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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D ( ICT, Mumbai) , INDIA 36Yrs Exp. in the feld of Organic Chemistry,Working for AFRICURE PHARMA as ADVISOR earlier with GLENMARK PHARMA at Navi Mumbai, INDIA. Serving chemists around the world. Helping them with websites on Chemistry.Million hits on google, NO ADVERTISEMENTS , ACADEMIC , NON COMMERCIAL SITE, world acclamation from industry, academia, drug authorities for websites, blogs and educational contribution, ........amcrasto@gmail.com..........+91 9323115463, Skype amcrasto64 View Anthony Melvin Crasto Ph.D's profile on LinkedIn Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr.

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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Born in Mumbai in 1964 and graduated from Mumbai University, Completed his Ph.D from ICT, 1991,Matunga, Mumbai, India, in Organic Chemistry, The thesis topic was Synthesis of Novel Pyrethroid Analogues, Currently he is working with AFRICURE PHARMA, ROW2TECH, NIPER-G, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India as ADVISOR, earlier assignment was with GLENMARK LIFE SCIENCES LTD, as CONSUlTANT, Retired from GLENMARK in Jan2022 Research Centre as Principal Scientist, Process Research (bulk actives) at Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India. Total Industry exp 32 plus yrs, Prior to joining Glenmark, he has worked with major multinationals like Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi, Searle India Ltd, now RPG lifesciences, etc. He has worked with notable scientists like Dr K Nagarajan, Dr Ralph Stapel, Prof S Seshadri, etc, He did custom synthesis for major multinationals in his career like BASF, Novartis, Sanofi, etc., He has worked in Discovery, Natural products, Bulk drugs, Generics, Intermediates, Fine chemicals, Neutraceuticals, GMP, Scaleups, etc, he is now helping millions, has 9 million plus hits on Google on all Organic chemistry websites. His friends call him Open superstar worlddrugtracker. His New Drug Approvals, Green Chemistry International, All about drugs, Eurekamoments, Organic spectroscopy international, etc in organic chemistry are some most read blogs He has hands on experience in initiation and developing novel routes for drug molecules and implementation them on commercial scale over a 32 PLUS year tenure till date Feb 2023, Around 35 plus products in his career. He has good knowledge of IPM, GMP, Regulatory aspects, he has several International patents published worldwide . He has good proficiency in Technology transfer, Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Synthesis, Polymorphism etc., He suffered a paralytic stroke/ Acute Transverse mylitis in Dec 2007 and is 90 %Paralysed, He is bound to a wheelchair, this seems to have injected feul in him to help chemists all around the world, he is more active than before and is pushing boundaries, He has 100 million plus hits on Google, 2.5 lakh plus connections on all networking sites, 100 Lakh plus views on dozen plus blogs, 227 countries, 7 continents, He makes himself available to all, contact him on +91 9323115463, email amcrasto@gmail.com, Twitter, @amcrasto , He lives and will die for his family, 90% paralysis cannot kill his soul., Notably he has 38 lakh plus views on New Drug Approvals Blog in 227 countries......https://newdrugapprovals.wordpress.com/ , He appreciates the help he gets from one and all, Friends, Family, Glenmark, Readers, Wellwishers, Doctors, Drug authorities, His Contacts, Physiotherapist, etc He has total of 32 International and Indian awards

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Idrebormilast


Idrebormilast

CAS 2415085-44-6

MF C18H22BNO4, MW 327.18

Pyridine, 3-[(4R)-2-hydroxy-1,2-oxaborolan-4-yl]-5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)-

(4R)-4-[5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1,2-oxaborolan-2-ol
phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, M6ZU548FWD, PF07038124, PF 07038124

PF-07038124 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05298033 (Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Crisaborole and PF-07038124 With and Without NBUVB in Vitiligo).

IDREBORMILAST is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II (across all indications) and has 2 investigational indications.

  • Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Crisaborole and PF-07038124 With and Without NBUVB in VitiligoCTID: NCT05298033Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2024-06-12
  • PDE4 Inhibition in Seborrheic Dermatitis and Papulopustular RosaceaCTID: NCT06013371Phase: Phase 2Status: TerminatedDate: 2025-04-24
  • A Study To Determine The Safety, Tolerability, Skin Irritation Potential, And PK Following Topical Application Of PF-07038124 In Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT04135560Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2020-05-14
  • Study to Evaluate the Safety, Local and Systemic Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple-Dose Topical Administration of PF-07038124 in Japanese Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT04863417Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2024-01-25
  • Study To Assess Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability And Pharmacokinetics Of PF-07038124 Ointment In Participants With Atopic Dermatitis Or Plaque PsoriasisCTID: NCT04664153Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2022-08-26

SYN

US11559538, Example 4

PAT

Example 4: (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol

Method A:

To a mixture of (R)-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)boronic acid (Preparation 6, 55 g, 120 mmol) in IPA (247 mL) was added 5 M hydrogen chloride in IPA (37 mL, 185 mmol) at about 20 °C. The mixture was stirred for about 3 h and concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (500 mL) and 1 N

HCI (500 mL) was added. The layers were separated and the EtOAc layer was extracted with 0.5 N HCI (2 x 200 mL). The aqueous extracts were combined with the separated acidic aqueous layer and washed with EtOAc (3 x 250 mL). The combined acidic aqueous layers were treated with K3PO4 to pH 5-6. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (1 x 500 mL, 2 x 200 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (34.5 g, 88%). This was further purified by preparative SFC (Prep SFC Method C) to afford 29 g as a crude product. The crude product was dissolved in methanol (250 mL) and water (50 mL) and stirred at 20 °C for about 30 min before concentrating. The concentrated solution was partitioned between brine and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc extracts were combined with the separate EtOAc layer and were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in degassed EtOAc (200 mL) and degassed heptane (100 mL) was added slowly. Heptane was added until a precipitate was observed and and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight under N2. The solid was filtered to afford 8.08 g of product. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL). Heptane (25 mL) was slowly added and the mixture stirred overnight open to air. The solid was filtered to afford a second batch (6.16 g). This was repeated a second time to afford 3.0 g. The filtrate was stirred overnight to afford additional batches (2.09 g and 3.1 g) respectively. The solid batches were combined to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (22.3 g, 57%) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO-cfe, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H), 1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+; RT [Analytical SFC Method B] = 7.30 min. [a]20D -23.7 (c = 0.9, EtOH).

