WORLD RECORD VIEWS holder on THIS BLOG, ………live, by DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Worldpeaceambassador, Worlddrugtracker, Helping millions, 100 million hits on google, pushing boundaries,2.5 lakh plus connections worldwide, 45 lakh plus VIEWS on this blog in 227 countries, 7 CONTINENTS ……A 90 % paralysed man in action for you, I am suffering from transverse mylitis and bound to a wheel chair, [THIS BLOG HOLDS WORLD RECORD VIEWS ]
Home » EU PIPELINE (Page 4)
DRUG APPROVALS BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
.....FOR BLOG HOME CLICK HERE
Subscribe in a reader
Enter your email address:
Delivered by FeedBurner
Subscribe to New Drug Approvals by Email
 | shivkr2 on SPSR Excellence Award 2025 – S… |
 | Bonkasaurus on Infigratinib phosphate |
 | PALOVAROTENE | ORGAN… on Palovarotene |
| Pfizer just purchase… on Temanogrel | |
| Pfizer To Cash In On… on Temanogrel |
European Approval for Glaxos Tafinlar
Zacks.com
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK – Analyst Report) recently announced that its melanoma drug, Tafinlar, has been cleared by the European Commission (EC). Tafinlar is indicated as a monotherapy for treating adults suffering from unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation
The approval came on the basis of encouraging data from several multi-center global trials including the phase III BREAK-3 study. We remind investors that … Currently approved melanoma drugs include Zelboraf and Yervoy. Glaxo carries a Zacks Rank #3 …http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/108341/european-approval-for-glaxos-tafinlar
We’ve all dreamt of popping a pill to help us safely lose weight, or at least eat that chocolate cake without guilt. But alas, even though the Food and Drug Administration has approved two new diet drugs in recent months, that dream probably isn’t any closer to reality.
In the current issue of the BMJ (formerly the British Medical Journal), Sidney Wolfe, founder of the advocacy group Public Citizen, slams the FDA for approving the drugs – lorcaserin (US brand name Belviq) and topiramate (called Qsymia). The FDA’s European counterpart rejected both of them because of heart risks that turned up during preliminary trials.
read all this at
http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2013/08/diet-pill-dilemma-why-is-fda-approving-drugs-when-europe-isnt
Teriflunomide,
CAMBRIDGE, Mass.–Aug. 30, 2013–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Genzyme, a Sanofi company (EURONEXT: SAN and NYSE: SNY), announced today that the European Commission has granted marketing authorization for Aubagio® (teriflunomide) 14 mg, a once-daily, oral therapy indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
read all at
http://www.pharmalive.com/ec-approves-genzyme-s-aubagio-for-ms
Teriflunomide (trade name Aubagio, marketed by Sanofi, also known as A77 1726) is the active metabolite of leflunomide.[1]Teriflunomide was investigated in the Phase III clinical trial TEMSO as a medication for multiple sclerosis (MS). The study was completed in July 2010.[2] 2-year results were positive.[3] However, the subsequent TENERE head-to-head superiority trial reported that “although permanent discontinuations [of therapy] were substantially less common among MS patients who received teriflunomide compared with interferon beta-1a, relapses were more common with teriflunomide.”[4] The drug was approved by the FDA on September 13, 2012.[5]
Teriflunomide is an immunomodulatory drug inhibiting pyrimidine de novo synthesis by blocking the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. It is uncertain whether this explains its effect on MS lesions.[6]
Teriflunomide inhibits rapidly dividing cells, including activated T cells, which are thought to drive the disease process in MS. Teriflunomide may decrease the risk of infections compared to chemotherapy-like drugs because of its more-limited effects on the immune system.[7]
It has been found that teriflunomide blocks the transcription factor NF-κB. It also inhibits tyrosine kinase enzymes, but only in high doses not clinically used.[8]
→
↔
The structure which results from ring opening can interconvert between the E and Z enolic forms (and the corresponding keto-amide), with the Z enol being the most stable and therefore most predominant form.
Space filling model of the E isomer of teriflunomide
|source= ignored (help)
SYNTHESIS
………………………
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2014177978A3?cl=en
Formula i
Teriflunomide is an immunosuppressant, acting as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is also evaluated in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease and multiple sclerosis. An oral film coated tablet containing teriflunomide as the active ingredient is marked in the United States by Sanofi Aventis US using brand AUBAGIO™. AUBAGIO is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
U.S. Patent No. 5,679,709 appears to claim teriflunomide and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, the same patent also further covers pharmaceutical composition and method of administering top a patients suffering from autoimmune disease.
U.S. Patent No. 5,494,91 I disclosesthe process for the preparation of teriflunomide by reacting 5-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl chloride with trifluoromethyl aniline in the presence of acetonitrile to yield Leflunomide with on further hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in methanol gives teriflunomide of formula I.
U.S. Patent No. 5,990,141 discloses the process for the preparation of teriflunomide by reacting 4-trifluoromethyl aniline with cyano acetic acid ethyl ester to yield cyanoaceto-(4-trifluromethyl)-aniline, with on further reacted with acetyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydride base and THF and acetonitrile solvent to give teriflunomide of formula I.
U.S. patent No. 6,365,626 discloses the process for the preparation of teriflunomide by reacting 4-trifluromethylaniline with cyanoacetic acid to give cyanoacet-(4- trifluoromethyl)anilide which on further reacted with acetyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydride to give teriflunomide of formula I.
U.S. Patent No. 6,894,184 discloses the process for the preparation of teriflunomide involves reacting 4-trifluromethylaniline with cyanoacetic acid to give cyanoacet-(4- trifluoromethyl)anilide which on further reacted with acetic anhydride in the presence of base to give teriflunomide of formula I.
International PCT application No. WO 2009/147624 discloses the process for the preparation of teriflunomide involves condensation of ethyl-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoate and 4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline in presence of xylene solvent at reflux temperatures for 16 hours to give teriflunomide of formula I.
preparation of teriflunomide (I) comprises steps of;
1 ) condensation of cyanoacetic acid of formula (II) with 4-trifluoromethyl aniline of formula (III) in the presence of chlorinating agent to give 2-cyano-N-[4-(trifluromethyl)phenyl]acetamide of formula (IV);
(II I) (IV)
2) acetylation of 2-cyano-N-[4-(trifluromethyl)phenyl] acetamide of
formula (IV) with an acetylating agent in the presence of base and suitable solvents to yield teriflunomide of formula (I).
