The latest set of opinions from advisors to the European Medicines Agency include recommendations to approve six new medicines, including Bristol-Myers Squibb’s new hepatitis C drug and Eli Lilly’s biosimilar of the Sanofi diabetes blockbuster Lantus.
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DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D ( ICT, Mumbai)
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BI launches COPD drug Striverdi, olodaterol in UK and Ireland
Olodaterol
BI-1744
BI-1744-CL (hydrochloride) marketed as drug
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma innovator
synthesis…..http://wendang.baidu.com/view/d4f95541e518964bcf847c22.html
Olodaterol (trade name Striverdi) is a long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used as an inhalation for treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), manufactured by Boehringer-Ingelheim.[1]
see……….https://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0029-1219649 ……… synfacts
Olodaterol is a potent agonist of the human β2-adrenoceptor with a high β1/β2 selectivity. Its crystalline hydrochloride salt is suitable for inhalation and is currently undergoing clinical trials in man for the treatment of asthma. Olodaterol has a duration of action that exceeds 24 hours in two preclinical animal models of bronchoprotection and it has a better safety margin compared with formoterol.
Olodaterol hydrochloride [USAN]
Bi 1744 cl
Bi-1744-cl
Olodaterol hydrochloride
Olodaterol hydrochloride [usan]
UNII-65R445W3V9
868049-49-4 [RN] FREE FORM
CAS 869477-96-3 HCL SALT
R ENANTIOMER
2H-1,4-Benzoxazin-3(4H)-one, 6-hydroxy-8-((1R)-1-hydroxy-2-((2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)ethyl)-, hydrochloride (1:1)
2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one, 6-hydroxy-8-((1R)-1-hydroxy-2-((2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)ethyl)-, hydrochloride (1:1)
6-Hydroxy-8-((1R)-1-hydroxy-2-((2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)ethyl)- 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one hydrochloride
clinical trialshttp://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=Olodaterol+OR+BI+1744
Boehringer Ingelheim has launched a new chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug, Striverdi in the UK and Ireland.
Striverdi (olodaterol) is the second molecule to be licenced for delivery via the company’s Respimat Soft Mist inhaler, following the COPD blockbuster Spiriva (tiotropium). The drug was approved in Europe in November based on results from a Phase III programme that included more than 3,000 patients with moderate to very severe disease.http://www.pharmatimes.com/Article/14-07-01/BI_launches_COPD_drug_Striverdi_in_UK_and_Ireland.aspx
Olodaterol hydrochloride is a drug candidate originated by Boehringer Ingelheim. The product, delivered once-daily by the Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler, was first launched in Denmark and the Netherlands in March 2014 for the use as maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. In 2013, approval was obtained in Russia and Canada for the same indication, and in the U.S, the product was recommended for approval. Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of COPD are ongoing in Japan.
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| 6-hydroxy-8-{(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]amino}ethyl}-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Striverdi |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | UK Drug Information |
| Pregnancy cat. | No experience |
| Legal status | POM (UK) |
| Routes | Inhalation |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 868049-49-4; 869477-96-3 (hydrochloride) |
| ATC code | R03AC19 |
| PubChem | CID 11504295 |
| ChemSpider | 9679097 |
| UNII | VD2YSN1AFD |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL605846 |
| Synonyms | BI 1744 CL |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C21H26N2O5 free form C21 H26 N2 O5 . Cl H; of hcl salt |
| Mol. mass | 386.44 g/mol free form; 422.902 as hyd salt |
Medical uses
Olodaterol is a once-daily maintenance bronchodilator treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with COPD including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema, and is administered in an inhaler called Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler.[2][3][4][5][6][7]
As of December 2013, olodaterol is not approved for the treatment of asthma. Olodaterol monotherapy was previously evaluated in four Phase 2 studies in asthma patients. However, currently there are no Phase 3 studies planned for olodaterol monotherapy in patients with asthma.
In late January 2013, Olodaterol CAS# 868049-49-4 was the focus of an FDA committee reviewing data for the drug’s approval as a once-daily maintenance bronchodilator to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The FDA Pulmonary-Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee recommended that the clinical data from the Boehringer Ingelheim Phase III studies be included in their NDA.
Also known as the trade name Striverdi Respimat, Olodaterol is efficacious as a long-acting beta-agonist, which patients self-administer via an easy to use metered dose inhaler. While early statistics from clinical trials of Olodaterol were encouraging, a new set of data was released earlier this week, which only further solidified the effectual and tolerable benefits of this COPD drug.
On September 10, 2013 results from two Phase 3 studies of Olodaterol revealed additional positive results from this formidable COPD treatment. The conclusion from these two 48 week studies, which included over 3,000 patients, showed sizable and significant improvements in the lung function of patients who were dosed with Olodaterol. Patients in the aforementioned studies were administered either a once a day dosage of Olodaterol via the appropriate metered-dose inhaler or “usual care”. The “usual care” included a variety of treatment options, such as inhaled corticosteroids (not Olodaterol), short and long acting anticholinergics, xanthines and beta agonists, which were short acting. The clinical trial participants who were dosed with Olodaterol displayed a rapid onset of action from this drug, oftentimes within the first five minutes after taking this medication. Additionally, patients dispensed the Olodaterol inhaler were successfully able to maintain optimum lung function for longer than a full 24 hour period. The participants who were given Olodaterol experienced such an obvious clinical improvement in their COPD symptoms, and it quickly became apparent that the “usual care” protocol was lacking in efficacy and reliability.
A staggering 24 million patients in the United States suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and this patient population is in need of an effectual, safe and tolerable solution. Olodaterol is shaping up to be that much needed solution. Not only have the results from studies of Olodaterol been encouraging, the studies themselves have actually been forward thinking and wellness centered. Boehringer Ingelheim is the first company to included studies to evaluate exercise tolerance in patients with COPD, and compare the data to those patients who were dosed with Olodaterol. By including exercise tolerance as an important benchmark in pertinent data for Olodaterol, Boehringer Ingelheim has created a standard for COPD treatment expectations. The impaired lung function for patients with COPD contributes greatly to their inability to exercise and stay healthy. Patients who find treatments and management techniques to combat the lung hyperinflation that develops during exercise have a distinct advantage to attaining overall good health.
– See more at: http://www.lgmpharma.com/blog/olodaterol-offers-encouraging-results-patients-copd/#sthash.DOjcrGxc.dpuf
Data has demonstrated that Striverdi, a once-daily long-acting beta2 agonist, significantly improved lung function versus placebo and is comparable to improvements shown with the older LABA formoterol. The NHS price for the drug is £26.35 for a 30-day supply.
Boehringer cited Richard Russell at Wexham Park Hospital as saying that the licensing of Stirverdi will be welcomed by clinicians as it provides another option. He added that the trial results showing improvements in lung function “are particularly impressive considering the study design, which allowed participants to continue their usual treatment regimen. This reflects more closely the real-world patient population”.
Significantly, the company is also developing olodaterol in combination with Spiriva, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist. LAMA/LABA combinations provide the convenience of delivering the two major bronchodilator classes.
Olodaterol is a novel, long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) that exerts its pharmacological effect by binding and activating beta2-adrenergic receptors located primarily in the lungs. Beta2-adrenergic receptors are membrane-bound receptors that are normally activated by endogenous epinephrine whose signalling, via a downstream L-type calcium channel interaction, mediates smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. Activation of the receptor stimulates an associated G protein which then activates adenylate cyclase, catalyzing the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA). Elevation of these two molecules induces bronchodilation by relaxation of airway smooth muscles. It is by this mechanism that olodaterol is used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the progressive airflow obstruction that is characteristic of it. Treatment with bronchodilators helps to mitigate associated symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, and sputum production. Single doses of olodaterol have been shown to improve forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) for 24 h in patients with COPD, allowing once daily dosing. A once-a-day treatment with a LABA has several advantages over short-acting bronchodilators and twice-daily LABAs including improved convenience and compliance and improved airflow over a 24-hour period. Despite similarities in symptoms, olodaterol is not indicated for the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD or for the treatment of asthma.Adverse effects
Adverse effects generally were rare and mild in clinical studies. Most common, but still affecting no more than 1% of patients, were nasopharyngitis (running nose), dizziness and rash. To judge from the drug’s mechanism of action and from experiences with related drugs, hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia (fast heartbeat), hypokalaemia (low blood levels of potassium), shaking, etc., might occur in some patients, but these effects have rarely, if at all, been observed in studies.[1]
Interactions
Based on theoretical considerations, co-application of other beta-adrenoceptor agonists, potassium lowering drugs (e. g. corticoids, many diuretics, and theophylline), tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors could increase the likelihood of adverse effects to occur. Beta blockers, a group of drugs for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and various conditions of the heart, could reduce the efficacy of olodaterol.[1] Clinical data on the relevance of such interactions are very limited.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of action
Like all beta-adrenoceptor agonists, olodaterol mimics the effect of epinephrine at beta-2 receptors (β₂-receptors) in the lung, which causes the bronchi to relax and reduces their resistance to airflow.[3]
Olodaterol is a nearly full β₂-agonist, having 88% intrinsic activity compared to the gold standard isoprenaline. Its half maximal effective concentration (EC50) is 0.1 nM. It has a higher in vitro selectivity for β₂-receptors than the related drugs formoterol and salmeterol: 241-fold versus β₁- and 2299-fold versus β₃-receptors.[2] The high β₂/β₁ selectivity may account for the apparent lack of tachycardia in clinical trials, which is mediated by β₁-receptors on the heart.
Pharmacokinetics
Once bound to a β₂-receptor, an olodaterol molecule stays there for hours – its dissociation half-life is 17.8 hours –, which allows for once-a-day application of the drug[3] like with indacaterol. Other related compounds generally have a shorter duration of action and have to be applied twice daily (e.g. formoterol, salmeterol). Still others (e. g. salbutamol, fenoterol) have to be applied three or four times a day for continuous action, which can also be an advantage for patients who need to apply β₂-agonists only occasionally, for example in an asthma attack.[8]
History
On 29 January 2013 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Pulmonary-Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee (PADAC) recommended that the clinical data included in the new drug application (NDA) for olodaterol provide substantial evidence of safety and efficacy to support the approval of olodaterol as a once-daily maintenance bronchodilator treatment for airflow obstruction in patients with COPD.[9]
On 18 October 2013 approval of olodaterol in the first three European countries – the United Kingdom, Denmark and Iceland – was announced by the manufacturer.[10]
Figure Chemical structures of salmeterol, formoterol, inda- caterol, and emerging once-daily long-acting β2-agonists
CLIP
Synthetic approaches to the 2013 new drugs – ScienceDirect
Synthesis of olodaterol hydrochloride (XVI).
