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Carbotegravir, New Patent, WO 2016113372, Lek Pharmaceutical and Chemical Co DD

LEK PHARMACEUTICALS D.D. [SI/SI]; Verovskova 57 1526 Ljubljana (SI)

MARAS, Nenad; (SI).
SELIC, Lovro; (SI).
CUSAK, Anja; (SI)

ViiV Healthcare is developing cabotegravir (first disclosed in WO2006088173), which in July 2016, was reported to be in phase 2 clinical development.

WO-2016113372

Process for preparing integrase inhibitors such as dolutegravir and cabotegravir and their analogs, useful for treating viral infections eg HIV infection. Also claims a process for preparing intermediates of dolutegravir and cabotegravir.

(4R, 12aS)-N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)methyl]-3 ,4,6,8, 12, 12a-hexahydro-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-2H-pyrido[1 ‘,2’:4,5]pyrazino[2, 1-b][1 ,3]oxazine-9-carboxamide (Formula A):

Formula A

known by the INN name dolutegravir, is a new efficient antiviral agent from the group of HIV integrase inhibitors which is used in combination with some other antiviral agents for treatment of HIV infections, such as AIDS. The compound, which belongs to condensed polycyclic pyridines and was first disclosed in WO2006/1 16764, is marketed.

Another compound disclosed in WO2006/1 16764 is (3S, 1 1 aR)-N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7, 1 1 ,1 1 a-hexahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide (Formula

Formula C

known by the INN name cabotegravir.

The complex structures of dolutegravir and cabotegravir present a synthetic challenge. The first description of the synthesis in WO2006/1 16764 shows a 16-steps synthesis (see Scheme A), which is industrially impractical due to its length and low overall yield.

Scheme A

WO 2010/068253 and WO 2006/1 16764 describe an alternative synthesis. The 1 1 -step synthesis, shown in Scheme B1 and Scheme B2, is based on bromination of the 9-position for further introduction of the carboxylic group. The synthesis relies on the use of expensive palladium catalysts and toxic selenium compounds. Furthermore, some variations of these approaches involve pyrone intermediates in several steps. In some cases pyrones are liquids which can complicate purification, while further reactions form complex mixtures.

doiutegravir

Scheme B2

In further alternative syntheses, acetoacetates were used as starting materials. Such an approach is challenging in terms of introducing the hydroxy group in the 7-position. The variation in Scheme C1 , described in WO2012/018065, starts from 4-benzyloxyacetoacetate. The procedure requires 9 steps, but use expensive reagents like palladium catalysts. Moreover, there is described a possibility of formation a co-crystal between an intermediate and hydroquinone, wherein however the additional step may diminish yields and make the process longer and time consuming.

Scheme C1

The variation in Scheme C2, described in WO2012/018065, starts from 4-chloroacetoacetate. The process is not optimal because of problems in steps which include pyrones and because of problems with conversion of 7-chloro to 7-hydroxy group which includes a disadvantageous use of silanolates with low yield (25%).

Scheme C2

The variation in Scheme C3, described in WO201 1/1 19566, starts from unsubstituted acetoacetate. For the introduction of the 7-hydroxy group, bromination is used and substitution of bromo with hydroxy is performed by a use of silanolates. The substitution of the bromine is achieved in a 43% yield.

Scheme C3

The variation in Scheme C4, described in WO201 1/1 19566, starts from 4-methoxyacetoacetate aiming at preparing dolutegravir or cabotegravir. The process uses lithium bases to affect a difficult to control selective monohydrolysis of a diester.

The object of the present invention is to provide short, simple, cost-effective, environmentally friendly and industrially suitable processes for beneficially providing dolutegravir and analogues thereof and cabotegravir and analogues thereof, in particular dolutegravir.

Scheme 1

According to an embodiment of the process of the invention the building block 3-aminobutanol can suitably be substituted with other aminoalcohols to give dolutegravir analogues. For example, using (S)-alaninol gives cabotegravir as the final product. Similarly, using amines other than 2,4-difluorobenzylamine in the amidation step results in the synthesis of other dolutegravir analogues.

According to the another preferred embodiment cabotegravir or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is prepared by the analogue process, which comprises providing a compound of formula (5c)

converting the compound of formula (5c) to a compound of formula (6c)

by carrying out a chlorination reaction, and converting the compound of formula (6c) to cabotegravir and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The compound of formula (5c) can preferably be provided by converting a compound of formula (3) to a compound of formula (4c)

Scheme 2

1. ) EtOCOCI, Et₃N / Me₂CO

2. ) 2,4-difiuorobenzylamine

Scheme 3

Analogous compound of formula 7c is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of cabotegravir. Scheme 3a

Scheme 4

Examples

The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and they should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. The examples and modifications or other equivalents thereof will become apparent to those versed in the art in the light of the present entire disclosure. Particularly, all Examples related to the preparation of dolutegravir and intermediates thereof can be used by the analogy for the preparation of cabotegravir and intermediates thereof.

Example 1 :

Methyl acetoacetate (1 , 25.22 g) and dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMFDMA, 35 mL) was heated at 50-55°C for 2 h, then methanol (60 mL), aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (24 mL) and acetic acid (4 mL) was added an the mixture was heated under reflux for one hour, then concentrated. MTBE (100 mL) was added and the mixture was kept at 5 °C overnight to crystallize. Upon filtration 46 g (92%) of product 2 was recovered.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.31 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 6H), 3.49 (m, 2H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 4.43 (m, 1 H), 8.02 (d, 1 H), 10.8 (bs, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 30.52, 35.48, 50.53, 54.23, 98.99, 102.47, 160.70, 166.92, 197.21 .

Example 2:

Compound 2 (5.00 g) was dissolved in 2-propanol, dimethyl oxalate (7.02 g) was added and heated to 40 °C. Sodium methylate (25% in methanol; 20 mL) was slowly (10 min) added, the mixture was then heated to 50-55 °C and stirred at that temperature for 2-2.5 h. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, then sodium hydroxide solution (1 M, 65 mL) was added to the mixture and stirred for another 2 h, followed by addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1 1 mL) and stirred for another 2 h. The precipitate was filtered and dried to give 8.08 g (NMR assay 47%; 65% yield) of compound 3.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.50 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s. 6H), 4.49 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (s, 1 H); 8.70 (s, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 55.23, 55.37, 102.34, 1 15.47, 120.24, 145.17, 162.71 , 165.22, 178.55.

Example 3:

Compound 2 (158.37 g) was dissolved in methanol (548 mL), followed by the addition of dimethyl oxalate (202.2 g). While keeping the temperature below 30°C, potassium ferf-butoxide (192.1 g) was added and reaction mixture was heated at 50 °C overnight. The suspension was then filtered and the filter cake washed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated (approximately to 680 mL), then water (680 mL) was added, followed by addition of lithium hydroxide hydrate (143.7 g) while keeping the temperature below 40 °C. The suspension was then stirred at ambient temperature overnight and filtered. To the obtained filtrate, concentrated hydrochloric acid (339 mL) was added while keeping the temperature below 30 °C. The suspension was aged for 2 h and filtered to give 4 as a white powder (95.6 g, NMR assay 100%; 52% yield).

Example 4:

Compound 2 (5.00 g) was dissolved in 2-propanol, dimethyl oxalate (7.02 g) was added and heated to 40 °C. Sodium methylate (25% in methanol; 15 mL) was slowly (10 min) added then the mixture was heated to 50-55 °C and stirred at that temperature for 72 h. The mixture was concentrated and components were separated by flash column chromatography (ethyl acetate/methanol 9:1 to 6:4). Early fractions gave compound 22 upon concentration, late fractions gave compound 23.

Compound 22: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.49 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 6H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.41 (m, 1 H), 4.50 (m, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 8.36 (s, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 51.63, 53.36, 54.25, 55.47, 102.71 , 1 18.24, 123.60, 140.81 , 150.21 , 162.44, 164.49, 173.43.

Compound 23: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.49 (m, 2H), 3.26 (s, 6H); 3.70 (s, 3H); 4.33 (d, 1 H); 4.60 (m, 1 H), 6.19 (s, 1 H), 8.12 (s, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 50.03, 51.34, 54.59, 54.85, 102.91 , 1 16.04, 1 18.19, 148.32, 152.12, 163.46, 165.24, 174.99

Example 5:

Compound 3 (5.5 g; assay 53%) was suspended in acetonitrile, acetic acid (6 mL) and methanesulfonic acid (2.5 mL) were added followed by the heating of mixture to 70 °C for 4 h. The suspension was filtered and filtrate cooled to ambient temperature. Triethylamine (6.6 mL) and (R)-3-amino-butan-1 -ol (1.24 mL) was added followed by heating the mixture at reflux temperature for 20-24 h. The mixture was filtered, filtrate concentrated and 1 M HCI (100 mL) was added, followed by extraction with dichloromethane (3 x 50 mL). Combined organic fractions were concentrated, 2-propanol was added (10 mL) and suspension was stirred at 70-80 °C for 10 min, left to cool to ambient temperature then filtered to give 2.19 g of compound 4 (73%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-de): δ 1.31 (d, 3H), 1.52 (m, 1 H), 1 .97 (m, 1 H), 3.89 (m, 1 H), 4.01 (m, 1 H), 4.46 (m, 1 H), 4.64 (m, 1 H), 4.78 (m, 1 H), 5.50 (m, 1 H), 7.29 (s, 1 H), 8.88 (s, 1 H), 15.83 (s, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 15.22, 29.14, 45.26, 51.13, 62.09, 76.03, 1 16.31 , 1 18.79, 140.53, 146.79, 155.36, 165.24, 178.75.

Example 6:

Compound 3 (14.55 g; assay 49%) was suspended in acetonitrile (125 mL), acetic acid (15 mL) and methanesulfonic acid (6.25 mL) were added followed by the heating of mixture to 70 °C for 4 h. The suspension was filtered and filtrate cooled to ambient temperature. Triethylamine (16.5 mL) and (S)-2-aminopropanol (2.45 mL) was added followed by heating the mixture at reflux temperature for 24 h. The insoluble product was filtered, washed with 2-propanol (20 mL) and dried to give (3S, 1 1 aR)-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7, 1 1 ,1 1 a-hexahydrooxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxylic acid (5.2 g, 75%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.31 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H), 3.65 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.13 (dd, J = 1 1.7, 10.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (m, 1 H), 4.39 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.92 (dd, J = 12.3, 4.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.45 (dd, J = 10.2, 4.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.16 (s, 1 H), 8.84 (s, 1 H), 15.74 (s, 1 H).