EXAMPLE 1 : Preparation of 2-cvano-N-f4-(trifluoromethyl> phenyl! acetamide (IV)
A round bottom flask is charged with cyanoacetic acid (100 g) and phosphorous pentachloride and tetrahydrofuran (300 ml) and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. 4-trifluoromethyl aniline (161 g) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) is slowly added to the reaction mixture and stirred for completion of reaction. The resultant reaction mass is cooled and separated solid is filtered and washed with slurry of Isoproapnol and cyclohexane and dried under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Weight: 196 gm.
Purity by HPLC: 98%
EXAMPLE 2: preparation of 2-cyano-3-hvdroxy-N-f4-( trifluoromethyl) phenyl] but-2-enamide (Teriflunomide crude)
A round bottom flask is charged with 2-cyano-N-[4-{trifluromethyl} phenyl] acetamide (100g), sodium hydroxide (70 gm) and dimethyl formamide is added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes. Isopropenyl acetate (60 ml) is added slowly and the resultant mixture is stirred for about 4-5 hours at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the resulting reaction mixture is diluted with water and acidified with Cone. HCI solution and stirred for solid separation. The separated solid is filtered and washed with water and dried under reduced pressure to afford Teriflunomide.
The obtained teriflunomide is charged in round bottom flask and aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide solution (29.6 g in 300 ml water) is added slowly at 25-35°C and stirred for 1 to 2 hours. The mixture is brought to 5 to 10°C and dichloromethane is added, the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes. The organic and the aqueous layer are separated, and the resultant aqueous layer is acidified with aq. Hcl and stirred. The separated solid is filtered and washed with water and dried under vacuum at 65-70°C for 10-12 hours to afford teriflunomide.
Weight: 101 gm
Purity by HPLC: 95%
EXAMPLE 3; Purification of Teriflunomide:
Teriflunomide (5 g) is charged into a flask followed by addition of acetonitrile (125 ml) and heated to reflux and stirred for 2 hours. The resultant reaction solution is filtered through highflow bed to obtain a clear solution and cooled to room temperature and stirred for solid separation. The separated solid is filtered, washed with Isopropanol (50 ml) and dried under vacuum to afford pure teriflunomide.
Weight: 3.8 gm
Purity by HPLC: 99.7%
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
EP 0527736; JP 1993506425; JP 1999322700; JP 1999343285; US 5494911; US 5532259; WO 9117748
5-Methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid (I) was converted to the corresponding acid chloride (II) upon refluxing with SOCl2. Coupling of acid chloride (II) with 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (III) produced anilide (IV). Finally, isoxazole ring opening in the presence of NaOH gave rise to the title cyano amide.
|source= ignored (help)Teriflunomide, a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor, is the active metabolite of leflunomide a synthetic, low-molecular-weight drug currently used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanisms by which teriflunomide exerts its antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and immunosuppressive effects are not yet completely understood, although inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis (via suppression of DHODH) and interference with tyrosine kinase activity both appear to be involved. Based on its efficacy shown in animal models of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, teriflunomide was tested in a phase II study in patients with multiple sclerosis with relapses. Recruitment is ongoing for a phase III study to determine the efficacy of teriflunomide in reducing the frequency of relapses and accumulation of disability in multiple sclerosis patients.
The chemical name of Teriflunomide is 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-butenamide and formula is C12H9F3N2O2 and molecular weight is 270.207.
Teriflunomide is used as Immunosupressant. It acts as tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease and multiple sclerosis.
Teriflunomide was first disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,679,709 but this patent does not mention any process of preparation for salt formation.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,911, U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,141 disclose various processes for preparing Teriflunomide. These patents do not disclose process for preparation Teriflunomide salts or mention any its polymorphic form.
EP 2280938 A2
HISTORY OF SYNTHESIS
The chemical name of Teriflunomide is
2-cyano-3-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-butenamide and formula is Ci2H9 F3N2O2 and molecular weight is 270.207.
Teriflunomide is used as Immunosupressant. It acts as tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease and multiple sclerosis.
Teriflunomide was first disclosed and claimed in US patent no. 5,679,709 but this application does not mention the process of preparation.
US patent no. 5,494,911 discloses a process for preparation of Teriflunomide as shown in given below
4-trifluoromethylaniline (IV) in acetonitrile to give leflunomide (VI). The subsequent hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in methanol gives Teriflunomide (I). US patent 5,990,141 discloses a process for preparation of Teriflunomide as shown in given below
Teriflunomide (I)
The process involves reacting 4-trifluorometyl aniline (IV) with cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester (II) to give cyanoacet-(4-trifluoromethyl)-anilide (VII). This compound is further reacted first with sodium hydride in acetonitrile and then with acetylchloride in THF to give Teriflunomide (I).
US patent no. 6,365,626 discloses a process for preparation of Teriflunomide which is as given in below
Teriflunomide
ONE MORE
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/cc/c2cc36352f GET ABOVE DETAILS HERE
Teriflunomide is used as Immunosupressant. It acts as tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease and multiple sclerosis.
Teriflunomide was first disclosed and claimed in US patent no. 5,679,709 but this application does not mention the process of preparation.
[H] US patent no. 5,494,911 discloses a process for preparation of Teriflunomide in Example-4 as shown in given below scheme-I
(V) (IV) (VI) (D
Scheme-I
The proces; 5 involves re acting 5-metlr
4-trifluoromethylaniline (IV) in acetonitrile to give leflunomide (VI). The subsequent hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in methanol gives Teriflunomide (I). US patent 5,990,141 discloses a process for preparation of Teriflunomide as shown in given below scheme-II.
Teriflunomide (I)
Scheme-II The process involves reacting 4-trifluorometyl aniline (IV) with cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester (II) to give cyanoacet-(4-trifluoromethyl)-anilide (VII). This compound is further reacted first with sodium hydride in acetonitrile and then with acetylchloride in THF to give Teriflunomide (I).
