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DRUG APPROVALS BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
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Isomiosamine
Isomiosamine
CAS 53844-46-5
MF C9H10N2 MW
146.19 g/mol
3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine
rac-(3R)-3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor, MyMD-1, MYMD-1, Isomyosamine, 3A50Y1J4LP, MyMD Pharmaceuticals
synthetic derivative of tobacco alkaloids
Isomyosamine, also known as MyMD-1 or MYMD-1, is a synthetic derivative of tobacco plant alkaloids being developed as a metabolic- and immunomodulator by MyMD Pharmaceuticals. To date, isomyosamine has been shown to suppress the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α, and decrease the severity of experimental thyroiditis in a murine model.[1] Trials in humans are being planned, and some are underway, examining the potential benefits of isomyosamine in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, and in sarcopenia and frailty.[2]
MyMD Pharmaceuticals claim that MYMD-1 is not immunosuppressive, and thus should not be associated with the dangerous side effects such as infections that are seen in currently used TNF-α inhibitors such as adalimumab.[3] While it is true that there currently is no evidence of immunosuppression in isomyosamine recipients, this has not yet been tested in large clinical trials
Safety and Efficacy of Isomyosamine in Reducing Inflammation and Treating Muscle Loss in Older Adults After Hip or Thigh Bone Fractures
CTID: NCT06942182
Phase: Phase 2
Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2025-04-24
SYN
Isomyosmine
[08] Isomyosmine (3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridine) is a nicotine related alkaloid present in solanecea plants containing nicotine.
PAT
| Unless otherwise clear from context, all percentages referred to herein are expressed as percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Percentages expressed herein as “w/v” refer to mass, in grams, of the component per 100 ml of solvent. For example, a 1% (w/v) composition of isomyosmine contains lg (1000 mg) of isomyosmine per 100 ml of solvent, which is equivalent to 10 mg/ml. |
| Isomyosmine (3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridine) is a nicotine related alkaloid present in solanecea plants containing nicotine. |
PAT
- Method of Treating Substance AddictionsPublication Number: US-2017333415-A1Priority Date: 2015-02-19
- Method of treating addictions to opioidsPublication Number: US-10471052-B2Priority Date: 2015-02-19Grant Date: 2019-11-12
- Method of treating cocaine addictionPublication Number: US-11331310-B2Priority Date: 2015-02-19Grant Date: 2022-05-17
- Method of treating disorders associated with chronic inflammationPublication Number: US-2021106578-A1Priority Date: 2015-03-31
- Method of Treating Substance AddictionsPublication Number: US-2020215045-A1Priority Date: 2015-02-19
- Compositions for e-cigarettesPublication Number: WO-2016133890-A1Priority Date: 2015-02-19
- Method of treating substance addictionsPublication Number: US-9884055-B2Priority Date: 2015-02-19Grant Date: 2018-02-06
- Method of Treating Substance AddictionsPublication Number: US-2018140590-A1Priority Date: 2015-02-19
- Methods of treating sarcopeniaPublication Number: US-11219620-B2Priority Date: 2015-03-31Grant Date: 2022-01-11
- Methods of Treating Apoptosis and Altering Programmed Cell DeathPublication Number: US-2018021321-A1Priority Date: 2015-03-31
- Methods of reversing normal aging process and extending lifespanPublication Number: US-11179382-B2Priority Date: 2015-03-31Grant Date: 2021-11-23
- Method of treating viral infectionsPublication Number: US-10786493-B2Priority Date: 2015-03-31Grant Date: 2020-09-29
- Methods of treating cancer, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions associated with chronic inflammationPublication Number: CN-107666907-BPriority Date: 2015-03-31Grant Date: 2022-05-13
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Scientific studies
Preclinical studies
One preliminary murine study comparing isomyosamine to rapamycin, the best-characterised drug slowing the progression of aging, reported an increase in lifespan in the isomyosamine cohort, indicating anti-aging activity. Isomyosamine’s anti-proliferative effects were similar to those of rapamycin.[4]
Clinical trials
A phase I randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial on healthy volunteers examining the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of different amounts of isomyosamine found no serious adverse events, but 3 cases of mild dysgeusia in the highest-dose (600 mg) cohort. A preliminary decrease in TNF-α levels was reported in the lowest-dose (150 mg) cohort, but not in the placebo cohort.[5]
| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 53844-46-5 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | Interactive image |
| ChemSpider | 9461533 |
| PubChem CID | 11286546 |
| UNII | 3A50Y1J4LP |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID80461155 |
| InChI | |
| SMILES | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C9H10N2 |
| Molar mass | 146.193 g·mol−1 |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | Myosmine Nicotine |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Infobox references | |
References
- Di Dalmazi, Giulia; Chalan, Paulina; Caturegli, Patrizio (2019-03-01). “MYMD-1, a Novel Immunometabolic Regulator, Ameliorates Autoimmune Thyroiditis via Suppression of Th1 Responses and TNF-α Release”. The Journal of Immunology. 202 (5): 1350–1362. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1801238. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 30674573. S2CID 59226562.
- “MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Provides Dosing Update on Phase 2 Multi-Center Clinical Trial of MYMD-1® as a Therapy for Delaying Aging and Extending Healthy Lifespan”. MyMD. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- “MYMD-1®”. MyMD. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- Sabini, Elena; O’Mahony, Alison; Caturegli, Patrizio (2023-02-24). Anderson, Rozalyn M (ed.). “MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin”. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 78 (2): 227–235. doi:10.1093/gerona/glac142. ISSN 1079-5006. PMID 35914953.
- Brager, Jenna; Chapman, Chris; Dunn, Leonard; Kaplin, Adam (2022-11-11). “A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects”. Drug Research. 73 (2): 95–104. doi:10.1055/a-1962-6834. ISSN 2194-9379. PMC 9902179. PMID 36368677.
/////////////isomiosamine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor, MyMD-1, MYMD-1, Isomyosamine, 3A50Y1J4LP, MyMD Pharmaceuticals, ANAX, ADVECT, BLUE JET
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Ismidenon
Ismidenon
CAS 887603-94-3
MF C15H12N2O MW236.27 g/mol
spiro(imidazo-(1,2-a)pyridine-3,2-indan)-2(3H)-one
1′,3′-dihydro-2H-spiro[imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3,2′-inden]-2-one
voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel modulator, ZSET 1446, ST 101, 7TTT61784C
ST-101 is a small peptide antagonist of C/EBPβ and T-type calcium channel activator. ST101 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Essential Tremor and Alzheimer’s Disease.
Ismidenon is an orally bioavailable azaindolizinone derivative and acetylcholine releasing agent, with potential neurocognitive-enhancing activity. Upon oral administration, ismidenon increases acetylcholine release in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission. Ismidenon also decreases amyloid beta peptide production. This may improve neurocognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease.
- Evaluating the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of AD-101 in Healthy VolunteersCTID: NCT03764462Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2019-08-30
- A Pilot Efficacy and Safety Study of ST101 in Essential TremorCTID: NCT01332695Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2012-01-06
- A Phase 1-2 Study of ST101 in Patients With Advanced Solid TumorsCTID: NCT04478279Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-05-11
- Preliminary Efficacy and Safety Study of ST101 in Alzheimer’s DiseaseCTID: NCT00842673Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2012-06-07
- Preliminary Efficacy and Safety Study of ST101 Plus Aricept in Alzheimer’s DiseaseCTID: NCT00842816Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2012-06-07
SYN
PAT
[ 0149 ]
spiro[imidazo[l,2-a]pyridin-2(3H)-one-3,2′-indan] (Compound 24)
[ 0150 ]
Melting Point: 206 0C (decomposition);
NMR (CDCh) δ: 3.16 (2H, d, J=16Hz), 3.89 (2H, d, J=16Hz), 6.49 (IH, t, J=7Hz), 7.1-7.2
(2H, m), 7.2-7.3 (4H, m), 7.61 (IH, t, J=7Hz);
MS m/z: 236 (M+).