Example 7:

Compound 4 (0.63 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (15 mL), cooled to 5°C, then triethylamine (0.31 mL) was added, followed by ethyl chloroformate (0.26 mL), followed by slow (30 min) addition of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine. The mixture was then stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h. Water (10 mL) was added, organic phase was separated and washed with 1 M HCI (15 mL) and water (15 mL), concentrated and treated with 2-propanol to give the product 5 in a quantitative yield.

¹H NMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.39 (d, 3H), 1.52 (s, 1 H), 2.19 (m, 1 H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, 1 H), 4.31 (m, 1 H), 4.62 (d, 2H), 5.00 (m, 1 H), 5.27 (m, 1 H), 6.80 (m 2H), 7.33 (m, 2H), 8.49 (s, 1 H), 10.48 (s, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (CDCI₃): 15.50, 29.22, 36.43, 45.19, 51.83, 62.79, 103.71 , 103.91 , 1 1 1 .0, 1 1 1 .18, 120.59, 123.04, 130.40, 137.41 , 144.58, 156.27, 163. 87, 177.83.

Example 8:

To a suspension of 4 (2.84 g, 10 mmol) in a mixture of triethylamine (2.24 mL, 16 mmol) and acetone (50 mL) stirring on an ice bath was added ethyl chloroformate (1 .20 mL, 12 mmol). After stirring for 10 min, 2,4-difluorobenzylamine (1.21 mL, 10 mmol) was added and the mixture left stirring at room temperature for 1 h. The product was isolated by slowly diluting the reaction mixture with water (50 mL), partial concentration, filtration, washing with water (2 50 mL) and drying. There was obtained 5 as a white powder (3.48 g, 86%): mp 181.0-184.7 °C. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.29 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1 .56 (dd, J = 13.9, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 1 .93-2.06 (m, 1 H), 3.90 (ddd, J = 1 1.6, 5.0, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.98 (td, J = 12.0, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.45 (dd, J = 13.6, 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.72 (dd, J = 13.6, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.74-4.81 (m, 1 H), 5.44 (dd, J = 6.6, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.93 (s, 1 H), 15.14 (s, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 15.78, 29.13, 44.89, 52.88, 61 .63, 75.61 , 1 13.54, 128.49, 136.42, 145.64, 154.62, 164.58, 174.58

Example 9:

To a suspension of 4 (1 1.36 g, 40 mmol) in acetonitrile (80 mL) stirring at room temperature was added TCCA (9.29 g, 38 mmol) and DABCO (0.23 g, 5 mol%). After stirring at room temperature for 1 h, the reaction was quenched with a mixture of DMSO (5.26 mL) and water (1.33 mL). The insoluble cyanuric acid was removed by filtration and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure to give viscous oil. This was triturated in methanol (20 mL) to induce crystallization. The product was filtered, washed with cold methanol (10 mL) and dried to give 7 as a yellowish powder (5.13 g, 41 %): mp 191 .3-198.7 °C.

Example 10:

Attempted chlorination of 23: Compound 23 (0.54g) was suspended in acetonitrile (10 mL) and trichlorocyanuric acid (0.44 g) was added and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Precipitate was filtered. Only traces of a product corresponding to the compound 26 could be detected in the reaction mixture by LC-MS analysis. Conversion did not improve with time.

Example 11 :

Attempted chlorination of 3: Compound 3 (0.30 g) was suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) and trichlorocyanuric acid (0.13 g) was added. The suspension was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Only traces of a product corresponding to the compound 24 could be detected in the reaction mixture by LC-MS analysis.

Example 12:

9 10

Trichloroisocyanuric acid (0.23 g) was added in a single portion to a stirred solution of the diethyl 1 -(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4-oxo-1 ,4-dihydropyridine-2,5-dicarboxylate (9, 0.66 g) in dry acetonitrile (4 mL) at room temperature. The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature for ca. 24 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and filtrated. The filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo to afford crude oil (0.86 g). Purification by flash chromatography (eluting ethyl acetate/cyclohexane) furnished diethyl 3-chloro-1 -(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4-oxo-1 ,4-dihydropyridine-2,5-dicarboxylate, 10 as a yellow semi-solid (0.38 g). ¹H NMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.28 (t, J=7A Hz, 3H), 1 .37 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 3.35 (s, 6H), 3.89 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 2H), 4.27 (q, J=l A Hz, 2H), 4.43 (q, J=l A Hz, 2H), 4.48 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.15 (s, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (CDCI₃): δ 13.83, 14.13, 55.82, 57.09, 61.41 , 63.72, 102.52, 1 17.35, 126.90, 140.22, 146.92, 160.67, 164.13, 168.95.

Example 13:

Diethyl 1 -(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4-oxo-1 ,4-dihydropyridine-2,5-dicarboxylate (9, 0.64 g) was dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (6 mL) and treated sequentially with acetic acid (560 μί) and methanesulfonic acid (40 μί). The resulting mixture was heated to 62 °C and stirred for 4 h and more methanesulfonic acid (40 μΙ_) was added. After additional 2 h, more methanesulfonic acid (80 μΙ_) was added. This was repeated after additional 2 h, when more methanesulfonic acid (80 μΙ_) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred additional 17 h at 62 °C then was treated with a mixture of (R)-3-aminobutanol (0.22 g), triethylamine (0.5 mL) and acetonitrile (0.7 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred additional 22 h at 62 °C and then concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was partitioned between dichloromethane and 1 M HCI solution (15 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂S0₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude (4R, 12aS)-ethyl 4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8, 12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1 ‘,2’:4,5]pyrazino[2, 1 -b][1 ,3]oxazine-9-carboxylate (11 ) as a brownish oil (0.61 g).

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 8.44 (s, 1 H), 7.16 (m, 1 H), 5.48 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.86 (m, 1 H), 4.49 (dd, J=13.6, 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.30-4.25 (m, 3H), 4.09 (dt, J=12.1 , 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.96 (ddd, J=1 1.7, 5.0, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 1 H), 1.60-1 .56 (m, 1 H) 1 .39 (d, J=7A Hz, 3H), 1.33 (t, J=7A Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (CDCI₃): δ 8.45, 14.08, 15.39, 29.17, 45.04, 45.72, 51 .56, 60.86, 62.61 , 76.33, 1 19.54, 123.72, 136.96, 145.67, 156.26, 163.68, 175.43

Example 14:

¹⁰

Diethyl 3-chloro-1 -(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4-oxo-1 ,4-dihydropyridine-2,5-dicarboxylate (10, 1.23 g) was dissolved in 85% formic acid (25 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was warmed to 40 °C and stirred for 23 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and then partitioned between dichloromethane and aqueous NaHC0₃ solution. The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂S0₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford brownish oil (0.49 g). The crude oil was dissolved in anhydrous toluene (5 mL) and treated sequentially with (R)-3-aminobutanol (0.19 g), methanol (0.2 mL) and acetic acid (96 μί). The resulting mixture was heated to 90 °C and stirred for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then partitioned between dichloromethane and aqueous NaHC0₃ solution. The combined organic phases were dried (Na₂S0₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude (4R,12aS)-Ethyl 7-chloro-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12, 12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1 ‘,2’:4,5] pyrazino [2, 1-b][1 ,3]oxazine-9-carboxylate (12) as a brownish oil (0.24 g).

Example 15:

To a solution of 4 (5.68 g, 20 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) stirring in an ice bath was added triethylamine (5.6 mL, 40 mmol), followed by ethyl chloroformate (2.61 mL, 26 mmol). After 20 min, ethanol (50 mL) was added. The mixture was then left stirring 24 h at room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated in acetone (80 mL). The insoluble salt (triethylamine hydrochloride) was removed by filtration. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 11 as an amorphous solid in a quantitative yield (6.1 g).

Example 16:

To a stirring solution of 11 (0.94 g, 3.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (8 mL) heated at 40 °C was added TCCA in portions during 1 h (0.44 g, 1 .8 mmol). After an additional 1 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with a solution of NaHS0₃ (0.60 g) in water (60 mL), extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL) and the extract evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product which was purified by flash chromatography (CH₂CI₂ : MeOH, from 98 : 2 to 80 : 20) to give 12 (0.45 g, 44%).

¹H NMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.37 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.38 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1 .56 (dq, J = 13.9, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.21 (m, 1 H), 3.99 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.00 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.10 (dd, J = 13.2, 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.37-4.27 (m, 3H), 4.98 (m, 1 H), 5.35 (dd, J = 6.6, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H).

¹³C NMR (CDCI₃): δ 14.20, 16.09, 29.34, 44.87, 53.73, 61.49, 62.29, 76.01 , 1 16.22, 133.1 1 , 134.18, 144.52, 155.48, 163.88, 169.98.

Example 17:

To a mixture of 7 (3.89 g, 12.2 mmol) in methanol (12 mL) was added sodium methylate (22.3 mL, 97.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 h at 30 °C and then quenched with a slow addition of 3M hydrochloric acid (35 mL) while stirring in an ice bath. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove most of the methanol, then extracted with dichloromethane (2 30 mL), the combined extracts washed with water (30 mL) and evaporated under reduced pressure. Methanol (20 mL) was added to the obtained amorphous residue and removed under reduced pressure to yield the solid 8 (3.69 g, 98%).

¹H NMR (CDCI₃): δ 15.04 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (s, 1 H), 5.29 (dd, J=5.6, 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.01 -4.96 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (dd, J=13.6, 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.25 (dd, J=13.6, 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 4.00-3.97 (m, 2H), 2.21 -2-14 (m, 1 H), 1.53 (dd, J=14.1 , 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 1.36 (d, J=7 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (CDCI₃): δ 176.35, 165.94, 155.03, 153.70, 143.08, 130.90, 1 15.94, 76.05, 62.65, 61.45, 53.86, 44.96, 29.43, 16.06.

Example 18:

To a suspension of 7 (2.55 g, 8.0 mmol) in a mixture of triethylamine (1 .46 mL, 10.4 mmol) and acetone (32 mL) stirring on an ice bath was added ethyl chloroformate (0.88 mL, 8.8 mmol). After stirring for 10 min, 2,4-difluorobenzylamine (1.07 mL, 8.8 mmol) was added and the mixture left stirring at room temperature for 1 h. The product was isolated by slowly diluting the reaction mixture with water (40 mL), filtration, washing with water (2 30 mL) and drying. There was obtained 2.91 g of 6 as a white powder (83%).

