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AVOSENTAN

January 9, 2014 8:08 am / Leave a comment

AVOSENTAN

N-[6-Methoxy-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(4-pyridyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-methylpyridine-2-sulfonamide

5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide,

5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide,

Endothelin ETA Receptor Antagonists

M.Wt: 479.51
Formula: C23H21N5O5S

Roche (Originator)

CAS No.: 290815-26-8

RO 67-0565
SPP 301
UNII-L94KSX715K

PHASE 3

CLINICAL TRIALS

http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=spp301+OR+Avosentan

SPP-301 is an oral, once-daily, second-generation endothelin ETA receptor antagonist which had been in phase III clinical development at Speedel for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. In December 2006, the company reported that the phase III trial had been stopped based on the recommendation from the trial’s Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) to stop the trial following incidence of a significant imbalance in fluid retention in patients in the study arms. Speedel reported that the compound will be evaluated for potential new clinical development for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease and other indications.

Originally developed by Roche and specifically optimized for improved liver safety, SPP-301 was licensed to Speedel in October 2000. In 2003, Speedel exercised its option to license from Roche all rights to SPP-301, including exclusive worldwide rights for the full development and commercialization of the ETA antagonist. SPP-301 has fast track designation and has undergone a special protocol assessment (SPA) by the FDA. Speedel had been studying the drug for the treatment of hypertension.

AVOSENTAN

290815-26-8 CAS

PATENTS

1. WO2000052007A1

2. WO 2004078104

3. WO 2005113543

4. WO 2007031501

5. WO 2008077916

6. Channels and transporters. Mini-symposium of the Division of Medicinal Chemistry (DMC) of the Swiss Chemical Society (SCS) at the Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, May 27, 2010.

Dutzler R, Ernstb B, Hediger MA, Keppler D, Mohr P, Neidhart W, Märki HP.Chimia (Aarau). 2010;64(9):662-6.

………………………

INTRODUCTION

5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide corresponding to the formula

is an inhibitor of endothelin receptors. WO00/52007 describes the preparation of said compound which is crystallized from Me2Cl2.
Own investigations have shown that there exist two distinct crystalline forms, hereinafter referred to as form A and form B, as well as a number of further solvates, in particular the methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dichloromethane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and tetrahydrofuran solvates.
It was further surprisingly found that the thermodynamically stable crystalline form – form B – can be prepared under controlled conditions and that said form B can be prepared with a reliable method in an industrial scale, which is easy to handle and to process in the manufacture and preparation of formulations.

………………..

US20020137933

4,6-Dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine (described in EP 0 799 209) can be transformed to the intermediate of formula (III)—according to scheme 1—on reaction with an appropriate sulfonamide of formula (II), wherein R¹is as defined in claim 1, in a suited solvent such as DMSO or DMF at room temperature or at elevated temperature and in the presence of a suited base such as potassium carbonate.

EXAMPLE 1

[0064] a) To a solution of 6.9 g sodium in MeOH (300 ml) were added 14.52 g of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide at RT and the mixture was refluxed for 5 days until completion of the reaction according to TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to half its volume upon which the crude reaction product precipitated as a sodium salt. It was filtered off by suction and dried in a high vacuum. The solid was dissolved in water, which was then made acidic by addition of acetic acid. The precipitating free sulfonamide was extracted into Me₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried over Mg₂SO₄, concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and the crystalline solid that had formed was filtered off. It was then dried in a high vacuum for 12 h at 120° C. to give the desired 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide as white crystals. Melting point 225-226° C. ISN mass spectrum, m/e 478.2 (M-1 calculated for C₂₃H₂₁N₅O₅S₁: 478).

[0065] C₂₃H₂₁N₅O₅S₁: Calc: C 57.61; H 4.41; N 14.61; S 6.69. Found: C 57.56; H 4.38; N 14.61; S 6.83

[0066] Preparation of the starting material:

[0067] b) 11.3 g of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine and 19.66 g of 5-methylpyridyl-2-sulfonamide potassium salt (preparations described in EP 0 799 209) were dissolved in DMF (255 ml) under argon. The solution was stirred for 2 h at 40° C. until completion of the reaction according to TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and the solvent removed in a high vacuum. The residue was suspended in water (850 ml), acetic acid (85 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at RT. The solid that precipitated was collected by filtration and dried in a high vacuum at 60° C. for 16 h to give 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide ( CHLORO STARTING MATERIAL) as yellow crystals. Melting point 177-179° C. ISN mass spectrum, m/e 482.2 (M-1 calculated for C₂₂H₁₈ClN₅O₅S₁: 482).

……………………………….

http://www.google.com/patents/US6417360

EXAMPLE 1

a) To a solution of 6.9 g sodium in MeOH (300 ml) were added 14.52 g of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide at RT and the mixture was refluxed for 5 days until completion of the reaction according to TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to half its volume upon which the crude reaction product precipitated as a sodium salt. It was filtered off by suction and dried in a high vacuum. The solid was dissolved in water, which was then made acidic by addition of acetic acid. The precipitating free sulfonamide was extracted into Me₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried over Mg₂SO₄, concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and the crystalline solid that had formed was filtered off. It was then dried in a high vacuum for 12 h at 120° C. to give the desired 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide as white crystals. Melting point 225-226° C. ISN mass spectrum, m/e 478.2 (M-1 calculated for C₂₃H₂₁N₅O₅S₁: 478).

C₂₃H₂₁N₅O₅S₁: Calc: C 57.61; H 4.41; N 14.61; S 6.69. Found: C 57.56; H 4.38; N 14.61; S 6.83

Preparation of the starting material:

b) 11.3 g of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine and 19.66 g of 5-methylpyridyl-2-sulfonamide potassium salt (preparations described in EP 0 799 209) were dissolved in DMF (255 ml) under argon. The solution was stirred for 2 h at 40° C. until completion of the reaction according to TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and the solvent removed in a high vacuum. The residue was suspended in water (850 ml), acetic acid (85 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at RT. The solid that precipitated was collected by filtration and dried in a high vacuum at 60° C. for 16 h to give 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amide as yellow crystals. Melting point 177-179° C. ISN mass spectrum, m/e 482.2 (M-1 calculated for C₂₂H₁₈ClN₅O₅S₁: 482).

…………………….

http://www.google.com/patents/EP0799209B1

SYNTHESIS OF

4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine

A BASIC STARTING MATERIAL FOR AVOSENTAN

- b) 53.1 g of 4-cyano-pyridine (98%) are added all at once to a solution of 1.15 g of sodium in 200 ml of abs. MeOH. After 6 hours 29.5 g of NH₄Cl are added while stirring vigorously. The mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. 600 ml of ether are added thereto, whereupon the precipitate is filtered off under suction and thereafter dried at 50°C under reduced pressure. There is thus obtained 4-amidino-pyridine hydrochloride (decomposition point 245-247°C).
- c) 112.9 g of diethyl (2-methoxyphenoxy)malonate are added dropwise within 30 minutes to a solution of 27.60 g of sodium in 400 ml of MeOH. Thereafter, 74.86 g of the amidine hydrochloride obtained in b) are added all at once. The mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight and evaporated at 50°C under reduced pressure. The residue is treated with 500 ml of ether and filtered off under suction. The filter cake is dissolved in 1000 ml of H₂O and treated little by little with 50 ml of CH₃COOH. The precipitate is filtered off under suction, washed with 400 ml of H₂O and dried at 80°C under reduced pressure. There is thus obtained 5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine-4,6-diol (or tautomer), melting point above 250°C.
- d) A suspension of 154.6 g of 5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine-4,6-diol (or tautomer) in 280 ml of POCl₃ is heated at 120°C in an oil bath for 24 hours while stirring vigorously. The reaction mixture changes gradually into a dark brown liquid which is evaporated under reduced pressure and thereafter taken up three times with 500 ml of toluene and evaporated. The residue is dissolved in 1000 ml of CH₂Cl₂, treated with ice and H₂O and thereafter adjusted with 3N NaOH until the aqueous phase has pH 8. The organic phase is separated and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with CH₂Cl₂. The combined CH₂Cl₂ extracts are dried with MgSO₄, evaporated to half of the volume, treated with 1000 ml of acetone and the CH₂Cl₂remaining is distilled off at normal pressure. After standing in a refrigerator for 2 hours the crystals are filtered off under suction and dried at 50°C overnight. There is thus obtained 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine, melting point 178-180°C.

…………………………

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2000052007A1

Preparation of the starting material:

5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2- methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl] -amide IE THE 6 CHLORO COMPD

b) 11.3 g of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine and 1 .66 g of 5-methylpyridyl-2-sulfonamide potassium salt (preparations described in EP 0 799 209) were dissolved in DMF (255 ml) under argon. The solution was stirred for 2 h at 40°C until completion of the reaction according to TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and the solvent removed in a high vacuum. The residue was suspended in water (850 ml), acetic acid (85 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at RT. The solid that precipitated was collected by filtration and dried in a high vacuum at 60 °C for 16 h to give 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2- methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl] -amide as yellow crystals. Melting point 177-179 °C. ISN mass spectrum, m/e 482.2 (M-l calculated for C₂₂Hi₈ClN₅O₅Sι: 482).

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Example 1AVOSENTAN

a) To a solution of 6.9 g sodium in MeOH (300 ml) were added 14.52 g of

5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl- pyrimidin-4-yl] -amide at RT and the mixture was refluxed for 5 days until completion of the reaction according to TLC analysis. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to half its volume upon which the crude reaction product precipitated as a sodium salt. It was filtered off by suction and dried in a high vacuum. The solid was dissolved in water, which was then made acidic by addition of acetic acid. The precipitating free sulfonamide was extracted into Me₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried over Mg SO , concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and the crystalline solid that had formed was filtered off. It was then dried in a high vacuum for 12 h at 120 °C to give the desired 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6- methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl] -amide as white crystals. Melting point 225-226 °C. ISN mass spectrum, m/e 478.2 (M-l calculated for

C₂₃H₂₁N₅O₅S₁: Calc: C 57.61; H 4.41; N 14.61; S 6.69. Found: C 57.56; H 4.38; N 14.61; S 6.83

…………………………………………….

IS DESCRIBED IN

http://www.google.com/patents/EP2331513A1?cl=en

ALSO

Diabetic nephropathy is the principle cause of end stage renal disease in the western world. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Type-I Diabetes, but is an increasing problem in Type-II Diabetes and because the incidence of this is five times that of Type-I Diabetes, it contributes at least 50% of diabetics with end stage renal disease.
The initial stage of subtle morphologic changes in the renal glomeruli is followed by microalbuminuria. This is associated with a modestly rising blood pressure and an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. There follows a continued increase in urinary protein excretion and declining glomerular filtration rate. Diabetic nephropathy has many possible underlying pathophysiological causes including metabolic, glycosylation of proteins, haemodynamics, altered flow/pressure in glomeruli, the development of hypertension and cytokine production; all of these are associated with the development of extracellular matrix and increased vascular permeability leading to glomerular damage and proteinuria.

WO2005113543A1 *	May 12, 2005	Dec 1, 2005	Alexander Bilz	Crystalline forms of a pyridinyl-sulfonamide and their use as endothelin receptor antagonists
WO2007031501A2 *	Sep 11, 2006	Mar 22, 2007	Speedel Pharma Ag	Pyridylsulfonamidyl-pyrimidines for the prevention of blood vessel graft failure
WO2008077916A1 *	Dec 21, 2007	Jul 3, 2008	Ovidiu Baltatu	Pharmaceutical composition using aliskiren and avosentan
EP1454625A1 *	Mar 6, 2003	Sep 8, 2004	Speedel Development AG	Pyridylsulfonamidyl-pyrimidines for the treatment of diabetic nephropathies
EP1595880A1 *	May 13, 2004	Nov 16, 2005	Speedel Pharma AG	Crystalline forms of a pyridinyl-sulfonamide and their use as endothelin receptor antagonists
EP1938812A1 *	Dec 22, 2006	Jul 2, 2008	Speedel Pharma AG	Pharmaceutical composition using aliskiren and avosentan
US6951856	Jul 10, 2001	Oct 4, 2005	Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	Arylethene-sulfonamides
US7402587	May 12, 2005	Jul 22, 2008	Speedel Pharma Ag	Crystalline forms of a pyridinyl-sulfonamide and their use as endothelin receptor antagonists

WO1996019459A1 *	Dec 8, 1995	Jun 27, 1996	Volker Breu	Novel sulfonamides
EP0713875A1 *	Nov 13, 1995	May 29, 1996	F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG	Sulfonamides
EP0897914A1 *	Aug 10, 1998	Feb 24, 1999	F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag	Process for the preparation of 2,5-disubstitued pyridines

TELMISARTAN ..Actavis’ Generic Version of Micardis Receives FDA Approval

January 9, 2014 7:01 am / 1 Comment on TELMISARTAN ..Actavis’ Generic Version of Micardis Receives FDA Approval

DUBLIN, Jan. 8, 2014 /PRNewswire/ — Actavis plc today announced that it has received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on its Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for Telmisartan Immediate-Release Tablets, 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg, a generic equivalent to Boehringer Ingelheim’s Micardis. Actavis intends to launch the product immediately.

http://www.drugs.com/news/actavis-version-micardis-receives-fda-approval-49915.html?utm_source=ddc&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Today%27s+news+summary+-+January+8%2C+2014

APREMILAST, … ORALLY ACTIVE PDE4 INHIBITOR

January 8, 2014 8:11 am / 4 Comments on APREMILAST, … ORALLY ACTIVE PDE4 INHIBITOR

APREMILAST

PDE4 inhibitor

N-{2-[(1S)-1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-4-yl}acetamide

(+)-2-[l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2- methanesulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindolin-l,3-dione,

(S)—N-{2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methanesulfonylethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-4-yl}acetamide
(S)-N-{2-[1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methanesulfonylethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-4-yl}acetamide
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₇S Molecular Weight: 460.50016

608141-41-9 CAS NO

Celgene (Originator)
CC-10004 (apremilast) is an oral compound that is being studied in multiple Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. We successfully completed our early stage studies, demonstrating clinical activity and tolerability and meeting safety endpoints in a placebo controlled proof-of mechanism trial in moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. With the initiation of six multi-center international clinical trials, we are advancing the clinical development of CC-10004.

CC-10004, , Apremilast (USAN), SureCN302992, Apremilast (CC-10004), QCR-202,

Apremilast
CC 10004
CC-10004
CC10004
UNII-UP7QBP99PN
CLINICAL TRIALS….http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=Apremilast+OR+CC-10004

Apremilast is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of PDE4 being developed byCelgene for ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis.^[1]^[2] The drug is currently in phase III trials for the three indications. Apremilast, an anti-inflammatory drug, specifically inhibits phosphodiesterase 4. In general the drug works on an intra-cellular basis to moderate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediator production.

APREMILAST

Apremilast is being tested for its efficacy in treating “psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet’s disease, and rheutmatoid arthritis.

“Apremilast is Celgene’s lead oral phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor and anti-TNF alpha agent in phase III clinical studies at Celgene for the oral treatment of moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis and for the oral treatment of psoriatic arthritis.

Early clinical development is also ongoing for the treatment of acne, Behcet’s disease, cutaneous sarcoidosis, prurigo nodularis, ankylosing spondylitis, atopic or contact dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. No recent development has been reported for research for the treatment of skin inflammation associated with cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

In 2011, Celgene discontinued development of the compound for the management of vision-threatening uveitis refractory to other modes of systemic immunosuppression due to lack of efficacy.

Celgene had been evaluating the potential of the drug for the treatment of asthma; however, no recent development has been reported for this research. The drug candidate is also in phase II clinical development at the William Beaumont Hospital Research Institute for the treatment of chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome and for the treatment of vulvodynia (vulvar pain).

In 2013, orphan drug designations were assigned to the product in the U.S. and the E.U. for the treatment of Behcet’s disease.

Celgene Corp has been boosted by more impressive late-stage data on apremilast, an oral drug for psoriatic arthritis, this time in previously-untreated patients.

The company is presenting data from the 52-week PALACE 4 Phase III study of apremilast tested in PsA patients who have not taken systemic or biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) at the American College of Rheumatology meeting in San Diego. The results from the 527-patient trial show that at week 16, patients on 20mg of the first-in-class oral inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) achieved an ACR20 (ie a 20% improvement in the condition) response of 29.2% and 32.3% for 30mg aapremilast, compared with 16.9% for those on placebo.

After 52 weeks, 53.4% on the lower dose and 58.7% on 30mg achieved an ACR20 response. ACR50 and 70 was reached by 31.9% and 18.1% of patients, respectively, for apremilast 30mg. The compound was generally well-tolerated and discontinuation rates for diarrhoea and nausea were less than 2% over 52 weeks.

Commenting on the data, Alvin Wells, of the Rheumatology and Immunotherapy Center in Franklin, Wisconsin, noted that apremilast demonstrated long-term safety and tolerability and significant clinical benefit in treatment-naive patients. He added that “these encouraging results suggest that apremilast may have the potential to be used alone and as a first-line therapy”. Celgene is also presenting various pooled data from the first three trials in the PALACE programme which, among other things, shows that apremilast significantly improves swollen and tender joints.

Treatment for PSA, which affects about 30% of the 125 million people worldwide who have psoriasis, currently involves injectable tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, notably AbbVie’s Humira (adalimumab) and Pfizer/Amgen’s Enbrel (etanercept), once patients have not responded to DMARDs (at least in the UK). While the biologics are effective, the side effect profile can be a concern, due to the risk of infection and tuberculosis and many observers believe that apremilast will prove popular with patients and doctors due to the fact that it is oral, not injectable.

Apremilast was filed for PsA with the US Food and Drug Administration in the first quarter and will be submitted on both sides of the Atlantic for psoriasis before year-end. The European filing will also be for PsA.

Apremilast impresses for Behcet’s disease

Celgene has also presented promising Phase II data on apremilast as a treatment for the rare inflammatory disorder Behcet’s disease. 71% of patients achieved complete response at week 12 in clearing oral ulcers

APREMILAST

“Apremilast Palace Program Demonstrates Robust and Consistent Statistically Significant Clinical Benefit Across Three Pivotal Phase III Studies (PALACE-1, 2 & 3) in Psoriatic Arthritis” (Press release). Celgene Corporation. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-10.
“US HOT STOCKS: OCZ, VeriFone, Men’s Wearhouse, AK Steel, Celgene”. The Wall Street Journal. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
Discovery of (S)-N-[2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methanesulfonylethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-4-yl] acetamide (apremilast), a potent and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor.

Man HW, Schafer P, Wong LM, Patterson RT, Corral LG, Raymon H, Blease K, Leisten J, Shirley MA, Tang Y, Babusis DM, Chen R, Stirling D, Muller GW.

J Med Chem. 2009 Mar 26;52(6):1522-4. doi: 10.1021/jm900210d.
Therapeutics: Silencing psoriasis.Crow JM.Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):S58-9. doi: 10.1038/492S58a. No abstract available.
NMR…http://file.selleckchem.com/downloads/nmr/S803401-Apremilast-HNMR-Selleck.pdf
WO 2003080049
WO 2013126495
WO 2013126360
WO 2003080049
WO 2006065814
US2003/187052 A1 …..MP 144 DEG CENT
US2007/155791
J. Med. Chem., 2008, 51 (18), pp 5471–5489

DOI: 10.1021/jm800582j
J. Med. Chem., 2011, 54 (9), pp 3331–3347

DOI: 10.1021/jm200070e

…………………………………………

INTRODUCTION

2-[l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4- acetylaminoisoindoline-l ,3-dione is a PDE4 inhibitor that is currently under investigation as an anti-inflammatory for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psoriasis and other allergic, autoimmune and rheumatologic conditions. S-enantiomer form of 2-[l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4- acetylaminoisoindoline-l ,3-dione can be prepared by reacting (5)-aminosulfone 1 with intermediate 2.