PAT
- Heterocyclic compounds and cerebral function improvers containing the same as the active ingredientPublication Number: US-7767824-B2Priority Date: 2001-01-30Grant Date: 2010-08-03
- Azaindolizinone derivatives and cognitive enhancers comprising the same as effective componentsPublication Number: EP-1219621-B1Priority Date: 1999-07-30Grant Date: 2003-10-22
- Azaindolizinone derivatives and cerebral function improvers containing the same as the active ingredientPublication Number: US-6635652-B1Priority Date: 1999-07-30Grant Date: 2003-10-21
- Azaindolizinone derivatives and cerebral function improvers containing the same as the active ingredientPublication Number: EP-1219621-A1Priority Date: 1999-07-30
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///////ismidenon, voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel modulator, ZSET 1446, ST 101, 7TTT61784C
Copper histidinate
Copper histidinate
CAS 12561-67-0 AND 13870-80-9
MF C12H16CuN6O4
FDA 2026, JAN/12/26, Zycubo, To treat Menkes disease, APPROVALS 2026, 9078K3MO9U, MN 88, CUTX 101
copper bis((2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoate)
Copper histidinate, sold under the brand name Zycubo, is a medication used for the treatment of Menkes disease.[1] Copper histidinate is a copper replacement therapy given by subcutaneous injection.[1][2]
The most common side effects include infections, respiratory problems, seizures, vomiting, fever, anemia and injection site reactions.[2]
Copper histidinate was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2026.[2]
Medical uses
Copper histidinate is indicated for the treatment of Menkes disease in children.[1]
Menkes disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic defect that impairs a child’s ability to absorb copper.[2] The disease is characterized by seizures, failure to gain weight and grow, developmental delays, and intellectual disability.[2] It leads to abnormalities of the vascular system, bladder, bowel, bones, muscles, and nervous system.[2]
SYN
A275388 — Flores-Pulido AA, Jimenez-Perez VM, Garcia-Chong NR: Sintesis y uso de histidinato de cobre en ninos con enfermedad de Menkes en Mexico. Gac Med Mex. 2019;155(2):191-195. doi: 10.24875/GMM.18004310. [PubMed:31056589]
PAT
PAT
Publication Number: US-5576326-A
Priority Date: 1989-12-20
Grant Date: 1996-11-19
- Wilson disease genePublication Number: CA-2108927-CPriority Date: 1993-09-21Grant Date: 2008-09-02
- Wilson disease genePublication Number: CA-2106602-A1Priority Date: 1993-09-21
- Wilson disease genePublication Number: WO-9508641-A1Priority Date: 1993-09-21
- Process to obtain new mixed copper aminoacidate complexes from phenanthrolines and their alkyl derivatives to be used as anticancerigenic agentsPublication Number: EP-0434445-A2Priority Date: 1989-12-20
- Method for producing a novel mixed copper amino acid complex used in anticancer drugsPublication Number: JP-H04316581-APriority Date: 1989-12-20METHOD FOR DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTSPublication Number: EP-1097242-A4Priority Date: 1999-05-05
- Method for detecting biological agentsPublication Number: US-2004023272-A1Priority Date: 1999-05-05
- Method for detecting biological agentsPublication Number: WO-0066790-A1Priority Date: 1999-05-05
- Method for detecting biological agentsPublication Number: EP-1097242-A1Priority Date: 1999-05-05
- Process for producing nitrosonium ionsPublication Number: AU-773835-B2Priority Date: 1999-02-24Grant Date: 2004-06-10
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Side effects
The most common side effects include infections, respiratory problems, seizures, vomiting, fever, anemia and injection site reactions.[2]
Society and culture
Legal status
Copper histidinate was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2026.[2] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for copper histidinate priority review, fast track, breakthrough therapy, and orphan drug designations.[2] The FDA granted approval of Zycubo to Sentynl Therapeutics.[2]
Names
Copper histidinate is the international nonproprietary name[3] and the United States Adopted Name.[4]
Copper histidinate is sold under the brand name Zycubo.[5]
References
- Sentynl Therapeutics (12 January 2026). “Zycubo (copper histidinate) for injection, for subcutaneous use” (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2026.
- “FDA Approves First Treatment for Children With Menkes Disease”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 12 January 2026. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - World Health Organization (2025). “International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 94”. WHO Drug Information. 39 (3). hdl:10665/383022.
- “Copper histidinate”. American Medical Association. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
- “Sentynl Therapeutics Inc. Announces FDA Approval of Zycubo (copper histidinate)”. Sentynl Therapeutics. 13 January 2026. Retrieved 15 January 2026 – via PR Newswire.
Further reading
- Scanga R, Scalise M, Marino N, Parisi F, Barca D, Galluccio M, et al. (October 2023). “LAT1 (SLC7A5) catalyzes copper(histidinate) transport switching from antiport to uniport mechanism”. iScience. 26 (10) 107738. Bibcode:2023iSci…26j7738S. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107738. PMC 10492218. PMID 37692288.
External links
- Clinical trial number NCT00001262 for “Copper Histidine Therapy for Menkes Diseases” at ClinicalTrials.gov
- Clinical trial number NCT00811785 for “Molecular Bases of Response to Copper Treatment in Menkes Disease, Related Phenotypes, and Unexplained Copper Deficiency” at ClinicalTrials.gov
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Zycubo |
| Other names | Copper(II) bis(histidinate) |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | zycubo |
| License data | US DailyMed: Copper histidinate |
| Routes of administration | Subcutaneous |
| ATC code | None |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | US: ℞-only[1] |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name | |
| CAS Number | 13870-80-9 |
| PubChem CID | 151722 |
| DrugBank | DB32041 |
| ChemSpider | 133722 |
| UNII | 9078K3MO9U |
| KEGG | D13117 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID30154803 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H16CuN6O4 |
| Molar mass | 371.844 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | Interactive image |
| SMILES | |
| InChI | |
/////////////Copper histidinate, FDA 2026, JAN/12/26, Zycubo, To treat Menkes disease, APPROVALS 2026,
9078K3MO9U, 9078K3MO9U, MN 88, CUTX 101
Idrebormilast
Idrebormilast
CAS 2415085-44-6
MF C18H22BNO4, MW 327.18
Pyridine, 3-[(4R)-2-hydroxy-1,2-oxaborolan-4-yl]-5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)-
(4R)-4-[5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1,2-oxaborolan-2-ol
phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, M6ZU548FWD, PF07038124, PF 07038124
PF-07038124 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05298033 (Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Crisaborole and PF-07038124 With and Without NBUVB in Vitiligo).
IDREBORMILAST is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II (across all indications) and has 2 investigational indications.
- Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Crisaborole and PF-07038124 With and Without NBUVB in VitiligoCTID: NCT05298033Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2024-06-12
- PDE4 Inhibition in Seborrheic Dermatitis and Papulopustular RosaceaCTID: NCT06013371Phase: Phase 2Status: TerminatedDate: 2025-04-24
- A Study To Determine The Safety, Tolerability, Skin Irritation Potential, And PK Following Topical Application Of PF-07038124 In Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT04135560Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2020-05-14
- Study to Evaluate the Safety, Local and Systemic Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple-Dose Topical Administration of PF-07038124 in Japanese Healthy ParticipantsCTID: NCT04863417Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2024-01-25
- Study To Assess Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability And Pharmacokinetics Of PF-07038124 Ointment In Participants With Atopic Dermatitis Or Plaque PsoriasisCTID: NCT04664153Phase: Phase 2Status: CompletedDate: 2022-08-26
SYN
PAT
Example 4: (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol
Method A:
To a mixture of (R)-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)boronic acid (Preparation 6, 55 g, 120 mmol) in IPA (247 mL) was added 5 M hydrogen chloride in IPA (37 mL, 185 mmol) at about 20 °C. The mixture was stirred for about 3 h and concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (500 mL) and 1 N
HCI (500 mL) was added. The layers were separated and the EtOAc layer was extracted with 0.5 N HCI (2 x 200 mL). The aqueous extracts were combined with the separated acidic aqueous layer and washed with EtOAc (3 x 250 mL). The combined acidic aqueous layers were treated with K3PO4 to pH 5-6. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (1 x 500 mL, 2 x 200 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (34.5 g, 88%). This was further purified by preparative SFC (Prep SFC Method C) to afford 29 g as a crude product. The crude product was dissolved in methanol (250 mL) and water (50 mL) and stirred at 20 °C for about 30 min before concentrating. The concentrated solution was partitioned between brine and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc extracts were combined with the separate EtOAc layer and were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in degassed EtOAc (200 mL) and degassed heptane (100 mL) was added slowly. Heptane was added until a precipitate was observed and and the resulting mixture was stirred overnight under N2. The solid was filtered to afford 8.08 g of product. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL). Heptane (25 mL) was slowly added and the mixture stirred overnight open to air. The solid was filtered to afford a second batch (6.16 g). This was repeated a second time to afford 3.0 g. The filtrate was stirred overnight to afford additional batches (2.09 g and 3.1 g) respectively. The solid batches were combined to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (22.3 g, 57%) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO-cfe, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H), 1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+; RT [Analytical SFC Method B] = 7.30 min. [a]20D -23.7 (c = 0.9, EtOH).
Elemental analysis calculated (%) for Ci8H22BN04: C 66.08, H 6.78, N 4.28. Found: C 65.86, H 6.59, N 4.18.
Method B:
Step 1 : To THF (18.0 mL) was added 3-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)prop-1 -en-2-yl)-5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine (Preparation 50, 3.0 g, 7.25 mmol), [lr(COD)CI]2 (CAS 121 12-67-3, 36.9 mg, 0.054 mmol) and (S)[(Sp)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]-4-isopropyloxazoline (CAS 163169-29-7, 52.4 mg, 0.109 mmol). Additional THF (6.0 mL) was added to the mixture which was warmed to about 50 °C for about 5 min. Catecholborane (10.9 mL, 1 0M in THF) was added to the mixture and stirred at about 50 °C for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to about 20 °C and treated with HCI (12.2 M, 1 .51 mL) over 1 min. The mixture was held at about 20 °C for about 1 h, afterwhich a precipitate had formed. The mixture was cooled to about 10 °C and filtered. The filtered solid was washed with THF (6.0 mL) and
dried overnight at 35°C under vacuum to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol hydrochloride monohydrate (3.98 g, 91 %) as a crystalline solid. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz): d 8.98 (d, J = 1 .5 Hz, 1 H), 8.75 (s, 1 H), 8.67 (d, J = 1 .3 Hz, 1 H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.89-3.92 (m, 1 H), 3.86-3.95 (m, 5H), 3.46 (br s, 1 H), 1 .85 (m, 2H), 1 .31 -1 .42 (m, 2H), 1 .08 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.
Step 2: To a solution of (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol hydrochloride monohydrate (2.0 g, 5.24 mmol) in water (60 ml_) was added EtOAc (20 ml_). To the stirred mixture was added NaOH (1 N) dropwise to adjust the pH of the aqeous layer to 7-8. The mixture was stirred at about 20 °C for about 5 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 10 ml_). The combined EtOAc extracts were concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF/MTBE (1 :3, 22 ml_) and stirred at about 20 °C overnight. The precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridine-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (1 .17 g, 68%) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO-cfe, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H), 1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.
Method C:
To a solution of (R)-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)boronic acid (Preparation 6, 29.0 g, 63.1 mmol) in THF (66 mL) was added aqueous HCI (84.2 mL, 252 mmol, 3.0 M) and stirred at 20 °C for about 1 .5 h. The mixture was concentrated. The mixture was diluted with 1 M HCI and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with 1 M HCI (3 x 50 mL). The combined aqueous extracts were neutralized with K3PO4 to pH 7-8 and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (19.0 g, 92%).
This was further purified by preparative SFC (Prep SFC Method C) to afford 18 g of the crude product. The crude product was dissolved in MeOH (100 mL) and water (50 mL). The mixture was partitioned between brine and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated to afford 15 g of product. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (60 mL) and heptane (30 mL) was slowly added over about 3 h. The mixture was stirred at about 20 °C overnight. The precipitate was filtered and dried to afford (8.08 g). This process was repeated 2 more times to afford additional batches (2.01 g and 1 .03 g), respectively. The three batches were combined in heptane (100 mL), chilled to about -78 °C for about 10 min, filtered
and dried to afford (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1 ,2-oxaborolan-2-ol (10.4 g, 51 %) as a crystalline solid. Ή NMR (DMSO -d6, 400MHz): d 8.70 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.68 (s,
1 H), 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 1 H), 1 .71 -1 .80 (m, 2H), 1 .28-1 .35 (m, 1 H), 1 .15 (dd, J = 10.5, 16.4 Hz, 1 H),
1 .00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS m/z = 328 [MH]+.