¹H NMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.30 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1 .49 (dd, J = 14.0, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.14 (ddd, J = 14.6, 1 1.1 , 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.89-3.95 (m, 2H), 4.09-4.15 (m, 1 H), 4.26 (dd, J = 13.4, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 4.89-4.98 (m, 1 H), 5.18 (dd, J = 6.2, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.68-6.79 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.31 (m, 1 H), 8.41 (s, 1 H), 10.24 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (CDCI₃): δ 16.09, 26.95, 29.30, 36.79, 45.1 1 , 45.28, 53.86, 62.47, 75.93, 103.87 (t, J = 25.4 Hz), 1 1 1 .21 (dd, J = 21 .0, 3.4 Hz), 1 17.32, 130.58 (dd, J = 9.3, 5.8 Hz), 133.40, 143.54, 155.34, 163.16, 163.25, 163.35, 172.88.

Example 19:

To a suspension of 5 (1 .67 g, 4 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was added DABCO (23 mg, 5 mol%) and TCCA (0.62 g, 2.52 mmol). The mixture was stirred 18 h at 40 °C protected from light and then quenched with a mixture of DMSO (0.48 mL) and water (0.12 mL). The insoluble cyanuric acid was removed by filtration and washed with acetonitrile (5 mL). The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give viscous oil that was crystallized from a mixture of methanol (6 mL) and water (3 mL), by slowly cooling the solution from 60 °C to room

temperature. The product 6 was filtered, washed with cold methanol (5 mL) and dried to give an off-white powder (1.07 g, 61 %).

¹H NMR (CDCI₃): δ 1.30 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1 .49 (dd, J = 14.0, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.14 (ddd, J = 14.6, 1 1.1 , 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.89-3.95 (m, 2H), 4.09-4.15 (m, 1 H), 4.26 (dd, J = 13.4, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 4.89-4.98 (m, 1 H), 5.18 (dd, J = 6.2, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.68-6.79 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.31 (m, 1 H), 8.41 (s, 1 H), 10.24 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1 H). ¹³C NMR (CDCI₃): δ 16.09, 26.95, 29.30, 36.79, 45.1 1 , 45.28, 53.86, 62.47, 75.93, 103.87 (t, J = 25.4 Hz), 1 1 1 .21 (dd, J = 21.0, 3.4 Hz), 1 17.32, 130.58 (dd, J = 9.3, 5.8 Hz), 133.40, 143.54, 155.34, 163.16, 163.25, 163.35, 172.88.

Example 20:

To a suspension of 6 (0.44 g) in anhydrous methanol (1 mL) was added a 25% methanolic solution of sodium methylate (1 .14 mL) and the mixture stirred for 4 h at 40 °C. The reaction was quenched with acetic acid (0.4 mL), diluted with water (8 mL), extracted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (12 mL), the extract washed with 1 M NaOH(aq) (8 mL), water (8 mL) and evaporated under reduced pressure. To the oily residue was added methanol (8 mL) and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 27 as a white solid (0.38 g, 88%).

Example 21 :

The suspension of (4R, 12aS)-7-chloro-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12, 12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1 ‘,2’:4,5]pyrazino[2, 1 -b][1 ,3]oxazine-9-carboxamide (6, 0.44 g) and solid sodium hydroxide (0.20 g) in absolute ethanol (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The reaction was quenched with 2M H₂S0₄ (1 .18 mL) and left stirring for 2 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through fitted funnel rinsing with water (2 x 2 mL). The obtained white precipitate (0.38 g) was suspended in THF-water (1 :1 , 4.5 mL) and stirred at room temperature for ca. 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through fitted funnel rinsing with water (2 ^χ 1 mL) and dried in vacuo at 40°C to afford pure dolutegravir as a white solid (0.33 g, HPLC purity: 99.38%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 12.51 (s, 1 H), 10.36 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.50 (s, 1 H), 7.41-7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.26-7.21 (m, 1 H), 7.07-7.03 (m, 1 H), 5.45 (dd, J=5.4, 4.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.81 -4.76 (m, 1 H), 4.59-4.53 (m, 3H), 4.36 (dd, J=13.8, 5.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 1 H), 2.05-1 .97 (m, 1 H), 1.55-1.52 (m, 1 H), 1 .33 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 170.27, 163.68, 162.29, 161 .78 (dd), 159.82 (dd), 154.61 , 140.64, 130.74 (d), 130.67 (d), 122.37 (d), 1 16.73, 1 15.38, 1 1 1 .33 (d), 103.80 (t), 62.01 , 51 .16, 44.69, 35.74, 29.13, 15.21.

Example 22:

A suspension of dolutegravir (0.31 g) in methanol (4 mL) was cooled to 0 °C.25% Solution of sodium methoxide in methanol was added to the mixture and the resulting suspension was stirred at 0 °C for 2 h, then at room temperature for 23 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered through fitted funnel rinsing with methanol (3 x 10 mL). The white precipitate was dried overnight at room temperature to afford pure dolutegravir sodium as a white solid (0.26 g, HPLC purity: 99.84%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 10.70 (t, J=5.8, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.01 (m, 1H), 5.17 (m, 1H), 4.81 (t, J=6.4Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J=5.5Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.16 (dd, J=14.1, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.99-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.80 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.38 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.24 (d, J=7.0Hz, 3H).¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 177.93, 167.12, 166.08, 161.59 (dd), 161.13, 159.63 (dd), 134.26, 130.44 (d), 130.38 (d), 122.90 (d), 114.95, 111.23 (d), 108.78, 103.64 (t), 75.59, 61.95, 53.11, 43.01, 35.32, 29.22, 15.30.

Example 23:

The suspension of 6 (0.44 g) and solid sodium hydroxide (0.20 g) in absolute ethanol (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The reaction was diluted with absolute ethanol (10 mL) and left stirring for ca. 30 min at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through fitted funnel rinsing with absolute ethanol (3 x 10 mL) and dried in vacuo at room temperature to afford dolutegravir sodium as a pale yellow solid (0.43 g, HPLC purity: 98.80%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 10.70 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.01 (m, 1H), 5.17 (m, 1H), 4.81 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.16 (dd, J= 14.1, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.99-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.80 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.38 (d, J = 12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.24 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H).¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 177.93, 167.12, 166.08, 161.59 (dd), 161.13, 159.63 (dd), 134.26, 130.44 (d), 130.38 (d), 122.90 (d), 114.95, 111.23 (d), 108.78, 103.64 (t), 75.59, 61.95, 53.11, 43.01, 35.32, 29.22, 15.30.

Example 24:

The suspension of (4R,12aS)-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-7-methoxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12, 12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1′,2′:4,5]pyrazino[2,1-6][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxamide (27, 0.43 g) and solid sodium hydroxide (0.20 g) in absolute ethanol (2.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for ca.24 h. The reaction was diluted with mixture of water/ethanol (5 mL, 1:1) and left stirring for ca. 1.5 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through fitted funnel rinsing with mixture of water/ethanol (3 x 5 mL, 1:1) and dried in vacuo at room temperature to afford 15 as a pale yellow solid (0.41 g, HPLC purity: 98.87%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-de): δ 10.70 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.01 (m, 1H), 5.17 (m, 1H), 4.81 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.16 (dd, J = 14.1, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.99-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.80 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.38 (d, J = 12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.24 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H).¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 177.93, 167.12, 166.08, 161.59 (dd), 161.13, 159.63 (dd), 134.26, 130.44 (d), 130.38 (d), 122.90 (d), 114.95, 111.23 (d), 108.78, 103.64 (t), 75.59, 61.95, 53.11, 43.01, 35.32, 29.22, 15.30.

Example 25:

The suspension of {4R, 12aS)-7-chloro-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4, 6,8, 12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1′,2′:4,5]pyrazino[2,1-6][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxylic acid (7, 0.31 g) and solid sodium hydroxide (0.20 g) in absolute ethanol (2.5 mL) was stirred at 50 °C for 3 days. The reaction was quenched with 2M H₂S0₄ (1.2 mL) and left stirring for 7 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through fitted funnel rinsing with water (3×5 mL) and ethanol (5 mL) dried in vacuo at 40°C to afford 28 as a pale yellow solid (0.17 g).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 15.37 (s, 1H), 12.76 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 5.51-5.49 (m, 1H), 4.80-4.78 (m, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J=13.8, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (dd, J=13.8, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (t, J^^.b Hz, 1H), 3.91 (dd, J=11.4, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 2.07-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.56 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.34 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).¹³C NMR (DMSO-de): δ 172.21, 165.39, 161.73, 153.61, 141.11, 118.66, 112.99, 75.95, 62.03, 51.50, 44.90, 29.08, 15.18.

Example 26:

The suspension of (4R,12aS)-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-7-methoxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8, 12, 12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1 ‘,2’:4,5]pyrazino[2, 1 ,3]oxazine-9-carboxamide (27, 0.88 g) and solid sodium hydroxide (0.24 g) in absolute ethanol (20 mL) was stirred at 30 °C for 1.5 h. The reaction was quenched with 2M H₂S0₄ (1 .5 mL) and left stirring for 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through fritted funnel and rinsed with water (3 x 2 mL) and ethanol (4 mL), and dried in vacuo at 40 °C to afford O-ethyl dolutegravir (29) as a pale yellow solid (0.25 g). The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgS0₄, filtered and concentrated, then dried in vacuo at 40 °C to afford more 29 as a pale yellow solid (0.27 g).

¹H NMR (CDCI₃): δ 10.37 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.36 (s, 1 H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 1 H), 6.83-6.77 (m, 2H), 5.19 (dd, J = 5.9, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.04-4.98 (m, 1 H), 4.61 (d, J = 6Hz, 2H), 4.26-4.22 (m, 3H), 4.1 1 (dd, J = 13.4, 5.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.97 (t, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.96 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.21-2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.51 (dq, J = 14.0, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 1 .47 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1 .35 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).

¹³C NMR (CDCI₃): δ 174.78, 164.17, 162.49 (dd), 160.51 (dd), 155.72, 154.08, 142.32, 130.60 (dd), 129.33, 121 .51 (dd), 1 18.67, 1 1 1 .23 (dd), 103.78 (t), 76.15, 69.74, 62.58, 53.42, 44.58, 36.50 (d), 29.44, 16.04, 15.64.

Example 27:

The suspension of (4R, 12aS)-7-(benzyloxy)-4-methyl-3,4, 12,12a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[1 ‘,2’:4,5]pyrazino[2, 1-b][1 ,3]oxazine-6,8-dione (30, 0.68 g, prepared according to prior art) and solid sodium hydroxide (0.40 g) in absolute ethanol (5 mL) was stirred at 50 °C for 14 h. The reaction was quenched with formic acid (0.35 mL), water (2 mL) was added and mixture was left stirring for additional 1 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 5 mL) and the combined organic layers concentrated to afford a crude oil. Purification by flash chromatography (eluting with CH₂CI₂/methanol) afforded 32 as an orange solid (0.26 g, 52 %).

The above procedure if done at room temperature in same time period, affords 31 as orange oil (0.24 g, 43 %).