Olodaterol hydrochloride was approved for long-term, once-daily maintenance treatment of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2013 in the following countries: Canada, Russia, United
Kingdom, Denmark, and Iceland.142, 143 The drug has been recommended by a federal advisory panel for
approval by the FDA.142, 143 Developed and marketed by Boehringer Ingelheim, olodaterol is a longacting
β2-adrenergic receptor agonist with high selectivity over the β1- and β3-receptors (219- and 1622-fold, respectively).144 Upon binding to and activating the β2-adrenergic receptor in the airway, olodaterol
stimulates adenyl cyclase to synthesize cAMP, leading to the relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the
airway. Administered by inhalation using the Respimat®
Soft Mist inhaler, it delivers significant
bronchodilator effects within five minutes of the first dose and provides sustained improvement in
forced expiratory volume (FEV1) for over 24 hours.143 While several routes have been reported in the
patent and published literature,144-146 the manufacturing route for olodaterol hydrochloride disclosed in
2011 is summarized in Scheme 19 below.147
Commercial 2’,5’-dihydroxyacetophenone (122) was treated with one equivalent of benzyl bromide
and potassium carbonate in methylisobutylketone (MIBK) to give the 5’-monobenzylated product in
76% yield. Subsequent nitration occurred at the 4’-position to provide nitrophenol 123 in 87% yield.
Reduction of the nitro group followed by subjection to chloroacetyl chloride resulted in the construction
of benzoxazine 124 in 82% yield. Next, monobromination through the use of tetrabutylammonium
tribromide occurred at the acetophenone carbon to provide bromoketone 125, and this was followed by
asymmetric reduction of the ketone employing (−)-DIP chloride to afford an intermediate bromohydrin,
which underwent conversion to the corresponding epoxide 126 in situ upon treatment with aqueous
NaOH. This epoxide was efficiently formed in 85% yield and 98.3% enantiomeric excess. Epoxide
126 underwent ring-opening upon subjection to amine 127 to provide amino-alcohol 128 in in 84-90%
yield and 89.5-99.5% enantiomeric purity following salt formation with HCl. Tertiary amine 127 was
itself prepared in three steps by reaction of ketone 129 with methylmagnesium chloride, Ritter reaction
of the tertiary alcohol with acetonitrile, and hydrolysis of the resultant acetamide with ethanolic
potassium hydroxide. Hydrogenative removal of the benzyl ether within 128 followed by
recrystallization with methanolic isopropanol furnished olodaterol hydrochloride (XVI) in 63-70%
yield. Overall, the synthesis of olodaterol hydrochloride required 10 total steps (7 linear) from
commercially available acetophenone 122.
142. Gibb, A.; Yang, L. P. H. Drugs 2013, 73, 1841.
143. http://www.boehringeringelheim.com/news/news_releases/press_releases/2013/18_october_2013_olodaterol.html.
144. Bouyssou, T.; Hoenke, C.; Rudolf, K.; Lustenberger, P.; Pestel, S.; Sieger, P.; Lotz, R.; Heine,
C.; Buettner, F. H.; Schnapp, A.; Konetzki, I. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20, 1410.
145. Trunk, M. J. F.; Schiewe, J. US Patent 20050255050A1, 2005.
146. Lustenberger, P.; Konetzki, I.; Sieger, P. US Patent 20090137578A1, 2009.
147. Krueger, T.; Ries, U.; Schnaubelt, J.; Rall, W.; Leuter, Z. A.; Duran, A.; Soyka, R. US Patent
20110124859A1, 2011.
PATENT
WO 2004045618 or
http://www.google.com/patents/EP1562603B1?cl=en
Example
a)
To a solution of 3.6 g 1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamine in 100 mL of ethanol at 70 ° C. 7.5 g of (6-benzyloxy-4H-benzo [1,4] oxazin-3-one )-glyoxal added and allowed to stir for 15 minutes. Then within 30 minutes at 10 to 20 ° C. 1 g of sodium borohydride added. It is stirred for one hour, with 10 mL of acetone and stirred for another 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 mL ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in 50 mL of methanol and 100 mL ethyl acetate and acidified with conc. Hydrochloric acid. After addition of 100 mL of diethyl ether, the product precipitates. The crystals are filtered, washed and recrystallized from 50 mL of ethanol. Yield: 7 g (68%; hydrochloride), mp = 232-234 ° C.
b)
6.8 g of the above obtained benzyl compound in 125 mL of methanol with the addition of 1 g of palladium on carbon (5%) was hydrogenated at room temperature and normal pressure. The catalyst is filtered and the filtrate was freed from solvent. Recrystallization of the residue in 50 mL of acetone and a little water, a solid is obtained, which is filtered and washed.
Yield: 5.0 g (89%; hydrochloride), mp = 155-160 ° C.
The (R) – and (S)-enantiomers of Example 3 can be obtained from the racemate, for example, by chiral HPLC (for example, column: Chirobiotic T, 250 x 1.22 mm from the company Astec). As the mobile phase, methanol with 0.05% triethylamine and 0.05% acetic acid. Silica gel with a grain size of 5 microns, to which is covalently bound the glycoprotein teicoplanin can reach as column material used. Retention time (R enantiomer) = 40.1 min, retention time (S-enantiomer) = 45.9 min. The two enantiomers can be obtained by this method in the form of free bases. According to the invention of paramount importance is the R enantiomer of Example 3
PATENT
WO 2005111005
http://www.google.fm/patents/WO2005111005A1?cl=en
Scheme 1.
Scheme 1:
Example 1 6-Hydroxy-8-{(1-hydroxy-2-r2-(4-methoxy-phenyl) – 1, 1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-ethyl)-4H-benzor 41oxazin-3-one – Hvdrochlorid
a) l-(5-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-ethanone
To a solution of 81.5 g (0.34 mol) l-(5-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone in 700 ml of acetic acid are added dropwise under cooling with ice bath, 18 mL of fuming nitric acid, the temperature does not exceed 20 ° C. increases. The reaction mixture is stirred for two hours at room temperature, poured onto ice water and filtered. The product is recrystallized from isopropanol, filtered off and washed with isopropanol and diisopropyl ether. Yield: 69.6 g (72%), mass spectroscopy [M + H] + = 288
b) l-(3-Amino-5-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone
69.5 g (242 mmol) of l-(5-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-ethanone are dissolved in 1.4 L of methanol and in the presence of 14 g of rhodium on carbon (10%) as catalyst at 3 bar room temperature and hydrogenated. Then the catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate concentrated. The residue is reacted further without additional purification. Yield: 60.0 g (96%), R f value = 0.45 (silica gel, dichloromethane).
c) 8-acetyl-6-benzyloxy-4H-benzoπ .4] oxazin-3-one
To 60.0 g (233 mmol) of l-(3-Amino-5-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone and 70.0 g (506 mmol) of potassium carbonate while cooling with ice bath, 21.0 ml (258 mmol) of chloroacetyl chloride added dropwise. Then stirred overnight at room temperature and then for 6 hours under reflux. The hot reaction mixture is filtered and then concentrated to about 400 mL and treated with ice water. The precipitate is filtered off, dried and purified by chromatography on a short silica gel column (dichloromethane: methanol = 99:1). The product-containing fractions are concentrated, suspended in isopropanol, diisopropyl ether, and extracted with
Diisopropyl ether. Yield: 34.6 g (50%), mass spectroscopy [M + H] + = 298
d) 6-Benzyloxy-8-(2-chloro-acetyl)-4H-benzoFl, 4] oxazin-3-one 13.8 g (46.0 mmol) of 8-benzyloxy-6-Acetyl-4H-benzo [l, 4] oxazin -3-one and 35.3 g (101.5 mmol) of benzyltrimethylammonium dichloriodat are stirred in 250 mL dichloroethane, 84 mL glacial acetic acid and 14 mL water for 5 hours at 65 ° C. After cooling to room temperature, treated with 5% aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite solution and stirred for 30 minutes. The precipitated solid is filtered off, washed with water and diethyl ether and dried. Yield: 13.2 g (86%), mass spectroscopy [M + H] + = 330/32.
e) 6-Benzyloxy-8-((R-2-chloro-l-hydroxy-ethyl)-4H-benzori ,41-oxazin-3-one The procedure is analogous to a procedure described in the literature (Org. Lett ., 2002, 4, 4373-4376).
To 13:15 g (39.6 mmol) of 6-benzyloxy-8-(2-chloro-acetyl)-4H-benzo [l, 4] oxazin-3-one and 25.5 mg (0:04 mmol) Cρ * RhCl [(S, S) -TsDPEN] (Cp * = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and TsDPEN = (lS, 2S)-Np-toluenesulfonyl-l ,2-diphenylethylenediamine) in 40 mL of dimethylformamide at -15 ° C and 8 mL of a mixture of formic acid and triethylamine (molar ratio = 5: 2) dropwise. It is allowed for 5 hours at this temperature, stirring, then 25 mg of catalyst and stirred overnight at -15 ° C. The reaction mixture is mixed with ice water and filtered. The filter residue is dissolved in dichloromethane, dried with sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated. The residue is recrystallized gel (dichloromethane / methanol gradient) and the product in diethyl ether / diisopropyl ether. Yield: 10.08 g (76%), R f value = 00:28 (on silica gel, dichloromethane ethanol = 50:1).
f) 6-Benzyloxy-8-(R-oxiranyl-4H-benzo [“L4] oxazin-3-one 6.10 g (30.1 mmol) of 6-benzyloxy-8-((R)-2-chloro-l-hydroxy- ethyl)-4H-benzo [l, 4] oxazin-3-one are dissolved in 200 mL of dimethylformamide. added to the solution at 0 ° C with 40 mL of a 2 molar sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at this temperature for 4 hours. the reaction mixture is poured onto ice water, stirred for 15 minutes, and then filtered The solid is washed with water and dried to give 8.60 g (96%), mass spectroscopy [M + H] + = 298..
g) 6-Benyloxy-8-{(R-l-hydroxy-2-r2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-dimethyl-ll-ethvIaminol-ethyl)-4H-benzo-3-Tl A1oxazin
5.25 g (17.7 mmol) of 6-benzyloxy-8-(R)-oxiranyl-4H-benzo [l, 4] oxazin-3-one and 6.30 g (35.1 mmol) of 2 – (4-methoxy-phenyl 1, 1 – dimethyl-ethyl to be with 21 mL
Of isopropanol and stirred at 135 ° C for 30 minutes under microwave irradiation in a sealed reaction vessel. The solvent is distilled off and the residue chromatographed (alumina, ethyl acetate / methanol gradient). The product thus obtained is purified by recrystallization from a mixture further Diethylether/Diisopropylether-. Yield: 5:33 g (63%), mass spectroscopy [M + H] + = 477 h) 6-Hydroxy-8-{(R)-l-hydroxy-2-[2 – (4-methoxy-phenyl)-l, l-dimethyl-ethylamino] – ethyl}-4H-benzo [1, 4, 1 oxazin-3-one hydrochloride
A suspension of 5:33 g (11.2 mmol) of 6-Benyloxy-8-{(R)-l-hydroxy-2-[2 – (4-methoxy-phenyl)-l, l-dimethyl-ethylamino]-ethyl}-4H -benzo [l, 4] oxazin-3-one in 120 mL of methanol with 0.8 g of palladium on carbon (10%), heated to 50 ° C and hydrogenated at 3 bar hydrogen pressure. Then the catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate concentrated. The residue is dissolved in 20 mL of isopropanol, and 2.5 mL of 5 molar hydrochloric acid in isopropanol. The product is precipitated with 200 mL of diethyl ether, filtered off and dried. Yield: 4.50 g (95%, hydrochloride), mass spectroscopy [M + H] + = 387
PATENT
WO 2007020227
http://www.google.com.ar/patents/WO2007020227A1?cl=en
PATENT
WO 2008090193
or
http://www.google.com/patents/EP2125759B1?cl=en
PAPER
Discovery of olodaterol, a novel inhaled beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist with a 24h bronchodilatory efficacy
Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010, 20(4): 1410
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X09018101
The discovery of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist (R)-4p designated olodaterol is described. The preclinical profile of the compound suggests a bronchoprotective effect over 24 h in humans.