PAT
- Substituted 1,2-oxaborolan-2-ols as PDE4 inhibitorsPublication Number: US-11559538-B2Priority Date: 2018-10-05Grant Date: 2023-01-24
- Boron-containing PDE4 inhibitorsPublication Number: CN-113166177-BPriority Date: 2018-10-05Grant Date: 2024-09-03
- Boron Containing PDE4 InhibitorsPublication Number: US-2021069219-A1Priority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron containing pde4 inhibitorsPublication Number: CA-3114702-CPriority Date: 2018-10-05Grant Date: 2023-08-08
- PDE4 INHIBITORS CONTAINING BORONPublication Number: BR-112021005870-B1Priority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron containing pde4 inhibitorsPublication Number: WO-2020070651-A1Priority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron-containing PDE4 inhibitorsPublication Number: CN-113166177-APriority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron Containing PDE4 InhibitorsPublication Number: US-2023148402-A1Priority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron containing pde4 inhibitorsPublication Number: EP-3861001-A1Priority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron-containing PDE4 inhibitorsPublication Number: ES-2974208-T3Priority Date: 2018-10-05Grant Date: 2024-06-26
- PDE4 inhibitor (R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxaborolan-2-olPublication Number: US-10946031-B2Priority Date: 2018-10-05Grant Date: 2021-03-16
- Boron-containing PDE4 inhibitorsPublication Number: KR-102576125-B1Priority Date: 2018-10-05Grant Date: 2023-09-08
- Boron-containing PDE4 inhibitorsPublication Number: KR-20210068532-APriority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron containing pde4 inhibitorsPublication Number: EP-3861001-B1Priority Date: 2018-10-05Grant Date: 2023-12-13
- Boron Containing PDE4 InhibitorsPublication Number: US-2020108083-A1Priority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron containing pde4 inhibitorsPublication Number: CA-3114702-A1Priority Date: 2018-10-05
- boron containing pde4 inhibitorsPublication Number: BR-112021005870-A2Priority Date: 2018-10-05
- Boron containing pde4 inhibitorsPublication Number: TW-202027755-APriority Date: 2018-10-05
- Stable topical formulations of 1(r)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxaborolan-2-olPublication Number: CA-3191886-A1Priority Date: 2020-08-20
- STABLE TOPICAL FORMULATIONS OF 1(R)-4-(5-(4-METHOXY-3-PROPOXYPHEN IL)PYRIDIN-3-IL)-1,2-OXABOROLAN-2-OL.Publication Number: MX-2023002086-APriority Date: 2020-08-20
- Stable topical formulations of 1(r)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxaborolan-2-olPublication Number: WO-2022038485-A1Priority Date: 2020-08-20
- 1(R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxaborolan-2-ol is a stable partial preparationPublication Number: CN-115916260-APriority Date: 2020-08-20
- Stable Topical Formulations of 1(R)-4-(5-(4-Methoxy-3-Propoxphenyl)Pyridin-3-YL)-1,2-OX-Aborolan-2-OLPublication Number: US-2023310472-A1Priority Date: 2020-08-20
- Combination therapyPublication Number: WO-2024231312-A2Priority Date: 2023-05-05
- Borate derivative and uses thereofPublication Number: EP-4269418-A1Priority Date: 2020-12-25
- Stable topical formulations of 1(r)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxaborolan-2-olPublication Number: EP-4199902-A1Priority Date: 2020-08-20
- Stable topical formulation of 1(R)-4-(5-(4-methoxy-3-propoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,2-oxaborolan-2-olPublication Number: JP-2023538362-APriority Date: 2020-08-20
- STABLE TOPICAL FORMULATIONS OF 1(R)-4-(5-(4-METHOXY-3-PROPOXYPHENYL)PYRIDIN-3-IL)-1,2-OXABOROLAN-2-OLPublication Number: BR-112023002533-A2Priority Date: 2020-08-20
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//////////idrebormilast, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, M6ZU548FWD, PF07038124, PF 07038124
Gridegalutamide
Gridegalutamide
CAS 2446929-86-6
MF C41H45F3N8O5S MW818.9 g/mol
2-[(2R)-4-[2-[4-[3-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-1-yl]-2-ethylphenoxy]ethyl]-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-N-[3-[[(3R)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl]amino]phenyl]acetamide
antiandrogen, antineoplastic, BMS 986365, CC 94676, BMS-986365, CC-94676, CEL 010355,
VA228VR2DI,
Gridegalutamide is an investigational oral androgen receptor (AR) degrader being developed for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). It belongs to a class of drugs called proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which are designed to selectively degrade specific proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system.[1][2] CC-94676 employs a unique dual mechanism of action, combining AR degradation with AR antagonism, potentially offering advantages over traditional AR inhibitors in overcoming resistance mechanisms.[3] Initially developed by Celgene and now under Bristol Myers Squibb, CC-94676 has demonstrated AR protein degradation and suppression of tumor growth in CRPC mouse models.[2] As of 2024, CC-94676 is being evaluated in phase I clinical trials for patients with mCRPC who have progressed on androgen deprivation therapy and at least one prior secondary hormonal therapy.[1][2]
Gridegalutamide is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-lutamide’ in the name indicates that Gridegalutamide is a non-steroid antiandrogen. Gridegalutamide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04428788 (Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of CC-94676 in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer). Gridegalutamide has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 818.32 Da.
GRIDEGALUTAMIDE is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II (across all indications) and has 3 investigational indications.
Gridegalutamide is an orally bioavailable androgen receptor (AR) degrader, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gridegalutamide causes degradation of AR, prevents AR-mediated signaling and inhibits the proliferation of AR-overexpressing tumor cells. AR plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
- A Study to Evaluate the Drug Levels, Metabolism and Excretion, and Absolute Bioavailability of BMS-986365 in Healthy Male ParticipantsCTID: NCT06433505Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-03-26
- Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of CC-94676 in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate CancerCTID: NCT04428788Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-12-22
SYN
DRUGHUNTER
https://drughunter.com/molecule/gridegalutamide-bms-986365-cc-94676
PAT
Example 17: 2-((R)-4-(2-(4-(3-(4-Cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2- thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-2-ethylphenoxy)ethyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(3-((2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide hydrochloride
PAT
- Combination therapy with substituted 3- ((3-aminophenyl) amino) piperidine-2, 6-dione compoundsPublication Number: CN-120152718-APriority Date: 2022-11-09
- Combination therapy with substituted 3-((3-aminophenyl)amino)piperidine-2,6-dione compoundsPublication Number: WO-2024102706-A1Priority Date: 2022-11-09
- Substituted 3-((3-aminophenyl)amino)piperidine-2,6-dione compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of treatment therewithPublication Number: US-2020199073-A1Priority Date: 2018-12-19
- Substituted 3-((3-aminophenyl)amino)piperidine-2,6-dione compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of treatment therewithPublication Number: US-11149007-B2Priority Date: 2018-12-19Grant Date: 2021-10-19
- Substituted 3-((3-aminophenyl)amino)piperidine-2,6-dione compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of treatment therewithPublication Number: US-11873283-B2Priority Date: 2018-12-19Grant Date: 2024-01-16
- Substituted 3-((3-aminophenyl)amino)piperidine-2,6-dione compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of treatment therewithPublication Number: US-2024368083-A1Priority Date: 2018-12-19
- Substituted 3-((3-aminophenyl)amino)piperidine-2,6-dione compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of treatment therewithPublication Number: US-12404241-B2Priority Date: 2018-12-19Grant Date: 2025-09-02
- Substituted 3-((3-aminophenyl)amino)piperidine-2,6-dione compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of treatment therewithPublication Number: US-2023002321-A1Priority Date: 2018-12-19
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References
- Salama AK, Trkulja MV, Casanova E, Uras IZ (December 2022). “Targeted Protein Degradation: Clinical Advances in the Field of Oncology”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (23) 15440. doi:10.3390/ijms232315440. PMC 9741350. PMID 36499765.
- Xie H, Liu J, Alem Glison DM, Fleming JB (2021). “The clinical advances of proteolysis targeting chimeras in oncology”. Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy. 2 (6): 511–521. doi:10.37349/etat.2021.00061. PMC 9400722. PMID 36046114.
- Rathkopf DE, Patel MR, Choudhury AD, Rasco D, Lakhani N, Hawley JE, et al. (September 2024). “Safety and clinical activity of BMS-986365 (CC-94676), a dual androgen receptor ligand-directed degrader and antagonist, in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer”. Annals of Oncology. 36 (1): 76–88. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2024.09.005. PMC 12094577. PMID 39293515.