US patent no. 6,365,626 discloses a process for preparation of Teriflunomide in Fig. 19 which is as given in below scheme-Ill.
Teriflunomide
(I)
Scheme-Ill The process involves reacting 4-trifluoromethyl aniline (IV) with cyanoacetic acid (Ha) to give compound of formula (VII). This compound is further reacted first with sodium hydride and then with acetylchloride to give Teriflunomide (I)
………………………….
Example-1 Preparation of Ethyl-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoate (III) [77] Potassium carbonate (73.3 g) was added to the well stirred solution of Ethylcy- anoacetate (50 g) in Dimethylformamide (250 ml) and stirred for 15 minute at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (90.25 g) was added drop wise to the above well stirred solution during 2 to 3 hours at ambient temperature. Reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 to 20 hours. Reaction mixture was diluted with water (500 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 xlOO ml). Combined organic layer was washed with saturated sodium carbonate solution (3x100ml). Aqueous carbonate layer was separated and acidified with 50% HCl solution and extracted with dichloromethane (3x100ml). Combined organic layer was washed with brine solution (100 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to yield Ethyl 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoate (58 g).
Yield: 84.6%Example-2 ] Preparation of Teriflunomide (I) [82] Ethyl 2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoate (III) (50 g) and 4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline (51.9 g) in xylene (1000 ml) was refluxed for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool at room temperature. Separated solid was filtered and washed with xylene (2×100 ml). Solid was dried under vacuum at 700C to yield (62 g) of Teri- flunomide.
Yield: 71.0%
Purity: 99.4%
! HNMR (DMSO, 300MHz) :δ 2.24(s, 3H); 5.36(bs, IH); 7.65(d, J=8.7Hz, 2H);
7.76(d, J=8.6Hz, 2H); 10.89(s, IH) ppm.
13 CNMR (DMSO, 75MHz) :δ 23.5, 82.1, 118.3, 122.2, 126.5, 126.9, 142.1, 167.4,
187.8 ppm.
MS(FD) : m/e 269(M”, 100). [88] IR : 3305, 2220, 1633, 1596, 1554, 1418, 1405, 1325, 1247, 1114, 1157, 1073, 971,
842, 684 cm-1.
…………………
see
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2004/OB/b312682j#!divAbstract
………………………………
http://www.google.com/patents/CN103848756A?cl=en
Currently, for the preparation of teriflunomide mainly in the following three categories:
The first synthetic methods: mainly 5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid starting materials or by Synthesis of 5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid intermediate, then reacted with 4- trifluoromethyl base – aniline was synthesized teriflunomide, specific synthetic route is as follows:
[0007]
The general reaction step above normal class methods, not easy to intermediate purification, total yield is low, and the synthesis process using a large number of chloride corrosion of equipment can easily produce large amounts of acid mist and acidic water, thus polluting the environment .
The second class of methods: 2-cyano-acetic acid derivatives and 4-trifluoromethyl aniline. Such methods will be first prepared as a 2-cyano acetic acid chloride, and then 4-trifluoromethyl-aniline to give the corresponding amide, and then acetyl chloride for
With, the condensation reaction between the molecules to give the desired product, the synthesis route is as follows:
This class methods used in the reaction process large amounts of chloride reagent for large equipment and environmental damage.
The third method: This method is quite similar to the second type of method, mainly in the 2-cyano-acetic acid derivatives and 4-trifluoromethyl-aniline; The method of the second type is different, In the last step with 1-methyl-2-chloro-propylene oxide as raw materials to build α, β-unsaturated nitrile of the enol structure, i.e., to give the desired product, the synthesis route is as follows:
Teriflunomide Preparation Example 18 [0185] Implementation
Example 17 was obtained as a pale yellow solid of 61.2g crude compound was used directly in the synthesis of teriflunomide. In a 2L round bottom flask was added compound 27.2g (0.32mol) having the structure shown in formula IV, dry dioxane (620mL), sodium hydride 4g (0.16mol, in g / mL count, mass volume ratio 60% saving in kerosene), calcium hydride
6.7g (0.16mol), 15 ° C was stirred for I h, then slowly added dropwise in Example 17 was obtained as a pale yellow solid compound 61.2g (0.32mol) embodiment of dioxane 200mL, approximately I hour addition was complete, After the addition was complete the reaction was heated to reflux, the reaction at 80 ° C for 24 hours, the reaction process using a nitrogen blanket. After completion of the reaction was added 500mL of ice water to quench the reaction, with 2mol / L of HCl (aq.) And the reaction solution was adjusted to neutral pH, and extracted with EtOAc three times each in an amount of 500mL, and the combined organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl solution 800mL, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, the mixed solution was twice recrystallized from methanol i_PrOH, the volume ratio of 1-PrOH and methanol is 2: 1, by volume of each recrystallized with a mixed solution of methanol with i_PrOH for 600mL, the crystallization temperature of 10 ° C, to give 58.8g of white solid compound in a yield of 66%, the total yield of 54% ο
using mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and NMR spectra of the resulting white solid carbon compound structures were identified. MS data [M-H +] = 269.1, H NMR data = 1H-NMR (DMSO-Cie) δ the white solid compound: 10.88 (s, 1Η), 10.07 (br, s, 1H), 7.79 ( d, 2H), 7.66 (d, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), carbon NMR spectral data for: 13C-NMR (DMS0-d6) δ: 23.5,80.2,119.1,119.9,120.3,122.4,122.0, 123.5,125.3,126.2,141.8,166.2,186.0. Structural analysis by a white solid compound obtained in the present embodiment example for teriflunomide. Cases detected by HPLC obtained teriflunomide the embodiment of purity, calculated based on the peak area normalization method available, the present embodiment obtained teriflunomide a purity of 99.9%.