CLIP
Australia
http://www.tga.gov.au/pdf/auspar/auspar-olodaterol-140327-pi.pdf
CLIP
DUTCH
http://mri.medagencies.org/download/NL_H_2498_001_PAR.pdf
FDA
Click to access 203108Orig1s000ChemR.pdf
NDA 203108
Striverdi® Respimat® (olodaterol) Inhalation Spray
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
References
- Striverdi UK Drug Information
- Bouyssou, T.; Casarosa, P.; Naline, E.; Pestel, S.; Konetzki, I.; Devillier, P.; Schnapp, A. (2010). “Pharmacological Characterization of Olodaterol, a Novel Inhaled 2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Exerting a 24-Hour-Long Duration of Action in Preclinical Models”. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 334 (1): 53–62. doi:10.1124/jpet.110.167007. PMID 20371707.
- Casarosa, P.; Kollak, I.; Kiechle, T.; Ostermann, A.; Schnapp, A.; Kiesling, R.; Pieper, M.; Sieger, P.; Gantner, F. (2011). “Functional and Biochemical Rationales for the 24-Hour-Long Duration of Action of Olodaterol”. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 337 (3): 600–609. doi:10.1124/jpet.111.179259. PMID 21357659.
- Bouyssou, T.; Hoenke, C.; Rudolf, K.; Lustenberger, P.; Pestel, S.; Sieger, P.; Lotz, R.; Heine, C.; Büttner, F. H.; Schnapp, A.; Konetzki, I. (2010). “Discovery of olodaterol, a novel inhaled β2-adrenoceptor agonist with a 24h bronchodilatory efficacy”. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 (4): 1410–1414. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.087. PMID 20096576.
- Joos G, Aumann JL, Coeck C, et al. ATS 2012 Abstract: Comparison of 24-Hour FEV1 Profile for Once-Daily versus Twice-Daily Treatment with Olodaterol, A Novel Long-Acting ß2-Agonist, in Patients with COPD[dead link]
- Van Noord, J. A.; Smeets, J. J.; Drenth, B. M.; Rascher, J.; Pivovarova, A.; Hamilton, A. L.; Cornelissen, P. J. G. (2011). “24-hour Bronchodilation following a single dose of the novel β2-agonist olodaterol in COPD”. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 24 (6): 666–672. doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2011.07.006. PMID 21839850.
- van Noord JA, Korducki L, Hamilton AL and Koker P. Four Weeks Once Daily Treatment with BI 1744 CL, a Novel Long-Acting ß2-Agonist, is Effective in COPD Patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009; 179: A6183[dead link]
- Haberfeld, H, ed. (2009). Austria-Codex (in German) (2009/2010 ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. ISBN 3-85200-196-X.
- Hollis A (31 January 2013). “Panel Overwhelmingly Supports Boehringer COPD Drug Striverdi”. FDA News/Drug Industry Daily.
- “New once-daily Striverdi (olodaterol) Respimat gains approval in first EU countries”. Boehringer-Ingelheim. 18 October 2013.
External links
The active moiety olodaterol is a selective beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator. The drug substance, olodaterol hydrochloride, is chemically described as 2H-1,4- Benzoxazin-3H(4H)-one, 6-hydroxy-8-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-amino]ethyl]-, monohydrochloride. Olodaterol hydrochloride is a white to off-white powder that is sparingly-slightly soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. The molecular weight is 422.9 g/mole (salt): 386.5 g/mole (base), and the molecular formula is C21H26N2O5 x HCl as a hydrochloride. The conversion factor from salt to free base is 1.094.
The structural formula is:
 |
The drug product, STRIVERDI RESPIMAT, is composed of a sterile, aqueous solution of olodaterol hydrochloride filled into a 4.5 mL plastic container crimped into an aluminum cylinder (STRIVERDI RESPIMAT cartridge) for use with the STRIVERDI RESPIMAT inhaler.
Excipients include water for injection, benzalkonium chloride, edetate disodium, and anhydrous citric acid. The STRIVERDI RESPIMAT cartridge is only intended for use with the STRIVERDI RESPIMAT inhaler. The STRIVERDI RESPIMAT inhaler is a hand held, pocket sized oral inhalation device that uses mechanical energy to generate a slow-moving aerosol cloud of medication from a metered volume of the drug solution. The STRIVERDI RESPIMAT inhaler has a yellow-colored cap.
When used with the STRIVERDI RESPIMAT inhaler, each cartridge containing a minimum of 4 grams of a sterile aqueous solution delivers the labeled number of metered actuations after preparation for use. Each dose (1 dose equals 2 actuations) from the STRIVERDI RESPIMAT inhaler delivers 5 mcg olodaterol in 22.1 mcL of solution from the mouthpiece. As with all inhaled drugs, the actual amount of drug delivered to the lung may depend on patient factors, such as the coordination between the actuation of the inhaler and inspiration through the delivery system. The duration of inspiration should be at least as long as the spray duration (1.5 seconds).
| WO2002030928A1 | 28 Sep 2001 | 11 Apr 2003 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma | Crystalline monohydrate, method for producing the same and the use thereof in the production of a medicament |
| WO2003000265A1 | 8 Jun 2002 | 3 Jan 2003 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma | Crystalline anticholinergic, method for its production, and use thereof in the production of a drug |
| WO2004045618A2 * | 11 Nov 2003 | 3 Jun 2004 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma | Novel medicaments for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases |
| EP0073505A1 * | 28 Aug 1982 | 9 Mar 1983 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Benzo-heterocycles |
| EP0321864A2 * | 15 Dec 1988 | 28 Jun 1989 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Ammonium compounds, their preparation and use |
| US4460581 | 12 Oct 1982 | 17 Jul 1984 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Antispasmodic agents, antiallergens |
| US4656168 * | 13 Oct 1983 | 7 Apr 1987 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Vision defects; adrenergic blocking and hypotensive agents |
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BMS 587101…….The LFA-1 receptor antagonist in preclinical for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
- C26H20Cl2N4O4S
- mass: 555.432373 Da
read poster
http://www.cerep.fr/cerep/users/pages/news/Publications/123.pdf
BMS-587101 acts as a leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) receptor antagonist. Ref: Synfacts. 2010; 8, 0865-0865.
5-[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-ylmethyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic Acid
3-Thiophenecarboxylic acid, 5-[[(5S,9R)-9-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-yl]methyl]- [ACD/Index Name]
5-{[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-yl]methyl}-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
5-{[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanphenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorphenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-yl]methyl}-3-thiophencarbonsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Acide 5-{[(5S,9R)-9-(4-cyanophényl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophényl)-1-méthyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-yl]méthyl}-3-thiophènecarboxylique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2IC
BMS-587101
BMS-688521
data
MS (ESI)m/z553 (M-H)-;
1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ
8.17 (1 H, s), 7.62 (2 H, d,J=8.07 Hz), 7.44 (1 H, s), 7.27 (3 H, m), 6.64 (2 H, s),
4.11 (1 H, d,J=13.45 Hz), 3.96 (1 H, d,J=14.12 Hz), 3.88 (1 H, dd,J=11.76, 5.71 Hz), 3.43 (2 H, br. s.),
3.27 (1 H, br. s.), 3.23 (3 H, s), 3.06 (1 H, d,J=10.08 Hz);
Anal.(C26H20Cl2N4O4S)Calcd.: C,56.22; H,3.63;Cl, 12.77; N,10.09; S,5.77;.
Found: C,55.95; H,3.59;Cl, 12.54; N,10.01; S,5.79;
ee =99.26±0.00 % [Chiralcel OJ-R, 150 x 4.6 mm, 5 um particle size, MeOH: CH3CN: 0.2% aq.H3PO4 (30:30:40)];
[α]D=-6.324 (c = 8.967 mg/mL, CHCl3);
Interaction between leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), expressed on the surface of cytokine-stimulated cells, and intercellular adhesion molecule (I-CAM), found on the surface of both leukocytes and endothelium, plays a key function in the intercellular immune response, causing T-cell adhesion and subsequent migration through the blood vessel wall to the inflamed area.(1)
Small molecules which inhibit the LFA-1/I-CAM interaction are targeted as potential drugs for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.(2, 3) The LFA-1 receptor antagonist, BMS-587101, 1,(4, 5) was selected for clinical development, and we required a synthesis that would reliably generate kilogram quantities of API. This paper details the identification and development of a synthesis which enabled the realization of this goal.
BMS-587101 inhibits the interaction between leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), thereby offering a potential treatment for various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. A four-step multikilogram route to BMS-587101 (22% overall yield ) from the commercial hydantoin B features an efficient dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide generated by reaction of glycine with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA).
………….
paper
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op9003168
Org. Process Res. Dev., 2010, 14 (3), pp 553–561
DOI: 10.1021/op9003168
The process development and the kilogram-scale synthesis of BMS-587101 (1) are described. The synthesis features a [3 + 2] azomethine ylide cycloaddition to efficiently build the spirocyclic core in a diastereoselective fashion followed by a classical resolution which affords the desired enantiomer in >98% enantiomeric excess. The target was prepared in four steps in an overall yield of 22%.
Preparation of 5-[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-ylmethyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic Acid (1) Directly from 6
To a solution of 6 (46.9 kg, 77.6 mol) and 1,2-propanediol (11.8 kg) in tetrahydrofuran (41.7 kg) and water (266.8 kg) was added cold (0−10 °C) potassium hydroxide solution (1 N, 244.5 kg) at 8−12 °C in 0.5 h. The resulting biphasic mixture was stirred at 8−12 °C for 18−24 h until the reaction was complete (<1% 6 remaining as monitored by HPLC). The reaction mixture was washed with n-heptane (385.7 kg). The pH was adjusted to 7.5 with addition of 1.5 M citric acid (22.9 kg). Isopropyl acetate (817.8 kg) was charged, and 1.5 M citric acid(aq) (
22.9 kg) was added until a pH of 6.5 was attained. After agitating for 15 min and holding for 30 min, the aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed with H2O (470 kg). The solution was then polish filtered, and isopropylacetate (52.2 kg) was used to rinse the polish filter assembly. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (240 Torr) to a volume of 718 L at <45 °C. Seeds (500 g) were charged, and the distillation was continued until a volume of 207 L was attained. Heptane (117.8 kg) was charged, the slurry was cooled to 20 °C over 1.5 h and was subsequently wet milled until d90 < 60 μm. The slurry was held for >2 h and filtered. The cake was washed with a 1:1 isopropyl acetate/heptane solution (109.7 kg) isopropyl acetate and dried in vacuum at 35−40 °C to a constant weight. Acid 1 (39.6 kg, 91.5% yield and 99.33 HPLC area % purity) was obtained as a white and sandy crystalline solid.
