Ebselen



Ebselen
274.19 g/mol,
C13H9NOSe
2-phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one
- CAS 60940-34-3
- 2-phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one
- 2-Phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one
- Ebselene
- PZ 51, DR3305, and SPI-1005
- 40X2P7DPGH
Ebselen is a benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis inducer, an anti-inflammatory drug, an antioxidant, a hepatoprotective agent, a genotoxin, a radical scavenger, an enzyme mimic, an EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, an EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor, an EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antifungal agent, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent and an EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol–phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor.
Ebselen (also called PZ 51, DR3305, and SPI-1005), is a synthetic organoselenium molecule under preliminary investigation as a drug candidate.[1] It belongs to the class of compounds related to benzene and its derivatives.[1] It is being developed by the Seattle biotechnology company, Sound Pharmaceuticals, Inc.[1] It has also been reported to target tubulin, blocking its polymerization.[2]
Ebselen has been investigated for the treatment and basic science of Meniere’s Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Ebselen has been entered into clinical trials as a lead compound intended for the potential treatment of various diseases.[3] Its most advanced clinical trial is a Phase III study in people with Meniere’s disease, completed in July 2024.[4]
In vitro, ebselen is a mimic of glutathione peroxidase and reacts with peroxynitrite.[5] It is purported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.[1][5]
Synthesis
Generally, synthesis of the characteristic scaffold of ebselen, the benzoisoselenazolone ring system, can be achieved either through reaction of primary amines (RNH2) with 2-(chloroseleno)benzoyl chloride (Route I),[6] by ortho-lithiation of benzanilides followed by oxidative cyclization (Route II) mediated by cupric bromide (CuBr2),[7] or through the efficient Cu-catalyzed selenation / heterocyclization of o-halobenzamides, a methodology developed by Kumar et al.[8] (Route III).

SYN

Synthesis of ebselen from benzoic acid by ortholithiation of benzanilide SOCl 2 =Thionyl chloride, R-NH 2 =Substituted aryl mine, BuLi/THF=n-butyllithium/ tetrahydrofuran, CuBr 2 =Cupper bromide, CH 2 =CH- CH 2 -Br = Allyl bromide.
SYN
New Chiral Ebselen Analogues with Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential
Molecules, March 2017, 22(3):492

SYN
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ol102027j


2-Phenylbenzo[d][1,2]selenazol-3(2H)-one (1) from 2-Iodo-N-phenylbenzamide (Typical
Procedure): Copper iodide (114 mg, 0.6 mmol) and 1,10-phenanthroline (108 mg, 0.6 mmol)
were added into DMF (3 mL) in a single neck flask. Resulted brownish solution was stirred for
15 min and then 2-iodo-N-phenylbenzamide1 (0.97 g, 3.0 mmol), selenium powder (0.29 g, 3.6
mmol), and potassium carbonate powder (0.65 g, 4.7 mmol) were added sequentially to same reaction flask. Brown colored reaction mixture was refluxed at 110oC using refluxing condenser
under nitrogen atmosphere. Progress of reaction was monitored by TLC. Reaction mixture was
refluxed for 8h. After this, reaction mixture poured over brine solution (60 mL) and stirred for 3
h. Product was precipitated as white solid which was collected by filtration over Buchner funnel,
product was washed with water (15 mL x 2), dried in air, dissolved in ethyl acetate, concentrated
over rotary evaporator, resulted brown solid which was purified by column chromatography
using hexane/ ethyl acetate (8:2) over silica gel. Yield 0.69 g (84%), mp 182-183 °C (180-181
°C).14,15 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.09 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),
7.71-7.62 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.28 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
8.12 (d, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.29 (m, 1H). IR (plate): 3057, 2921,
1598, 1443, 1346, 1263, 1028 cm-1; ESMS m/z: 276 (M+H+).
2-Phenylbenzo[d][1,2]selenazol-3(2H)-one (1) from 2-Iodo-N-phenylbenzamide at 74 mmol
scale: Reaction was carried out at 74 mmol scale using 2-iodo-N-phenylbenzamide (24.00 g,
74.3 mmol), selenium powder (7.04 g, 89.1 mmol), CuI (2.83 g, 14.9 mmol), 1,10
phenanthroline (2.69 g, 14.9 mmol), and anhydrous potassium carbonate powder (15.40 g, 111.4
mmol) in DMF (50 mL) and procedure and workup followed are similar to 3.6 mmol scale
reaction. Yield 16.28 g (80%), Figure S1.
2-Phenylbenzo[d][1,2]selenazol-3(2H)-one (1) from 2-Bromo-N-phenylbenzamide: Ebselen 1
was prepared from 2-bromo-N-phenylbenzamide2 (1.00 g, 3.6 mmol), selenium powder (0.34 g,
4.3 mmol), K2CO3 powder (0.74 g, 5.4 mmol), CuI (137 mg, 0.7 mmol), and 1,10-phenanthroline
(130 mg, 0.7 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). Reaction mixture was refluxed for 16 h at 110oC. Progress of reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion of reaction, mixture was poured into brine
solution (60 mL) and the resulted white precipitate was washed with water (20 mL x 2), and
dried in air. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel using CH2Cl2 provided white
crystalline solid (0.77 g, 78%).
2-Phenylbenzo[d][1,2]selenazol-3(2H)-one (1) from 2-Chloro-N-phenylbenzamide: Reaction
was carried out at 4 mmol scale using 2-chloro-N-phenylbenzamide3 (1.00 g, 4.3 mmol), CuI
(172 mg, 0.9 mmol), 1,10-phenanthroline (162 mg, 0.9 mmol), selenium powder (0.41 g, 5.2
mmol), K2CO3 (0.89 g, 6.4 mmol) in DMF (4 mL). Reaction mixture was refluxed for 24 h at
110oC. Workup procedure is similar as followed for bromo substrate. Yield 0.55 g (47%).
History
The first patent for 2-phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3(2H)-one was filed in 1980 and granted in 1982.[9]
Research
Ebselen is in preliminary clinical development for the potential treatment of hearing loss and depression, among other medical indications.[3][10]