Elemental analysis calculated (%) for Ci8H22BN04: C 66.08, H 6.78, N 4.28. Found: C 65.86, H 6.59, N 4.18.

Method B:

Step 1 : To THF (18.0 mL) was added 3-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)prop-1 -en-2-yl)-5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine (Preparation 50, 3.0 g, 7.25 mmol), [lr(COD)CI]2 (CAS 121 12-67-3, 36.9 mg, 0.054 mmol) and (S)[(Sp)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]-4-isopropyloxazoline (CAS 163169-29-7, 52.4 mg, 0.109 mmol). Additional THF (6.0 mL) was added to the mixture which was warmed to about 50 °C for about 5 min. Catecholborane (10.9 mL, 1 0M in THF) was added to the mixture and stirred at about 50 °C for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to about 20 °C and treated with HCI (12.2 M, 1 .51 mL) over 1 min. The mixture was held at about 20 °C for about 1 h, afterwhich a precipitate had formed. The mixture was cooled to about 10 °C and filtered. The filtered solid was washed with THF (6.0 mL) and

dried overnight at 35°C under vacuum to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol hydrochloride monohydrate (3.98 g, 91 %) as a crystalline solid. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz): d 8.98 (d, J = 1 .5 Hz, 1 H), 8.75 (s, 1 H), 8.67 (d, J = 1 .3 Hz, 1 H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.89-3.92 (m, 1 H), 3.86-3.95 (m, 5H), 3.46 (br s, 1 H), 1 .85 (m, 2H), 1 .31 -1 .42 (m, 2H), 1 .08 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.

Step 2: To a solution of (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol hydrochloride monohydrate (2.0 g, 5.24 mmol) in water (60 ml_) was added EtOAc (20 ml_). To the stirred mixture was added NaOH (1 N) dropwise to adjust the pH of the aqeous layer to 7-8. The mixture was stirred at about 20 °C for about 5 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 10 ml_). The combined EtOAc extracts were concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF/MTBE (1 :3, 22 ml_) and stirred at about 20 °C overnight. The precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (1 .17 g, 68%) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO-cfe, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H), 1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.

Method C:

To a solution of (R)-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)boronic acid (Preparation 6, 29.0 g, 63.1 mmol) in THF (66 mL) was added aqueous HCI (84.2 mL, 252 mmol, 3.0 M) and stirred at 20 °C for about 1 .5 h. The mixture was concentrated. The mixture was diluted with 1 M HCI and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with 1 M HCI (3 x 50 mL). The combined aqueous extracts were neutralized with K3PO4 to pH 7-8 and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (19.0 g, 92%).

This was further purified by preparative SFC (Prep SFC Method C) to afford 18 g of the crude product. The crude product was dissolved in MeOH (100 mL) and water (50 mL). The mixture was partitioned between brine and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated to afford 15 g of product. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (60 mL) and heptane (30 mL) was slowly added over about 3 h. The mixture was stirred at about 20 °C overnight. The precipitate was filtered and dried to afford (8.08 g). This process was repeated 2 more times to afford additional batches (2.01 g and 1 .03 g), respectively. The three batches were combined in heptane (100 mL), chilled to about -78 °C for about 10 min, filtered

and dried to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (10.4 g, 51 %) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO -d6, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s,

1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H),

1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.

PAT

str1

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//////////idrebormilast, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, M6ZU548FWD, PF07038124, PF 07038124

Gridegalutamide


Gridegalutamide

CAS 2446929-86-6

MF C41H45F3N8O5S MW818.9 g/mol

2-[(2R)-4-[2-[4-[3-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-1-yl]-2-ethylphenoxy]ethyl]-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-N-[3-[[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]amino]phenyl]acetamide

antiandrogen, antineoplastic, BMS 986365, CC 94676, BMS-986365, CC-94676, CEL 010355,

VA228VR2DI,

Gridegalutamide is an investigational oral androgen receptor (AR) degrader being developed for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). It belongs to a class of drugs called proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which are designed to selectively degrade specific proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system.[1][2] CC-94676 employs a unique dual mechanism of action, combining AR degradation with AR antagonism, potentially offering advantages over traditional AR inhibitors in overcoming resistance mechanisms.[3] Initially developed by Celgene and now under Bristol Myers Squibb, CC-94676 has demonstrated AR protein degradation and suppression of tumor growth in CRPC mouse models.[2] As of 2024, CC-94676 is being evaluated in phase I clinical trials for patients with mCRPC who have progressed on androgen deprivation therapy and at least one prior secondary hormonal therapy.[1][2]

Gridegalutamide is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-lutamide’ in the name indicates that Gridegalutamide is a non-steroid antiandrogen. Gridegalutamide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04428788 (Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of CC-94676 in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer). Gridegalutamide has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 818.32 Da.

GRIDEGALUTAMIDE is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II (across all indications) and has 3 investigational indications.