Existing methods for synthesizing (S)-aminosulfone 1 involve resolution of the corresponding racemic aminosulfone by techniques known in the art. Examples include the formation and crystallization of chiral salts, and the use of chiral high performance liquid chromatography. See, e.g., Jacques, J., et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); Wilen, S. H., et al, Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E. L., Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw Hill, NY, 1962); and Wilen, S. H., Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E.L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, 1972). In one example, as depicted in Scheme 1 below, (5)-aminosulfone 1 is prepared by resolution of racemic aminosulfone 3 with N-Ac-L-Leu. Racemic aminosulfone 3 is prepared by converting 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile 4 to enamine intermediate 5 followed by enamine reduction and borate hydrolysis. This process has been reported in U.S. Patent

Application Publication No. 2010/0168475.

CH₂CI₂, NaOH

Scheme 1

The procedure for preparing an enantiomerically enriched or enantiomerically pure aminosulfone, such as compound 1, may be inefficient because it involves the resolution of racemic aminosulfone 3. Thus, a need exists as to asymmetric synthetic processes for the preparation of an enantiomerically enriched or enantiomerically pure aminosulfone, particularly for manufacturing scale production. Direct catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of a suitable enamine or ketone intermediate is of particular interest because it eliminates the need for either classic resolution or the use of stoichiometric amount of chiral auxiliary, and thus, may be synthetically efficient and economical.

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SYNTHESIS OF KEY INTERMEDIATE

WO2013126495A2

Example 1

Synthesis of 1 -(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethenamine

[00232] A slurry of dimethylsulfone (85 g, 903 mmol) in THF (480 ml) was treated with a

1.6M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane (505 ml, 808 mmol) at 0 – 5 °C. The resulting mixture was agitated for 1 hour then a solution of 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile (80 g, 451 mmol) in THF (240 ml) was added at 0 – 5 °C. The mixture was agitated at 0 – 5 °C for 0.5 hour, warmed to 25 – 30 °C over 0.5 hour and then agitated for 1 hour. Water (1.4 L) was added at 25 – 30 °C and the reaction mass was agitated overnight at room temperature (20 – 30 °C). The solid was filtered and subsequently washed with a 2: 1 mixture of water :THF (200 ml), water (200 ml) and heptane (2 x 200 ml). The solid was dried under reduced pressure at 40 – 45 °C to provide the product as a white solid (102 g, 83% yield); 1H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 1.34 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 4.08 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 2H), 7.01 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 – 7.22 (m, 2H).

Example 2

Synthesis of (R)- 1 -(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanamine

[00233] A solution of bis(l,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate (36 mg, 0.074 mmol) and (i?)-l-[(5)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyldi-tert-butylphosphine (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in 25 mL of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol was prepared under nitrogen. To this solution was then charged l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethenamine (2.0 g, 7.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 50 °C and hydrogenated under 90 psig hydrogen pressure. After 18 h, the mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and removed from the hydrogenator. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by chromatography on a CI 8 reverse phase column using a water-acetonitrile gradient. The appropriate fractions were pooled and evaporated to -150 mL. To this solution was added brine (20 mL), and the resulting solution was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS0₄) and evaporated to provide the product as a white crystalline solid (1.4 g, 70% yield); achiral HPLC (Hypersil BDS C₈, 5.0 μπι, 250 x 4.6 mm, 1.5 mL/min, 278nm, 90/10 gradient to 80/20 0.1% aqueous TFA/MeOH over 10 min then gradient to 10/90 0.1% aqueous TFA/MeOH over the next 15 min): 9.11 (99.6%); chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD-H 5.0 μιη Daicel, 250 x 4.6 mm, 1.0 mL/min, 280 nm, 70:30:0.1 heptane-z-PrOH-diethylamine): 7.32 (97.5%), 8.26 (2.47%); 1H NMR (DMSO-de) δ 1.32 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 3H), 2.08 (s, 2H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 3.23 (dd, J= 3.6, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.41 (dd, J= 9.4, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 4.02 (q, J= 7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.26 (dd, J= 3.7, 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H); ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 14.77, 41.98, 50.89, 55.54, 62.03, 63.68, 111.48, 111.77, 118.36, 137.30, 147.93, 148.09. Example 3

Synthesis of (6 -l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethanamine N-Ac-L-Leu salt

[00234] A solution of bis(l,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate (17 mg, 0.037 mmol) and (5)-l-[(i?)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyldi-tert-butylphosphine (20 mg, 0.037 mmol) in 10 mL of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol was prepared under nitrogen. To this solution was then charged l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethenamine (2.0 g, 7.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to 50 °C and hydrogenated under 90 psig hydrogen pressure. After 18 h, the mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and removed from the hydrogenator. Ecosorb C-941 (200 mg) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. The mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filter was washed with additional trifluoroethanol (2 mL). Then, the mixture was heated to 55 °C, and a solution of N- acetyl-L-leucine (1.3 g, 7.5 mmol) was added dropwise over the course of 1 h. Stirring proceeded at the same temperature for 1 h following completion of the addition, and then the mixture was cooled to 22 °C over 2 h and stirred at this temperature for 16 h. The crystalline product was filtered, rinsed with methanol (2 x 5 mL), and dried under vacuum at 45 °C to provide the product as a white solid (2.6 g, 80% yield); achiral HPLC (Hypersil BDS Cg, 5.0 μιη, 250 x 4.6 mm, 1.5 mL/min, 278nm, 90/10 gradient to 80/20 0.1% aqueous TFA/MeOH over 10 min then gradient to 10/90 0.1% aqueous TFA/MeOH over the next 15 min): 8.57 (99.8%); chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD-H 5.0 μιη Daicel, 250 x 4.6 mm, 1.0 mL/min, 280 nm, 70:30:0.1 heptane-z-PrOH-diethylamine): 8.35 (99.6%); 1H NMR (DMSO-<¾) δ 0.84 (d, 3H), 0.89 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.33 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.41 – 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.62 (dt, J= 6.7, 13.5 Hz, 1H), 1.83 (s, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.28 (dd, J= 4.0, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.44 (dd, J= 9.1, 14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 4.02 (q, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.18 (q, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (dd, J= 4.0, 9.1 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (br, 3H), 6.90 (s, 2H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H); Anal. (C₂₀H₃₄N₂O₇S) C, H, N. Calcd C, 53.79; H, 7.67; N 6.27. Found C, 53.78; H, 7.57; N 6.18.

SUBSEQUENT CONVERSION

S-enantiomer form of 2-[l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4- acetylaminoisoindoline-l ,3-dione can be prepared by reacting (5)-aminosulfone 1 with intermediate 2.

……………………………………

APREMILAST

GENERAL SYNTHESIS AND SYNTHESIS OF APREMILAST

WO2012083153A1

(apremilast)

[0145] Preparation of 3-Ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile (Compound 2). 3-Ethoxy-

4-methoxybenzaldehyde (Compound 1, 10.0 gm, 54.9 mmol, Aldrich) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.67 gm, 65.9 mmol, Aldrich) were charged to a 250 mL three-necked flask at room temperature, followed by the addition of anhydrous acetonitrile (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for thirty minutes and then heated to reflux (oil bath at 85 °C). After two hours of reflux, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and added 50 mL of deionized water. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove acetonitrile and then transferred to a separatory funnel with an additional 80 mL of deionized water and 80 mL dichloromethane. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed successively with water (80 mL) and saturated sodium chloride (80 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate (approximately 20 gm). The organic layer was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. Purification by silica gel chromatography (0 to 1 % MeOH/DCM ) afforded 3-Ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile

(Compound 2) as a white solid (7.69 gm, 79 % yield). MS (ESI positive ion) m/z 178.1 (M + 1). HPLC indicated >99% purity by peak area. 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-c¾: δ ppm 1.32 (t, 3H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.05 (q, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H).

[0146] Preparation of l-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyi)-2-

(niethylsulfonyl)ethanamine (Compound 3). Dimethyl sulfone (2.60 gm, 27.1 mmol, Aldrich) and tetrahydrofuran (10 mL, Aldrich) were charged to a 250 mL three-necked flask at room temperature. The mixture was cooled to 0 – 5 °C, and the solution gradually turned white. n-Butyllithium (10.8 mL, 27.1 mmol, 2.5 M solution in hexanes, Aldrich) was added to the flask at a rate such that the reaction mixture was maintained at 5 – 10 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 – 5 °C for one hour, turning light-yellow. 3-Ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile (Compound 2, 4.01 gm, 22.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8 mL) was then charged to the flask at a rate such that the reaction mixture was maintained at 0 – 5 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 – 5 °C for another 15 minutes. After warming to room temperature, the reaction mixture was stirred for another 1.5 hours and then transferred to a second 250 mL three-necked flask containing a suspension of sodium borohydride (1.13 gm, 29.3 mmol, Aldrich) in

tetrahydrofuran (1 1 mL), maintained at – 5 – 0 °C for 30 minutes. Trifluoroacetic acid (“TFA,” 5.26 mL, 68.3 mmol, Aldrich) was charged to the flask at a rate such that the reaction mixture was maintained at 0 – 5 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 – 5 °C for 40 minutes and an additional 17 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then charged with 2.7 mL of deionized water over five minutes at room temperature. The mxiture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. Aqueous NaOH (10 N, 4.9 mL) was charged to the flask over 15 minutes at 45 °C. The mixture was stirred at 45 °C for two hours, at 60 °C for 1.5 hours, and at room temperature overnight. After approximately 17 hours at room temperature the mixture was cooled to 0 °C for thirty minutes and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual material was charged with deionized water (3 mL) and absolute ethanol (3 mL) and stirred at 0 – 5 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was filtered under vacuum, and the filtered solid was washed with cold absolute ethanol (3 x 5 mL), followed by deionized water until the pH of the wash was about 8. The solid was air dried overnight, and then in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for 17 hours to afford Compound 3 as a white solid (4.75 gm, 77 %). MS (ESI positive ion) m/z 274.1 (M + 1). Ή-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-c¾): δ ppm 1.32 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 2.08 (bs, 2H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 3.23 (dd, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (dd, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 4.01 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.25 (dd, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H).

[0147] Preparation of 4-Nitroisobenzofuran-l,3-dione (Compound 5). Into a 250 mL round bottom flask, fitted with a reflux condenser, was placed 3-nitrophthalic acid (21.0 gm, 99 mmol, Aldrich) and acetic anhydride (18.8 mL, 199 mmol, Aldrich). The solid mixture was heated to 85 °C, under nitrogen, with gradual melting of the solids. The yellow mixture was heated at 85 °C for 15 minutes, and there was noticeable thickening of the mixture. After 15 minutes at 85 °C, the hot mixture was poured into a weighing dish, and allowed to cool. The yellow solid was grinded to a powder and then placed on a cintered funnel, under vacuum. The solid was washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL), under vacuum and allowed to air dry overnight, to afford 4-nitroisobenzofuran-l ,3-dione, Compound 5, as a light-yellow solid (15.8 gm, 82 %). MS (ESI positive ion) m/z 194.0 (M + 1). TLC: Rf = 0.37 (10% MeOH/DCM with 2 drops Acetic acid) Ή-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-i¾: δ ppm 8.21 (dd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (dd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (dd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H).

[0148] Preparation of 2-(l-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyI)-2-

(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-4-nitroisoindoline-l,3-dione (Compound 6). Into a 2 – 5 mL microwave vial was added 4-nitroisobenzofuran-l ,3-dione (Compound 5, 0.35 gm, 1.82 mmol), the amino-sulfone intermediate (Compound 3, 0.50 gm, 1.82 mmol) and 4.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. The mixture was placed in a microwave at 125 °C for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes the acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure. The yellow oil was taken up in ethyl acetate and applied to a 10 gm snap Biotage samplet. Purification by silica gel chromatography (0 to 20 % Ethyl Acetate/Hexanes) afforded Compound 6 as a light-yellow solid (0.67 gm, 82 %). MS (ESI positive ion) m/z 449.0 (M + 1). TLC: Rf = 0.19

(EtOAc:Hexanes, 1 : 1). HPLC indicated 99% purity by peak area. Ή-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-c¾: δ ppm 1.32 (t, 3H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 4.21 (dd, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (dd, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.81 (dd, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J – 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (t, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (dd, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (dd, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H).

[0149] Preparation of 4-Amino-2-(l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-

(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)isoindoline-l,3-dione (Compound 7). Compound 6 (0.54 gm, 1.20 mmol) was taken up in ethyl acetate / acetone (1 : 1 , 24 mL) and flowed through the H-cube™ hydrogen reactor using a 10 % Pd/C CatCart™ catalyst cartridge system (ThalesNano, Budapest Hungary). After eluting, the yellow solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to give Compound 7 as a yellow foam solid (0.48 gm, 95 %). MS (ESI positive ion) m/z 419.1 (M + 1). 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-<¾): δ ppm 1.31 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 4.04 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.09 (m, 1H), 4.34 (m, 1H), 5.71 (dd, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (bs, 2H), 6.92-6.98 (m, 3H), 7.06 (bs, 1 H), 7.42 (dd, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H).

[0150] Preparation of N-(2-(l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-

(methylsuIfonyl)ethyl)-l,3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)acetamide (Apremilast, Compound 8).

Into a 2-5 mL microwave vial was placed Compound 7 (0.18 gm, 0.43 mmol), acetic anhydride (0.052 mL, 0.53 mmol) and acetic acid (4 mL). The microwave vial was placed into a Biotage microwave and heated to 125 ^°C for 30 minutes. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0 to 5% MeOH/DCM) to afford apremilast (Compound 8) as a yellow oil (0.14 gm, 71%). HPLC indicated 94.6% purity by peak area.

1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-c ₆): δ ppm 1.31 (t, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 4.01 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 4,14 (dd, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J = 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 7.06 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 9.72 (bs, 1H).

……………………..

SYNTHESIS

EP2501382A1

5. EXAMPLES

Certain embodiments provided herein are illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

5.1 PREPARATION OF (+)-2-[l-(3-ETHOXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)-2- METHANESULFONYLETHYLJ-4- ACETYL AMINOISOINDOLIN-1,3- DIONE (APREMILAST)

5.1.1 Preparation of 3-aminopthalic acid

10% Pd/C (2.5 g), 3-nitrophthalic acid (75.0 g, 355 mmol) and ethanol (1.5 L) were charged to a 2.5 L Parr hydrogenator under a nitrogen atmosphere. Hydrogen was charged to the reaction vessel for up to 55 psi. The mixture was shaken for 13 hours, maintaining hydrogen pressure between 50 and 55 psi. Hydrogen was released and the mixture was purged with nitrogen 3 times. The suspension was filtered through a celite bed and rinsed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was reslurried in ether and isolated by vacuum filtration. The solid was dried in vacua to a constant weight, affording 54 g (84%> yield) of 3-aminopthalic acid as a yellow product. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 3.17 (s, 2H), 6.67 (d, 1H), 6.82 (d, 1H), 7.17 (t, 1H), 8-10 (brs, 2H). ¹³C-NMR(DMSO-d₆) δ: 112.00, 115.32, 118.20, 131.28, 135.86, 148.82, 169.15, 170.09.

5.1.2 Preparation of 3-acetamidopthalic anhydride

A I L 3 -necked round bottom flask was equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, and condenser and charged with 3-aminophthalic acid (108 g, 596 mmol) and acetic anhydride (550 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours and cooled to ambient temperature and further to 0-5. degree. C. for another 1 hour. The crystalline solid was collected by vacuum filtration and washed with ether. The solid product was dried in vacua at ambient temperature to a constant weight, giving 75 g (61% yield) of 3-acetamidopthalic anhydride as a white product. 1H-NMR (CDCI₃) δ: 2.21 (s, 3H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 7.94 (t, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 9.84 (s, 1H).

5.1.3 Resolution of 2-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-l-(methylsulphonyl)- ethyl-2-amine

A 3 L 3 -necked round bottom flask was equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, and condenser and charged with 2-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-l-(methylsulphonyl)-eth-2-ylamine (137.0 g, 500 mmol), N-acetyl-L-leucine (52 g, 300 mmol), and methanol (1.0 L). The stirred slurry was heated to reflux for 1 hour. The stirred mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and stirring was continued for another 3 hours at ambient temperature. The slurry was filtered and washed with methanol (250 mL). The solid was air-dried and then dried in vacuo at ambient temperature to a constant weight, giving 109.5 g (98% yield) of the crude product (85.8% ee). The crude solid (55.0 g) and methanol (440 mL) were brought to reflux for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional 3 hours at ambient temperature. The slurry was filtered and the filter cake was washed with methanol (200 mL). The solid was air-dried and then dried in vacuo at 30°C. to a constant weight, yielding 49.6 g (90%> recovery) of (S)-2-(3-ethoxy-4- methoxyphenyl)-l-(methylsulphonyl)-eth-2-ylamine-N-acety 1-L-leucine salt (98.4% ee). Chiral HPLC (1/99 EtOH/20 mM KH₂P0₄ @pH 7.0, Ultron Chiral ES-OVS from Agilent Technologies, 150 mm.times.4.6 mm, 0.5 mL/min., @240 nm): 18.4 min (S-isomer, 99.2%), 25.5 min (R-isomer, 0.8%)

5.1.4 Preparation of (+)-2-[l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2- methanesulfonylethyl] -4-acetylaminoisoindolin- 1 ,3-dione

A 500 mL 3 -necked round bottom flask was equipped with a mechanical stirrer,

thermometer, and condenser. The reaction vessel was charged with (S)-2-(3-ethoxy-4- methoxyphenyl)-l-(methylsulphonyl)-eth-2-yl amine N-acetyl-L-leucine salt (25 g, 56 mmol, 98% ee), 3-acetamidophthalic anhydride (12.1 g, 58.8 mmol), and glacial acetic acid (250 mL). The mixture was refluxed over night and then cooled to <50°C. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. The resulting solution was washed with water (250 mL x

2), saturated aqeous NaHC0₃ (250 mL.times.2), brine (250 mL.times.2), and dried over sodium sulphate. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the residue recrystallized from a binary solvent containing ethanol (150 mL) and acetone (75 mL). The solid was isolated by vacuum filtration and washed with ethanol (100 mL.times.2). The product was dried in vacuo at 60°C. to a constant weight, affording 19.4 g (75% yield) of Compound 3 APREMILAST with 98% ee. Chiral HPLC (15/85 EtOH/20 mM KH₂P0₄ @pH 3.5, Ultron Chiral ES-OVS from Agilent Technology, 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 0.4 mL/min., @240 nm): 25.4 min (S-isomer, 98.7%), 29.5 min (R-isomer, 1.2%).

1H-NMR (CDC1₃) δ: 1.47 (t, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 3.68-3.75 (dd, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.07-4.15 (q, 2H), 4.51-4.61 (dd, 1H), 5.84-5.90 (dd, 1H), 6.82-8.77 (m, 6H), 9.46 (s, 1H).

¹³C-NMR(DMSO-d₆) δ: 14.66, 24.92, 41.61, 48.53, 54.46, 55.91, 64.51, 111.44, 112.40, 115.10, 118.20, 120.28, 124.94, 129.22, 131.02, 136.09, 137.60, 148.62, 149.74, 167.46, 169.14, 169.48.