AS ON JUNE2025 4.45 LAKHS VIEWS ON BLOG WORLDREACH AVAILABLEFOR YOUR ADVERTISEMENT

join me on Linkedin
Anthony Melvin Crasto Ph.D – India | LinkedIn
join me on Researchgate
RESEARCHGATE

join me on Facebook
Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr. | Facebook
join me on twitter
Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr. | twitter
+919321316780 call whatsaapp
EMAIL. amcrasto@gmail.com

……
References
- “Ebselen”. DrugBank. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
- Baksheeva VE, La Rocca R, Allegro D, Derviaux C, Pasquier E, Roche P, Morelli X, Devred F, Golovin AV, Tsvetkov PO (2025). “NanoDSF Screening for Anti-tubulin Agents Uncovers New Structure–Activity Insights”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01008.
- “Ebselen pipeline”. Sound Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2025. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
- “SPI-1005 for the Treatment of Meniere’s Disease (STOPMD-3)”. ClinicalTrials.gov, US National Library of Medicine. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
- Schewe T (October 1995). “Molecular actions of ebselen – an antiinflammatory antioxidant”. General Pharmacology. 26 (6): 1153–69. doi:10.1016/0306-3623(95)00003-J. PMID 7590103.
- Kamigata N, Iizuka H, Izuoka A, Kobayashi M (July 1986). “Photochemical Reaction of 2-Aryl-1, 2-benzisoselenazol-3 (2 H)-ones”. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 59 (7): 2179–83. doi:10.1246/bcsj.59.2179.
- Engman L, Hallberg A (1989-06-01). “Expedient synthesis of ebselen and related compounds”. The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 54 (12): 2964–2966. doi:10.1021/jo00273a035. ISSN 0022-3263.
- Balkrishna SJ, Bhakuni BS, Chopra D, Kumar S (December 2010). “Cu-catalyzed efficient synthetic methodology for ebselen and related Se-N heterocycles”. Organic Letters. 12 (23): 5394–7. doi:10.1021/ol102027j. PMID 21053969.
- DE3027073A1, Etschenberg, Eugen Dr; Renson, Marcel Prof Dipl-Chem Jupille & Winkelmann, Johannes Dr 5000 Köln, “2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2h)-on enthaltende pharmazeutische praeparate und ihre verwendung”, issued 1982-02-18
- “Ebselen search: list of clinical trials sponsored by Sound Pharmaceuticals”. ClinicalTrials.gov, US National Library of Medicine. 2025. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
External links
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name2-Phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3(2H)-one | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 60940-34-3 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | Interactive imageInteractive image |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:77543 |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL51085 |
| ChemSpider | 3082 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.132.190 |
| PubChem CID | 3194 |
| UNII | 40X2P7DPGH |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID7045150 |
| InChI | |
| SMILES | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C13H9NOSe |
| Molar mass | 274.17666 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
////////Ebselen, Ebselene, PZ 51, DR 3305, SPI 1005, PHASE 3, 40X2P7DPGH, Meniere’s Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Myself, NIPER-G and NDTL Collaborate to Synthesize ‘Methandienone LTM’ for Global Anti-Doping Efforts
A proud moment for me [ ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO ] as Scientific Advisor at Niper-G Dept Pharma Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Govt of India 
Congrats team Niper-G and team National Dope Testing Lab Govt of India
Prof. (Dr.) P. L. Sahu and Myself being a part of it as Scientific Advisor Niper-G for few years in Medicinal chem dept. Launched by Union minister Mansukh Mandaviya on 4th sept 2025 in Delhi
will be distributed across the world via World Anti-Doping agency WADA
Methandienone LTM is high purity rare reference material
Hope my interactions and guidance has given fruitful results. Thanks to Dr Murty for appointing me as advisor. Methandienone LTM will make India proud across the World 
A great achievement for India
as nation and advanced capability demonstration
https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2163812
India Develops Rare Reference Material for Enhanced Anti-Doping Testing in Sports
NIPER Guwahati and NDTL Collaborate to Synthesize ‘Methandienone Long-Term Metabolite’ for Global Anti-Doping Efforts

//////////NIPER-G, NDTL, Methandienone LTM, Global Anti-Doping, INDIA
Sergliflozin Etabonate


Sergliflozin Etabonate
408504-26-7 Cas no
Ethyl [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl carbonate
2-(4-methoxybenzyl)phenyl 6-O-ethoxycarbonyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
ethyl [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]phenoxy]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]methyl carbonate
ethyl [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]phenoxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl carbonate
PHASE 2……….TYPE 3 DIABETES AND OBESITY
A SGLT-2 inhibitor potentially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
GW-869682; GW-869682X; KGT-1251
- etabonate de sergliflozine
- etabonato de sergliflozina
MW 448.4, C23H28O9
KISSEI INNOVATOR
GSK DEVELOPER
Sergliflozin Etabonate is a benzylphenol glucoside and selective sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antihyperglycemic activity. Its prodrug form, sergliflozin etabonate, is orally available and is converted to sergiflozin upon absorption.
Sergliflozin etabonate (INN/USAN,[1][2] codenamed GW869682X) is an investigational anti-diabetic drug being developed by GlaxoSmithKline. It did not undergo further development after phase II
Sergliflozin inhibits subtype 2 of the sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLT2), which is responsible for at least 90% of the glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Blocking this transporter causes blood glucose to be eliminated through the urine.[3][4]
Chemistry
Etabonate refers to the ethyl carbonate group. The remaining structure, which is the active substance, is called sergliflozin.