………………………
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2015029063A2?cl=en
Scheme-A
Scheme-A
Pure Teriflunomide ………………………………………….Crude Teriflunomide
xamples
Example- 1: Preparation of N-(4′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (Formula-2)
Methylene chloride (125 ml) and dimethyl formamide (2.87 gms) were added to 5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid (25 gms) at 25-30°C. Heated the reaction mixture to 35-40°C and thionyl chloride (47.59 gms) was slowly added and stirred for 4 hours at the same temperature. After completion of the reaction, distilled off the solvent completely from the reaction mixture. To the obtained compound, dichloromethane was added at 25-30°C. Distilled off the solvent completely from the reaction mixture. Acetonitrile (50 ml) was added to the obtained compound at 25-30°C and slowly added to a mixture of acetonitrile (300 ml) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (64.45 gms) at 25-30°C and stirred the reaction mixture for 5 hours at the same temperature. Filtered the reaction mixture and distilled off the solvent completely from the filtrate. Methanol (225 ml), followed by activated carbon (2.5 gms) were added to the obtained compound at 25-30°C and stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature. Filtered the reaction mixture through hyflow bed and washed with methanol. Water (250 ml) was slowly added to the obtained filtrate at 25-30°C and stirred the reaction mixture for 2 hours. Filtered the precipitated solid, washed with water and dried to get the title compound. Yield: 39.8 gms; Melting point: 165-168°C. Purity by HPLC: 99.63%.
Example-2: Preparation of N-(4′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazoIe-4-carboxamide (FormuIa-2)
Methylene chloride (15 Its) and dimethyl formamide (40 ml) were added to 5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid (3 kgs) at 25-30°C. Thionyl chloride (5.70 kgs) was slowly added to the reaction mixture at 25-30°C. Heated the reaction mixture to 40-45°C and stirred for 4 hours at the same temperature. After completion of the reaction, distilled off the solvent completely from the reaction mixture. Cooled the reaction mixture to 25-30°C and dichloromethane was added at the same temperature. Distilled off the solvent completely from the reaction mixture. Cooled the reaction mixture to 25-30°C and dissolved the obtained compound in acetonitrile (6.0 Its) at the same temperature. Slowly added to a mixture of acetonitrile (36 Its) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (7.70 kgs) at 25-30°C and stirred the reaction mixture for 5 hours at the same temperature. After completion of the reaction, filtered the reaction mixture and distilled off the solvent completely from the filtrate. Methanol (27 Its), followed by activated carbon (30 gms) was added to obtained compound at 25-30°C and stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature. Filtered the reaction mixture through hyflow bed and washed with methanol. Water (30 Its) was slowly added to the obtained filtrate at 25-30°C and stirred the reaction mixture for 2 hours. Filtered the precipitated solid, washed with water. To the obtained wet compound, toluene (9 Its) was added at 25-30°C. Heated the reaction mixture to 55-60°C and stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature. Cooled the reaction mixture to 25-30°C and stirred for 3 hours at the same temperature. Filtered the solid, washed with toluene and dried to get the title compound. Yield: 4.7 kg.
Example-3: Preparation of (Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoic acid-(4-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-amide (Formula-l)
Methanol (150 ml) was added to N-(4′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (50 gms) at 25-30°C. Cooled the reaction mixture to 0-5°C and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was slowly added to the reaction mixture at the same temperature. Stirred the reaction mixture for 2 hours at 0-5°C. Water was added to the reaction mixture. Adjust the pH of the reaction mixture to 7.5 by using dilute hydrochloric acid at 25-30°C. Filtered the precipitated solid, washed with water and dried to get the title compound. Yield: 46.0 gms;
Example-4: Preparation of crystalline form-M of (Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoic acid-(4-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-amide (Formula-1)
Dimethylformamide (300 ml) was added to (Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoic acid-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-amide (50 gms) at 25-30°C. Heated the reaction mixture to 55-60°C and stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature. Filtered the reaction mixture and washed with dimethyl formamide. To the obtained filtrate, methanol (350 ml) was added at 25-30°C. Cooled the reaction mixture to 10-15°C and stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature. Filtered the precipitated solid, washed with chilled methanol and dried to get the title compound. Yield: 41 gms;
Melting point: 228-231°C; Water content: 0.06% w/w; Phenyl isoxazole impurity: 0.004%; Purity by HPLC: 99.97%.
Particle size distribution before micronisation: D10: 6.71 μιτι; D50: 34.4 μπι; D90: 109.8 μηι; Particle size distribution after micronisation: DIO: 1.35 μητ, D50: 4.52 μητ, D90: 10.26 μιη.
The P-XRD of the obtained compound is shown in figure- 1.
The DSC thermogram of the obtained compound is shown in figure-2.
Reference Example- 1: Preparation of (Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoicacid-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-amide according to US5494911 (Formula-1)
Methanol (74 ml) was added to N-(4′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (20 gms) at 25-30°C. Cooled the reaction mixture to 0-5°C and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution {prepared by dissolving sodium hydroxide (3.26 gms) in water (74 ml)} was slowly added to the reaction mixture at the same temperature. Stirred the reaction mixture for 1 hour at 0-5°C. After completion of the reaction, 20% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution was added to the reaction mixture at 25-30°C and stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature. Filtered the precipitated solid, washed with water and dried to get the title compound. Yield: 8.7 gms.
The P-XRD pattern of the obtained compound is shown in figure-3.
The DSC thermogram of the obtained compound is shown in figure-4.
………………….
…………….
SPECTROSCOPY DATA
nmr……….http://www.medkoo.com/Product-Data/Teriflunomide/QCData-Teriflunomide-BBC20130720-web.pdf
http://file.selleckchem.com/downloads/nmr/S416901-Teriflunomide-HNMR-Selleck.pdf
17= US2011/0105795A1
1H NMR AND 13C NMR
above 13C NMR
! HNMR (DMSO, 300MHz) :δ 2.24(s, 3H); 5.36(bs, IH); 7.65(d, J=8.7Hz, 2H);
REF EP 2280938 A2
Example-1 Preparation of Ethyl-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoate (III) [77] Potassium carbonate (73.3 g) was added to the well stirred solution of Ethylcy- anoacetate (50 g) in Dimethylformamide (250 ml) and stirred for 15 minute at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (90.25 g) was added drop wise to the above well stirred solution during 2 to 3 hours at ambient temperature. Reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 to 20 hours. Reaction mixture was diluted with water (500 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 xlOO ml). Combined organic layer was washed with saturated sodium carbonate solution (3x100ml). Aqueous carbonate layer was separated and acidified with 50% HCl solution and extracted with dichloromethane (3x100ml). Combined organic layer was washed with brine solution (100 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to yield Ethyl 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoate (58 g).