Compound 32: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 7.64 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.20 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.40 (dd, J = 5.1 , 4.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.83-4.78 (m, 1 H), 4.35 (dd, J = 13.6, 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.13 (dd, J = 13.6, 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.90-3.85 (m, 1 H), 2.03-1.95 (m, 1 H), 1.52 (dd, J = 13.9, 1 .9 Hz, 1 H), 1.33 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 170.96, 163.01 , 153.48, 137.96, 1 16.83, 1 13.52, 76.18, 62.05, 50.39, 44.53, 29.21 , 15.28.

Compound 31 : ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 7.67 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.28 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.29 (dd, J = 5.4, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.82-4.75 (m, 1 H), 4.32 (dd, J = 13.6, 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.10 (dd, J = 13.5, 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.03-3.93 (m, 3H), 3.85 (ddd, J = 1 1 .6, 5.0, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 1.97-1 .89 (m, 1 H), 1 .48 (dd, J = 13.8, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.26 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 174.38, 156.1 1 , 150.82, 139.48, 1 16.39, 1 13.52, 75.92, 67.31 , 61 .80, 51 .36, 44.22, 29.29, 15.76, 15.36.

Exa

The transformation of 6 to dolutegravir with sodium hydroxide in ethanol was monitored for the interconversion of intermediates. The suspension of 6 (0.44 g) and solid sodium hydroxide (0.20 g) in ethanol (3.33 ml.) was stirred at 22 °C. Samples of the reaction mixture were taken after 3, 8 and 24 h for UPLC analysis. After 24 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with 2 M H₂S0₄ (5 ml_), and left stirring at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through fritted funnel, the product rinsed with water (30 ml.) and dried in vacuo at 50 °C overnight to afford dolutegravir as a white solid (0.27 g, 64 %).

The results of reaction monitoring:

Time UPLC analysis (area%)

Entry

(h) compound 6 compound 29 dolutegravir

1 3 h 37.50 20.63 39.99

2 8 h 0.78 15.46 80.32

3 24h 0.31 8.56 88.21

Example 29:

The effect of added water and reaction temperature was evaluated by monitoring 4 reactions in parallel. To the suspensions of 27 (0.86 g) in MeOH were added solid sodium hydroxide (0.40 g) or aqueous solution of NaOH (5 M, 2 ml.) (see Table below). The reactions were stirred in parallel at 50 °C or 22 °C. Samples were taken in timely intervals for UPLC analysis.

The results of reaction monitoring demethylation of 27 in MeOH:

Example 30:

The effect of added water and reaction temperature was evaluated by monitoring 4 reactions in parallel. To the suspensions of 6 (0.88 g) in EtOH were added solid sodium hydroxide (0.40 g) or aqueous solution of NaOH (5 M, 2 mL) (see Table below). The reactions were stirred in parallel at 50 °C or 22 °C. Samples were taken in timely intervals for UPLC analysis.

The results of reaction monitoring of the transformations of 6 in ethanol with NaOH:

dol. = dolutegravir

Exa

The effect of added water and reaction temperature was evaluated by monitoring 4 reactions in parallel. To the suspensions of 27 (0.88 g) in EtOH were added solid sodium hydroxide (0.40 g) or aqueous solution of NaOH (5 M, 2ml_) (see Table below). The reactions were stirred in parallel at 50 °C or 22 °C. Samples were taken in timely intervals for UPLC analysis.

The results of reaction monitoring of the transformations of 27 in ethanol with NaOH:

dol. = dolutegravir

Example 32:

Compound 3 (30 g, 1 10 mmol; assay 99%) was suspended in acetonitrile (450 mL), acetic acid (73 mL) and methanesulfonic acid (25 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred 4 h at 70 °C. The clear red solution was cooled to 25 °C. Triethylamine (77 mL) and (S)-2-aminopropanol (17 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C and the insoluble product filtered, washed with 1 M HCI(aq) (60 mL), water (3 * 60 mL) and dried to give 4c (19.49 g, 67%): mp = 313-315 °C; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.31 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H), 3.65 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.13 (dd, J = 1 1.7, 10.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (m, 1 H), 4.39 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.92 (dd, J = 12.3, 4.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.45 (dd, J = 10.2, 4.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.16 (s, 1 H), 8.84 (s, 1 H), 15.74 (s, 1 H); ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆) 16.5, 51.6, 52.9, 72.4, 81.6, 1 15.8, 1 18.1 , 141.5, 147.6, 153.4, 165.3, 179.0.

Example 33

Compound 4c (2.78 g) was suspended in dimethylformamide (40 mL), cooled to 0 °C, then triethylamine (3.52 mL) was added, followed by ethyl chloroformate (1 .31 mL). After 10 min there was added 2,4-difluorobenzylamine (1 .57 mL). The mixture was then stirred at 25 °C for 1 h. Water (150 mL) was added and the mixture extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL). The organic phase was separated, washed with water (2 ^χ 50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue (4.31 g) was treated with boiling 2-propanol (40 mL), the suspension cooled, the product filtered and dried to give the product 5c as a white powder (2.70 g, 69%): 99.80 area% by HPLC at 258 nm; mp = 222-223 °C; MS (ESI) m/z = 390 [MH]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1 .30 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H), 3.63 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.02 (m, 1 H), 4.26 (m, 1 H), 4.37 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.53 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.84 (dd, J = 12.2, 4.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.40 (dd, J = 12.2, 4.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.91 (s, 1 H), 7.05 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.38 (m, 1 H), 8.62 (s, 1 H), 10.43 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H).

To a suspension of 5c (2.70 g, 6.9 mmol) in acetonitrile (32 mL) was added DABCO (39 mg, 5 mol%) and TCCA (1.01 g, 4.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred 20 h at 40 °C protected from light and then quenched with a mixture of DMSO (0.81 mL) and water (0.20 mL). The insoluble cyanuric acid was removed by filtration and washed with acetonitrile (10 mL). The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give viscous oil that was crystallized from a mixture of methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL), by slowly cooling the solution from 60 °C to room temperature. The product 6c was filtered, washed with cold methanol (8 mL) and dried to give an off-white powder (1 .20 g, 41 %): mp = 225-227 °C; MS (ESI) m/z = 424 [MH]⁺; ¹H NMR

(DMSO-d₆): δ 1.28 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H), 3.65 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 (m, 1 H), 4.26 (m, 1 H), 4.35 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.54 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (dd, J = 12.3, 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.42 (dd, J = 10.1 , 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.06 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.40 (m, 1 H), 8.67 (s, 1 H), 10.24 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H).

Example 35

cabotegravir

The suspension of 6c (1.00 g, 2.4 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (0.57 g, 14.2 mmol) in absolute ethanol (7 mL) was stirred at 40 °C for 16 h. The reaction was quenched with 0.5M H₂S0₄ (15 mL), extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL), the extract washed with water (20 mL) and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated in MTBE (10 mL), the product filtered, washed with MTBE (10 mL) and dried to give cabotegravir as an off-white solid (0.74 g, 77%): MS (ESI) m/z = 405 [MH]⁺.

Lek, a Sandoz company, opens the first production facility in Slovenia for drug substances for innovative medicines at its Mengeš site

Vojmir Urlep, president of Lek Board of Management

Dr Miro Cerar, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Slovenia Photo for print

Dr Miro Cerar, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Slovenia

Lek, a Sandoz company, awarded for cooperation in practical training of students of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology

30. 1. 2015

At a ceremony held on 22 January 2015 at the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, the Maks Samec awards and recognitions for 2014 were presented for the best doctoral thesis in the field of chemistry, the best doctoral thesis in the field of chemical engineering and chemical technology and for services and merits to the Faculty in the year 2014. On this occasion, the Faculty also wanted to thank all the companies and individuals who shared their knowledge and resources to help the Faculty on its education and research path.

Lek, a Sandoz company, received a plaque for taking part in the implementation of practical training, which was collected, on behalf of the company, by Samo Roš, Head of Human Resources and a Member of the Lek Board of Management. By doing so, the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology thanked all the mentors who directly transfer their expertise and valuable experience onto students, teaching them specific skills, encouraging their development, guiding them through the work process and ensuring that students become socialized in the workplace.

* * *

Lek, a Sandoz company, is one of key pillars of the second-largest generic pharmaceutical company globally. Its role within Sandoz is to act as: a leading global development center for technologically demanding products and technologies; a global manufacturing center for active pharmaceutical ingredients and medicines; a competence center for the development of vertically integrated products; a Sandoz competence center in the field of development and manufacturing of biosimilar products; and, a supply center for the markets of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), South East Europe (SEE) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and it is responsible for sales on the Slovenian market. For further information please visit http://www.lek.si/en.

Sandoz, the generic pharmaceuticals division of Novartis, is a global leader in the generic pharmaceutical sector. Sandoz employs over 26,400 employees and its products are available in more than 160 countries, offering a broad range of high-quality, affordable products that are no longer protected by patents. With USD 9.6 billion in sales in 2014, Sandoz has a portfolio of approximately 1,100 molecules, and holds the #1 position globally in biosimilars as well as in generic injectables, ophthalmics, dermatology and antibiotics, complemented by leading positions in the cardiovascular, metabolism, central nervous system, pain, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and hormonal therapeutic areas. Sandoz develops, produces, and markets these medicines, as well as active pharmaceutical and biotechnological substances. Nearly half of Sandoz’s portfolio is in differentiated products, which are defined as products that are more difficult to scientifically develop and manufacture than standard generics. In addition to strong organic growth since consolidating its generics businesses under the Sandoz brand name in 2003, Sandoz has benefitted from strong growth of its acquisitions, which include Lek (Slovenia), Sabex (Canada), Hexal (Germany), Eon Labs (US), EBEWE Pharma (Austria), Oriel Therapeutics (US), and Fougera Pharmaceuticals (US).
Sandoz is on Twitter. Sign up to follow @Sandoz_global at http://twitter.com/Sandoz_Global.