Sergliflozin
[PDF] Design, Syntheses, and SAR Studies of Carbocyclic Analogues of …onlinelibrary.wiley.com974 × 740Search by imageDesign, Syntheses, and SAR Studies of Carbocyclic Analogues of Sergliflozin as Potent SodiumDependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 In
Sergliflozin Etabonate is a benzylphenol glucoside and selective sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antihyperglycemic activity. Its prodrug form, sergliflozin etabonate, is orally available and is converted to sergiflozin upon absorption.

sergliflozin and prodrugs of sergliflozin, in particular sergliflozin etabonate, including hydrates and solvates thereof, and crystalline forms thereof. Methods for its manufacture are described in the patent applications EP 1344780 and EP 1489089 for example.
The compounds are described in EP 1 329 456 A1 and a crystalline form ofSergliflozin etabonate is described in EP 1 489 089 A1.
PATENT
US6872706B2
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US40677423&_cid=P20-MF4ZUQ-42384-1

PATENT
WO2001068660A1
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2001068660&_cid=P20-MF4ZXC-45172-1

SYN
Heterocycles 2016, 92, 1599


Our initial synthetic route of Serglifrozin etabonate (1) in early development consisted of six steps,
including synthesis of tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (9), as shown in Scheme 1
and Scheme 2 The first step is the coupling reaction of phenol (3) and 4-methoxybenzyl chloride (4) in the presence of
lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H2O) to provide the aglycon 5 in a 30% yield following
chromatographic purification (Scheme 1). We prepared 9 separately by mono-deacetylation of
penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose (7) with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine in THF followed by reaction of
the crude product of 8 with trichloroacetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) in ethyl
acetate (EtOAc) (Scheme 2). Next, we carried out glycosylation of 5 with 9 in the presence of boron
trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3·OEt2) in EtOAc to produce 6 in a 77% yield. The obtained 6 was
deacetylated with sodium methoxide (NaOMe) in MeOH to produce Serglifrozin (2) in a 73% yield, and
reaction of the isolated 2 with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of 2,6-lutidine in acetone provided 1 in
a 66% yield. The overall yield from 3 was 11%. While this route was capable of supplying small
amounts of 1, it suffered from several disadvantages.
The coupling reaction between 3 and 4 provided the aglycon 5 in low yield (30%); thus, chromatographic
purification was required to obtain highly pure 5. The trichloroimidation reaction of 8 is too hazardous
for large-scale manufacturing, because an excess amount of trichloroacetonitrile, a volatile and highly
toxic reagent, is required to obtain the trichloroacetimidate 9. Furthermore, 9 is too unstable to use
conveniently in large-scale manufacturing. Trichloroacetamide, a sublimation compound, is formed as a
by-product from the glycosylation of 5 with 9. Thus, the vacuum line and the vacuum pump of the
manufacturing equipment would be polluted by trichloroacetamide.
Because of these issues, this synthetic method is unsuitable for large-scale manufacturing. Therefore,
we investigated alternative processes for the preparation of 1, suitable for large-scale manufacturing. An improved synthetic method for 1 was achieved in a five-step procedure without purification of 6
(intermediate), as shown in Scheme 3.

The Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole (10) with 2-methoxybenzoyl chloride (11) in the presence of
aluminum chloride (AlCl3) at 110 °C provided benzophenone (12), which was selectively demethylated
on the methoxy group at the 2-position. The crude product of 12 was crystallized from MeOH to
provide highly pure 12 in a 78% yield. Hydrogenation of 12 in EtOH with 0.3–0.4 MPa H2 at room
temperature in the presence of 10% Pd/C provided 5. The crude product of 5 was crystallized from
toluene/n-heptane to provide highly pure 5 in an 88% yield.
The key step of the synthesis was the formation of the O-glycosylated product 6. In the initial synthesis,
it was necessary to isolate 6 to remove trichloroacetamide. Consequently, 2 was provided in a 56%
yield from 5. To obtain 6 efficiently without using the trichloroacetimidate (9), we evaluated several
conditions for the direct O-glycosylation of 5 with 7. The results are summarized in Table 1. The
O-glycosylation of 5 with 7 (200 mol%) in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3·OEt2;
100 mol%) in dichloromethane (DCM) at room temperature provided the crude product of 6 with a good
yield (80%) and β-selectivity (94/6), and then the deacetylation of the crude product of 6 in the presence
of sodium methoxide (NaOMe) in MeOH proceeded almost quantitatively to provide 2 in a 71% isolated
yield from 5 (run 1). Using this method, it was not necessary to isolate 6 because the excess amount of
7 was converted to glucose and removed to the aqueous layers in the deacetylation step. Use of DCM is
undesirable for large-scale manufacturing because quenching of O-glycosylation with water is highly
exothermic and washing of the DCM layer with water is a complicated procedure. Additionally, it is
strongly desirable to avoid using DCM in a manufacturing process due to environmental issues. For the reasons mentioned above, we attempted to use toluene as an alternative solvent. The O-glycosylation in
the presence of BF3·OEt2 (100 mol%) in toluene at 30 °C did not proceed completely, and the yield of 6
was lower than run 1 (run 2). We concluded that the lower solubility of 7 in toluene, compared with
DCM, caused the low yield. Because it was difficult to increase the amount of toluene from the
perspective of manufacturing efficiency, we tried to improve its solubility by optimizing the reagent
equivalent. Fortunately, we found that an excess amount of BF3·OEt2 enhanced the solubility of 7 in
toluene, and using 300 mol% of BF3·OEt2 in toluene provided 6 in a good yield (80%), similar to that
when using DCM (run 3). In contrast, reducing the amount of 7 provided 6 in an insufficient yield, and
2 was consequently provided in a lower yield (60%) (run 4). To achieve higher β-selectivity and an
increased yield, triethylamine (Et3N) was added to the O-glycosylation of 5 with 7 in the presence of
BF3·OEt2, according to the method of Lee et al.
9 Addition of Et3N (30 mol%) at 30 °C resulted in both
higher yield (89%) and higher β-selectivity (97/3) to provide 2 with a 79% isolated yield (run 5).
Increasing the amount of Et3N to 60 mol% at 30 °C resulted in a lower yield (85%) of 6 compared with
run 5, and the yield of 2 decreased (74%) (run 6). Increasing the reaction temperature to 40 °C in the
presence of 60 mol% of Et3N achieved the best results for both high yield (90%) and high β-selectivity
(99/1) to provide 2 in an 80% yield (run 7).
6-O-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1). Ethyl
chloroformate (407 mg, 3.75 mol) was added drop-wise to the mixture of 2 (1.13 g, 3.0 mmol) and
2,6-lutidine (563 mg, 5.25 mmol) in acetone (4 mL) while maintaining the temperature between 12 and
18 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 23 h. Water (5 mL) was added drop-wise while
maintaining the temperature below 30 °C, and EtOAc (10 mL) was then added to the mixture. The
biphasic solution was transferred to a separating funnel for phase separation. The aqueous layer was
extracted with EtOAc (5 mL). The EtOAc layers were combined, washed successively with an aqueous
solution of 10% citric acid (5 mL × 2), an aqueous solution of 10% NaCl (5 mL), an aqueous solution of
5% NaHCO3 (5 mL × 2), and an aqueous solution of 10% NaCl (5 mL). They were then dried over
Na2SO4 and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. EtOH was added to the residue, and
the weight was adjusted to 7.2 g. The mixture was heated to 65 °C to dissolve solids. The solution was
cooled to 55 °C and seeded with 1. The solution was aged for 1 h at 50 °C, during which time the
product began to crystallize. After the slurry was cooled to 25 °C, n-heptane (11 mL) was added
drop-wise to the slurry at 25 °C followed by stirring for 1 h at 25 °C. The slurry was cooled to 3 °C and
then stirred for 2 h at 3 °C. The slurry was filtered, and the wet cake was washed with a mixed solvent
of EtOH (1.5 mL) and n-heptane (3 mL). The precipitate was dried in vacuo at 70 °C to give 888 mg
(66% yield) of 1 as a white solid. [α]
20
D -43.5 (c 1.0, DMSO). IR (KBr) cm-1
: 3495, 1744, 1514, 1488,
1454, 1467, 1411, 1372, 1340, 1266. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.27 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 2.00 (1H, d, J=1.6
Hz), 3.46–3.54 (3H, m), 3.56–3.61 (2H, m), 3.72 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 3.75 (3H, s), 3.82 (1H, d, J=15.5 Hz),
4.03 (1H, d, J=15.5 Hz), 4.11–4.22 (2H, m), 4.42 (2H, d, J=3.8 Hz), 4.69 (1H, d, J=7.4 Hz), 6.79–6.83
(2H, m), 6.97–7.02 (2H, m), 7.04–7.07 (2H, m), 7.15–7.22 (2H, m). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 14.2 (q), 36.1
(t), 55.4 (q), 64.4 (t), 66.4 (t), 69.6 (d), 73.4 (d), 73.8 (d), 75.7 (d), 100.8 (d), 114.1 (d×2), 114.4 (d), 122.7
(d), 128.0 (d), 129.2 (d×2), 130.0 (s), 131.1 (d), 133.4 (s), 155.2 (s), 155.4 (s), 157.8 (s). HRMS (ESI)
m/z: 466.2070 [M+NH4]
+
(Calcd for C23H32NO9: 466.2072)
6-O-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1). Ethyl
chloroformate (21.6 g, 0.199 mol) was added drop-wise to the mixture of 2 (65.0 g, 0.173 mol),
2,6-lutidine (27.8 g, 0.259 mol) and pyridine (0.33 g, 4.2 mmol) in acetone (210 mL), maintaining the
temperature between -1 and 5 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2 h. The reaction was
monitored by HPLC.15 Water (200 mL) was added drop-wise, maintaining the temperature below 30 °C,
and then EtOAc (220 mL) was added to the mixture. The biphasic solution was transferred to a
separating funnel for phase separation. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (140 mL). The
EtOAc layers were combined, washed successively with an aqueous solution of 10% citric acid (180 mL
× 2), an aqueous solution of 10% NaCl (66 g), an aqueous solution of 5% NaHCO3 (65 g × 2), and an aqueous solution of 10% NaCl (100 g), and then dried over Na2SO4 (65 g). After acetic acid (10 g,
0.167 mol) was added to the filtrate, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue
was dissolved in EtOH (660 mL) at 65 °C. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure until
