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Recovery of Artemisinin from a Complex Reaction Mixture Using Continuous Chromatography and Crystallization
Recovery of Artemisinin from a Complex Reaction Mixture Using Continuous Chromatography and Crystallization
Eliglustat
ELIGLUSTAT TARTRATE
THERAPEUTIC CLAIM Treatment of lysosomal storage disorders
CHEMICAL NAMES
1. Octanamide, N-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-(1-
pyrrolidinylmethyl)ethyl]-, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1)
2. bis{N-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-(pyrrolidin-1-
ylmethyl)ethyl]octanamide} (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate
MOLECULAR FORMULA C23H36N2O4 . ½ C4H6O6
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 479.6
MANUFACTURER Genzyme Corp.
CODE DESIGNATION Genz-112638
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 928659-70-5
Eliglustat (INN, USAN;[1] trade name Cerdelga) is a treatment for Gaucher’s disease developed by Genzyme Corp that was approved by the FDA August 2014.[2] Commonly used as the tartrate salt, the compound is believed to work by inhibition ofglucosylceramide synthase.[3][4]
In March 2015, eliglustat tartrate was approved in Japan for the treatment of Gaucher disease. Eliglustat tartrate was described specifically within the US FDA’s Orange Booked listed US6916802, which is set to expire in April 2022.
In May 2015, the Orange Book also listed that eliglustat tartrate had Orphan Drug Exclusivity and New Chemical Entity exclusivity until 2019 and 2021, respectively.
it having been developed and launched as eliglustat tartrate by Genzyme (a wholly owned subsidiary of Sanofi), under license from the University of Michigan.
Eliglustat tartrate is known to act as inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase and glycolipid, useful for the treatment of Gaucher’s disease type I and lysosome storage disease.
Genzyme Announces Positive New Data from Two Phase 3 Studies for Oral Eliglustat Tartrate for Gaucher Disease
Eliglustat tartrate (USAN)
Eliglustat tartate (Genz-112638)
What is Eliglustat?
- Eliglustat is a new investigational phase 3 compound from Genzyme Corporation that is being studied for type 1 Gaucher Disease.
- Eliglustat works as a substrate reduction therapy by reducing glucocerebroside. formation.
- This product is an oral agent (i.e. a pill) that is taken once or twice a day in contrast to an IV infusion for enzyme replacement therapy. Enzyme replacement therapy focuses on replenishing the enzyme that is deficient in Gaucher Disease and breaks down glucocerebroside that accumulates.
- The clinical trials for eliglustat tartate are sponsored by Genzyme Corporation.
Eliglustat tartrate (Genz-1 12638) is a glucocerebroside (glucosylceramide) synthase inhibitor for the treatment of gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders, which is currently under development.
Eliglustat is chemically known as 1 R, 2R-Octanoic acid [2-(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-2-hydroxy-1 -pyrrolidin-1 -ylmethyl]-ethyl]-amide, having a structural formula I depicted here under.
Formula I
Eliglustat hemitartrate (Genz-1 12638) development by Genzyme, is a glucocerebroside (glucosylceramide) synthase inhibitor for the treatment of Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. Eliglustat hemitartrate is orally active with potent effects on the primary identified molecular target for type 1 Gaucher disease and other glycosphingolipidoses, appears likely to fulfill high expectations for clinical efficacy.
Gaucher disease belongs to the class of lysosomal diseases known as glycosphingolipidoses, which result directly or indirectly from the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, many hundreds of which are derived from glucocerebroside. The first step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis is the formation of glucocerebroside, the primary storage molecule in Gaucher disease, via glucocerebroside synthase (uridine diphosphate [UDP] – glucosylceramide glucosyl transferase). Eliglustat hemitartrate is based on improved inhibitors of glucocerebroside synthase.
U.S. patent No. 7,196,205 (herein described as US’205) discloses a process for the preparation of eliglustat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In this patent, eliglustat was synthesized via a seven-step process involving steps in that sequence:
(i) coupling S-(+)-2-phenyl glycinol with phenyl bromoacetate followed by column chromatography for purification of the resulting intermediate,
(ii) reacting the resulting (5S)-5-phenylmorpholin-2-one with 1 , 4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde to obtain a lactone,
(iii) opening the lactone of the oxazolo-oxazinone cyclo adduct via reaction with pyrrolidine,
(iv) hydrolyzing the oxazolidine ring, (v) reducing the amide to amine to obtain sphingosine like compound, (vi) reacting the resulting amine with octanoic acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide to obtain crude eliglustat, (vii) purifying the crude eliglustat by repeated isolation for four times from a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-heptane.
U.S. patent No. 6855830, 7265228, 7615573, 7763738, 8138353, U.S. patent application publication No. 2012/296088 disclose processes for preparation of eliglustat and intermediates thereof.
U.S. patent application publication No. 2013/137743 discloses (i) a hemitartrate salt of eliglustat, (ii) a hemitartrate salt of eliglustat, wherein at least 70% by weight of the salt is crystalline, (iii) a hemitartrate salt of Eliglustat, wherein at least 99% by weight of the salt is in a single crystalline form.
WO 2015059679
| Process for the preparation of eliglustat free base – comprising the reaction of S-(+)-phenyl glycinol with phenyl-alpha-bromoacetate to obtain 5-phenylmorpholin-2-one, which is further converted to eliglustat. | |
| Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd | |
| New crystalline eliglustat free base Form R1 and a process for its preparation are claimed. Also claimed is a process for the preparation of eliglustat free base which comprises the reaction of S-(+)-phenyl glycinol with phenyl-alpha-bromoacetate to obtain 5-phenylmorpholin-2-one, which is further converted to eliglustat.Further eliglustat oxalate, its crystalline form, and a process for the preparation of crystalline eliglustat oxalate, are claimed. | |
Eliglustat tartrate (Genz-1 12638) is a glucocerebroside (glucosylceramide) synthase inhibitor for the treatment of gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders, which is currently under development.
Eliglustat is chemically known as 1 R, 2R-Octanoic acid [2-(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-2-hydroxy-1 -pyrrolidin-1 -ylmethyl]-ethyl]-amide, having a structural formula I depicted here under.
Formula I
Eliglustat hemitartrate (Genz-1 12638) development by Genzyme, is a glucocerebroside (glucosylceramide) synthase inhibitor for the treatment of Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. Eliglustat hemitartrate is orally active with potent effects on the primary identified molecular target for type 1 Gaucher disease and other glycosphingolipidoses, appears likely to fulfill high expectations for clinical efficacy.