…………………………………..

NMR

US20100129363

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.47 (t, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 3.68-3.75 (dd, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.07-4.15 (q, 2H), 4.51-4.61 (dd, 1H), 5.84-5.90 (dd, 1H), 6.82-8.77 (m, 6H), 9.46 (s, 1H). ¹³C-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 14.66, 24.92, 41.61, 48.53, 54.46, 55.91, 64.51, 111.44, 112.40, 115.10, 118.20, 120.28, 124.94, 129.22, 131.02, 136.09, 137.60, 148.62, 149.74, 167.46, 169.14, 169.48.

…………….

APREMILAST

J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52 (6), pp 1522–1524

DOI: 10.1021/jm900210d

^aReagents and conditions: (a) LiN(SiMe₃)₂, then Me₂SO₂/n-BuLi/BF₃Et₂O, −78 °C; (b) N-Ac-l-leucine, MeOH; (c) HOAc, reflux.

……………………

SARCOIDOSIS

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause. Sarcoidosis is characterized by the presence of granulomas in one or more organ systems. The most common sites of involvement are the lungs and the lymph nodes in the mediastinum and hilar regions. However, sarcoidosis is a systemic disease and a variety of organ systems or tissues may be the source of primary or concomitant clinical manifestations and morbidity. The clinical course of sarcoidosis is extremely variable, and ranges from a mild or even asymptomatic disease with spontaneous resolution to a chronic progressive disease leading to organ system failure and, in 1-5% of cases, death. See Cecil

Textbook of Medicine, 21st ed. (Goldman, L., Bennett, J. C. eds), W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2000, p. 433-436.

While the cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, a substantial body of information suggests that immune mechanisms are important in disease pathogenesis. For example, sarcoidosis is

characterized by enhanced lymphocyte and macrophage activity. See Thomas, P.D. and

Hunninghake, G.W., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1987, 135: 747-760. As sarcoidosis progresses, skin rashes, erythema nodosum and granulomas may form. Granulomas or fibrosis caused by sarcoidosis can occur throughout the body, and may affect the function of vital organs such as the lungs, heart, nervous system, liver or kidneys. In these cases, the sarcoidosis can be fatal. See

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sarcoidosis.html (accessed November 12, 2009).

Moreover, a variety of exogenous agents, both infectious and non-infectious, have been hypothesized as a possible cause of sarcoidosis. See Vokurka et ah, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1997, 156: 1000-1003; Popper et al, Hum. Pathol, 1997, 28: 796-800; Almenoff et al, Thorax, 1996, 51 : 530-533; Baughman et al., Lancet, 2003, 361 : 1111-1118. These agents include mycobaceria, fungi, spirochetes, and the agent associated with Whipple’s disease. Id.

Sarcoidosis may be acute or chronic. Specific types of sarcoidosis include, but are not limited to, cardiac sarcoidosis, cutaneous sarcoidosis, hepatic sarcoidosis, oral sarcoidosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, neurosarcoidosis, sinonasal sarcoidosis, Lofgren’s syndrome, lupus pernio, uveitis or chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis.

As the lung is constantly confronted with airborne substances, including pathogens, many researchers have directed their attention to identification of potential causative transmissible agents and their contribution to the mechanism of pulmonary granuloma formation associated with sarcoidosis. See Conron, M. and Du Bois, R.M., Clin. Exp. Allergy, 2001, 31 : 543-554; Agostini et al, Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. , 2002, 8: 435-440.

Corticosteroid drugs are the primary treatment for the inflammation and granuloma formation associated with sarcoidosis. Rizatto et al. , Respiratory Medicine, 1997, 91 : 449-460. Prednisone is most often prescribed drug for the treatment of sarcoidosis. Additional drugs used to treat sarcoidosis include methotrexate, azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, cyclophosphamide, minocycline, doxycycline and chloroquin. TNF-a blockers such as thalidomide and infliximab have been reported to be effective in treating patients with sarcoidosis. Baughman et al, Chest, 2002, 122: 227-232; Doty et al, Chest, 2005, 127: 1064-1071. Antibiotics have also been studied for the treatment of sarcoidosis, such as penicillin antibiotics, cephalosporin antibiotics, macrolide antibiotics, lincomycin antibiotics, and tetracycline antibiotics. Specific examples include minocycline hydrochloride, clindamycin, ampicillin, or clarithromycin. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0111956.

There currently lacks a Food and Drug Administration-approved therapeutic agent for the treatment of sarcoidosis, and many patients are unable to tolerate the side effects of the standard corticosteroid therapy. See Doty et al, Chest, 2005, 127: 1064-1071. Furthermore, many cases of sarcoidosis are refractory to standard therapy. Id. Therefore, a demand exists for new methods and compositions that can be used to treat patients with sarcoidosis.

……………..

PATENTS

US8242310	8-15-2012	PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF AMINOSULFONE COMPOUNDS
US2011269753	11-4-2011	HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS
US2011124702	5-27-2011	Nanosuspension of a Poorly Soluble Drug via Microfluidization Process
US2010129363	5-28-2010	METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS USING PDE4 INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF CANCERS

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TEDIGLUTIDE ..Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) analog; protects small intestinal stem cells from radiation damage.

January 8, 2014 5:14 am / Leave a comment

TEDUGLUTIDE
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) analog; protects small intestinal stem cells from radiation damage.

Gattex (teduglutide) is a recombinant analog of human glucagon-like peptide 2 for the treatment of adults with short bowel syndrome.

(Gly2)GLP-2
ALX 0600
ALX-0600
Gattex
Gly(2)-GLP-2
Teduglutide
UNII-7M19191IKG

[Gly2]hGLP-2, [Gly²]-hGLP-2, ALX-0600,

Gattex, Revestive

CAS number	197922-42-2

L-histidylglycyl-L-α-aspartylglycyl-L-seryl-L-phenylalanyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonyl-L-isoleucyl-L-leucyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-asparaginyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-asparaginyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-isoleucyl-L-threonyl-L-aspartic acid

Formula	C₁₆₄H₂₅₂N₄₄O₅₅S
Mol. mass	3752.082 g/mol

Gattex, ALX-0600, (Gly2)GLP-2, Gly(2)-GLP-2, ALX 0600, [Gly2]GLP-2, Glucagon-like peptide II (2-glycine) (human), UNII-7M19191IKG

LAUNCHED 2013, NPS Pharmaceuticals

APPROVAL FDA

Company: NPS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Date of Approval: December 21, 2012 FDA

NDA 203441

POWDER; SUBCUTANEOUS GATTEX

U-1320=TREATMENT OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME WHO ARE DEPENDENT ON PARENTERAL SUPPORT

Patent No	Patent Expiry Date	Patent use code
5789379	Apr 14, 2015	U-1320
7056886	Sep 18, 2022	U-1320
7847061	Nov 1, 2025	U-1320

Exclusivity Code	Exclusivity_Date
ORPHAN DRUG EXCLUSIVITY	Dec 21, 2019
NEW CHEMICAL ENTITY	Dec 21, 2017

SEE FDA

http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/203441Orig1s000lbl.pdf

CLINICAL TRIALS

http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=Teduglutide+OR+ALX-0600

The active ingredient in GATTEX (teduglutide [rDNA origin]) for injection is teduglutide (rDNA origin), which is a 33 amino acid glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog manufactured using a strain of Escherichia coli modified byrecombinant DNA technology. The chemical name of teduglutide is L-histidyl-L-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-glycyl-L-seryl-L-phenylalanyl-L-seryl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonyl-L-isoleucyl-L-leucyl-L-aspartyl-L-asparaginyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-asparaginyl-L-tryptophanyl-L-leucyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-isoleucyl-L-threonyl-L-aspartic acid. The structural formula is:

Figure 1: Structural formula of teduglutide

Teduglutide has a molecular weight of 3752 Daltons. Teduglutide drug substance is a clear, colorless to light-straw–colored liquid.

Each single-use vial of GATTEX contains 5 mg of teduglutide as a white lyophilized powder for solution for subcutaneous injection. In addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredient (teduglutide), each vial of GATTEX contains 3.88 mg L-histidine, 15 mg mannitol, 0.644 mg monobasic sodium phosphate monohydrate, 3.434 mg dibasic sodium phosphate heptahydrate as excipients. No preservatives are present.

At the time of administration the lyophilized powder is reconstituted with 0.5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, which is provided in a prefilled syringe. A 10 mg/mL sterile solution is obtained after reconstitution. Up to 0.38 mL of the reconstituted solution which contains 3.8 mg of teduglutide can be withdrawn for subcutaneous injection upon reconstitution.

Teduglutide (brand names Gattex and Revestive) is a 36-membered polypeptide andglucagon-like peptide-2 analog that is used for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. It works by promoting mucosal growth and possibly restoring gastric emptying and secretion.^[1] In Europe it is marketed under the brand Revestive by Nycomed. It was approved by the United States under the name Gattex on December 21, 2012.

Teduglutide is a proprietary analogue of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) which was approved in the U.S. in December 2012 for the once-daily treatment of short-bowel syndrome in adults who are dependent on parenteral support. Commercial launch took place in 2013.The product was filed for approval in the E.U. in 2011 by Nycomed for this indication. In June 2012, a positive opinion was received in the E.U. and final approval was assigned in September 2012.

At NPS Pharmaceuticals, the compound is in phase III clinical development for this indication in pediatric patients and in phase II clinical studies for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Preclinical studies are also ongoing at the company for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced enterocolitis and for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants.

Teduglutide has been found to induce intestinal hyperplasia, reduce apoptosis and inflammation and improve cell barrier integrity in animal models. In 2001, orphan drug designation was assigned to teduglutide for the treatment of short-bowel syndrome.

In 2007, the compound was licensed to Nycomed for development and commercialization outside the U.S., Canada and Mexico for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In 2012, the product was licensed to Neopharm by NPS Pharmaceuticals in Israel for development and commercialization for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

The estimated prevalence of short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients with non-malignant disease requiring home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is at least 40 per million of the U.S. population. SBS usually results from surgical resection of some or most of the small intestine for conditions such as Crohn’s disease, mesenteric infarction, volvulus, trauma, congenital anomalies, and multiple strictures due to adhesions or radiation. Surgical resection may also include resection of all or part of the colon. SBS patients suffer from malabsorption that may lead to malnutrition, dehydration and weight loss. Some patients can maintain their protein and energy balance through hyperphagia; more rarely they can sustain fluid and electrolyte requirements to become independent from parenteral fluid.

Although long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) is life saving in patients with intestinal failure, it is expensive, impairs quality of life and is associated with serious complications such as catheter sepsis, venous occlusions and liver failure. Treatments that amplify absolute intestinal absorption, and eliminate or minimize the need for PN have great potential significance to SBS patients.

The endogenous meal-stimulated hormone, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), raises considerable interest for SBS patients. GLP-2 functions to slow gastric emptying, reduce gastric secretions, increase intestinal blood-flow and stimulate growth of the small and large intestine. In animal studies, GLP-2 administration induces mucosal epithelial proliferation in the stomach and small and large intestine by stimulation of crypt cell proliferation and inhibition of enterocyte apoptosis.

SBS patients with end-jejunostomy and no colon have low basal GLP-2 levels and limited meal-stimulated GLP-2 secretion due to removal of GLP-2 secreting L-cells, which are located primarily in the terminal ileum and colon. This GLP-2 deficiency results in a minimal adaptive response following resection and could explain the gastric hypersecretion, rapid intestinal transit and lack of intestinal adaptation observed in these SBS patients.

Jeppesen et al. (Gastroenterology 2001; 120:806-815) have described positive benefit in an open-label study using pharmacologic doses of native GLP-2 in SBS jejunostomy patients. There was significant improvement in intestinal wet weight absorption and a more modest improvement in energy absorption that led to an increase in body weight, lean body mass and a rise in urinary creatinine excretion.

In contrast, SBS patients with colon-in-continuity have elevated basal endogenous GLP-2 levels resulting in an adaptive response to resection characterized by improved wet weight gain and energy absorption. The potential for added benefit of pharmacologic doses of GLP-2 receptor agonists in these patients is not obvious and has not been studied.

TEDUGLUTIDE

Jeppesen PB (May 2012). “Teduglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide 2 analog, in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome”. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 5 (3): 159–71. doi:10.1177/1756283X11436318. PMC 3342570. PMID 22570676.
US 2013157954
WO 2006050244
WO 2005021022
US 6586399
WO 2002066062
US 6297214
US 2001021767
WO 2001041779
WO 1999058144
WO 1998052600

Gattex Approved By FDA For Short Bowel Syndrome

Gattex (teduglutide) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to be used in patients that have short bowel syndrome and require parenteral nutrition.

The drug, once it is in the market, will compete against two others that have been approved by the FDA for this type of patient population. Those two medications are Nutrestore (glutamine) and Zorbtive (Somatropin).

Short bowel syndrome comes on following the removal surgically of part of the large or small intestine or part of both. Patients who are affected must have parenteral nutrition due to the poor absorption they have of nutrients and fluids. Teduglutide is injected one time each day and improves the absorption making it less important to have nutrition assistance.

The advisory committee for the FDA voted unanimously in October to recommend the drug’s approval after seeing the results from a pair of clinical trials that showed the advantage teduglutide had over just a placebo in at least a reduction of 20% in the amount of parenteral nutrition at 6 months.

During the first clinical trial, 46% of the patients that took the drug saw a level of reduction, which was compared to only 6% who had taken only a placebo. In the other study, the figure increased to 63%, while the placebo rated was up to 30%

The side effects most common found in those who use teduglutide during the trials included nausea, reactions around the injection site, abdominal pain abdominal distension and headaches.

………..

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US7411039	Oct 14, 2003	Aug 12, 2008	Novo Nordisk A/S	GLP-2 compounds, formulations, and uses thereof
EP1231219A1	Apr 11, 1997	Aug 14, 2002	1149336 Ontario Inc.	GLucagon-like peptide-2 analogs
WO1997039031A1	Apr 11, 1997	Oct 23, 1997	Allelix Biopharma	Glucagon-like peptide-2 analogs
WO1997039091A1	Apr 16, 1997	Oct 23, 1997	Burckett St Laurent James Char	Mid-chain branched surfactants
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THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

did you feel happy, a head to toe paralysed man’s soul in action for you round the clock

need help, email or call me

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I was paralysed in dec2007, Posts dedicated to my family, my organisation Glenmark, Your readership keeps me going and brings smiles to my family

CASOPITANT

January 7, 2014 10:23 am / 1 Comment on CASOPITANT

CASOPITANT

READ ALL AT

http://worlddrugtracker.blogspot.in/2014/01/casopitant.html

Aeterna Zentaris Submits New Drug Application to FDA for Macimorelin Acetate (AEZS-130) for Evaluation of AGHD

January 7, 2014 6:14 am / 2 Comments on Aeterna Zentaris Submits New Drug Application to FDA for Macimorelin Acetate (AEZS-130) for Evaluation of AGHD

New Drug Approvals

Macimorelin

CAS 381231-18-1

Chemical Formula: C26H30N6O3

Exact Mass: 474.23794

Molecular Weight: 474.55480

Elemental Analysis: C, 65.80; H, 6.37; N, 17.71; O, 10.11

zoom the structure

945212-59-9 (Macimorelin acetate)

AEZS-130
ARD-07
D-87875
EP-01572
EP-1572
JMV-1843

USAN (ab-26)
MACIMORELIN ACETATE

THERAPEUTIC CLAIM
Diagnostic agent for adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD)
CHEMICAL NAMES
1. D-Tryptophanamide, 2-methylalanyl-N-[(1R)-1-(formylamino)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-, acetate (1:1)
2. N2-(2-amino-2-methylpropanoyl-N1-[(1R)-1-formamido-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]- D-tryptophanamide acetate

MOLECULAR FORMULA
C26H30N6O3.C2H4O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
534.6

SPONSOR
Aeterna Zentaris GmbH
CODE DESIGNATIONS
D-87575, EP 1572, ARD 07
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
945212-59-9

Macimorelin (also known as AEZS-130, EP-1572) is a novel synthetic small molecule, acting as a ghrelin agonist, that is orally active and stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH). Based on results of Phase 1 studies, AEZS-130 has potential applications for the treatment of cachexia, a condition frequently associated with severe chronic diseases such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and AIDS. In addition to the therapeutic application, a Phase 3 trial with AEZS-130 as a…

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NETUPITANT

January 6, 2014 4:52 am / 2 Comments on NETUPITANT

NETUPITANT

Ro 67-3189/000
UNII-7732P08TIR
Ro-67-3189

Netupitant, an NK-1 antagonist is under development for the treatment of overactive bladder. HELSINN GROUP

CAS: 290297-26-6

290296-54-7 (di HCl)

U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,303,790, 6,531,597, 6,297,375 and 6,479,483, 6,719,996 and 6,593,472 to Hoffmann La Roche(originator).

IUPAC/Chemical name:

2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-N-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide

Chemical Formula: C30H32F6N4O
Exact Mass: 578.24803
Molecular Weight: 578.59
Elemental Analysis: C, 62.28; H, 5.57; F, 19.70; N, 9.68; O, 2.77

Netupitant is another selective NKi receptor antagonist under development by Helsinn Healthcare, having the formula 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N,2-dimethyl-N-[4-(2- methylphenyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin- l-yl)pyridin-3-yl]propanamide, or Benzeneacetamide, N,a,a-trimethyl-N-[4-(2-methylphenyl)-6-(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)-, and the below chemical structure:

Netupitant is a tachykinin NK-1 antagonist which had been in phase III clinical trials at Helsinn for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and in phase II clinical studies for the treatment of overactive bladder. However, no recent development has been reported for this research.

NK-1 receptor antagonists work by blocking the action of neurokinin-1 (Substance P), a naturally-occurring neurotransmitter in the brain that causes emesis. Netupitant was originally developed at Roche. In June 2005, Helsinn and Roche signed a licensing agreement granting Helsinn worldwide rights to the drug candidate.

Methods of synthesizing and formulating netupitant and its prodrugs are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,297,375, 6,719,996 and 6,593,472 to Hoffmann La Roche.

Netupitant is a highly selective NK1 receptor antagonist, which is thought to work by blocking the action of substance P, an endogenous neurotransmitter contained in high concentrations in the vomiting center of the brainstem that can stimulate the vomiting reflex. Netupitant is currently under phase III trials.

Chemotherapy is one of the treatment options utilized by oncologists in treating different types of cancers. Nausea and vomiting are the most common side-effects experienced by cancer patients when administered with chemotherapy. Netupitant-palonosetron, which is currently in Phase III trials helps in preventing CINV. The blockage of P/NK1 receptors by Netupitant in the central nervous system inhibits the binding of endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide substance and this result in preventing the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Moreover, Palonosetron helps in the blockage of serotonin at 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors and it also helps in the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Netupitant-Palonosetron FDC is estimated to answer significant unmet needs of the CINV market post its launch that is expected to be commercialized in 2014, as it would overcome the problems associated with current treatment with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Similar to Emend, Netupitant-Palonosetron FDC would gain considerable patient pool after its estimated launch in 2014, and subsequently match the patient share of Aloxi by 2018. Netupitant-Palonosetron FDC sales are expected to reach an estimated USD 515.0 million USD by 2018. FDC combination of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist have shown better efficacy results in Phase II clinical trials for CINV patients and would thus lead to high uptake due to shifting physician and patient preference pattern towards better treatment for CINV.

Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists are being developed for the treatment of a number of physiological disorders associated with an excess or imbalance of tachykinin, in particular substance P. Examples of conditions in which substance P has been implicated include disorders of the central nervous system such as anxiety, depression and psychosis (WO 95/16679, WO 95/18124 and WO 95/23798).

The neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists are further useful for the treatment of motion sickness and for treatment induced vomiting. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 340, No. 3 190-195, 1999 has been described the reduction of cisplatin-induced emesis by a selective neurokinin-l-receptor antagonist. US5,972,938 describes a method for treating a psychoimmunologic or a psychosomatic disorder by administration of a tachykinin receptor, such as NK-1 receptor antagonist.

With the development of the 5-HT₃ antagonist in the early 1990s, there emerged new strategies in the medical community to better control nausea and vomiting caused by various medical procedures, including chemotherapy (CINV), surgery (PONV), and radiation therapy (RINV). When added to steroids such as dexamethasone, several 5-HT₃ antagonists have been demonstrated to significantly improve the standard of life for patients undergoing emetogenic medical procedures. Examples of 5-HT₃ antagonists include ondansetron, marketed by

GlaxoSmithKline, and palonosetron, developed by Helsinn Healthcare.

Methods of synthesizing and formulating netupitant and its prodrugs are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,297,375, 6,719,996 and 6,593,472 to Hoffmann La Roche.

Other representative NKi antagonists include ZD4974 (developed by AstraZeneca), CGP49823 (developed by Ciba-Geigy), Lanepitant and LY686017 (developed by Eli Lilly), FK888 (developed by Fujisawa), Vofopitant, Vestipitant and Orvepitant (developed by

GlaxoSmithKline), Befetupitant (developed by Hoffmann-La Roche), Rl 16031 (developed by Janssen), L-733060 and L-736281 (developed by Merck), TKA731, NKP608 and DNK333 (developed by Novartis), CP-96345, CP-99994, CP- 122721, CJ-17493, CJ-11974 and CJ-11972 (developed by Pfizer), RP67580 and Dapitant (developed by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer),

Nolpitantium and SSR240600 (developed by Sanofi-Aventis), SCH388714 and Rolapitant (developed by Schering-Plough), TAK637 (developed by Takeda), HSP117 (developed by Hisamitsu), KRP103 (developed by Kyorin Pharm) and SLV317 (developed by Solvay).

Chemical structures of the above-mentioned NKi antagonists are shown below and discussion of those compounds as well as other NKi antagonists is present in Expert Opin. Ther. Patents (2010) 20(8), pp 1019- 1045 by Huang et al.

………………………………………………

WO 2013057554

WO 2011061622

WO 2010119347

WO 2003006016

WO 2006002860///

WO 2002085458

US 2002091265…….

…………………………………………………..

J. Org. Chem., 2006, 71 (5), pp 2000–2008

DOI: 10.1021/jo0523666

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jo0523666

…………………………………………..

https://www.google.co.in/patents/US6297375

(2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide) which has the formula Ib

and to pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

The compound of formula Ib and its salts is also characterized by valuable therapeutic properties as a highly selective antagonist of the Neurokinin 1 (NK-1, substance P) The present compound of formula lb and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by methods known in the art, for example, by processes described below, which process comprises

a) reacting the compound of formula

with the compound of formula

to the compound of formula

EXAMPLE 14

2-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide hydrochloride (1:2)

a) 1-Methyl-4-(5-nitro-pyridin-2-yl)-piperazine

To a solution of 20 g (126 mmol) of 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine in 200 ml tetrahydrofuran were added dropwise 35 ml (315 mmol) 1-methylpiperazine within 10 min. The reaction mixture was refluxed for additional 1.5 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was re-dissolved in 200 ml ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with 200 ml 1 N sodium bicarbonate solution, dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated to give 27.9 g (quantitative) of the title compound as a yellow solid.

MS m/e (%):223 (M+H⁺, 100).

b)2,2-Dimethyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-propionamide

To a solution of 27.9 g (125.5 mmol) of 1-methyl-4-(5-nitro-pyridin-2-yl)-piperazine in 400 ml methanol were added 2.6 g of 10% of palladium on activated charcoal. The reaction mixture was hydrogenated (room temperature to ca. 45° C., 1 bar) until the theoretical amount of hydrogen was taken up (about 2 h). The catalyst was filtered off and was washed twice with 100 ml portions of methanol. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give 28 g of a purple oil which consisted to ca. 90% of the desired aniline derivative according to analysis by thin layer chromatography.

This crude product was dissolved in a mixture of 400 ml tetrahydrofuran and 100 ml diethyl ether. After cooling to 0° C., 30 ml (215 mmol) of triethylamine were added in one portion. Stirring was continued while 26 g (215 mmol) of pivaloyl chloride were added dropwise within a period of 10 min. The ice bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. Then, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was suspended in 200 ml 1 N sodium bicarbonate solution. The product was extracted three times with 200 ml portions of dichloromethane, dried (sodium sulfate) and purified by flash chromatography to give 30 g (86%) of the title compound as pink crystals.

MS m/e (%):277 (M+H⁺, 100).

c) N-[4-Iodo-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

A solution of 30 g (108 mmol) 2,2-dimethyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-propionamide and 58 ml (380 mmol) N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine under argon in 650 ml tetrahydrofuran was cooled in a dry ice bath to −78° C. Within lh, 239 ml (380 mmol) of a 1.6 N n-butyllithium solution in hexane were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to −30° C. overnight. After cooling again to −78° C., 43.6 g (170 mmol) iodine dissolved in 60 ml tetrahydrofuran were added dropwise during 15 min. The dry ice bath was replaced by an ice bath and a solution of 90 g (363 mmol) sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate in 250 ml water were added within 10 min when the temperature of the reaction mixture had reached 0° C. Then, 1000 ml diethyl ether were added and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with 500 ml dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated. Flash chromatography gave 18.5 g (42%) of the title compound as a light brown oil which crystallized upon standing at room temperature.

MS m/e (%): 403 (M+H⁺, 100).

d) 2,2-Dimethyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-propionamide

A mixture of 54 g (134 mmol) N-[4-iodo-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide, 420 ml toluene, 150 ml 2 N sodium carbonate solution, 4.63 g (3.9 mmol) tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and 20.16 g (147 mmol) o-tolylboronic acid was heated under argon at 80° C. for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the aqueous phase was separated and washed twice with toluene. The combined organic layers were washed with 50 ml brine, dried (sodium sulfate), evaporated and dried in vacuo to yield 49 g (quantitative) of the title compound as a brown oil.

MS m/e (%): 367 (M+H⁺, 100).

e) 6-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-ylamine

A suspension of 56 g (152 mmol) 2,2-dimethyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-propionamide in 1300 ml 3 N hydrochloric acid solution was heated to 90-95° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, washed with three 500 ml portions diethyl ether and filtered over celite. The filtrate was diluted with 500 ml water and was adjusted to pH 7-8 by addition of 28% sodium hydroxide solution under ice cooling. The product was extracted with four 1000 ml portions of dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with 500 ml brine, dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated to give 35 g (82%) of the title compound as a light brown oil.

MS m/e (%):283 (M+H⁺, 100).

f) Methyl-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-amine

A solution of 35 g (124 mmol) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-ylamine in 270 ml trimethyl orthoformate and 8 drops trifluoroacetic acid was heated for 3 h at 130° C. The reaction mixture was evaporated and dried in vacuo for 30 min. The residual oil was dissolved in 100 ml tetrahydrofuran and was added dropwise under ice cooling to 9.4 g (248 mmol) lithium aluminum hydride in 300 ml tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture was stirred for lh at room temperature, cooled to 0° C. again and acidified (pH 1-2) by addition of 28% hydrochloric acid solution. After stirring for 5 min, 28% sodium hydroxide solution was added to reach pH 10. The solution was filtered over celite, evaporated and purified by flash chromatography to give 23.6 g (64%) of the title compound as a light brown oil.

MS m/e (%):297 (M+H⁺, 100).

g) 2-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide

A solution of 20 g (67.5 mmol) methyl-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-amine and 17.5 ml (101 mmol) N-ethyldiisopropylamine in 200 ml dichloromethane was cooled in an ice bath and a solution of 24 g (75 mmol)2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl chloride in 50 ml dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was warmed to 35-40° C. for 3 h, cooled to room temperature again and was stirred with 250 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to give 31.6 g (81%) of the title compound as white crystals. M.p. 155-157° C.

MS m/e (%): 579 (M+H⁺, 100).

h)2-(3,5-Bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide hydrochloride (1:2)

To a solution of 31.6 g (54.6 mmol)2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide in 250 ml diethyl ether were added under ice cooling 60 ml 3 N hydrochloric acid solution in diethyl ether. After stirring for 15 min at 0° C., the suspension was evaporated to dryness, re-suspended in 100 ml diethyl ether, filtered and dried in vacuo to give 34.8 g (98%) of the title compound as white crystals. M.p. 235-238° C.

MS m/e (%): 579 (M+H⁺, 100).

……………………………….

US20130231315

2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-N-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide (Netupitant)

Other general procedures of preparing similar compounds to intermediate 1 of Scheme 1 are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,303,790, 6,531,597, 6,297,375 and 6,479,483, the entirety of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Synthesis of methyl-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-amine

Step 1:

13.0 g (82.5 mMol) 6-Chloro-nicotinic acid in 65 ml THF were cooled to 0° C. and 206.3 ml (206.3 mMol) o-tolylmagnesium chloride solution (1M in THF) were added over 45 minutes. The solution obtained was further stirred 3 hours at 0° C. and overnight at room temperature. It was cooled to −60° C. and 103.8 ml (1.8 Mol) acetic acid were added, followed by 35 ml THF and 44.24 g (165 mMol) manganese(III) acetate dihydrate. After 30 minutes at −60° C. and one hour at room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered and THF removed under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between water and dichloromethane and extracted. The crude product was filtered on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate/toluene/formic acid 20:75:5) then partitioned between 200 ml aqueous half-saturated sodium carbonate solution and 100 ml dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed with 50 ml aqueous half-saturated sodium carbonate solution, The combined aqueous phases were acidified with 25 ml aqueous HCl 25% and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 10.4 g (51%) of 6-chloro-4-o-tolyl-nicotinic acid as a yellow foam. MS (ISN): 246 (M−H, 100), 202 (M-CO₂H, 85), 166 (36).

Step 2:

To a solution of 8.0 g (32.3 mMol) 6-chloro-4-o-tolyl-nicotinic acid in 48.0 ml THF were added 3.1 ml (42.0 mMol) thionylchloride and 143 .mu.l (1.8 mMol) DMF. After 2 hours at 50° C., the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and added to a solution of 72.5 ml aqueous ammonium hydroxide 25% and 96 ml water cooled to 0″C. After 30 minutes at 0° C., THF was removed under reduced pressure and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. Removal of the solvent yielded 7.8 g (98%) 6-chloro-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide as a beige crystalline foam. MS (ISP): 247 (M+H³⁰, 100).

Step 3:

1.0 g (4.05 mMol) 6-Chloro-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamidein 9.0 ml 1-methyl-piperazine was heated to 100° C. for 2 hours. The excess N-methyl-piperazine was removed under high vacuum and the residue was filtered on silica gel (eluent: dichloromethane) to yield 1.2 g (95%) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1yl)-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide as a light yellow crystalline foam. MS (ISP): 311 (M+H⁺, 100), 254 (62).

Step 4:

A solution of 0.2 g (0.6 mMol) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide in 1.0 ml methanol was added to a solution of 103 mg (2.6 mMol) sodium hydroxide in 1.47 ml (3.2 mMol) NaOCl (13%) and heated for 2 hours at 70° C. After removal of methanol, the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined. organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue filtered on silica gel (eluent: dichloromethane/methanol 4:1) to yield 100 mg (70%) 6-(4-methyl-piperazine-1-yl)-4o-tolyl-pyridin-3-ylamine as a brown resin. MS (ISP): 283 (M+H⁺, 100), 226 (42).

Step 5:

2.15 ml (11.6 mMol) Sodium methoxide in methanol were added over 30 minutes to a suspension of 0.85 g (4.6 mMol) N-bromosuccinimide in 5.0 ml dichloromethane cooled to −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred 16 hours at −5° C. Still at this temperature, a solution of 1.0 g (3.1 mMol) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-nicotinamide in 5.0 ml methanol was added over 20 minutes and stirred for 5 hours. 7.1 ml (7.1 mMol) Aqueous HCl 1N and 20 ml dichloromethane were added. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with deionized water. The aqueous phases were extracted with dichloromethane, brought to pH=8 with aqueous NaOH 1N and further extracted with dichloromethane. The latter organic, extracts were combined, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to yield 1.08 g (quant.) [6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-carbamic acid methyl ester as a grey foam. MS (ISP): 341 (M+H⁺, 100), 284 (35).

Step 6:

A solution of 0.5 g (1.4 mMol) [6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-carbamic acid methyl ester in 3.0 ml dichloromethane was added over 10 minutes to a solution of 1.98 ml (6.9 mMol) Red-Al.RTM. (70% in toluene) and 2.5 ml toluene (exothermic, cool with a water bath to avoid temperature to go >50° C.). The reaction mixture was stirred 2 hours at 50° C. in CH₂Cl₂, extracted with ethyl acetate and cooled to 0° C. 4 ml Aqueous NaOH 1N were carefully (exothermic) added over 15 minutes, followed by 20 ml ethyl acetate. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with deionized water and brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 0.37 g (89%) methyl-[6-4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-amine as an orange resin. MS (ISP): 297 (M+H⁺, 100).

Synthesis of 2-(3,5-bis-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl Chloride

15.0 g (50 mmol) 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionic acid were dissolved in 127.5 ml dichloromethane in the presence of 0.75 ml DMF. 8.76 ml (2 eq.) Oxalyl chloride were added and after 4.5 hours, the solution was rotary evaporated to dryness. 9 ml Toluene were added and the resulting solution was again rotary evaporated, then dried under high vacuum yielding 16.25 g (quant.) of 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl chloride as a yellow oil of 86% purity according to HPLC analysis. NMR (250 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.86 (br s, 1H); 7.77, (br s, 2H, 3 H_arom); 1.77 (s, 6H, 2 CH₃).

Synthesis of 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-N-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide (Netupitant)

A solution of 20 g (67.5 mmol) methyl-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-amine and 17.5 ml (101 mmol) N-ethyldiisopropylamine in 200 ml dichloromethane was cooled in an ice bath and a solution of 24 g (75 mmol)2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl chloride in 50 ml dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was warmed to 35-40° C. for 3 h, cooled to room temperature again and was stirred with 250 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane, The combined organic layers were dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to give 31.6 g (81%) of 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-N-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3yl)propanamide as white crystals. M.P. 155-157° C.; MS m/e (%): 579 (M+H⁺, 100).

…………………………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/US20130231315

N OXIDE SYNTHESIS

Synthesis of 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)2-(4-methylpiperazin-1yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide

Step 1:

The solution of 6-chloropyridin-3-amine (115 g, 0.898 mol) and (Boc)₂O (215.4 g, 0.988 mol) in 900 mL of dioxane was refluxed overnight. The resulting solution was poured into 1500 mL of water. The resulting solid was collected, washed with water and re-crystallized from EtOAc to afford 160 g tert-butyl (6-chloropyridin-3yl)carbamate as a white solid (Yield: 78.2%).

Step 2:

To the solution of tert-butyl (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)carbamate (160 g, 0.7 mol) in 1 L of anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (600 mL, L5 ml) at −78° C. under N₂atmosphere. After the addition was finished, the solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min, and the solution of I₂(177.68 g, 0.7 mol) in 800 mL of anhydrous THF was added. Then the solution was stirred at −78° C. for 4 hrs, TLC indicated the reaction was over. Water was added for quench, and EtOAc was added to extract twice. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and purified by flash chromatography to afford 80 g of tert-butyl (6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)carbamate as a yellow solid (32.3%).

Step 3:

To the solution of tert-butyl (6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)carbamate (61 g, 0.172 mol) in 300 of anhydrous THF was added 60% NaH (7.6 g, 0.189 mol) at 0° C. under N₂atmosphere. After the addition was finished, the solution was stirred for 30 min, and then the solution of MeI (26.92 g, 0.189 mol) in 100 mL of dry THF was added. Then the solution was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hrs. TLC indicated the reaction was over. Water was added for quench, and EtOAc was added to extract twice. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to afford 63 g of crude tert-butyl (6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)methyl)carbamate used into the following de-protection without the further purification.

Step 4:

To the solution of tert-butyl (6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate (62.5 g, 0.172 mol) in 500 mL of anhydrous DCM was added 180 mL of TFA. Then the solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs. Concentrated to remove the solvent, and purified by flash chromatography to afford 45.1 g 6-chloro-4-iodo-N-methylpyridin-3-amine as a yellow solid (Yield: 97.3%).

Step 5:

To the solution of 6-chloro-4-iodo-N-methylpyridin-3-amine (40.3 g, 0.15 mol) and 2-methylbenzene boric acid (24.5 g, 0.18 mol) in 600 mL of anhydrous toluene was added 400 mL of 2 N aq. Na₂CO₃solution, Pd(OAc)₂(3.36 g, 15 mmol) and PPh₃(7.87 g, 0.03 mmol), The solution was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hrs. Cooled to room temperature, and diluted with water. EtOAc was added to extract twice. The combined organic phases were washed with water and brine consecutively, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography to afford 19 g 6-chloro-N-methyl-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-amine as a white solid (Yield: 54.6%).

Step 6:

To the solution of 6-chloro-N-methyl-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-amine (18.87 g, 81.3 mmol) and DMAP (29.8 g, 243.9 mmol) in 200 mL of anhydrous toluene was added the solution of 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl chloride (28.5 g, 89.4 mmol) in toluene under N₂atmosphere. The solution was heated at 120° C. for 23 hrs. Cooled to room temperature, poured into 1 L of 5% aq. NaHCO₃solution, and extracted with EtOAc twice. The combined organic phases were washed by water and brine consecutively, dried. over Na₂SO₄, filtered and purified by flash chromatography to afford 35 g 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-(6-chloro-4-(4-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamide as a white solid (Yield: 83.9%).

Step 7:

To the solution of 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N-(6-chloro-4-(o-tolyl)pyridin-3-yl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamide (5.14 g, 10 mmol) in 60 mL of DCM was added m-CPBA (6.92 g, 40 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂atmosphere. Then the solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. 1 N aq. NaOH solution was added to wash twice for removing the excess m-CPBA. and a side product. The organic phase was washed by brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to afford 5.11 g of crude 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-2-chloro-4(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide as a white solid (Yield: 96.4%).

Step 8:

To the solution of crude 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-2-chloro-4-(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide (5.1 g, 9.62 mmol) in 80 mL of n-BuOH was added N-methylpiperazine (7.41 g, 74.1 mmol) under N₂atmosphere. Then the solution was stirred at 80° C. overnight. Concentrated and purified by flash chromatography to afford 4.98 g 5-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N,2-dimethylpropanamido)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(o-tolyl)pyridine 1-oxide as a white solid (Yield: 87.2%), ¹HNMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 2H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 5.50 (s, 3H), 2.72 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 4H), 2.57 (m, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.45-1.20 (m, 6H).