more than 330 mL distillate had been collected. EtOH was added to the residue, and the weight was
adjusted to 370 g. n-Heptane (120 mL) was added, and the resulting slurry was heated to 65 °C to
dissolve solids. The solution was cooled to 55 °C and seeded with 1. The solution was aged for 1 h at
50 °C, during which time the product began to crystallize. n-Heptane (480 mL) was added drop-wise to
the slurry, maintaining the temperature between 50 and 60 °C, and the slurry was stirred for 0.5 h at 55 °C.
The slurry was allowed to cool slowly over 2.5 h to 30 °C, then cooled to 3 °C, and then stirred for 1.5 h
at 3 °C. The slurry was filtered, and the wet cake was washed with a mixed solvent of EtOH (80 mL)
and n-heptane (180 mL). The precipitate was dried in vacuo at 70 °C to give 63.6 g (82% yield) of 1 as
a white solid.
REFERENCES (AND NOTES)
- W. N. Washburn, Expert Opin. Ther. Patents, 2009, 19, 1485.
- A. M. Pajor and E. M. Wright, J. Biol. Chem., 1992, 267, 3557.
- E. M. Wright, Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2001, 280, F10.
- Y. Kanai, W. S. Lee, G. You, D. Brown, and M. A. Hediger, J. Clin. Invest., 1994, 93, 397.
- H. Fujikura, N. Fushimi, T. Nishimura, K. Tatani, and M. Isaji, PCT, WO 02/28872 (2002).
- H. Fujikura, N. Fushimi, T. Nishimura, K. Tatani, K. Katsuno, M. Hiratochi, Y. Tokutake, and M.
Isaji, PCT, WO 01/688660 (2001). - K. Katsuno, Y. Fujimori, Y. Takemura, M. Hiratochi, F. Itoh, Y. Komatsu, H. Fujikura, and M. Isaji,
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2007, 320, 323. - M. Isaji, Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2007, 8, 285.
- S. Y. Lee, S. E. Rho, K. Y. Min, T. B. Kim, and H. K. Kim, J. Carbohydr. Chem., 2001, 20, 503.
- M. Yamaguchi, A. Horiguchi, A. Fukuda, and T. Minami, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1990,
1079. - K. Ishihara, H. Kurihara, and H. Yamamoto, J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 3791.
- I. T. Akimova, A. V. Kaminsky, and V. I. Svistunova, Chem. Heterocycl. Compd., 2005, 41, 1374.
- B. N. Cook, S. Bhakta, T. Biegel, K. G. Bowman, J. I. Armstrong, S. Hemmerich, and C. R. Bertozzi,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 8612. - HPLC conditions: column, Inertsil ODS-3 (5 µm) 4.6 mm × 250 mm (GL Science Inc.); mobile
phase, isocratic elution with acetonitrile / 0.02 M KH2PO4, pH 3 = 6/4; flow rate, 1.0 mL/min;
column oven temperature, 40 °C; wave length, 225 nm; retention times, 5 = 16 min, α-anomer of 5 =18 min. - HPLC conditions: column, Inertsil ODS-3 (5 µm) 4.6 mm × 250 mm (GL Science Inc.); mobile
phase, gradient elution with 5 min 4/6 → 15 min 6/4 → 30 min 6/4 of acetonitrile/0.02 M KH2PO4,
pH 3; flow rate, 1.0 mL/min; column oven temperature, 40 °C; wavelength, 225 nm; retention times,
1 = 17 min, 2,6- and 4,6-bis-O-ethoxycarbonyl derivatives = 24 min, 3,6-bis-O-ethoxycarbonyl
derivative = 25 min.
SYN
Synthesis 2024, 56, 906–943
Sergliflozin etabonate (16), also known as GW869682X, was developed collaboratively by GlaxoSmithKline and Kissei Pharmaceutical (Japan). Unfortunately, it did not pass phase III trials. It belongs to the class of sodium–glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and acts as a prodrug of sergliflozin, with the ethyl carbonate group referred to as etabonate. When compared to phlorizin, sergliflozin etabonate demonstrated significantly higher activity against SGLT2 than SGLT1. The initial synthetic route for the preparation of sergliflozin was described and patented by Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. This particular route for Oaryl-glycoside-type derivatives was registered in the United States under patent application number US6872706B2.73 The first reported synthesis of sergliflozin etabonate
(16), which involves six steps, can be found in the patents US6872706B2 73a and WO2001068660A1 (Scheme 48).73b Compound 271 was prepared in a high yield of 96% follow ing a literature procedure. The selective monodeacetylationof penta-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranose, compound 269, was
achieved using N,N-dimethylethylenediamine in THF, resulting in the formation of compound 270. Subsequently, a reaction with trichloroacetonitrile and potassium carbonate led to the synthesis of intermediate 271 in excellent yield. To prepare the aglycone intermediate 268, phenol (235) was condensed with 4-methoxybenzyl chloride (267) using LiOH under reflux conditions. Further,O-glycosyla
tion of compound 268 with 271 was accomplished using boron trifluoride–diethyl etherate (BF3·OEt2), yielding intermediate 272. Removal of the acetyl groups from intermediate 272 was carried out using NaOMe in methanol to obtain sergliflozin (16a) in a yield of 73%. Finally, sergliflozin etabonate (16) was obtained by reacting compound 16a with ethyl chloroformate and 2,6-lutidine, resulting in a yield of
66%. The overall yield of sergliflozin etabonate (16a) was calculated to be 11%. It is important to note that the trichloroimidation reaction used in the synthesis of trichloroacetimidate 271 is considered hazardous and is not recommended for commercial use due to the highly toxic reagent, trichloroaceto
nitrile. Additionally, the process poses challenges in effectively removing the unwanted by-product, trichloroacetamide, formed during the preparation.A recently published approach presents an alternative synthesis of sergliflozin etabonate (16) that avoids the use of a trichloroacetimidate intermediate (Scheme 49).74a The five-step synthesis of compound 16a commenced from
readily available anisole (273a). An efficient Friedel–Crafts reaction was performed on anisole (273a) using the acid chloride 273 in the presence of aluminum chloride in chlorobenzene, leading to formation of benzophenone 274. Notably, demethylation of 274 was also observed under these
conditions. Next, ketone group reduction was achieved us ing 10% Pd/C and ethanol under 0.3–0.4 MPa of H2, providing compound 268 in 88% yield and high purity. Subsequently, O-glycosylation of 268 with penta-acetylated com pound 269 was carried out using BF3·Et2O and triethylamine, resulting in the formation of 272 in 90% yield with a high b-selectivity (99:1).74b Deacetylation of compound 272 was performed using NaOMe in methanol, affording sergliflozin (16a) in 80% yield. Further reaction with
ethyl chloroformate in the presence of 2,6-lutidine resulted in sergliflozin etabonate (16). The overall yield of compound 16 was calculated to be 41%. This novel synthetic route offers a promising alternative to the traditional method and demonstrates improved efficiency in the preparation of sergliflozin etabonate (16)
(73) (a) Fujikura, H.; Fushimi, N. US6872706B2, 2005. (b) Fujikura, H.; Fushimi, N.; Nishimura, T.; Tatani, K.; Katsuno, K.; Hiratochi, M.; Tokutake, Y.; Isaji, M. WO2001068660A1, 2001.
(74) (a) Kobayashi, M.; Isawa, H.; Sonehara, J.; Kubota, M. Heterocycles 2016, 92, 1599. (b) Lee, Y. S.; Rho, S. E.; Min, K. Y.; Kim, T. B.; Kim, H. K. J. Carbohydr. Chem. 2001, 20, 503.