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Other names | BMS-986365; CC-94676 |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name | |
| CAS Number | 2446929-86-6 |
| PubChem CID | 153513643 |
| ChemSpider | 133326102 |
| UNII | VA228VR2DI |
| KEGG | D12866 |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL6068413 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C41H45F3N8O5S |
| Molar mass | 818.92 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | Interactive image |
| SMILES | |
| InChI | |
//////////gridegalutamide, ANAX, ADVECT, antiandrogen, antineoplastic, BMS 986365, CC 94676, BMS-986365, CC-94676, CEL 010355, VA228VR2DI,
Frespaciguat
Frespaciguat
CAS 2101645-33-2
MF C27H22ClF5N6O3 MW 608.9 g/mol
3-[4-[(5S)-4-amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl]propanoic acid
3-{4-[(5S)-4-amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}propanoic acid
guanylate cyclase activator, MK5475, MK 5475, sGC activator 1, 6DXN080KGB
Frespaciguat (development code MK-5475) is an experimental inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator developed by Merck for pulmonary arterial hypertension.[1][2][3][4]
Frespaciguat is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-ciguat’ in the name indicates that Frespaciguat is a guanylate cyclase activator and stimulator. Frespaciguat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05612035 (Frespaciguat (MK-5475) INSIGNIA-PH-COPD: A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (an Inhaled sGC Stimulator) in Adults With PH-COPD). Frespaciguat has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 608.14 Da.
- Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (PH-COPD) (MK-5475-006)CTID: NCT04370873Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-05-28
- A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (INSIGNIA-PAH: Phase 2/3 Study of an Inhaled sGC Stimulator in PAH) (MK-5475-007)CTID: NCT04732221Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3Status: CompletedDate: 2025-05-25
- Frespaciguat (MK-5475) in Participants With Hypoxemia Due to COVID-19 Pneumonia (MK-5475-009)CTID: NCT04425733Phase: Phase 1Status: WithdrawnDate: 2025-05-15
- Frespaciguat (MK-5475) INSIGNIA-PH-COPD: A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Frespaciguat (an Inhaled sGC Stimulator) in Adults With PH-COPDCTID: NCT05612035Phase: Phase 2Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-10-07
- A Study of Single Doses of Frespaciguat (MK-5475) on Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (MK-5475-002)CTID: NCT03744637Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-06-04
SYN
US10030027,
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US199416000&_cid=P12-MKUJSJ-89968-1
Example 10B
(S)-3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoic acid
Step A—(S)-Methyl 3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoate
Step B—(S)-3-(4-{4-Amino-2-[6-chloro-1-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)propanoic acid
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2025006295&_cid=P12-MKUJNS-84717-1
EXAMPLE 2
[0038] To an autoclave was charged anisole (12.78 L), indazole ester (IV) (2.13 kg, 5.64 mol), and hexamethyldisilazane (4.55 kg, 28.2 mol). The mixture was cooled to 0-5 oC and the vessel was placed under slight positive pressure with no N2 sweeping. A solution of H2O (203.21 g, 11.27 mol) in sulfolane (6.39 L) was added while keeping at < 10 oC in order to minimize NH3 gas escaping. The resulting mixture was cooled to -10 oC, then TfOH (1.692 kg, 11.27 mol) was slowly added at < 22 oC. The vessel was sealed and the mixture was heated at 120-130 °C for 24 h. The upper vessel was kept warm so that solid ammonium triflate did not deposit there.
[0039] After cooling the mixture to rt, the batch (biphasic) was further cooled to 0-10 oC.2.4 equiv 1N KOH (13.53 L, 14.207 kg, 13.53 mol) was slowly added at < 25 oC. After agitating for 30 min, and letting settle at rt, the bottom aqueous layer was removed (pH~14). The organic layer was washed with 18% brine (10.5 L). The aqueous layer was removed (pH ~12). To the organic phase was added ¼ (101 mL, 149 g) of 1.1 equiv methanesulfonic acid (402 mL, 595 g, 6.20 mol), then seeded with 0.2 wt% amidine MSA type A (8.5 g). The rest of MSA (447 g, 302 mL) was then slowly added over 1 h. During MSA addition, the temperature was controlled at < 25 oC. The resulting slurry, after aging at 22 oC for 15 h, was filtered, then displacement washed with 2 x 3 vol 2-MeTHF (2 x 6.4 L), and vacuum dried under N2 at < 30 °C for 24 h. The product (III) was obtained (4.62 kg, 10.58 mol, 93 % yield) as an off-white to light beige solid.
PAT
- 4-amino-2-(1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and the respective (1h-indazol-3-yl) derivatives as cgmp modulators for treating cardiovascular diseasesPublication Number: EP-3394067-B1Priority Date: 2015-12-22Grant Date: 2020-04-01
- Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulatorPublication Number: TW-201734017-APriority Date: 2015-12-22
- 4-Amino-2- (1h-pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridin-3-yl) -6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5h-pyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives and respectively (1h- indazol-3-yl) are derived as cgmp activators for the treatment of cardiovascular diseasePublication Number: IL-260020-APriority Date: 2015-12-22
- Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulatorsPublication Number: TW-I724079-BPriority Date: 2015-12-22Grant Date: 2021-04-11
- cGMP modulators for the treatment of cardiovascular diseasePublication Number: CN-108738320-BPriority Date: 2015-12-22Grant Date: 2021-11-19
- 4-Amino-2-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro- 5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their respective (1H-indazol-3-yl) derivativesPublication Number: CN-108738320-APriority Date: 2015-12-22
- 4-amino-2-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-B]pyridin-3-yl)-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[ as a cGMP modulator for the treatment of cardiovascular disease 2,3-D]pyridine derivatives and respective (1H-indazol-3-yl) derivativesPublication Number: KR-102191312-B1Priority Date: 2015-12-22Grant Date: 2020-12-15
- Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulatorsPublication Number: US-10030027-B2Priority Date: 2015-12-22Grant Date: 2018-07-24
- 4-Amino-2- (1H-pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridin-3-yl) -6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives and cardiovascular disease (1H-indazol-3-yl) derivatives as cGMP modulators for treatingPublication Number: JP-2018538333-APriority Date: 2015-12-22
- Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulatorsPublication Number: US-2018305366-A1Priority Date: 2015-12-22
- Processes for preparing crystalline soluble guanylate cyclase stimulatorsPublication Number: WO-2025006294-A2Priority Date: 2023-06-26
- Processes for preparing soluble guanylate cyclase stimulatorsPublication Number: WO-2025006295-A1Priority Date: 2023-06-26
- 4-Amino-2- (1H-pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridin-3-yl) -6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives and cardiovascular disease (1H-indazol-3-yl) derivatives as cGMP modulators for treatingPublication Number: JP-6454448-B2Priority Date: 2015-12-22Grant Date: 2019-01-16
- Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulatorsPublication Number: US-10428076-B2Priority Date: 2015-12-22Grant Date: 2019-10-01
- Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulatorsPublication Number: US-2017174693-A1Priority Date: 2015-12-22
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| Legal status | |
|---|---|
| Legal status | Investigational |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name | |
| CAS Number | 2101645-33-2 |
| PubChem CID | 129242560 |
| ChemSpider | 129394387 |
| UNII | 6DXN080KGB |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL5944803 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C27H22ClF5N6O3 |
| Molar mass | 608.95 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | Interactive image |
| SMILES | |
| InChI | |
References
- Bajwa, Ednan K.; Cislak, Dawn; Palcza, John; Feng, Hwa-ping; Messina, Eric J.; Reynders, Tom; Denef, Jean-François; Corcea, Vasile; Lai, Eseng; Stoch, S. Aubrey (January 2023). “Effects of an inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator MK-5475 in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)”. Respiratory Medicine. 206 107065. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107065. PMID 36521262.
