate (21Kg, 152mol), 2- tert-butyl bromoisobutyrate (14 · 9Kg, 66 · 8mol), was heated to 75 ~ 85 ° C for 10 hours, additional potassium carbonate (21Kg, 152mol), 2- tert-butyl bromoisobutyrate (14.9Kg, 66.8mol) for 10 hours, refed with potassium carbonate (21Kg, 152mol), 2- tert-butyl bromoisobutyrate (14.9Kg, 66.8mol) for 10 hours, until the reaction was complete compound, 45 ~ 55 ° C was slowly concentrated under reduced pressure to distilled off, water was added and 300Kg 160Kg dichloromethane , the organic layer was separated out, IOOKg IOOKg water and washed with 10% concentration of aqueous sodium chloride solution (the mass concentration refers to the percentage by mass of the total mass of sodium chloride aqueous solution), 15 to 25 ° C was slowly distilled off under reduced pressure to concentrate. Ethyl acetate was added IOOKg was heated to 75 ~ 85 ° C a clear solution was added heptane 180Kg, cooled to stirred 15 ~ 25 ° C for 2-3 hours. Centrifugation, washed with n-heptane 40Kg, 40 ~ 50 ° C was dried in vacuo for 12 hours to obtain 31.6Kg GFT505 intermediate II, R a yield of 71.6%. LC-MS: m / z = 441 (M + H) + square

Example 5: Preparation of Intermediate I GFT505

Compound II (81 · lg, 0.184mol) was added to 400g of toluene, cooled to 10 ~ 20 ° C, was added sodium tert-butoxide (26.8g, 0.279mol), heated to 50 ~ 60 ° C for 2 hours , 400g of water was added, layers were separated, washed with water, the organic phase concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, methanol was added to 200ml, cooled to 0-10 ° C, stirred for 1 hour, filtered, 40 ~ 50 ° C (-0 · 08MPa ~ -0 · IMPa ) was dried in vacuo for 12 hours to give a yellow solid 78.8g GFT505 intermediate I, a yield of 97.0% APLC: 99.23% (in terms of E-form, Z configurational isomers accounted for 0.085%, largest other single impurity 0.41%).

Intermediate I the preparation of GFT505: 6 cases of Embodiment

Compound II (31Kg, 70.5mol) was added to 153Kg of toluene, cooled to 10 ~ 20 ° C, was added sodium tert-butoxide (10 · 3Kg, 107mol), warmed to 50 ~ 60 ° C for 2 hours, 160Kg of water, layered, and water IOOKg IOOKg mass concentration of the aqueous solution was washed with 10% sodium chloride (the concentration refers to the percentage by mass of the total mass of sodium chloride aqueous solution), 40 ~ 50 ° C Save concentrated under pressure to slowly distilled off, methanol was added to 60Kg, cooled to 0 ~ 10 ° C, stirred for 1 hour, centrifuged, washed with methanol 20Kg, 40 ~ 50 ° C (-0.08MPa ~ -0.1 MPa) was dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give 30.4 Kg GFT505 yellow solid intermediate I, 1.0 yield 98%. LC-MS: m / z = 441 (M + H) +; HPLC: 99 · 50% E configuration similar terms, Z configurational isomers accounted for 0.082%, largest other single impurity of 0.32%.

7 Example: Preparation of Intermediate I GFT505

The compound II (8.0g, 0.018mol) was added to 64g tert-butanol, cooled to 10 ~ 20 ° C, was added potassium tert-butoxide (6.05g, 0.054mol), heated to 70 ~ 80 ° C Reaction 4 to 5 hours, was added 200g of water, 60g extracted twice with isopropyl acetate, and the organic phase concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, methanol was added 20ml, cooled to 0-10 ° C, stirred for 1 hour, filtered, 40 ~ 50 ° C (_ 0.08MPa ~ -0.1 MPa) was dried in vacuo for 12 hours to give 7.62g yellow solid GFT505 intermediate I, a yield of 95.2% dHPLC: 99.36% (in terms of E-form, Z configurational isomers accounted for 0.079%, single largest other 0.42% impurities).

Example 8: Preparation of Intermediate I GFT505

Compound II (8.Og, 0.018mo 1) was added to 16g N, N- dimethylformamide, cooled to 10 ~ 20 ° C, was added sodium tert-butoxide (2.17g, 0.023mol), heated to the reaction 90 ~ 100 ° C for 1-2 hours, was added 100g of water, 60g extracted twice with isopropyl acetate, the organic phase concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, methanol was added 20ml, cooled to O-HTC, stirred for 1 hour, filtered, 40 ~ 50 ° C (-0.08MPa ~ -0 IMPa.) was dried in vacuo for 12 hours to give 7.34g yellow solid GFT505 intermediate I, a yield of 91.7% APLC: 99.21% E configuration similar terms, Z configurational isomers accounted 0.097%, the largest single other impurities 0.48%).

9 Example: Preparation of Intermediate I GFT505

The compound II (8.0g, 0.018mol) was added to 160g of acetonitrile, cooled to 10 ~ 20 ° C, was added lithium t (7.21g, 0.090mol) butanol, warmed to 40 ~ 50 ° C the reaction 9-10 hours, was added 160g of water, 90g extracted twice with isopropyl acetate, and the organic phase concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, methanol was added 20ml, cooled to 0-10 ° C, stirred for 1 hour, filtered, 40 ~ 50 ° C (_ 0.08MPa ~ -0.1 MPa) was dried in vacuo for 12 hours to give 7.29g yellow solid GFT505 intermediate I, a yield of 91.1% dHPLC: 99.16% (in terms of E-form, Z configurational isomers accounted for 0.089%, largest other single impurity 0.49 %).

10 Example: Preparation of Intermediate I GFT505

The compound II (8.0g, 0.018mol) was added to 28g of dimethyl sulfoxide, cooled to 10 ~ 20 ° C, was added potassium t-butoxide (5.04g, 0.045mol), heated to 60 ~ 70 ° C the reaction 3 to 4 hours, was added 100g of water, 60g extracted twice with isopropyl acetate, and the organic phase concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, methanol was added 20ml, cooled to O-UTC, stirred for 1 hour, filtered, 40 ~ 50 ° C (_ 0.08 MPa ~ -0.1 MPa) was dried in vacuo for 12 hours to give 7.33g yellow solid GFT505 intermediate I, a yield of 91.6% dHPLC: 99.46% (in terms of E-form, Z configurational isomers accounted for 0.077%, largest single impurity other 0.27%).

Preparation of GFT505III: 11 cases of Embodiment

The GFT505 Intermediate I (77.9g, 0.177mol, may be prepared as described in Example 10) was added to the reaction flask was added 790g of dichloromethane was added trifluoroacetic acid (209.7g, 1.84mol), 20 ~ 30 ° C the reaction for 5-6 hours, concentrated to dryness, was added 600ml ethyl acetate and 600ml of water, layers were separated, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated to a small volume the organic phase, 10-20 ° C for 2 hours crystallization, filtration, under -0.08MPa ~ -0.1 MPa, 40 ° C ~ 50 ° C was dried in vacuo 12 hours to give 60.1 g as a yellow solid. 25〇1 yellow solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give 52.98 ^ as a yellow solid 6? 505 (111), a yield of 77.8%.

LC-MS: m / z = 385 (M + H) +; HPLC: 99 · 86%, largest single impurity 0.5 06%.

GFT505III prepared: Example 12 Embodiment

The GFT505 Intermediate I (30Kg, 68.2mol, may be prepared as described in Example 9) was added to 307Kg dichloromethane was added trifluoroacetic acid (80.8Kg, 709mol), 20-30 ° C the reaction 5-6 h, concentrated to dryness, ethyl acetate and water 197Kg 231Kg, layered, and water IOOKg IOOKg concentration of 10 mass% aqueous sodium chloride concentration (which refers to the quality of the aqueous solution of sodium chloride percentage of total mass) washing, 40 ~ 50 ° C to about 80Kg concentrated under reduced pressure, cooled to IO ~ 20 ° C for 2 hours crystallization, centrifugation was washed with ethyl acetate 20Kg, at -0.08MPa ~ -O.IMPa, 40 ~ 50 ° C was dried in vacuo for 12 hours to give a yellow solid was 23.2Kg. As a yellow solid was obtained as a yellow solid GFT505III 20.9Kg 82Kg recrystallized from ethyl acetate, 5.8 79% yield. LCMS: m / z = 385 (M + H) +; HPLC: 99 · 95%, largest single impurity 0.5 03%.

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US9221751	USE OF 1, 3-DIPHENYLPROP-2-EN-1-ONE DERIVATIVES FOR TREATING LIVER DISORDERS	2014-10-24	2015-02-19
US8058308	SUBSTITUTED 1, 3-DIPHENYLPROP-2-EN-1-ONE DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF	2011-08-04	2011-11-15
US8106097	COMPOSITION BASED ON SUBSTITUTED 1, 3-DIPHENYLPROP-2-EN-1-ONE DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF	2010-05-13	2012-01-31
US7566737	Combinations of substituted 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-EN-1-one derivatives with other therapeutically active ingredients	2007-02-08	2009-07-28
US7943661	Substituted 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives and preparation and uses thereof	2005-08-11	2011-05-17

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US7632870	Composition based on substituted 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives, preparation and uses thereof	2005-08-04	2009-12-15
US9782373	USE OF 1, 3-DIPHENYLPROP-2-EN-1-ONE DERIVATIVES FOR TREATING LIVER DISORDERS	2017-01-24
US2017239213	METHODS OF TREATMENT OF FIBROSIS AND CANCERS	2017-05-04
US9585853	USE OF 1, 3-DIPHENYLPROP-2-EN-1-ONE DERIVATIVES FOR TREATING LIVER DISORDERS	2015-11-05	2016-02-25
US8772342	Use of 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives for treating liver disorders	2010-11-26	2014-07-08

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US9487493	USE OF A PPAR-DELTA AGONIST FOR TREATING MUSCLE ATROPHY	2014-09-05	2015-03-12
US2017027950	USE OF A PPAR-DELTA AGONIST FOR REDUCING LOSS OF MUSCLE STRENGTH, MUSCLE MASS, OR TYPE I MUSCLE FIBERS IN AN IMMOBILIZED LIMB	2016-10-06
US2015352065	METHODS OF TREATMENT OF FIBROSIS AND CANCERS	2014-01-20	2015-12-10
US8461212	Composition based on substituted 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives, preparation and uses thereof	2012-01-09	2013-06-11
US8895619	Use of 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives for treating liver disorders	2014-05-28	2014-11-25

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US7385082	Preparation of 1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives	2006-06-29	2008-06-10