22.9 kg) was added until a pH of 6.5 was attained. After agitating for 15 min and holding for 30 min, the aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed with H2O (470 kg). The solution was then polish filtered, and isopropylacetate (52.2 kg) was used to rinse the polish filter assembly. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (240 Torr) to a volume of 718 L at <45 °C. Seeds (500 g) were charged, and the distillation was continued until a volume of 207 L was attained. Heptane (117.8 kg) was charged, the slurry was cooled to 20 °C over 1.5 h and was subsequently wet milled until d90 < 60 μm. The slurry was held for >2 h and filtered. The cake was washed with a 1:1 isopropyl acetate/heptane solution (109.7 kg) isopropyl acetate and dried in vacuum at 35−40 °C to a constant weight. Acid 1 (39.6 kg, 91.5% yield and 99.33 HPLC area % purity) was obtained as a white and sandy crystalline solid.
…………………………
U.S. Patent 7,381,737 B2
http://www.google.com/patents/US7381737
IIIn:
Also provided are crystalline forms of solvates and salts of the substituted spiro-hydantoin compound (IIIn).
5-[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-ylmethyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid.
EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate embodiments of the inventive process, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. For ease of reference, the following abbreviations are used herein:
ABBREVIATIONS
- DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTTA=(+)-Di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid
Preparation 13-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
Triethylamine (0.78 kg, 7.75 mol) was added in 15-30 minutes with stirring to a thin suspension of sarcosine ethylene hydrochloride (1.00 kg, 6.51 mol) in dichloromethane (6.00 L). After stirring at room temperature for 1.5-2.0 hours, the mixture was filtered to remove the resulting triethylamine hydrochloride salt. The salt cake was washed with dichloromethane (2.00 L). The filtrate was cooled to 0-5° C.
A solution of 3,5-dichlorophenyl isocyanate (1.47 kg, 7.81 mol) in dichloromethane was prepared at 20-25° C. The solution was added to the above cooled filtrate slowly in 30-60 minutes. The temperature was maintained below 10° C. during the addition. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at 20-25° C. for 12-14 hours. The completeness of the reaction was followed by HPLC. Upon reaction completion, TBME (16.00 L) was added in one portion. The resulting suspension was stirred at 20-25° C. for 2-3 hours and was then filtered. The filter cake was washed with TBME (4.50 L) and dried at maximum 40° C. to a constant weight. A suspension of the above filter cake in water (17.0 L, 10 L/kg input) was prepared and stirred at 20-25° C. for at least 16 hours. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with water (3×1.36 L) and dried at maximum 40° C. to a constant weight to a constant weight. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (1.52 kg, 90%) was obtained as a white crystalline solid. mp=202-204° C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): 7.66 (1H, m), 7.51 (2H, m), 4.10 (2H, s), 3.35 (3H, s). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6): 8 Carbons (169.30, 155.00, 134.98, 134.15, 127.59, 125.30, 51.75, 29.79). Anal. Calcd for C10H8Cl2N2O2: C, 46.35; H, 3.11; N, 10.81; Cl, 27.36. Found: C, 46.43; H, 2.9; N, 10.73; Cl, 27.33.
Preparation 2(E)-4-((1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl)benzonitrile
A mixture of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (1.00 kg, 3.86 mol), 4-cyanobenzaldehyde (0.70 kg, 5.79 mol) and pyrrolidone (0.27 kg, 3.86 mmol) was refluxed in EtOH (13.00 L) for 20-24 hours at a temperature of 78° C. The completeness of the reaction was followed by HPLC. Upon reaction completion, the suspension was cooled to 65° C. and THF (4.33 L) was added in 5-10 minutes. The suspension was cooled to 20-25° C. in 3-4 hours and was then filtered. The filter cake was washed with EtOH (4×2.00 L) and dried at maximum 40° C. to a constant weight. (E)-4-((1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl)benzonitrile (1.24 kg, 86%) was obtained as a fluffy, yellowish crystalline solid. mp=239-241° C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): 8.07 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.86 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.72 (1H, m), 7.59 (2H, m), 6.72 (1H, s), 3.35 (3H, s). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6): 14 Carbons (159.80, 151.48, 137.64, 133.83, 133.70, 131.80, 130.80, 130.68, 127.71, 125.51, 118.83, 114.48, 110.32, 26.72). Anal. Calcd for C18H11Cl2N3O2: C, 58.08; H, 2.97; N, 11.29; Cl, 19.05. Found: C, 58.14; H, 2.72; N, 11.14; Cl, 19.15.
Example 14-[(5S*,9R*)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile hydrochloride salt
A mixture of (E)-4-((1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl)benzonitrile (1.00 kg, 2.69 mol), glycine (0.50 kg, 6.72 mol) and hexamethylenetetramine (0.28 kg, 2.02 mol) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (5.00 L) and toluene (2.50 L) was heated at 140° C. for 7-8 hours. The completeness of the reaction was followed by HPLC. Upon reaction completion, the mixture was cooled to 40-50° C. and filtered. The filtered solid was washed with toluene (0.67 L). To the filtrate was added HCl (1M, 13.33 L, 13.33 mol). The resulting biphasic mixture was heated to 50-60° C. and was stirred for 10-15 minutes. The aqueous phase was separated and the organic phase was washed with HCl (1M, 1.67 L, 1.67 mol) at 60-80° C. The aqueous phases were combined and were stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. The solution was cooled slowly in 3-4 hours to 20-25° C. with gentle stirring and seeding. Crystallization occurred and the resulting suspension was put aside at 20-25° C. for at least 16 hours with occasional stirring, cooled to 0-5° C. in 2 hours, stirred gently at 0-5° C. for 2 hours and then filtered. The filter cake was washed with ice water (2×2.50 L) and dried at maximum 40° C. to a constant weight. 4-[(5S*,9R*)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile hydrochloride salt (1.09 kg, 90%) was obtained as beige crystalline solid. mp=183-185° C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): 7.87(2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.61 (1H, m), 7.40 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.68 (2H, m), 4.17 (1H, m), 3.85 (2H, m), 3.76 (2H, m), 3.43 (3H, s), 3.24(2H, s). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6): 14 Carbons (170.84, 152.92, 137.35, 133.94, 132.87, 132.35, 128.01, 124.50, 118.12, 111.30, 71.42, 46.57, 45.11, 25.51). Anal. Calcd for C20H17Cl3N4O2+1.3 H2O: C, 50.51; H, 3.91; N, 11.79; Cl, 22.39. Found: C, 50.56; H, 3.86; N, 11.58; Cl, 21.98; KF, 5.12.
Example 2a4-[(5S,9R)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile semi (+)-DTTA salt
To a suspension of 4-[(5S*,9R*)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile hydrochloric acid salt (1.00 kg, 2.21 mol) in dichloromethane (10.67 L) was added diispopropylethylamine (0.29 kg, 2.21 mol). The mixture was stirred to a clear solution, to which (+)-Di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid (0.21 kg, 0.55 mol) was added. The resulting solution was warmed to 34-36° C. and seeded immediately. It was cooled to 20-25° C. in 1.5-2.0 hours. Crystallization occurred during cooling. TBME (2.75 L) was added in 0.5 hours. The suspension was stirred at 20-25° C. for 16 hours and then filtered. The filter cake was washed with dichloromethane/TBME (2/1, 1.00 L), TBME (1 L) and dried at maximum 35° C. to a constant weight. 4-[(5S,9R)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile semi (+)-DTTA salt (0.47 kg, 35%) was obtained as a white crystalline solid. mp=175-177° C. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): 7.86 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.81 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.61 (1H, m), 7.28 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.22 (2H, 8.5 Hz), 6.68 (2H, m), 5.71 (1H, s), 3.81(1H, m), 3.50 (4H, m), 3.06 (3H, s), 2.34 (3H, s). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6): 24 Carbons (171.45, 169.40, 165.04, 152.88, 143.61, 138.99, 133.88, 133.08, 132.16, 129.26, 129.20, 128.76, 127.84, 126.99, 124.51, 118.25, 110.78, 72.81, 73.38, 48.15, 47.51, 46.30, 24.90, 21.14). Anal. Calcd for C30H25Cl2N4O6+0.5 H2O: C, 58.40; H, 4.17; N, 9.08; Cl, 11.49. Found C, 58.58; H, 4.06; N, 8.94; Cl, 11.38; KF, 1.59.
Example 2b4-[(5S,9R)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile semi (+)-DTTA salt
A mixture of (E)-4-((1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl)benzonitrile (10.0 g, 26.9 mmol), glycine (5.06 g, 67.4 mmol), hexamethylenetetramine (2.82 g, 20.1 mmol) in 50 mL N-methylpyrrolidinone and 25 mL of toluene under nitrogen was heated to 138° C. for approximately 12 h. Next, 25 mL toluene and 25 mL H2O were added. The aqueous and nonaqueous layers were split, and the aqueous layer was washed with 25 mL of toluene, and the nonaqueous layers were combined to form a nonaqueous mixture. The nonaqueous mixture was heated to 45-50° C. and ethylene diamine (7.0 mL) was added. The nonaqueous mixture was stirred for 3 hours and then cooled to room temperature. Next, 50 mL H2O was added, followed by the addition of 10 mL brine. The next addition was 25 mL toluene, which was followed by the addition of 125 mL CH2Cl2. The bottom layer of the mixture was removed through a filter. Next, (+)-Di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid (2.59 g, 6.7 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 18 h to form a slurry. Slowly 40 mL of MTBE was added to the slurry. A wash solution containing 7 mL of MTBE and 11 mL of CH2Cl2 was prepared. Filter paper was wetted with 1 mL of the wash solution. The slurry was filtered and then the filtered to form a cake. The filter, the wash reaction flask, and the cake were washed with the remaining 16 mL of the wash solution. Next, the cake was washed with 10 mL MTBE. 4-[(5S, 9R)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile semi (+)-DTTA salt (4.0 g, 20% yield) was obtained as a white solid (98.7% HPLC AP and 98.3% ee).