Gaucher disease belongs to the class of lysosomal diseases known as glycosphingolipidoses, which result directly or indirectly from the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, many hundreds of which are derived from glucocerebroside. The first step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis is the formation of glucocerebroside, the primary storage molecule in Gaucher disease, via glucocerebroside synthase (uridine diphosphate [UDP] – glucosylceramide glucosyl transferase). Eliglustat hemitartrate is based on improved inhibitors of glucocerebroside synthase.
U.S. patent No. 7,196,205 (herein described as US’205) discloses a process for the preparation of eliglustat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In this patent, eliglustat was synthesized via a seven-step process involving steps in that sequence:
(i) coupling S-(+)-2-phenyl glycinol with phenyl bromoacetate followed by column chromatography for purification of the resulting intermediate,
(ii) reacting the resulting (5S)-5-phenylmorpholin-2-one with 1 , 4-benzodioxan-6-carboxaldehyde to obtain a lactone,
(iii) opening the lactone of the oxazolo-oxazinone cyclo adduct via reaction with pyrrolidine,
(iv) hydrolyzing the oxazolidine ring, (v) reducing the amide to amine to obtain sphingosine like compound, (vi) reacting the resulting amine with octanoic acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide to obtain crude eliglustat, (vii) purifying the crude eliglustat by repeated isolation for four times from a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-heptane.
U.S. patent No. 6855830, 7265228, 7615573, 7763738, 8138353, U.S. patent application publication No. 2012/296088 disclose processes for preparation of eliglustat and intermediates thereof.
U.S. patent application publication No. 2013/137743 discloses (i) a hemitartrate salt of eliglustat, (ii) a hemitartrate salt of eliglustat, wherein at least 70% by weight of the salt is crystalline, (iii) a hemitartrate salt of Eliglustat, wherein at least 99% by weight of the salt is in a single crystalline form.
Example 1 : Preparation of 5-phenyl morpholine-2-one hydrochloride
To a (S) + phenyl glycinol (100g) add N, N-diisopropylethylamine (314ml) and acetonitrile (2000ml) under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. It was cooled to 10- 15° C. Phenyl bromoacetate (172.4g) dissolved in acetonitrile (500ml) was added to the above solution at 15° C over a period of 30 min. The reaction mixture is allowed to room temperature and stirred for 16-20h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath
temperature less than 25° C to get a residue. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (1000ml) and stirred for 1 h at 15-20°C to obtain a white solid. The solid material obtained was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate (200ml). The filtrate was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (20g) and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature less than 25° C to give crude compound (1000g) as brown syrup. The Crude brown syrup is converted to HCI salt by using HCI in ethyl acetate to afford 5-phenyl morpholine-2-one hydrochloride (44g) as a white solid. Yield: 50%, Mass: m/z = 177.6; HPLC (% Area Method): 90.5%
Example 2: Preparation of (1 R,3S,5S,8aS)-1 ,3-Bis-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo[1 ,4] dioxin-6′-yl)-5-phenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[4,3-c][1 ,4]oxazin-8-one.
5-phenyl morpholine-2-one hydrochloride (100g) obtained from above stage 1 is dissolved in toluene (2500ml) under nitrogen atmosphere at 25-30°C. 1 ,4-benzodioxane-6-carboxaldehyde (185.3g) and sodium sulphate (400g) was added to the above solution and the reaction mixture was heated at 100-105°C for 72h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature less than 25° C to get a residue. The residue was cooled to 10°C, ethyl acetate (2700ml) and 50% sodium bisulphate solution (1351 ml) was added to the residue and stirred for 1 h at 10°C to obtain a white solid. The obtained white solid was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The separated ethyl acetate layer was washed with water (1000ml), brine (1000ml) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 45-50°C to get a crude material. The obtained crude material is triturated with diethyl ether (1500ml) to get a solid material which is filtered and dried under vacuum at room temperature for 2-3h to afford (1 R,3S,5S,8aS)-1 ,3-Bis-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-5-phenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[4,3-c][1 ,4]oxazin-8-one (148g) as a yellow solid. Yield: 54%, Mass: m/z = 487.7; HPLC (% Area Method): 95.4 %
Example 3: Preparation of (2S,3R,1 “S)-3-(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(2″-hydroxy-1 ”^henyl-ethy^
(1 R,3S,5S,8aS)-1 !3-Bis-(2′!3′-dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-5-phenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[4,3-c][1 ,4]oxazin-8-one (70g) obtained from above stage 2 was dissolved in chloroform (1400ml) at room temperature. It was cooled to 0-5°C and pyrrolidone (59.5ml) was added at 0-5°C over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to room temperature and stirred for 16-18h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 40-45°C to obtain a crude. The obtained crude was dissolved in methanol (1190ml) and 1 N HCI (1 190ml) at 10-15° C, stirred for 10 minutes and heated at 80-85°C for 7h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, methanol was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 50-55°C.The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was washed with 1 N HCI (50ml). The aqueous layer was basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution up to pH 8-9 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x70ml). The combined organic layers was washed with brine (100ml), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 50-55°C to afford (2S,3R,1″S)-3-(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(2″-hydroxy-1 “-phenyl-ethylamino)-1 -pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -one (53g) as a yellow foamy solid. Yield: 90%, Mass: m/z = 412.7, HPLC (% Area Method): 85.1 %
Example 4: Preparation of (1 R,2R,1 “S)-1-(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)2-hydroxy-2-(2”-hydroxy-1 ‘-phenyl-ethylamino)-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol.
(2S,3R,1 “S)-3-(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6’-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(2”-hydroxy-1 “-phenyl-ethylamino)-1 -pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -one (2.5g) obtained from above stage 3 dissolved in Tetrahydrofuran (106ml) was added to a solution of Lithium aluminium hydride (12.2g) in tetrahydrofuran (795ml) at 0°C and the reaction mixture was heated at 60-65°C for 10h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 5- 10°C and quenched in saturated sodium sulphate solution (100ml) at 5-10°C. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mass and stirred for 30-45 min. The obtained solid is filtered through celite bed and washed with ethyl acetate. Filtrate was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 50°C to afford (1 R,2R, 1″S)-1 -(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6′-yl)2-hydroxy-2-(2″-hydroxy-1 ‘-phenyl-ethylamino)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol (43.51 g) as a yellow gummy liquid. The crude is used for the next step without further purification. Yield: 85%, Mass: m/z = 398.7, HPLC (% Area Method): 77 %
Example 5: Preparation of (1 R, 2R)-2-Amino-1-(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol.