Yield: 84.6% Example-2 Preparation of Teriflunomide (I) [82] Ethyl 2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoate (III) (50 g) and 4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline (51.9 g) in xylene (1000 ml) was refluxed for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool at room temperature. Separated solid was filtered and washed with xylene (2×100 ml). Solid was dried under vacuum at 700C to yield (62 g) of Teri- flunomide.
Yield: 71.0%
Purity: 99.4%
! HNMR (DMSO, 300MHz) :δ 2.24(s, 3H); 5.36(bs, IH); 7.65(d, J=8.7Hz, 2H);
7.76(d, J=8.6Hz, 2H); 10.89(s, IH) ppm.
13 CNMR (DMSO, 75MHz) :δ 23.5, 82.1, 118.3,
122.2, 126.5,
126.9, 142.1, 167.4,
187.8 ppm.
MS(FD) : m/e 269(M”, 100).
IR : 3305, 2220, 1633, 1596, 1554, 1418, 1405, 1325, 1247, 1114, 1157, 1073, 971,
842, 684 cm-1.
1H NMR PREDICT
COSY
HPLC
HPLC method of analysis:
N-(4′-trifluoromethylphenyI)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide of formula-2:
Apparatus: A liquid chromatographic system equipped with variable wavelength UV- detector; Column: Cosmicsil APT CI 8, 100 x 4.6 mm, 3 μιη (or) equivalent; Flow rate: 1.5 ml/min; Wavelength: 210 nm; Column Temperature: 25°C; Injection volume: 20 μί; Run time: 40 min; Diluent: Mobile phase; Needle wash: Tetrahydrofuran; Elution: Isocratic; Mobile phase: 5 ml of triethyl amine into a 650 ml of water. Adjusted the pH to 3.4 with dil. Orthophosphoric acid and filter this solution through 0.22 μπι nylon membrane filter paper and sonicate to degas it. (Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoicacid-(4-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-amide compound of formula- 1:
Apparatus: A liquid chromatographic system equipped with variable wavelength UV- detector; Column: Kromasil 100 C18, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μηι (or) equivalent; Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Wavelength: 250 nm; Column Temperature: 35°C; Injection volume: 5 μί; Run time: 37 min; Diluent: 0.01 M dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate in 1000 ml of water; Elution: Gradient; Mobile phase-A: Buffer (100%); Mobile phase-B: Acetonitrile : Buffer (70:30 v/v); Buffer: 1 ml of ortho phosphoric acid into a 1000 ml of water and 3.0 grams of 1 -octane sulfonic acid sodium salt anhydrous. Adjust pH to 6.0 with potassium hydroxide solution and filtered through 0.22μηι Nylon membrane filter paper and sonicate to degas it……..http://www.google.com/patents/WO2015029063A2?cl=en
| WO2009147624A2 * | 3 Jun 2009 | 10 Dec 2009 | Alembic Limited | A process for preparing teriflunomide |
| WO2011004282A2 * | 22 Jun 2010 | 13 Jan 2011 | Alembic Limited | Novel polymorphic form of teriflunomide salts |
| US5494911 | 24 Oct 1990 | 27 Feb 1996 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Isoxazole-4-carboxamides and hydroxyalkylidenecyanoacetamides, pharmaceuticals containing these compounds and their use |
| US5679709 | 7 Jun 1995 | 21 Oct 1997 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxycrotonamide or salts, used for reduction of b-cell produced self-antibodies |
| US5990141 | 6 Jan 1995 | 23 Nov 1999 | Sugen Inc. | Administering 5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid-n-(4-trifluoromethyl)anilide or 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-n-(4-trifluoro-methyl)phenyl-2-butenamide; antitumor,-carcinogenic and proliferative agents; kinase inhibitors |
WHIPPANY, N.J. and SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., Aug. 30, 2013 /PRNewswire/ — Bayer HealthCare and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: ONXX) announced today that the European Commission has approved Stivarga® (regorafenib) tablets for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
In September 2012, Stivarga was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with mCRC who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF therapy, and, if KRAS wild type, an anti-EGFR therapy.
READ ALL AT http://www.pharmalive.com/ec-approves-bayer-s-stivarga
OLD ARTICLE PASTED
Regorafenib
cas 755037-03-7
4-[4-({[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)-3-fluorophenoxy]-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide hydrate
February 25, 2013 — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today expanded the approved use of Stivarga (regorafenib) to treat patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that cannot be surgically removed and no longer respond to other FDA-approved treatments for this disease.
GIST is a tumor in which cancerous cells form in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, part of the body’s digestive system. According to the National Cancer Institute, an estimated 3,300 to 6,000 new cases of GIST occur yearly in the United States, most often in older adults.
Stivarga, a multi-kinase inhibitor, blocks several enzymes that promote cancer growth. With this new approval, Stivarga is intended to be used in patients whose GIST cancer cannot be removed by surgery or has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic) and is no longer responding to Gleevec (imatinib) and Sutent (sunitinib), two other FDA-approved drugs to treat GIST.
“Stivarga is the third drug approved by the FDA to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “It provides an important new treatment option for patients with GIST in which other approved drugs are no longer effective.”
Stivarga was approved in September 2012 to treat colorectal cancer. It is marketed by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, based in Wayne, N.J. Gleevec is marketed by East Hanover, N.J.-based Novartis, and Sutent is marketed by New York City-based Pfizer.
Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506, commercial name Stivarga) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor developed by Bayer which targets angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Regorafenib shows anti-angiogenic activity due to its dual targetedVEGFR2-TIE2 tyrosine kinase inhibition. It is currently being studied as a potential treatment option in multiple tumor types.[1]
Regorafenib demonstrated to increase the overall survival of patients with metastaticcolorectal cancer[2] and has been approved by the US FDA on September 27, 2012.[3]Stivarga is being approved with a Boxed Warning alerting patients and health care professionals that severe and fatal liver toxicity occurred in patients treated with Stivarga during clinical studies. The most common side effects reported in patients treated with Stivarga include weakness or fatigue, loss of appetite, hand-foot syndrome (also called palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia), diarrhea, mouth sores (mucositis), weight loss, infection, high blood pressure, and changes in voice volume or quality (dysphonia).[4]
Regorafenib from the structure consists of three simple aromatic ring structure, which fragments can be connected from urea by the corresponding two aniline with phosgene or triphosgene prepared by oxygen fragments can be connected SNAr from the corresponding phenol by reaction of. Carboxylic acid 1 by esterification of Thionyl Chloride 2 , methyl amine solution to 2 the ester group is converted to an amide to obtain 3 , 3 , and 4 in alkaline conditions by SNAr reaction of 5 , 5 , and then the isocyanate 6 ( from the corresponding aniline with phosgene or triphosgene was obtained) to obtain the Regorafenib.