………………………………….

https://www.google.co.in/patents/US6479483

EXAMPLE 14 2-(3,5-bis-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperan-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide Hydrochloride (1:2)

a) 1-Methyl-4-(5-nitro-pyridin-2-yl)-piperazine

MS m/e (%): 223 (M+H⁺, 100).

b) 2,2-Dimethyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-3-yl-propionamide

MS m/e (%): 277 (M+H⁺, 100).

c) N-[4-Iodo-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

A solution of 30 g (108 mmol) 2,2-dimethyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-propionamide and 58 ml (380 mmol) N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine under argon in 650 ml tetrahydrofuran was cooled in a dry ice bath to −78° C. Within 1 h, 239 ml (380 mmol) of a 1.6 N n-butyllithium solution in hexane were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to −30° C. overnight. After cooling again to −78° C., 43.6 g (170 mmol) iodine dissolved in 60 ml tetrahydrofuran were added dropwise during 15 min. The dry ice bath was replaced by an ice bath and a solution of 90 g (363 mmol) sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate in 250 ml water were added within 10 min when the temperature of the reaction mixture had reached 0° C. Then, 1000 ml diethyl ether were added and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with 500 ml dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated. Flash chromatography gave 18.5 g (42%) of the tide compound as a light brown oil which crystallized upon standing at room temperature.

MS m/e (%): 403 (M+H⁺, 100).

d) 2,2-Dimethyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-propionamide

MS m/e (%): 367 (M+H⁺, 100).

e) 6-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-ylamine

MS m/e (%):283 (M+H⁺, 100).

f) Methyl-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-amine

A solution of 35 g (124 mmol) 6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-ylamine in 270 ml trimethyl orthoformate and 8 drops trifluoroacetic acid was heated for 3 h at 130° C. The reaction mixture was evaporated and dried in vacuo for 30 min. The residual oil was dissolved in 100 ml tetrahydrofuran and was added dropwise under ice cooling to 9.4 g (248 mmol) lithium aluminum hydride in 300 ml tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature, cooled to 0° C. again and acidified (pH 1-2) by addition of 28% hydrochloric acid solution. After stirring for 5 min, 28% sodium hydroxide solution was added to reach pH 10. The solution was filtered over celite, evaporated and purified by flash chromatography to give 23.6 g (64%) of the title compound as a light brown oil.

MS m/e (%): 297 (M+H⁺, 100).

g) 2-(3,5-bis-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide

A solution of 20 g (67.5 mmol) methyl-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]amine and 17.5 ml (101 mmol) N-ethyldiisopropylamine in 200 ml dichloromethane was cooled in an ice bath and a solution of 24 g (75 mmol) 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionyl chloride in 50 ml dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was warmed to 35-40° C. for 3 h, cooled to room temperature again and was stirred with 250 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried (magnesium sulfate) and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to give 31.6 g (81%) of the title compound as white crystals. M.p. 155-157° C.

MS m/e (%): 579 (M+H⁺, 100).

h) 2-(3,5-bis-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide Hydrochloride (1:2)

To a solution of 31.6 g (54.6 mmol) 2-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl]-isobutyramide in 250 ml diethyl ether were added under ice cooling 60 ml 3 N hydrochloric acid solution in diethyl ether. After stirring for 15 min at 0° C., the suspension was evaporated to dryness, re-suspended in 100 ml diethyl ether, filtered and dried in vacuo to give 34.8 g (98%) of the title compound as white crystals. M.p. 235-238° C.

MS m/e (%): 579 (M+H⁺, 100).

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Research and development of an efficient process for the construction of the 2,4,5-substituted pyridines of NK-1 receptor antagonists
Org Process Res Dev 2006, 10(6): 1157

Management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting : focus on newer agents and new uses for older agents.

Navari RM.

Drugs. 2013 Mar;73(3):249-62. doi: 10.1007/s40265-013-0019-1. Review.

Efficient synthesis of novel NK1 receptor antagonists: selective 1,4-addition of grignard reagents to 6-chloronicotinic acid derivatives. Hoffmann-Emery F, Hilpert H, Scalone M, Waldmeier P. J Org Chem. 2006 Mar 3;71(5):2000-8. Design and synthesis of a novel, achiral class of highly potent and selective, orally active neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists. Hoffmann T, Bös M, Stadler H, Schnider P, Hunkeler W, Godel T, Galley G, Ballard TM, Higgins GA, Poli SM, Sleight AJ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Mar 1;16(5):1362-5. Epub 2005 Dec 5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X05014824 ……………………………………. http://www.helsinn.com/public/download/HELSINN%20GROUP%20POWER%20POINT%20PRESENTATION.pdf ……………………………………………………….

US6897226 *	9 Jul 2003	24 May 2005	Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.	NK-1 receptor active amine oxide prodrugs
US7211579 *	15 Mar 2006	1 May 2007	Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.	NK-1 receptor antagonists
US8426450	23 May 2012	23 Apr 2013	Helsinn Healthcare Sa	Substituted 4-phenyl pyridines having anti-emetic effect
WO2011061622A1	18 Nov 2010	26 May 2011	Helsinn Healthcare S.A.	Compositions for treating centrally mediated nausea and vomiting
WO2013057554A2	10 Oct 2012	25 Apr 2013	Helsinn Healthcare Sa	Therapeutic combinations of netupitant and palonosetron

US8426450	23 May 2012	23 Apr 2013	Helsinn Healthcare Sa	Substituted 4-phenyl pyridines having anti-emetic effect
WO2011061622A1	18 Nov 2010	26 May 2011	Helsinn Healthcare S.A.	Compositions for treating centrally mediated nausea and vomiting
WO2013057554A2	10 Oct 2012	25 Apr 2013	Helsinn Healthcare Sa	Therapeutic combinations of netupitant and palonosetron

……………………………………………………………………………………….

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

did you feel happy, a head to toe paralysed man’s soul in action for you round the clock

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Palbociclib

January 5, 2014 3:20 am / 2 Comments on Palbociclib

PALBOCICLIB

Mechanism of action: selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6
Indication: Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), HER2-negative (HER2 -) breast cancer
Current Status: Phase III (US, UK, EU), (US Clinical trials numbers NCT01864746,NCT01740427, NCT01942135)
Expected Launch Date: 2015
Potential Sales(peak):$5 billion
Company:Pfizer

CHEMICAL NAMES
1. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one, 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-[[5-(1-
piperazinyl)-2-pyridinyl]amino]-
2. 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-{[5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-
yl]amino}pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one
MOLECULAR FORMULA C24H29N7O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 447.5
TRADEMARK None as yet
SPONSOR Pfizer Inc.
CODE DESIGNATION PD-0332991
CAS#: 571190-30-2 (PD0332991); 827022-32-2 (PD0332991 HCl salt) 827022-33-3 (palbociclib isethionate)

http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/usan/palbociclib.pdf FOR STRUCTURE AND DETAILS

recent studies have identified a number of selective CDK4 inhibitors that, as discussed above, may prove useful in treating cancer—either as anti-cancer agents or as chemoprotective agents—and in treating cardiovascular disorders, such as restenosis and atherosclerosis, diseases caused by infectious agents, and autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis. For a disclosure of these selective CDK4 inhibitors, see commonly assigned International Patent Application PCT/IB03/00059, filed Jan. 10, 2003 (the ‘059 application), which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

The ‘059 application discloses a particularly potent and selective CDK4 inhibitor, 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one:

In standard enzyme assays the compound of Formula 1 exhibits IC₅₀concentrations for CDK4 and CDK2 inhibition (at 25° C.) of 0.011 μM and >5 μM, respectively. For a discussion of standard CDK4 and CDK2 assays for IC₅₀determinations, see D. W. Fry et al., J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 16617-16623.

Though the compound of Formula 1 is a potent and selective CDK4 inhibitor, its use in pharmaceutical products presents challenges. For example, the free base has poor water solubility (9 μg/mL) and exhibits low bioavailability in animal studies. A di-HCl salt of the compound of Formula 1 appears to exhibit adequate water solubility. However, moisture uptake studies reveal that, even at low relative humidity (10% RH), the di-HCl salt absorbs water in an amount greater than about 2% of its mass, making it unsuitable for use in a solid drug product. A mono-HCl salt of the compound of Formula 1 is marginally hygroscopic, absorbing more than 2% of its mass at a relative humidity above 80%. However, the process for preparing the mono-HCl salt yields partially crystalline drug substance, indicating potential problems with process scale-up. Other salt forms of the compound of Formula 1 are thus needed.

Pfizer’s breast cancer drug Palbociclib (PD-0332991), a first in the class oral inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6, is widely seen by investors as Pfizer’s most valuable compound in late-stage development. The FDA awarded Palbociclib “breakthrough therapy designation” in April 2013 based on the preliminary phase 2 data showing palbociclib, combined with Novartis’ drug,Femara (Letrozole), stopped breast tumors progression for more than two years as compared with 7.5 months with letrozole alone. The phase 3 trial started in February 2013 and estimated final completion date is March 2016. Leerink Swann analyst Seamus Fernandez forecasts palbociclib could become a $5 billion drug, with potential for $3 billion in first-line metastatic breast cancer alone.

Palbociclib, also known as PD0332991, is an orally available pyridopyrimidine-derived cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. PD-0332991 selectively inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (particularly Cdk4/cyclin D1 kinase), which may inhibit retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation; inhibition of Rb phosphorylation prevents Rb-positive tumor cells from entering the S phase of the cell cycle (arrest in the G1 phase), resulting in suppression of DNA replication and decreased tumor cell proliferation. PD 0332991 is a highly specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) (IC50 = 0.011 μmol/L) and Cdk6 (IC50 = 0.016 μmol/L), having no activity against a panel of 36 additional protein kinases.

6-Acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one hydrochloride (also referred to as “Compound 1”),

as well as its intermediates. Compound 1 is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,936,612, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety. This compound is a protein kinase inhibitor and represents a synthetic, small molecule inhibitor capable of modulating cell cycle control.

A method of preparing Compound 1 is disclosed as Example 36 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 6,936,612. Methods of preparing the isethionate salt forms of Compound 1 are disclosed in Examples 1-13 of WO 2005/005426. These methods are for synthesis of small quantities of the salt forms of Compound 1 and are not designed for commercial scale-up. Therefore, a preparation of the salt forms for CDK inhibitor 6-Acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one hydrochloride which is cost-efficient, scaleable and productive is highly desirable.

USAN (zz-153)

PALBOCICLIB ISETHIONATE
THERAPEUTIC CLAIM Antineoplastic
CHEMICAL NAMES
1. Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, compd. with 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-
2-[[5-(1-piperazinyl)-2-pyridinyl]amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one (1:1)

2. 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-{[5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-
yl]amino}pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one mono(2-hydroxyethanesulfonate)

MOLECULAR FORMULA C24H29N7O2 . C2H6O4S
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 573.7
SPONSOR Pfizer, Inc.
CODE DESIGNATIONS PD 0332991-0054, PF-00080665-73
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 827022-33-3

PD 0332991-0054
PF-00080665-73
UNII-W1NYL2IRDR

SYNTHESIS

：WO2008032157

……………………………….

http://www.google.com/patents/US7781583

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1A Preparation of 4-[6-(6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

A suspension of 6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-2-methansulfinyl-5-methyl-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (10.00 g, 0.027 mol, prepared as in Example 6 of WO 01/707041, which is incorporated herein by reference) and 10.37 g (0.0373 mol) of 4-(6-amino-pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in toluene (100 mL) was heated under nitrogen in an oil bath for 7 hours. Thin layer chromatography (SiO₂, 10% MeOH/DCM) indicated the presence of both starting materials. The suspension was heated under reflux for an additional 18 hours. The resulting suspension was cooled to RT and filtered to give 4-[6-(6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5.93 g, 38%). Melting point>250° C. MS (APCI) M⁺+1: calc’d, 584.2, found, 584.2.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1B Preparation of 4-{6-[8-cyclopentyl-6-(1-ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

A suspension of 4-[6-(6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5.93 g, 0.010 mol, prepared as in Example 1A), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (1.40 g, 0.00121 mol), and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (5.32 mL, 0.0157 mol) in toluene (30 mL) was heated under reflux for 3.5 hours. The mixture was cooled and filtered to give a solid. Purification of the solid by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 5%-66% ethyl acetate/hexane over 15 minutes gave 4-{6-[8-cyclopentyl-6-(1-ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester as a yellow foam (4.50 g, 78%). MS (APCI) M⁺+1: calc’d 576.2, found, 576.3.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1C Preparation of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one hydrochloride

Hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled into an ice-bath cooled solution of 4-{6-[8-cyclopentyl-6-(1-ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (4.50 g, 0.00783 mol, prepared as in 2005-0059670A1) in DCM (100 mL). The resulting suspension was stoppered and stirred at RT overnight, then diluted with diethyl ether (200 mL). The solid was collected by filtration, washed with diethyl ether, and dried to give the hydrochloride salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one as a yellow solid (4.01 g, 92%). Melting point 200° C. HPLC, C18 reverse phase, 10%-95% gradient of 0.1% TFA/CH₃CN in 0.1% TFA/H₂O during 22 minutes: 99.0% at 11.04 minutes. MS (APCI) M⁺+1: calc’d, 448.2, found, 448.3. Anal. calc’d for C₂₄H₂₉N₇O₂.2.4H₂O.1.85 HCl: C, 51.64; H, 6.44; N, 17.56, Cl (total), 11.75. Found: C, 51.31; H, 6.41; N, 17.20; Cl (total), 12.11.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 4-(6-Nitro-pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

EXAMPLE 2A Preparation of 4-(6-Nitro-pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

To 1.0 kg (5 mol) 5-bromo-2-nitropyridine was added 1.2 kg (6.4 mol) boc piperazine (tert-Butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate) in 2.6 L DMSO and 0.5 kg triethylamine under nitrogen. The mixture was heated to 65-70° C. and held for 30 hours after which some solids precipitated. Water was added and the reaction cooled to 25° C. over 2 hrs. The resulting slurry was filtered, washed and dried at 45° C. to give 1.2 kg (79% crude yield) of canary yellow solid intermediate (2A), which was used without further purification in the subsequent step.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 4-(6-Nitro-pyridin-3-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2)

60.0 g of 20% Pd(OH)₂/C, 1213.1 g (3.9 moles) of intermediate 2a, and isopropanol were charged and stirred in a Parr reactor, then purged under gas, followed by removal of the catalyst under pressure. The filtrates were concentrated in vacuo at ˜20° C. leaving 917 g of dry brown powder (crude yield ˜84%).

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 2-Chloro-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one

EXAMPLE 3A Preparation of 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-cyclopentyl-aminopyrimidine

To 1 g (0.004 mol) of 5-bromo-2,4-dichloropyrimidine in ethanol was added 1.5 kg (0.018 mol) cyclopentylamine under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hrs. Water was added to precipitate the product, and the solid was recrystallized using hexane 4:1 to give a white crystalline product (3A).

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 2-Chloro-8-Cyclopentyl-5-methyl-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one

41.5 g (0.15 mol) of 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-cyclopentylaminopyrimidine 3a and 32.3 g (0.375 mol) of crotonic acid were mixed in 100 L of THF and 105 ml (1.6 mol) diisopropyl ethylamine under nitrogen. The slurry was stirred, evacuated and refilled with nitrogen three times, after which 860 mg (0.0022 mol) palladium dichloride dibenzonitrile complex and 685 mg (0.0022 mol) tri-ortho-tolylphosphine were added and the resulting slurry degassed an additional three times. The mixture was then heated and stirred at 70° C. for 16 hrs, after which 35 ml acetic anhydride was added and the mixture stirred for an additional 1.5 hrs. The mixture was cooled and diluted with 100 ml MTBE and then extracted with 1NHCl, then aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated in vacuo, and recrystallized from IPA to yield 31.2 g (68%) of crude product (3).

EXAMPLE 4 4-[6-(6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

EXAMPLE 4A Preparation of 2-chloro-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-one

10 g (0.04 mol) of intermediate 3 and 13 g (0.16 mol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 50 ml of glacial acetic acid and 12 g (0.08 mol) bromine under nitrogen. The solution was heated to 50° C. and stirred for 35 hrs, then cooled to room temperature. Sodium bisulfite solids were added until the bromine color disappeared, then quenched, filtered and washed to provide a solid which was subsequently dissolved in 500 ml hot IPA, filtered hot, and cooled. The resulting crystals were further filtered, and dried in vacuo at 65° C. to yield 8 g (61%) of crude product (4A).

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of 4-[6-(6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

3.78 g (2.10 equiv; 13.6 mmoles) of intermediate 1, 25 ml toluene and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in 1 M THF (13.6 mmoles; 13.6 mL; 12.1 g) were mixed for 10 min under nitrogen to form a dark solution. In a separate beaker the intermediate 4a (1.00 equiv, 6.47 mmoles; 2.50 g) was slurried in toluene then added to the mixture containing 1 and stirred for 30 min, after which the combined mixture was quenched with 25 ml 1 M sodium bicarbonate and then filtered. Alternatively, the combined mixture can be quenched with ammonium chloride. The filter cake was washed with toluene, then acetone, then water and dried at 60° C. to give 3.5 g (92%) of a grey-yellow solid 4.

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of 4-{6-[6-(1-butoxy-vinyl)-8-cycloentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

768 g (1.3 mol) of intermediate 4, was mixed with 395 g (3.9 mol) of butyl vinyl ether, 4.7 L of n-butanol, and 275 ml (1.6 mol) diisopropyl ethylamine under nitrogen. The slurry was stirred and placed under ca. 50 tore vacuum and then refilled with nitrogen; this was repeated 2 more times. To this degassed solution was added 22 g (0.03 mol) Bis-(diphenylphosphinoferrocene)palladium dichloride dichloromethane complex and the resulting slurry was degassed an additional three times as described above. The mixture was then heated and stirred at 95° C. for 20 hrs. The resulting thin red slurry was diluted with 4 L branched octane’s and cooled to about 5° C. after which 1 L saturated aq. potassium carbonate was added and the mixture was filtered and rinsed with 500 ml branched octanes. After drying for 16 hrs at 45° C., 664 g (83%) of gray-solid product (5) was obtained. In addition, column chromatography can be used to further purify the crude product.

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one

11.6 g (1.00 eq, 19.2 mmol) of intermediate 5, water (10.1 equiv; 193 mmoles; 3.48 mL; 3.48 g) and methanol (3.62 moles; 146 mL; 116 g) were combined and heated to 55-60° C. Isethionic acid was added slowly until a clear solution was obtained; 3.3 g isethionic acid solution was necessary to reach this end point. The resulting clear orange solution was filtered through paper and rinsed through with 20 ml methanol, after which the filtrate was reheated to 55-60° C. and the remaining isethionic acid was added (a total of 9.93 g was added). The reaction mixture precipitated and thickened for 6 hours, after which it was cooled and held at 30-35° C. while triethylamine (2.92 g; 28.8 mmoles) was added slowly as a 10% solution in methanol over 12 hrs. About halfway through the addition of triethylamine, desired polymorphic seeds were added to help formation of the desired polymorph. The resulting slurry was cooled and held at 5° C. for 15 minutes and the crystals were filtered and washed with methanol. The solid product was dried in vacuo at 55° C. to obtain 11 g of yellow crystals of the title compound.

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http://www.google.com/patents/US7345171

EXAMPLES

The following examples are intended to be illustrative and non-limiting, and represent specific embodiments of the present invention.

Example 1 Preparation of 4-[6-(6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

Example 2 Preparation of 4-{6-[8-cyclopentyl-6-(1-ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

A suspension of 4-[6-(6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5.93 g, 0.010 mol, prepared as in Example 1), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (1.40 g, 0.00121 mol), and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin (5.32 mL, 0.0157 mol) in toluene (30 mL) was heated under reflux for 3.5 hours. The mixture was cooled and filtered to give a solid. Purification of the solid by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of 5%-66% ethyl acetate/hexane over 15 minutes gave 4-{6-[8-cyclopentyl-6-(1-ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester as a yellow foam (4.50 g, 78%). MS (APCI) M⁺+1: calc’d 576.2, found, 576.3.