| Patent | Submitted | Granted |
|---|---|---|
| Progression Inhibitor For Disease Attributed To Abnormal Accumulation Of Liver Fat [US2008045466] | 2008-02-21 | |
| NOVEL SUBSTITUTED TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENES, PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF AND THE USE THEREOF AS MEDICAMENTS [US2010249097] | 2010-09-30 | |
| (CARBOXYLALKYLENEPHENYL)PHENYLOXAMIDES, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND USE OF SAME AS A MEDICAMENT [US2010261645] | 2010-10-14 | |
| (CYCLOPROPYLPHENYL)PHENYLOXAMIDES, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, AND USE OF SAME AS A MEDICAMENT [US8148375] | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-03 |
| Crystals of glucopyranosyloxybenzyl benzene derivative [US7371730] | 2005-06-02 | 2008-05-13 |
| CERTAIN CRYSTALLINE DIPHENYLAZETIDINONE HYDRATES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS THEREOF AND METHODS FOR THEIR USE [US8003636] | 2009-08-13 | 2011-08-23 |
| NOVEL DIPHENYLAZETIDINONE SUBSTITUTED BY PIPERAZINE-1-SULFONIC ACID AND HAVING IMPROVED PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES [US2009264402] | 2009-10-22 | |
| Arylaminoaryl-alkyl-substituted imidazolidine-2,4-diones, process for preparing them, medicaments comprising these compounds, and their use [US7759366] | 2009-08-27 | 2010-07-20 |
| Glucopyranosyloxybenzylbenzene derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same [US2005065098] | 2005-03-24 | |
| Glucopyranosyloxybenzylbenzene derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same [US6872706] | 2004-01-29 | 2005-03-29 |
| Patent | Submitted | Granted |
|---|---|---|
| PROGRESSION INHIBITOR FOR DISEASE ATTRIBUTED TO ABNORMAL ACCUMULATION OF LIVER FAT [US2009286751] | 2009-11-19 | |
| THERAPEUTIC USES OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS [US2011077212] | 2011-03-31 | |
| PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING A SGLT2 INHIBITOR IN COMBINATION WITH A DPP-IV INHIBITOR [US2011098240] | 2011-04-28 | |
| Substituted imidazoline-2,4-diones, process for preparation thereof, medicaments comprising these compounds and use thereof [US2011112097] | 2011-05-12 | |
| Heterocycle-substituted imidazolidine-2,4-diones, process for preparation thereof, medicaments comprising them and use thereof [US2011046105] | 2011-02-24 | |
| Arylchalcogenoarylalkyl-substituted imidazolidine-2,4-diones, process for preparation thereof, medicaments comprising these compounds and use thereof [US2011046185] | 2011-02-24 | |
| Arylchalcogenoarylalkyl-substituted imidazolidine-2,4-diones, process for preparation thereof, medicaments comprising these compounds and use thereof [US2011053947] | 2011-03-03 | |
| Novel aromatic fluoroglycoside derivatives, pharmaceuticals comprising said compounds and the use thereof [US2011059910] | 2011-03-10 | |
| Novel phenyl-substituted imidazolidines, process for preparation thereof, medicaments comprising said compounds and use thereof [US2011178134] | 2011-07-21 | |
| HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, PROCESSES FOR THEIR PREPARATION, MEDICAMENTS COMPRISING THESE COMPOUNDS, AND THE USE THEREOF [US2011183998] | 2011-07-28 |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)phenyl 6-O-(ethoxycarbonyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside | |
| Clinical data | |
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 408504-26-7 |
| ATC code | None |
| PubChem | CID: 9824918 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 4587 |
| ChemSpider | 21234810 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL450044 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C23H28O9 |
| Molecular mass | 448.463 g/mol |
References
- World Health Organization (2008). “International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Recommended International Nonproprietary Names: List 59” (PDF). WHO Drug Information. 22 (1): 66. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2009.
- “Statement on a nonproprietary name adopted by the USAN council: Sergliflozin etabonate” (PDF). American Medical Association. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
- Katsuno K, Fujimori Y, Takemura Y, et al. (January 2007). “Sergliflozin, a novel selective inhibitor of low-affinity sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2), validates the critical role of SGLT2 in renal glucose reabsorption and modulates plasma glucose level”. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 320 (1): 323–30. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.110296. PMID 17050778. S2CID 8306408.
- “Prous Science: Molecule of the Month November 2007”. Archived from the original on 2007-11-05. Retrieved 2008-10-28.