Novartis provides innovative healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis offers a diversified portfolio to best meet these needs: innovative medicines, eye care, cost-saving generic pharmaceuticals, preventive vaccines and over-the-counter products. Novartis is the only global company with leading positions in these areas. In 2014, the Group achieved net sales of USD 58.0 billion, while R&D throughout the Group amounted to approximately USD 9.9 billion (USD 9.6 billion excluding impairment and amortization charges). Novartis Group companies employ approximately 130,000 full-time-equivalent associates. Novartis products are available in more than 180 countries around the world. For more information, please visit www.novartis.com

////////////Carbotegravir, Dolutegravir, New Patent, WO 2016113372, Lek Pharmaceutical and Chemical Co DD

Cabotegravir, GSK 744

April 10, 2014 4:59 am / 1 Comment on Cabotegravir, GSK 744

Cabotegravir, GSK 744,

PMDA APPROVED 2022/5/31, JAPAN

(3S,11aR)-N-(2,4-Difluorobenzyl)-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide

3S, 1 1 aR)- N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3,5,7, 1 1 , 1 1 a-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-3- methyl-5,7- dioxo-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide

OTHER ISOMER

(3R,11 aS)-N-[(2,4-Diflυorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7, 11, 11a-hexahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide

VIIV HEALTHCARE …INNOVATOR

GSK1265744, CAS 1051375-10-0, S-265744 LAP

C19-H17-F2-N3-O5

405.3553

2D chemical structure of 1051375-10-0

744 LA
GSK 1265744
GSK 744
GSK-1265744A
GSK1265744
GSK1265744A
GSK744
GSK744 LA
GSK744 LAP
S-265744
S/GSK1265744

Product Ingredients

INGREDIENT	UNII	CAS	INCHI KEY
Cabotegravir sodium	3L12PT535M	1051375-13-3	AEZBWGMXBKPGFP-KIUAEZIZSA-M

Cabotegravir, sold under the brand name Vocabria among others, is a antiretroviral medication used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is available in the form of tablets and as an intramuscular injection, as well as in an injectable combination with rilpivirine under the brand name Cabenuva.^[6]^[9]

It is an integrase inhibitor with a carbamoyl pyridone structure similar to that of dolutegravir.^[10]

In December 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved cabotegravir for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in at-risk people under the brand name Apretude.^[11]

GSK744 (also known as S/GSK1265744) is an investigational new drug under development for the treatment of HIV infection. It is anintegrase inhibitor, with a carbamoyl pyridone structure similar to dolutegravir. In investigational studies, the agent has been packaged into nanoparticles (GSK744LAP) conferring an exceptionally long half-life of 21–50 days following a single dose. In theory, this would make possible suppression of HIV with dosing as infrequently as once every three months.^[1]

S-265744 LAP is in phase II clinical development at Shionogi-GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of HIV infection. Phase III clinical trials had been ongoing for this indication; however, no recent development has been reported for this study.

Cabotegravir, or GSK1265744, is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that is prescribed with the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, rilpivirine.^4,6,7 Early research into cabotegravir showed it had lower oral bioavailability than dolutegravir,⁴ which resulted in the development of long acting monthly intramuscular injection formulation for cabotegravir.^4,7

Cabotegravir was granted FDA approval on 21 January 2021 in combination with rilpivirine to treat HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed individuals.⁸ While previously administered once monthly only, this combination product was granted FDA approval for dosing every two months on February 01, 2022 ¹¹ and without the need for an oral lead-in period prior.⁷

The human immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”) is the causative agent for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (“AIDS”), a disease characterized by the destruction of the immune system, particularly of CD4⁺ T-cells, with attendant susceptibility to opportunistic infections, and its precursor Al DS-related complex (“ARC”), a syndrome characterized by symptoms such as persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, fever and weight loss. HIV is a retrovirus; the conversion of its RNA to DNA is accomplished through the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Compounds that inhibit the function of reverse transcriptase inhibit replication of HIV in infected cells. Such compounds are useful in the prevention or treatment of HIV infection in humans.

A required step in HIV replication in human T-cells is the insertion by virally-encoded integrase of proviral DNA into the host cell genome. Integration is believed to be mediated by integrase in a process involving assembly of a stable nucleoprotein complex with viral DNA sequences, cleavage of two nucleotides from the 3′ termini of the linear proviral DNA and covalent joining of the recessed 3′ OH termini of the proviral DNA at a staggered cut made at the host target site. The repair synthesis of the resultant gap may be accomplished by cellular enzymes. There is continued need to find new therapeutic agents to treat human diseases. HIV integrase is an attractive target for the discovery of new therapeutics due to its important role in viral infections, particularly HIV infections. Integrase inhibitors are disclosed in WO2006/116724.

(3S, 1 1 aR)- N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3,5,7, 1 1 , 1 1 a-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-3- methyl-5,7- dioxo-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide, a compound of formula (I), also referred to as compound (I), has proven antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

The present invention features pharmaceutical compositions comprising the active ingredient (3S, 1 1 aR)- N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3,5,7, 1 1 , 1 1 a-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-3- methyl-5,7- dioxo-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, suitable for administration once monthly or longer.

Medical uses

Cabotegravir in combination with rilpivirine is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in adults.^[1]^[5] The combination injection is intended for maintenance treatment of adults who have undetectable HIV levels in the blood (viral load less than 50 copies/mL) with their current antiretroviral treatment, and when the virus has not developed resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors.^[5] The tablets are used to check whether a person tolerates the treatment before the injection therapy is started.^[12]^[5]

The two medicines are the first antiretroviral drugs that come in a long-acting injectable formulation.^[12]

Cabotegravir (Apretude) is indicated for use in at-risk people weighing at least 35 kilograms (77 lb) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV.^[11]

Contraindications and interactions

Cabotegravir must not be combined with the drugs rifampicin, rifapentine, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin or phenobarbital, which induce the enzyme UGT1A1.^[5] These drugs significantly decrease cabotegravir concentrations in the body and thus may reduce its effectiveness.^[9]^[5] Additionally, they induce the enzyme CYP3A4, which leads to reduced rilpivirine concentrations in the body.^[5]^[13]^[14]^[15] Additionally, patients who are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed should not take Cabotegravir because it is not known if it will pass within the breast milk.^[16]

Adverse effects

The most common side effects of the injectable combination therapy with rilpivirine are reactions at the injection site (in up to 84% of patients) such as pain and swelling, as well as headache (up to 12%) and fever or feeling hot (in 10%). For the tablets, headache and a hot feeling were slightly less frequent. Less common side effects (under 10%) for both formulations are depressive disorders, insomnia, and rashes.^[9]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Cabotegravir is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor. This means it blocks the HIV’s enzyme integrase, thereby preventing its genome from being integrated into the human cells’ DNA.^[9] As this is a necessary step for the virus to replicate, its further spread is hampered.^[9]

Pharmacokinetics

Cabotegravir glucuronide, the main metabolite in human bile and urine^[17]

When taken by mouth, cabotegravir reaches highest blood plasma levels after three hours. Taking the drug together with food slightly increases its concentrations in the blood, but this is not clinically relevant. After injection into the muscle, cabotegravir is slowly absorbed into the bloodstream, reaching its highest blood plasma levels after about seven days.^[9]

Over 99% of the substance are bound to plasma proteins. The drug is inactivated in the body by glucuronidation, mainly by the enzyme UGT1A1, and to a much lesser extent by UGT1A9. More than 90% of the circulating substance are the unchanged cabotegravir, however. The biological half-life is 41 hours for the tablets and 5.6 to 11.5 weeks for the injection.^[9]

Elimination has only been studied for oral administration: Most of the drug is eliminated via the faeces in unchanged form (47%). It is not known how much of this amount comes from the bile, and how much was not absorbed in the first place. (The bile actually contains the glucuronide, but this could be broken up again in the gut lumen to give the parent substance that is observed in the faeces.) To a lesser extent it is excreted via the urine (27%), almost exclusively as the glucuronide.^[9]

Pharmacogenomics

UGT1A1 poor metabolizers have 1.3- to 1.5-fold increased cabotegravir concentrations in the body. This is not considered clinically significant.^[9]

Chemistry

Cabotegravir is a white to off-white, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in aqueous solutions under pH 9, and slightly soluble above pH 10. It is slightly acidic with a pK_a of 7.7 for the enolic acid and 1.1 (calculated) for the carboxamide. The molecule has two asymmetric carbon atoms; only one of the four possible configurations is present in the medication.^[18]

Formulation

In studies, the agent was packaged into nanoparticles (GSK744LAP) conferring a biological half-life of 21 to 50 days^{[citation needed]} following a single dose. The marketed injection achieves its long half-life not via nanoparticles but with a suspension of the free cabotegravir acid. The tablets contain cabotegravir sodium salt.^[18]

History

Cabotegravir was examined in the clinical trials HPTN 083 and HPTN 084.^[19]^[20] In 2020, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Vocabria intended for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination with rilpivirine injection.^[21] The EMA also recommended marketing authorization be given for rilpivirine and cabotegravir injections to be used together for the treatment of people with HIV-1 infection.^[12] Cabotegravir was approved for medical use in the European Union in December 2020.^[8]

Society and culture

Names

Cabotegravir is the United States Adopted Name (USAN)^[22] and the international nonproprietary name (INN).^[23]

Research

Pre-exposure prophylaxis

In 2020, results for some studies were released showing success in using injectable cabotegravir for long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with greater efficacy than the emtricitabine/tenofovir combination being widely used for PrEP at the time.^[24]^[25]

The safety and efficacy of cabotegravir to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV were evaluated in two randomized, double-blind trials that compared cabotegravir to emtricitabine/tenofovir, a once daily oral medication for HIV PrEP.^[11] Trial 1 included HIV-uninfected men and transgender women who have sex with men and have high-risk behavior for HIV infection.^[11] Trial 2 included uninfected cisgender women at risk of acquiring HIV.^[11]

In Trial 1, 4,566 cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men received either cabotegravir or emtricitabine/tenofovir.^[11] The trial measured the rate of HIV infections among trial participants taking daily cabotegravir followed by cabotegravir injections every two months compared to daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir.^[11] The trial showed participants who took cabotegravir had 69% less risk of getting infected with HIV when compared to participants who took emtricitabine/tenofovir.^[11]

In Trial 2, 3,224 cisgender women received either cabotegravir or emtricitabine/tenofovir.^[11] The trial measured the rate of HIV infections in participants who took oral cabotegravir and injections of cabotegravir compared to those who took emtricitabine/tenofovir orally.^[11] The trial showed participants who took cabotegravir had 90% less risk of getting infected with HIV when compared to participants who took emtricitabine/tenofovir.^[11]

In December 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved cabotegravir for pre-exposure prophylaxis.^[11] The FDA granted the approval of Apretude to Viiv.^[11]

Methods for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) are described in WO 2006/1 16764, WO2010/01 1814, WO2010/068262, and WO2010/068253

WO 2006116764

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006116764A1?cl=en

Figure imgf000058_0001

[Chemical formula 68] is UNDESIRED ISOMER………..amcrasto@gmail.com

Example Z-1:

(3R,11 aS)-N-[(2,4-Diflυorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7, 11, 11a

-hexahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide sodium salt.

(3R,11aS)-N-[(2,4-Diflυorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-6-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2,

3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide. To a solution of 16a (409 mg, 0.87 mmol) in dichloroethane (20 mL) was added (2R)-2-amino-1-propanol (0,14 mL, 1.74 mmol) and 10 drops of glacial acetic acid.