References

Jump up^ Cariou, B.; Zair, Y.; Staels, B.; Bruckert, E. (2011). “Effects of the New Dual PPAR / Agonist GFT505 on Lipid and Glucose Homeostasis in Abdominally Obese Patients with Combined Dyslipidemia or Impaired Glucose Metabolism”. Diabetes Care. 34 (9): 2008–2014. doi:10.2337/dc11-0093. PMC 3161281 . PMID 21816979.
Jump up^ “International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Recommended International Nonproprietary Names: List 74” (PDF). World Health Organization. p. 10. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up^ “Advanced Compound Status” (Press release). Genfit.
Jump up^ “GFT505 Broadens Its Therapeutic Potential” (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved 31 Mar 2013.
Jump up^ Cariou, Bertrand; Staels, Bart (2014-10-01). “GFT505 for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes”. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 23 (10): 1441–1448. doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.954034. ISSN 1744-7658. PMID 25164277.
Jump up^ US Patent No. 7655641 “96 dpi image of original patent USPTO 7655641” (PDF). Retrieved 31 Mar 2013.
Jump up^ “GFT-505” (PDF). Drugs of the Future. 37 (8): 555–559. 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
Jump up^ Staels, Bart; Rubenstrunk, Anne; Noel, Benoit; Rigou, Géraldine; Delataille, Philippe; Millatt, Lesley J.; Baron, Morgane; Lucas, Anthony; Tailleux, Anne (2013-12-01). “Hepatoprotective effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist, GFT505, in rodent models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis”. Hepatology. 58 (6): 1941–1952. doi:10.1002/hep.26461. ISSN 1527-3350.
Jump up^ Cariou, Bertrand; Hanf, Rémy; Lambert-Porcheron, Stéphanie; Zaïr, Yassine; Sauvinet, Valérie; Noël, Benoit; Flet, Laurent; Vidal, Hubert; Staels, Bart (2013-05-28). “Dual Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α/δ Agonist GFT505 Improves Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Abdominally Obese Subjects”. Diabetes Care. 36: DC_122012. doi:10.2337/dc12-2012. ISSN 0149-5992. PMC 3781493 . PMID 23715754.
Jump up^ “Elafibranor, an Agonist of the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-α and -δ, Induces Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Without Fibrosis Worsening – Gastroenterology”. http://www.gastrojournal.org. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up^ clinical trials involving GFT505
Jump up^ Quintero, Pablo; Arrese, Marco (2013-12-01). “Nuclear control of inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: therapeutic potential of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonism”. Hepatology. 58 (6): 1881–1884. doi:10.1002/hep.26582. ISSN 1527-3350. PMID 23787705.
Jump up^ Hanf, Rémy; Millatt, Lesley J.; Cariou, Bertrand; Noel, Benoit; Rigou, Géraldine; Delataille, Philippe; Daix, Valérie; Hum, Dean W.; Staels, Bart (2014-11-01). “The dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist GFT505 exerts anti-diabetic effects in db/db mice without peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-associated adverse cardiac effects”. Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research. 11 (6): 440–447. doi:10.1177/1479164114548027. ISSN 1752-8984. PMID 25212694.

External links

Genfit Pharmaceutical
NashBiotechs Several articles on drug candidates in NASH

Elafibranor
Clinical data

Synonyms	GFT505, SureCN815512
ATC code	None
Legal status
Legal status	Investigational
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	923978-27-2
PubChem CID	9864881
ChemSpider	8040573
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₂H₂₄O₄S
Molar mass	384.489 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

/////////////////Elafibranor, E Elafibranor, 923978-27-2, GFT-505, UNII-2J3H5C81A5, GFT505, GFT 505, элафибранор , إيلافيبرانور , 依非兰诺 , PHASE 3, FAST TRACK

CC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C)C=CC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)SC

FDA approves new HIV treatment Trogarzo (ibalizumab-uiyk) for patients who have limited treatment options

March 7, 2018 1:15 am / 1 Comment on FDA approves new HIV treatment Trogarzo (ibalizumab-uiyk) for patients who have limited treatment options

FDA approves new HIV treatment Trogarzo (ibalizumab-uiyk),for patients who have limited treatment options

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Trogarzo (ibalizumab-uiyk), a new type of antiretroviral medication for adult patients living with HIV who have tried multiple HIV medications in the past (heavily treatment-experienced) and whose HIV infections cannot be successfully treated with other currently available therapies (multidrug resistant HIV, or MDR HIV).Trogarzo is administered intravenously once every 14 days by a trained medical professional and used in combination with other antiretroviral medications. Continue reading.

March 6, 2018

Release

“While most patients living with HIV can be successfully treated using a combination of two or more antiretroviral drugs, a small percentage of patients who have taken many HIV drugs in the past have multidrug resistant HIV, limiting their treatment options and putting them at a high risk of HIV-related complications and progression to death,” said Jeff Murray, M.D., deputy director of the Division of Antiviral Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Trogarzo is the first drug in a new class of antiretroviral medications that can provide significant benefit to patients who have run out of HIV treatment options. New treatment options may be able to improve their outcomes.”

The safety and efficacy of Trogarzo were evaluated in a clinical trial of 40 heavily treatment-experienced patients with MDR HIV-1 who continued to have high levels of virus (HIV-RNA) in their blood despite being on antiretroviral drugs. Many of the participants had previously been treated with 10 or more antiretroviral drugs. The majority of participants experienced a significant decrease in their HIV-RNA levels one week after Trogarzo was added to their failing antiretroviral regimens. After 24 weeks of Trogarzo plus other antiretroviral drugs, 43 percent of the trial’s participants achieved HIV RNA suppression.

The clinical trial focused on the small patient population with limited treatment options and demonstrated the benefit of Trogarzo in achieving reduction of HIV RNA. The seriousness of the disease, the need to individualize other drugs in the treatment regimen, and safety data from other trials were considered in evaluating the Trogarzo development program.

A total of 292 patients with HIV-1 infection have been exposed to Trogarzo IV infusion. The most common adverse reactions to Trogarzo were diarrhea, dizziness, nausea and rash. Severe side effects included rash and changes in the immune system (immune reconstitution syndrome).
The FDA granted this application Fast Track, Priority Review and Breakthrough Therapy designations. Trogarzo also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

The FDA granted approval of Trogarzo to TaiMed Biologics USA Corp.

Theratechnologies Announces FDA Approval of Breakthrough Therapy, Trogarzo™ (ibalizumab-uiyk) Injection, the First HIV-1 Inhibitor and Long-Acting Monoclonal Antibody for Multidrug Resistant HIV-1

NEWS PROVIDED BY

Theratechnologies Inc.

First HIV treatment approved with a new mechanism of action in more than 10 years
Infused every two weeks, only antiretroviral treatment (ART) that does not require daily dosing
Trogarzo™ has no drug-drug interactions and no cross-resistance with other ARTs

MONTREAL, March 6, 2018 /PRNewswire/ – Theratechnologies Inc. (Theratechnologies) (TSX: TH) and its partner TaiMed Biologics, Inc. (TaiMed) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted approval of Trogarzo™ (ibalizumab-uiyk) Injection. In combination with other ARTs, Trogarzo™ is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection failing their current antiretroviral regimen.¹

Logo: Theratechnologies (CNW Group/Theratechnologies Inc.)

Trogarzo™ represents a critical new treatment advance as the first HIV therapy with a new mechanism of action approved in 10 years and proven effectiveness in difficult-to-treat patients with limited options. Unlike all other classes of ARTs, Trogarzo™ is a CD4-directed post-attachment HIV-1 inhibitor that binds to CD4+ receptors on host cells and blocks the HIV virus from infecting the cells.¹

“Today’s approval of Trogarzo™ by the FDA is great news for people infected with difficult-to-treat multidrug resistant HIV. We look forward to bringing this much-needed therapy to patients in the U.S within six weeks,” said Luc Tanguay, President and Chief Executive Officer, Theratechnologies Inc. “We are grateful to the patients, investigators, as well as the FDA who supported the clinical development of Trogarzo™, and are helping address this critical unmet medical need.”

Trogarzo™ previously received Breakthrough Therapy and Orphan Drug designations as well as Priority Review status from the FDA, underscoring the significance of the treatment for this patient population.

“I witnessed some of the earliest cases of HIV and AIDS, at a time when the diagnosis was terrifying to patients because in many cases it was a death sentence,” said David Ho, M.D., chief scientific advisor of TaiMed and scientific director and CEO of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center. “Since then, treatment advances and the discovery that combinations of ARTs was the best way to bring viral load below the level of detection have allowed most people to manage HIV like a chronic condition and live long, healthy lives. However, this is not the reality for people whose HIV is resistant to multiple drugs and whose viral load is not controlled, which is why TaiMed dedicated the past decade to advancing ibalizumab in the clinic. For these patients, it represents the next breakthrough.”

Up to 25,000 Americans with HIV are currently multidrug resistant, of which 12,000 are in urgent need of a new treatment option because their current treatment regimen is failing them and their viral load has risen to detectable levels, jeopardizing their health and making HIV transmittable.^2-13 The best way to prevent the transmission of multidrug resistant HIV is to control the virus in those living with it. According to new guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the HIV virus cannot be transmitted if it is being fully suppressed.¹³

“I’ve struggled with multidrug resistant HIV for almost 30 years and it was completely debilitating to feel like I had run out of options – I made no long-term plans,” said Nelson Vergel, founder of the Program for Wellness Restoration (PoWeR) and Trogarzo™ patient. “Since starting treatment with Trogarzo™ six years ago and getting my viral load to an undetectable level, I have been my happiest, most productive self. Trogarzo™ is a new source of hope and peace of mind for people whose treatments have failed them, and I feel incredibly lucky to have been able to participate in the clinical trial program.”

TaiMed and Theratechnologies partnered on the development of Trogarzo™ so patients who can benefit from the treatment have access to it. For patients who need assistance accessing Trogarzo™ or who face challenges affording medicines, Theratechnologies has a team of patient care coordinators available to help. Patients can get assistance and expert support by contacting THERA patient support™ at 1-833-23-THERA (84372).

“In Phase 3 ibalizumab trials, we saw marked improvements in patients’ health who not only were heavily treatment-experienced and had limited remaining treatment options, but in cases they also had extremely high viral loads and significantly impaired immune systems,” said Edwin DeJesus, M.D., Medical Director for the Orlando Immunology Center. “As an investigator for ibalizumab clinical trials over nearly 10 years, it was remarkable and inspiring to see the dramatic effect ibalizumab had on such vulnerable patients. As a clinician, I am excited that we will now have another option with a different mechanism of action for our heavily pretreated patients who are struggling to keep their viral load below detection because their HIV is resistant to multiple drugs.”

Clinical Trial Findings

Clinical studies show that Trogarzo™, in combination with other ARTs, significantly reduces viral load and increases CD4+ (T-cell) count among patients with multidrug resistant HIV-1.

The Phase 3 trial showed:¹

Trogarzo™ significantly reduced viral load within seven days after the first dose of functional monotherapy and maintained the treatment response when combined with an optimized background regimen that included at least one other active ART for up to 24 weeks of treatment, while being safe and well tolerated.
More than 80% of patients achieved the study’s primary endpoint – at least a 0.5 log₁₀ (or 70%) viral load reduction from baseline seven days after receiving a 2,000 mg loading dose of Trogarzo™ and no adjustment to the failing background regimen.
The average viral load reduction after 24 weeks was 1.6 log₁₀ with 43% of patients achieving undetectable viral loads.

Patients experienced a clinically-significant mean increase in CD4+ T-cells of 44 cells/mm³, and increases varied based on T-cell count at baseline. Rebuilding the immune system by increasing T-cell count is particularly important as people with multidrug resistant HIV-1 often have the most advanced form of HIV.¹

The most common drug-related adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5%) were diarrhea (8%), dizziness (8%), nausea (5%) and rash (5%). No drug-drug interactions were reported with other ARTs or medications, and no cross-resistance with other ARTs were observed.¹

About Trogarzo™ (ibalizumab-uiyk) Injection

Trogarzo™ is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection. Trogarzo™ binds primarily to the second extracellular domain of the CD4+ T receptor, away from major histocompatibility complex II molecule binding sites. It prevents HIV from infecting CD4+ immune cells while preserving normal immunological function.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Trogarzo™ is a prescription HIV medicine that is used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infections in adults.

Trogarzo™ blocks HIV from infecting certain cells of the immune system. This prevents HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.

Before you receive Trogarzo™, tell your healthcare provider if you:

are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Trogarzo™ may harm your unborn baby.
are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Trogarzo™ passes into breast milk.

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including all prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Trogarzo™ can cause serious side effects, including:

Changes in your immune system (Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome) can happen when you start taking HIV-1 medicines. Your immune system might get stronger and begin to fight infections that have been hidden in your body for a long time. Tell your health care provider right away if you start having new symptoms after starting your HIV-1 medicine.