Gridegalutamide is an orally bioavailable androgen receptor (AR) degrader, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gridegalutamide causes degradation of AR, prevents AR-mediated signaling and inhibits the proliferation of AR-overexpressing tumor cells. AR plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

  • A Study to Evaluate the Drug Levels, Metabolism and Excretion, and Absolute Bioavailability of BMS-986365 in Healthy Male ParticipantsCTID: NCT06433505Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-03-26
  • Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of CC-94676 in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate CancerCTID: NCT04428788Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-12-22

SYN

DRUGHUNTER

https://drughunter.com/molecule/gridegalutamide-bms-986365-cc-94676

PAT

Example 17: 2-((R)-4-(2-(4-(3-(4-Cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2- thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-2-ethylphenoxy)ethyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(3-((2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide hydrochloride

PAT

str1

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References

  1.  Salama AK, Trkulja MV, Casanova E, Uras IZ (December 2022). “Targeted Protein Degradation: Clinical Advances in the Field of Oncology”International Journal of Molecular Sciences23 (23) 15440. doi:10.3390/ijms232315440PMC 9741350PMID 36499765.
  2.  Xie H, Liu J, Alem Glison DM, Fleming JB (2021). “The clinical advances of proteolysis targeting chimeras in oncology”Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy2 (6): 511–521. doi:10.37349/etat.2021.00061PMC 9400722PMID 36046114.
  3.  Rathkopf DE, Patel MR, Choudhury AD, Rasco D, Lakhani N, Hawley JE, et al. (September 2024). “Safety and clinical activity of BMS-986365 (CC-94676), a dual androgen receptor ligand-directed degrader and antagonist, in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer”Annals of Oncology36 (1): 76–88. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2024.09.005PMC 12094577PMID 39293515.
Clinical data
Other namesBMS-986365; CC-94676
Identifiers
IUPAC name
CAS Number2446929-86-6
PubChem CID153513643
ChemSpider133326102
UNIIVA228VR2DI
KEGGD12866
ChEMBLChEMBL6068413
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC41H45F3N8O5S
Molar mass818.92 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
SMILES
InChI

//////////gridegalutamide, ANAX, ADVECT, antiandrogen, antineoplastic, BMS 986365, CC 94676, BMS-986365, CC-94676, CEL 010355, VA228VR2DI,

Glasmacinal


Glasmacinal

CAS 2097822-02-9

MF C37H62N2O10 MW694.90

[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-2-ethyl-3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-15-oxo-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadec-11-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl] benzoate

(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-{[2-O-benzoyl-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino) -β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-2-ethyl3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-
azacyclopentadecan-15-one
non-antibacterial macrolide, anti-inflammatory, EP 395, M3T8D3P634

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US234729681&_cid=P12-MKVZ26-57135-1

Example 2: (2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-2-ethyl-3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-15-oxo-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadec-11-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-3-yl] benzoate)

To a mixture of (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10,13-tetrahydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one (Example 1) (0.5 g, 0.8500 mmol) and Triethylamine (428.2 mg, 4.23 mmol) in DCM (5 ml), cooled on ice, was added Benzoyl chloride (356.9 mg, 2.54 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to reach room temperature. After 3 days good conversion to the desired benzoylated product was obtained and the mixture was portioned between DCM and saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated to a white foam. The product was purified using reversed phase chromatography (see general information)

PAT

str1

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///////glasmacinal, ANAX, ADVECT, non-antibacterial macrolide, anti-inflammatory, EP 395, M3T8D3P634

Frespaciguat


Frespaciguat

CAS 2101645-33-2

MF C27H22ClF5N6O3 MW 608.9 g/mol

3-[4-[(5S)-4-amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl]propanoic acid

3-{4-[(5S)-4-amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}propanoic acid
guanylate cyclase activator, MK5475, MK 5475, sGC activator 1, 6DXN080KGB

Frespaciguat (development code MK-5475) is an experimental inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator developed by Merck for pulmonary arterial hypertension.[1][2][3][4]

Frespaciguat is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-ciguat’ in the name indicates that Frespaciguat is a guanylate cyclase activator and stimulator. Frespaciguat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05612035 (Frespaciguat (MK-5475) INSIGNIA-PH-COPD: A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (an Inhaled sGC Stimulator) in Adults With PH-COPD). Frespaciguat has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 608.14 Da.

  • Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (PH-COPD) (MK-5475-006)CTID: NCT04370873Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-05-28
  • A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (INSIGNIA-PAH: Phase 2/3 Study of an Inhaled sGC Stimulator in PAH) (MK-5475-007)CTID: NCT04732221Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3Status: CompletedDate: 2025-05-25
  • Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Hypoxemia Due to COVID-19 Pneumonia (MK-5475-009)CTID: NCT04425733Phase: Phase 1Status: WithdrawnDate: 2025-05-15
  • Frespaciguat (MK-5475) INSIGNIA-PH-COPD: A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (an Inhaled sGC Stimulator) in Adults With PH-COPDCTID: NCT05612035Phase: Phase 2Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-10-07
  • A Study of Single Doses of Frespaciguat (MK-5475) on Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (MK-5475-002)CTID: NCT03744637Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-06-04

SYN

US10030027,

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US199416000&_cid=P12-MKUJSJ-89968-1

Example 10B

(S)-3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoic acid

Step A—(S)-Methyl 3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoate

      In a flask containing I-A1 (91 mg, 0.27 mmol), I-11B (80 mg, 0.24 mmol) and potassium bicarbonate (73.2 mg, 0.73 mmol) in t-BuOH (2.4 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to RT, diluted with EtOAc and water, and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydr. Na 2SO 4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with (EtOAc:EtOH 3:1):hexane (0-40%) to afford the title compound. m/z=623 (M+1).