The resultant solution was heated at reflux for 2 h. Upon cooling, Celite was added

to the mixture and the solvents removed in vacuo and the material was purified via

silica gel chromatography (2% CH3OH/CH2CI2 gradient elution) to give

(3R⁾,11aS)-N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-6- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2,

3,5,7, 1 l , 11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazinc-8-carboxamide (396

mg, 92%) as a glass, ^JH NMR (CDCIo) δ 10.38 (m, 1 H), 8.42 (s, 1 H), 7,54-7,53 (m, 2

H), 7,37-7.24 (m, 4 H), 6.83-6,76 (m, 2 H), 5.40 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.22 (d, J = 10,0

Hz, 1 H), 5.16 (dd, J – 9,6, 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 4,62 (m, 2 H), 4.41 (m, 1 H), 4.33-4.30 (m, 2

H), 3.84 (dd, J= 12.0, 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.63 (dd, J= 8,4, 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 1.37 (d, J= 6.0 Hz,

3 H); ES⁺ MS: 496 (M+1).

(3R, 11aS)-N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7, 11, 1la

-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8^vcarboxamide sodium salt. To a

solution of

(37?, 11aS)-N-[(2,4-difluo]-ophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-6- [(phenylmethyl)oxy] -2,

3,5,7,11,11 a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide (396

mg, 0.80 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (25 mg). Hydrogen was

bubbled through the reaction mixture via a balloon for 2 h. The resultant mixture

was filtered through Celite with methanol and dichloromethanc. The filtrate was

concentrated in vacuo to give

(3R, l^] aS)-N-f(2,4-difliιorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7, υ , 11a- hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide as a pink tinted

white solid (278 mg, 86%), ¹H NMR (ODCU) δ 11.47 (m, 1 H), 10.29 (m, 1 H), 8,32 (s,

1 H), 7.36 (m, 1 H), 6.82 (m, 2 H), 5.31 (dd, J – 9.6, 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.65 (m, 2 H),

4,47-4,38 (m, 3 H), 3.93 (dd, J= 12.0, 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 3,75 (m, 1 H), 1.49 (d, J= 5.6 Hz,

3 H); BS¹ MS: 406 (M+ 1). The above material (278 mg, 0,66 mmol) was taken up

m cthanol (10 mL) and treated with 1 Nsodium hydroxide (aq) (0.66 mL, 0.66 mmol).

The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, Ether was

added and the liquids were collected to provide the sodium salt of the title compound

as a white powder (291 mg, 99%).^{‘ 1}H NMR (OMSO- do) δ 30.68 (m, 1 H), 7,90 (s, 1 H),

7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.20 (m, 1 H), 7,01 (m, 1 H), 5,20 (m, 1 H), 4,58 (m, I H), 4.49 (m, 2 H),

4.22 (m, 2 H), 3 74 (dd, J= 11.2, 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.58 (m, 1 H), 1.25 (d, J=- 4.4 Hz, 3 H)

DESIRED ISOMER………… ANY ERROR ………….amcrasto@gmail.com

Example Z-9-

(3£ 11aΛ^N-[(2.4-D-fluoroDhonyl)methyl] -6-hvdroxy-3-methyl-5.7-dioxo-2,3,5.7, n , 11 a

-hexahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazino-8-carboxamide sodium salt.

The title compound was made in two steps using a similar process to that described

in example Z-I. 16a (510 mg, 1.08 mmol) and (2«5)-2-amino-1-propanol (0.17 mL, 2,17 mmol) were reacted in 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) with acetic acid to give

(3S, 11aR)-i\A[(2,4-diflιιorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-5,7-d.ioxo-6-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2,

3,5,7,11,1la-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide (500

mg, 93%). This material was hydrogenated in a second step as described in example

Z- I to give

3S, 11a R)-7N-[(2,4-Diiαuorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7, 11, 11a-

hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyraziine-8-carboxamide (386 mg, 94%) as a

tinted white solid. Η NMR (CDCL₃) δ 11.46 (m, 1 H), 10.28 (m, 1 H), 8.32 (s, 1 H),

7.35 (m, 1 H), 6.80 (m, 2 H), 5.30 (dd, J = 10.0, 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.63 (m, 2 H), 4.48-4.37

(m, 3 H), 3.91 (dd, J = 12.0, 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.73 (m, 1 H), 1.48 (d, J – 6.0 Hz, 3 H);

ES ¹ MS: 406 (M+ 1). This material (385 mg, 0.95 mmol) was treated with sodium

hydroxide (0,95 mL, 1.0 M, 0.95 mmol) m ethanol (15 mL) as described in example Z-1

to provide its corresponding sodrum sail (381 mg, 94%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR

(DMSO- Λ) δ 10.66 (m, 1 PI), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.33 (m, 1 H), 7.20 (m, 1 H), 7.01 (m, 1 H),

5.19 (m, 1 H), 4.59 (m, 1 H), 4 48 (m, 2 H), 4.22 (m, 2 H), 3,75 (m, 1 H), 3.57 (m, 1 H),

1.24 (d, J= 5 6 Hz, 3 H).

…………………..

WO 2010068253

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2010068253A1?cl=en

Example A

The starting material of Example A is compound 8, which is identical to formula (Ia). Thus, Example A depicts a process in providing an intermediate for the compound of formula 17 below which is isomeric to the compound ZZ-2 at page 237 of WO 2006/116764 to Brian Johns et al.

Example Aa After dissolution of mixture of 320 g of compound 8 (1.0 eq.) in 3.20 L of MeOH by heating, the solution was concentrated. To the residue, 1.66 L of MeCN, 5.72 mL of AcOH(0.1 eq.) and 82.6 g of (S)-2-Amino-propan-1-ol(1.1 eq.) were added and the mixture was heated to 70 °C, stirred at 70 ⁰C for 4 h and concentrated. To the residue, 1.67 L of 2-propanol was added and the mixture was concentrated (twice). After cooling of the residue, filtration, washing with 500 mL of cold 2-propanol and drying provided 167 g of compound 14 (52% yield) as a crystal. ¹H NMR(300 MHz₁ CDCI₃) δ 7.61-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.20 (m, 4H), 6.53 (d, J = 7.2, 1H), 5.46 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (dd, J = 3.9, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.46- 4.34 (m, 1H)₁ 4.31 (dd, J = 6.6, 8.7 Hz, 1H)₁ 4.14 (dd, J = 3.9, 12.3 Hz₁ 1H)₁ 3.79 (dd, J = 9.9, 12.3 Hz₁ 1 H), 3.62 (dd, J = 6.9, 8.7 Hz₁ 1 H), 1.38 (d, J = 6.3 Hz₁ 3H).

Example Ab

To slurry of 156 g of compound 14 (1.0 eq.) in 780 ml_ of NMP was added 93.6 g of NBS(1.1 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was added to 3.12 L of H₂O. Filtration, washing with 8.0 L of H₂O and drying provided 163 g of compound 15 (84% yield) as a crystal.

¹H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-CT₆) δ 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.25 (m, 3H), 5.34 (dd, J = 3.6, 9.9 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (dd, J = 3.6, 12.0 Hz, 1H)₁ 4.40-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, J = 9.9, 11.7 Hz₁ 1H), 3.64 (dd, J = 5.7, 8.1 Hz₁ 1 H)₁ 1.27 (d, J = 6.3 Hz₁ 3H).

Example Ac

Under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere, a mixture of 163 g of compound 15 (1.0 eq.), 163 mL of /-Pr₂NEt(2.5 eq.), 68.4 ml_ of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine(1.5 eq.) and 22.5 g of Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.05 eq.) in 816 mL of DMSO was stirred at 90 ⁰C for 7 h. After cooling, removal of precipitate, washing with 50 mL of DMSO and addition of 11.3 g of

Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.025 eq.), the reaction mixture was stirred at 90 ⁰C for 2 h under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere again. After cooling, removal of precipitate and addition of 2.0 L of AcOEt and 2.0 L of H₂O₁ the organic layer was washed with 1.0 L of 1 N HCIaq. and 1.0 L of H₂O (twice) and the aqueous layer was extracted with 1.0 L of AcOEt. The organic layers were combined and concentrated. Silica gel column chromatography of the residue provided 184 g of compound 16 (96% yield) as foam.

¹H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 10.38 (t, J = 6.3 Hz₁ 1H)₁ 8.39 (s, 1H)₁ 7.75-7.25 (m, 7H), 6.90-6.70 (m, 2H), 5.43 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H)₁ 5.19 (dd, J = 3.9, 9.9 Hz, 1H)₁ 4.63 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.50-4.25 (m, 3H)₁ 3.86 (dd, J = 9.9, 12.3 Hz, 1H), , 3.66 (dd, J = 6.9, 8.4 Hz₁ 1 H), 1.39 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H).

Example Ad

Under hydrogen atmosphere, a mixture of 184 g of compound 16 (1.0 eq.) and 36.8 g of 10%Pd-C in 3.31 L of THF and 0.37 L of MeOH was stirred for 3 h. After filtration of precipitate(Pd-C), washing with THF/MeOH(9/1 ) and addition of 36.8 g of 10% Pd-C, the mixture was stirred for 20 min under hydrogen atmosphere. After filtration of precipitate(Pd-C) and washing with THF/MeOH(9/1), the filtrate was concentrated. After 200 ml_ of AcOEt was added to the residue, filtration afforded crude solid of compound 17. The precipitates were combined and extracted with 4.0 L of CHCl3/MeOH(5/1). After concentration of the CHCI₃ZMeOH solution and addition of 250 ml_ of AcOEt to the residue, filtration afforded crude solid of compound 17. The crude solids were combined and dissolved in 8.2 L of MeCN/H₂O(9/1 ) by heating. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated. To the residue, 1.5 L of EtOH was added and the mixture was concentrated (three times). After cooling of the residue, filtration and drying provided 132 g of compound 17 (88% yield) as a crystal. 1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 11.47 (brs, 1H), 10.31 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.40 (td, J = 8.6, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (ddd, J = 2.6, 9.4, 10.6, 1H), 7.11-7.01 (m, 1H), 5.39 (dd, J = 4.1, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (dd, J = 4.2, 12.3 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (dd, J = 6.8, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.36-^.22 (m, 1H)₁ 4.00 (dd, J = 10.2, 12.3 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (dd, J = 6.7, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H).

Example Ae

After dissolution of 16.0 g of compound 17 (1.0 eq.) in 2.56 L of EtOH and 0.64 L of H₂O by heating, followed by filtration, 39 ml_ of 1N NaOHaq.(1.0 eq.) was added to the solution at 75 ⁰C. The solution was gradually cooled to room temperature. Filtration, washing with 80 ml_ of EtOH and drying provided 13.5 g of compound 18 (80% yield) as a crystal.