Example 3 Preparation of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one hydrochloride

Hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled into an ice-bath cooled solution of 4-{6-[8-cyclopentyl-6-(1-ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (4.50 g, 0.00783 mol, prepared as in Example 2) in DCM (100 mL). The resulting suspension was stoppered and stirred at RT overnight, then diluted with diethyl ether (200 mL). The solid was collected by filtration, washed with diethyl ether, and dried to give the hydrochloride salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one as a yellow solid (4.01 g, 92%). Melting point 200° C. HPLC, C18 reverse phase, 10%-95% gradient of 0.1% TFA/CH₃CN in 0.1% TFA/H₂O during 22 minutes: 99.0% at 11.04 minutes. MS (APCI) M⁺+1: calc’d, 448.2, found, 448.3. Anal. calc’d for C₂₄H₂₉N₇O₂.2.4H₂O.1.85 HCl: C, 51.64; H, 6.44; N, 17.56, Cl (total), 11.75. Found: C, 51.31; H, 6.41; N, 17.20; Cl (total), 12.11.

Example 4 Preparation of a mono-isethionate salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (Form B)

To a slurry of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (7.0 g, 15.64 mmol, prepared as in Example 3 following contact with NaOH) dispersed in 250 mL of water was added drop-wise 30 mL of a 0.52 M solution of isethionic acid in MeOH (15.64 mmol) to a pH of 5.2. The solution was filtered through a glass filter (fine) and the clear solution was freeze-dried to give 9.4 g of the amorphous salt. The amorphous salt (3.16 g) was mixed with 25 mL of MeOH and after almost complete dissolution a new precipitate formed. Another 25 mL of MeOH was added and the mixture was stirred at 46° C. to 49° C. for four hours. The mixture was slowly cooled to 32° C. and put in a cold room (+4° C.) overnight. A sample was taken for PXRD, which indicated formation of Form B. The mixture was filtered and the precipitate was dried overnight at 50° C. in a vacuum oven. This furnished 2.92 g of the mono-isethionate salt of the compound of Formula 1 in 92% yield. HPLC-99.25%, PXRD-Form B, CHNS, H-NMR were consistent with the structure.

Example 5 Preparation of a mono-isethionate salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (Form B)

MeOH (100 mL) was placed in a 250 mL flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermocouple/controller, condenser, and heating mantle and preheated to 35° C. An amorphous isethionate salt (2 g, prepared as in Example 4) was slowly added in three even portions with a 25 min to 30 min interval between the additions. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 35° C. and subsequently cooled. A sample was filtered and examined by PXRD. It was pure Form B. The whole reaction mixture was then used as Form B seeds in a larger scale experiment.

Example 6 Preparation of a mono-isethionate salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (Form B)

MeOH (50 mL) was placed in a 250 mL flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, condenser, thermocouple/controller, and heating mantle, and preheated to 40° C. An amorphous isethionate salt (1 g, prepared as in Example 4) was slowly added in three even portions with 30 min interval between the portions and then stirred overnight at 40° C. The reaction was monitored by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. The sample was taken, filtered and analyzed by PXRD. It was pure Form B by PXRD and Raman spectroscopy. The mixture was cooled to 25° C. at a rate of 3° C./h, cooled to −10° C., filtered, and vacuum dried to furnish 0.85 g of the Form B crystalline product.

Example 7 Preparation of a mono-isethionate salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (Form B)

The free base (Formula 1, 0.895 mg, 2 mmol) was mixed with 10 mL of MeOH and seeded with 33 mg of a mono-isethionate salt of the compound of Formula 1 (Form B). Then 5.6 mL of a 0.375 M solution of isethionic acid in MeOH (2.1 mmol) was added in 10 even portions over 75 min time period. The mixture was stirred for an additional hour and a sample was taken for PXRD analysis. It confirmed formation of crystalline Form B. The mixture was stirred at RT overnight and another PXRD was taken. There was no change in the crystal form. The mixture was cooled in a refrigerator at −8° C. overnight, filtered, and dried at 50° C. in a vacuum oven to give 1.053 g (91.8% of theory) of the above-named compound (Form B). HPLC—99.8%, CHNS, H-NMR, IR are consistent with the structure, PXRD-Form B.

Example 8 Preparation of a mono-isethionate salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (Form A)

An amorphous isethionate salt (47 mg, prepared as in Example 4) was mixed with 4 mL of EtOH in a 15 mL flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, thermocouple and condenser. The mixture was heated to reflux, which resulted in the formation of a nearly clear solution. After refluxing for 10-15 min, the mixture became cloudy. It was slowly cooled to 50° C. and was seeded at 69° C. with Form A. The mixture was held at 50° C. for 5 h and was allowed to cool to RT overnight. The mixture was subsequently cooled to 1° C. with an ice bath, held for 1.5 h, filtered, washed with 0.5 mL of cold EtOH, air-dried, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 70° C. overnight to furnished 38.2 mg of a fine crystalline material. The crystalline material was found to be mono-isethionate salt Form A by PXRD. H-NMR was consistent for the mono-isethionate salt and indicated the presence of residual EtOH ca. 5.9 mol % or 0.6 wt %.

Example 9 Preparation of a mono-isethionate salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (Form D)

An amorphous isethionate salt (9.0 g, prepared as in Example 4) was mixed with 300 mL of MeOH, stirred and heated to 63.8° C. (at reflux). To the slightly cloudy mixture was added two 50-mL portions of MeOH. The hot mixture was filtered into a 2-L flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The mixture was briefly heated to reflux and then cooled to 60° C. IPA (100 mL) was added to the mixture. The mixture was again heated to 60° C. and an additional 110 mL of IPA was added. A precipitate started to form at 59.7° C. The mixture was reheated to 67.5° C., cooled to 50° C., and held overnight. A sample was taken the next morning for PXRD analysis. The mixture was cooled to 25° C. at a rate of 3° C./h and another PXRD sample was taken when the mixture reached 28° C. The mixture was allowed to cool to RT overnight. A precipitate was collected and dried in a vacuum oven at 65° C. and 30 Torr. The procedure produced 7.45 g (82.8% yield) of the crystalline compound (Form D by PXRD analysis). Previously analyzed samples were also Form D. HPLC showed 98.82% purity and CHNS microanalysis was within +/−0.4%. A slurry of isethionate salt Form A, B, and D in MeOH yielded substantially pure Form B in less than three days.

Example 10 Preparation of isethionic acid (2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonic acid)

A 5-L, four-necked, round-bottomed flask, equipped with mechanical stirrer, thermocouple, gas sparger, and an atmosphere vent through a water trap was charged with 748 g (5.05 mol) of sodium isethionate (ALDRICH), and 4 L of IPA. The slurry was stirred at RT. An ice bath was used to keep the internal temperature below 50° C. as 925 g (25.4 mol) of hydrogen chloride gas (ALDRICH) was sparged into the system at a rate such that it dissolved as fast as it was added (as noted by lack of bubbling through the water trap). Sufficient HCl gas was added until the system was saturated (as noted by the start of bubbling through the water trap). During the addition of HCl, the temperature rose to 45° C. The slurry was cooled to RT and filtered over a coarse-fritted filter. The cake was washed with 100 mL of IPA and the cloudy filtrate was filtered through a 10-20μ filter. The resulting clear, colorless filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator, while keeping the bath temperature below 50° C. The resulting 1.07 kg of clear, light yellow oil was diluted with 50 mL of tap water and 400 mL of toluene and concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator for three days, while keeping the bath temperature below 50° C. The resulting 800 g of clear, light yellow oil was diluted with 500 mL of toluene and 250 mL of IPA and concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator for 11 days, keeping the bath temperature below 50° C. The resulting 713 g of clear, light yellow oil was titrated at 81 wt % (580 g, 91.1% yield) containing 7.9 wt % water and 7.5 wt % IPA.

Example 11 Preparation of 4-{6-[6-(1-butoxy-vinyl)-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

A 5-L, three-necked, round-bottomed flask, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermocouple, and a nitrogen inlet/outlet vented through a silicone oil bubbler was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and charged with 4-[6-(6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (300 g, 0.51 mol, prepared as in Example 2), butyl vinyl ether (154 g, 1.54 mol, ALDRICH), n-butanol (1.5 L, ALDRICH), and diisopropyl ethylamine (107 mL, 0.62 mol, ALDRICH). The slurry was placed under approximately 50 Torr vacuum and then refilled with nitrogen 3 times. To this was added 8.3 g (0.01 mol) bis-(diphenylphosphinoferrocene) palladium dichloride dichloromethane (JOHNSON MATTHEY, Lot 077598001) and the resulting slurry was purged an additional three times as described above. The mixture was then heated to 95° C. and stirred for 20 h. The resulting thin red slurry was diluted with 2 L of heptane and cooled to approximately 5° C. At this temperature, 400 mL saturated aqueous potassium carbonate was added and the mixture was filtered and rinsed with 250 mL of heptane. After drying in an oven for 16 h at 45° C., 231.7 g (75% yield) of the title compound was obtained as a yellow solid.

Example 12 Preparation of a mono-isethionate salt of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(5-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-8H-Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (Form B)

A 22-L, three-necked, round-bottomed flask, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermocouple, and a nitrogen inlet/outlet vented through a silicone oil bubbler was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and charged with 4-{6-[6-(1-butoxy-vinyl)-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (725 g, 1.20 mol, prepared as in Example 11) and MeOH (14 L). The slurry was stirred at RT as it was charged with a solution of isethionic acid (530 g, 4.20 mol, prepared as in Example 10), MeOH (1.5 L), and water (70 mL, 3.89 mol). The resulting slurry was heated to 55° C. over 30 minutes and then stirred at 55° C. for 30 minutes. A solution of 175 g (1.73 mol) of Et₃N (ALDRICH) in 200 mL of MeOH was charged to the slurry as it was cooled to 30° C. The slurry was held at 30° C. as a solution of 128 g (1.26 mol) of Et₃N in 2 L of MeOH was added dropwise over 6 hours. The resulting slurry was sampled to determine crystal form (Form B). The slurry was cooled and held at 5° C. for 15 minutes and was subsequently filtered through a coarse-fritted filter. The resulting filter cake was washed with multiple washes of 200 mL of cold MeOH. The solid product was dried at 55° C. under vacuum to yield 710 g (91% yield) of the title compound as yellow crystals.

1)Peter L. Toogood, Patricia J. Harvey, Joseph T. Repine, Derek J. Sheehan, Scott N. VanderWel, Hairong Zhou, Paul R. Keller, Dennis J. McNamara, Debra Sherry, Tong Zhu, Joanne Brodfuehrer, Chung Choi, Mark R. Barvian, and David W. Fry;Discovery of a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2005, 48(7),2388-2406;

2)Scott N. VanderWel, Patricia J. Harvey, Dennis J. McNamara, Joseph T. Repine, Paul R. Keller, John Quin III, R. John Booth, William L. Elliott, Ellen M. Dobrusin, David W. Fry, and Peter L. Toogood; Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones as Specific Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2005,48(7),2371-2387;

3)Erdman, David Thomas et al;Preparation of 2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones;PCT Int. Appl., WO2008032157

4)Sharpless, Norman E. et al;Hematopoietic protection against chemotherapeutic compounds using selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors;PCT Int. Appl., WO2010039997

5)Dirocco, Derek Paul et al;Protection of renal tissues from schema through inhibition of the proliferative kinases CDK4 and CDK6;PCT Int. Appl., WO2012068381

6)Logan, Joshua E.et al.;PD- 0332991, a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, demonstrates inhibition of proliferation in renal cell carcinoma at nanomolar concentrations and molecular markers predict for sensitivity; Anticancer Research (2013), 33(8), 2997-3004.

7)Phase III Study Evaluating Palbociclib (PD-0332991), a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) 4/6 Inhibitor in Patients With Hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-normal Primary Breast Cancer With High Relapse Risk After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy “PENELOPEB”;ClinicalTrials.gov number:NCT01864746;currently recruiting participants(as of January 2, 2013)

8)A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Phase 3 Study Of PD-0332991 (Oral CDK 4/6 Inhibitor) Plus Letrozole Versus Placebo Plus Letrozole For The Treatment Of Postmenopausal Women With ER (+), HER2 (-) Breast Cancer Who Have Not Received Any Prior Systemic Anti Cancer Treatment For Advanced Disease;ClinicalTrials.gov number:NCT01740427;currently recruiting participants(as of January 2, 2013)

9)Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial Of Fulvestrant (Faslodex®) With Or Without PD-0332991 (Palbociclib) +/- Goserelin In Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Whose Disease Progressed After Prior Endocrine Therapy;ClinicalTrials.gov number:NCT01942135;currently recruiting participants(as of January 2, 2013)

US6936612	Jan 16, 2003	Aug 30, 2005	Warner-Lambert Company	2-(Pyridin-2-ylamino)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones
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old info

Date: April 10, 2013

Pfizer Inc. said that its experimental pill for advanced, often deadly breast cancer has been designated as a breakthrough therapy by the Food and Drug Administration.

The breakthrough designation, created under legislation enacted last summer to fund and improve operations of the FDA, is meant to speed up development and review of experimental treatments that are seen as big advances over existing therapies for serious diseases. Pfizer is working with the agency to determine exactly what research results it will need to apply for approval of the drug.

Palbociclib is being evaluated as an initial treatment for the biggest subgroup of postmenopausal women whose breast cancer is locally advanced or has spread elsewhere in the body. About 60% of women with such advanced breast cancer have tumors classified as ER+, or estrogen-receptor positive, but HER2-, or lacking an excess of the growth-promoting protein HER2.

Estrogen-receptor positive tumors have proteins inside and on the surface of their cells to which the estrogen hormone can attach and then fuel growth of cells. These tumors tend to grow slowly and can be fought with drugs that block estrogen’s effects.

Meanwhile, about 80% of breast cancer tumor cells are HER2 negative. That means that unlike HER2 positive tumors, they don’t produce too much of the HER2 protein, which makes tumors grow and spread more aggressively than in other breast cancer types.

New York-based Pfizer is currently running a late-stage study of palbociclib at multiple centers, comparing its effects when used in combination with letrozole with the effects of letrozole alone.

Letrozole, sold under the brand name Femara for about the past 15 years, is a pill that works by inhibiting aromatase. That’s an enzyme in the adrenal glands that makes estrogen.

According to Pfizer, palbociclib targets enzymes called cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6. By inhibiting those enzymes, the drug has been shown in laboratory studies to block cell growth and suppress copying of the DNA of the cancer cells.

Pfizer, which has made research on cancer medicines a priority in recent years, also is testing palbociclib as a treatment for other cancers.

Highlight of recent study using PD-0332991

Phase I study of PD-0332991: Forty-one patients were enrolled. DLTs were observed in five patients (12%) overall; at the 75, 125, and 150 mg once daily dose levels. The MTD and recommended phase II dose of PD 0332991 was 125 mg once daily. Neutropenia was the only dose-limiting effect. After cycle 1, grade 3 neutropenia, anemia, and leukopenia occurred in five (12%), three (7%), and one (2%) patient(s), respectively. The most common non-hematologic adverse events included fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea. Thirty-seven patients were evaluable for tumor response; 10 (27%) had stable disease for ≥4 cycles of whom six derived prolonged benefit (≥10 cycles). PD 0332991 was slowly absorbed (median T(max), 5.5 hours), and slowly eliminated (mean half-life was 25.9 hours) with a large volume of distribution (mean, 2,793 L). The area under the concentration-time curve increased linearly with dose. Using an E(max) model, neutropenia was shown to be proportional to exposure. CONCLUSIONS:
PD 0332991 warrants phase II testing at 125 mg once daily, at which dose neutropenia was the sole significant toxicity. (Source: Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 568-76.)

Phase I study of PD-0332991 in 3-week cycles (Schedule 2/1): Six patients had DLTs (18%; four receiving 200 mg QD; two receiving 225 mg QD); the MTD was 200 mg QD. Treatment-related, non-haematological adverse events occurred in 29 patients (88%) during cycle 1 and 27 patients (82%) thereafter. Adverse events were generally mild-moderate. Of 31 evaluable patients, one with testicular cancer achieved a partial response; nine had stable disease (≥10 cycles in three cases). PD 0332991 was slowly absorbed (mean T(max) 4.2 h) and eliminated (mean half-life 26.7 h). Volume of distribution was large (mean 3241 l) with dose-proportional exposure. Using a maximum effective concentration model, neutropenia was proportional to exposure. CONCLUSION: PD 0332991 was generally well tolerated, with DLTs related mainly to myelosuppression. The MTD, 200 mg QD, is recommended for phase II study. (source: Br J Cancer. 2011 Jun 7;104(12):1862-8)

References

1: Flaherty KT, Lorusso PM, Demichele A, Abramson VG, Courtney R, Randolph SS, Shaik MN, Wilner KD, O’Dwyer PJ, Schwartz GK. Phase I, dose-escalation trial of the oral cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor PD 0332991, administered using a 21-day schedule in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 15;18(2):568-76. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0509. Epub 2011 Nov 16. PubMed PMID: 22090362.

2: Smith D, Tella M, Rahavendran SV, Shen Z. Quantitative analysis of PD 0332991 in mouse plasma using automated micro-sample processing and microbore liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Oct 1;879(27):2860-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Aug 16. PubMed PMID: 21889427.

3: Katsumi Y, Iehara T, Miyachi M, Yagyu S, Tsubai-Shimizu S, Kikuchi K, Tamura S, Kuwahara Y, Tsuchiya K, Kuroda H, Sugimoto T, Houghton PJ, Hosoi H. Sensitivity of malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines to PD 0332991 is inversely correlated with p16 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Sep 16;413(1):62-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.047. Epub 2011 Aug 17. PubMed PMID: 21871868; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3214763.

4: Schwartz GK, LoRusso PM, Dickson MA, Randolph SS, Shaik MN, Wilner KD, Courtney R, O’Dwyer PJ. Phase I study of PD 0332991, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, administered in 3-week cycles (Schedule 2/1). Br J Cancer. 2011 Jun 7;104(12):1862-8. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.177. Epub 2011 May 24. PubMed PMID: 21610706; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3111206.

5: Nguyen L, Zhong WZ, Painter CL, Zhang C, Rahavendran SV, Shen Z. Quantitative analysis of PD 0332991 in xenograft mouse tumor tissue by a 96-well supported liquid extraction format and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2010 Nov 2;53(3):228-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.02.031. Epub 2010 Feb 26. PubMed PMID: 20236782.

6: Finn RS, Dering J, Conklin D, Kalous O, Cohen DJ, Desai AJ, Ginther C, Atefi M, Chen I, Fowst C, Los G, Slamon DJ. PD 0332991, a selective cyclin D kinase 4/6 inhibitor, preferentially inhibits proliferation of luminal estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(5):R77. doi: 10.1186/bcr2419. PubMed PMID: 19874578; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2790859.

7: Menu E, Garcia J, Huang X, Di Liberto M, Toogood PL, Chen I, Vanderkerken K, Chen-Kiang S. A novel therapeutic combination using PD 0332991 and bortezomib: study in the 5T33MM myeloma model. Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 15;68(14):5519-23. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6404. PubMed PMID: 18632601.

