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DRUG APPROVALS BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
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MK 5172 a next Generation HCV NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor
1206524-85-7
Chemical Formula: C29H38N4O7
Exact Mass: 554.27405
Molecular Weight: 554.63462
Elemental Analysis: C, 62.80; H, 6.91; N, 10.10; O, 20.19
IUPAC/Chemical name:
(1aR,5S,8S,10R,22aR)-5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-1,1a,3,4,5,6,9,10,18,19,20,21,22,22a-tetradecahydro-14-methoxy-3,6-dioxo-8H-7,10-methanocyclopropa[18,19][1,10,3,6]dioxadiazacyclononadecino[11,12-b]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid.
Development of a Practical, Asymmetric Synthesis of the Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor MK-5172.Org. Lett. 2013;
15: 4174-4177
MK-5172 is a hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor. Key steps in the synthesis depicted are (1) the regioselective SNAr reaction of dichloroquinoxaline A with prolinol derivative B and (2) construction of the 18-membered macrocycle using a macrolactamization (F → G).
Comment
The medicinal chemistry route to MK-5172 is based on a ring-closing metathesis strategy (S. Harper et al.ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 332). The best regioselectivity (20:1) and minimization of double substitution in the SNAr reaction of A with B was achieved using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as the base in polar solvents such as DMSO, NMP, or DMAc.
A new take on efficient delivery in regenerative medicine
http://www.newsfix.ca/2013/11/13/new-take-efficient-delivery-regenerative-medicine/
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MACITENTAN, Actelions, pulmonary arterial hypertension investigational drug
MACITENTAN
N-[5-(4-Bromophenyl)-6-[2-[(5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]ethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-N’-propylsulfamide,
N-[5-(4-Bromophenyl)-6-[2-[(5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]ethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl] -N’-propylsulfamide
CAS NO 441798-33-0
ACT-064992, Opsumit,UNII-Z9K9Y9WMVL
Mechanism of Action: Endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA)
Date of Approval: October 18, 2013(US)
Indication: Pulmonary Hypertension (PAH)
Company: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
PCT patent application: WO2002053557
FDA N204410, MACITENTANTABLET; ORAL10MG, OPSUMIT, ACTELION PHARMS LTD
Macitentan is achiral
Macitentan is a crystalline powder that is insoluble in water. In the solid state macitentan is very stable, is not hygroscopic, and is not light sensitive.
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Malaria Drug (Furamidine) to Treat Cancer
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Pramlintide
Pramlintide (Symlin), a synthetic version of amylin, is a 37-amino acid peptide that is co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells. It was developed and approved in 2005 by the FDA for use in US patients with type I and II diabetes in conjunction with the administration of prandial insulin to improve postprandial glycemic control
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Pramlintide (Symlin) is a relatively new adjunct for diabetes (both type 1 and 2), developed by Amylin Pharmaceuticals (now a wholly owned subsidiary of Bristol Myers-Squibb). Pramlintide is delivered as an acetate salt.
Pramlintide is an analogue of amylin, a small peptide hormone that is released into the bloodstream by the β-cells of the pancreas along with insulin, after a meal.[1] Like insulin, amylin is completely absent in individuals with Type I diabetes.[2]
Reduction in glycated hemoglobin and weight loss have been shown in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes taking pramlintide as an adjunctive therapy.[3]
By augmenting endogenous amylin, pramlintide aids in the absorption of glucose by slowing gastric emptying, promoting satiety via hypothalamic receptors (different receptors than for GLP-1), and inhibiting inappropriate secretion of glucagon, a catabolic hormone that opposes the effects of insulin and amylin. Pramlintide also has effects in raising the acute first-phase insulin response threshold following a meal.
Pramlintide has been approved by the FDA, for use by Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetics who use insulin.[4]Pramlintide allows patients to use less insulin, lowers average blood sugar levels, and substantially reduces what otherwise would be a large unhealthy rise in blood sugar that occurs in diabetics right after eating. Apart from insulin analogs, pramlintide is the only drug approved by the FDA to lower blood sugar in type 1 diabetics since insulin in the early 1920s.