The most common side effects of Trogarzo™ include:

Diarrhea
Dizziness
Nausea
Rash

Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of Trogarzo™. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects to at 1-833-23THERA (1-833-238-4372).

About Theratechnologies

Theratechnologies (TSX: TH) is a specialty pharmaceutical company addressing unmet medical needs to promote healthy living and an improved quality of life among HIV patients. Further information about Theratechnologies is available on the Company’s website at www.theratech.com and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

/////Trogarzo, ibalizumab-uiyk, fda 2018, Fast Track, Priority Review, Breakthrough Therapy designations, Orphan Drug designation

RAPASTINEL, рапастинел , راباستينيل , 雷帕替奈

August 16, 2017 11:13 am / Leave a comment

Image result for RAPASTINEL

ChemSpider 2D Image | Rapastinel | C18H31N5O6

RAPASTINEL

Molecular Formula C₁₈H₃₁N₅O₆
Average mass 413.469 Da

L-threonyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-threoninamide

(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-N-[(2S,3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

117928-94-6 [RN]

L-Threoninamide, L-threonyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-

рапастинел [Russian]

راباستينيل [Arabic]

雷帕替奈 [Chinese]

(S)-N-((2S,3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-((S)-1-((2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

UNII-6A1X56B95E; 117928-94-6; 6A1X56B95E

(S)-N-((2S,3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-((S)-1-((2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

[117928-94-6]

GLYX-13 trifluoroacetate

GLYX-13;GLYX13;GLYX 13;Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH2

L-Threonyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-threoninamide trifluoroacetate

MFCD20527320

Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH2 trifluoroacetate

TPPT-amide trifluoroacetate

UNII:6A1X56B95E

BV-102; GLYX13, GLYX-13, in phase 3 clinical trials

Treatment of major depressive disorder – Phase 3 Allergan

Fast Track designation
Originator Northwestern University

Developer Allergan; Naurex
Class Amides; Antidepressants; Neuropsychotherapeutics; Oligopeptides; Small molecules
Mechanism of Action NR2B N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor agonists

Highest Development Phases

Phase III Major depressive disorder
Discontinued Bipolar depression; Neuropathic pain

Most Recent Events

01 Jan 2017 Allergan initiates enrolment in a phase III trial for Major depressive disorder (Adjunctive treatment) in USA (IV, Injection) (NCT03002077)
21 Dec 2016 Allergan plans a phase III trial for Major depressive disorder (Adjunctive treatment) in USA (IV, Injection) (NCT03002077)
01 Nov 2016 Phase-III clinical trials in Major depressive disorder (Adjunctive treatment, Prevention of relapse) in USA (IV) (NCT02951988)

It is disclosed that GLYX-13 (Rapastinel) acts as NMDA receptor partial agonist, useful for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke-related brain cell death, convulsive disorders, and learning and memory. See WO2015065891 , claiming peptidyl compound. Naurex , a subsidiary of Allergan is developing rapastinel (GLYX-13) (in phase3 clinical trials), a rapid-acting monoclonal antibody-derived tetrapeptide and NMDA receptor glycine site functional partial agonist as well as an amidated form of NT-13, for treating depression.

Rapastinel (INN) (former developmental code names GLYX-13, BV-102) is a novel antidepressant that is under development by Allergan (previously Naurex) as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.^[1]^[2] It is a centrally active, intravenously administered (non-orally active) amidated tetrapeptide (Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH₂) that acts as a selective, weak partial agonist (mixed antagonist/agonist) of an allosteric site of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor complex (E_max ≈ 25%).^[1]^[2]The drug is a rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant as well as robust cognitive enhancer by virtue of its ability to both inhibit and enhance NMDA receptor-mediated signal transduction.^[1]^[2]

On March 3, 2014, the U.S. FDA granted Fast Track designation to the development of rapastinel as an adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.^[3] As of 2015, the drug had completed phase II clinical development for this indication.^[4] On January 29, 2016, Allergan (who acquired Naurex in July 2015) announced that rapastinel had received Breakthrough Therapydesignation from the U.S. FDA for adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder.

Rapastinel belongs to a group of compounds, referred to as glyxins (hence the original developmental code name of rapastinel, GLYX-13),^[5] that were derived via structural modification of B6B21, a monoclonal antibody that similarly binds to and modulates the NMDA receptor.^[2]^[6]^[7] The glyxins were invented by Joseph Moskal, the co-founder of Naurex.^[5] Glyxins and B6B21 do not bind to the glycine site of the NMDA receptor but rather to a different regulatory site on the NMDA receptor complex that serves to allosterically modulate the glycine site.^[8] As such, rapastinel is technically an allosteric modulator of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, and hence is more accurately described as a functional glycine site weak partial agonist.^[8]

In addition to its antidepressant effects, rapastinel has been shown to enhance memory and learning in both young adult and learning-impaired, aging rat models.^[9] It has been shown to increase Schaffer collateral–CA1 long-term potentiation in vitro. In concert with a learning task, rapastinel has also been shown to elevate gene expression of hippocampal NR1, a subunit of the NMDA receptor, in three-month-old rats.^[10] Neuroprotective effects have also been demonstrated in Mongolian Gerbils by delaying the death of CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus pyramidal neurons under glucose and oxygen-deprived conditions.^[11] Additionally, rapastinel has demonstrated antinociceptive activity, which is of particular interest, as both competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists are ataxic at analgesic doses, while rapastinel and other glycine subunit ligands are able to elicit analgesia at non-ataxic doses.^[12]

Apimostinel (NRX-1074), an analogue of rapastinel with the same mechanism of action but dramatically improved potency, is being developed by the same company as a follow-on compound to rapastinel.

CN 104109189,

PAPER

Tetrahedron Letters (2017), 58(16), 1568-1571

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040403917303015

Novel silaproline (Sip)-incorporated close structural mimics of potent antidepressant peptide drug rapastinel (GLYX-13)

Highlights

•: Structural mimics of rapastinel comprising silaproline is reported.
•: Sip introduction is expected to improve its pharmacokinetic profiles.
•: Standard peptide coupling strategy in the solution-phase is utilized for synthesis.

Abstract

Rapastinel (GLYX-13) is a C-amidated tetrapeptide drug under clinical development for adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Rapastinel features two consecutive proline residues centered at the peptide sequence (Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr-NH₂), which are detrimental to its biological activity. In this communication, we report the synthesis of very close structural analogues of rapastinel comprising silaproline (Sip) as proline surrogate. By virtue of its enhanced lipophilicity and metabolic stability, Sip introduction in the native rapastinel sequence is expected to improve its pharmacokinetic profiles.

Graphical abstract

This paper reports the synthesis of silaproline (Sip)-incorporated close structural mimics of potent antidepressant peptide drug rapastinel (GLYX-13).

PATENT

CN 104109189

Depression is the most common neuropsychiatric diseases, seriously affecting people’s health. In China With accelerated pace of life, increasing the incidence of depression was significantly higher social pressure.

[0003] Drug therapy is the primary means of treatment of depression. The main treatment drugs, including tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine, amitriptyline and the like; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, sertraline and the like; serotonin / norepinephrine dual uptake inhibitors such as venlafaxine, duloxetine. However, commonly used drugs slow onset, usually takes several weeks to months, and there is not efficient and toxicity obvious shortcomings.

[0004] GLYX-13 is a new antidepressant, Phase II clinical study is currently underway. It does this by regulating the brain NMDA (N_ methyl -D- aspartate) receptors play a role, and none of them have serious side effects such as ketamine and R-rated, such as hallucinations and schizophrenia and so on.GLYX-13 can play a strong, fast and sustained antidepressant effects, the onset time of less than 24 hours, and the sustainable average of 7 days. As a peptide drug, GLYX-13 was well tolerated and safe to use.

[0005] GLYX-13 is a tetrapeptide having the sequence structure Thr-Pro-Pro-Thr, which is a free N-terminal amino group, C terminal amide structure. GLYX-13 synthesis methods include traditional methods of two solid-phase peptide synthesis and liquid phase peptide synthesis, because of its short sequence, the amount of solid phase synthesis of amino acids, high cost, and difficult to achieve a lot of preparation. A small amount of liquid phase amino acids, high yield can be prepared in large quantities.

The present invention can be further described by the following examples.

Preparation of r-NH2; [0013] Example 1 Four peptide H-Thr-Pr〇-P; r〇-Th

[0014] 1.1 threonine carboxyl amidation (H-Thr-NH2)

[0015] 500ml three flask was added Boc-Thr (tBu) -0H20g (0.073mol), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) 150ml, stirring to dissolve the solid. Ice-salt bath cooled to -10 ° C~_15 ° C, was added N- methylmorpholine 8ml, then l〇ml isobutyl chloroformate, keeping the temperature not higher than -10 ° C, after the addition was complete retention low temperature reaction 10min, then adding ammonia 20ml, ice bath reaction 30min, then at room temperature the reaction 8h. The reaction was stopped, water 300ml, 200ml ethyl acetate was added to extract the precipitate, washed with water 3 times.Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate 6h. Filtered, and then the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to give a white solid 16. 6g, 83% yield.

[0016] The above product was dissolved in 50ml of trifluoroacetic acid or 2N hydrochloric acid / ethyl acetate solution was reacted at room temperature lh, the solvent was distilled off to give a white solid, i.e. amidated carboxyl threonine trifluoroacetic acid / hydrochloric acid salt H- Thr-NH 2. HC1.

[0017] 1.2 Pro – Preparation of threonine dipeptide fragment H-Pr〇-Thr-NH2 of

[0018] 500ml flask was added Boc-Pr〇 three-0H20g (0. 093mol), in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (TH F) 200ml, stirring to dissolve solids, cooled to ice-salt bath -l〇 ° C~-15 ° C, added N- methylmorpholine 11ml, then dropwise isobutyl 13ml, keeping the temperature not higher than -10 ° C, keep it cool after the addition was complete the reaction 10min. H-Thr-NH2. HC114. 5g dissolved in 50ml of tetrahydrofuran, was added N- methyl morpholine 11ml. The above solution was added to the reaction mixture, the low temperature reaction 30min, then at room temperature the reaction 8h. The reaction was stopped, water 300ml, 200ml ethyl acetate was added to extract the precipitate, washed with water 3 times. Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate 6h. Filtered and then evaporated under reduced pressure to give a white solid 25.7g, 82% yield.

[0019] The above product was dissolved in 100ml of 2N trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid / ethyl acetate solution was reacted at room temperature lh, the solvent was distilled off to give a white solid, i.e., proline – threonine dipeptide hydrochloride salt of H-Pr〇 -Thr-NH 2. HC1.

[0020] The above product was dissolved in 100ml of pure water, sodium carbonate solution was added to adjust the PH value, the precipitated white solid was filtered and dried in vacuo to give the desired product proline – threonine dipeptide fragment H-Pr square-Thr- NH223g.

Protected threonine [0021] 1.3 – Preparation of dipeptide fragment Boc-Thr (tBu) -Pr〇-0H of

[0022] Boc-Thr (tBu) -0H20g (0 · 073mol) was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) 150ml, stirring to dissolve the solid.Ice-salt bath cooled to -10 G~-15 ° C, was added N- methylmorpholine 8ml, then dropwise isobutyl 10ml, maintained at a temperature no higher than -10 ° C, kept cold reaction After dropping 10min. Proline methyl ester hydrochloride

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1989), 32(10), 2407-11.