(1 R,2R,1 “S)-1 -(2′,3′-(Dihydro-benzo[1 ,4]dioxin-6’-yl)2-hydroxy-2-(2”-hydroxy-1 ‘-phenyl-ethylamino)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol (40g) obtained from above stage 4 was dissolved in methanol (400ml) at room temperature in a 2L hydrogenation flask. Trifluoroacetic acid (15.5ml) and 20% Pd (OH) 2 (40g) was added to the above solution under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was hydrogenated under H2, 10Opsi for 16-18h at room temperature. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered through celite bed and washed with methanol (44ml) and water (44ml). Methanol was concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 50-55°C and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was basified with 10M NaOH till the PH reaches 12-14 and then extracted with dichloromethane (2x125ml). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (3gm) and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 45°C to obtain a gummy liquid. The gummy liquid was triturated with methyl tertiary butyl ether for 1 h to get a white solid, which is filtered and dried under vacuum at room temperature to afford (1 R, 2R)-2-Amino-1 -(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol (23g) as a white solid. Yield: 82.3%, Mass (m/zj: 278.8, HPLC (% Area Method): 99.5%, Chiral HPLC (% Area Method): 97.9%
Example 6: Preparation of Eliglustat {(1 R, 2R)-Octanoic acid[2-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-2-hydroxy-1 -pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-ethyl]-amide}.
(1 R, 2R)-2-Amino-1 -(2′, 3′-dihydro-benzo [1 , 4] dioxin-6′-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-1 -yl-propan-1 -ol (15g) obtained from above stage 5 was dissolved in dry dichloromethane (150ml) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 10-15° C. Octanoic acid N-hydroxy succinimide ester (13.0 g)was added to the above reaction mass at 10-15° C and stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16h-18h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 15°C and diluted with 2M NaOH solution (100 ml_) and stirred for 20 min at 20 °C. The organic layer was separated and washed with 2M sodium hydroxide (3x90ml).The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (30g) and concentrated under reduced pressure at a water bath temperature of 45°C to give the crude compound (20g).The crude is again dissolved in methyl tertiary butyl ether (25 ml_) and precipitated with Hexane (60ml). It is stirred for 10 min, filtered and dried under vacuum to afford Eliglustat as a white solid (16g). Yield: 74%, Mass (m/zj: 404.7 HPLC (% Area Method): 97.5 %, ELSD (% Area Method): 99.78%, Chiral HPLC (% Area Method): 99.78 %.
Example 7: Preparation of Eliglustat oxalate.
Eliglustat (5g) obtained from above stage 6 is dissolved in Ethyl acetate (5ml) at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. Oxalic acid (2.22g) dissolved in ethyl acetate (5ml) was added to the above solution at room temperature and stirred for 14h. White solid observed in the reaction mixture was filtered and dried under vacuum at room temperature for 1 h to afford Eliglustat oxalate as a white solid (4g). Yield: 65.46%, Mass (m/zj: 404.8 [M+H] +> HPLC (% Area Method): 95.52 %, Chiral HPLC (% Area Method): 99.86 %
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Nmr predict
![N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide NMR spectra analysis, Chemical CAS NO. 491833-29-5 NMR spectral analysis, N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide H-NMR spectrum](https://i0.wp.com/pic11.molbase.net/nmr/nmr_image/2014-09-06/001/571/702/491833-29-5-1h.png)
13 C NMR
![N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide NMR spectra analysis, Chemical CAS NO. 491833-29-5 NMR spectral analysis, N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide C-NMR spectrum](https://i0.wp.com/pic11.molbase.net/nmr/nmr_image/2014-09-06/001/571/702/491833-29-5-13c.png)
CAS NO. 491833-29-5, N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-2-yl]octanamide
C-NMR spectral analysis
………………..
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013059119A1?cl=en
http://www.google.com/patents/US7196205
Compound 7
(1R,2R)-Nonanoic acid[2-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-ethyl]-amide
This compound was prepared by the method described for Compound 6 using Nonanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. Analytical HPLC showed this material to be 98.4% pure. mp 74–75° C.
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 6.86–6.76 (m, 3H), 5.83 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (s, 4H), 4.24–4.18 (m, 1H), 2.85–2.75 (m, 2H), 2.69–2.62 (m, 4H), 2.10 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.55–1.45 (m, 2H), 1.70–1.85 (m, 4H), 1.30–1.15 (m, 10H), 0.87 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H) ppm.
Intermediate 4(1R,2R)-2-Amino-1-(2′,3′-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol
Intermediate 3 (5.3 g, 13.3 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (60 mL). Water (6 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2.05 m/L, 26.6 mmol, 2 equivalents) were added. After being placed under nitrogen, 20% Palladium hydroxide on carbon (Pearlman’s catalysis, Lancaster or Aldrich, 5.3 g) was added. The mixture was placed in a Parr Pressure Reactor Apparatus with glass insert. The apparatus was placed under nitrogen and then under hydrogen pressure 110–120 psi. The mixture was stirred for 2–3 days at room temperature under hydrogen pressure 100–120 psi. The reaction was placed under nitrogen and filtered through a pad of celite. The celite pad was washed with methanol (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The methanol was removed by rotoevaporation. The aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate three times (100, 50, 50 mL). A 10 M NaOH solution (10 mL) was added to the aqueous layer (pH=12–14). The product was extracted from the aqueous layer three times with methylene chloride (100, 100, 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with Na2SO4, filtered and rotoevaporated to a colorless oil. The foamy oil was vacuum dried for 2 h. Intermediate 4 was obtained in 90% yield (3.34 g).
Intermediate 3(1R,2R,1″S)-1-(2′,3′-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6′-yl)-2-(2″-hydroxy -1′-phenyl-ethylamino)-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol
To a 3-neck flask equipped with a dropping funnel and condenser was added LiAlH4 (Aldrich, 1.2 g, 31.7 mmol, 2.5 equivalents) and anhydrous THF (20 mL) under nitrogen. A solution of Intermediate 2 (5.23 g, 12.68 mmol) in anhydrous THF (75 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction over 15–30 minutes. The reaction was refluxed under nitrogen for 9 hours. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and a 1M NaOH solution was carefully added dropwise. After stirring at room temperature for 15 minutes, water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (75 mL) was added. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (75 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (25 mL). After drying with Na2SO4 the solution was filtered and rotoevaporated to yield a colorless to yellow foamy oil. Intermediate 3 was obtained in 99% yield (5.3 g).
|
|
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-propanyl]octanamide | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Cerdelga |
|
|
| Identifiers | |
| 491833-29-5 | |
| A16AX10 | |
| PubChem | CID 23652731 |
| ChemSpider | 28475348 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:82752  |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C23H36N2O4 |
| 404.543 g/mol | |
- https://download.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/usan/x-pub/eligustat.pdf
- http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm410585.htm
- Lee, L.; Abe, A.; Shayman, J. A. (21 May 1999). “Improved Inhibitors of Glucosylceramide Synthase”. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274(21): 14662–14669. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.21.14662.