8: Fry DW, Harvey PJ, Keller PR, Elliott WL, Meade M, Trachet E, Albassam M, Zheng X, Leopold WR, Pryer NK, Toogood PL. Specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 by PD 0332991 and associated antitumor activity in human tumor xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther. 2004 Nov;3(11):1427-38. PubMed PMID: 15542782.

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

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TEDIZOLID (torezolid)

January 4, 2014 1:58 am / 2 Comments on TEDIZOLID (torezolid)

TEDIZOLID PHOSPHATE

[(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl]phenyl}-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]phosphate,

DA 7157

THERAPEUTIC CLAIM Treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections
CHEMICAL NAMES
1. 2-Oxazolidinone, 3-[3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-5- [(phosphonooxy)methyl]-, (5R)-
2. [(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl]phenyl}-2-oxooxazolidin-5- yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate

http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/usan/tedizolid-phosphate.pdf

MOLECULAR FORMULA C17H16FN6O6P

MOLECULAR WEIGHT 450.3
TRADEMARK None as yet
SPONSOR Trius Therapeutics
CODE DESIGNATION TR-701 FA
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 856867-55-5
Note: This adoption statement supersedes the USAN torezolid phosphate (N09/81), which is hereby rescinded and replaced by the USAN tedizolid phosphate (N10/118).\

……………………………..

Tedizolid, 856866-72-3

(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl]phenyl}-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one

(5R)-3-[3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxazolidinone,

TR 700

Molecular Formula: C17H15FN6O3
Average mass: 370.337799

Torezolid (also known as TR-701 and now tedizolid[1]) is an oxazolidinone drug being developed by Trius Therapeutics (originator Dong-A Pharmaceuticals) for complicated skin and skin-structure infections (cSSSI), including those caused by Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA).[2]

As of July 2012, tedizolid had completed one phase III trial, with another one under way. [3]Both trials compare a six-day regimen of tedizolid 200mg once-daily against a ten-day regimen of Zyvox (linezolid) 600mg twice-daily.

The prodrug of tedizolid is called “TR-701″, while the active ingredient is called “TR-700″.[4][5]

Trius Therapeutics will soon be reporting data from its second phase III trial (ESTABLILSH-2) and the recently announced publication of the data from its first phase III trial (ESTABLISH-1) in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)

“Trius grows as lead antibiotic moves forward”. 31 Oct 2011.
“Trius Completes Enrollment In Phase 2 Clinical Trial Evaluating Torezolid (TR-701) In Patients With Complicated Skin And Skin Structure Infections”. Jan 2009.
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?flds=Xf&flds=a&flds=b&term=tedizolid&phase=2&fund=2&show_flds=Y
PMID 19528279 In vitro activity of TR-700, the active ingredient of the antibacterial prodrug TR-701, a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial agent.
PMID 19218276 TR-700 in vitro activity against and resistance mutation frequencies among Gram-positive pathogens.

…………………………………………………….

Emergence of bacterial resistance to known antibacterial agents is becoming a major challenge in treating bacterial infections. One way forward to treat bacterial infections, and especially those caused by resistant bacteria, is to develop newer antibacterial agents that can overcome the bacterial resistance. Coates et al. (Br. J. Pharmacol. 2007; 152(8), 1147-1154.) have reviewed novel approaches to developing new antibiotics. However, the development of new antibacterial agents is a challenging task. For example, Gwynn et al. (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010, 1213: 5-19) have reviewed the challenges in the discovery of antibacterial agents.

Several antibacterial agents have been described in the prior art (for example, see PCT International Application Nos. PCT/US2010/060923, PCT/EP2010/067647, PCT/US2010/052109, PCT/US2010/048109, PCT/GB2009/050609, PCT/EP2009/056178 and PCT/US2009/041200). However, there remains a need for potent antibacterial agents for preventing and/or treating bacterial infections, including those caused by bacteria that are resistant to known antibacterial agents.

Various oxazolidinone-containing compounds have been disclosed for use asantibiotics. For example, oxazolidinone-containing compounds have been described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/596,412 (filed Dec. 17, 2004), and WO 04/048350, WO 03/022824 and WO 01/94342, which are incorporated herein by reference.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/577,089 (filed Oct. 9, 2009) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/699,864 (filed Feb. 3, 2010), which are assigned to the same assignee as in the present application, disclose phosphate dimer impurities made during the process of making of the compounds disclosed therein. Surprisingly, it has been found that compounds containing at least two phosphates binding two oxazolidinone-containing moieties, such as dimers of oxazolidinone-containing compounds have antibacterial activity similar to their dihydrogen monophosphate analog

active drug of Formula I is (5R)-3-[3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxazolidinone, i.e.,

These active compounds have been disclosed in WO 05/058886 and US Patent Publication No. 20070155798, while processes for making these and related compounds have been disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/577,089 (filed Oct. 9, 2009), and a crystalline form of the phosphate ester and related salts of the above compound has been disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/699,864 (filed Feb. 3, 2010).

US Patent Publication No. 20070155798, recently disclosed a series of potently anti-bacterial oxazolidinones including

wherein R═H, PO(OH)₂, and PO(ONa)₂.

Cubist Announces Submission of New Drug Application for Investigational Antibiotic Tedizolid for Treatment of Serious Skin Infections

LEXINGTON, Mass.–(BUSINESS WIRE)– Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc. today announced that it has submitted a New Drug Application (NDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for approval of its investigational antibiotic tedizolid phosphate (TR-701). Cubist is seeking approval of tedizolid phosphate for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). Tedizolid phosphate is a once daily oxazolidinone being developed for both intravenous (I.V.) and oral administration for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections, including those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

http://www.drugs.com/nda/tedizolid_131023.html

…………………………………………………………..

Efficacy of DA-7218, a new oxazolidinone prodrug, in the treatment of experimental actinomycetoma produced by Nocardia brasiliensis.

Espinoza-González NA, Welsh O, de Torres NW, Cavazos-Rocha N, Ocampo-Candiani J, Said-Fernandez S, Lozano-Garza G, Choi SH, Vera-Cabrera L.

Molecules. 2008 Jan 11;13(1):31-40.

…………………………………………..

imp patents

US2010305069	12-3-2010	OXAZOLIDINONE CONTAINING DIMER COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS TO MAKE AND USE
US7816379	10-20-2010	Oxazolidinone derivatives
US2009192197	7-31-2009	NOVEL OXAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVES

…………………………………………..

TEDIZOLID disodium salt

59 nos in

http://www.google.com/patents/US20130102523

38 nos

Tedizolid (formerly known as torezolid or TR-700) is the active hydroxymethyl oxazolidinone having the following formula:

Pharmaceutical prodrugs such as tedizolid phosphate (also referred to as TR-701, torezolid phosphate, and TR-701 “free acid” or FA) have the following formula:

The disodium salt of tedizolid phosphate, has the following structure:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

US20100305069

Example 1 Preparation of the Phosphate Monohydrogen Diester, Formula III
In this and the following Examples, “Formula III” refers to a compound wherein Z is
Figure US20100305069A1-20101202-C00024
and M=OH.
A 1-L, three-neck round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, nitrogen inlet/outlet and thermocouple was charged with the compound of Formula Ia below (16.0 g, 0.0499 mol], THF (320 mL, 20 vol) and Et3N (21.9 g, 0.216 mol, 5.0 equiv.).
Figure US20100305069A1-20101202-C00025
POCl3 (3.31 g, 0.0216 mol, 0.5 equiv.) was added dropwise via syringe over 5 minutes. The reaction temperature was maintained below 25° C. The batch was aged for 16 hours at room temperature at which point HPLC analysis (XBridge, C18) indicated that the reaction was complete. The reaction vessel was then immersed in an ice-water bath and a 500-mL addition funnel charged with 320 mL of H2O was attached to the reaction vessel. When the temperature of the reaction reached 2.7° C., H2O was added drop wise over 30 minutes. The temperature of the reaction was maintained below 10° C. Upon completion of the H2O addition, the ice-water bath was removed and the batch was aged for 3 hours. The solution was transferred to a 2-L round-bottom flask and concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator. After removal of most of the THF from the solution, the aqueous mixture was extracted with 5 1-L portions of CH2Cl2:MeOH (9:1). The CH2Cl2 layers were combined and concentrated to a dark oil. This crude material was purified on 200 g of silica gel, eluting with 10% MeOH/CH2Cl2 to 20% 2 N NH3 in MeOH/CH2Cl2. Fractions containing mostly the bis-ester (as judged by TLC Rf=0.3 eluting with 20% 2 N NH3 in MeOH/CH2Cl2) were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator, during which time a white precipitate was observed. The flask containing the slurry was removed from the rotary evaporator and equipped with a magnetic stir bar and allowed to stir while cooling to room temperature over 3 hours, during which time the slurry thickened. The solid was filtered and dried in a vacuum oven at 45° C. for 16 hours to give 3.55 g of bis-ester as an off-white solid (20% yield). HPLC analysis (Method A): 99.0% (AUC), tR=16.3 min. This reaction was repeated and the combined lots of the compound of Formula III (6.7 g) were slurried in 100 mL of MeOH (15 vol). The slurry was heated to 40° C. for 30 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature over 1 hour. The off-white solid was filtered and dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. for 16 hours to give 6.15 g of the compound of Formula III (92% yield). The 1H NMR analysis of the product was consistent with the assigned structure. HPLC analysis (Method A): 99.0% (AUC), tR=16.3 min.

Example 2 Preparation of the Diphosphate Dihydrogen Diester, Formula IV
In Examples 2-5, “Formula IV” refers to a compound wherein Z is
Figure US20100305069A1-20101202-C00026
n=0 and M=O-imidazolium salt.

A 250-mL 3-neck round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, nitrogen inlet/outlet and thermocouple was charged with the compound of Formula IIa below (5.0 g, 11.1 mmol), carbonyldiimidazole (890 mg, 5.55 mmol, 0.5 equiv.) and DMF (100 mL, 20 vol).
Figure US20100305069A1-20101202-C00027
The suspension was heated to 50° C. and held at that temperature for 4 hours at which point HPLC analysis (XBridge, C18) indicated that the reaction was complete. The reaction was filtered at 50° C. and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. for 24 hours to give 5.15 g of the imidazolium salt (i.e., the compound of Formula IV) as an off-white solid (98% yield). The 1H NMR analysis of the product was consistent with the assigned structure. HPLC analysis (Method A): 94.5% (AUC), tR=14.6 min.
TABLE 1
Method A (Waters XBridge C18 Column)
Time (min) Flow (mL/min) % A % B
0.0 1.0 98.0 2.0
15.0 1.0 5.0 95.0
25.0 1.0 5.0 95.0
27.0 1.0 98.0 2.0
30.0 1.0 98.0 2.0
A = 87% 25 mM ammonium bicarbonate solution in water/13% Acetonitrile
B = Acetonitrile
Wavelength = 300 nm

disodium salt is TR 701

……………………………………

US8580767

Various oxazolidinone-containing compounds have been disclosed for use as antibiotics. For example, oxazolidinone-containing compounds have been described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/596,412 (filed Dec. 17, 2004), and WO 04/048350, WO 03/022824 and WO 01/94342, which are incorporated herein by reference.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

SYNTHESIS

US20070155798

DESCRIPTION OF COMPDS

10,

(R)-3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl oxazolidin-2-on (compound 10)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Preparation of (R)-3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-fluoromethyl oxazolidin-2-on (compound 18)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(R)-3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-methoxymethyl oxazolidin-2-on (compound 33)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(R)-[3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl disodiumphosphate (compound 59)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

mono-[(R)-[3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]phosphate (compound 72)

COMPLETE SYNTHESIS

Example 5

Preparation of 2-cyano-5-bromopyridine

In 1 L of dimethylformamide was dissolved 100 g of 2,5-dibromopyridine, 32 g of cupper cyanide and 17.8 g of sodium cyanide were added to the solution at room temperature and the solution was stirred at the temperature of 150° C. for 7 hours for reaction. After being cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was added with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dehydrated, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The title compound 54 g was obtained. Yield 70%.

¹HNMR(CDCl₃) δ 8.76(s,1H), 7.98(dd,1H), 7.58(dd,1H)

Example 6

Preparation of 2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine

10 g of 2-cyano-5-bromopyridine prepared in the Preparation example 5 was dissolved in 100 ml of dimethylformamide, 5.33 g of sodiumazide, and 4.4 g of ammonium chloride were added to the solution at room temperature, and the solution was stirred at the temperature of 110° C. for 3 hours for reaction. The reaction mixture was added with water and then was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer, thus separated, was washed with brine, dehydrated, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo thereby to obtain 10.5 g of the title compound. Yield 85%.

Preparation Example 7 Preparation of 2-(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine and 2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine

10.5 g of 2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine prepared in the Preparation example 6 was dissolved in 100 ml of dimethylformamide. And then 6.5 g of sodium hydroxide was added to the solution and 9.3 g of iodomethane was slowly added to the solution at the temperature of 0° C. The solution was stirred for 6 hours at room temperature, added with water, extracted with ethyl acetate. And then the organic layer was washed with brine, dehydrated, filtrated, concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography to obtain 4 g of 2-(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine and 5 g of 2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine.

1) 2-(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine

¹HNMR(CDCl₃) δ 8.77(t,1H), 8.23(dd,1H), 8.04(dd,1H), 4.46(s,3H)

2) 2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine

¹HNMR(CDCl₃) δ 8.80(t,1H), 8.13(dd,1H), 7.98(dd,1H), 4.42(s,3H)

Example 1

Preparation of N-Carbobenzyloxy-3-fluoroaniline

3-fluoroaniline 100 g was dissolved in 1 L of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and the solution was added with 150 g (1.8 mol) of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). After being cooled to 0° C., the solution was slowly added with 154 ml of N-carbobenzyloxy chloride (CbzCl) for reaction. While the temperature was maintained at 0° C., the reaction mixture was let to react for 2 hours with stirring. Afterwards, the reaction was extracted with 0.5 L of ethyl acetate. The organic layer, after being separated, was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was washed twice with n-hexane to afford the title compound as white crystal. 132 g. Yield 85%.

Example 2

Preparation of (R)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinylmethanol

132 g of N-carbobenzyloxy-3-fluoroaniline 132 g prepared in the Preparation example 1 was dissolved in 1.3 L of tetrahydrofuran and the solution was cooled to −78° C. 370 ml of n-buthyllitium (n-BuLi, 1.6M/n-hexane) was slowly added to the solution in a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by stirring for 10 min. And 84 ml of (R)-(−)-glycidylbuthylate was slowly added to the reaction mixture, stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours and allowed to react for 24 hours at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the solution was added with ammonium chloride (HH₄Cl) solution and extracted with 0.5 L of ethyl acetate at room temperature. The organic layer, thus separated, was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 100 ml of ethyl acetate and washed with n-hexane to give white crystals, which were purified to the title compound. 80 g. Yield 70%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 7.85(t,1H), 7.58(dd,1H), 7.23(dd,1H), 4.69(m,1H), 4.02 (t,1H), 3.80(dd,1H), 3.60(br dd,2H).

Example 3

Preparation of (R)-3-(4-iodo-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinylmethanol

In 300 ml of acetonitryl was dissolved 30 g of (R)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinylmethanol prepared in the Preparation example 2, and 46 g of trifluoroacetic acid silver salt (CF₃COOAg) and 43 g of iodide were added to the solution. After being stirred for one day at room temperature, the solution was added with water and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer, thus separated, was washed with brine and dehydrated. And then the residue was filtered, concentrated in vacuo and dried thereby to form the title compound 44 g. Yield 94%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 7.77(t,1H), 7.56(dd,1H), 7.20(dd,1H), 5.20(m,1H), 4.70 (m,1H), 4.07(t,1H), 3.80(m,1H), 3.67(m,2H), 3.56(m,3H)

Example 4

Preparation of (R)-3-(4-tributhylstannyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinylmethanol

In 660 ml of 1,4-dioxan was dissolved 50 g of (R)-3-(4-iodo-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinylmethanol prepared in the Preparation example 3, 52 g of hexabutylditin ((Bu₃Sn)₂) and 9.3 g of dichlorobistriphenylphosphinpalladium were added into the solution, and stirred for 2 hours. The solution was filtered using celite and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and 45 g of the title compound was formed.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 7.74(m,3H), 5.20(t,1H), 4.71(m,1H), 4.08(t,1H), 3.82(dd,1H), 3.68(m,1H), 3.52(m,1H), 1.48(m, 6H), 1.24(m, 6H), 1.06(m,6H), 0.83(t,9H)

COMPD 10

Example 1 Preparation of (R)-3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl oxazolidin-2-on (compound 10)

In 150 ml of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was dissolved 37 g of (R)-3-(4-tributhylstannyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinylmethanol. The solution was added with 19.7 g of 2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-5-bromopyridine, 10.44 g of lithium chloride and 2.9 g of dichlorobistriphenylphospine palladium(II) at room temperature and then stirred at the temperature of 120° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was added with water and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer, thus separated, was washed with brine, dehydrated, filtrated, concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography to provide 8 g of the title compound. Yield 26%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.90(s,1H), 8.18(m,2H), 7.70(m,2H), 7.49(dd,1H), 5.25(t,1H), 4.74(m,1H), 4.46(s,3H), 4.14(t,1H), 3.88(dd,1H), 3.68(m,1H), 3.58 (m,1H)

COMPD 18

Example 28 Preparation of (R)-3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-fluoromethyl oxazolidin-2-on (compound 18)

In 5 ml of methylenchloride was dissolved 100 mg of the compound 10. The solution was added with 43 mg of diethylaminosulfurtrifloride (DAST) and 0.078 ml of triethylamine and then stirred for 24 hours. After being concentrating, the reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to obtain the title compound 75 mg. Yield 75%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.91(s,1H), 8.19(m,2H), 7.74(t,1H), 7.66(dd,1H) 7.49 (dd,1H), 5.06(m,1H), 4.89(m,2H), 4.46(s,3H), 4.23(t,1H), 3.95(dd,1H)

COMPD 33

Example 37 Preparation of (R)-3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-methoxymethyl oxazolidin-2-on (compound 33)

In 10 ml of methanol was dissolved 400 mg of (R)-3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-methansulfonyloxymethyl oxazolidin-2-on prepared in the secondary step of the Example 24. The solution was added with 90 mg of sodium methoxide at room temperature and then stirred for one day at room temperature. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer, thus separated, was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dehydrated, filtered, concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography to provide the title compound 200 mg. Yield 58%.

¹H NMR(CDCl₃) δ 8.90(s,1H), 8.29(d,1H), 8.04(d,1H), 7.61(dd,1H), 7.58 (t,1H), 7.38(dd,1H), 4.80(m,1H), 4.45(s,3H), 4.08(t,1H), 3.96(dd,1H), 3.67 (m,2H), 3.43(s,3H)

COMPD 59

Example 58 Preparation of mono-[(R)-[3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]phosphate (compound 72) and (R)-[3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl disodiumphosphate (compound 59)

1. The Primary Step

In 10 ml of mixture solvent (tetrahydrofuran:methylenchloride=1:1) was dissolved 1 g of compound 10. The solution was added with 0.6 g of tetrazole and 2.3 g of di-tetrabutyl diisoprophylphosphoamidite and stirred for 15 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was refrigerated to −78° C., added with 0.7 g of metachloroperbenzoic acid and stirred for 2 hours. After being cooling to −78° C., the reaction mixture was added with metachloroperbenzoic acid (0.7 g). When the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours, the temperature of the reaction mixture was raised to room temperature. The reaction mixture was then added with ethyl acetate. The organic layer, thus separated, was washed with sodium bisulfate, sodium bicarbonate and brine, dehydrated, filtered and concentrated in vacuo, followed by purification with column chromatography thereby to provide (R)-[3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl phosphoric acid ditetrabuthylester (0.71 g, 71%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.90(s,1H), 8.18(m,2H), 7.74(t,1H), 7.68 (dd,1H), 7.49(dd,1H), 4.98(m,1H), 4.46(s,3H), 4.23(t,1H), 4.18(m,1H), 4.09(m,1H), 3.89 (dd,1H), 1.39(s,9H), 1.38(s,9H)

The crystal prepared the above method was dissolved in a mixture of methanol and chloroform. And then the solution added with 3.4 ml of sodium methoxide (0.3M methanol solution) at the room temperature and stirred for 10 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to prepare the residue. The residue was crystallized and filtered thereby to obtain the title compound (compound 59) 300 mg.