Threonylprolylprolylthreoninamide (HRP-7). The synthesis of HRP-7 was begun with 3 g of p-methylbenzhydrylamine-resin containing 1.41 mmol of attachment sites. The protected tetrapeptidyl-resin (1.63 g) was subjected to HF cleavage. Radioactivity was found in the 1% acetic acid extract (77%) and in the 5% extract (24%). These solutions were combined and lyophilized. Crude peptide (309 mg, 97%) was gel filtered on Sephadex G-15 (1.1 X 100 cm). Peptide eluting between 34 and 46 mL was pooled and lyophilized to yield 294 mg (95%, overall yield 92%) of homogeneous HRP-7.

PATENT

WO 2010033757

PATENT

WO 2017136348

Process for synthesizing dipyrrolidine peptide compounds (eg GLYX-13) is claimed.

An N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a postsynaptic, ionotropic receptor that is responsive to, inter alia, the excitatory amino acids glutamate and glycine and the synthetic compound NMDA. The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) appears to controls the flow of both divalent and monovalent ions into the postsynaptic neural cell through a receptor associated channel and has drawn particular interest since it appears to be involved in a broad spectrum of CNS disorders. The NMDAR has been implicated, for example, in neurodegenerative disorders including stroke-related brain cell death, convulsive disorders, and learning and memory.

NMDAR also plays a central role in modulating normal synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and excitotoxicity in the central nervous system. The NMDAR is further involved in Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), which is the persistent strengthening of neuronal connections that underlie learning and memory The NMDAR has been associated with other disorders ranging from hypoglycemia and cardiac arrest to epilepsy. In addition, there are preliminary reports indicating involvement of NMDA receptors in the chronic neurodegeneration of Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases. Activation of the NMDA receptor has been shown to be responsible for post-stroke convulsions, and, in certain models of epilepsy, activation of the NMDA receptor has been shown to be necessary for the generation of seizures. In addition, certain properties of NMDA receptors suggest that they may be involved in the information-processing in the brain that underlies consciousness itself. Further, NMDA receptors have also been implicated in certain types of spatial learning.

[0003] In view of the association of NMDAR with various disorders and diseases, NMDA-modulating small molecule agonist and antagonist compounds have been developed for therapeutic use. NMDA receptor compounds may exert dual (agonist/antagonist) effect on the NMDA receptor through the allosteric sites. These compounds are typically termed “partial agonists”. In the presence of the principal site ligand, a partial agonist will displace some of the ligand and thus decrease Ca flow through the receptor. In the absence of the principal site ligand or in the presence of a lowered level of the principal site ligand, the partial agonist acts to increase Ca⁺⁺ flow through the receptor channel.

Example 2: Synthesis of GLYX-13

[00119] GLYX-13 was prepared as follows, using intermediates KSM-1 and KSM-2 produced in Example 1. The synthetic route for the same is provided in Figure 2.

Stage A – Preparation of (S)-N-((2S, 3R)-l-amino-3-hydroxy-l-oxobutan-2-yl)-l-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (Compound XI)

[00120] In this stage, KSM -1 was reacted with 10%Pd/C in presence of methanol to produce a compound represented by Formula XI. The reaction was optimized and performed up to 4.0 kg scale in the production plant and observed consistent quality (>80% by HPLC%PA) and yields (80% to 85%).

[00121] The reaction scheme involved in this method is as follows:

[00122] Raw materials used for this method are illustrated in Table 7 as follows:

Table 7.

[00123] In stage A, 10% Palladium on Carbon (w/w, 50% wet) was charged into the pressure reactor at ambient temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. KSM-1 was dissolved in methanol in another container and sucked into above reactor under vacuum. Hydrogen pressure was maintained at 45-60 psi at ambient temperature for over a period of 5-6 hrs. Progress of the reaction mixture was monitored by HPLC for KSM-1 content; limit is not more than 5%.

Hyflow bed was prepared with methanol (Lot-II). The reaction mass was filtered through nutsche filter under nitrogen atmosphere and bed was washed with Methanol Lot-Ill. Filtrate was transferred into the reactor and distilled completely under reduced pressure at below 50 °C (Bath temperature) to get the syrup and syrup material was unloaded into clean and dry container and samples were sent to QC for analysis.

[00124] From the above reaction(s), 1.31 kg of compound represented by Formula XI was obtained with a yield of 89.31% and with a purity of 93.63%).

Stage B – Preparation of Benzyl (2S, 3R)-l-((S)-2-((S)-2-((2S, 3R)-I-amino-3-hydroxy-I- oxobutan-2-ylcarbamoyl) pyrrolidine-! -carbonyl) pyrrolidin-1 -yl)-3-hydroxy-l -oxobutan-2- ylcarbamate (Compound XII)

[00125] In this stage the compound represented by Formula XI obtained above was reacted with KSM-2 to produce a compound represented by Formula XII. This reaction was optimized and scaled up to 3.0 kg scale in the production plant and obtained 25% to 28% yields with UPLC purity (>95%).

[00126] The reaction scheme is as follows:

[00127] Raw materials used for this method are illustrated in Table 8 as follows:

Table 8.

[00128] Stage B: ethanol was charged into the reactor at 20 to 35 °C. Compound represented by Formula XI was charged into the reactor under stirring at 20 to 35 °C and reaction mass was cooled to -5 to 0°C. EDC.HC1 was charged into the reaction mass at -5 to 0 °C and reaction mass, was maintained at -5 to 0 °C for 10-15 minutes. N-Methyl morpholine was added drop wise to the above reaction mass at -5 to 0 °C and reaction mass was maintained at -5 to 0 °C for 10-15 minutes.

[00129] KSM-2 was charged into the reactor under stirring at -5 to 0 °C and reaction mass was maintained at -5 to 0 °C for 3.00 to 4.00 hours. The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 20 to 35 °C and was maintained at 20 to 35 °C for 12 – 15 hours under stirring. (Note:

Monitor the reaction mass by HPLC for Stage A content after 12.0 hours and thereafter every 2.0 hours. The content of stage A should not be more than 2.0%). Ethanol was distilled out completely under vacuum at below 50 °C (Hot water temperature) and reaction mass was cooled to 20 to 35 °C. Water Lot-1 was charged into the residue obtained followed by 10% DCM-Isopropyl alcohol (Mixture of Dichloromethane Lot-1 & Isopropyl alcohol Lot-1 prepared in a cleaned HDPE container) into the reaction mass at 20 – 35 °C.

[00130] Both the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was charged into the reactor. 10%) DCM-Isopropyl alcohol (Mixture of Dichloromethane Lot-2 & Isopropyl alcohol Lot-2 prepared in a cleaned HDPE container) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C. Both the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was charged back into the reactor. 10%> IDCM-isopropyl alcohol (Mixture of Dichloromethane Lot-3 & Isopropyl alcohol Lot-3 prepared in a cleaned HDPE container) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C. Both the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was charged back into the reactor. 10%> DCM-Isopropyl alcohol (Mixture of Dichloromethane Lot-4 & Isopropyl alcohol Lot-4 prepared in a cleaned HDPE container) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C and separated both the layers. The above organic layers were combined and potassium hydrogen sulfate solution (Prepare a solution in a HDPE container by dissolving Potassium hydrogen sulfate Lot-1 in water Lot-2) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C. Separated both the layers and charged back organic layer into the reactor. Potassium hydrogen sulfate solution (Prepared a solution in a HDPE container by dissolving Potassium hydrogen sulfate Lot-2 in water Lot-3) was charged into the reaction mass at 20 to 35 °C. Separated both the layers and the organic layer was dried over Sodium sulfate and distilled out the solvent completely under vacuum at below 45 °C (Hot water temperature).

[00131] The above crude was absorbed with silica gel (100-200mesh) Lot-1 in

dichloromethane. Prepared the column with silica gel (100-200 mesh) Lot-2, and washed the silica gel bed with from Dichloromethane Lot-5 and charged the adsorbed compound into the column. Eluted the column with 0-10% Methanol Lot-1 in Dichloromethane Lot-5 and analyzed fractions by HPLC. Solvent was distilled out completely under vacuum at below 45 °C (Hot water temperature). Methyl tert-butyl ether Lot-1 was charged and stirred for 30 min. The solid was filtered through the Nutsche filter and washed with Methyl tert-butyl ether Lot-2 and

samples were sent to QC for complete analysis. (Note: If product quality was found to be less than 95%, column purification should be repeated).

[00132] From the above reaction(s), 0.575 kg of compound represented by Formula XII was obtained with a yield of 17% and with a purity of 96.28%).

Stage C – Preparation of Benzyl (S)-N-((2S, 3R)-l-amino-3-hydroxy-l-oxobutan-2-yl)-l-((S)-l- ((2R, 3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl) pyrrolidine-2 carbonyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (GLYX-13)

[00133] In this reaction step the compound of Formula XII obtained above was reacted with 10%oPd in presence of methanol to produce GLYX-13. This reaction was optimized and performed up to 2.8 kg scale in the production plant and got 40% to 45% of yields with UPLC purity >98%.

[00134] The reaction scheme involved in this method is as follows:

[00135] Raw materials used for this method are illustrated in Table 9 as follows:

Table 9.

30 Nitrogen cylinder – – – – – 31 Hydrogen cylinder – – – – –

[00136] In an exemplary embodiment of stage C, 10% Palladium Carbon (50% wet) was charged into the pressure reactor at ambient temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. Compound of Formula XII was dissolved in methanol in a separate container and sucked into the reactor under vacuum. Hydrogen pressure was maintained 45-60 psi at ambient temperature over a period of 6-8 hrs. Progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC for stage-B (compound represented by Formula XII) content (limit is not more than 2%). If HPLC does not comply continue the stirring until it complies. Prepared the hyflow bed with methanol (Lot-II) and the reaction mass was filtered through hyflow bed under nitrogen atmosphere, and the filtrate was collected into a clean HDPE container. The bed was washed with Methanol Lot-Ill and the filtrate was transferred into the Rota Flask and distilled out the solvent completely under reduced pressure at below 50°C (Bath temperature) to get the crude product. The material was unloaded into clean HDPE container under Nitrogen atmosphere.

[00137] Neutral Alumina Lot-1 was charged into the above HDPE container till uniform mixture was formed. The neutral Alumina bed was prepared with neutral alumina Lot-2 and dichloromethane Lot-1 in a glass column. The neutral Alumina Lot-3 was charged and

Dichloromethane Lot-2 into the above prepared neutral Alumina bed. The adsorbed compound was charged into the column from op.no.11. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-2 and collect 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-3 and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-4 and Methanol Lot-4 (1%) and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-5 and Methanol Lot-5 (2%) and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-6 and Methanol Lot-6 (3%) and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with

Dichloromethane Lot-7 and Methanol Lot-7 (5%). and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-8 and Methanol Lot-8 (8%). and collected 10 L fractions. The column was eluted with Dichloromethane Lot-9 and Methanol Lot-9 (10%) and collected 10 L fractions. Fractions were analyzed by HPLC (above 97% purity and single max impurity >0.5% fractions are pooled together)

[00138] Ensured the reactor is clean and dry. The pure fractions were transferred into the reactor.

[00139] The solvent was distilled off completely under vacuum at below 45 °C (Hot water temperature). The material was cooled to 20 to 35°C. Charged Dichloromethane Lot- 10 and Methanol Lot- 10 into the material and stirred till dissolution. Activated carbon was charged into the above mixture at 20 to 35°C and temperature was raised to 45 to 50 °C.

[00140] Prepared the Hyflow bed with Hyflow Lot-2 and Methanol Lot-11 Filtered the reaction mass through the Hy-flow bed under nitrogen atmosphere and collect the filtrate into a clean FIDPE container. Prepared solvent mixture with Dichloromethane Lot-11 and Methanol Lot- 12 in a clean FIDPE container and washed Nutsche filter with same solvent. Charged filtrate in to Rota evaporator and distilled out solvent under vacuum at below 50°C. Dry the compound in Rota evaporator for 5 to 6 hours at 50°C, send sample to QC for Methanol content (residual solvent) which should not be more than 3000 ppm. The material was cooled to 20 to 35 °C and the solid material was unloaded into clean and dry glass bottle. Samples were sent to QC for complete analysis.

