Donepezil, marketed under the trade name Aricept by its developer Eisai and partnerPfizer, is a centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Its main therapeutic use is in the palliative treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset. It has an oral bioavailability of 100% and easily crosses the blood–brain barrier. Because it has a biological half-life of about 70 hours, it can be taken once a day.

While the drug is currently indicated for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s, evidence from two clinical trials also indicates it may be effective for moderate to severe disease. An example of this is a Karolinska Institute paper published in The Lancet in early 2006, which states donepezil improves cognitive function even in patients with severe AD symptoms. In Oct. 2006 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration also approved Aricept for treatment of severe dementia.

【通用名】 Donepezil hydrochloride, BNAG, E-2020, Eranz, Memorit, Memac, Aricept
【化学名】 (?-1-Benzyl-4-(5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxoindan-2-ylmethyl)piperidine hydrochloride; (?-2-(1-Benzylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one hydrochloride
【CAS登记号】 120011-70-3, 123958-79-2 ([2-14C]-labeled), 142057-77-0 (deleted CAS), 120014-06-4 (free base)
【分子式】 C24-H29-N-O3.Cl-H
【分子量】 415.958
【化学活性】 Alzheimer’s Dementia, Treatment of , Analgesic and Anesthetic Drugs, Antimigraine Drugs, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Treatment of, Autism, Treatment of, Cognition Disorders, Treatment of, Immunologic Neuromuscular Disorders, Treatment of, Migraine, Prophylactic Treatment of, Multiple Sclerosis, Agents for, Neurologic Drugs, Psychopharmacologic Drugs, Vascular Dementia, Treatment of, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
【开发阶段】 Launched-1997
【研究机构】 Eisai (Originator), National Institute of Mental Health (Not Determined), Bracco (Licensee), Pfizer (Licensee)

Donepezil inhibiting Torpedo californicaacetylcholinesterase. See Proteopedia1eve.

Research leading to the development of donepezil began in 1983 at Eisai, and the first Phase I clinical trial took place in 1989. In 1996, Eisai received approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for donepezil under the brand Aricept, which it co-marketed with Pfizer. As of 2011, Aricept was the world’s best-selling Alzheimer’s disease treatment. The first generic donepezil became available in November 2010 with the USFDA approval of a formulation prepared by Ranbaxy Labs. In April 2011 a second generic formulation, from Wockhardt, received tentative USFDA marketing approval

标题:	Cyclic amine cpd., its use and pharmaceutical compsns. comprising it
作者:	Sugimoto, H.; Tsuchiya, Y.; Higurashi, K.; Karibe, N.; Iimura, Y.; Sasaki, A.; Yamanashi, Y.; Ogura, H.; Araki, S.; Kosasa, T.; Kusota, A.; Kozasa, M.; Yamatsu, K. (Eisai Co., Ltd.)
来源:	AU 8818216; EP 0296560; EP 0673927; EP 0742207; JP 1989079151; JP 1998067739; US 4895841; US 5100901
合成路线图解说明:The condensation of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (I) with 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxaldehyde (II) by means of butyllithium and diisopropylamine in THF gives 1-benzyl-4-(5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxoindan-2-ylidenemethyl)piperidine (III), which is reduced with H2 over Pd/C in THF and treated with HCl in dichloromethane – ethyl acetate.

标题:	Synthesis of 1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy[2-14C]-1-indanon)-2-yl]methylpiperidine hydrochloride (E-2020-14C)
作者:	Sugimoto, H.; Mishima, M.; Iimura, Y.
来源:	J Label Compd Radiopharm 1989,27(7),835-9
合成路线图解说明:The condensation of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (I) with 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxaldehyde (II) by means of butyllithium and diisopropylamine in THF gives 1-benzyl-4-(5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxoindan-2-ylidenemethyl)piperidine (III), which is reduced with H2 over Pd/C in THF and treated with HCl in dichloromethane – ethyl acetate.

作者:	Casta馿r, J.; Prous, J.
来源:	Drugs Fut 1991,16(1),16
合成路线图解说明:The condensation of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (I) with 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxaldehyde (II) by means of butyllithium and diisopropylamine in THF gives 1-benzyl-4-(5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxoindan-2-ylidenemethyl)piperidine (III), which is reduced with H2 over Pd/C in THF and treated with HCl in dichloromethane – ethyl acetate.

标题:	Synthesis of 1-benzyl-4-[(5,[C-11]6-dimethoxy-1-oxoindan-2-yl)methyl]piperidine: A promising ligand for visualisation of acetylcholine esterase by PET
作者:	Santens, P.; DeReuck, J.; Dierckx, R.A.; Siegers, G.; Vermeirsch, H.; De Vos, F.
来源:	J Label Compd Radiopharm 2000,43(6),595
合成路线图解说明:11C-Labeled donepezil was prepared by methylation of 2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl)-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindan-1-one (I) with 11CH3I by means of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in DMF.

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Donepezil hydrochloride is a useful memory enhancer introduced by the Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai. Its preparation was described in patent no. EP 296560. In this patent Donepezil was produced by reaction of 5,6-dimethoxy-1- indanone with 1 -benzyl-4-formylpiperidine in the presence of a strong base, such as lithium diisopropylamide followed by reduction of the double bond. According to this method, Donepezil was obtained (Scheme 1).Patent application WO 99/36405 describes another process for the synthesis of Donepezil. According to this patent, 2-alkoxycarbonyl-1-indanones are reacted with (4-pyridinyl) methyl halide moiety followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation to give the 2-(4-pyridinyl)methyl-1-indanone derivative. This is followed by reaction with benzyl halides to obtain the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt, and followed by hydrogenation of the pyridine ring to obtain Donepezil (Scheme 2).Patent application WO 97/22584 describes the preparation of Donepezil by reaction of pyridine-4-carboxyaldehyde with malonic acid to give 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-2- propenoic acid, followed by hydrogenation of the double bond to give 3-(piperidin-4-yl)-2-propionic acid. Reaction of this intermediate with methyl chloroformate afforded 3-[N-(methyloxycarbonyl) piperidin-4-yl]propionic acid. This was followed by reaction with oxalyl chloride to give methyl 4-(2-chlorocarbonylethyl)piperidin-1-carboxylate. Reaction with 1,2-dimethoxybenzene in the presence of aluminum chloride afforded methyl 4-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl]piperidin-1 -carboxylate. Reaction with tetramethyldiaminomethane afforded 4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)allyl] piperidin-1-carboxylate. Reaction with sulfuric acid afforded methyl 4-(5,6-dimethoxy-1-oxoindan-2-yl)methylpiperidin-1- carboxylate. This was followed by treatment with base to give 5,6-dimethoxy-2-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl) indan-1-one, then reaction with benzyl bromide afforded Donepezil (Scheme 3).

Patent application EP 711756 describes the preparation of Donepezil by reaction of 5,6-dimethoxy-1- indanone with pyridin-4-aldehyde to give 5,6-dimethoxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl)methylene indan-1-one. Reaction with benzyl bromide afforded 1-benzyl-4-(5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-on-2-ylidene)methylpyridinium bromide. Hydrogenation in the presence of platinum oxide afforded Donepezil (Scheme 4).

United States Patent 6844440

EP 1386607 A1