AS ON JUNE2025 4.45 LAKHS VIEWS ON BLOG WORLDREACH AVAILABLEFOR YOUR ADVERTISEMENT

join me on Linkedin
Anthony Melvin Crasto Ph.D – India | LinkedIn
join me on Researchgate
RESEARCHGATE

join me on Facebook
Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr. | Facebook
join me on twitter
Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr. | twitter
+919321316780 call whatsaapp
EMAIL. amcrasto@gmail.com

……
////////// etabonate, Sergliflozin etabonate, Sergliflozin, PHASE 3, GW869682X, GSK, KISSEI, GW-869682; GW-869682X; KGT-1251
CCOC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC=CC=C2CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)O)O)O
CCOC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)Oc2ccccc2Cc3ccc(cc3)OC)O)O)O
Donidalorsen

Donidalorsen
CAS 2304692-48-4
| 분자량 Mw | 8672.64 |
|---|---|
| 화학식Mf | C296H435N83O151P20S15 |
ISIS 721744, ISIS-721744
FDA 8/21/2025, Dawnzera, To prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema
DNA, D((2′-O-(2-METHOXYETHYL))M5RU-SP-(2′-O-(2-METHOXYETHYL))RG-SP-(2′-O-(2-METHOXYETHYL))M5RC-(2′-O-(2-METHOXYETHYL))RA-(2′-O-(2-METHOXYETHYL))RA-SP-G-SP-T-SP-M5C-SP-T-SP-M5C-SP-T-SP-T-SP-G-SP-G-SP-M5C-SP-(2′-O-(2-METHOXYETHYL))RA-(2′-O-(2-METHOXYETHYL)
- WHO 11653
- DNA, d((2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl))m5rU-sp-(2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)(rG-sp-(2′-O-(2- methoxyethyl))m5rC-(2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl))rA-(2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl))rA-spG-sp-T-sp-m5C-sp-T-sp-m5C-sp-T-sp-T-sp-G-sp-G-sp-m5C-sp-(2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl))rA-(2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl))rA-(2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl))rA-sp-(2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl))m5rC-sp-(2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl))rA), 5′-(26-((2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-14,14-bis((3-((6-((2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxybeta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)hexyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)methyl)-8,12,19-trioxo16-oxa-7,13,20-triazahexacos-1-yl hydrogen phosphate)
- UNII-ZD4D8M32TL
| Ingredient | UNII | CAS | . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Donidalorsen sodium | Y30VEG5PH1 | 2304701-45-7 |
Donidalorsen, sold under the brand name Dawnzera, is a medication used to prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema.[1] Donidalorsen is a prekallikrein-directed antisense oligonucleotide.[1] It is given by injection under the skin (subcutaneous).[1]
Donidalorsen was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2025.[2]
Donidalorsen is under investigation in clinical trial NCT05392114 to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of donidalorsen in the prophylactic treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE)
Donidalorsen is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to reduce the production of prekallikrein (PKK). PKK plays an important role in the activation of inflammatory mediators associated with acute attacks of Hereditary angioedema (HAE).
AWNZERA™ (donidalorsen) approved in the U.S. as first and only RNA-targeted prophylactic treatment for hereditary angioedema
August 21, 2025
– DAWNZERA demonstrated significant and sustained HAE attack rate reduction and long-term disease control –
– Offers longest dosing option for HAE, with dosing every 4 or 8 weeks –
– Compelling profile supported by recently published switch data –
– Ionis’ second independent launch in just nine months, with potential for two additional launches next year –
– Ionis to host webcast today at 12:15pm ET –
CARLSBAD, Calif.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Aug. 21, 2025– Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: IONS) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved DAWNZERA™ (donidalorsen) for prophylaxis to prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older. DAWNZERA is the first and only RNA-targeted medicine approved for HAE, designed to target plasma prekallikrein (PKK), a key protein that activates inflammatory mediators associated with acute attacks of HAE. DAWNZERA 80mg is self-administered via subcutaneous autoinjector once every four (Q4W) or eight weeks (Q8W).
This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250818615141/en/