[00141] From the above reaction(s), 0.92 kg of Glyx-13 was obtained with a yield of 43.5% and with a purity of 99.73%.

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External links

rapastinel
Clinical data


Pregnancy category	US: N (Not classified yet)
ATC code	none
Legal status
Legal status	US: Investigational New Drug
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
CAS Number	117928-94-6
PubChem CID	14539800
ChemSpider	25069944
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₈H₃₁N₅O₆
Molar mass	413.47 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [hide] C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N)N)O

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US9796755	METHODS OF TREATING DEPRESSION AND OTHER RELATED DISEASES	2015-02-06	2016-01-07

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
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/////////////RAPASTINEL, BV-102, GLYX-13, PEPTIDE, phase 3, рапастинел , راباستينيل , 雷帕替奈 , Fast Track designation , allergan, Peptide Drugs,

CC(C(C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N)N)O

Enasidenib, Энасидениб , إيناسيدينيب ,伊那尼布 ,

August 2, 2017 9:49 am / 1 Comment on Enasidenib, Энасидениб , إيناسيدينيب ,伊那尼布 ,

AG-221 (Enasidenib), IHD2 Inhibitor

Enasidenib

Molecular Formula C₁₉H₁₇F₆N₇O
Average mass 473.375

2-Propanol, 2-methyl-1-[[4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-[ACD/Index Name]

2-Methyl-1-[[4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-propanol
2-Methyl-1-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol

AG-221

CC-90007

1446502-11-9[RN]

enasidenib

Enasidenib

énasidénib

enasidenibum

UNII:3T1SS4E7AG

Энасидениб[Russian]

إيناسيدينيب[Arabic]

伊那尼布[Chinese]

2-methyl-1-[(4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-6-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]amino}-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol

2-methyl-1-[[4-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-6-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]propan-2-ol

2-methyl-1-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol

Originator	Agios Pharmaceuticals
Developer	Celgene Corporation
Mechanism Of Action	Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 inhibitor
Who Atc Codes	L01 (Antineoplastic Agents)
Ephmra Codes	L1 (Antineoplastics)
Indication	Cancer

2D chemical structure of 1650550-25-6

Enasidenib mesylate [USAN]
RN: 1650550-25-6
UNII: UF6PC17XAV

Molecular Formula, C19-H17-F6-N7-O.C-H4-O3-S

Molecular Weight, 569.4849

2-Propanol, 2-methyl-1-((4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl)-6-((2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-, methanesulfonate (1:1)

Enasidenib (AG-221) is an experimental drug in development for treatment of cancer. It is a small molecule inhibitor of IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 2). It was developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals and is licensed to Celgene for further development.

Image result for Enasidenib

LC MS

https://file.medchemexpress.com/batch_PDF/HY-18690/Enasidenib_LCMS_18195_MedChemExpress.pdf

NMR FROM INTERNET SOURCES

SEE http://www.medkoo.com/uploads/product/Enasidenib__AG-221_/qc/QC-Enasidenib-TZC60322Web.pdf

Mechanism of action

Isocitrate dehydrogenase is a critical enzyme in the citric acid cycle. Mutated forms of IDH produce high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate and can contribute to the growth of tumors. IDH1 catalyzes this reaction in the cytoplasm, while IDH2 catalyzes this reaction in mitochondria. Enasidenib disrupts this cycle.^[1]^[2]

Development

The drug was discovered in 2009, and an investigational new drug application was filed in 2013. In an SEC filing, Agios announced that they and Celgene were in the process of filing a new drug application with the FDA.^[3] The fast track designation allows this drug to be developed in what in markedly less than the average 14 years it takes for a drug to be developed and approved.^[4]

PATENT

WO 2013102431

Image result

Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Inventors	Giovanni Cianchetta, Byron Delabarre, Janeta Popovici-Muller, Francesco G. Salituro, Jeffrey O. Saunders, Jeremy Travins, Shunqi Yan, Tao Guo, Li Zhang,
Applicant	Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Compound 409 –

2-methyl-l-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyri^

ίαζίη-2- lamino ropan-2-ol

1H NMR (METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.62-8.68 (m, 2 H), 847-8.50 (m, 1 H), 8.18-8.21 (m, 1 H), 7.96-7.98 (m, 1 H), 7.82-7.84 (m, 1 H), 3.56-3.63 (d, J = 28 Hz, 2 H), 1.30 (s, 6 H). LC-MS: m/z 474.3 (M+H)⁺.

WO 2017066611

WO 2017024134

WO 2016177347

PATENT

WO 2016126798

Example 1: Synthesis of compound 3

Example 1, Step 1: preparation of 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

Diethyl ether (4.32 L) and hexanes (5.40 L) are added to the reaction vessel under N₂ atmosphere, and cooled to -75 °C to -65 °C. Dropwise addition of n-Butyl lithium (3.78 L in 1.6 M hexane) under N₂ atmosphere at below -65 °C is followed by dropwise addition of dimethyl amino ethanol (327.45 g, 3.67 mol) and after 10 min. dropwise addition of 2-trifluoromethyl pyridine (360 g, 2.45 mol). The reaction is stirred under N₂ while maintaining the temperature below -65 °C for about 2.0-2.5 hrs. The reaction mixture is poured over crushed dry ice under N₂, then brought to a temperature of 0 to 5 °C while stirring (approx. 1.0 to 1.5 h) followed by the addition of water (1.8 L). The reaction mixture is stirred for 5-10 mins and allowed to warm to 5-10 °C. 6N HC1 (900 mL) is added dropwise until the mixture reached pH 1.0 to 2.0, then the mixture is stirred for 10-20 min. at 5-10 °C. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate at 25-35 °C, then washed with brine solution. The reaction is concentrated and rinsed with n-heptane and then dried to yield 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid.

Example 1, Step 2: preparation of 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester Methanol is added to the reaction vessel under nitrogen atmosphere. 6-trifluoromethyl- pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (150 g, 0.785 mol) is added and dissolved at ambient temperature. Acetyl chloride (67.78 g, 0.863 mol) is added dropwise at a temperature below 45 °C. The reaction mixture is maintained at 65-70 °C for about 2-2.5 h, and then concentrated at 35-45 °C under vacuum and cooled to 25-35 °C. The mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and rinsed with saturated NaHC0₃ solution then rinsed with brine solution. The mixture is concentrated at temp 35-45 °C under vacuum and cooled to 25-35 °C, then rinsed with n-heptane and concentrated at temp 35-45 °C under vacuum, then degassed to obtain brown solid, which is rinsed with n-heptane and stirred for 10-15 minute at 25-35 °C. The suspension is cooled to -40 to -30 °C while stirring, and filtered and dried to provide 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester.

Example 1, Step 3: preparation of 6-(6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-lH-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione

1 L absolute ethanol is charged to the reaction vessel under N₂ atmosphere and Sodium Metal (11.2 g, 0.488 mol) is added in portions under N₂ atmosphere at below 50 °C. The reaction is stirred for 5-10 minutes, then heated to 50-55 °C. Dried Biuret (12.5 g, 0.122 mol) is added to the reaction vessel under N₂ atmosphere at 50-55 °C temperature, and stirred 10-15 minutes. While maintaining 50-55 °C 6-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (50.0 g, 0.244 mol) is added. The reaction mixture is heated to reflux (75-80 °C) and maintained for 1.5-2 hours. Then cooled to 35-40 °C, and concentrated at 45-50 °C under vacuum. Water is added and the mixture is concentrated under vacuum then cooled to 35-40 °C more water is added and the mixture cooled to 0 -5 °C. pH is adjusted to 7-8 by slow addition of 6N HC1, and solid precipitated out and is centrifuged and rinsed with water and centrifuged again. The off white to light brown solid of 6-(6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-lH-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione is dried under vacuum for 8 to 10 hrs at 50 °C to 60 °C under 600mm/Hg pressure to provide 6-(6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-lH-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione.

Example 1, Step 4: preparation of 2, 4-Dichloro-6-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-l, 3, 5-triazine

POCI₃ (175.0 mL) is charged into the reaction vessel at 20- 35 °C, and 6-(6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-lH-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione (35.0 g, 0.1355 mol) is added in portions at below 50 °C. The reaction mixture is de-gassed 5-20 minutes by purging with N₂ gas. Phosphorous pentachloride (112.86 g, 0.542 mol) is added while stirring at below 50 °C and the resulting slurry is heated to reflux (105-110 °C) and maintained for 3-4 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to 50-55 °C, and concentrated at below 55 °C then cooled to 20-30 °C. The reaction mixture is rinsed with ethyl acetate and the ethyl acetate layer is slowly added to cold water (temperature ~5 °C) while stirring and maintaining the temperature below 10 °C. The mixture is stirred 3-5 minutes at a temperature of between 10 to 20 °C and the ethyl acetate layer is collected. The reaction mixture is rinsed with sodium bicarbonate solution and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The material is dried 2-3 h under vacuum at below 45 °C to provide 2, 4-Dichloro-6-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-l, 3, 5-triazine. Example 1, Step 5: preparation of 4-chloro-6-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-(trifluoro-methyl)- pyridin-4-yl)-l,3,5-triazin-2-amine

A mixture of THF (135 mL) and 2, 4-Dichloro-6-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-l, 3, 5-triazine (27.0 g, 0.0915 mol) are added to the reaction vessel at 20 – 35 °C, then 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (16.31 g, 0.1006 mol) and sodium bicarbonate (11.52 g, 0.1372 mol) are added. The resulting slurry is heated to reflux (75-80 °C) for 20-24 h. The reaction is cooled to 30-40 °C and THF evaporated at below 45 °C under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture is cooled to 20-35 °C and rinsed with ethyl acetate and water, and the ethyl acetate layer collected and rinsed with 0.5 N HC1 and brine solution. The organic layer is concentrated under vacuum at below 45 °C then rinsed with dichloromethane and hexanes, filtered and washed with hexanes and dried for 5-6h at 45-50 °C under vacuum to provide 4-chloro-6-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-(trifluoro-methyl)- pyridin-4-yl)-l,3,5-triazin-2-amine.

Example 1, Step 6: preparation of 2-methyl-l-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)- pyridin-4-ylamino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol

THF (290 mL), 4-chloro-6-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-(trifluoro-methyl)-pyridin-4-yl)-l,3,5-triazin-2-amine (29.0 g, 0.06893 mol), sodium bicarbonate (8.68 g, 0.1033 mol), and 1, 1-dimethylaminoethanol (7.37 g, 0.08271 mol) are added to the reaction vessel at 20-35 °C. The resulting slurry is heated to reflux (75-80 °C) for 16-20 h. The reaction is cooled to 30-40 °C and THF evaporated at below 45 °C under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture is cooled to 20-35 °C and rinsed with ethyl acetate and water, and the ethyl acetate layer collected. The organic layer is concentrated under vacuum at below 45 °C then rinsed with dichlorom ethane and hexanes, filtered and washed with hexanes and dried for 8-1 Oh at 45-50 °C under vacuum to provide 2-methyl-l-(4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-(trifluoromethyl)- pyridin-4-ylamino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol.

PATENT

US 20160089374

PATENT

WO 2015017821

References

^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Enasidenib”. AdisInsight. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up^ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Enasidenib
Jump up^ https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1439222/000119312516758835/d172494d10q.htm
Jump up^ http://www.xconomy.com/boston/2016/09/07/celgene-plots-speedy-fda-filing-for-agios-blood-cancer-drug/

1 to 3 of 3

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US2013190287	THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE	2013-01-07	2013-07-25
US2016089374	THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE	2015-09-28	2016-03-31
US2016194305	THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE	2014-08-01	2016-07-07

FDA approves new targeted treatment for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia

08/01/2017

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Idhifa (enasidenib) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have a specific genetic mutation. The drug is approved for use with a companion diagnostic, the RealTime IDH2 Assay, which is used to detect specific mutations in the IDH2 gene in patients with AML.