- Shayman, JA (Aug 1, 2010). “ELIGLUSTAT TARTRATE: Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor Treatment of Type 1 Gaucher Disease.”.Drugs of the future 35 (8): 613–620. PMID 22563139.
| WO2008150486A2 * | May 30, 2008 | Dec 11, 2008 | Genzyme Corp | 2-acylaminopropoanol-type glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors |
| WO2009045503A1 * | Oct 3, 2008 | Apr 9, 2009 | Genzyme Corp | Method of treating polycystic kidney diseases with ceramide derivatives |
| WO2010014554A1 * | Jul 27, 2009 | Feb 4, 2010 | Genzyme Corporation | Glucosylceramide synthase inhibition for the treatment of collapsing glomerulopathy and other glomerular disease |
| WO2010039256A1 * | Oct 2, 2009 | Apr 8, 2010 | Genzyme Corporation | 2-acylaminopropoanol-type glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors |
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ANAGLIPTIN Spectral visit
![N-[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl]-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide](https://i0.wp.com/pic3.molbase.net/molpic/02/47/2473420.png)
| N-[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl]-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide | |
| CAS No.: | 739366-20-2 |
|---|---|
| Synonyms: |
|
| Formula: | C19H25N7O2 |
| Exact Mass: | 383.20700 |
Anagliptin chemically known as N-[2-[2-[2(S)-cyanopyrrolidin-l-yl]-2-oxoethylamino]- 2-methylpropyl]-2-methylpyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide is represented by the structural formula:
Anagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV- inhibitor. United States Patent No 7345 1 80- (IJS’ 180) discloses anagliptin.
![N-[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl]-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide NMR spectra analysis, Chemical CAS NO. 739366-20-2 NMR spectral analysis, N-[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl]-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide H-NMR spectrum](https://i0.wp.com/pic11.molbase.net/nmr/nmr_image/2014-11-28/002/473/2473420_1h.png)
![N-[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl]-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide NMR spectra analysis, Chemical CAS NO. 739366-20-2 NMR spectral analysis, N-[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl]-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide C-NMR spectrum](https://i0.wp.com/pic11.molbase.net/nmr/nmr_image/2014-11-28/002/473/2473420_13c.png)
Example 5: Synthesis of N-[2-2[2(S)-Cyano pyrrolidin-l-yl]-2-oxoethyIamino]-2- methyIpropyl]-2-methyaIpyrazoIo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (I, anagliptin).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ 1.16 (s, 6H), 2.23(m, 4H), 2.54(s, 3H), 3.25-3.51 (m, 6H), 4.78 (m, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 8.93 (s, 1H), 9.22(s, 1H)
HPLC Purity: 99.71%, Chiral purity: 100%………WO2014147640A2
Kato, M.; Oka, M.; Murase, T.; Yoshida, M.; Sakairi, M.; Yamashita, S.; Yasuda, Y.; Yoshikawa, A.; Hayashi, Y.; Makino, M.; Takeda, M.; Mirensha, Y.;
Kakigami, T. Discovery and pharmacological characterization of N-[2-({2-[(2S)-2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}amino)-2-methylpropyl]-
2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide hydrochloride (anagliptin hydrochloride salt) as a potent and selective
DPP-IV inhibitor. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2011, 19, 7221–7227.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968089611007784
LATUR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latur
| Latur लातूर Lattalur, Ratnapur |
|
|---|---|
| City | |
|
 Latur
Location in Maharashtra, India |
|
| Coordinates: 18.40°N 76.56°ECoordinates: 18.40°N 76.56°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Region | Aurangabad Division |
| District | Latur |
| Settled | Possibly 7th century AD |
| Government | |
| • Body | Latur Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Akhtar Shaikh |
| Area[1] | |
| • Total | 117.78 km2(45.48 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 89 |
| Elevation | 515 m (1,690 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 382,754 |
| • Rank | 89th |
| • Density | 3,200/km2(8,400/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Laturkar |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| PIN |
|
| Telephone code | 91-2382 |
| Vehicle registration | MH-24 |
| Sex ratio | 923.54 ♀/1000 ♂ |
| Literacy | 89.67 |
| Distance from Mumbai | 497 kilometres (309 mi) E (land) |
| Distance fromHyderabad | 337 kilometres (209 mi) NW (land) |
| Distance fromAurangabad, Maharashtra | 294 kilometres (183 mi) SE (land) |
| Climate | BSh (Köppen) |
| Precipitation | 666 millimetres (26.2 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 41 °C (106 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 13 °C (55 °F) |
| http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html | |
his Is The Famous ‘Ganj-Golai’ As The Central Place Of The Latur City. There Are 16 Roads Connecting To This Place And Seperate Markets i.e. Jewellers …
लातूर जिल्हयातील चित्र संग्रह
LATUR AIRPORT
LATUR AIRPORT
2012 Navratri Mahotsav in Latur
SOS Children’s Village Latur
Latur, India: Carnival Resort
Ausa Near Latur
Chakur near Latur
Vilasrao Deshmukh’s ancestral home at Babhalgaon village in Latur. Machindra Amle
UDGIR: Udgir is one of the most important towns of Latur district. Udgir has a great historical significance. It has witnessed the war between the Marathas …
The city of Latur is located in India’s welathiest state, Maharashtra. Together with many of the surrounding villages, Latur was all but destroyed in the
FDA approves Raplixa to help control bleeding during surgery
April 30, 2015
Release
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Raplixa (fibrin sealant [human]), the first spray-dried fibrin sealant approved by the agency. It is used to help control bleeding during surgery.
Raplixa is a biological product approved for use in adults to help control bleeding from small blood vessels when standard surgical techniques, such as suture, ligature or cautery, are ineffective or impractical. When applied to a bleeding site, Raplixa is dissolved in the blood and a reaction starts between the fibrinogen and thrombin proteins. This results in the formation of blood clots to help stop the bleeding.