Step B—(S)-3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoic acid

      In a flask containing (S)-methyl 3-(4-{4-amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoate (120 mg, 0.19 mmol) in dioxane (8.7 mL) was added LiOH (46 mg, 1.93 mmol) in water (1 mL). The reaction was stirred 2 h at 50° C. The reaction was cooled to RT, concentrated in vacuo and diluted with EtOAc. Acetic acid (132 μl, 2.31 mmol) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (2×), dried over anhydr. MgSO 4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with (EtOAc:EtOH 3:1):hexane (0-100%) to afford the title compound Ex-10B. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 12.12 (s, 1H), 11.09 (s, 1H), 8.69 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J=8.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.11 (m, 4H), 6.54 (s, 2H), 4.82 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.90 (tt, J=19.4, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.52-2.49 (m, 2H), 1.76 (s, 3H); m/z=609 (M+1).

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2025006295&_cid=P12-MKUJNS-84717-1

EXAMPLE 2

[0038] To an autoclave was charged anisole (12.78 L), indazole ester (IV) (2.13 kg, 5.64 mol), and hexamethyldisilazane (4.55 kg, 28.2 mol). The mixture was cooled to 0-5 oC and the vessel was placed under slight positive pressure with no N2 sweeping. A solution of H2O (203.21 g, 11.27 mol) in sulfolane (6.39 L) was added while keeping at < 10 oC in order to minimize NH3 gas escaping. The resulting mixture was cooled to -10 oC, then TfOH (1.692 kg, 11.27 mol) was slowly added at < 22 oC. The vessel was sealed and the mixture was heated at 120-130 °C for 24 h. The upper vessel was kept warm so that solid ammonium triflate did not deposit there.

[0039] After cooling the mixture to rt, the batch (biphasic) was further cooled to 0-10 oC.2.4 equiv 1N KOH (13.53 L, 14.207 kg, 13.53 mol) was slowly added at < 25 oC. After agitating for 30 min, and letting settle at rt, the bottom aqueous layer was removed (pH~14). The organic layer was washed with 18% brine (10.5 L). The aqueous layer was removed (pH ~12). To the organic phase was added ¼ (101 mL, 149 g) of 1.1 equiv methanesulfonic acid (402 mL, 595 g, 6.20 mol), then seeded with 0.2 wt% amidine MSA type A (8.5 g). The rest of MSA (447 g, 302 mL) was then slowly added over 1 h. During MSA addition, the temperature was controlled at < 25 oC. The resulting slurry, after aging at 22 oC for 15 h, was filtered, then displacement washed with 2 x 3 vol 2-MeTHF (2 x 6.4 L), and vacuum dried under N2 at < 30 °C for 24 h. The product (III) was obtained (4.62 kg, 10.58 mol, 93 % yield) as an off-white to light beige solid.

PAT

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Legal status
Legal statusInvestigational
Identifiers
IUPAC name
CAS Number2101645-33-2
PubChem CID129242560
ChemSpider129394387
UNII6DXN080KGB
ChEMBLChEMBL5944803
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC27H22ClF5N6O3
Molar mass608.95 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
SMILES
InChI

References

  1.  Bajwa, Ednan K.; Cislak, Dawn; Palcza, John; Feng, Hwa-ping; Messina, Eric J.; Reynders, Tom; Denef, Jean-François; Corcea, Vasile; Lai, Eseng; Stoch, S. Aubrey (January 2023). “Effects of an inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator MK-5475 in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)”Respiratory Medicine206 107065. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107065PMID 36521262.
  2.  Patel, Mahesh J.; Bajwa, Ednan K.; Cislak, Dawn; Palcza, John; Reynders, Tom; Barthson, Jenny; Lai, Eseng; Stoch, S. Aubrey (9 September 2023). “A randomized study to evaluate the effects of single-dose MK-5475 co-administered with sildenafil on systemic hemodynamics”. European Respiratory Journal PA1208. doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.PA1208.
  3.  El-Kersh, Karim; Jalil, Bilal A. (July 2023). “Pulmonary hypertension inhaled therapies: An updated review”. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences366 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2023.03.002PMID 36921672.
  4.  Tawa, Masashi; Okamura, Tomio (August 2022). “Factors influencing the soluble guanylate cyclase heme redox state in blood vessels”Vascular Pharmacology145 107023. doi:10.1016/j.vph.2022.107023PMID 35718342.

/////////frespaciguat, ANAX, ADVECT, guanylate cyclase activator, MK5475, MK 5475, sGC activator 1, 6DXN080KGB

Fosrolapitant


Fosrolapitant

CAS 2573694-38-7

MF C27H29F6N2O8P MW654.5 g/mol

phosphonooxymethyl (5S,8S)-8-[[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]methyl]-2-oxo-8-phenyl-1,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-9-carboxylate

(phosphonooxy)methyl (5S,8S)-8-({(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}methyl)-2-oxo-8-phenyl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate
neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, HR20013, HR 20013, M5QGY92X8B

Fosrolapitant (HR20013) is a novel, intravenous, highly selective neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), particularly for cisplatin-based regimens. As a prodrug, it is rapidly converted to rolapitant, offering a long half-life (~180 h). It is often combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone for high efficacy. 

Fosrolapitant is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-pitant’ in the name indicates that Fosrolapitant is a neurokinin NK1​ (substance P) receptor antagonist. Fosrolapitant has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 654.16 Da.