“Idhifa is a targeted therapy that fills an unmet need for patients with relapsed or refractory AML who have an IDH2 mutation,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the FDA’s Oncology Center of Excellence and acting director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “The use of Idhifa was associated with a complete remission in some patients and a reduction in the need for both red cell and platelet transfusions.”

AML is a rapidly progressing cancer that forms in the bone marrow and results in an increased number of abnormal white blood cells in the bloodstream and bone marrow. The National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health estimates that approximately 21,380 people will be diagnosed with AML this year; approximately 10,590 patients with AML will die of the disease in 2017.

Idhifa is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 inhibitor that works by blocking several enzymes that promote cell growth. If the IDH2 mutation is detected in blood or bone marrow samples using the RealTime IDH2 Assay, the patient may be eligible for treatment with Idhifa.

The efficacy of Idhifa was studied in a single-arm trial of 199 patients with relapsed or refractory AML who had IDH2 mutations as detected by the RealTime IDH2 Assay. The trial measured the percentage of patients with no evidence of disease and full recovery of blood counts after treatment (complete remission or CR), as well as patients with no evidence of disease and partial recovery of blood counts after treatment (complete remission with partial hematologic recovery or CRh). With a minimum of six months of treatment, 19 percent of patients experienced CR for a median 8.2 months, and 4 percent of patients experienced CRh for a median 9.6 months. Of the 157 patients who required transfusions of blood or platelets due to AML at the start of the study, 34 percent no longer required transfusions after treatment with Idhifa.

Common side effects of Idhifa include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased levels of bilirubin (substance found in bile) and decreased appetite. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take Idhifa because it may cause harm to a developing fetus or a newborn baby.

The prescribing information for Idhifa includes a boxed warning that an adverse reaction known as differentiation syndrome can occur and can be fatal if not treated. Sign and symptoms of differentiation syndrome may include fever, difficulty breathing (dyspnea), acute respiratory distress, inflammation in the lungs (radiographic pulmonary infiltrates), fluid around the lungs or heart (pleural or pericardial effusions), rapid weight gain, swelling (peripheral edema) or liver (hepatic), kidney (renal) or multi-organ dysfunction. At first suspicion of symptoms, doctors should treat patients with corticosteroids and monitor patients closely until symptoms go away.

Idhifa was granted Priority Review designation, under which the FDA’s goal is to take action on an application within six months where the agency determines that the drug, if approved, would significantly improve the safety or effectiveness of treating, diagnosing or preventing a serious condition. Idhifa also received Orphan Drugdesignation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

The FDA granted the approval of Idhifa to Celgene Corporation. The FDA granted the approval of the RealTime IDH2 Assay to Abbott Laboratories

1H AND 13C NMR PREDICT

///////// fda 2017, Idhifa, enasidenib, Энасидениб , إيناسيدينيب ,伊那尼布 , AG 221, fast track designation, orphan drug status , acute myeloid leukemia, CC-90007

CC(C)(CNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)NC2=CC(=NC=C2)C(F)(F)F)C3=NC(=CC=C3)C(F)(F)F)O

Enasidenib

Image result for Enasidenib

Idhifa		FDA 8/1/2017	To treat relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia Press Release Drug Trials Snapshot

LINK……https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/08/02/enasidenib-%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8-%E4%BC%8A%E9%82%A3%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%83/

Enasidenib
Identifiers

CAS Number	1446502-11-9
PubChem CID	89683805
ChemSpider	38772329
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₉H₁₇F₆N₇O
Molar mass	473.38 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [hide] CC(C)(CNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)NC2=CC(=NC=C2)C(F)(F)F)C3=NC(=CC=C3)C(F)(F)F)O

FDA approves first drug Ingrezza (valbenazine) to treat tardive dyskinesia

April 12, 2017 12:57 am / 1 Comment on FDA approves first drug Ingrezza (valbenazine) to treat tardive dyskinesia

Valbenazine

Molecular FormulaC₂₄H₃₈N₂O₄
Average mass418.569 Da

(2R,3R,11bR)-3-Isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-yl L-valinate

(2R,3R,11bR)-9,10-dimethoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-benzo[a]quinolizin-2-yl L-valinate

1025504-45-3 cas

L-Valine, (2R,3R,11bR)-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-9,10-dimethoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-benzo[a]quinolizin-2-yl ester

NBI-98854

Valbenazine ditosylate. RN: 1639208-54-0. UNII: 5SML1T733B, Molecular Formula, C24-H38-N2-O4.2C7-H8-O3-S, Molecular Weight, 762.9806

Chemistry Review(s) (PDF)

(2R,3R,11bR)-9,10-Dimethoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-benzo(a)quinolizin-2-yl L-valinate bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate)

and

Valbenazine dihydrochloride
1639208-51-7

FDA approves first drug to treat tardive dyskinesia

04/11/2017

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Ingrezza (valbenazine) capsules to treat adults with tardive dyskinesia. This is the first drug approved by the FDA for this condition.

April 11, 2017

Release

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Ingrezza (valbenazine) capsules to treat adults with tardive dyskinesia. This is the first drug approved by the FDA for this condition.

Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive involuntary movements, usually of the jaw, lips and tongue, such as grimacing, sticking out the tongue and smacking the lips. Some affected people also experience involuntary movement of the extremities or difficulty breathing.

“Tardive dyskinesia can be disabling and can further stigmatize patients with mental illness,” said Mitchell Mathis, M.D., director of the Division of Psychiatry Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Approving the first drug for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia is an important advance for patients suffering with this condition.”

Tardive dyskinesia is a serious side effect sometimes seen in patients who have been treated with antipsychotic medications, especially the older medications, for long periods to treat chronic conditions, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Tardive dyskinesia can also occur in patients taking antipsychotic medications for depression and certain medications for gastrointestinal disorders and other conditions. It is unclear why some people who take these medications develop tardive dyskinesia yet others do not.

The efficacy of Ingrezza was shown in a clinical trial of 234 participants that compared Ingrezza to placebo. After six weeks, participants who received Ingrezza had improvement in the severity of abnormal involuntary movements compared to those who received placebo.

Ingrezza may cause serious side effects including sleepiness and heart rhythm problems (QT prolongation). Its use should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome or with abnormal heartbeats associated with a prolonged QT interval. Those taking Ingrezza should not drive or operate heavy machinery or do other dangerous activities until it is known how the drug affects them.

The FDA granted this application Fast Track, Priority Review and Breakthrough Therapy designations.

The FDA granted approval of Ingrezza to Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.

Valbenazine (INN,^[1]^:114 proposed trade name Ingrezza) is the first drug approved by the FDA^[2] for use in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.^[3]^[4] Clinical trials are underway to evaluate its efficacy in the treatment of Tourette’s syndrome.^[5]^[6] It acts as a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor.^[7]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Valbenazine is known to cause reversible reduction of dopamine release by selectively inhibiting pre-synaptic human vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2). In vitro, valbenazine shows great selectivity for VMAT2 and little to no affinity for VMAT1 or other monoamine receptors.^[8] Although the exact cause of tardive dyskinsia is unknown, it is hypothesized that it may result from neuroleptic-induced dopamine hypersensitivity.^[9] By selectively reducing the ability of VMAT2 to load dopamine into synaptic vesicles,^[10] the drug reduces overall levels of available dopamine in the synaptic cleft, ideally alleviating the symptoms associated with dopamine hypersensitivity. The importance of valbenazine selectivity inhibiting VMAT2 over other monoamine transporters is that VMAT2 is mainly involved with the transport of dopamine, and to a much lesser extent other monoamines such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine. This selectivity is likely to reduce the likelihood of “off-target” adverse effects which may result from the upstream inhibition of these other monoamines.^[11]

Society and culture

Commercial aspects

Valbenazine is produced by Neurocrine Biosciences, a company based in San Diego. In addition to the late-stage clinical trials studying valbenazine, Neurocrine Biosciences (partnered with AbbVie Inc.) also has another product, elagolix (a hormone antagonist), undergoing clinical trials.^[12] Following the initiation of these trials, on 5 May 2016 Neurocrine reported revenues of $15 million for the first quarter of 2016.^[13] The company now focuses on filing the valbenazine new drug application as they prepare for the commercial launch of the drug for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.Neurocrine’s expenses have risen steadily since May 2015, primarily due to the pre-commercialization activities for valbenazine. ^[14]

Intellectual property

While Neurocrine Biosciences does not currently hold a final patent for valbenazine or elagolix, they do hold a patent for the VMAT2 inhibitor [9,10-dimethoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1H,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,11bH-pyrido-[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-yl]methanol and related compounds, which includes valbenazine.^[15]

ChemSpider 2D Image | Valbenazine | C24H38N2O4

References

“International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Recommended International Nonproprietary Names: List 71” (PDF). World Health Organization. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
Newswire, MultiVu – PR. “Neurocrine Announces FDA Approval of INGREZZA TM (valbenazine) Capsules as the First and Only Approved Treatment for Adults with Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)”. Multivu. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
Ben Adams (Aug 30, 2016). “Neurocrine submits valbenazine NDA early, set for 2017 approval”. fiercebiotech.com.
“Safety and Tolerability Study of NBI-98854 for the Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia – Full Text View – ClinicalTrials.gov”. clinicaltrials.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
Jump up^ “Tourette Syndrome Clinical Trials | Neurocrine Biosciences”. http://www.neurocrine.com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
Jump up^ “Safety and Efficacy Study of NBI-98854 in Adults With Tourette Syndrome – Full Text View – ClinicalTrials.gov”. clinicaltrials.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
Jump up^ O’Brien, C. F.; Jimenez, R; Hauser, R. A.; Factor, S. A.; Burke, J; Mandri, D; Castro-Gayol, J. C. (2015). “NBI-98854, a selective monoamine transport inhibitor for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study”. Movement Disorders. 30 (12): 1681–7. doi:10.1002/mds.26330. PMC 5049616. PMID 26346941.
Jump up^ “NBI-98854 – VMAT2 Inhibitor | Tics in Children Treatment | Neurocrine Biosciences”. http://www.neurocrine.com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
Jump up^ “tardive-dyskinesia”. http://www.priory.com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
Jump up^ Purves, Dale, et al. Neuroscience. Sinauer Associates. 087893646
“NBIX: NDA for Valbenazine in Tardive Dyskinesia to be Filed in 2016…”. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
“Endocrine & Movement Disorder R&D | About | Neurocrine Biosciences”. http://www.neurocrine.com. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
“NBIX: NDA for Valbenazine in Tardive Dyskinesia to be Filed in 2016…”. Retrieved 2016-11-20.
“Press Release | Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.”. phoenix.corporate-ir.net. Retrieved 2016-11-20.
“[9,10-dimethoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1h,2h,3h,4h,6h,7h,11bh-pyrido-[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-yl]methanol And Compounds, Compositions And Methods Relating Thereto”. Retrieved 2016-11-20.