Example 2c4-[(5S,9R)-3-3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4,4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile semi (+)-DTTA salt
A mixture of (E)-4-((1-(3,5)-dichlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl)benzonitrile (40.0 g, 107.5 mmol), glycine (19.76 g, 263.2 mmol), hexamethylenetetramine (9.07 g, 64.7 mmol) in 200 mL N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 100 mL of toluene was heated under nitrogen to 143° C. for approximately 5.5 h. Next, the mixture was cooled to 50° C. and a solution of 25 mL of ethylenediamine in 200 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added. The mixture was maintained at a temperature of 50° C. for 30 minutes and then was cooled to room temperature. Next, 520 mL of 20 wt % NaCl aqueous solution was added. The aqueous and nonaqueous layers were separated. The nonaqueous layer was transferred to a vacuum distillation apparatus and solvent was distilled off until the temperature of the residue in the flask reached 58° C. at a pressure of 60 torr. Next, 360 mL of methylene chloride was added, followed by the additions of 20 mL of methanol and 2 mL of water. The next addition was (+)-Di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid (10.38 g, 26.9 mmol), followed by 120 mL of methylene chloride and 0.200 g of seeds of 4-[(5S,9R)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4,4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile semi (+)-DTTA salt. A-slurry was formed and was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The slurry was filtered and the cake of crystals was washed with 200 mL of methylene chloride in two portions. The washed cake was then dried at 50° C. under vacuum for 24 hours. A total amount of 20.11 g (yield 31%) of 4-[(5S,9R)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4,4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile semi (+)-DTTA salt, which was of greater than 99.5% area percent purity, 98.4% potency and 99.2% ee was obtained after drying.
Example 35-[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-ylmethyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride salt
To a suspension of 4-[(5S,9R)-3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-9-yl]-benzonitrile semi (+)-DTTA salt (7.50 kg, 12.30 mmol) and methyl 5-formylthiophene-3-carboxylate (2.2 kg, 13.10 mol) was added triethylamine (2.08 kg, 20.60 mol) at 20-25° C. The mixture was stirred to a clear solution, to which acetic acid (1.24 kg, 20.60 mol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 20-25° C. for 1 hour and then cooled to 15° C. Solid sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.31 kg, 6.17 mol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours. The addition of sodium triacetoxyborohydride was repeated three more times. At the end, a total of 5.22 kg (24.7 mol) sodium triacetoxyborohydride was added in 2 hours. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20-25° C. for 16 hours. The completeness of the reaction was followed by HPLC. Upon reaction completion, TBME (48.1 L) was added to the resulting jelly reaction mixture. The mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (60.0 L×3). The combined aqueous phase was extracted with TBME (48.1 L). All organic layers were combined, washed with brine (48.1 L) and concentrated in vacuum to a volume of 10.6 L. Isopropanol (192.3 L) was added to the residue and the resulting oil precipitates were dissolved upon warming up to 70-75° C. The solvent volume was reduced to 160.0 L by distillation at 70-75° C. Concentrated HCl (1.5 L) was added at 75° C. in 10 minutes followed by the addition of seed crystals. Crystallization occurred upon cooling to 20-25° C. in 16 hours. The mixture was filtered. The cake was washed with isopropanol (9.6 L×2) and dried at maximum 40° C. to a constant weight. 5-[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-ylmethyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride salt (6.57 kg, 88.0%) was obtained as white crystalline solid. mp=204-207° C. 1H NMR (CDCl3): 14.22 (1H, b), 8.18 (1H, d, J=0.9 Hz), 7.86 (1H, m), 7.67 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.24 (1H, m), 7.23 (2H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.67 (2H, m), 4.76 (2H, m), 4.46 (1H, m), 4.16 (1H, m), 4.02 (2H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 3.75 (1H, m), 3.38 (3H, s). 13C NMR (CDCl3): 18 Carbons (171.24, 162.32, 152.98, 136.05, 135.27, 134.03, 132.83, 131.94, 130.46, 128.85, 128.56, 123.92, 117.52, 113.43, 71.13, 52.43, 52.22, 46.73). Anal. Calcd for C27H23Cl3N4O4S: C, 53.52; H, 3.83; N, 9.25; S, 5.29; Cl, 17.55. Found: C, 53.07; H, 3.69; N, 9.08; S, 5.23; Cl, 17.20.
Example 45-[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-ylmethyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid
To a solution of 5-[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-ylmethyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride salt (20.00 g, 33.00 mmol) and 1,2-propanediol (5.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) and water (100 mL) was added slowly potassium hydroxide solution (0.85M, 116 mL) at 8-12° C. in 0.5 hours. The resulting biphasic mixture was stirred at 8-12° C. for 20-27 hours until the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was washed with n-heptane (200 mL). The pH was adjusted to 6.5 with addition of water (100 mL) and acetic acid (2.5 mL). Tetrahydrofuran was removed under reduced pressure at internal temperature <40° C. The pH was adjusted to 4.5 with addition of isopropyl acetate (400 mL) and acetic acid (11 mL). After 10 minutes of stirring, the aqueous layer was separated and was extracted with isopropylacetate (200 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with water (100 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of 190 mL at bath temperature <40° C. Crystallization occurred during concentration. The crystal slurry was stirred at 20-25° C. for 16 hours and was then filtered. The cake was washed with cold isopropylacetate (15 mL×3) and dried in vacuum at 35-40° C. to a constant weight.
5-[(5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non-7-ylmethyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid (14.35 g, 78.3%) was obtained as white and sandy crystalline solid.
mp=209-230° C. 1H NMR (Acetone-d6): 8.19 (1H, d, J=1.3 Hz), 7.76 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.49 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J=1.0 Hz), 7.41 (1H, t, J=1.9 Hz), 6.87 (2H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 4.16 (1H, dd, J1=13.9 Hz J2=0.8 Hz), 4.10 (1H, dd, J1=11.7 Hz, J2=6.2 Hz), 3.99 (1H, d, J=14.0 Hz), 3.48(1H, d, J=10.6 Hz), 3.47 (1H, dd, J1=9.6 Hz, J2=6.2 Hz), 3.25 (3H, s), 3.24 (1H, dd, J1=9.6 Hz, J2=11.7 Hz), 3.01 (1H, d, J=11.3 Hz).
13C NMR (Acetone-d6): 22 Carbons (172.69, 163.7, 153.98, 144.55, 142.23, 135.26, 135.09, 134.41, 133.89, 132.96, 130.33, 128.27, 126.98, 125.18, 119.07, 112.44, 74.28, 59.09, 56.45, 54.33, 50.73, 25.75).
Anal. Calcd for C26H20Cl2N4O4S: C, 56.22; H, 3.62; N, 10.08; S, 5.77; Cl, 12.76. Found: C, 56.27; H, 3.20; N, 9.97; S, 5.65; Cl, 12.68.
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paper
J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 6946
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm0610806
LFA-1 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1), is a member of the β2-integrin family and is expressed on all leukocytes. This letter describes the discovery and preliminary SAR of spirocyclic hydantoin based LFA-1 antagonists that culminated in the identification of analog 8 as a clinical candidate. We also report the first example of the efficacy of a small molecule LFA-1 antagonist in combination with CTLA-4Ig in an animal model of transplant rejection.
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm0610806/suppl_file/jm0610806si20060913_101747.pdf synthesis as compd 8
says
a white solid: Anal.RP-HPLCtR= 3.09min (method D, purity 99%);
MS (ESI)m/z553 (M-H)-;
1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ
8.17 (1 H, s), 7.62 (2 H, d,J=8.07 Hz), 7.44 (1 H, s), 7.27 (3 H, m), 6.64 (2 H, s),
4.11 (1 H, d,J=13.45 Hz), 3.96 (1 H, d,J=14.12 Hz), 3.88 (1 H, dd,J=11.76, 5.71 Hz), 3.43 (2 H, br. s.),
3.27 (1 H, br. s.), 3.23 (3 H, s), 3.06 (1 H, d,J=10.08 Hz);
Anal.(C26H20Cl2N4O4S)
Calcd.: C,56.22; H,3.63;Cl, 12.77; N,10.09; S,5.77;.
Found: C,55.95; H,3.59;Cl, 12.54; N,10.01; S,5.79;
ee =99.26±0.00 % [Chiralcel OJ-R, 150 x 4.6 mm, 5 um particle size, MeOH: CH3CN: 0.2% aq.H3PO4 (30:30:40)];
[α]D=-6.324 (c = 8.967 mg/mL, CHCl3);
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U.S. Patent 7,199,125 B2
http://www.google.com/patents/US7199125
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.U.S. Patent 6,710,064 B2
http://www.google.com/patents/US6710064
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REFERENCES
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For a discussion on the inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1as an approach to treating autoimmune diseases see:
Yusuf-Makagiansar, H.; Anderson, M. E.; Yakovleva, T. V.; Murray, J. S.; Siahaan, T. J. Medicinal Research Reviews 2002, 22, 146 -
2.
For a discussion of therapeutic options for treatment of psoriasis, see:
Gottlieb, A. B. J. Acad. Dermatol 2005, 53, S3Larson, R. S.; Davis, T.; Bologa, C.; Semenuk, G.; Vijayan, S.; Li, Y.; Oprea, T.; Chigaev, A.; Buranda, T.; Wagner, C. R.; Sklar, L. A. -
3.
For other small molecule LFA-1/ICAM-1 antagonists as potential drugs please see:
(a) Pei, Z.; Xin, Z.; Liu, G.; Li, Y.; Reilly, E. B.; Lubbers, N. L.; Huth, J. R.; Link, J. T.; von Geldern, T. W.; Cox, B. F.; Leitza, S.; Gao, Y.; Marsh, K. C.; DeVries, P.; Okasinski, G. F. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 2913(b) Liu, G.; Huth, J. R.; Olejniczak, E. T.; Mendoza, R.; DeVries, P.; Leitza, S.; Reilly, E. B.; Olasinski, G. F.; Fesik, S. W.; von Geldern, T. W. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 1202(c) Wu, J.-P.; Emeigh, J.; Gao, D. A.; Goldberg, D. R.; Kuzmich, D.; Miao, C.; Potocki, I.; Qian, K. C.; Sorcek, R. J.; Jeanfavre, D. D.; Kishimoto, K.; Mainolfi, E. A.; Nabozny, G.; Peng, C.; Reilly, P.; Rothlein, R.; Sellati, R. H.; Woska, J. R.; Chen, S.; Gunn, J. A.; O’Brien, D.; Norris, S. H.; Kelly, T. A. J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 5356(d) Last-Barney, K.; Davidson, W.; Cardozo, M.; Frye, L. L.; Grygon, C. a.; Hopkins, J. L.; Jeanfavre, D. D.; Pav, S.; Qian, C.; Stevenson, J. M.; Tong, L.; Zindell, R.; Kelly, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5643(e) Wang, G. T.; Wang, S.; Gentles, R.; Sowin, T.; Leitza, S.; Reilly, E. B.; von Geldern, T. W. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2005, 15, 195(f) Wattanasin, S.; Albert, R.; Ehrhardt, C.; Roche, D.; Savio, M.; Hommel, U.; Welzenbach, K.; Weitz-Schmidt, G. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2003, 12, 499 -
4.