Key Aspects of Fosrolapitant:

  • Mechanism: Acts as an NK-1 receptor antagonist to prevent nausea/vomiting.
  • Administration: Intravenous (IV) formula, often combined as a fixed-dose with palonosetron (HR20013).
  • Metabolism: Completely converted to rolapitant in the body, which has a prolonged half-life of approximately 180 hours.
  • Clinical Efficacy: In trials (e.g., PROFIT trial), it demonstrated high effectiveness in preventing CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
  • Safety Profile: Common adverse events in trials included constipation (22.7%), increased blood pressure (18.2%), abdominal distension (13.6%), and injection site reactions (9.1%). 

Fosrolapitant is designed to improve convenience and patient compliance in managing acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with cancer treatments. 

HR20013 for Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Moderate Emetic Risk Anticancer Agents

CTID: NCT06554184

Phase: Phase 3

Status: Completed

Date: 2025-11-17

SYN

WO-2020259675-A1

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020259675&_cid=P20-MKT4GS-85082-1

Under N2 protection, compound 3 (1.95 g, 2.543 mmol, 1 eq) dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added to a 100 

mL single-necked flask. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.45 mL, 19.52 mmol, 8 eq) was slowly added under ice water cooling. The mixture was stirred until the reaction was complete, concentrated, and 2.29 g of oil was obtained. After separation and purification, 1.39 g of white foamy solid was obtained, with a yield of 83.5%. 

[0129]

1H-NMR(400MHz,CD 3OD):δ(ppm)7.89(s,2H),7.86(s,1H),7.41-7.27(m,5H),5.66(d,J=12Hz,1H),5.50-5.47(m,1H),4.60(d,J=8Hz,1H),4.20-3.88(m,3H),2.51-2.10(m,5H),1.86-1.66(m,3H),1.44-1.31(m,4H).

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US380158929&_cid=P20-MKT480-75882-1

Example 1

STEP 1

Compound 1 (2.43 g, 4.86 mmol, 1 eq) was weighed and dissolved in dichloromethane (36 mL) in a 100 mL three-necked flask under N atmosphere. Diisopropylethylamine (5 g, 38.76 mmol, 8 eq) was added and the mixture was cooled to −30° C. Trimethylchlorosilane (1.36 g, 12.52 mmol, 2.6 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to −25° C. A solution of chloromethyl chloroformate (0.77 g, 6 mmol, 1.23 eq) in dichloromethane was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred under controlled temperature at −20° C.˜−5° C. until completion of the reaction. The reaction solution was poured into ice water, put to separation, and extracted with dichloromethane. Water and 1 N hydrochloric acid solution were added and put to separation. The organic layer was then successively washed with brine, saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give 3.0 g yellow jelly with a yield of 104%.

Compound 3 (1.95 g, 2.543 mmol, 1 eq) was added into a 100 mL single-necked flask and dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL) under N atmosphere. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.45 mL, 19.52 mmol, 8 eq) was added slowly under ice water cooling. The reaction mixture was stirred until completion of the reaction, and then concentrated to give 2.29 g oil which was then purified purified to give 1.39 g white foamy solid with a yield of 83.5%.
       1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD 3OD): δ(ppm) 7.89 (s, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.27 (m, 5H), 5.66 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H), 5.50-5.47 (m, 1H), 4.60 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 4.20-3.88 (m, 3H), 2.51-2.10 (m, 5H), 1.86-1.66 (m, 3H), 1.44-1.31 (m, 4H).

PAT

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/////fosrolapitant, neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, HR20013, HR 20013, M5QGY92X8B

Filricianine


Filricianine

CAS 2140857-94-7

MF C45H52N2O12S3, 909.1

3H-Indolium, 3-(3-carboxypropyl)-2-[2-[3-[2-[1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-2H-indol-2-ylidene]ethylidene]-2-(4-sulfophenoxy)-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]ethenyl]-3-methyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-, inner salt

3-[(2Z)-3-(3-carboxypropyl)-2-[(2E)-2-[3-[(E)-2-[3,3-dimethyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)indol-1-ium-2-yl]ethenyl]-2-(4-sulfophenoxy)cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]ethylidene]-3-methylindol-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonate

3-[(3RS)-3-(3-carboxypropyl)-2-{(1Ξ)-2-[(3Ξ)-3-{(2Ξ)-2-[3,3-dimethyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ylidene]ethylidene}-2-(4-sulfophenoxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]ethen-1-yl}-3-methyl-3H-indol-1-ium-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonate
diagnostic imaging agent, CI4MD9KLX8

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////////filricianine, diagnostic imaging agent, CI4MD9KLX8

Fanregratinib


Fanregratinib

CAS 1628537-44-9

MF C27H33ClN6O2, 509.0 g/mol

4-chloro-3-[2-[2-[4-[(3S,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]anilino]pyrimidin-5-yl]ethyl]-5-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, antineoplastic, 8RWL2B2CLS

  • OriginatorHutchison MediPharma
  • DeveloperHutchison MediPharma; HUTCHMED
  • ClassAntineoplastics; Small molecules
  • Mechanism of ActionType 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonists; Type 3 fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonists; Type-2 fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonists
  • PreregistrationCholangiocarcinoma
  • Phase IIMesothelioma
  • Phase I/IISolid tumours
  • 29 Dec 2025Preregistration for Cholangiocarcinoma (Late-stage disease, Metastatic disease, Second-line therapy or greater, Inoperable/Unresectable) in China (PO)
  • 29 Dec 2025Updated efficacy data from a phase II trial in Cholangiocarcinoma released by HUTCHMED
  • 03 Nov 2025HUTCHMED announces intention to submit new drug application to NMPA for Cholangiocarcinoma in first half of 2026

FANREGRATINIB is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II and has 1 investigational indication.
Fanregratinib is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-gratinib’ in the name indicates that Fanregratinib is a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor. Fanregratinib has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 508.24 Da.

Fanregratinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) types 1, 2, and 3 (FGFR1/2/3), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, fanregratinib binds to and inhibits FGFR1/2/3, which may result in the inhibition of FGFR1/2/3-related signal transduction pathways. This inhibits proliferation in FGFR1/2/3-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) upregulated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in cellular proliferation, migration and survival.

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US159751913&_cid=P10-MKQ98D-55657-1

Example 9

Synthesis of Compounds 79-91, 146-155

Compound 79

4-chloro-3-(2-(2-((4-((3S,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)-5-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

(C) 4-chloro-3-(2-(2-(4-((3S,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)-5-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

      A mixture of 4-chloro-3-((E)-2-(2-(4-((3S,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (120 mg, 0.237 mmol), 4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (528 mg, 2.84 mmol) and sodium acetate (233 mg, 2.84 mmol) in THF (6 mL) and water (6 mL) was stirred overnight at 100° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was concentrated. The residue was partitioned between 2N HCl (15 mL) and EA (15 mL). The aqueous layer was then adjusted to pH=8 with 30% NaOH and extracted with DCM (2*15 mL). The combined extracts were concentrated and the residue was purified via ISCO (eluted with MeOH in H 2O 0˜100%) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (50 mg, 41.5% yield). MS (m/z): 509.0 (M+H) +1H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3OD) δ 8.11 (s, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.99 (m, 4H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.82 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.16 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H).

SYN

[WO2014139465]

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2014139465&_cid=P10-MKQ9F3-62190-1

Example 9: Synthesis of Compounds 78-103

Compound 78

4-chloro-3-(2-(2-((4-((3S,5/f)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-5

-yl)ethyl)-5-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

(A) Methyl 4-chloro-3-((JE)-2-(2-(4-((3S,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)

phenylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxybenzoate

A mixture of (E)-methyl 4-chloro-3-(2-(2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxy benzoate (150mg, 0.442 mmol), 4-((35′,5i?)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)aniline (109 mg, 0.531 mmol) and TFA (0.1 mL, 1.326 mmol) in propan~2-oi (5 mL) was stirred at 150 °C for 1 h under microwave. The resulting mixture was concentrated, basified with ammonia water, purified via ISCO (DCM/MeOH) to afford the title compound as a

yellow solid (130 mg, 57.9% yield). MS (m/z): 508.2(M+H)+.

(B) 4-chloro-3-((£)-2-(2-(4-((3S,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)phenylamino)pyrim idin-5-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

A mixture of methyl 4-chloro-3-((E)-2-(2-(4-((35′,5i?)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl) phenylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxybenzoate (250 mg, 0.492 mmol) and methylamine (6 mL, 35% solution in ethanol) was stirred at 145 °C for 22 min under microwave. The resulting mixture was concentrated, purified via ISCO (DCM/MeOH) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (145 mg, 58.1%> yield). MS (m/z):

506.9(M+H)+.

(C) 4-chloro-3-(2-(2-(4-((3S,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)phenylamino)pyrimidin -5-yl)ethyl)-5-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide

A mixture of 4-chloro-3-((E)-2-(2-(4-((35*,5i?)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)

phenylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (120 mg, 0.237 mmol), 4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (528 mg, 2.84 mmol) and sodium acetate (233 mg, 2.84 mmol) in THF (6mL) and water (6mL) was stirred overnight at 100 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was concentrated. The residue was partitioned between 2N HC1 (15 mL) and EA (15 mL). The aqueous layer was then adjusted to pH=8 with 30% NaOH and extracted with DCM (2* 15 mL). The combined extracts were concentrated and the residue was purified via ISCO (eluted with MeOH in H20 0-100%) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (50 mg, 41.5% yield). MS (m/z): 509.0(M+H)+. 1H NM (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.1 1 (s, 2H), 7.44 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.53 – 3.44 (m, 2H), 3.10 – 2.99 (m, 4H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.82 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.16 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 6H).

PAT

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/////////fanregratinib, fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, antineoplastic, 8RWL2B2CLS

Evetifator


Evetifator

CAS 2278265-85-1

MF C20H19ClF3N3O4 MW457.8 g/mol

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[3-[5-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(3-{5-[(1s,3s)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}bicyclo [1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)acetamide
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) activator, DNL-343, DNL 343, FYL3Y9D7SK

Evetifator (also known as DNL343) is a potent, selective, and brain-penetrant small molecule activator of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). As of 2026, it is primarily being investigated for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). 

Key Characteristics and Function 

  • Mechanism of Action: It acts as an eIF2B activator. eIF2B is a critical regulator of protein synthesis; by activating it, the drug aims to address the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) which, when chronically activated, leads to neurodegeneration.
  • Pharmacological Profile:
    • Potency: It shows an IC50cap I cap C sub 50𝐼𝐶50 of 3.2 nM in cellular reporter assays.
    • Brain Penetration: It is specifically designed to cross the blood-brain barrier to target the central nervous system (CNS).