- Patel, Mahesh J.; Bajwa, Ednan K.; Cislak, Dawn; Palcza, John; Reynders, Tom; Barthson, Jenny; Lai, Eseng; Stoch, S. Aubrey (9 September 2023). “A randomized study to evaluate the effects of single-dose MK-5475 co-administered with sildenafil on systemic hemodynamics”. European Respiratory Journal PA1208. doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.PA1208.
- El-Kersh, Karim; Jalil, Bilal A. (July 2023). “Pulmonary hypertension inhaled therapies: An updated review”. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 366 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2023.03.002. PMID 36921672.
- Tawa, Masashi; Okamura, Tomio (August 2022). “Factors influencing the soluble guanylate cyclase heme redox state in blood vessels”. Vascular Pharmacology. 145 107023. doi:10.1016/j.vph.2022.107023. PMID 35718342.
/////////frespaciguat, ANAX, ADVECT, guanylate cyclase activator, MK5475, MK 5475, sGC activator 1, 6DXN080KGB
Fosrolapitant
Fosrolapitant
CAS 2573694-38-7
MF C27H29F6N2O8P MW654.5 g/mol
phosphonooxymethyl (5S,8S)-8-[[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]methyl]-2-oxo-8-phenyl-1,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-9-carboxylate
(phosphonooxy)methyl (5S,8S)-8-({(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}methyl)-2-oxo-8-phenyl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate
neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, HR20013, HR 20013, M5QGY92X8B
Fosrolapitant (HR20013) is a novel, intravenous, highly selective neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), particularly for cisplatin-based regimens. As a prodrug, it is rapidly converted to rolapitant, offering a long half-life (~180 h). It is often combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone for high efficacy.
Fosrolapitant is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem ‘-pitant’ in the name indicates that Fosrolapitant is a neurokinin NK1 (substance P) receptor antagonist. Fosrolapitant has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 654.16 Da.
Key Aspects of Fosrolapitant:
- Mechanism: Acts as an NK-1 receptor antagonist to prevent nausea/vomiting.
- Administration: Intravenous (IV) formula, often combined as a fixed-dose with palonosetron (HR20013).
- Metabolism: Completely converted to rolapitant in the body, which has a prolonged half-life of approximately 180 hours.
- Clinical Efficacy: In trials (e.g., PROFIT trial), it demonstrated high effectiveness in preventing CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
- Safety Profile: Common adverse events in trials included constipation (22.7%), increased blood pressure (18.2%), abdominal distension (13.6%), and injection site reactions (9.1%).
Fosrolapitant is designed to improve convenience and patient compliance in managing acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with cancer treatments.
HR20013 for Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Moderate Emetic Risk Anticancer Agents
CTID: NCT06554184
Phase: Phase 3
Status: Completed
Date: 2025-11-17
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020259675&_cid=P20-MKT4GS-85082-1
Under N2 protection, compound 3 (1.95 g, 2.543 mmol, 1 eq) dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added to a 100
mL single-necked flask. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.45 mL, 19.52 mmol, 8 eq) was slowly added under ice water cooling. The mixture was stirred until the reaction was complete, concentrated, and 2.29 g of oil was obtained. After separation and purification, 1.39 g of white foamy solid was obtained, with a yield of 83.5%.
[0129]
1H-NMR(400MHz，CD 3OD):δ(ppm)7.89(s，2H)，7.86(s，1H)，7.41-7.27(m，5H)，5.66(d，J＝12Hz，1H)，5.50-5.47(m，1H)，4.60(d，J＝8Hz，1H)，4.20-3.88(m，3H)，2.51-2.10(m，5H)，1.86-1.66(m，3H)，1.44-1.31(m，4H).
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US380158929&_cid=P20-MKT480-75882-1
Example 1
STEP 1
Compound 1 (2.43 g, 4.86 mmol, 1 eq) was weighed and dissolved in dichloromethane (36 mL) in a 100 mL three-necked flask under N 2 atmosphere. Diisopropylethylamine (5 g, 38.76 mmol, 8 eq) was added and the mixture was cooled to −30° C. Trimethylchlorosilane (1.36 g, 12.52 mmol, 2.6 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to −25° C. A solution of chloromethyl chloroformate (0.77 g, 6 mmol, 1.23 eq) in dichloromethane was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred under controlled temperature at −20° C.˜−5° C. until completion of the reaction. The reaction solution was poured into ice water, put to separation, and extracted with dichloromethane. Water and 1 N hydrochloric acid solution were added and put to separation. The organic layer was then successively washed with brine, saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give 3.0 g yellow jelly with a yield of 104%.
| Compound 3 (1.95 g, 2.543 mmol, 1 eq) was added into a 100 mL single-necked flask and dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL) under N 2 atmosphere. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.45 mL, 19.52 mmol, 8 eq) was added slowly under ice water cooling. The reaction mixture was stirred until completion of the reaction, and then concentrated to give 2.29 g oil which was then purified purified to give 1.39 g white foamy solid with a yield of 83.5%. |
PAT
- Use of nk1 antagonist prodrug compound in combination with 5-ht3 receptor antagonistPublication Number: US-2024016822-A1Priority Date: 2020-12-25
- Use of nk1 antagonist prodrug compound in combination with 5-ht3 receptor antagonistPublication Number: EP-4268818-A1Priority Date: 2020-12-25
- Neurokinin-1 antagonistPublication Number: EP-3991730-A1Priority Date: 2019-06-28
- Neurokinin-1 antagonistPublication Number: WO-2020259675-A1Priority Date: 2019-06-28
- Neurokinin-1 antagonistsPublication Number: TW-202115064-APriority Date: 2019-06-28
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/////fosrolapitant, neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, HR20013, HR 20013, M5QGY92X8B
Evetifator
Evetifator
CAS 2278265-85-1
MF C20H19ClF3N3O4 MW457.8 g/mol
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[3-[5-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(3-{5-[(1s,3s)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}bicyclo [1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)acetamide
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) activator, DNL-343, DNL 343, FYL3Y9D7SK
Evetifator (also known as DNL343) is a potent, selective, and brain-penetrant small molecule activator of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). As of 2026, it is primarily being investigated for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Key Characteristics and Function
- Mechanism of Action: It acts as an eIF2B activator. eIF2B is a critical regulator of protein synthesis; by activating it, the drug aims to address the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) which, when chronically activated, leads to neurodegeneration.
- Pharmacological Profile:
- Potency: It shows an
IC50cap I cap C sub 50𝐼𝐶50 of 3.2 nM in cellular reporter assays.
- Brain Penetration: It is specifically designed to cross the blood-brain barrier to target the central nervous system (CNS).
- Potency: It shows an
- A Study to Evaluate the Bioavailability and Safety of DNL343 in Healthy VolunteersCTID: NCT04581772Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2021-06-11
- A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of DNL343 in Healthy VolunteersCTID: NCT04268784Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2022-02-07
- HEALEY ALS Platform Trial – Regimen G DNL343CTID: NCT05842941Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3Status: CompletedDate: 2025-02-04
- A Study to Determine the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of DNL343 in Participants With Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisCTID: NCT05006352Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2024-09-19
- HEALEY ALS Platform Trial – Master ProtocolCTID: NCT04297683Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-12-31
SYN
WO 2019/032743
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019032743&_cid=P10-MKOU1U-66006-1
EXAMPLE 3
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[3-[5-[cis-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1- bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide
[0257] 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[1-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide (200 mg, 0.65 mmol), 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (131 mg, 0.71 mmol; 8:1 to 10:1 ratio of cis- to trans-) and triethylamine (NEt3) (0.45 mL, 3.23 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (2.6 mL) and T3P solution (0.58 mL, 1.94 mmol, 50 % in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 100 °C overnight, cooled to rt and was diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase prep-HPLC to deliver the desired product as a clear oil. 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δ 7.33-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.91-6.87 (m, 2H), 4.76-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.67 (s, 6H). LC-MS m/z: = 458.20 [M+H]+.