The Discovery work towards this target compound BMS-587101 is described in:
Potin, D.; Launay, M.; Monatlik, F.; Malabre, P.; Fabreguettes, M.; Fouquet, A.; Maillet, M.; Nicolai, E.; Dorgeret, L.; Chevallier, F.; Besse, D.; Dufort, M.; Caussade, F.; Ahmad, S. Z.; Stetsko, D. K.; Skala, S.; Davis, P. M.; Balimane, P.; Patel, K.; Yang, Z.; Marathe, P.; Postelneck, J.; Townsend, R. M.; Goldfarb, V.; Sheriff, S.; Einspahr, H.; Kish, K.; Malley, M. F.; DiMarco, J. D.; Gougoutas, J. Z.; Kadiyala, P.; Cheney, D. L.; Tejwani, R. W.; Murphy, D. K.; Mcintyre, K. W.; Yang, X.; Chao, S.; Leith, L.; Xiao, Z.; Mathur, A.; Chen, B.-C.; Wu, D.-R.; Traeger, S. C.; McKinnon, M.; Barrish, J. C.; Robl, J. A.; Iwanowicz, E. J.; Suchard, S. J.; Dhar, M. T. G. J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 6946 -
5.
For additional information related to this compound see:
(a) Chen, B.-C.; DelMonte, A. J.; Dhar, T. G. M.; Fan, Y.; Gougoutas, J. Z.; Malley, M. F.; McLeod, D. D.; Waltermire, R.; Wei, C. Crystalline Forms and Process for Preparing Spiro-Hydantoin Compounds. (Bristol-Myers Squibb). U.S. Patent 7,381,737 B2 .(b) Dhar, T. G. M.; Potin, D.; Maillet, M.; Launay, M.; Nicolai, E.; Iwanowicz, E. Spiro-cyclic compounds useful as anti-inflammatory agents. Bristol-Myers Squibb and Cerep). U.S. Patent 7,199,125 B2.(c) Launay, M.; Potin, D.; Maillet, M.; Nicolai, E.; Dhar, T. G. M.; Iwanowicz, E. Hydantoin compounds useful as anti-inflammatory agents. (Bristol-Myers Squibb).U.S. Patent 6,710,064 B2.For the radiolabelled synthesis of BMS-587101 see:
Tran, S. B.; Maxwell, B. D.; Chen, S.-Y.; Bonacorsi, S. J.; Leith, L.; Ogan, M.; Rinehart, J. K.; Balasubramanian, B. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2009, 52, 236
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CRYSTALLINE FORMS AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING SPIRO-HYDANTOIN COMPOUNDS
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Crystalline forms and process for preparing spiro-hydantoin compounds
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Pyridyl-substituted spiro-hydantoin compounds and use thereof
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Spiro-hydantoin compounds useful as anti-inflammatory agents
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Pyridyl-substituted spiro-hydantoin crystalline forms and process
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Spiro-hydantoin compounds useful as anti-inflammatory agents
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| US8710058 * | Dec 4, 2009 | Apr 29, 2014 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Polymorphic forms of 3-(1-{3-[5-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-pyrimidin-2-yl]-benzyl}-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl)-benzonitrile hydrochloride salt and processes of manufacturing thereof |
| US20110269767 * | Dec 4, 2009 | Nov 3, 2011 | Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Novel Polymorphic Forms of 3-(1–6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridazin-3-yl)-benzonitrile Hydrochloride Salt and Processes of Manufacturing Thereof |
USPTO Guidance On Patentable Subject Matter: Impediment to Biotech Innovation?
USPTO Guidance On Patentable Subject Matter: Impediment to Biotech Innovation?
http://commercialbiotechnology.com/index.php/jcb/article/view/664
Abstract
In June 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision upending more than three decades worth of established patent practice when it ruled that isolated gene sequences are no longer patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. Section 101.While many practitioners in the field believed that the USPTO would interpret the decision narrowly, the USPTO actually expanded the scope of the decision when it issued its guidelines for determining whether an invention satisfies Section 101. The guidelines were met with intense backlash with many arguing that they unnecessarily expanded the scope of the Supreme Court cases in a way that could unduly restrict the scope of patentable subject matter, weaken the U.S. patent system, and create a disincentive to innovation. By undermining patentable subject matter in this way, the guidelines may end up harming not only the companies that patent medical innovations, but also the patients who need medical care. This article examines the guidelines and their impact on various technologies.
FDA Guidance for Industry: Electronic Source Data in Clinical Investigations
FDA Guidance for Industry: Electronic Source Data in Clinical Investigations
The FDA published its new Guidance for Industry (GfI) – “Electronic Source Data in Clinical Investigations” in September 2013. The Guidance defines the expectations of the FDA concerning electronic source data generated in the context of clinical trials. Find out more about this Guidance.
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FDA Guidance for Industry: Electronic Source Data in Clinical Investigations |
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After more than 5 years and two draft versions, the final version of the Guidance for Industry (GfI) – “Electronic Source Data in Clinical Investigations” was published in September 2013. This new FDA Guidance defines the FDA’s expectations for sponsors, CROs, investigators and other persons involved in the capture, review and retention of electronic source data generated in the context of FDA-regulated clinical trials. In an effort to encourage the modernization and increased efficiency of processes in clinical trials, the FDA clearly supports the capture of electronic source data and emphasizes the agency’s intention to support activities aimed at ensuring the reliability, quality, integrity and traceability of this source data, from its electronic source to the electronic submission of the data in the context of an authorization procedure. The Guidance addresses aspects as data capture, data review and record retention. When the computerized systems used in clinical trials are described, the FDA recommends that the description not only focus on the intended use of the system, but also on data protection measures and the flow of data across system components and interfaces. In practice, the pharmaceutical industry needs to meet significant requirements regarding organisation, planning, specification and verification of computerized systems in the field of clinical trials. The FDA also mentions in the Guidance that it does not intend to apply 21 CFR Part 11 to electronic health records (EHR). Author: Source: |
Low levels of omega-3 fatty acids may cause memory problems
09 Mar 2012
ST. PAUL, Minn. – A diet lacking in omega-3 fatty acids, nutrients commonly found in fish, may cause your brain to age faster and lose some of its memory and thinking abilities, according to a study published in the February 28, 2012, print issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Omega-3 fatty acids include the nutrients called docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
View original post 225 more words
Biomarker predicts effectiveness of brain cancer treatment
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have identified a new biomarker that predicts whether glioblastoma – the most common form of primary brain cancer – will respond to chemotherapy. The findings are published in the July print issue of Oncotarget.
“Every patient diagnosed with glioblastoma is treated with a chemotherapy called temozolomide. About 15 percent of these patients derive long-lasting benefit,” said Clark C. Chen, MD, PhD, vice-chairman of Academic Affairs, Division of Neurosurgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine and the study’s principal investigator. “We need to identify which patients benefit from temozolomide and which another type of treatment. All therapies involve risk and the possibility of side-effects. Patients should not undergo therapies if there’s no likelihood of benefit.”
To pinpoint which patients were most likely respond to temozolomide, the researchers studied microRNAs that control the expression of a protein called methyl-guanine-methyl-transferase…
View original post 163 more words
Amprenavir (Agenerase, GlaxoSmithKline) is a protease inhibitor…….
AMPRENAVIR
Amprenavir (Agenerase, GlaxoSmithKline) is a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration on April 15, 1999, for twice-a-day dosing instead of needing to be taken every eight hours. The convenient dosing came at a price, as the dose required is 1,200 mg, delivered in eight very large gel capsules.
Production of amprenavir was discontinued by the manufacturer December 31, 2004; a prodrug version (fosamprenavir) is available.
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| (3S)-oxolan-3-yl N-[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[N-(2-methylpropyl)(4-aminobenzene)sulfonamido]-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Agenerase |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a699051 |
| Licence data | EMA:Link, US FDA:link |
| Pregnancy cat. | C (US) |
| Routes | oral |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 90% |
| Metabolism | hepatic |
| Half-life | 7.1-10.6 hours |
| Excretion | <3% renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 161814-49-9  |
| ATC code | J05AE05 |
| PubChem | CID 65016 |
| DrugBank | DB00701 |
| ChemSpider | 58532 |
| UNII | 5S0W860XNR |
| KEGG | D00894 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:40050 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL116 |
| NIAID ChemDB | 006080 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C25H35N3O6S |
| Mol. mass | 505.628 g/mol |
Amprenavir (Agenerase, GlaxoSmithKline) is a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration on April 15, 1999, for twice-a-day dosing instead of needing to be taken every eight hours. The convenient dosing came at a price, as the dose required is 1,200 mg, delivered in eight very large gel capsules.
Production of amprenavir was discontinued by the manufacturer December 31, 2004; a prodrug version (fosamprenavir) is available
………………….
New approaches to the industrial synthesis of HIV protease inhibitors
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2004/ob/b404071f/unauth#!divAbstract
Efficient and industrially applicable synthetic processes for precursors of HIV protease inhibitors (Amprenavir, Fosamprenavir) are described. These involve a novel and economical method for the preparation of a key intermediate, (3S)-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, from L-malic acid. Three new approaches to the assembly of Amprenavir are also discussed. Of these, a synthetic route in which an (S)-tetrahydrofuranyloxy carbonyl is attached to L-phenylalanine appears to be the most promising manufacturing process, in that it offers satisfactory stereoselectivity in fewer steps.
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AGENERASE (amprenavir) is an inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease. The chemical name of amprenavir is (3S)-tetrahydro-3-furyl N-[(1S,2R)-3-(4-amino-N-isobutylbenzenesulfonamido)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropyl]carbamate. Amprenavir is a single stereoisomer with the (3S)(1S,2R) configuration. It has a molecular formula of C25H35N3O6S and a molecular weight of 505.64. It has the following structural formula:
 |
Amprenavir is a white to cream-colored solid with a solubility of approximately 0.04 mg/mL in water at 25°C.
AGENERASE Capsules (amprenavir capsules) are
available for oral administration. Each 50- mg capsule contains the inactive ingredients d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) 246.7 mg, and propylene glycol 19 mg. The capsule shell contains the inactive ingredients d-sorbitol and sorbitans solution, gelatin, glycerin, and titanium dioxide. The soft gelatin capsules are printed with edible red ink. Each 50- mg AGENERASE Capsule contains 36.3 IU vitamin E in the form of TPGS. The total amount of vitamin E in the recommended daily adult dose of AGENERASE is 1,744 IU.
See also
- Fosamprenavir, a prodrug of amprenavir
External links
- Amprenavir bound to proteins in the PDB
Luseogliflozin, TS 071…………. strongly inhibited SGLT2 activity,
LUSEOGLIFLOZIN, CAS 898537-18-3
An antidiabetic agent that inhibits sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2).