Bortezomib
Johnson & Johnson’s multiple myeloma treatment Velcade has been cleared as a first-line therapy in the EU, boosting the number of patients eligible for treatment with the drug.
The European Commission gave the go-ahead for Velcade (bortezomib) as induction therapy in combination with dexamethasone and thalidomide in previously-untreated multiple myeloma patients who are eligible for high-dose chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant.
http://www.pharmatimes.com/Article/13-08-09/J_J_gets_green_light_for_front-line_Velcade_in_EU.aspx
Bortezomib bound to the core particle in a yeast proteasome. The bortezomib molecule is in the center colored by atom type (boron = pink, carbon = cyan, nitrogen = blue, oxygen = red), surrounded by the local protein surface. The blue patch is catalyticthreonine residue whose activity is blocked by the presence of bortezomib.
Bortezomib (INN, originally codenamed PS-341; marketed as Velcade by Millennium Pharmaceuticals and Bortecad by Cadila Healthcare) is the first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor to be tested in humans. It is approved in the U.S. for treating relapsedmultiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In multiple myeloma, complete clinical responses have been obtained in patients with otherwise refractory or rapidly advancing disease.
Bortezomib was originally synthesized in 1995 (MG-341) at a company called Myogenics, which soon changed its name to ProScript. After promising preclinical results, the drug (PS-341) was tested in a small Phase I clinical trial on patients with multiple myeloma cancer. ProScript ran out of money and was bought by Leukosite in May 1999. Leukosite in turn was bought byMillennium Pharmaceuticals in October 1999. At this point in time, the project had low priority amongst other projects at the company. This changed significantly when one of the first volunteers to receive the drug in the clinical trial achieved a complete response and were still alive four years later. At the time this was a remarkable result. Later clinical experimentation indicates the possibility of a complete response in 15% of patients in a similar condition, when treated with bortezomib.
In May 2003, seven years after the initial synthesis, bortezomib (Velcade) was approved in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in multiple myeloma, based on the results from the SUMMIT Phase II trial.
Another commercially available bortezomib product – Bortenat (Natco Pharma, India), reportedly contains substantially more active entity than declared, potentially and even more resulting in increase toxicity. Moreover, Bortenat has some other chemical and formulation deviations from the registered ethic product Velcade (Millennium Pharmaceuticals and Janssen-Cilag), with unclear clinical impact
video
………
…….
…………..
The application in the EU is to allow administration of the vaccine in a two dosing schedule (0, 6 months) in 9-14 year old girls.
Intended to serve as an alternative dosing schedule, the two-dose schedule will help prevent premalignant genital (cervical, vulvar and vaginal) lesions and cervical cancer causally related to certain oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types. It does not seek to replace the three-dose schedule.
read all at
Cervarix is a vaccine against certain types of cancer-causing human papillomavirus (HPV).
Cervarix is designed to prevent infection from HPV types 16 and 18, that cause about 70% of cervical cancer cases. These types also cause most HPV-induced genital and head and neck cancers. Additionally, some cross-reactive protection against virus strains 45 and 31 were shown in clinical trials. Cervarix also contains AS04, a proprietary adjuvant that has been found to boost the immune system response for a longer period of time.
Cervarix is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. An alternative product, from Merck & Co., is known as Gardasil.
…..
POMALIDOMIDE
4-amino-2-(2,6-dixopiperidin-3- yl)isoindoline-l,3-dione; 3-(4-amino-l,3-dioxo-l,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine- 2,6-dione; 3-(4-amino-l ,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione; 1 ,3-dioxo-2-(2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-4-aminoisoindoline; 3-(l,3-dioxo-4-aminoisoindolin-2-yl)- piperidine-2,6-dione;
BOUDRY, Switzerland–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Aug. 9, 2013–Celgene International Sàrl, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Celgene Corporation (NASDAQ: CELG) today announced that the European Commission (EC) has granted approval for Pomalidomide Celgene®▼(pomalidomide),
in combination with dexamethasone, for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (rrMM) in adult patients who have received at least two prior therapies including both lenalidomide and bortezomib and have demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy.1 Celgene intends to launch Pomalidomide Celgene in the EU under the trade name “IMNOVID®”, following submission of a regulatory notification to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to change the trade name.
READ ALL AT
http://www.pharmalive.com/ec-approves-celgene-blood-cancer-drug
CAS 19171-19-8
Pomalidomide, an analogue of thalidomide, is an immunomodulatory antineoplastic agent. FDA approved on February 8, 2013.
Pomalidomide is indicated for patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including lenalidomide and bortezomib and have demonstrated disease progression on or within 60 days of completion of the last therapy.