[0258] Alternatively, a mixture of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (50 mg, 0.27 mmol), 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (50 mg, 0.27 mmol), NEt3 (123 mg, 1.21 mmol) and T3P (185 mg, 0.29 mmol, 50% purity) in DCM (1 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. To the mixture was added 1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-3-amine HCl salt (8:1 to 10:1 favoring the cis- diastereomer) (70 mg, 0.24 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h. To the reaction was added sat. aq. NaHCO3 (4 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (5 mL, 3 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL), dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound.
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2022133236&_cid=P10-MKOTTO-58939-1
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[3-[5-[cA-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-l-bicyclo[l.l.l]pentanyl]acetamide, designated herein as Compound I, has the following formula:
Example 1. Synthesis of Compound I
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-/V-[l-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-bicyclo[l.l.l]pentanyl]acetamide
[0131] To a suspension of methyl 3-[[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]amino]bicyclo[l.l.l]pentane-l-carboxylate (270 mg, 0.87 mmol) in EtOH (0.25-0.1M) was added hydrazine hydrate (131 mg, 2.6 mmol) in EtOH (3.5 mL) and the reaction mixture was heated at 90 °C overnight. The reaction mixture
was cooled to rt often causing the product to crystallize out of solution. This solid was collected by removal of the supernatant. If the product did not crystallize, the solution was concentrated, and the crude product was sufficiently pure to use in subsequent steps.
LC-MS m/z: = 310.1 [M+H]+.
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[3-[5-[cis-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide
[0132] 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[1-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl]acetamide (200 mg, 0.65 mmol), 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (131 mg, 0.71 mmol; 8:1 to 10:1 ratio of cis- to trans-) and triethylamine (NEt3) (0.45 mL, 3.23 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (2.6 mL) and T3P solution (0.58 mL, 1.94 mmol, 50 % in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 100 ºC overnight, cooled to rt and was diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase prep-HPLC to deliver the desired product as a clear oil.1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDCl3): δ 7.33-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.91-6.87 (m, 2H), 4.76-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.67 (s, 6H). LC-MS m/z: = 458.20 [M+H]+.
[0133] Alternatively, a mixture of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (50 mg, 0.27 mmol), NEt3 (123 mg, 1.21 mmol) and T3P (185 mg, 0.29 mmol, 50% purity) in DCM (1 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. To the mixture was added 1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-3-amine HCl salt (8:1 to 10:1 favoring the cis- diastereomer) (70 mg, 0.24 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h. To the reaction was added sat. aq. NaHCO3 (4 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (5 mL, 3 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL), dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound.
PAT
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2023250107&_cid=P10-MKOTXL-62392-1
Example 14: Preparation of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(3-(5-((ls,3s)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)- l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[l.l.l]pentan-l-yl)acetamide (I)
[0377] XI- la, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (XII- la), and 2-MeTHF were charged to a reactor under N2 condition and cooled to 0 ~ 5 °C. TEA was added while maintaining an internal temperature of not more than about 10 °C under N2 condition and rinsed with 2-methyltetrahydrafuran (2-MeTHF). The contents were agitated at about 0 ~ 5 °C for not less than about 20 minutes. Diphenylphosphinic chloride in 2-MeTHF solution is added slowly while maintaining an internal temperature of not more than about 10 °C under N2 condition and rinsed with 2-MeTHF. The contents were warmed to about 20 ~ 25 °C and then agitated for not less than about 1 hour until the reaction was completed. The contents were cooled to about 0 ~ 5 °C and then aqueous 10% K2CO3 was added while maintaining an internal temperature of not more than about 10 °C. After phase separation, the organic layer was successively washed with aqueous 10% K2CO3 and 5% K2CO3. The organic layer was concentrated to a target volume 3 V. 2-MeTHF was added and then the contents were concentrated to a target volume 3 V to control the water content to not more than about 0.3 w/w%. IPA was added and then the contents were heated to about 60 ~ 70 °C to
dissolve all solids. The contents were filtered at about 60 ~ 70 °C through cartridge filter and rinsed with pre-heated IPA (60 ~ 70 °C). The filtrate was concentrated to a target volume 4 V. IPA was added and concentrated to a target volume 4 V to control the residual 2-MeTHF relative to IPA to not more than 1 % by GC. The contents were adjusted to about 20 ~25 °C. n-Heptane was added and then heated to about 60 ~ 80 °C to dissolve all solids. The contents were adjusted to about 62 ~ 70 °C. Seed crystal was charged and agitated for not less than about 0.5 hour. n-Heptane was added while maintaining an internal temperature of about 60 ~ 65 °C. The contents were cooled to about 0 ~ 5 °C over 12 hour (5 °C per hour). The slurry was agitated for not less than 2 hours. The slurry was filtered and washed with precooled IPA/n-heptane mixture. The wet cake was dried at 25 °C under vacuum. If any individual impurity except 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(3-(5-(trans-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)bicyclo[l.l.l]pentan-l-yl)acetamide was more than 0.12%, recrystallization was performed.
[0378] ’H NMR (600 MHz, MeCN-d3): 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.3
PAT
- Compounds, compositions and methodsPublication Number: JP-2023052166-APriority Date: 2017-08-09
- Compounds, compositions, and methodsPublication Number: CN-111094233-BPriority Date: 2017-08-09Grant Date: 2024-03-15
- Modulators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, compositions and methodsPublication Number: US-11236100-B2Priority Date: 2017-08-09Grant Date: 2022-02-01
- Compounds, compositions, and methodsPublication Number: CN-118239938-APriority Date: 2017-08-09
- Solid forms of a compoundPublication Number: US-2024059662-A1Priority Date: 2020-12-18
- Modulators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, compositions and methodsPublication Number: US-2022411433-A1Priority Date: 2017-08-09
- COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODSPublication Number: WO-2019032743-A1Priority Date: 2017-08-09
- Modulators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, compositions and methodsPublication Number: US-11851440-B2Priority Date: 2017-08-09Grant Date: 2023-12-26
- Compounds, compositions and methodsPublication Number: US-2021147435-A1Priority Date: 2017-08-09
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//////evetifator, ANAX, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) activator, DNL-343, DNL 343, FYL3Y9D7SK
Evategrel
Evategrel
CAS 2760609-74-1
MF C21H26ClNO7S MW 472.0 g/mol
(2Z)-2-[(4R)-1-[(1S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl]-4-(propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxymethylsulfanyl)piperidin-3-ylidene]acetic acid
(Z)-[(4R)-1-[(1S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl]-4-{[({[(propan-2-yl)oxy]carbonyl}oxy)methyl]sulfanyl}piperidin-3-ylidene]acetic acid
platelet aggregation inhibitor, CG-0255, CG 0255, 9FKJ76ZX22
Evategrel (CG-0255) is a promising new antiplatelet drug, a thioether prodrug, designed to improve upon clopidogrel (Plavix) by offering faster action, consistent potency, and overcoming resistance, with both oral and intravenous (IV) formulations available for emergency use. It works by rapidly converting to the same active metabolite as clopidogrel (H4) through simple hydrolysis, bypassing the CYP enzymes that can cause variability and resistance with clopidogrel. Clinical trials show it’s well-tolerated, potent, and has potential to become a superior P2Y12 inhibitor for preventing blood clots in cardiovascular conditions.