(1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-d-glucitol
(1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol
Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
Taisho (Originator), PHASE 3
Click to access 2013041801-e.pdf
TS-071
| Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd. | |
| Description | Oral sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor |
TS-071, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, is in phase III clinical development at Taisho for the oral treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
In 2012, the product was licensed to Novartis and Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical by Taisho in Japan for comarketing for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which is rapidly emerging as a global health care problem that threatens to reach pandemic levels. The number of people with diabetes worldwide is expected to rise from 285 million in 2010 to 438 million by 2030. Diabetes results from deficiency in insulin because of impaired pancreatic β-cell function or from resistance to insulin in body, thus leading to abnormally high levels of blood glucose.
Diabetes which results from complete deficiency in insulin secretion is Type 1 diabetes and the diabetes due to resistance to insulin activity together with an inadequate insulin secretion is Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (Non insulin dependent diabetes) accounts for 90-95 % of all diabetes. An early defect in Type 2 diabetes mellitus is insulin resistance which is a state of reduced responsiveness to circulating concentrations of insulin and is often present years before clinical diagnosis of diabetes. A key component of the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus involves an impaired pancreatic β-cell function which eventually contributes to decreased insulin secretion in response to elevated plasma glucose. The β-cell compensates for insulin resistance by increasing the insulin secretion, eventually resulting in reduced β-cell mass. Consequently, blood glucose levels stay at abnormally high levels (hyperglycemia).
Hyperglycemia is central to both the vascular consequences of diabetes and the progressive nature of the disease itself. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to decrease in insulin secretion and further to decrease in insulin sensitivity. As a result, the blood glucose concentration is increased, leading to diabetes, which is self-exacerbated. Chronic hyperglycemia has been shown to result in higher protein glycation, cell apoptosis and increased oxidative stress; leading to complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, nephropathy, retinopathy (leading to visual impairment or blindness), neuropathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, premature atherosclerosis, diabetic foot ulcer and obesity. So, when a person suffers from diabetes, it becomes important to control the blood glucose level. Normalization of plasma glucose in Type 2 diabetes patients improves insulin action and may offset the development of beta cell failure and diabetic complications in the advanced stages of the disease.
Diabetes is basically treated by diet and exercise therapies. However, when sufficient relief is not obtained by these therapies, medicament is prescribed alongwith. Various antidiabetic agents being currently used include biguanides (decrease glucose production in the liver and increase sensitivity to insulin), sulfonylureas and meglitinides (stimulate insulin production), a-glucosidase inhibitors (slow down starch absorption and glucose production) and thiazolidinediones (increase insulin sensitivity). These therapies have various side effects: biguanides cause lactic acidosis, sulfonylurea compounds cause significant hypoglycemia, a-glucosidase inhibitors cause abdominal bloating and diarrhea, and thiazolidinediones cause edema and weight gain. Recently introduced line of therapy includes inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme, which may be useful in the treatment of diabetes, particularly in Type 2 diabetes. DPP-IV inhibitors lead to decrease in inactivation of incretins glucagon like peptide- 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), thus leading to increased production of insulin by the pancreas in a glucose dependent manner. All of these therapies discussed, have an insulin dependent mechanism.
Another mechanism which offers insulin independent means of reducing glycemic levels, is the inhibition of sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLTs). In healthy individuals, almost 99% of the plasma glucose filtered in the kidneys is reabsorbed, thus leading to only less than 1% of the total filtered glucose being excreted in urine. Two types of SGLTs, SGLT-1 and SGLT-2, enable the kidneys to recover filtered glucose. SGLT-1 is a low capacity, high-affinity transporter expressed in the gut (small intestine epithelium), heart, and kidney (S3 segment of the renal proximal tubule), whereas SGLT-2 (a 672 amino acid protein containing 14 membrane-spanning segments), is a low affinity, high capacity glucose ” transporter, located mainly in the S 1 segment of the proximal tubule of the kidney. SGLT-2 facilitates approximately 90% of glucose reabsorption and the rate of glucose filtration increases proportionally as the glycemic level increases. The inhibition of SGLT-2 should be highly selective, because non-selective inhibition leads to complications such as severe, sometimes fatal diarrhea, dehydration, peripheral insulin resistance, hypoglycemia in CNS and an impaired glucose uptake in the intestine.
Humans lacking a functional SGLT-2 gene appear to live normal lives, other than exhibiting copious glucose excretion with no adverse effects on carbohydrate metabolism. However, humans with SGLT-1 gene mutations are unable to transport glucose or galactose normally across the intestinal wall, resulting in condition known as glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome.
Hence, competitive inhibition of SGLT-2, leading to renal excretion of glucose represents an attractive approach to normalize the high blood glucose associated with diabetes. Lower blood glucose levels would, in turn, lead to reduced rates of protein glycation, improved insulin sensitivity in liver and peripheral tissues, and improved cell function. As a consequence of progressive reduction in hepatic insulin resistance, the elevated hepatic glucose output which is characteristic of Type 2 diabetes would be expected to gradually diminish to normal values. In addition, excretion of glucose may reduce overall caloric load and lead to weight loss. Risk of hypoglycemia associated with SGLT-2 inhibition mechanism is low, because there is no interference with the normal counter regulatory mechanisms for glucose.
The first known non-selective SGLT-2 inhibitor was the natural product phlorizin
(glucose, 1 -[2-P-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 1 – propanone). Subsequently, several other synthetic analogues were derived based on the structure of phlorizin. Optimisation of the scaffolds to achieve selective SGLT-2 inhibitors led to the discovery of several considerably different scaffolds.
C-glycoside derivatives have been disclosed, for example, in PCT publications
W.O20040131 18, WO2005085265, WO2006008038, WO2006034489, WO2006037537, WO2006010557, WO2006089872, WO2006002912, WO2006054629, WO2006064033, WO2007136116, WO2007000445, WO2007093610, WO2008069327, WO2008020011, WO2008013321, WO2008013277, WO2008042688, WO2008122014, WO2008116195, WO2008042688, WO2009026537, WO2010147430, WO2010095768, WO2010023594, WO2010022313, WO2011051864, WO201 1048148 and WO2012019496 US patents US65151 17B2, US6936590B2 and US7202350B2 and Japanese patent application JP2004359630. The compounds shown below are the SGLT-2 inhibitors which have reached advanced stages of human clinical trials: Bristol-Myers Squibb’s “Dapagliflozin” with Formula A, Mitsubishi Tanabe and Johnson & Johnson’s “Canagliflozin” with Formula B, Lexicon’s “Lx-421 1″ with Formula C, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly’s “Empagliflozin” with Formula D, Roche and Chugai’s “Tofogliflozin” with Formula E, Taisho’s “Luseogliflozin” with Formula F, Pfizer’ s “Ertugliflozin” with Formula G and Astellas and Kotobuki’s “Ipragliflozin” with Formula H.
Formula G Formula H
In spite of all these molecules in advanced stages of human clinical trials, there is still no drug available in the market as SGLT-2 inhibitor. Out of the potential candidates entering the clinical stages, many have been discontinued, emphasizing the unmet need. Thus there is an ongoing requirement to screen more scaffolds useful as SGLT-2 inhibitors that can have advantageous potency, stability, selectivity, better half-life, and/ or better pharmacodynamic properties. In this regard, a novel class of SGLT-2 inhibitors is provided herein
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SYNTHESIS
- Example 5
Synthesis of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[2-methoxy-4-methyl-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose
-
Five drops of 1,2-dibromoethane were added to a mixture of magnesium (41 mg, 1.67 mmol), 1-bromo-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylbenzene (0.51 g, 1.51 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (2 mL). After heated to reflux for one hour, this mixture was allowed to stand still to room temperature to prepare a Grignard reagent. A tetrahydrofuran solution (1.40 mL) of 1.0 M i-propyl magnesium chloride and the prepared Grignard reagent were added dropwise sequentially to a tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) solution of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-5-thio-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (0.76 g, 1.38 mmol) while cooled on ice and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate =4:1) to obtain (0.76 g, 68%) a yellow oily title compound.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.37 (t, J=6.92 Hz, 3 H) 2.21 (s, 3 H) 3.51 – 4.20 (m, 12 H) 3.85 – 3.89 (m, 3 H) 4.51 (s, 2 H) 4.65 (d, J=10.72 Hz, 1 H) 4.71 (d, J=5.75 Hz, 1 H) 4.78 – 4.99 (m, 3 H) 6.59 – 7.43 (m, 26 H)
Example 6
-
[0315]
Synthesis of (1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol
-
An acetonitrile (18 mL) solution of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-5-thio-D-glucopyranose (840 mg, 1.04 mmol) was added sequentially with Et3SiH (0.415 mL, 2.60 mmol) and BF3·Et2O (0.198 mL, 1.56 mmol) at -18°C and stirred for an hour. After the reaction mixture was added with a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brine and then dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the desiccant was filtered off, the residue obtained by evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain the title compound (640 mg, 77%).
1H NMR (600 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J=6.88 Hz, 3 H) 2.21 (s, 3 H) 3.02 – 3.21 (m, 1 H) 3.55 (t,J=9.40 Hz, 1 H) 3.71 (s, 1 H) 3.74 – 3.97 (m, 10 H) 4.01 (s, 1 H) 4.45 – 4.56 (m, 3 H) 4.60 (d, J=10.55 Hz, 2 H) 4.86 (s, 2 H) 4.90 (d, J=10.55 Hz, 1H) 6.58 – 6.76 (m, 5 H) 6.90 (d, J=7.34 Hz, 1 H) 7.09 – 7.19 (m, 5 H) 7.23 – 7.35 (m, 15 H).
ESI m/z = 812 (M+NH4).
Example 7
Synthesis of (1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol
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A mixture of (1S)-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-[2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol (630 mg, 0.792 mmol), 20% palladium hydroxide on activated carbon (650 mg) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) – ethanol (10 mL) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 66 hours. The insolubles in the reaction mixture were filtered off with celite and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform:methanol =10:1) to obtain a colorless powdery title compound (280 mg, 81%) as 0.5 hydrate. 1H NMR (600 MHz, METHANOL- d4) δ ppm 1.35 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3 H) 2.17 (s, 3 H) 2.92 – 3.01 (m, 1 H) 3.24 (t, J=8.71 Hz, 1 H) 3.54 – 3.60 (m, 1 H) 3.72 (dd, J=11.5, 6.4 Hz, 1 H) 3.81 (s, 3 H) 3.83 (s, 2 H) 3.94 (dd, J=11.5, 3.7 Hz, 1 H) 3.97 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 2 H) 4.33 (s, 1 H) 6.77 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2 H) 6.76 (s, 1 H) 6.99 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2 H) 7.10 (s, 1 H). ESI m/z = 452 (M+NH4+), 493 (M+CH3CO2-). mp 155.0-157.0°C. Anal. Calcd for C23H30O6S·0.5H2O: C, 62.28; H, 7.06. Found: C, 62.39; H, 7.10.
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PAPER
(1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-d-glucitol (TS-071) is a Potent, Selective Sodium-Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
(Journal of Medicinal Chemistry) Saturday March 20th 2010
Author(s): ,
DOI:10.1021/jm901893x
GO TO: [Article]
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm901893x
(1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-d-glucitol (3p)
Compound 3p (0.281 g, 81%) was prepared as a colorless powder from 21p (0.630 g, 0.792 mmol) according to the method described for the synthesis of 3a. (Method A)
mp 155.0−157.0 °C.