Raplixa contains fibrinogen and thrombin, two proteins found in human plasma, the liquid portion of blood. The two protein components are individually purified using a manufacturing process that includes virus inactivation and removal steps to help reduce the risk for the transmission of blood-borne viruses. The fibrin sealant components are then spray-dried, blended and packaged in a vial. Raplixa can be applied directly from the original product vial or by spraying with a delivery device onto a bleeding site. It is approved for use in conjunction with an absorbable gelatin sponge.
“This approval provides surgeons an additional option to help control bleeding during surgery when needed,” said Karen Midthun, M.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. “The spray-drying process used to manufacture Raplixa produces dried powders that can be combined into a single vial. This eliminates the need to combine the fibrinogen and thrombin before use and allows the product to be stored at room temperature.”
In support of approval, the FDA reviewed data from a clinical study involving 719 participants, over 11 months, undergoing different types of surgical procedures. The study demonstrated Raplixa’s effectiveness by comparing the reduction in the time needed for bleeding to stop when using this fibrin sealant and the time needed for bleeding to stop when using an absorbable sponge alone.
The most commonly reported adverse reactions were surgical pain, nausea, constipation, fever and decreased blood pressure.
Raplixa is manufactured by ProFibrix BV, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Medicines Company, based in Parsippany, New Jersey.
Will WFI from membrane-based technologies now become an alternative for Europe?
In an EDQM paper published in March 2015 the topic production of WFI by means of membrane-based technologies is discussed again and not excluded any more. Read more about WFI from membrane-based technologies.
In an EDQM paper published in Pharmeuropa in March 2015 the topic production of WFI (water for injections) by means of membrane technologies (reverse osmosis coupled with other suitable techniques) is discussed again and not excluded any more. So far distillation is the only permitted procedure for the production of WFI in Europe. It was already pointed out in the paper on the revision of Annex 1 published in February that alternative procedures for the manufacture of WFI might become possible.
The first part of the new document describes the history of the long lasting discussion of the question whether other procedures than distillation should be allowed for the production of WFI. In the end this led to…
View original post 266 more words
Long-term use of AZ’ Brilinta, ticagrelor gets US priority review
An application to use AstraZeneca’s Brilinta to treat patients with a history of heart attack has been placed on a fast track regulatory pathway in the US, meaning that approval could be granted within just six months.
The US Food and Drug Administration has assigned a priority review based on Phase III data showing that Brilinta (ticagrelor), along-side low-dose aspirin, can improve long-term prevention of atherothrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. The move signals the regulator’s belief that the drug could offer a benefit over existing approaches.
Doxylamine succinate
Doxylamine succinate
CAS NO. 562-10-7,
Sperber et al. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1949 , vol. 71, p. 887,889
see
Application of Toluene in the Synthesis of Doxylamine Succinate KC. Chaluvaraju1*, MD. Karvekar2 and AR. Ramesha3 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 3R&D, R L Fine Chemicals, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
ABSTRACT In the present study an efficient method for the synthesis of Doxylamine succinate in the presence of toluene is described. The yield and purity of the product prepared by this method has been found to be better in comparison to reported method. The structure of the synthesized compound was characterised by its melting point and spectral data’s (IR, I HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass spectra). The data obtained are in good agreement with the literature found for Doxylamine succinate.
m.p-102-103°C.
1HNMR (CDC13) δ ppm: 8.5 (d, J = 2.4 Hz ,1H; Het-H) ,7.6-7.0 (m,8H; Ar-H+ Het-H), 3.5-3.3 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H;-OCH2), 2.6-2.5 (t, J = 3.0 Hz, 2H; – CH2), 2.3-2.2 (s, 6H, -N(CH3)2).2.0-1.9 (s, 3H, -CH3).
I3CNMR (CDC13) δ ppm: 148.17, 145.55, 136.17, 127.84, 126.62, 126.21, 121.50, 120.77, 81.81, 61.11, 59.39, 45.91, 23.76.
MS (EI) m/z: 271 (M+ ), 257, 226, 182.
nmr…………http://file.selleckchem.com/downloads/nmr/S424001-Doxylamine-succinate-HNMR-Selleck.pdf
nmr predict of succinate
nmr predict of free base
CAS NO. 469-21-6, N,N-dimethyl-2-(1-phenyl-1-pyridin-2-ylethoxy)ethanamine H-NMR spectral analysis
http://www.google.com/patents/CN102108059B?cl=en
Doxylamine succinate following structural formula:
CAS Number: 562-10-7
Formula = C21H28N2O5
Molecular weight: 388.46
III SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention aims to provide a class of antihistamines ethanol as doxylamine succinate, the technical problem to be solved is the selection of a new simple synthetic methods.
The synthesis of doxylamine succinate process route is:
The synthesis of 2-acetyl-pyridine as starting materials, including synthetic and doxylamine salt-forming reaction and the separation and purification process of each unit, wherein the first synthetic doxylamine by The reaction of 2-acetyl pyridine Grignard reagent with bromobenzene and magnesium to produce 2-pyridyl generated methylcarbinol, then 2-pyridyl-methyl-phenyl methanol with sodium amide and sequentially generates 2-dimethylamino ethyl chloride reaction Doxylamine, most 后多西拉敏 a salt with succinic acid to give the title product doxylamine succinate.
the synthesis of doxylamine
150ml three-necked flask of xylene 40ml, weighed 2. 34g (0. 06mol) was added sodium amide three-neck flask, weighed 10g (0.05mol) 2- pyridyl methylcarbinol dissolved in 20ml of xylene was slowly added dropwise, followed by stirring.After the addition was complete, the oil bath was heated 150 ° C, maintained under reflux of xylene, the reaction was refluxed for 5 hours. Color from pale yellow reaction solution gradually turned dark brown, solid gradually dissolved.
The dried mixture of 2-dimethylamino ethyl chloride was added 20ml of xylene dropping funnel was slowly added dropwise to the three-necked flask. After the addition was complete, maintaining at reflux for 20 hours. TLC monitoring of the reaction process, the reactants and products change (V petroleum ether: V ethyl acetate = 5: 1).
After stopping the reaction, the oil bath was removed, and the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, with ice-bath, was slowly added dropwise to the reaction solution 50ml of ice water, stirred for half an hour. The reaction solution was separated, the organic phase was retained and the aqueous phase was extracted with xylene (3 * 40ml), the combined organic
Phase. Drying, filtration, rotary evaporation to remove xylene.