  • A Study to Evaluate the Bioavailability and Safety of DNL343 in Healthy VolunteersCTID: NCT04581772Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2021-06-11
  • A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of DNL343 in Healthy VolunteersCTID: NCT04268784Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2022-02-07
  • HEALEY ALS Platform Trial – Regimen G DNL343CTID: NCT05842941Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3Status: CompletedDate: 2025-02-04
  • A Study to Determine the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of DNL343 in Participants With Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisCTID: NCT05006352Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2024-09-19
  • HEALEY ALS Platform Trial – Master ProtocolCTID: NCT04297683Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-12-31

SYN

WO 2019/032743

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019032743&_cid=P10-MKOU1U-66006-1

EXAMPLE 3

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[3-[5-[cis-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1- bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide

[0257] 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[1-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide (200 mg, 0.65 mmol), 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (131 mg, 0.71 mmol; 8:1 to 10:1 ratio of cis- to trans-) and triethylamine (NEt3) (0.45 mL, 3.23 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (2.6 mL) and T3P solution (0.58 mL, 1.94 mmol, 50 % in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 100 °C overnight, cooled to rt and was diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase prep-HPLC to deliver the desired product as a clear oil. 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δ 7.33-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.91-6.87 (m, 2H), 4.76-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.67 (s, 6H). LC-MS m/z: = 458.20 [M+H]+.

[0258] Alternatively, a mixture of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (50 mg, 0.27 mmol), 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (50 mg, 0.27 mmol), NEt3 (123 mg, 1.21 mmol) and T3P (185 mg, 0.29 mmol, 50% purity) in DCM (1 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. To the mixture was added 1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-3-amine HCl salt (8:1 to 10:1 favoring the cis- diastereomer) (70 mg, 0.24 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h. To the reaction was added sat. aq. NaHCO3 (4 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (5 mL, 3 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL), dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound.

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2022133236&_cid=P10-MKOTTO-58939-1

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[3-[5-[cA-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-l-bicyclo[l.l.l]pentanyl]acetamide, designated herein as Compound I, has the following formula:

Example 1. Synthesis of Compound I

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-/V-[l-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-bicyclo[l.l.l]pentanyl]acetamide

[0131] To a suspension of methyl 3-[[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]amino]bicyclo[l.l.l]pentane-l-carboxylate (270 mg, 0.87 mmol) in EtOH (0.25-0.1M) was added hydrazine hydrate (131 mg, 2.6 mmol) in EtOH (3.5 mL) and the reaction mixture was heated at 90 °C overnight. The reaction mixture

was cooled to rt often causing the product to crystallize out of solution. This solid was collected by removal of the supernatant. If the product did not crystallize, the solution was concentrated, and the crude product was sufficiently pure to use in subsequent steps.

LC-MS m/z: = 310.1 [M+H]+.

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[3-[5-[cis-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide

[0132] 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[1-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide (200 mg, 0.65 mmol), 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (131 mg, 0.71 mmol; 8:1 to 10:1 ratio of cis- to trans-) and triethylamine (NEt3) (0.45 mL, 3.23 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (2.6 mL) and T3P solution (0.58 mL, 1.94 mmol, 50 % in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 100 ºC overnight, cooled to rt and was diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase prep-HPLC to deliver the desired product as a clear oil.1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δ 7.33-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.91-6.87 (m, 2H), 4.76-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.67 (s, 6H). LC-MS m/z: = 458.20 [M+H]+.

[0133] Alternatively, a mixture of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (50 mg, 0.27 mmol), NEt3 (123 mg, 1.21 mmol) and T3P (185 mg, 0.29 mmol, 50% purity) in DCM (1 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. To the mixture was added 1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-3-amine HCl salt (8:1 to 10:1 favoring the cis- diastereomer) (70 mg, 0.24 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h. To the reaction was added sat. aq. NaHCO3 (4 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (5 mL, 3 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL), dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound.

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2023250107&_cid=P10-MKOTXL-62392-1

Example 14: Preparation of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(3-(5-((ls,3s)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)- l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[l.l.l]pentan-l-yl)acetamide (I)

[0377] XI- la, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (XII- la), and 2-MeTHF were charged to a reactor under N2 condition and cooled to 0 ~ 5 °C. TEA was added while maintaining an internal temperature of not more than about 10 °C under N2 condition and rinsed with 2-methyltetrahydrafuran (2-MeTHF). The contents were agitated at about 0 ~ 5 °C for not less than about 20 minutes. Diphenylphosphinic chloride in 2-MeTHF solution is added slowly while maintaining an internal temperature of not more than about 10 °C under N2 condition and rinsed with 2-MeTHF. The contents were warmed to about 20 ~ 25 °C and then agitated for not less than about 1 hour until the reaction was completed. The contents were cooled to about 0 ~ 5 °C and then aqueous 10% K2CO3 was added while maintaining an internal temperature of not more than about 10 °C. After phase separation, the organic layer was successively washed with aqueous 10% K2CO3 and 5% K2CO3. The organic layer was concentrated to a target volume 3 V. 2-MeTHF was added and then the contents were concentrated to a target volume 3 V to control the water content to not more than about 0.3 w/w%. IPA was added and then the contents were heated to about 60 ~ 70 °C to

dissolve all solids. The contents were filtered at about 60 ~ 70 °C through cartridge filter and rinsed with pre-heated IPA (60 ~ 70 °C). The filtrate was concentrated to a target volume 4 V. IPA was added and concentrated to a target volume 4 V to control the residual 2-MeTHF relative to IPA to not more than 1 % by GC. The contents were adjusted to about 20 ~25 °C. n-Heptane was added and then heated to about 60 ~ 80 °C to dissolve all solids. The contents were adjusted to about 62 ~ 70 °C. Seed crystal was charged and agitated for not less than about 0.5 hour. n-Heptane was added while maintaining an internal temperature of about 60 ~ 65 °C. The contents were cooled to about 0 ~ 5 °C over 12 hour (5 °C per hour). The slurry was agitated for not less than 2 hours. The slurry was filtered and washed with precooled IPA/n-heptane mixture. The wet cake was dried at 25 °C under vacuum. If any individual impurity except 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(3-(5-(trans-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[l.l.l]pentan-l-yl)acetamide was more than 0.12%, recrystallization was performed.