¹H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 10.73 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.07-6.98 (m, 1H), 5.21 (dd, J = 3.8, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (dd, J = 3.8, 12.1 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.3CM.20 (m, 2H), 3.75 (dd, J = 10.0, 12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.65-3.55 (m, 1H), 1.27 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H).

………………

WO2010011814

http://www.google.st/patents/WO2010011814A1?cl=en&hl=pt-PT

Scheme 1

2a 2b

Scheme 2

Scheme 3

Scheme 4

phosphorylation

Scheme 5

Hydrogenolysis

The following examples are intended for illustratation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Preparation 1 : (3S.11 af?VΛ/-r(2.4-DifluoroDhenvnmethyll-6-hvdroxy-3-methyl-5.7-dioxo- 2,3,5,7, 11 ,11 a-hexahydroM ,31oxazolor3,2-alpyridori ,2-c/1pyrazine-8-carboxamide sodium salt (compound 1 b, scheme 2).

I) MsCI, Et₃N

2) DBU

P-1 P-2 P-3

a) Synthesis of 2-methyl-3-[(phenylmethvl)oxvl-4/-/-pvran-4-one (compound P-2). To a slurry of 2000 g of compound P-1(1.0 eq.) in 14.0 L of MeCN were added 2848 g of benzyl bromide(1.05 eq.) and 2630 g of K₂CO₃(1.2 eq.). The mixture was stirred at 80 ⁰C for 5 h and cooled to 13°C. Precipitate was filtered and washed with 5.0 L of MeCN. The filtrate was concentrated and 3.0 L of THF was added to the residue. The THF solution was concentrated to give 3585 g of crude compound P-2 as oil. Without further purification, compound P-2 was used in the next step. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 7.60 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.4-7.3 (m, 5H), 6.37 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 2.09 (s, 3H).

b) Synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-4H-pyran-4-one (compound P-3). To 904 g of the crude compound P-2 was added 5.88 L of THF and the solution was cooled to -60 ⁰C. 5.00 L of 1.0 M of Lithium bis(trimethylsilylamide) in THF(1.25 eq.) was added dropwise for 2 h to the solution of compound 2 at -60 ⁰C. Then, a solution of 509 g of benzaldehyde(1.2 eq.) in 800 ml. of THF was added at -60 ⁰C and the reaction mixture was aged at -60 ⁰C for 1 h. The THF solution was poured into a mixture of 1.21 L of conc.HCI, 8.14 L of ice water and 4.52 L of EtOAc at less than 2 ⁰C.

The organic layer was washed with 2.71 L of brine (twice) and the aqueous layer was extracted with 3.98 L of EtOAc. The combined organic layers were concentrated. To the mixture, 1.63 L of toluene was added and concentrated (twice) to provide toluene slurry of compound P-3. Filtration, washing with 0.90 L of cold toluene and drying afforded 955 g of compound P-3 (74% yield from compound P-1 ) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI₃) δ

7.62 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.5-7.2 (m, 10H), 6.38 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.16 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.09 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.95 (dd, J = 4.8, 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.01 (dd, J = 9.0, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 2.84 (dd, J = 4.8, 14.1 Hz, 1 H).

c) Synthesis of 2-[(£)-2-phenylethenyl]-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-4H-pyran-4-one (compound

P-4). To a solution of 882 g of compound P-3 (1.0 eq.) in 8.82 L of THF were added 416 g of Et₃N(1.5 eq.) and 408 g of methanesulfonyl chloride(1.3 eq.) at less than 30 ⁰C. After confirmation of disappearance of compound P-3, 440 ml. of NMP and 1167 g of DBU(2.8 eq.) were added to the reaction mixture at less than 30 ⁰C and the reaction mixture was aged for 30 min. The mixture was neutralized with 1.76 L of 16% sulfuric acid and the organic layer was washed with 1.76 L of 2% Na₂S0₃aq. After concentration of the organic layer, 4.41 L of toluene was added and the mixture was concentrated (tree times). After addition of 4.67 L of hexane, the mixture was cooled with ice bath. Filtration, washing with 1.77 L of hexane and drying provided 780 g of compound P-4 (94% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 7.69 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.50-7.25 (m, 10H), 7.22 (d, J = 16.2

Hz, 1 H), 7.03 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.41 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.27 (s, 2H). d) Synthesis of 4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-4H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (compound P-5). To a mixture of 822 g of compound P-4 (1.0 eq.) and 1 1.2 g of RuCI₃-nH₂O(0.02 eq.) in 2.47 L of MeCN, 2.47 L of EtOAc and 2.47 L of H₂O was added 2310 g of NalO₄(4.0 eq.) at less than 25 ⁰C. After aging for 1 h, 733 g of NaCIO₂(S-O eq.) was added to the mixture at less than 25 ⁰C. After aging for 1 h, precipitate was filtered and washed with 8.22 L of

EtOAc. To the filtrate, 1.64 L of 50% Na₂S₂0₃aq, 822 ml. of H₂O and 630 ml. of coc.HCI were added. The aqueous layer was extracted with 4.11 L of EtOAc and the organic layers were combined and concentrated. To the residue, 4 L of toluene was added and the mixture was concentrated and cooled with ice bath. Filtration, washing with 1 L of toluene and drying provided 372 g of compound P-5 (56% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz,

CDCI₃) δ 7.78 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.54-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.26 (m, 3H), 6.48 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.6 (brs, 1 H), 5.31 (s, 2H).

e) Synthesis of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyridinecarboxylic acid (compound P-6). A mixture of 509 g of compound P-5 (1.0 eq.) and

407 g of 3-amino-propane-1 ,2-diol(2.5 eq.) in 1.53 L of EtOH was stirred at 65 ⁰C for 1 h and at 80 ⁰C for 6 h. After addition of 18.8 g of 3-Amino-propane-1 ,2-diol(0.1 eq.) in 200 ml. of EtOH, the mixture was stirred at 80 ⁰C for 1 h. After addition of 18.8 g of 3-amino- propane-1 ,2-diol (0.1 eq.) in 200 ml. of EtOH, the mixture was stirred at 80 ⁰C for 30 min. After cooling and addition of 509 ml. of H₂O, the mixture was concentrated. To the residue,

2.54 L of H₂O and 2.54 L of AcOEt were added. After separation, the aqueous layer was washed with 1.02 L of EtOAc. To the aqueous layer, 2.03 L of 12% sulfuric acid was added at less than 12 ⁰C to give crystal of compound P-6. Filtration, washing with 1.53 L of cold H₂O and drying provided 576 g of compound P-6 (83% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.67 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.5-7.2 (m, 5H), 6.40 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.07

(s, 2H), 4.2-4.0 (m, 1 H), 3.9-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.38 (dd, J = 4.2, 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.27 (dd, J = 6.0, 10.8 Hz, 1 H).

f) Synthesis of methyl 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyridinecarboxylate (compound P-7). To a slurry of 576 g of compound P-6 (1.0 eq.: 5.8% of H₂O was contained) in 2.88 L of NMP were added 431 g of NaHCO₃(3.0 eq.) and 160 ml. of methyl iodide(1.5 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. After cooling to 5 ⁰C, 1.71 L of 2N HCI and 1.15 L of 20% NaClaq were added to the mixture at less than 10 ⁰C to give crystal of compound 7. Filtration, washing with 1.73 L of H₂O and drying provided 507 g of compound P-7 (89% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO- cfe) δ 7.59 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 5H), 6.28 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.21 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.12 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.07 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.83 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.97 (dd, J = 2.4, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.70 (dd, J = 9.0, 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.65-3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.40-3.28 (m, 1 H), 3.26-3.14 (m, 1 H).

g) Synthesis of methyl 1-(2,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-oxo-3-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 ,4-dihydro-2- pyridinecarboxylate (compound P-8). To a mixture of 507 g of compound P -7 (1.0 eq.) in

5.07 L of MeCN, 5.07 L of H₂O and 9.13 g of AcOH(0.1 eq.) was added 390 g of NaIO₄(1.2 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After addition of 1.52 L of 10% Na₂S₂OsBq., the mixture was concentrated and cooled to 10 ⁰C. Filtration, washing with H₂O and drying provided 386 g of compound P-8 (80% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.62 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.42-7.30 (m, 5H), 6.33 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H),

6.29 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.95-4.85 (m, 1 H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.74 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H).

h) Synthesis of (3S, 11 aR)-3-methyl-6-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2,3, 1 1 ,1 1a- tetrahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-c/]pyrazine-5,7-dione (compound P-9). After dissolution of mixture of 320 g of compound P-8 (1.0 eq.) in 3.20 L of MeOH by heating, the solution was concentrated. To the residue, 1.66 L of MeCN, 5.72 ml. of AcOH(0.1 eq.) and 82.6 g of (S)-2-Amino-propan-1-ol(1.1 eq.) were added and the mixture was heated to 70 ⁰C, stirred at 70 ⁰C for 4 h and concentrated. To the residue, 1.67 L of 2-propanol was added and the mixture was concentrated (twice). After cooling of the residue, filtration, washing with 500 ml. of cold 2-propanol and drying provided 167 g of compound P-9 (52% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 7.61-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.20 (m, 4H), 6.53 (d, J = 7.2, 1 H), 5.46 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.23 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.20 (dd, J = 3.9, 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.46-4.34 (m, 1 H), 4.31 (dd, J = 6.6, 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.14 (dd, J = 3.9, 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.79 (dd, J = 9.9, 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.62 (dd, J = 6.9, 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 1.38 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H).

i) Synthesis of (3 S, 1 1 aR)-8-bromo-3-methyl-6-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2,3, 11 ,11a- tetrahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-c/]pyrazine-5,7-dione (compound P-10). To slurry of 156 g of compound P-9 (1.0 eq.) in 780 ml. of NMP was added 93.6 g of NBS(1.1 eq.) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was added to 3.12 L of H₂O. Filtration, washing with 8.0 L of H₂O and drying provided 163 g of compound P-10 (84% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.37 (s, 1 H), 7.55- 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.25 (m, 3H), 5.34 (dd, J = 3.6, 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.18 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.03 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.53 (dd, J = 3.6, 12.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.40-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, J = 9.9, 1 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.64 (dd, J = 5.7, 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.27 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H). j) Synthesis of (3S,1 1aS)-Λ/-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-6- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2,3,5,7, 11 ,1 1 a-hexahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-c/]pyrazine-8- carboxamide (compound P-11). Under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere, a mixture of 163 g of compound P-10 (1.0 eq.), 163 mL of /-Pr₂NEt(2.5 eq.), 68.4 mL of 2,4- difluorobenzylamine(1.5 eq.) and 22.5 g of Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.05 eq.) in 816 mL of DMSO was stirred at 90 ⁰C for 7 h. After cooling, removal of precipitate, washing with 50 mL of DMSO and addition of 1 1.3 g of Pd(PPh₃)₄(0.025 eq.), the reaction mixture was stirred at 90 ⁰C for 2 h under carbon mono-oxide atmosphere again. After cooling, removal of precipitate and addition of 2.0 L of AcOEt and 2.0 L of H₂O, the organic layer was washed with 1.0 L of 1 N HCIaq. and 1.0 L of H₂O (twice) and the aqueous layer was extracted with 1.0 L of AcOEt.