The obtained crude product was subjected to silica gel mixed with the sample, the liquid sample with the silica mass ratio of 1: 2, dissolved in ethyl acetate, and stirred for half an hour, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. The mixed sample was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with a mixed solvent (V petroleum ether: V ethyl acetate = 2: 1) petroleum ether and ethyl acetate eluent until the 2-pyridyl-methyl-phenyl The complete collection of components of methanol to stop the elution. The eluent was collected and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, after recycling the recovered 2-pyridyl-methyl-phenyl methanol and dried in vacuo.
The chromatography column of silica gel and the eluent was poured into the remaining single-necked flask, and the crude product was added mass of diethylamine, stirred for half an hour, filtration, and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the liquid diethyl amine, to give doxylamine 7. 3g, 54% yield. Gas content was 99%. (Column chamber temperature 250 ° C, detection temperature 300 ° C, vaporization temperature of 300 ° C).
1HNMr (CDCI3), δ: 8 · 51 (1Η, m), 7 · 60-7 61 (2Η, m), 7 · 40 (2Η, m), 7 · 27 (2Η, m),. 7. 18 (1Η, m), 7. 09 (1H, m), 3. 41 (2H, m), 2. 59 (2H, m), 2. 27 (6H, s), 1. 98 (3H , s).
3, doxylamine succinate synthesis of
Doxylamine 1. 35g (0. 005mol) and succinic 0. 59g (0. 005mol) was added IOml single-necked flask, adding acetone 7ml, heating and stirring until dissolved, stirring was continued for half an hour, the heating was stopped. Cooled to room temperature and then placed in the refrigerator freezer -20 ° C for 24 hours. Filtration, the solid was placed in a vacuum desiccator the residual solvent was distilled off, and dried for 6 hours. The crude product was dissolved by heating continued recrystallized from acetone (Ig doxylamine succinate: 2.5mL acetone). Steps above, doxylamine succinate, and recrystallized to give 1.6g, 82% yield. Mp 101-103 ° C.
] 1HNMr (CDCI3), δ: 8 · 54 (1Η, m), 7 · 69 (1Η, m), 7 · 51 (1Η, m), 7 · 32 (2Η, m), 7 · 30 ( 2Η, m), 7. 23 (1Η, m), 7. 16 (1H, m), 3. 63 (2H, m), 3. 18 (2H, m), 2. 80 (6H, s), 2. 54 (4H, s), 1. 99 (3H,S) O
| CN1447694A | Jun 21, 2001 | Oct 8, 2003 | 达切斯内公司 | Rapid onset formulation |
| Reference | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bachman, G. Bryant等.Heterogeneous bimolecular reduction. II. Direct acylation of pyridine and its homologs and analogs.《Journal of Organic Chemistry》.1957,第22卷1302-1308. | |
| 2 | CHARLESH . TILFORD等.Histamine Antagonists. Basically Substituted Pyridine Derivatives.《Journal of the American Chemical Society 》.1948,第70卷4001-4009. | |
……………….
Morning street in Bhaktapur, a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the east corner of the Kathmandu Valley, Bagmati, Nepal. Bhaktapur is an ancient Newar town, .
.
India’s Wockhardt to recall some drugs made in India after U.S. FDA concerns
Indian generic drugmaker Wockhardt Ltd said on Tuesday it would recall some drugs manufactured at its two plants in India before the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned those sites due to quality concerns.
The FDA banned U.S. exports from Wockhardt’s Waluj and Chikalthana plants in central India in 2013, citing manufacturing quality lapses.
see
Fosamprenavir
Fosamprenavir
BASE
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| {[(2R,3S)-1-[N-(2-methylpropyl)(4-aminobenzene)sulfonamido]-3-({[(3S)-oxolan-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Lexiva |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a604012 |
|
|
|
|
| Oral | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Unknown |
| Protein binding | 90% |
| Metabolism | Hydrolysed to amprenavirand phosphate in GI tractepithelium |
| Half-life | 7.7 hours |
| Excretion | Fecal (as metabolites of amprenavir) |
| Identifiers | |
226700-81-8  |
|
| J05AE07 | |
| PubChem | CID 131536 |
| DrugBank | DB01319 |
| ChemSpider | 116245 |
| UNII | WOU1621EEG |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1664 |
| NIAID ChemDB | 082186 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C25H36N3O9PS |
| 585.608 g/mol 623.700 g/mol (calciumsalt) |
|
Fosamprenavir (marketed by ViiV Healthcare as the calcium salt), under the trade names Lexiva (U.S.) and Telzir (Europe) is apro-drug of the protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir. The FDA approved it October 20, 2003, while the EMEA approved it on July 12, 2004. The human body metabolizes fosamprenavir in order to form amprenavir, which is the active ingredient. That metabolization increases the duration that amprenavir is available, making fosamprenavir a slow-release version of amprenavir and thus reducing the number of pills required versus standard amprenavir.
A head-to-head study with lopinavir[1] showed the two drugs to have comparable potency, but patients on fosamprenavir tended to have a higher serum cholesterol. Fosamprenavir’s main advantage over lopinavir is that it is cheaper.
PATENT
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2012032389A2
Fosamprenavir calcium has HIV aspartyl protease inhibitory activity and is particularly well suited for inhibiting HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses; it is chemically known as calcium (3S) tetrahydro-3-furanyl(l S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] (isobutyl) amino]- l-benzyl-2- (phosphonooxy)propyl carbamate and represented by formula la.
(la)
There are very few references available in the literature for preparation of fosamprenavir and its intermediates. Patent US 5 585 397 provides process for preparation of fosamprenavir intermediate (IV), as depicted in scheme 1 , wherein it is purified using silica gel chromatography, however it does not provide any purity data. Purification by column chromatography is not suitable on commercial scale, since it is time consuming, requires large volume of solvents and is very much laborious.
Scheme 1: Process for preparation of fosamprenavir intermediate (IV) as given in US 5
585 397 Another patent US 6 281 367, provides process for preparation of fosamprenavir intermediate (IV) as depicted in scheme 2, but it does not provide any method for purification of compound (IV).
P= amine protecting
group deprotection
Scheme 2: Process for preparation of fosamprenavir intermediate (VI) as given in US 6
281 367
The patent US 6 514 953 provides process for preparation of fosamprenvair calcium (la) utilizing compound (IV), as depicted in Scheme 3, however it does not provide purity of fosamprenavir calcium (la) or the intermediates thereof.