1 to 3 of 3

Patent ID	Patent Title	Submitted Date	Granted Date
US8039627	SUBSTITUTED 3-ISOBUTYL-9, 10-DIMETHOXY-1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11B-HEXAHYDRO-2H-PYRIDO[2, 1-A]ISOQUINOLIN-2-OL COMPOUNDS AND METHODS RELATING THERETO	2008-07-10	2011-10-18
US8357697	Substituted 3-isobutyl-9, 10-dimethoxy-1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2, 1-A]isoquinolin-2-ol compounds and methods relating thereto	2011-09-20	2013-01-22
US2016068526	BENZOQUINOLONE INHIBITORS OF VMAT2	2014-01-28	2016-03-10

Valbenazine
Clinical data

ATC code	none
Legal status
Legal status	Investigational
Identifiers
IUPAC name [show]
Synonyms	NBI-98854
CAS Number	1025504-45-3
PubChem CID	24795069
ChemSpider	28536134
UNII	54K37P50KH
KEGG	D10675
ChEMBL	CHEMBL2364639
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₄H₃₈N₂O₄
Molar mass	418.58 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CC(C)C[C@@H]1CN2CCc3cc(c(cc3[C@H]2C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)OC)OC

////////fda 2017, Ingrezza, valbenazine, tardive dyskinesia, Fast Track, Priority Review , Breakthrough Therapy designations, 1025504-45-3, NBI-98854,

FDA approves Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea

March 1, 2017 9:50 am / 2 Comments on FDA approves Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea

Telotristat ethyl

Molecular Formula, C27-H26-Cl-F3-N6-O3,

Molecular Weight, 574.9884,

RN: 1033805-22-9
UNII: 8G388563M

LX 1032

(2S)-2-Amino-3-[4-[2-amino-6-[[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl]propionic acid ethyl ester

Ethyl-4-(2-amino-6-{(1R)-1-[4-chlor-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluorethoxy}-4-pyrimidinyl)-L-phenylalaninat

L-Phenylalanine, 4-[2-amino-6-[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-, ethyl ester

SEE……………

Telotristat etiprate,

(S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate 2-benzamidoacetate .
CAS: 1137608-69-5 (etiprate), LX 1606
Chemical Formula: C36H35ClF3N7O6
Molecular Weight: 754.16

L-Phenylalanine, 4-[2-amino-6-[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-, ethyl ester, compd. with N-benzoylglycine (1:1)

LX 1032 hippurate
LX 1606

Arokiasamy Devasagayaraj, Haihong Jin, Zhi-Cai Shi, Ashok Tunoori, Ying Wang, Chengmin Zhang,
Applicant	Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Arokiasamy Devasagayaraj

Image result for Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

FDA approves Xermelo for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea

02/28/2017

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) tablets in combination with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy for the treatment of adults with carcinoid syndrome diarrhea that SSA therapy alone has inadequately controlled.

February 28, 2017

Carcinoid syndrome is a cluster of symptoms sometimes seen in people with carcinoid tumors. These tumors are rare, and often slow-growing. Most carcinoid tumors are found in the gastrointestinal tract. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in less than 10 percent of patients with carcinoid tumors, usually after the tumor has spread to the liver. The tumors in these patients release excess amounts of the hormone serotonin, resulting in diarrhea. Complications of uncontrolled diarrhea include weight loss, malnutrition, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.

“Today’s approval will provide patients whose carcinoid syndrome diarrhea is not adequately controlled with another treatment option,” said Julie Beitz, M.D., director of the Office of Drug Evaluation III in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Xermelo, in a regimen with SSA therapy, is approved in tablet form to be taken orally three times daily with food. Xermelo inhibits the production of serotonin by carcinoid tumors and reduces the frequency of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea.

The safety and efficacy of Xermelo were established in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 90 adult participants with well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. These patients were having between four to 12 daily bowel movements despite the use of SSA at a stable dose for at least three months. Participants remained on their SSA treatment, and were randomized to add placebo or treatment with Xermelo three times daily. Those receiving Xermelo added on to their SSA treatment experienced a greater reduction in average bowel movement frequency than those on SSA and placebo. Specifically, 33 percent of participants randomized to add Xermelo on to SSA experienced an average reduction of two bowel movements per day compared to 4 percent of patients randomized to add placebo on to SSA.

The most common side effects of Xermelo include nausea, headache, increased levels of the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase, depression, accumulation of fluid causing swelling (peripheral edema), flatulence, decreased appetite and fever. Xermelo may cause constipation, and the risk of developing constipation may be increased in patients whose bowel movement frequency is less than four bowel movements per day. Patients treated with a higher than recommended dosage of Xermelo developed severe constipation in clinical trials. One patient required hospitalization and two other patients developed complications of either intestinal perforation or intestinal obstruction. Patients should be monitored for severe constipation. If a patient experiences severe constipation or severe, persistent or worsening abdominal pain, they should discontinue Xermelo and contact their healthcare provider.

The FDA granted this application fast track designation and priority review. The drug also received orphan drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

Xermelo is manufactured by Woodlands, Texas-based Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

SYNTHESIS…….WO 2011100285

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2011100285&recNum=142&docAn=US2011024141&queryString=((serotonin)%2520OR%2520(HT2C)%2520OR%2520(&

5.67. Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yll- phenyll-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyll-propionic acid ethyl ester

The title compound was prepared stepwise, as described below:

Step 1: Synthesis of l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone. To a 500 ml 2 necked RB flask containing anhydrous methanol (300 ml) was added thionyl chloride (29.2 ml, 400 mmol) dropwise at 0-5°C (ice water bath) over 10 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and 2-bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid (25 g, 106 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to mild reflux for 12h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM, 250 ml), washed with water (50 ml), sat. aq. NaHC03 (50 ml), brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the 2- bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (26 g, 99 %), which was directly used in the following step.

2-Bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (12.4 g, 50 mmol) in toluene (200 ml) was cooled to -70°C, and trifluoromethyl trimethyl silane (13 ml, 70 mmol) was added.

Tetrabutylamonium fluoride (1M, 2.5 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 4h, after which it was stirred for 10 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the crude [l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-l-methoxy-ethoxy]-trimethyl-silane. The crude intermediate was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and 6N HCI (100 ml) was added. The mixture was kept at 45-50°C for 12h. Methanol was removed, and the crude was extracted with dichloromethane (200 ml). The combined DCM layer was washed with water (50 ml), NaHC03 (50 ml), brine (50 ml), and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography, using 1-2% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent, to afford l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (10 g, 70%). ^!H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC ): δ (ppm) 7.50 (d,lH), 7.65(d,lH), 7.80(s,lH).

Step 2: Synthesis of R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol. To catechol borane (1M in THF 280 ml, 280 mmol) in a 2L 3-necked RB flask was added S-2-methyl-CBS oxazaborolidine (7.76 g, 28 mmol) under nitrogen, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78°C (dry ice/acetone bath), and 1-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (40 g, 139 mmol) in THF (400 ml) was added dropwise over 2 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -36°C, and was stirred at that temperature for 24 hours, and further stirred at -32 °C for another 24h. 3N NaOH (250 ml) was added, and the cooling bath was replaced by ice-water bath. Then 30 % hydrogen peroxide in water (250 ml) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and re-dissolved in ether (200 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (2 x 200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with IN aq. NaOH (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave crude product which was purified by column chromatography using 2 to 5% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to give desired alcohol 36.2 g (90 %, e.e. >95%). The alcohol (36.2 g) was crystallized from hexane (80 ml) to obtain R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol 28.2 g (70 %; 99-100 % e.e.). ^!H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCIs) δ (ppm) 5.48 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, 2H).

Step 3: Synthesis of R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll-2.2.2-trifluoro-ethanol. R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (15.65 g, 54.06 mmol), 3-methylpyrazole (5.33 g, 65 mmol), Cul (2.06 g, 10.8 mmol), 2CO3 (15.7 g, 113.5 mmol), (lR,2R)-N,N’-dimethyl-cyclohexane-l,2-diamine (1.54 g, 10.8 mmol) and toluene (80 ml) were combined in a 250 ml pressure tube and heated to 130°C (oil bath temperature) for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with H2O (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5-10 % ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to get R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (13.5 g; 86 %). ⁱ-H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC ): δ (ppm) 2.30(s, 3H), 4.90(m, 1H), 6.20(s, 1H), 6.84(d, 1H), 7.20(s, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.50(d, 1H).

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3- 4-(2-amino-6-fR-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll^^^-trifluoro-ethoxyl-pyrimidin^-yll-phenvD-propionic acid ethyl ester. R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (17.78 g, 61.17 mmol), (S)-3-[4-(2-amino-6-chloro-pyrimidine-4-yl)-phenyl]-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (20.03 g, 51 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (250 ml), and CS2CO3 (79.5 g, 244 mmol) were combined in a 3-necked 500 ml RB flask and heated to 100°C (oil bath temperature) for 12-24 hours. The progress of reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to 60°C, and water (250 ml) and THF (400 ml) were added. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (150 ml). The solvent was removed to give crude BOC protected product, which was taken in THF (400 ml), 3N HCI (200 ml). The mixture was heated at 35-40 °C for 12 hours. THF was removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous layer was extracted with isopropyl acetate (2x 100 ml) and concentrated separately to recover the unreacted alcohol (3.5 g). Traces of remaining organic solvent were removed from the aqueous fraction under vacuum.

To a 1L beaker equipped with a temperature controller and pH meter, was added H3PO4 (40 ml, 85 % in water) and water (300 ml) then 50 % NaOH in water to adjust pH to 6.15. The temperature was raised to 58 °C and the above acidic aqueous solution was added dropwise into the buffer with simultaneous addition of 50 % NaOH solution in water so that the pH was maintained between 6.1 to 6.3. Upon completion of addition, precipitated solid was filtered and washed with hot water (50-60°C) (2 x 200 ml) and dried to give crude (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-[R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl}^ propionic acid (26.8 g; 95 %). LCMS and HPLC analysis indicated the compound purity was about 96-97 %.

To anhydrous ethanol (400 ml) was added SOC (22 ml, 306 mmol) dropwise at 0-5°C.

Crude acid (26.8 ) from the above reaction was added. The ice water bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated at 40-45°C for 6-12 hours. After the reaction was completed, ethanol was removed in vacuo. To the residue was added ice water (300 ml), and extracted with isopropyl acetate (2 x 100 ml). The aqueous solution was neutralized with saturated Na2C03 to adjust the pH to 6.5. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 300 ml). The combined ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and concentrated to give 24 g of crude ester (HPLC purity of 96-97 %). The crude ester was then purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5 % ethanol in DCM as solvent to give (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester (20.5g; 70 %; HPLC purity of 98 %). LCMS M+l = 575. ^!H-NMR (400 MHz, CDsOD): δ (ppm) 1.10 (t, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, IH), 4.00 (q, 2H), 6.35 (s, IH), 6.60 (s, IH), 6.90 (m, IH), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.85 (m, 3H).

SYNTHESIS OF INTERMEDIATE

WO 2009048864

https://google.com/patents/WO2009048864A1?cl=en

6.15. Preparation of 6SV3-(4-(2-Amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)-2- (fert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic Acid Using the Lithium Salt of (S)-2-(te^-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanoic Acid

During preparation of compound 7, the isolation of the free acid can be optionally omitted. Thus, an aqueous solution of the lithium salt of compound 7 in 100 ml water, prepared from 5.0 g of Boc-Tyr-OMe (4, 17 mmol), was mixed 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (3.3 g, 1.2 eq), potassium bicarbonate (5.0 g, 3 eq), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (60 mg, 0.5 mol%), and 100 ml ethanol. The resulting mixture was heated at 70⁰C for 5 hours. Additional 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (1.1 g, 0.4 eq) was added and heating was continued at 7O⁰C for an additional 2 hours. HPLC analysis showed about 94% conversion. Upon cooling and filtration, the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC against a standard solution of compound 8. The assay indicated 3.9 g compound 8 was contained in the solution (59% yield from compound 4).