Design and structure
Since native human amylin is highly amyloidogenic and potentially toxic, the strategy for designing pramlintide was to substitute residues from rat amylin, which is not amyloidogenic (but would presumably retain clinical activity). Proline residues are known to be structure-breaking residues, so these were directly grafted into the human sequence.
Amino acid sequences:
Pramlintide: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTY-(NH2)
Amylin: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTY-(NH2)
Rat amylin: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVRSSNNLGPVLPPTNVGSNTY-(NH2)
Pramlintide as protein is (positively charged).
- Jones MC (2007). “Therapies for diabetes: pramlintide and exenatide” (pdf). American Family Physician 75 (12): 1831–5. PMID 17619527.
- Edelman, Steve; Maier, Holly; Wilhelm, Ken (2008). “Pramlintide in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus”.BioDrugs 22 (6): 375–386. doi:10.2165/0063030-200822060-00004. ISSN 1173-8804.
- Hollander, Priscilla; Maggs, David G.; Ruggles, James A.; Fineman, Mark; Shen, Larry; Kolterman, Orville G.; Weyer, Christian (2004). “Effect of Pramlintide on Weight in Overweight and Obese Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients” (pdf). Obesity 12 (4): 661–668. doi:10.1038/oby.2004.76.ISSN 1930-7381.
- Ryan GJ, Jobe LJ, Martin R (2005). “Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Clinical therapeutics 27 (10): 1500–12. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.10.009. PMID 16330288.
- www.symlin.com – product website
- www.amylin.com – Symlin page on the Amylin Pharmaceuticals website
| Pramlintide Acetate | |
| Pramlintide acetate is a relatively new adjunct treatment for diabetes (both type 1 and 2). |
Pramlintide Acetate, 196078-30-5,
| Synonym | Pramlintide Acetate,Pramlintide acetate hydrate |
| Molecular Formula | C171H267N51O53S2.X(C2H4O2).X(H2O) |
| Molecular Weight | 3949.39 |
Big boost for Incyte as Jakafi shines in PhII
ruxolitinib
Top-line results from a Phase II trial showed that its JAK inhibitor Jakafi (ruxolitinib), in combination with Roche’s Xeloda (capecitabine), improved survival in some patients with recurrent or treatment refractory advanced pancreatic cancer
http://www.pharmatimes.com/Article/13-08-
22/Big_boost_for_Incyte_as_Jakafi_shines_in_PhII.aspx
Ruxolitinib (trade names Jakafi and Jakavi, by Incyte Pharmaceuticals and Novartis) is a drug for the treatment of intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, a type of bone marrow cancer.It is also being investigated for the treatment of other types of cancer (such as lymphomas and pancreatic cancer), for polycythemia vera, and for plaque psoriasis.
The phase III Controlled Myelofibrosis Study with Oral JAK Inhibitor-I (COMFORT-I) and COMFORT-II trials showed significant benefits by reducing spleen size, relieving debilitating symptoms, and improving overall survival.
Mechanism of action
Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor with selectivity for subtypes 1 and 2 of this enzyme.
Side effects
Immunologic side effects have included herpes zoster (1.9%) and case reports of…
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QbD: new Guidance from EMA and FDA
QbD: new Guidance from EMA and FDA
The European Medicine Agency (EMA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Agency (FDA) have published a joint question-and-answer document that provides further guidance on the quality-by-design concept. Read more.
http://www.gmp-compliance.org/ecanl_654_0_news_4015_8280,8356,Z-PDM_n.html
The Quality by Design (QbD) concept has been introduced by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) document Q8, supported by Q9, Q10 and also Q11. In the meantime it is well-known within the pharmaceutical industry. However many companies still struggle with the implementation. Both the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Agency (FDA) are supporting the pharmaceutical industry in the employment of the paradigm. Now, EMA and FDA have published a second joint question-and-answer document that provides further guidance on the quality-by-design concept.
The new document focuses on ‘design space verification’ and reflects conclusions reached in the on-going parallel assessment, which was launched in 2011. The objective of the parallel…
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