Pomalidomide (INN, originally CC-4047 or 3-amino-thalidomide, trade name Pomalyst[1] in the US) is a derivative of thalidomidemarketed by Celgene. It is anti-angiogenic and also acts as an immunomodulator. Pomalidomide was approved in February 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.[2] It received a similar approval from the European Commission in August 2013, and is expected to be marketed in Europe under the brand nameImnovid.[3]
The parent compound of pomalidomide, thalidomide, was originally discovered to inhibit angiogenesis in 1994.[4] Based upon this discovery, thalidomide was taken into clinical trials for cancer, leading to its ultimate FDA approval for multiple myeloma.[5] Further structure activity studies done in Dr. Robert D’Amato’s lab at Boston Children’s Hospital led to the first claim in 1995 that amino-thalidomide had antitumor activity.[6] Interestingly, the pronounced anti-tumor activity is due to its ability to directly inhibit both the tumor cell and vascular compartments of myeloma cancers.[7] This dual activity of pomalidomide makes it more efficacious than thalidomide in vitro and in vivo.[8]
Phase I trial results showed tolerable side effects.[9]
Phase II clinical trials for multiple myeloma and myelofibrosis reported ‘promising results’.[10][11]
Phase III results were reported at ASH in 2012 and showed significant extension of progression-free survival (median 3.6 months vs. 1.8 months; P < 0.001), and overall survival in patients taking pomalidomide and dexamethasone v. dexamethasone alone.[12]
Pomalidomide directly inhibits angiogenesis and myeloma cell growth. This dual effect is central to its activity in myeloma, rather than other pathways such as TNF alpha inhibition, since potent TNF alpha inhibitors including rolipram and pentoxifylline do not inhibit myeloma cell growth nor angiogenesis.[7] Up regulation of Interferon gamma, IL-2 and IL-10 as well as down regulation of IL-6 have been reported for pomalidomide. These changes may contribute to pomalidomide’s anti-angiogenic and anti-myeloma activities.
Because Pomalyst can cause harm to unborn babies when administered during pregnancy, women taking Pomalyst must not become pregnant. Women must produce two negative pregnancy tests and use contraception methods before beginning Pomalyst. Women must commit either to abstain continuously from heterosexual sexual intercourse or to use two methods of reliable birth control, beginning 4 weeks prior to initiating treatment with Pomalyst, during therapy, during dose interruptions and continuing for 4 weeks following discontinuation of Pomalyst therapy. Pomalyst is present in the semen of patients receiving the drug. Therefore, males must always use a latex or synthetic condom during any sexual contact with females of reproductive potential while taking POMALYST and for up to 28 days after discontinuing Pomalyst, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy. Male patients taking Pomalyst must not donate sperm.
Pomalidomide simple structure, synthesis is relatively easy. The glutamine ( 1 ), the compound 2 protected amino, thionyl chloride to ring palladium on carbon hydrogenation later deprotected to give compound 3 , 3 , and 4 direct condensation Pomalidomide.
PATENTS
| US PATENT No | Patent ExpirY | patent use code |
|---|---|---|
| 5635517 | Jul 24, 2016 | U-1359 |
| 6045501 | Aug 28, 2018 | U-1361 |
| 6315720 | Oct 23, 2020 | U-1361 |
| 6316471 | Aug 10, 2016 | U-1360 |
| 6476052 | Jul 24, 2016 | U-1360 |
| 6561976 | Aug 28, 2018 | U-1361 |
| 6561977 | Oct 23, 2020 | U-1361 |
| 6755784 | Oct 23, 2020 | U-1361 |
| 6908432 | Aug 28, 2018 | U-1361 |
| 8158653 | Aug 10, 2016 | |
| 8198262 | Oct 19, 2024 | U-1360 |
| 8204763 | Aug 28, 2018 | U-1361 |
| 8315886 | Oct 23, 2020 | U-1361 |
| Exclusivity Code | Exclusivity Date |
|---|---|
| ODE | Feb 8, 2020 |
| NCE | Feb 8, 2018 |
| Country | Patent Number | Approved | Expires (estimated) |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 8198262 | 2013-02-08 | 2024-10-19 |
| United States | 8204763 | 2013-02-08 | 2018-08-28 |
| United States | 8315886 | 2013-02-08 | 2020-10-23 |
| Country | Patent Number | Approved | Expires (estimated) |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 5635517 | 2013-02-08 | 2016-07-24 |
| United States | 6045501 | 2013-02-08 | 2018-08-28 |
| United States | 6315720 | 2013-02-08 | 2020-10-23 |
| United States | 6316471 | 2013-02-08 | 2016-08-10 |
| United States | 6476052 | 2013-02-08 | 2016-07-24 |
| United States | 6561976 | 2013-02-08 | 2018-08-28 |
| United States | 6561977 | 2013-02-08 | 2020-10-23 |
| United States | 6755784 | 2013-02-08 | 2020-10-23 |
| United States | 6908432 | 2013-02-08 | 2018-08-28 |
| United States | 8158653 | 2013-02-08 | 2016-08-10 |
Pomalidomide-2013, FDA approved anticancer drugs. Pomalidomide isthalidomide (thalidomide) derivative, for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Trade name Pomalyst, developed by Celgene.
Pomalidomide simple structure, synthesis is relatively easy. (From glutamine 1 ), the compound 2 is protected amino, thionyl chloride off ring after deprotection to obtain a compound with palladium on carbon hydrogenation of 3 , 3 and 4 the direct condensation Pomalidomide.
……………………..
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2012177678A2?cl=en
…………………………
Figure 1: Chronological view of the history of thalidomide and its analogs
 |
|
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| 4-Amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Imnovid, Pomalyst |
| Licence data | EMA:Link, US FDA:link |
| Pregnancy cat. |
|
| Legal status | |
| Routes | Oral |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 12–44% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic (mostly CYP1A2 andCYP3A4 mediated; some minor contributions by CYP2C19 andCYP2D6) |
| Half-life | 7.5 hours |
| Excretion | Urine (73%), faeces (15%) |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 19171-19-8  |
| ATC code | L04AX06 |
| PubChem | CID 134780 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C13H11N3O4 |
| Mol. mass | 273.24 g/mol |
Figure 2: The mechanism of TLP in multiple myeloma. TLP refers to thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide.
CLIP
The satisfaction of helping patients is what drives George Muller as an industrial scientist. Muller is coinventor of Celgene’s Polamyst for multiple myeloma.
“It’s wonderful to be able to think that the work one did in the lab ended up helping patients,” he says. “Over my career, I’ve met patients who were taking drugs on which I had worked. It’s always amazing to see the positive effects on the lives of these patients. Some of them get their lives back.”
Muller says that during the course of developing Pomalyst, they made hundreds of compounds. “We worked on the project for probably 15-plus years,” he says. The drug was approved in 2014.
POMALYST is an immunomodulatory antineoplastic agent. The chemical name is (RS)-4-Amino-2-(2,6-dioxo-piperidin-3-yl)-isoindoline-1,3dione and it has the following chemical structure:
 |
The empirical formula for pomalidomide is C13H11N3O4 and the gram molecular weight is 273.24.