6.16. Alternative Procedure for Preparation of (S)-3-(4-f2-Amino-6- chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)-2-(fe^-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic Acid Using Potassium Carbonate as Base

The boronic acid compound 11 (Ryscor Science, Inc., North Carolina, 1.0 g, 4.8 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.32 g, 2 eq) were mixed in aqueous ethanol (15 ml ethanol and 8 ml water). Di-ter£-butyldicarbonate (1.25 g, 1.2 eq) was added in one portion. After 30 minutes agitation at room temperature, HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of the starting compound 11. The 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (1.18 g, 1.5 eq) and the catalyst bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (34 mg, 1 mol%) were added and the resulting mixture was heated at 65-70⁰C for 3 hours. HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of compound 12. After concentration and filtration, HPLC analysis of the resulting aqueous solution against a standard solution of compound 8 showed 1.26 g compound 8 (67% yield).

6.17. Alternative procedure for preparation of (5)-3-(4-(2-Amino-6-

The boronic acid compound 11 (10 g, 48 mmol) and potassium bicarbonate (14.4 g, 3 eq) were mixed in aqueous ethanol (250 ml ethanol and 50 ml water). Oi-tert- butyldicarbonate (12.5 g, 1.2 eq) was added in one portion. HPLC analysis indicated that the reaction was not complete after overnight stirring at room temperature. Potassium carbonate (6.6 g, 1.0 eq) and additional di-te/t-butyldicarbonate (3.1 g, 0.3 eq) were added. After 2.5 hours agitation at room temperature, HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of the starting compound 11. The 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (11.8 g, 1.5 eq) and the catalyst bis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II) dichloride (0.34 g, 1 mol%” were added and the resulting mixture was heated at 75-8O⁰C for 2 hours. HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of compound 12. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and filtered. The filtrate was washed with ethyl acetate (200 ml) and diluted with 3 : 1 THF/MTBE (120 ml). This mixture was acidified to pH about 2.4 by 6 N hydrochloric acid. The organic layer was washed with brine and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was precipitated in isopropanol, filtered, and dried at 50⁰C under vacuum to give compound 8 as an off-white solid (9.0 g, 48% yield). Purity: 92.9% by HPLC analysis. Concentration of the mother liquor yielded and additional 2.2 g off-white powder (12% yield). Purity: 93.6% by HPLC analysis

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2013059146A1?cl=en

This invention is directed to solid pharmaceutical dosage forms in which an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-l-(4-chloro-2-(3- methyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate

(telotristat):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound, its salts and crystalline forms can be obtained by methods known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. patent no. 7,709,493.

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2008073933A2?cl=en

6.19. Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3-r4-q-amino-6-{R-l-r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl- Pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyll- propionic acid ethyl ester

The title compound was prepared stepwise, as described below: Step 1 : Synthesis of l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone. To a 500 ml 2 necked RB flask containing anhydrous methanol (300 ml) was added thionyl chloride (29.2 ml, 400 mmol) dropwise at 0-5⁰C (ice water bath) over 10 min. The ice water bath was removed, and 2-bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid (25 g, 106 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to mild reflux for 12h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM, 250 ml), washed with water (50 ml), sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (50 ml), brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the 2- bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (26 g, 99 %), which was directly used in the following step.

2-Bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (12.4 g, 50 mmol) in toluene (200 ml) was cooled to -70⁰C, and trifluoromethyl trimethyl silane (13 ml, 70 mmol) was added. Tetrabutylamonium fluoride (IM, 2.5 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 4h, after which it was stirred for 1Oh at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the crude [l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2- trifluoro-l-methoxy-ethoxy]-trimethyl-silane. The crude intermediate was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and 6N HCl (100 ml) was added. The mixture was kept at 45-50⁰C for 12h. Methanol was removed, and the crude was extracted with dichloromethane (200 ml). The combined DCM layer was washed with water (50 ml), NaHCO₃ (50 ml), brine (50 ml), and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography, using 1-2% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent, to afford 1- (2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (10 g, 70%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm) 7.50 (d,lH), 7.65(d,lH), 7.80(s,lH).

Step 2: Synthesis of R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol. To catechol borane (IM in THF 280 ml, 280 mmol) in a 2L 3-necked RB flask was added S-2- methyl-CBS oxazaborolidine (7.76 g, 28 mmol) under nitrogen, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78°C (dry ice/acetone bath), and l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (40 g, 139 mmol) in THF (400 ml) was added dropwise over 2h. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -36°C, and was stirred at that temperature for 24 h, and further stirred at -32°C for another 24h. 3N NaOH (250 ml) was added, and the cooling bath was replaced by ice-water bath. Then 30 % hydrogen peroxide in water (250 ml) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and re-dissolved in ether (200 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (2 x 200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with IN aq. NaOH (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave crude product which was purified by column chromatography using 2 to 5% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to give desired alcohol 36.2 g (90 %, e.e. >95%). The alcohol (36.2 g) was crystallized from hexane (80 ml) to obtain R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro- phenyl)-2,2,2-trifiuoro-ethanol 28.2 g (70 %; 99-100 % e.e.). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 5.48 (m, IH), 7.40 (d, IH), 7.61 (d, 2H). Step 3: Synthesis of R-l-r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-vπ-phenyl1-2.2.2-trifluoro- ethanol. R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (15.65g, 54.06 mmol), 3- methylpyrazole (5.33 g, 65 mmol), CuI (2.06 g, 10.8 mmol), K₂CO₃ (15.7 g, 113.5 mmol), (lR,2R)-N,N’-dimethyl-cyclohexane-l,2-diamine (1.54 g, 10.8 mmol) and toluene (80 ml) were combined in a 250 ml pressure tube and heated to 130⁰C (oil bath temperature) for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with H₂O (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5-10 % ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to get R-I- [4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (13.5 g; 86 %). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm) 2.30(s, 3H), 4.90(m, IH), 6.20(s, IH), 6.84(d, IH), 7.20(s, IH), 7.30(d, IH), 7.50(d, IH).

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3- r4-(2-amino-6- (R-I- r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl- pyrazol- 1 -ylVphenyl^~|-2,2.,2-trifluoro-ethoxy| -pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyU -propionic acid ethyl ester. R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (17.78 g, 61.17 mmol), (S)-3-[4-(2-amino-6-chloro-pyrimidine-4-yl)-phenyl]-2-tert- butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (20.03 g, 51 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (250 ml), and Cs₂CO₃ (79.5 g, 244 mmol) were combined in a 3-necked 500 ml RB flask and heated to 100⁰C (oil bath temperature) for 12-24 h. The progress of reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to 60⁰C, and water (250 ml) and THF (400 ml) were added. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (150 ml). The solvent was removed to give crude BOC protected product, which was taken in THF (400 ml), 3N HCl (200 ml). The mixture was heated at 35-40⁰C for 12h. THF was removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous layer was extracted with isopropyl acetate (2x 100 ml) and concentrated separately to recover the unreacted alcohol (3.5 g). Traces of remaining organic solvent were removed from the aqueous fraction under vacuum.

To a IL beaker equipped with a temperature controller and pH meter, was added H₃PO₄ (40 ml, 85 % in water) and water (300 ml) then 50 % NaOH in water to adjust pH to 6.15. The temperature was raised to 58°C and the above acidic aqueous solution was added dropwise into the buffer with simultaneous addition of 50 % NaOH solution in water so that the pH was maintained between 6.1 to 6.3. Upon completion of addition, precipitated solid was filtered and washed with hot water (50-60⁰C) (2 x 200 ml) and dried to give crude (S)-2- amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro- ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl} -propionic acid (26.8 g; 95 %). LCMS and HPLC analysis indicated the compound purity was about 96-97 %. To anhydrous ethanol (400 ml) was added SOCl₂ (22 ml, 306 mmol) dropwise at 0-

5°C. Crude acid (26.8 g ) from the above reaction was added. The ice water bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated at 40-45⁰C for 6-12h. After the reaction was completed, ethanol was removed in vacuo. To the residue was added ice water (300 ml), and extracted with isopropyl acetate (2 x 100 ml). The aqueous solution was neutralized with saturated Na₂CO₃ to adjust the pH to 6.5. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 300 ml). The combined ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and concentrated to give 24 g of crude ester (HPLC purity of 96-97 %). The crude ester was then purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5 % ethanol in DCM as solvent to give (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2- amino-6- (R- 1 -[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol- 1 -yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy} – pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester (20.5g; 70 %; HPLC purity of 98 %). LCMS M+l = 575. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ (ppm) 1.10 (t, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, IH), 4.00 (q, 2H), 6.35 (s, IH), 6.60 (s, IH), 6.90 (m, IH), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.85 (m, 3H).

PATENT

WO 2011056916

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011056916A1?cl=en

PATENT

WO 2010065333

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2010065333A1?cl=en

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Description of Telotristat Etiprate

Telotristat etiprate is the hippurate salt of telotristat ethyl.

Telotristat ethyl, also known as LX1032, has the chemical name, CAS identifier, and chemical structure shown below:

Chemical name: (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate

CAS Registry number: 1033805-22-9

Chemical structure:

Telotristat etiprate, also known as LX1606, is the hippurate salt of telotristat ethyl, and has the chemical name, CAS identifier, and chemical structure shown below:

Chemical Name: (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate 2-benzamidoacetate

CAS Registry number: 1137608-69-5

Chemical Structure:

Description of LX1033

Telotristat, also known as LX1033, has the chemical name, CAS identifier and chemical structure shown below:

Chemical Name: (S)-2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid

CAS Registry number: 1033805-28-5

Chemical Structure:

REFERENCES

Kulke, M.H.; Hoersch, D.; Caplin, M.E.; et al.
Telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome
J Clin Oncol 2017, 35(1): 14

WO2010056992A1 *	Nov 13, 2009	May 20, 2010	The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York	Methods of preventing and treating low bone mass diseases
US7709493	May 20, 2009	May 4, 2010	Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	4-phenyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethoxy)pyrimidine-based compounds and methods of their use
US20090088447 *	Sep 25, 2008	Apr 2, 2009	Bednarz Mark S	Solid forms of (s)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((r)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate and methods of their use

Citing Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
US9199994	Sep 5, 2014	Dec 1, 2015	Karos Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Spirocyclic compounds as tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors
US9512122	Sep 1, 2015	Dec 6, 2016	Karos Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Spirocyclic compounds as tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors

///////////telotristat ethyl, fast track designation,priority review,orphan drug designation, Xermelo , Woodlands, Texas-based, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, fda 2017, LX 1606, LX 1032

O=C(OCC)[C@@H](N)Cc1ccc(cc1)c2cc(nc(N)n2)O[C@H](c3ccc(Cl)cc3n4ccc(C)n4)C(F)(F)F

O=C(OCC)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(C2=NC(N)=NC(O[C@H](C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3N4N=C(C)C=C4)C(F)(F)F)=C2)C=C1.O=C(O)CNC(C5=CC=CC=C5)=O

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Reference: Dong, Ming-xin; Li, Hai-tao; Wang, Xiao-hua; Mao, Wen-xiang; Zhou, Shang-min; Dai, Qiu-yun. Preparation and structural determination of tecovirimat monohydrate crystal. Zhongguo Xinyao Zazhi. Volume 21. Issue 23. Pages 2736-2739. (2012).

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Example 1

Preparation of 4-trifluoromethyl-N-(3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl)-benzamide

a. Preparation of Compounds 1(a) and 1(b).

b. Preparation of N-[(3aR,4R,4aR,5aS,6S,6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide. desired

c. Preparation of N-[(3aR,4S,4aS,5aR,6R,6aS)-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,6-ethenocycloprop[f]isoindol-2(1H)-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide. UNWANTED

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Ethyl ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethenyl)- 1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)carbamate

Carbamic acid, ((1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-((1E)-2-(5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2- pyridinyl)ethenyl)dodecahydro-1-methyl-3-oxonaphtho(2,3-c)furan-6-yl)-, ethyl ester

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WOCKHARDT, WO 2016016766, ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULPHATE, NEW PATENT

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