The organic layers were combined and concentrated. Silica gel column chromatography of the residue provided 184 g of compound P-11 (96% yield) as foam. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 10.38 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.39 (s, 1 H), 7.75-7.25 (m, 7H), 6.90-6.70 (m, 2H), 5.43 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.24 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.19 (dd, J = 3.9, 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.63 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.50-4.25 (m, 3H), 3.86 (dd, J = 9.9, 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.66 (dd, J = 6.9, 8.4 Hz,

1 H), 1.39 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H).

k) Synthesis of (3S,1 1aR)-Λ/-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo- 2,3,5,7, 11 ,11 a-hexahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-c/]pyrazine-8-carboxamide (compound 1a). Under hydrogen atmosphere, a mixture of 184 g of compound P-11 (1.0 eq.) and 36.8 g of 10%Pd-C in 3.31 L of THF and 0.37 L of MeOH was stirred for 3 h. After filtration of precipitate(Pd-C), washing with THF/MeOH(9/1 ) and addition of 36.8 g of 10% Pd-C, the mixture was stirred for 20 min under hydrogen atmosphere. After filtration of precipitate(Pd-C) and washing with THF/MeOH(9/1 ), the filtrate was concentrated. After 200 mL of AcOEt was added to the residue, filtration afforded crude solid of compound 1 a.

The precipitates were combined and extracted with 4.0 L of CHCI₃/Me0H(5/1 ). After concentration of the CHCI₃/MeOH solution and addition of 250 mL of AcOEt to the residue, filtration afforded crude solid of compound 1a. The crude solids were combined and dissolved in 8.2 L of MeCN/H₂O(9/1 ) by heating. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated. To the residue, 1.5 L of EtOH was added and the mixture was concentrated

(three times). After cooling of the residue, filtration and drying provided 132 g of compound 1a (88% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.47 (brs, 1 H), 10.31 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.46 (s, 1 H), 7.40 (td, J = 8.6, 6.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.24 (ddd, J = 2.6, 9.4, 10.6, 1 H), 7.11- 7.01 (m, 1 H), 5.39 (dd, J = 4.1 , 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.89 (dd, J = 4.2, 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (dd, J = 6.8, 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.36-4.22 (m, 1 H), 4.00 (dd, J = 10.2, 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.67 (dd, J = 6.7, 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H).

I) Synthesis of (3S,1 1aR)-Λ/-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo- 2,3,5,7, 11 ,11 a-hexahydro[1 ,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1 ,2-c/]pyrazine-8-carboxamide sodium salt (compound 1 b). After dissolution of 16.0 g of compound 1a (1.0 eq.) in 2.56 L of EtOH and 0.64 L of H₂O by heating, followed by filtration, 39 ml. of 1 N NaOHaq.(1.0 eq.) was added to the solution at 75 ⁰C. The solution was gradually cooled to room temperature. Filtration, washing with 80 ml. of EtOH and drying provided 13.5 g of compound 1b (80% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.73 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 1 H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 1 H), 7.07-6.98 (m, 1 H), 5.21 (dd, J = 3.8, 10.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.58 (dd, J = 3.8, 12.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.51 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.30-4.20 (m, 2H), 3.75 (dd, J = 10.0, 12.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.65-3.55 (m, 1 H), 1.27 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H).

updates

An Efficient and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of GSK1265744, a Potent HIV Integrase Inhibitor

Huan Wang ^*†, Matthew D. Kowalski †, Ami S. Lakdawala ‡, Frederick G. Vogt §, and Lianming Wu §

^†Global API Chemistry, ^‡MDR Chemical Science,^§Analytical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States

Org. Lett., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/ol503580t

Publication Date (Web): January 23, 2015……..http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ol503580t

*E-mail: huan.2.wang@gsk.com.

A novel synthesis of GSK1265744, a potent HIV integrase inhibitor, is described. The synthesis is highlighted by an efficient construction of the densely functionalized pyridinone core as well as a highly diastereoselective formation of the acyl oxazolidine moiety. The latter exploits the target molecule’s ability to chelate to Mg²⁺, a key feature in the integrase inhibitor’s mechanism of action.

PAPER

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00031

Abstract

Bictegravir and dolutegravir are two recently approved integrase inhibitors for the treatment of HIV. A third inhibitor, cabotegravir, is in Phase 3 development. As a continuation of a series of articles on synthetic routes to newly approved drugs, the current article reviews the patent and journal literature regarding synthetic routes and final forms of these drug

Review of Synthetic Routes and Final Forms of Integrase Inhibitors Dolutegravir, Cabotegravir, and Bictegravir | Organic Process Research & Development

References

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^ “Summary for ARTG Entry: 323721 VOCABRIA cabotegravir (as sodium) 30 mg film-coated tablet, bottle”. Therapeutic Goods Administration. The G overnment of Australia. 13 August 2021.
^ “Vocabria Product information”. Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g “Vocabria- cabotegravir sodium tablet, film coated”. DailyMed. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b “FDA Approves First Extended-Release, Injectable Drug Regimen for Adults Living with HIV”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 21 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ “Apretude- cabotegravir kit”. DailyMed. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Vocabria EPAR”. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Retrieved 22 January 2021. Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ “Vocabria: EPAR – Product information” (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 5 January 2021.
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^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m “FDA Approves First Injectable Treatment for HIV Pre-Exposure Prevention”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 20 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c “First long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy for HIV recommended approval” (Press release). European Medicines Agency (EMA). 16 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020. Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
^ “Cabenuva- cabotegravir and rilpivirine kit”. DailyMed. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
^ “Edurant- rilpivirine hydrochloride tablet, film coated”. DailyMed. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
^ “Rilpivirine Monograph for Professionals”. Drugs.com. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
^ “A Treatment Option | CABENUVA (cabotegravir; rilpivirine)”. http://www.cabenuva.com. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
^ Patel M, Eberl HC, Wolf A, Pierre E, Polli JW, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ (August 2019). “Mechanistic Basis of Cabotegravir-Glucuronide Disposition in Humans”. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 370 (2): 269–277. doi:10.1124/jpet.119.258384. PMID 31175220. S2CID 182950312.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b “Vocabria: EPAR – Public assessment report” (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 5 January 2021.
^ “HPTN083 — Prevention Now”. HIV Prevention Trials Network. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
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^ “Adopted USANs” (PDF). American Medical Association. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
^ World Health Organization (2015). “International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 73”. WHO Drug Information. 29 (1): 70–1. hdl:10665/331088.
^ Ryan G (7 July 2020). “Injectable PrEP Is Even More Effective Than Daily Truvada”. Poz. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
^ Ryan G (9 November 2020). “For Women, Injectable Cabotegravir Is More Effective Than Truvada as PrEP”. Poz. Retrieved 9 November 2020.

External links

“Cabotegravir”. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

PrEP GSK744 Integrase Administered Monthly Perhaps Quarterly Prevents HIV-Infection in Monkeys. 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Atlanta, GA March 3–6, 2013.
http://www.natap.org/2013/CROI/croi_38.htm

SMILES [H][C@@]12CN3C=C(C(=O)NCC4=C(F)C=C(F)C=C4)C(=O)C(O)=C3C(=O)N1[C@@H](C)CO2

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SYN

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Dolutegravir HELP . ADDED TO AID HELP

Aoyama, Yasunori; Hakogi, Toshikazu; Fukui, Yuki; Yamada, Daisuke; Ooyama, Takao; Nishino, Yutaka; Shinomoto, Shoji; Nagai, Masahiko; Miyake, Naoki; Taoda, Yoshiyuki; Yoshida, Hiroshi; Yasukata, Tatsuro. Practical and Scalable Synthetic Method for Preparation of Dolutegravir Sodium: Improvement of a Synthetic Route for Large-Scale Synthesis. Organic Process Research & Development. Volume 23. Issue 4. Pages 558-564. Journal; Online Computer File. (2019).

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Rajan, Srinivasan Thirumalai; Eswaraiah, Sajja; Reddy, Ghojala Venkat; Reddy, Sagyam Rajeshwar; Markandeya, Bekkam; Rajesham, Boge. Novel crystalline polymorph of sodium (4R,12aS)-9-{[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]carbamoyl}-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1′,2′:4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazin-7-olate and process for preparation thereof. Assignee MSN Research & Development Center, India. IN 201641037221. (2018).

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Clinical data


Trade names	Vocabria, Apretude
Other names	S/GSK1265744, GSK744
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
MedlinePlus	a621010
License data	EU EMA: by INNUS DailyMed: Cabotegravir
Pregnancy category	AU: B1^[1]^[2]
Routes of administration	By mouth, intramuscular
ATC code	J05AJ04 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) ^[1]^[2]^[3]CA: ℞-only ^[4]US: ℞-only ^[5]^[6]^[7]EU: Rx-only ^[8]
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	>99%
Metabolism	UGT1A1
Metabolites	glucuronide
Elimination half-life	tablets: 41 hours injection: 5.6–11.5 weeks
Excretion	47% via faeces, 27% via urine
Identifiers
show IUPAC name
CAS Number	1051375-10-0as salt: 1051375-13-3
PubChem CID	54713659as salt: 46215800
DrugBank	DB11751as salt: DBSALT002064
ChemSpider	30829503as salt: 32702138
UNII	HMH0132Z1Qas salt: 3L12PT535M
KEGG	D10548as salt: D10549
ChEBI	CHEBI:172944as salt: CHEBI:172948
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2403238as salt: ChEMBL3137330
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID50146982
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₉H₁₇F₂N₃O₅
Molar mass	405.358 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive imageas salt: Interactive image
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Tag Archives: CARBOTEGRAVIR

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Carbotegravir, Dolutegravir, New Patent, WO 2016113372, Lek Pharmaceutical and Chemical Co DD

Lek, a Sandoz company, opens the first production facility in Slovenia for drug substances for innovative medicines at its Mengeš site

Lek, a Sandoz company, awarded for cooperation in practical training of students of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology

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Cabotegravir, GSK 744

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An Efficient and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of GSK1265744, a Potent HIV Integrase Inhibitor

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