Pomalidomide is a yellow solid powder. It has limited to low solubility into organic solvents and it has low solubility in all pH solutions (about 0.01 mg/mL). Pomalidomide has a chiral carbon atom which exists as a racemic mixture of the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers.
POMALYST is available in 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg and 4 mg capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains pomalidomide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: mannitol, pregelatinized starch and sodium stearyl fumarate. The 1 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, titanium dioxide, FD&C blue 2, yellow iron oxide, white ink and black ink. The 2 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, titanium dioxide, FD&C blue 2, yellow iron oxide, FD&C red 3 and white ink. The 3 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, titanium dioxide, FD&C blue 2, yellow iron oxide and white ink. The 4 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, titanium dioxide, FD&C blue 1, FD&C blue 2 and white ink.
NDA 204026
APPR..2013-02-08
Celgene
| Strength | Form/Route | Marketing Status | RLD | TE Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1MG | CAPSULE;ORAL | 1 | 0 | |
| 2MG | CAPSULE;ORAL | 1 | 0 | |
| 3MG | CAPSULE;ORAL | 1 | 0 | |
| 4MG | CAPSULE;ORAL | 1 | 1 |
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is the body responsible for approval of biosimilars within the EU. A legal framework for approving biosimilars was established in 2003. Approval of biosimilars is based on an abbreviated registration process, which allows biosimilars manufacturers to provide a reduced package of information compared to originator drugs, provided they can prove ‘similarity’ to the originator or ‘reference drug’.
read all at
http://www.gabionline.net/Biosimilars/General/Biosimilars-applications-under-review-by-EMA-2013-Q2
eculizumab
CAS number 219685-50-4
Alexion’s Soliris® (eculizumab) Receives Positive Opinion from the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products for Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: ALXN) today announced that Soliris® (eculizumab), the company’s first-in-class terminal complement inhibitor, has received a positive opinion for orphan medicinal product designation from the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a life-threatening, ultra-rare neurological disorder. The positive opinion of the COMP has now been forwarded to the European Commission for final approval and publication in the community register. Soliris is not approved in any country for the treatment of patients with NMO
http://www.pharmalive.com/soliris-gets-thumbs-up-from-emas-comp
Soliris is a formulation of eculizumab which is a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG2/4;κ antibody produced by murine myeloma cell culture and purified by standard bioprocess technology. Eculizumab contains human constant regions from human IgG2 sequences and human IgG4 sequences and murine complementarity-determining regions grafted onto the human framework light- and heavy-chain variable regions. Eculizumab is composed of two 448 amino acid heavy chains and two 214 amino acid light chains and has a molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa.
Eculizumab (INN and USAN; trade name Soliris®) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that is a first-in-class terminal complement inhibitor and the first therapy approved for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a rare, progressive, and sometimes life-threatening disease characterized by excessive destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis).[1] It costs £400,000 ($US 600,000) per year per patient.[1]
Eculizumab also is the first agent approved for the treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), an ultra-rare genetic disease that causes abnormal blood clots to form in small blood vessels throughout the body, leading to kidney failure, damage to other vital organs and premature death.[2][3]
In clinical trials in patients with PNH, eculizumab was associated with reductions in chronic hemolysis, thromboembolic events, and transfusion requirements, as well as improvements in PNH symptoms, quality of life, and survival.[1][4][5][6] Clinical trials in patients with aHUS demonstrated inhibition of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA),[7] the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body,[1][3][4] including normalization of platelets and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as maintenance or improvement in renal function.[7]
Eculizumab was discovered and developed by Alexion Pharmaceuticals and is manufactured by Alexion. It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on March 16, 2007 for the treatment of PNH, and on September 23, 2011 for the treatment of aHUS. It was approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of PNH on June 20, 2007, and on November 24, 2011 for the treatment of aHUS. Eculizumab is currently being investigated as a potential treatment for other severe, ultra-rare disorders
 |
|
|---|---|
 |
Erivedge , Vismodegib
The molecule also is known as GDC-0449 and RG3616.
read all at
http://pharmatimes.com/Article/13-07-15/Roche_may_bid_for_Alexion_gets_Erivedge_EU_approval.aspx
Vismodegib works by interfering with the membrane protein Smoothened, which provides positive signals to the Hh pathway. At present, there are no FDA-approved drugs targeting Hh signaling, although the pathway is the focus of investigation in a variety of cancers.
Meantime, Roche has obtained conditional European approval for Erivedge (vismodegib) for the treatment of adults with symptomatic metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or locally advanced BCC inappropriate for surgery or radiotherapy.
The Basel-based group noted that the approval makes Erivedge, a capsule taken once-a-day, the first licensed medicine for patients in the European Union “with this disfiguring and potentially life-threatening form of skin cancer”. Chief medical officer Hal Barron said the green light “is great news for patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma, who previously had no medicines to treat their disease”, adding that Erivedge substantially reduced tumour size in patients in clinical trials.
Under the conditional approval, Roche will provide additional data from an ongoing global safety study. Erivedge was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2012 following a priority review.
Vismodegib (trade name Erivedge) is a drug for the treatment of basal-cell carcinoma(BCC). The approval of vismodegib on January 30, 2012, represents the first Hedgehog signaling pathway targeting agent to gain U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.[1] The drug is also undergoing clinical trials for metastatic colorectal cancer,small-cell lung cancer, advanced stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, medulloblastomaand chondrosarcoma as of June 2011.[2] The drug was developed by the biotechnology /pharmaceutical company Genentech, which is headquartered at South San Francisco, California, USA.
Hedgehog Activation.
The substance acts as a cyclopamine-competitive antagonist of the smoothened receptor (SMO) which is part of the hedgehog signaling pathway.[2] SMO inhibition causes the transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2 to remain inactive, which prevents the expression of tumor mediating genes within the hedgehog pathway.[4] This pathway is pathogenetically relevant in more than 90% of basal-cell carcinomas.[5]
Vismodegib is Hedgehog (Hg) path inhibitors. Pka = 3.8 (pyridinium cation); soluble 0.1μg/mL (pH = 7), 0.99mg/mL (pH = 1), logP = 2.7. Vismodegib can be synthesized by the following route:
New Drug Approvals 