DAWNZERA (donidalorsen) logo
HAE is a rare and potentially life-threatening genetic condition that involves recurrent attacks of severe swelling (angioedema) in various parts of the body, including the hands, feet, genitals, stomach, face and/or throat. HAE is estimated to affect approximately 7,000 people in the U.S.
“DAWNZERA represents a significant advance for people living with HAE who need improved treatment options. With strong and durable efficacy, convenient administration and the longest dosing option available, we believe DAWNZERA will be the prophylactic treatment of choice for many people living with HAE. Importantly, the recently published switch data empowers patients and physicians with a roadmap for switching to DAWNZERA from other prophylactic therapies,” said Brett P. Monia, Ph.D., chief executive officer, Ionis. “At Ionis, we are dedicated to turning groundbreaking science into life-changing medicines. With the early success of our first independent launch of TRYNGOLZA® for familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), and now with DAWNZERA, our second independent medicine approved in less than nine months, we are proudly delivering on that vision. To the patients, families, advocacy partners and investigators who helped make this moment a reality, we express our deepest gratitude.”
The approval of DAWNZERA was based on positive results from the Phase 3 global, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled OASIS-HAE study in patients with HAE. The study met its primary endpoint, with DAWNZERA Q4W significantly reducing monthly HAE attack rate by 81% compared to placebo over 24 weeks. Mean attack rate reduction increased to 87% when measured from the second dose, a key secondary endpoint. Additionally, DAWNZERA Q4W reduced moderate-to-severe HAE attacks by ~90% over 24 weeks when measured from the second dose.
These results are bolstered by the ongoing OASISplus open-label extension (OLE) study, in which DAWNZERA Q8W had a similar effect as Q4W over time. DAWNZERA demonstrated 94% total mean attack rate reduction from baseline across both dosing groups after one year in the OLE.
The OASISplus study also includes a switch cohort evaluating DAWNZERA Q4W in patients previously treated with lanadelumab, C1-esterase inhibitor or berotralstat for at least 12 weeks. Switching to DAWNZERA reduced mean HAE attack rate by 62% from prior prophylactic treatment over 16 weeks, with no mean increase in breakthrough attacks observed during the switch. A total of 84% of patients surveyed preferred DAWNZERA over their prior prophylactic treatment, citing better disease control, less time to administer and less injection site pain or reactions.
Across clinical studies, DAWNZERA demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile. The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5%) were injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and abdominal discomfort.
“As the first FDA-approved RNA-targeted therapy for HAE, DAWNZERA represents a welcome advance in therapeutic options for preventing attacks. Today’s approval gives people living with HAE and their physicians another important choice for aligning treatment with individual needs,” said Anthony J. Castaldo, CEO & chairman of the board, U.S. Hereditary Angioedema Association (HAEA) and Hereditary Angioedema International (HAEi).
“People living with HAE manage this condition for all their lives, and many continue to face unpredictable, painful and dangerous breakthrough attacks even with current treatments. Durable efficacy is essential in maintaining long-term disease control,” said Marc Riedl, M.D., M.S., clinical director, U.S. HAEA Angioedema Center; University of California, San Diego; OASIS-HAE and OASISplus trial investigator. “DAWNZERA is positioned to help meet patient needs, providing substantial and sustained reduction of HAE attacks, continued improvement over time and reduced burden of treatment.”
DAWNZERA will be available in the U.S. in the coming days.
Ionis is committed to helping people access the medicines they are prescribed and will offer a suite of services designed to meet the unique needs of the HAE community through Ionis Every Step™. As part of Ionis Every Step, patients and healthcare providers will have access to a wide range of support and resources including dedicated support from a Patient Education Manager, assistance with the insurance approval process, information on affordability programs, access to the DAWNZERA Direct digital companion and other ongoing services and resources to help patients stay on track. Visit DAWNZERA.com for more information.




AS ON JUNE2025 4.45 LAKHS VIEWS ON BLOG WORLDREACH AVAILABLEFOR YOUR ADVERTISEMENT

join me on Linkedin
Anthony Melvin Crasto Ph.D – India | LinkedIn
join me on Researchgate
RESEARCHGATE

join me on Facebook
Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr. | Facebook
join me on twitter
Anthony Melvin Crasto Dr. | twitter
+919321316780 call whatsaapp
EMAIL. amcrasto@gmail.com

……
References
- “DAWNZERA (donidalorsen) injection, for subcutaneous use” (PDF). Highlights of Prescribing Information. Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- “Dawnzera (donidalorsen) approved in the U.S. as first and only RNA-targeted prophylactic treatment for hereditary angioedema” (Press release). Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 21 August 2025. Retrieved 22 August 2025 – via Business Wire.
- “Donidalorsen: An Investigational RNA-targeted Medicine” (PDF). Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Farkas H, Balla Z (March 2024). “Kallikrein inhibitors for angioedema: the progress of preclinical and early phase studies”. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 33 (3): 191–200. doi:10.1080/13543784.2024.2320700. PMID 38366937.
- “Dawnzera: FDA-Approved Drugs”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 22 August 2025.
- World Health Organization (2021). “International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 86”. WHO Drug Information. 35 (3). hdl:10665/346562.
Further reading
- Raja A, Shuja MH, Raja S, Qammar A, Kumar S, Khurram L, et al. (December 2024). “Efficacy and safety of Donidalorsen in Hereditary Angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency: a systematic review and a meta analysis”. Archives of Dermatological Research. 317 (1): 110. doi:10.1007/s00403-024-03652-3. PMID 39666085.
External links
- Clinical trial number NCT05139810 for “OASIS-HAE: A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Donidalorsen (ISIS 721744 or IONIS-PKK-LRx) in Participants With Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)” at ClinicalTrials.gov
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Dawnzera |
| Other names | ISIS 721744, ISIS-721744 |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Dawnzera |
| License data | US DailyMed: Donidalorsen |
| Routes of administration | Subcutaneous |
| ATC code | None |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | US: ℞-only[1] |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 2304692-48-42304701-45-7 |
| DrugBank | DB18751DBSALT003520 |
| UNII | ZD4D8M32TLY30VEG5PH1 |
- [1]. Fijen LM, Riedl MA, Bordone L, et al. Inhibition of Prekallikrein for Hereditary Angioedema. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(11):1026-1033. [Content Brief][2]. Valerieva A, Longhurst HJ. Treatment of hereditary angioedema-single or multiple pathways to the rescue. Front Allergy. 2022;3:952233. [Content Brief]
//////////Donidalorsen, FDA 2025, APPROVALS 2025, Dawnzera, ISIS-721744 FREE ACID, ISIS 721744
DRUG APPROVALS BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
.....