Aq. soln. of Ca(OAc)2
monohydrate
(la) crude (la)
Scheme 3: Process for preparation of fosamprenavir Calcium (la) as given in US 6 514
953 Another patent, US 6 436 989, which is product patent for fosamprenavir salts, provide process for preparation of fosamprenavir sodium salt (VII) from compound (IV) as depicted in Scheme 4:
(VIA)
(V)
3 eq. NaHC03
resin column,
lyophilize
Scheme 4: Process for preparation of fosamprenavir sodium (VII) as given in US 6 436989. US 6 436 989 provides compound (V) and (VIA) with an HPLC purity of 90% and 92% respectively, however purity of fosamprenavir sodium salt (VII) is not mentioned. This patent provides fosmaprenavir salt intermediates with very low HPLC purity. The prior art literature describes synthesis of fosamprenavir calcium and its intermediates and like any synthetic compound, fosmaprenavir calcium can contain number of impurities from various source like starting material, reaction by-products, degradation, isomeric impurities etc. The prior art documents for fosamprenavir calcium does not provide any information for the impurities that may have been formed from the various synthetic processes provided therein.
Fosamprenavir calcium i.e. calcium (3S) tetrahydro-3-furanyl(lS,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] (isobutyl) amino]- 1 -benzyl-2-(phosphonooxy)propyl carbamate (la), is a chiral substrate containing three asymmetrical carbon centre resulting into eight stereoisomers.
Different isomers of a chiral drug molecule bind differently to target receptors, one isomer of a drug may have a desired beneficial effect while the other may cause serious and undesired side effects or sometimes even beneficial but entirely different effects, hence in the drug molecules the effective isomer is preferred in pure form, free of other undesired isomers, thus fosamprenavir calcium free of its other stereoisomer would always be preferred.
The methods described above for preparation of fosamprenavir does not describe suitable methods to minimize formation of R-isomer impurity (lb)
(lb)
One of the approach to minimize R-isomer impurity (lb) is to use highly pure intermediate (S)-3-tetrahydrofuranyl-N-succinimidyl carbonate (Ila), in the synthesis of fosamprenavir. US 5 585 397 provides process for preparation of N-succinimidlyl-(S)-3-tetrahydrofuryl carbonate (Ila), however it does not provide any method for purification neither does it provide any purity data for the same. The PCT application WO 94/18192 provides process for preparation (S)-3-tetrahydrofuranyl- N-succinimidyl carbonate (Ila) as depicted in scheme 5. The application discloses recrystallization of compound (Ila) from EtOAc/hexane. At our hands, crystallization of compound (Ila) from ethyl acetate/hexane provided compound (Ila) containing the intermediate R-isomer impurity compound (lib) upto 0.37% area percentage of HPLC, which is not suitable for its use in the synthesis of fosamprenavir substantially free of R-isomer impurity (lb).
(VIII) (IX) (II)
a= S-isomer a= S-isomer
b= R-isomer b= R-isomer
Scheme 5: process for preparation of (S)-3-tetrahydrofuranyl-N-succinimidyl carbonate
Commercially available (S)-3-tetrahydrofuranol (Villa) contains upto 5% area percentage of HPLC of (R)-3-tetrahydrofuranyl (Vlllb), which on reaction with N,N-disuccinimidyl carbonate (IX) results in (S)-3-tetrahydrofuranyl-N-succinimidyl carbonate (Ila) containing upto 2.5% area percentage of HPLC of the R-isomer impurity, (R)-3-tetrahydrofuranyl-N- succinimidyl carbonate (lib). This impure (S)-3-tetrahydrofuranyl-N-succinimidyl carbonate (Ila) when converted to fosamprenavir calcium (la) by series of reaction, results into fosamprenavir calcium containing upto 2.0 % area percentage of HPLC of (3R) tetrahydro-3- furanyl(l S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] (isobutyl) amino]- 1 -benzy 1-2- (phosphonooxy)propyl carbamate (lb), which is undesired isomer of fosamprenavir calcium. Impurities of any form are undesirable in the active pharmaceutical product since it may have adverse effect on the patient to be treated.
The purity of API produced is clearly a necessary condition for commercialization. The impurities produced in the manufacturing process must be limited to very small amount and are preferred to be substantially absent. The ICH Q7A guidance for API manufacturers requires that process impurities must be maintained below set limits utilizing various parameters. In the United States the Food and Drug Administration guidelines, would mostly limit the amount of impurities present in the API, similarly in other countries the impurity levels would be defined in their respective pharmacopeias.
The process for preparation of fosamprenavir calcium (la) of present invention is as depicted in scheme 5.
crude fosamprenavir calcium (la)
Example 2: Preparation of pure fosamprenavir calcium (I).
Mixture of 100 g (0.23 mol) (2R,3S)-N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutyl-4- nitrobenzene sulphonamide (III), 65 g (0.28 mol) (S)-3-tetrahydrofuranyl-N-succinimidyl carbonate (Ila) (of Example 1) and 24 g (0.23) triethylamine in 800 ml dichloromethane was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours, extracted with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and concentrated. To the concentrated mass was added 1000 ml methanol and heated to 60-65°, cooled to 25°C and solid was filtered, washed with methanol and dried. Mixture of 100 g (0.186 mol) (3S)-tetrahydro-3-furyl N-[(l S,2R)-l-benzyl-2-hydroxy-3-(N- isobutyl-4-nitrobenzene sulphonamido) propyl] carbamate (IV) and 200 ml pyridine was cooled to 0-10°C and 70.0 g (0.456 mol) of POCl3 was added and stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours, 400 ml methyl isobutyl ketone was added, cooled and 1 : 1 cone. HC1- water was added. Mixture was heated to 50°C for 1 hour, cooled to 25-30°C. Organic layer was separated, washed with water and partially concentrated; 500 ml water and 31.5 g sodium bicarbonate was added and stirred. The organic layer was separated and 100 ml ethylacetate, 400 ml methanol and 5.0 g Pd/C was added. The reaction mass was stirred under hydrogen pressure for 4 hours at 30°C. The mixture was filtered, catalyst washed with methanol. The filtrate was heated to 50°C and 33.0 g (0.186 mol) calcium acetate monohydrate in 100 ml water was added and stirred for 30 minutes. Cooled to 30°C and stirred. Solid was filtered, washed with 1 : 1 mixture of methanol-water and dried to obtain crude fosamprenavir calcium. 65 g (0.104 mol) crude fosamprenavir calcium and 1 170 ml denatured ethanol was heated to 70-72°C, charcaolized. Water (138 ml) was added and mixture stirred for 30 minutes. Cooled to ambient temperature and stirred. Solid filtered, washed with 1 : 1 ethanol-water and dried. Methanol (315 ml) was added to the solid, stirred and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to obtain solid, which was dried to obtain 37.5 g pure fosamprenavir calcium. HPLC purity: fosamprenavir calcium (la): 99.85%; R-isomer impurity (lb): 0.05%; all other individual impurities less than 0.1%.