1H NMR (600 MHz, MeOH-d4) δ 1.35 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H), 2.17 (s, 3 H), 2.92−3.01 (m, 1 H), 3.24 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.54−3.60 (m, 1 H), 3.72 (dd, J = 6.4, 11.5, Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3 H), 3.83 (s, 2 H), 3.94 (dd, J = 3.7, 11.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.97 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2 H), 4.33 (brs, 1 H), 6.77 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 6.76 (s, 1 H), 6.99 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 7.10 (s, 1 H).
MS (ESI) m/z 452 (M+NH4).
Anal. Calcd for (C23H30O6S·0.5H2O) C, 62.28; H, 7.06. Found C, 62.39; H, 7.10.
3p is compd
| cmpds | R1 | R2 | R3 | SGLT2 (nM) mean (95% CI) | SGLT1 (nM) mean (95% CI) | T1/T2 selectivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.8 (21.8−35.3) | 246 (162−374) | 8.8 | |||
| 3a | H | H | OEt | 73.6 (51.4−105) | 26100 (20300−33700) | 355 |
| 3b | H | OH | OEt | 283 (268−298) | 14600 (11500−18500) | 51.6 |
| 3c | H | OMe | OEt | 13.4 (11.3−15.8) | 565 (510−627) | 42.2 |
| 3d | H | F | OEt | 9.40 (5.87−15.0) | 7960 (7180−8820) | 847 |
| 3e | H | Me | OEt | 2.29 (1.76−2.99) | 671 (230−1960) | 293 |
| 3f | H | Cl | OEt | 1.77 (0.95−3.30) | 1210 (798−1840) | 684 |
| 3g | OH | H | OEt | 17.4 (15.9−19.0) | 4040 (1200−13600) | 232 |
| 3h | OMe | H | OEt | 37.9 (26.4−54.4) | 100000 (66500−151000) | 2640 |
| 3i | OMe | OMe | OEt | 10.8 (6.84−17.1) | 4270 (1560−11600) | 395 |
| 3j | H | Cl | OMe | 1.68 (1.08−2.60) | 260 (72.5−931) | 155 |
| 3k | H | Cl | Me | 1.37 (0.97−1.95) | 209 (80.2−545) | 153 |
| 3l | H | Cl | Et | 1.78 (0.88−3.63) | 602 (473−767) | 338 |
| 3m | H | Cl | iPr | 4.01 (1.75−9.17) | 8160 (4860−13700) | 2040 |
| 3n | H | Cl | tBu | 18.8 (11.0−32.1) | 35600 (31900−39800) | 1890 |
| 3o | H | Cl | SMe | 1.16 (0.73−1.85) | 391 (239−641) | 337 |
| 3p | OMe | Me | OEt | 2.26 (1.48−3.43) | 3990 (2690−5920) | 1770 |
| 3q | OMe | Me | Et | 1.71 (1.19−2.46) | 2830 (1540−5200) | 1650 |
| 3r | OMe | Me | iPr | 2.68 (2.15−3.34) | 17300 (14100−21100) | 6400 |
| 3s | OMe | Cl | Et | 1.51 (0.75−3.04) | 3340 (2710−4110) | 2210 |
PATENT
| Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004014930A1 * | Aug 8, 2003 | Feb 19, 2004 | Asanuma Hajime | PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE PRODUCTION OF ARYL 5-THIO-β-D- ALDOHEXOPYRANOSIDES |
NON-PATENT CITATIONS
| Reference | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | * | AL-MASOUDI, NAJIM A. ET AL: “Synthesis of some novel 1-(5-thio-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-azaur acil derivatives. Thio sugar nucleosides” NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES , 12(7), 687-99 CODEN: NUNUD5; ISSN: 0732-8311, 1993, XP008091463 |
| 2 | * | See also references of WO2006073197A1 |
| EP2419097A1 * | Apr 16, 2010 | Feb 22, 2012 | Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Pharmaceutical compositions |
| EP2455374A1 * | Oct 15, 2009 | May 23, 2012 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Process for the Preparation of Compounds useful as inhibitors of SGLT |
| EP2601949A2 * | Apr 16, 2010 | Jun 12, 2013 | Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Pharmaceutical compositions |
| EP2668953A1 * | May 15, 2009 | Dec 4, 2013 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an SGLT2 inhibitor with a supply of carbohydrate and/or an inhibitor of uric acid synthesis |
| WO2009143020A1 | May 15, 2009 | Nov 26, 2009 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Method for treating hyperuricemia employing an sglt2 inhibitor and composition containing same |
| WO2010043682A2 * | Oct 15, 2009 | Apr 22, 2010 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Process for the preparation of compounds useful as inhibitors of sglt |
| WO2010119990A1 | Apr 16, 2010 | Oct 21, 2010 | Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Pharmaceutical compositions |
| WO2013152654A1 * | Mar 14, 2013 | Oct 17, 2013 | Theracos, Inc. | Process for preparation of benzylbenzene sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (sglt2) inhibitors |
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Luseogliflozin: Phase III data 10/21/2013
Week in Review, Clinical ResultsTaisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd. (Tokyo:4581), Tokyo, Japan Product: Luseogliflozin (TS-071) Business: Endocrine/Metabolic Molecular target: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Description: Oral sodium-glucose… -
Luseogliflozin: Phase III data 10/21/2013
Week in Review, Clinical ResultsTaisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd. (Tokyo:4581), Tokyo, Japan Product: Luseogliflozin (TS-071) Business: Endocrine/Metabolic Molecular target: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Description: Oral sodium-glucose… -
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see
SEE
http://www.clinicaltrials.jp/user/showCteDetailE.jsp?japicId=JapicCTI-132352
RedHill Biopharma Ltd. Acquires Phase 2 Oncology Drug Upamostat MESUPRON From Wilex AG
Upamostat
CAS: 590368-25-5
Chemical Formula: C32H47N5O6S
Exact Mass: 629.32470
Synonym: WX 671; WX-671; WX671. Upamostat; Brand name: Mesupron.
IUPAC/Chemical name:
(S)-ethyl 4-(3-(3-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl)-2-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonamido)propanoyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
RedHill Biopharma Ltd. , an Israeli biopharmaceutical company focused on late clinical-stage drugs for inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases, including cancer, and WILEX AG , a biopharmaceutical company focused on oncology, based in Munich, Germany, today announced that they have signed an exclusive license agreement for the oncology drug … (more)
Upamostat, also known as Mesupron, WX-671, is an orally bioavailable, 3-amidinophenylalanine-derived, second generation serine protease inhibitor prodrug targeting the human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system with potential antineoplastic and antimetastatic activities. After oral administration, serine protease inhibitor WX-671 is converted to the active Nα-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl)-3-amidino-(L)-phenyla lanine-4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazide (WX-UK1), which inhibits several serine proteases, particularly uPA; inhibition of uPA may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. uPA is a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and tumor cell migration and proliferation.
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Information about this agent |
WX-671 (Mesupron) is an orally available prodrug of WX-UK1, a serine protease inhibitor that inhibits uPA as well as other serine proteases. WX-UK1 (Setyono-Han et al., Thromb Haemost 2005) and WX-671 have shown to efficiently reduce primary tumor growth and metastasis formation in a variety of animal models. The proteolytic factor uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 belong to those biological factors which have provided the highest level of evidence (LOE1) in terms of their prognostic and predictive significance. WX-671 is currently the only drug in Phase II aiming at this target.Results: All 95 patients were accrued between Jun 2007 and Aug 2008. Efficacy is assessed by a central reader at regular intervals based on digital CT images. By end of 2009, 2 patients were still on treatment without signs of progression, 64 patients had died. Preliminary analysis of overall survival showed an increase in overall survival from 10.2 mo (gemcitabine alone) to 13.5 mo for the combination of gemcitabine and WX-671. 1-year survival increased from 37% with gemcitabine to 53% when combined with 400 mg WX- 671. Conclusions: The combination of daily oral WX-671 in combination with weekly i.v. gemcitabine was well tolerated. see asco.com’s website.
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References |
1. Analysis of highly potent amidine containing inhibitors of serine proteases and their N-hydroxylated prodrugs (amidoximes) By Kotthaus, Joscha; Steinmetzer, Torsten; van de Locht, Andreas; Clement, Bernd From Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry (2011), 26(1), 115-122.
2. Combined treatment of cancer by urokinase inhibition and a cytostatic anti-cancer agent for enhancing the anti-metastatic effect By Schmalix, Wolfgang; Schneider, Anneliese; Setyono-Han, Buddy; Foekens, Johannes From U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2008), US 20080226624 A1 20080918.
3. Peptides and small molecules targeting the plasminogen activation system: towards prophylactic anti-metastasis drugs for breast cancer By Tyndall, Joel D. A.; Kelso, Michael J.; Clingan, Phillip; Ranson, Marie From Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery (2008), 3(1), 1-13.
4. Synthesis of hydroxyamidine and hydroxyguanidine amino acid or oligopeptide derivatives for use as urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and its metastasis By Sperl, Stefan; Buergle, Markus; Schmalix, Wolfgang; Wosikowski, Katja; Clement, Bernd From U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2006), US 20060142305 A1 20060629.
5. Crystalline modifications of N-α-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl)-3-hydroxyamidino-(l)-phenylalanine-4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazide and/or its salts By Grunenberg, Alfons; Lenz, Jana From PCT Int. Appl. (2006), WO 2006056448 A1 20060601.
6. Synthesis of hydroxyamidine and hydroxyguanidine amino acid or oligopeptide derivatives for use as urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and its metastasis By Sperl, Stefan; Burgle, Markus; Schmalix, Wolfgang; Wosikowski, Katja; Clement, Bernd From PCT Int. Appl. (2004), WO 2004103984 A1 20041202.
7. Preparation of 3-amidinophenylalanine derivatives from 3-cyanophenylalanines via reduction and hydrogenation under mild conditions By Ziegler, Hugo; Wikstroem, Peter From PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2003072559 A1 20030904.
1. Buddy et al, Suppression of Rat Brest Cancer Metastasis and Reduction of Primary Tumor Growth by the Small Synthetic Urokinase Inhibitor WX-UK1. Thromb Haemost. 2005, 93:779-786.
2. Ertongur S, Lang S, Mack B, Wosikowski K, Muehlenweg B, Gires O. Inhibition of the invasion capacity of carcinoma cells by WX-UK1, a novel synthetic inhibitor of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system. Int J Cancer. 2004, 110(6):815-24.
3. Setyono-Han B, Stürzebecher J, Schmalix WA, Muehlenweg B, Sieuwerts AM, Timmermans M, Magdolen V, Schmitt M, Klijn JG, Foekens JA. Suppression of rat breast cancer metastasis and reduction of primary tumour growth by the small synthetic urokinase inhibitor WX-UK1. Thromb Haemost. 2005, 93(4):779-86.
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO
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