Key Features
- Fast & Potent: Achieves significant platelet inhibition (IPA) within 15-30 minutes.
- Consistent Activation: Relies on liver carboxylesterases, avoiding CYP2C19 variability, leading to less individual response difference.
- Dual Formulation: First P2Y12 inhibitor with both IV (for emergencies/surgery) and oral forms.
- Overcomes Resistance: Specifically designed to address clopidogrel resistance issues.
- Low Drug-Drug Interactions: Expected to have minimal interactions.
How it Works
- Prodrug: Evategrel is inactive when administered.
- Hydrolysis: Liver esterase enzymes quickly break it down (hydrolyze it) in a single step.
- Active Metabolite: This process creates H4, the same active antiplatelet molecule as clopidogrel’s active form.
- Platelet Inhibition: H4 blocks the P2Y12 receptor on platelets, preventing them from clumping (aggregating).
Development & Potential
- Developed by China-based CureGene.
- Shows promise as a “best-in-class” P2Y12 antagonist, potentially benefiting patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or those undergoing PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention).
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2023144782&_cid=P10-MKNELX-27983-1
Synthesis Example 1
Steps 11 and 12. Synthesize la-1 and la-2
The solution of 1–13 (1.8 g, 3.4 mmol) in TFA (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After stirring, the reaction mixture was added to a saturated NaHCO3 solution (100 mL), followed by collection with EtOAc (100 mL * 3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaHCO3 , dried over Na2SO4 , and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by reversed-phase column chromatography (C18, CH3CN / H2O = 80/20 ) to give la (550 mg, 34% yield). la was further purified by chiral column chromatography to give la-1 and la-2.
the:
LC-MS [M+l]+ = 472.1
57.59 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.86 (s, 1H), 5.22 (dd, 12.2, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.00-4.83 (m, 3H), 4.50 (dd, J = 66.2, 11.9 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 1H), 3.70 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 3H), 3.52 (dd, J = 37.9, 12.9 Hz, 1H), 2.92-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.30 (m, 1 H), 1.95-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.30 ( 6.2 Hz, 6H)O
la-1：
NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.46 – 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J = 6.3, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 5.27 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 5.04 – 4.87 (m, 3H), 4.49 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.58 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (s, 2H), 2.44 (s, 1H), 1.95 (dd, J = 14.2, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 6H)O
la-2:
NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.44 (dt, J = 8.2, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 – 7.31 (m,
2H), 5.92 (s, 1H), 5.25 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 4.94 (td, J = 12.5, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 4.68 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.50 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 2.75 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (s, 1H), 1.96 (d, 7 = 13.2 Hz, 1H), 1.34 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 6H) =
PAT
- Pharmaceutical composition of antiplatelet drug, and use thereofPublication Number: WO-2023144782-A1Priority Date: 2022-01-28
- Antiplatelet drugs and uses thereofPublication Number: US-2023295089-A1Priority Date: 2020-07-29
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/////////evategrel, platelet aggregation inhibitor, CG-0255, CG 0255, 9FKJ76ZX22
Emestedastat
Emestedastat
CAS 1346013-80-6
MF C19H19N5O2S MW381.5 g/mol
[(1R,3r,5S)-3-hydroxy-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl][5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)thiophen-3-yl]methanone
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, UE-2343, UE 2343, 106ELK29GH
Emestedastat (proposed brand name Xanamem; developmental code name UE-2343) is a steroidogenesis inhibitor which is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and fragile X syndrome.[1][2] It specifically acts as a centrally penetrant inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and thereby inhibits the synthesis of the glucocorticoid steroid hormone cortisol.[1][3][4][2] As of August 2024, emestedastat is in phase 2 clinical trials for major depressive disorder and Alzheimer’s disease and is in the preclinical stage of development for fragile X syndrome.[1][2] Clinical effectiveness for Alzheimer’s disease has been mixed.[2] It was originated by the University of Edinburgh and is being developed by Actinogen Medical.[1]
- Phase I MAD, Fed-Fasted, CSF Study of UE2343 in Healthy SubjectsCTID: NCT02616445Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-01-22
- Effect of 10 mg Xanamem on Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s DiseaseCTID: NCT06125951Phase: Phase 2Status: Active, not recruitingDate: 2025-12-02
- A Phase I Study of Oral UE2343 in Healthy SubjectsCTID: NCT01770886Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2013-07-17
- Xanamem™ in Healthy Elderly SubjectsCTID: NCT03830762Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2025-01-22
- OriginatorUniversity of Edinburgh
- DeveloperActinogen Medical
- ClassAntidementias; Azabicyclo compounds; Ketones; Pyrazoles; Pyrimidines; Small molecules; Thiophenes
- Mechanism of Action11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors
- Phase II/IIIAlzheimer’s disease
- Phase IIMajor depressive disorder
- No development reportedFragile X syndrome
- 15 Sep 2025Meeting similar to that of Type C will be held for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with European Medicines Agency and subsequently with the UK MHRA and other regulators in 2026
- 27 Aug 2025Pharmacokinetics data from a phase I pharmacokinetics trial in volunteers released by Actinogen
- 28 Jul 2025No recent reports of development identified for preclinical development in Fragile-X-syndrome in Australia (PO)
Syn
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2022094668&_cid=P20-MKKJLN-11715-1
SYN
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021062472&_cid=P20-MKKJLN-11715-1
PAT
- medical cognitive therapyPublication Number: CN-114761005-APriority Date: 2019-09-30
- Medicinal cognitive treatmentsPublication Number: CA-3152902-A1Priority Date: 2019-09-30
- Therapeutic editingPublication Number: AU-2020395113-A1Priority Date: 2019-12-02
- Medicinal cognitive treatmentsPublication Number: EP-4037684-A1Priority Date: 2019-09-30
- Medicinal cognitive treatmentsPublication Number: US-2023000843-A1Priority Date: 2019-09-30
- Medicinal cognitive treatmentsPublication Number: WO-2021062472-A1Priority Date: 2019-09-30
- Cognitive pharmacological treatmentPublication Number: JP-2022550221-APriority Date: 2019-09-30
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References
- “UE 2343”. AdisInsight. 28 August 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- Seckl J (January 2024). “11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the brain: Not (yet) lost in translation”. Journal of Internal Medicine. 295 (1): 20–37. doi:10.1111/joim.13741. PMID 37941106.
- Bachurin SO, Gavrilova SI, Samsonova A, Barreto GE, Aliev G (March 2018). “Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease: Contemporary approaches to diagnostics and pharmacological intervention”. Pharmacological Research. 129: 216–226. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.021. PMID 29170097.
- Canet G, Hernandez C, Zussy C, Chevallier N, Desrumaux C, Givalois L (2019). “Is AD a Stress-Related Disorder? Focus on the HPA Axis and Its Promising Therapeutic Targets”. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 11 269. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00269. PMC 6776918. PMID 31611783.
///////////emestedastat, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, UE-2343, UE 2343, 106ELK29GH
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