¹H NMR (D₂O) δ 8.27(s,1H), 7.56(dd,2H), 7.06(m,2H), 6.90(m,1H), 4.79 (m,1H), 4.63(s,3H), 3.90(m,4H)

COMPD 72

The Secondary Step

In 30 ml of methylenchloride was dissolved the compound (0.7 g) in the Primary Step. The solution was added with 15 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and then stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to prepare the residue. The residue was crystallized with ethanol and ethyl ether to obtain mono-[(R)-[3-(4-(2-(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]phosphate (compound 72) 400 mg.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.92(s,1H), 8.20(m,2H), 7.74(t,1H), 7.66(dd,1H), 7.500(dd,1H), 4.95 (m,1H), 4.46(s,3H), 4.21(t,1H), 4.05(m,2H), 3.91(dd,1H)

US20070155798

………………………………………………………

IMPURITIES

US8426389

Organic Impurities in TR-701 FA Drug Substance
Impurity
‘Name’	Structure and Chemical Name

Rx600013 ‘Des-methyl TR- 701’
	dihydrogen ((5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-
	yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolan-5-yl)methyl
	phosphate

Rx600024 ‘Pyrophosphate’
	trihydrogen ((5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3,4-
	tetraazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolan-5-
	yl)methyl pyrophosphate

Rx600014 ‘Ring opened’
	dihydrogen 3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-1,2,3,4-tetraazol-5-
	yl)-3-pyridinyl]aniline}-2-hydroxypropyl phosphate

Rx600023 ‘Me-isomer’
	dihydrogen ((5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3,4-
	tetraazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolan-5-
	yl)methyl phosphate

Rx600025 ‘Overalkylated- phosphorylated impurity’
	(R)-1-((3-(3-fluoro-4-(6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-
	yl)pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methoxy)-3-
	hydroxypropan-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate;
	(R)-3-((3-(3-fluoro-4-(6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-
	yl)pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methoxy)-2-
	hydroxypropyl dihydrogen phosphate

Rx600020 ‘Dimer impurity’
	dihydrogen bis-O-O′-[(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-
	2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-
	oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl pyrophosphate

Rx600026 “Chloro”
	(R)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(6-(2-methyl-2H-
	tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one

Rx600001 TR-700
	5R)-3-{3-Fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-
	pyridin-3-yl]-phenyl}-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one

Rx600022 ‘Bis phosphate’
	hydrogen bis-O-O′-[(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-1,2,3,4-
	tetrazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl
	phosphate

Rx600042
	3-{[(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-
	yl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methoxy}-2-hydroxypropyl
	[(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-
	yl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate

Rx600043
	2-{[(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-
	yl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methoxy}-1-hydroxyethyl
	[(5R)-3-{3-fluoro-4-[6-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-
	yl]phenyl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate

……………………………………………..

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……………………………………………………………………………………….

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

did you feel happy, a head to toe paralysed man’s soul in action for you round the clock

need help, email or call me

amcrasto@gmail.com

MOBILE-+91 9323115463

web link

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I was paralysed in dec2007

TOSEDOSTAT ….An aminopeptidase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.

January 3, 2014 10:19 am / 1 Comment on TOSEDOSTAT ….An aminopeptidase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.

TOSEDOSTAT

An aminopeptidase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.

CHR 2797
CHR-2797
Tosedostat
UNII-KZK563J2UW
BB-76163Vernalis (Originator)

CAS No.	238750-77-1
Chemical Name:	Tosedostat
Synonyms:	BB-76163;Chr-2797;tosedostat;CHR2797 (Tosedostat);Tosedostat (CHR2797);α-[[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl]amino]-benzeneaceticacidcyclopentlyester;alpha-[[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl]amino]benzeneacetic acid cyclopentyl ester;Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-(((2R)-2-((1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl)amino)-, cyclopentyl ester, (alphas)-

Molecular Formula:	C21H30N2O6
Formula Weight:	406.47

CHR-2797 is an oral, once-daily experimental cancer therapy in phase II clinical development at Chroma Therapeutics for the oral treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients. It is also in early clinical development for the treatment of refractory solid tumors alone or in combination with chemotherapy.

No recent development has been reported for phase I/II studies evaluating CHR-2797 as monotherapy in hematologic/blood cancer. A phase I/II clinical trial of the compound in combination with erlotinib for non-small cell lung cancer was terminated in 2010 due to very poor recruitment of patients to the study.

Cell Therapeutics is also conducting phase II clinical trials of the compound for the treatment of myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia.

CHR- 2797 is an inhibitor of aminopeptidases and has demonstrated strong preclinical efficacy as monotherapy in addition to demonstrating strong synergy with a number of leading cancer therapies in a range of cancer cells. It was originally licensed from Vernalis, where it was being evaluated for its potential in treating multiple sclerosis; however development in this indication has been discontinued.

In 2008, orphan drug designation was assigned to CHR-2797 in the U.S. for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. In 2011, the compound was licensed to Cell Therapeutics by Chroma Therapeutics in Central America, North America and South America for exclusive marketing and codevelopment for the oral treatment of blood-related cancers and other cancers.

In corporate news, biopharmaceutical company Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (CTIC) was up more than 6% and near 52 week highs after saying Thursday that the U.S. FDA has removed the partial clinical hold on tosedostat and all studies underway have been allowed to continue. Tosedostat is under development for the treatment of blood-related cancers. It is currently being studied in Phase 2 trials in elderly patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

Tosedostat is a proprietary orally bioavailable inhibitor of the M1 family of aminopeptidases with potential antineoplastic activity.

Tosedostat is converted intracellularly into a poorly membrane-permeable active metabolite (CHR-79888) which inhibits the M1 family of aminopeptidases, particularly puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PuSA), and leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase; inhibition of these aminopeptidases in tumor cells may result in amino acid deprivation, inhibition of protein synthesis due to a decrease in the intracellular free amino acid pool, an increase in the level of the proapoptotic protein Noxa, and cell death.

Noxa is a member of the BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only subgroup of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) protein family

Cell Therapeutics announced that it has received notification from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that the partial clinical hold on tosedostat (IND 075503) has been removed and all studies underway may continue. Tosedostat is a first-in-class selective inhibitor of aminopeptidases, which are required by tumor cells to provide amino acids necessary for growth and tumor cell survival, and is under development for the treatment of blood-related cancers.

Tosedostat is currently being studied in the United States and European Union in investigator-sponsored and cooperative group-sponsored Phase 2 trials in elderly patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

“We are pleased that the FDA has responded favorably to the tosedostat clinical trial data provided and removed the partial clinical hold to allow further development of tosedostat in ongoing and future studies,” said John Pagel, MD, PhD, Associate Member, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Associate Professor, Medical Oncology Division, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Principal Investigator in the tosedostat first-line AML/MDS trial.

Recently, WO 93/20047 disclosed a class of hydroxamic acid based MMP inhibitors which also are active in inhibiting TNF production.

As mentioned above, MMP inhibitors have been proposed with hydroxamic acid or carboxylic acid zinc binding groups. The following patent publications disclose hydroxamic acid-based MMP inhibitors:

US 4599361 (Searle) EP-A-0236872 (Roche) EP-A-0274453 (Bellon) WO 90/05716 (British Bio-technology) WO 90/05719 (British Bio-technology) WO 91/02716 (British Bio-technology) EP-A-0489577 (Celltech) EP-A-0489579 (Celltech) EP-A-0497192 (Roche) WO 92/13831 (British Bio-technology) WO 92/17460 (SmithKline Beecham) WO 92/22523 – (Research Corporation Technologies) WO 93/09090 (Yamanouchi) WO 93/09097 (Sankyo) WO 93/20047 (British Bio-technology) WO 93/24449 (Celltech) WO 93/24475 (Celltech) EP-A-0574758 (Roche) The following patent publications disclose carboxylic acid-based MMP inhibitors:

EP-A-0489577 (Celltech) EP-A-0489579 (Celltech) WO 93/24449 (Celltech) WO 93/24475 (Celltech)

Usage
CHR-2797 is a novel metalloenzyme inhibitor that is converted into a pharmacological active acid product (CHR-79888) inside cells. CHR-2797 exerts antiproliferative effects against a range of tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo and shows selectivity fo

Biological Activity
Aminopeptidase inhibitor (IC 50 values are 100, 150, 220, > 1000, > 5000, > 10000 and > 30000 nM for LAP, PuSA, aminopeptidase N, aminopeptidase B, PILSAP, LTA 4 hydrolase and MetAP2 respectively). Potently inhibits tumor cell proliferation in a variety of tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo .

TOSEDOSTAT

WO1996033166A1 *	17 Apr 1996	24 Oct 1996	Du Pont Merck Pharma	Hydroxamic and carboxylic acids as metalloprotease inhibitors
WO1998011063A1 *	8 Sep 1997	19 Mar 1998	British Biotech Pharm	Cytostatic hydroxamic acid derivatives
GB2268934A *				Title not available

US5652262 *	14 mar 1994	29 lug 1997	British Biotech Pharmaceutical, Ltd.	Hydroxamic acid derivatives as metalloproteinase inhibitors
US5821262 *	4 ott 1994	13 ott 1998	British Biotech Pharmaceuticals Limited	Hydroxamic acid derivatives as inhibitors of cytokine production
US5861436 *	29 apr 1997	19 gen 1999	British Biotech Pharmaceuticals Limited	Hydroxamic acid derivatives as metalloproteinase inhibitors
EP0423943A2	19 set 1990	24 apr 1991	Beecham Group p.l.c.	Use of collagenase inhibitors in the treatment of demyelinating diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis
JPH03157372A				Titolo non disponibile
WO1997049674A1	20 giu 1997	31 dic 1997	Francesca Abrate	Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
WO1998011063A1	8 set 1997	19 mar 1998	British Biotech Pharm	Cytostatic hydroxamic acid derivatives
WO1999040910A1	27 gen 1999	19 ago 1999	Andrew Paul Ayscough	Anti-inflammatory agents
WO1999044602A1	5 mar 1999	10 set 1999	British Biotech Pharm	Inflammatory cell inhibitors
WO1999046241A1	12 mar 1998	16 set 1999	British Biotech Pharm	Cytostatic agents

WO2000044373A1 *	Jan 27, 2000	Aug 3, 2000	Raymond Paul Beckett	Antibacterial hydroxamic acid derivatives
US6545051	Jan 27, 2000	Apr 8, 2003	British Biotech Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.	Antibacterial hydroxamic acid derivatives

Drugs Fut 2009, 34(2): 115

PLoS One (2013), 8(2), e57641.

WO 1999046241

WO 1995019956

WO 1998011063

US6545051

US 6462023

US 20100260674

WO 2000044373

WO 9940910

NMR

http://file.selleckchem.com/downloads/nmr/S152202-CHR-2797-NMR-Selleck.pdf

Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Invasive Agents Compounds which have the property of inhibiting the action of the metalioproteinase enzymes involved in connective tissue breakdown and remodelling, such as fibroblast collagenase (Type 1 ), PMN-collagenase, 72 kDa-gelatinase, 92 kDa- gelatinase, stromelysin, stromelysin-2 and PUMP-1 (known as “matrix metalloproteinases”, and herein referred to as MMPs) have been proposed and are being tested in the clinic for the treatment of solid tumours. Cancer cells are particularly adept at utilising the MMPs to achieve rapid remodelling of the extracellular matrix, thereby providing space for tumour expansion and permitting metastasis. MMP inhibitors should minimise these processes and thus slow or prevent cancer progression.

In view of the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the development of antibacterial agents with novel modes of action that are effective against the growing number of resistant bacteria, particularly the vancomycin resistant enterococci and β-lactam antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylocccus aureus, is of utmost importance.

The natural antibiotic actinonin (see for example J. C. S Perkin I, 1975, 819) is a hydroxamic acid derivative of Structure (A):

In ddition to actinonin, various structural analogues of actinonin have also been shown to have antibacterial activity (see for example Broughton et al. (Devlin et al. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin Transactions 1 (9):830-841, 1975; Broughton et al. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin Transactions 1 (9):857-860, 1975).

The matlystatin group of compounds, share a number of structural similarities with actinonin. Both are peptidic molecules with functional hydroxamic acid metal binding groups (Ogita et al., J. Antibiotics. 45(11):1723-1732; Tanzawa et al., J. Antibiotics. 45(11):1733-1737; Haruyama et al., J. Antibiotics. 47(12):1473-1480; Tamaki et al., J. Antibiotics. 47(12):1481-1492).

………………………………………………………….

US6462023

EXAMPLE 44 2-[2R-(S-Hydroxy-hydroxycarbamoyl-methyl-pentanoylamine]-2-phenyl-ethanoic acid cyclopentyl ester

The above compound was prepared using procedures similar to those described in example 8 using phenylglycine cyclopentyl ester.

Diastereoisomer A

¹H-NMR; δ (MeOD), 7.4-7.29 (5H, m), 5.43 (1H, s), 5.2-5.14 (1H, m), 4.02 (1H, d, J=6.9 Hz), 2.94-2.85 (1H, m), 1.91-1.34 (10H, bm), 1.25-1.14 (1H, m) and 0.86 (6H, dd, J=6.5, 11 5 Hz).

¹³C-NMR; δ (MeOD), 175.6, 171.8, 171.4, 137.8, 129.8, 129.4, 128.6, 80.0, 73.2, 58.5, 49.2, 39.1, 33.3, 33.3, 26.8, 24.5, 24.4, 23.7 and 22.1.

Diastereoisomer B

1H-NMR; 8 (MeOD), 7.33-7.19 (5H, m), 5.3 (1H, s), 5.11-5.06 (1H, m), 3.81 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 2.83-2.74 (lH, m), 1.83-1.45 (10H, bm), 1.12-1.03 (lH, m) and 0.88-0.81 (6H, dd, J=6.4, 12.3 Hz). 13C-NMR; δ (MeOD), 175.8, 171.8, 171.5, 137.3, 129.8, 129.5, 128.8, 79.9, 73.3, 58.7, 48.9, 39.2, 33.3, 33.3, 26.7, 24.5, 24.5, 24.0 and 22.2

WO1999046241A1

Example 1

2-[2R-(S-Hydroxy-hydroxycarbamoyl-methyl)-4-methyl-pentanoylamine]-2-phenyl- ethanoic acid cyclopentyl ester

HO Ξ CONHOH

Prepared using procedures similar to those described in Preparative Example A using phenylglycine cyclopentyl ester.

Diastereoisomer A

Η-NMR; δ (MeOD), 7.4-7.29 (5H, m), 5.43 (1 H, s), 5.2-5.14 (1 H, m), 4.02 (1 H, d,

J=6.9Hz), 2.94-2.85 (1 H, m), 1.91-1.34 (10H, bm), 1.25-1.14 (1 H, m) and 0.86 (6H, 14 dd, J=6.5, 11.5Hz).

¹³C-NMR; δ (MeOD), 175.6, 171.8, 171.4, 137.8, 129.8, 129.4, 128.6, 80.0, 73.2,

58.5, 49.2, 39.1 , 33.3, 33.3, 26.8, 24.5, 24.4, 23.7 and 22.1.

Diastereoisomer B

Η-NMR; δ (MeOD), 7.33-7.19 (5H, m), 5.3 (1 H, s), 5.11-5.06 (1 H, m), 3.81 (1 H, d, J=7.3Hz), 2.83-2.74 (1 H, m), 1.83-1.45 (10H, bm), 1.12-1.03 (1 H, m) and 0.88-0.81 (6H, dd, J=6.4, 12.3Hz). ¹³C-NMR; δ (MeOD), 175.8, 171.8, 171.5, 137.3, 129.8, 129.5, 128.8, 79.9, 73.3, 58.7, 48.9, 39.2, 33.3, 33.3, 26.7, 24.5, 24.5, 24.0 and 22.2.

tosedostat

http://www.google.it/patents/US6545051

WO98/11063	WO99/46241 ex 1b	WO 98/11063 analogy ex 8

WO98/11063	WO99/46241 ex 1a	WO 98/11063 analogy ex 8

……………………………………………………………………

entry 65 in http://www.google.com/patents/WO2000044373A1

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

http://www.google.com/patents/WO1999044602A1

Example 43

2-[2R-(S-Hydroxy-hydroxycarbamoyl-methyl)-4-methyl-pentanoylamine]-2-phenyl- ethanoic acid cyclopentyl ester

HO Ξ CONHOH

Prepared using procedures similar to those described in example 8 of WO 98/11063, using phenylglycine cyclopentyl ester.

Diastereoisomer A

¹H-NMR; δ (MeOD), 7.4-7.29 (5H, m), 5.43 (1 H, s), 5.2-5.14 (1 H, m), 4.02 (1 H, d, 34

J=6.9Hz), 2.94-2.85 (1 H, m), 1.91-1.34 (10H, bm), 1.25-1.14 (1 H, m) and 0.86 (6H, dd, J=6.5, 11.5Hz).

¹³C-NMR; δ (MeOD), 175.6, 171.8, 171.4, 137.8, 129.8, 129.4, 128.6, 80.0, 73.2, 58.5, 49.2, 39.1 , 33.3, 33.3, 26.8, 24.5, 24.4, 23.7 and 22.1.

Diastereoisomer B

¹H-NMR; δ (MeOD), 7.33-7.19 (5H, m), 5.3 (1 H, s), 5.11-5.06 (1 H, m), 3.81 (1 H, d,

J=7.3Hz), 2.83-2.74 (1 H, m), 1.83-1.45 (10H, bm), 1.12-1.03 (1 H, m) and

0.88-0.81 (6H, dd, J=6.4, 12.3Hz). ¹³C-NMR; δ (MeOD), 175.8, 171.8, 171.5, 137.3,

129.8, 129.5, 128.8, 79.9, 73.3, 58.7, 48.9, 39.2, 33.3, 33.3, 26.7, 24.5, 24.5, 24.0 and 22.2.

……………………………..

3R-isobutyl-4S-methoxy-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione (WO 97/02239)

…………………………………………………………………………..

2(S)-Amino(phenyl)ethanoic acid cyclopentyl ester

…………………………………………………………………..

2(R)-[2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4(S)-yl]-4-methylpentanoic acid pentafluorophenyl ester

…………………………………………………………..

intermediates

238750-91-9

α-amino-, cyclopentyl ester Benzeneacetic acid,

……………….

cas 240489-34-3

2-[2R-(S-Hydroxy-hydroxycarbamoyl-methyl)-4-methyl-pentanoylamine]-2-phenyl- ethanoic acid cyclopentyl ester

…………………..

will be updated very soon… keep watching

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

did you feel happy, a head to toe paralysed man’s soul in action for you round the clock

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I was paralysed in dec2007, Posts dedicated to my family, my organisation Glenmark, Your readership keeps me going and brings smiles to my family

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