Fosamprenavir sodium, GW-433908A, 908, VX-175(free acid)
………………………………….
PAPER
DOI: 10.1039/B404071F
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2004/ob/b404071f#!divAbstract
Efficient and industrially applicable synthetic processes for precursors of HIV protease inhibitors(Amprenavir, Fosamprenavir) are described. These involve a novel and economical method for the preparation of a key intermediate, (3S)-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, from L-malic acid. Three new approaches to the assembly of Amprenavir are also discussed. Of these, a synthetic route in which an (S)-tetrahydrofuranyloxy carbonyl is attached to L-phenylalanine appears to be the most promising manufacturing process, in that it offers satisfactory stereoselectivity in fewer steps.
…………………
EP 0659181; EP 0885887; JP 1996501299; US 5585397; WO 9405639
The reaction of the chiral epoxide (I) with isobutylamine (II) in refluxing ethanol gives the secondary amine (III), which is protected with benzyl chloroformate (IV) and TEA, yielding the dicarbamate (V). Selective deprotection of (V) with dry HCl in ethyl acetate affords the primary amine (VI), which is treated with 3(S)-tetrahydrofuryl N-succinimidinyl carbonate (VII) (prepared by condensation of tetrahydrofuran-3(S)-ol (VIII) with phosgene and N-hydroxysuccinimide (IX)) and DIEA in acetonitrile to provide the corresponding carbamate (X). The deprotection of (X) by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C in ethanol gives the secondary amine (XI), which is condensed with 4-nitrophenylsulfonyl chloride (XII) by means of NaHCO3 in dichloromethane/water to yield the sulfonamide (XIII). Finally, the nitro group of (XIII) is reduced with H2 over Pd/C in ethyl acetate to afford the target
………………………….
The reaction of the chiral epoxide (I) with isobutylamine (II) in refluxing ethanol gives the secondary amine (III), which is protected with benzyl chloroformate (IV) and TEA, yielding dicarbamate (V). Selective deprotection of (V) with dry HCl in ethyl acetate affords the primary amine (VI), which is treated with 3(S)-tetrahydrofuryl N-succinimidinyl carbonate (VII) — obtained by reaction of tetrahydrofuran-3(S)-ol (VIII) first with phosgene and then with N-hydroxysuccinimide (IX) — and DIEA in acetonitrile to provide the corresponding carbamate (X). Deprotection of (X) by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C in ethanol gives the secondary amine (XI), which is condensed with 4-nitrophenylsulfonyl chloride (XII) by means of NaHCO3 in dichloromethane/water to yield the sulfonamide intermediate (XIII).
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Esterification of the OH group of compound (XIII) with PO3H3 by means of DCC in hot pyridine gives the corresponding phosphite (XVII), which is oxidized with bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide in bis(trimethylsilyl)azane to yield the expected phosphate (XVIII). Reduction of the nitro group of (XVIII) with H2 over Pd/C in ethyl acetate affords fosamprenavir (XIX). Finally, fosamprenavir (XIX) is treated with aqueous NaHCO3 or with calcium acetate in water to provide the corresponding salts. Alternatively, the phosphate (XIX) can be obtained directly by reaction of intermediate (XIII) with POCl3 in pyridine, followed by hydrolysis with 2N HCl.
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HIV protease inhibitor; water soluble prodrug of amprenavir, q.v. Prepn: R. D. Tung et al., WO 9933815;eidem, US 6559137 (1999, 2003 both to Vertex).
Prepn of crystalline calcium salt: I. G. Armitage et al., WO 0004033 (2000 to Glaxo); eidem, US 6514953 (2003 to SKB).
Clinical pharmacokinetics: C. Falcoz et al., J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42, 887 (2002).
Review of pharmacology and clinical experience in HIV: T. M. Chapman et al., Drugs 64, 2101-2124 (2004); C. Arvieux, O. Tribut,ibid. 65, 633-659 (2005).
References
- Eron J Jr, Yeni P, Gathe J Jr et al. (2006). “The KLEAN study of fosamprenavir-ritonavir versus lopinavir-ritonavir, each in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, for initial treatment of HIV infection over 48 weeks: a randomised non-inferiority trial”. Lancet 368 (9534): 476–82.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69155-1. PMID 16890834.
| WO1994005639A1 * | Sep 7, 1993 | Mar 17, 1994 | Vertex Pharma | Sulfonamide inhibitors of hiv-aspartyl protease |
| WO1994018192A1 | Feb 7, 1994 | Aug 18, 1994 | Merck & Co Inc | Piperazine derivatives as hiv protease inhibitors |
| INKO02772010A | Title not available | |||
| US5585397 | Sep 7, 1993 | Dec 17, 1996 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated | Viricides |
| US6281367 | Mar 18, 1999 | Aug 28, 2001 | Glaxo Wellcome Inc. | Process for the synthesis of HIV protease inhibitors |
| US6436989 | Dec 24, 1997 | Aug 20, 2002 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated | Prodrugs of aspartyl protease inhibitors |
| US6514953 | Jul 15, 1999 | Feb 4, 2003 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Calcium (3S) tetrahydro-3-furanyl(1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](isobutyl)amino]-1-benzyl-2-(phosphonooxy)propylcarbamate |
| Reference | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | * | EKHATO I VICTOR ET AL: “Isotope labeled ‘HEA/HEE’ moiety in the synthesis of labeled HIV-protease inhibitors. Part II“, JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, JOHN WILEY, CHICHESTER, GB, vol. 48, no. 3, 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01), pages 179-193, XP009112607, ISSN: 0362-4803 |
| 2 | * | MOON KIM B ET AL: “SYNTHESIS OF A CHIRAL AZIRIDINE DERIVATIVE AS A VERSATILE INTERMEDIATE FOR HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS“, ORGANIC LETTERS, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, US, vol. 3, no. 15, 1 January 2001 (2001-01-01), pages 2349-2351, XP001179485, ISSN: 1523-7060, DOI: 10.1021/OL016147S |
| 3 | * | SORBERA, L. A. ET AL.: “FOSAMPRENAVIR“, DRUGS OF THE FUTURE, PROUS SCIENCE, ES, vol. 26, no. 3, 1 March 2001 (2001-03-01), pages 224-231, XP009001334, ISSN: 0377-8282, DOI: 10.1358/DOF.2001.026.03.615590 |
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