[0378] ’H NMR (600 MHz, MeCN-d3): 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.3

PAT

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Evategrel


Evategrel

CAS 2760609-74-1

MF C21H26ClNO7S MW 472.0 g/mol

(2Z)-2-[(4R)-1-[(1S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl]-4-(propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxymethylsulfanyl)piperidin-3-ylidene]acetic acid

(Z)-[(4R)-1-[(1S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl]-4-{[({[(propan-2-yl)oxy]carbonyl}oxy)methyl]sulfanyl}piperidin-3-ylidene]acetic acid
platelet aggregation inhibitor, CG-0255, CG 0255, 9FKJ76ZX22

Evategrel (CG-0255) is a promising new antiplatelet drug, a thioether prodrug, designed to improve upon clopidogrel (Plavix) by offering faster action, consistent potency, and overcoming resistance, with both oral and intravenous (IV) formulations available for emergency use. It works by rapidly converting to the same active metabolite as clopidogrel (H4) through simple hydrolysis, bypassing the CYP enzymes that can cause variability and resistance with clopidogrel. Clinical trials show it’s well-tolerated, potent, and has potential to become a superior P2Y12 inhibitor for preventing blood clots in cardiovascular conditions. 

Key Features

  • Fast & Potent: Achieves significant platelet inhibition (IPA) within 15-30 minutes.
  • Consistent Activation: Relies on liver carboxylesterases, avoiding CYP2C19 variability, leading to less individual response difference.
  • Dual Formulation: First P2Y12 inhibitor with both IV (for emergencies/surgery) and oral forms.
  • Overcomes Resistance: Specifically designed to address clopidogrel resistance issues.
  • Low Drug-Drug Interactions: Expected to have minimal interactions. 

How it Works

  1. Prodrug: Evategrel is inactive when administered.
  2. Hydrolysis: Liver esterase enzymes quickly break it down (hydrolyze it) in a single step.
  3. Active Metabolite: This process creates H4, the same active antiplatelet molecule as clopidogrel’s active form.
  4. Platelet Inhibition: H4 blocks the P2Y12 receptor on platelets, preventing them from clumping (aggregating). 

Development & Potential

  • Developed by China-based CureGene.
  • Shows promise as a “best-in-class” P2Y12 antagonist, potentially benefiting patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or those undergoing PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention). 

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2023144782&_cid=P10-MKNELX-27983-1

Synthesis Example 1

Steps 11 and 12. Synthesize la-1 and la-2


The solution of 1–13 (1.8 g, 3.4 mmol) in TFA (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After stirring, the reaction mixture was added to a saturated NaHCO3 solution (100 mL), followed by collection with EtOAc (100 mL * 3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaHCO3 , dried over Na2SO4 , and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (C18, CH3CN / H2O = 80/20 ) to give la (550 mg, 34% yield). la was further purified by chiral column chromatography to give la-1 and la-2.

the:

LC-MS [M+l]+ = 472.1


57.59 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.86 (s, 1H), 5.22 (dd, 12.2, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.00-4.83 (m, 3H), 4.50 (dd, J = 66.2, 11.9 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 1H), 3.70 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 3H), 3.52 (dd, J = 37.9, 12.9 Hz, 1H), 2.92-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.30 (m, 1 H), 1.95-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.30 (  6.2 Hz, 6H)O

la-1:

NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.46 – 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J = 6.3, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 5.27 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 5.04 – 4.87 (m, 3H), 4.49 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.58 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (s, 2H), 2.44 (s, 1H), 1.95 (dd, J = 14.2, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 6H)O

la-2:

NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.44 (dt, J = 8.2, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 – 7.31 (m,

2H), 5.92 (s, 1H), 5.25 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 4.94 (td, J = 12.5, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 4.68 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.50 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 2.75 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (s, 1H), 1.96 (d, 7 = 13.2 Hz, 1H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 6H) =

PAT

str1

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Enrupatinib


Enrupatinib

CAS 2222689-47-4

MF C27H26N6O3 MW 482.5 g/mol

6-[3-methoxy-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]anilino]-3-morpholin-4-ylquinoxaline-5-carbonitrile

colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, antineoplastic, EI 1071, EI-1071, 9L35RVQ9J6

ENRUPATINIB is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II and has 1 investigational indication.

EI-1071 is a selective Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor kinase inhibitor.

  • A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Amount of EI-1071 in Blood in Healthy VolunteersCTID: NCT04238364Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-02-25
  • A Phase 2 Study to Assess the Safety of EI-1071 and the Effects of EI-1071 on Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease PatientsCTID: NCT06745583Phase: Phase 2Status: RecruitingDate: 2025-07-28
  • OriginatorElixiron Immunotherapeutics
  • Developer4B Technologies; Elixiron Immunotherapeutics
  • ClassAntidementias; Antineoplastics; Small molecules
  • Mechanism of ActionMacrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor antagonists
  • Phase IIAlzheimer’s disease
  • Phase IAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath
  • No development reportedBreast cancer; Colorectal cancer
  • 27 Jul 2025Pharmacodynamics data from preclinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference 2025 (AAIC-2025)
  • 20 Dec 2024Phase-II clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease (Treatment-experienced) in Taiwan (PO) (NCT06745583)
  • 28 Jul 2024Adverse event data from a phase I trial in Alzheimer’s disease presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference 2024 (AAIC-2024)

SYN

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=FF56F70B79B734C8ED557D6943D76B2E.wapp1nC?docId=WO2025067450&_cid=P12-MKLYYQ-95450-1

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2018071348&_cid=P12-MKLZ1L-03304-1

PAT

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